International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Diagnostic Errors in Referrals To
DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS IN REFERRALS TO THE ZAGREB FEVER HOSPITAL VLADIMIR GRAHOVAC Dr med., Head, general practice unit, Gajevo-Jarun and BOZIDAR GAVAZZI Dr med., Head, general practice unit, Savska Cesta Health Centre "Tresnjevka", Zagreb Errare humanum, corrigere philosophicum est THE MOST sensitive indicators are those relating to the quality of work. There are many indices of various degrees of objec- tivity for the evaluation of the quality of the doctor's work. One of them concerning hospital physicians is the degree of agreement between clinical diagnosis and postmortem findings 1. A similar indicator for non-hospital doctors is the degree ofagreement between their referral diagnosis and hospital discharge diagnoses. Since in Yugoslavia there are a great many contradictory opinions of the quality of work of doctors in general, and general practitioners in particular, and since they are often based on impressions and emotions rather than on objective studies, we decided to analyse the degree of agreement between referral diagnoses of the cases sent to the Zagreb fever hospital (hospital for contagious diseases) and the discharge diagnoses of this hospital. Although aware of defi- ciencies of this kind of study which relates only to a single hospital, and a specialized one at that, we decided to use it for the following reasons: 1. The fever hospital is one of the hospitals in which most case histories, in addition to referral diagnoses, contain the name of the physician who referred the patient to the hospital. This makes the subsequent identification possible. 2. Patients are for the most part sent to the fever hospital directly, without any preceding consultation with another doctor specialist or laboratory analysis. -
ROTAVIRAL INFECTION Simple Choice Multiple Choice
ROTAVIRAL INFECTION Simple choice 1. Choose the most receptive age for rotavirus infection: A. Newborns B. Children after 5 years C. Children 6-36 months D. Adults E. Elderly people 2. Select the causative agent that commonly cause viral diarrhea in children: A. Enterovirus B. Herpesvirus C. Coronavirus D. Astrovirus E. Rotavirus 3. Specify the character of the stool in the case of rotavirus infection in children: A. Frequent, poor, with mucus and blood, false calls and tenesmus, B. Liquid, frequent, light, greenish, mucous C. Frequent, aqueous, light, undigested, golden yellow or whitish D. Sanguinolent (with liquid blood), hemolytic-uremic syndrome, toxic shock E. Liquid stools, abdominal pain, followed by asymmetric and hypotonic flaccid paralysis. 4. Choose the etiological diagnosis of rotavirus infection: A. Lumbar puncture B. Biochemical blood test C. Blood culture D. Detection of rotavirus antigen in faces by ELISA E. Collecting the anamnestic of the disease and the objective examination thoroughly 5. Choose the basic treatment of Rotavirus infection in children: A. Antibacterial drugs B. Oral Rehydration C. Probiotics with high content of lacto and bifidobacteria D. Spasmolytics E. Corticosteroids Multiple choice 1. Indicate the main pathogenic mechanisms for rotavirus infection: A. Ulcerative and fibrinous necrotic inflammation in the submucosal and muscular layers of the large intestine B. Disaccharides deficiency C. Disruption of ideal water transport, sodium, and absorption abatement D. Fibrous inflammation of the large intestine mucosa E. Destruction of small intestine epitheliocytes 2. Choose the clinical signs characteristic of rotavirus infection in children: A. Confluent macula-papular rash spread throughout the body B. Acute debut with fever, vomiting, moderate, permanent periumbilical abdominal pain C. -
The External Parasites of Birds: a Review
THE EXTERNAL PARASITES OF BIRDS: A REVIEW BY ELIZABETH M. BOYD Birds may harbor a great variety and numher of ectoparasites. Among the insects are biting lice (Mallophaga), fleas (Siphonaptera), and such Diptera as hippohoscid flies (Hippohoscidae) and the very transitory mosquitoes (Culicidae) and black flies (Simuliidae), which are rarely if every caught on animals since they fly off as soon as they have completed their blood-meal. One may also find, in birds ’ nests, bugs of the hemipterous family Cimicidae, and parasitic dipterous larvae that attack nestlings. Arachnida infesting birds comprise the hard ticks (Ixodidae), soft ticks (Argasidae), and certain mites. Most ectoparasites are blood-suckers; only the Ischnocera lice and some species of mites subsist on skin components. The distribution of ectoparasites on the host varies with the parasite concerned. Some show no habitat preference while others tend to confine themselves to, or even are restricted to, definite areas on the body. A list of 198 external parasites for 2.55 species and/or subspecies of birds east of the Mississippi has been compiled by Peters (1936) from files of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine between 1928 and 1935. Fleas and dipterous larvae were omitted from this list. According to Peters, it is possible to collect three species of lice, one or two hippoboscids, and several types of mites on a single bird. He records as many as 15 species of ectoparasites each from the Bob-white (Co&us uirginianus), Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), and Robin (Turdus migratorius). The lice and plumicolous mites, however, are typically the most abundant forms present on avian hosts. -
Evaluation of Epidemiology, Severity A
JOURNAL OF Journal of Contemporary CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE Medicine DOI: 10.16899/jcm.748023 J Contemp Med 2020;10(4):551-555 Orjinal Araştırma / Original Article Comparison of Community-Acquired Rotavirus Infection with Nosocomial Rotavirus Infection; Evaluation of Epidemiology, Severity and Economic Burdens Toplumdan Kazanılmış Rotavirüs Enfeksiyonunun Nozokomiyal Rotavirüs Enfeksiyonu ile Karşılaştırılması; Epidemiyoloji, Şiddet ve Ekonomik Yükünün Değerlendirilmesi Adnan Barutçu1, Saliha Barutçu2 1Halfeti State Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Şanlıurfa,Turkey 2Halfeti State Hospital Department of Family Medicine, Şanlıurfa, Turkey Abstract Öz Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic data of Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, toplum kökenli rotavirüs (TKR) patients with community-acquired rotavirus (CAR) gastroenteritis, gastroenteritli hastaların demografik verilerini, nozokomiyal rotavirüs the incidence of patients with nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis gastroenteritli (NRG) hastaların insidansını, bu iki grubun hastanede (NRG), the length of hospitalization and direct costs of these two yatış sürelerini ve direkt maliyetlerini ve nozokomiyal enfeksiyonun groups, and the effect of NRG in pediatric patients. getirdiği ek maliyeti belirleyerek pediyatrik hastalarda NRG etkisini değerlendirmektir. Material and Method: The records of patients aged 0-144 months who were admitted to Halfeti State Hospital between July 2017 Gereç ve Yöntem: Temmuz 2017-Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında Halfeti Devlet Hastanesi’ ne başvuran 0-144 -
Detection of Babesia Odocoilei in Ixodes Scapularis Ticks Collected from Songbirds in Ontario and Quebec, Canada
pathogens Article Detection of Babesia odocoilei in Ixodes scapularis Ticks Collected from Songbirds in Ontario and Quebec, Canada John D. Scott *, Emily L. Pascoe , Muhammad S. Sajid and Janet E. Foley Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] (E.L.P.); [email protected] (M.S.S.); [email protected] (J.E.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 August 2020; Accepted: 16 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Songbirds widely disperse ticks that carry a diversity of pathogens, some of which are pathogenic to humans. Among ticks commonly removed from songbirds, the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, can harbor any combination of nine zoonotic pathogens, including Babesia species. From May through September 2019, a total 157 ticks were collected from 93 songbirds of 29 species in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Québec. PCR testing for the 18S gene of Babesia species detected Babesia odocoilei in 12.63% of I. scapularis nymphs parasitizing songbirds in Ontario and Québec; none of the relatively small numbers of Ixodes muris, Ixodes brunneus, or Haemaphysalis leporispalustris were PCR-positive. For ticks at each site, the prevalence of B. odocoilei was 16.67% in Ontario and 8.89% and 5.26% in Québec. Of 31 live, engorged I. scapularis larvae and nymphs held to molt, 25 ticks completed the molt; five of these molted ticks were positive for B. odocoilei. PCR-positive ticks were collected from six bird species—namely, Common Yellowthroat, Swainson’s Thrush, Veery, House Wren, Baltimore Oriole, and American Robin. -
Ecology and Evolution of Malarial Parasites In
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF MALARIAL PARASITES IN VERTEBRATE HOSTS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Holly Lynn Lutz August 2016 © Holly Lynn Lutz 2016 ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF MALARIAL PARASITES IN VERTEBRATE HOSTS Holly Lynn Lutz, Ph.D. Cornell University 2016 This dissertation represents a culmination of extensive field work and collections of African vertebrates and their symbionts, as well as experimental studies carried out in the laboratory. Field work was conducted primarily in the East African countries of Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Uganda. Throughout these expeditions, efforts were made to improve field protocols for the comprehensive sampling of wild vertebrates and their symbionts, with particular focus on the sampling of avian blood parasites (haematozoa), ectoparasites (arthropods), endoparasites (helminths), and microbial symbionts (bacteria and viruses). This dissertation therefore includes a chapter with detailed guidelines and protocols for sampling avian symbionts based on these experiences. Following chapters rely on data from both field collections and laboratory experiments, which provide a foundation for addressing the ecology, systematics, and molecular evolution of malarial parasites in vertebrate hosts. Specifically, haemosporidian data from 2,539 Afrotropical birds and small mammals (bats, rodents, and shrews) collected during field inventories were used to (1) test hypotheses linking host life history traits and host ecology to patterns of infection by three haemosporidian parasite genera in birds (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon), and (2) re-evaluate the molecular phylogeny of the order Haemosporida by incorporating existing genomic data from haemosporidian parasites with data from novel parasite lineages infecting major vertebrate host groups, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. -
North American Wetlands and Mosquito Control
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 4537-4605; doi:10.3390/ijerph9124537 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article North American Wetlands and Mosquito Control Jorge R. Rey 1,*, William E. Walton 2, Roger J. Wolfe 3, C. Roxanne Connelly 1, Sheila M. O’Connell 1, Joe Berg 4, Gabrielle E. Sakolsky-Hoopes 5 and Aimlee D. Laderman 6 1 Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory and Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida-IFAS, Vero Beach, FL 342962, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (S.M.O.C.) 2 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Franklin, CT 06254, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Biohabitats, Inc., 2081 Clipper Park Road, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Cape Cod Mosquito Control Project, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-772-778-7200 (ext. 136). Received: 11 September 2012; in revised form: 21 November 2012 / Accepted: 22 November 2012 / Published: 10 December 2012 Abstract: Wetlands are valuable habitats that provide important social, economic, and ecological services such as flood control, water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, pollutant removal, and primary/secondary production export to terrestrial and aquatic food chains. There is disagreement about the need for mosquito control in wetlands and about the techniques utilized for mosquito abatement and their impacts upon wetlands ecosystems. -
Annotated List of the Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of New Jersey
applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" applyparastyle "fig" parastyle "Figure" Journal of Medical Entomology, 2019, 1–10 doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz010 Review Review Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jme/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jme/tjz010/5310395 by Rutgers University Libraries user on 09 February 2019 Annotated List of the Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of New Jersey James L. Occi,1,4 Andrea M. Egizi,1,2 Richard G. Robbins,3 and Dina M. Fonseca1 1Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8536, 2Tick- borne Diseases Laboratory, Monmouth County Mosquito Control Division, 1901 Wayside Road, Tinton Falls, NJ 07724, 3 Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, MSC, MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746-2863 and 4Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Rebecca Eisen Received 1 November 2018; Editorial decision 8 January 2019 Abstract Standardized tick surveillance requires an understanding of which species may be present. After a thorough review of the scientific literature, as well as government documents, and careful evaluation of existing accessioned tick collections (vouchers) in museums and other repositories, we have determined that the verifiable hard tick fauna of New Jersey (NJ) currently comprises 11 species. Nine are indigenous to North America and two are invasive, including the recently identified Asian longhorned tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis (Neumann, 1901). For each of the 11 species, we summarize NJ collection details and review their known public health and veterinary importance and available information on seasonality. Separately considered are seven additional species that may be present in the state or become established in the future but whose presence is not currently confirmed with NJ vouchers. -
Two Case Reports of Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis
Case report Two Case Reports of Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Wilson Daza, MD,1 Silvana Dadán, MD,2 María Carolina Uribe, MD.3 1 Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Master’s Degree in Abstract Clinical Nutrition, Director of Gastronutriped and of the Pediatric Gastroenterology Postgraduate Program Two case reports of patients with neonatal enterocolitis present the topic of Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis at the Universidad El Bosque in Bogotá, Colombia Syndrome (FPIES). FPIES is a type of food allergy which is not mediated by IgE and which has a severe pre- 2 Clinical Nutritionist, Master’s Degree in sentation. Its incidence and prevalence are unknown. Clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and timely management Clinical Nutrition, Assistant Professor in the Postgraduate Programs in Pediatrics and Pediatric are important in light of likely development of severe complications which can even lead to death. Gastroenterology at the Universidad El Bosque in Bogotá, Colombia Key words 3 Fellow in Pediatric Gastroenterology at the Universidad El Bosque in Bogotá, Colombia Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES), oral challenge, skin prick test, food allergy, cow’s milk protein allergy, introduction of solid food, breast feeding. ......................................... Received: 29-01-13 Accepted: 26-06-13 INTRODUCTION tests for allergies such as skin prick tests and blood tests for IgE may have negative results. In recent years, allergies have been fl ourishing, and aller- In this article we present two cases of Food Protein gies to diet proteins are no exception. In fact, more than Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) which illustrate 5% of children develop allergies to milk proteins or other how allergic illnesses can be confused with common pre- kinds of protein (Walker-Smith, Murch, Wood). -
Comparative Analysis of Microsatellite and Mitochondrial Genetic Variation in Ixodes Scapularis
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2012 Comparative Analysis of Microsatellite and Mitochondrial Genetic Variation in Ixodes Scapularis Cynthia Tak Wan Chan Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Chan, Cynthia Tak Wan, "Comparative Analysis of Microsatellite and Mitochondrial Genetic Variation in Ixodes Scapularis" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 865. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/865 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MICROSATELLITE AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENETIC VARIATION IN IXODES SCAPULARIS by CYNTHIA TAK WAN CHAN (Under the Direction of Lorenza Beati) ABSTRACT Ixodes scapularis, the black legged tick, is a species endemic to North America with a range including most of the eastern-half of the United States and portions of Canada and Mexico. The tick is an important vector of diseases transmitted to humans and animals. Since its first description in 1821, the taxonomy of the species has been controversial. Biological differences have been identified in the northern and southern populations, yet no consensus exists on population structure and the causes of this disparity. Earlier molecular studies utilizing nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers have revealed the occurrence of two distinct lineages: a genetically diverse southern clade found in the southern-half of the distribution area of I. -
Pediatric Collagenous Gastroenterocolitis Successfully Treated with Methotrexate
Hindawi Case Reports in Pediatrics Volume 2020, Article ID 1929581, 5 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1929581 Case Report Pediatric Collagenous Gastroenterocolitis Successfully Treated with Methotrexate Beate C. Beinvogl ,1 Jeffrey D. Goldsmith,2 Ramalingam Arumugam,3 Michelle Kennedy,3 Mani Mokalla,4 Paul A. Rufo ,1 and Menno Verhave1 1Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 2Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 3Minnesota Gastroenterology, PA, St. Paul, MN, USA 4Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Beate C. Beinvogl; [email protected] Received 24 September 2019; Accepted 2 January 2020; Published 24 February 2020 Academic Editor: Larry A. Rhodes Copyright © 2020 Beate C. Beinvogl et al. &is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A two-and-one-half-year-old previously healthy female presented with a ten-week history of watery diarrhea, nonbilious and nonbloody emesis, and low-grade fevers. She was found to have severe hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. Her symptoms persisted, and she became dependent on parenteral nutrition. Biopsies obtained during subsequent endoscopic and colonoscopic studies revealed findings consistent with collagenous gastroenterocolitis. She responded to an empiric course of prednisone, but her symptoms recurred shortly after transitioning to oral budesonide. After successful reinduction with in- travenous prednisone, intramuscular methotrexate was initiated. She remained asymptomatic during a 15-month course of therapy, and she continued to do well clinically until approximately nine months after weaning off methotrexate. -
Are Ticks Venomous Animals? Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz1,2 and James J Valdés3*
Cabezas-Cruz and Valdés Frontiers in Zoology 2014, 11:47 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/11/1/47 RESEARCH Open Access Are ticks venomous animals? Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz1,2 and James J Valdés3* Abstract Introduction: As an ecological adaptation venoms have evolved independently in several species of Metazoa. As haematophagous arthropods ticks are mainly considered as ectoparasites due to directly feeding on the skin of animal hosts. Ticks are of major importance since they serve as vectors for several diseases affecting humans and livestock animals. Ticks are rarely considered as venomous animals despite that tick saliva contains several protein families present in venomous taxa and that many Ixodida genera can induce paralysis and other types of toxicoses. Tick saliva was previously proposed as a special kind of venom since tick venom is used for blood feeding that counteracts host defense mechanisms. As a result, the present study provides evidence to reconsider the venomous properties of tick saliva. Results: Based on our extensive literature mining and in silico research, we demonstrate that ticks share several similarities with other venomous taxa. Many tick salivary protein families and their previously described functions are homologous to proteins found in scorpion, spider, snake, platypus and bee venoms. This infers that there is a structural and functional convergence between several molecular components in tick saliva and the venoms from other recognized venomous taxa. We also highlight the fact that the immune response against tick saliva and venoms (from recognized venomous taxa) are both dominated by an allergic immunity background. Furthermore, by comparing the major molecular components of human saliva, as an example of a non-venomous animal, with that of ticks we find evidence that ticks resemble more venomous than non-venomous animals.