Around the Baltic Hamburg to Helsinki
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The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914
From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism. -
Baltic Towns030306
Seventeenth Century Baltic Merchants is one of the most frequented waters in the world - if not the Tmost frequented – and has been so for the last thousand years. Shipping and trade routes over the Baltic Sea have a long tradition. During the Middle Ages the Hanseatic League dominated trade in the Baltic region. When the German Hansa definitely lost its position in the sixteenth century, other actors started struggling for the control of the Baltic Sea and, above all, its port towns. Among those coun- tries were, for example, Russia, Poland, Denmark and Sweden. Since Finland was a part of the Swedish realm, ”the eastern half of the realm”, Sweden held positions on both the east and west coasts. From 1561, when the town of Reval and adjacent areas sought protection under the Swedish Crown, ex- pansion began along the southeastern and southern coasts of the Baltic. By the end of the Thirty Years War in 1648, Sweden had gained control and was the dom- inating great power of the Baltic Sea region. When the Danish areas in the south- ern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula were taken in 1660, Sweden’s policies were fulfilled. Until the fall of Sweden’s Great Power status in 1718, the realm kept, if not the objective ”Dominium Maris Baltici” so at least ”Mare Clausum”. 1 The strong military and political position did not, however, correspond with an economic dominance. Michael Roberts has declared that Sweden’s control of the Baltic after 1681 was ultimately dependent on the good will of the maritime powers, whose interests Sweden could not afford to ignore.2 In financing the wars, the Swedish government frequently used loans from Dutch and German merchants.3 Moreover, the strong expansion of the Swedish mining industries 1 Rystad, Göran: Dominium Maris Baltici – dröm och verklighet /Mare nostrum. -
The Baltic Sea Region the Baltic Sea Region
TTHEHE BBALALTTICIC SSEAEA RREGIONEGION Cultures,Cultures, Politics,Politics, SocietiesSocieties EditorEditor WitoldWitold MaciejewskiMaciejewski A Baltic University Publication Education and research 14 as cultural policies Kazimierz Musiał 1. Introduction Increased educational and research activities concerning the Baltic Sea region in recent years let us speak of them as of some form of distinctive cultural policies. This chapter deals with the potential of these policies as a possibility for transforming the region into an efficient unit of inter- and sub-national cooperation. On the regional level, overcoming the legacy of the past and meeting the challenge of the future places particular responsibility and awakes expectations with regard to educational and research policies. They are regarded as a likely means of transformation, which in a rational manner may help to turn the Baltic Sea littoral states into a cooperating community. A point of departure is an interest group comprising of independent states which, through cultural policies, starts viewing itself as an integrated socio-cultural community. Benedict Anderson has shown that a community emerges if the belief in it is shared by a sufficient number of its inhabitants (Anderson 1983). In the prospective Baltic Sea com- munity this implies that the inhabitants should, apart from their national or sub-regional background, be able to identify with common patterns and artefacts which they would regard as constituting a distinctive achievement of the peoples inhabiting the Baltic Sea region. Education and research are able to deliver a matrix for regionalism, i.e. regional identification, through the exchange of ideas among networking scholars and the introduction of common, regionally integrated curricula. -
Bremen Und Die Kunst in Der Kolonialzeit
DER BLINDE FLECK BREMEN UND DIE KUNST IN DER KOLONIALZEIT THE BLIND SPOT BREMEN, COLONIALISM AND ART EDITED BY JULIA BINTER ©2017byKunsthalle Bremen –Der Kunstverein in Bremen www.kunsthalle-bremen.de ©2017byDietrich Reimer Verlag GmbH, Berlin www.reimer-mann-verlag.de Funded by the International MuseumFellowship program of the German Federal Cultural Foundaition In cooperation with Afrika-Netzwerk Bremen e.V. Bibliographic Information of the German National Library Deutsche Nationalbibliothek holds arecordofthis publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographical data can be found under: http://dnb.d-nb.de. All rightsreserved. No partofthis book maybereprintedorrepro- ducedorutilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, nowknown or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrievalsystem, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 978-3-496-01592-5 With contributions by Julia Binter Anna Brus Anujah Fernando Anna Greve HewLocke YvetteMutumba Ngozi Schommers Vivan Sundaram Translations from German and English by Daniel Stevens Lenders Nolde-Stiftung Seebüll Sammlung Vivanund Navina Sundaram Sammlung Karl H. Knauf,Berlin Übersee-Museum Bremen Deutsches Schifffahrtsmuseum Bremerhaven Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg Focke-Museum Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Schulmuseum Bremen Landesfilmarchiv Bremen Intro Ⅰ Kawanabe Kyōsai, The Lazy one in the Middle, n. d., monochrome woodcut, Outro Ⅰ Kunsthalle Bremen – Artist unknown, -
The Baltic Sea Region the Baltic Sea Region
TTHEHE BBALALTTICIC SSEAEA RREGIONEGION Cultures,Cultures, Politics,Politics, SocietiesSocieties EditorEditor WitoldWitold MaciejewskiMaciejewski A Baltic University Publication A chronology of the history 7 of the Baltic Sea region Kristian Gerner 800-1250 Vikings; Early state formation and Christianization 800s-1000s Nordic Vikings dominate the Baltic Region 919-1024 The Saxon German Empire 966 Poland becomes Christianized under Mieszko I 988 Kiev Rus adopts Christianity 990s-1000s Denmark Christianized 999 The oldest record on existence of Gdańsk Cities and towns During the Middle Ages cities were small but they grew in number between 1200-1400 with increased trade, often in close proximity to feudal lords and bishops. Lübeck had some 20,000 inhabitants in the 14th and 15th centuries. In many cities around the Baltic Sea, German merchants became very influential. In Swedish cities tensions between Germans and Swedes were common. 1000s Sweden Christianized 1000s-1100s Finland Christianized. Swedish domination established 1025 Boleslaw I crowned King of Poland 1103-1104 A Nordic archbishopric founded in Lund 1143 Lübeck founded (rebuilt 1159 after a fire) 1150s-1220s Denmark dominates the Baltic Region 1161 Visby becomes a “free port” and develops into an important trade center 1100s Copenhagen founded (town charter 1254) 1100s-1200s German movement to the East 1200s Livonia under domination of the Teutonic Order 1200s Estonia and Livonia Christianized 1201 Riga founded by German bishop Albert 1219 Reval/Tallinn founded by Danes ca 1250 -
Phd-Topic Eric Ladenthin the Development and Impacts Of
PhD-topic Eric Ladenthin The development and impacts of Swedish alliances during Sweden’s age as a great power, 1597-1721 My research project aims to analyse the cultural, scientific or economical background of Swedish diplomatic alliances in the light of the struggle for the “Dominium Maris Baltici” and its rise and fall as a great power from the 16th to the 18th century. The reasons for Sweden’s ascendance from a backward, medieval country to its reign over the Baltic Sea Region we- ren’t only established through top-to-bottom reforms and a successful warfare under the Vasa-dynasty and chancellor Axel Oxenstierna, but also through neat negotiated alliances. Since the protestant Sweden was involved in several wars within the whole Baltic Sea Re- gion, their diplomats established partially long-lasting and frequent alliances e.g. with Bran- denburg-Prussia, and also with the catholic France and the Calvinistic United Netherlands. By doing this, all coalition partners crossed not only geographic and military, but also cultural and mental borders in order to set up a partnership. Diplomats and residents were during the early modern period in the political and religious dense Baltic Sea Region constant physi- cal and mental border crossers, who questioned, shifted or even erased “old” boundaries. These constant exchanges of people, trade goods and knowledge kept an ongoing transfor- mation process running. My main aim is to analyse how these alliances between the kingdom of Sweden and his allies were established and which factors affected the development of alliances within its rise and fall as a great power of the Baltic Sea. -
November 5, 2017
November 5, 2017 The mission of The First Presbyterian Church in Germantown is to reflect the loving presence of Christ as we serve others faithfully, worship God joyfully and share life together in a diverse and generous community. In preparation for worship please take the opportunity to speak silently to God. At the close of the service let us greet one another with cheerfulness. Please be sure that your cell phone is turned off during worship. November 5, 2017 Twenty-second Sunday after Pentecost ORDER OF MORNING WORSHIP AT 10:00 AM GATHERING AS GOD’S FAMILY Prelude: From Eleven Chorale Preludes, Op. 122 Joannes Brahms O How Blest Are Ye Whose Toils Are Ended Deck Thyself, My Soul, with Gladness Welcome and Announcements Minute for Stewardship Faith Wolford Introit: Come to Zion (Shaker melody) Ted W. Barr Come to Zion sin sick souls in sorrow bound. Lay your cares upon the altar where true healing may be found. Shout Alleluia, alleluia! Praise resounds o’er land and sea. All who will may come and share the glories of this jubilee. †*Call to Worship From Psalm 107 Leader: O give thanks to the Lord, for he is good; for his steadfast love endures forever. People: Let the redeemed of the Lord say so, those he redeemed from trouble. Leader: Some wandered in desert wastes, finding no way to an inhabited town; hungry and thirsty, their soul fainted within them. People: Then they cried to the Lord in their trouble, and he delivered them from their distress. Leader: He led them by a straight way, until they reached an inhabited town. -
ENG Flyer Bearbeitet Quer Spalten
Adalbert (two semicircular windows and a round one, ……………………………………………………………………………. Museum of Christian art and Romanesque, second half of the 11th century, partly 3 The front-room of the first floor is dedicated to the the history of the church of Bremen restored). history and significance of the Bremen bishopric from www.dommuseum-bremen.de its foundation in 787 to its disintegration in 1648. As a ……………………………………………………………………………. Now we are in a Romanesque room of the 13th matter of course, only some selected items could be century. The fresco painting was discovered under emphasized e.g. Bremen bishops as missionaries and dirty plaster layers during the last reconstructions. saints (Willehad, Ansgar, Rimbert and Unni); Adalbert WELCOME TO After careful uncovering, consolidation and as a politician and Archbishop; Bremen as a center of THE DOM-MUSEUM! restoration four pictures can be recognized among rich mission for Northern Europe (“Rome of the North”); ornaments of tendrils and inserted heads of angels. In music of the early Middle Ages in Bremen; documents the entrance bay Christ’s Baptism in the Jordan; in the and seals of Bremen bishops; history of the Cathedral Highlights center, on opposite sides, in fragments only, the parish after the Reformation. • Historical textiles (mitre etc.) soldiers quarreling for the coat, and the Descent from • Crook of Limoges the Cross; on the narrower wall of the room the It is understandable that the attention of the visitors is • Bremen – „Rome of the North“ presentation of Christ in the mandorla, called Maiestas attracted by the silver goods exhibited in the center; • Voluntary commitment as a living tradition Domini. -
Historical Borderlands in the Baltic Sea Area(1) Layers of Cultural Diffusion and New Borderland Theories: the Case of Livonia
Journal of History for the Public (2010) 7, pp 10-24 ©2010 Department of Occidental History, Osaka University. ISSN 1348-852x Historical Borderlands in the Baltic Sea Area(1) Layers of Cultural Diffusion and New Borderland Theories: The Case of Livonia Alexander Drost Introduction This paper presents a new borderland theory which is based on the trans-boundary overlap of economic, political and cultural layers of human activity in the Baltic Sea region from the late Middle Ages to the dawn of the 19th century. The development of a model that combines the concept of cultural layers and novel borderland theory is based on the assumption that the nation state of the 19th century has ceased to be a suitable model of historical explanation in today’s period of structural and intellectual flow. Research on intensive processes of economic, political and cultural integration in Europe and its impact on the individual perception of space, identity and living conditions have shown that due to these processes the frame set of structures in societies can no longer be solely determined by the concept of the nation state.(2) Zygmunt Bauman has stated that the nation state rests on the concept that ambivalence can be kept in check through order. The post-modern experience has shown that it is difficult to maintain this balance and ambivalence often gains the upper hand.(3) Present research from the perspective of political science or contemporary history detects a major political and societal transformation in the crossing and disappearance of national borders today.(4) The early modern historian chooses a different perspective which recurs to the spatial formation of states and regions in the pre-nation-state phase. -
Merchants of War: Mercenaries, Economy, and Society in the Late Sixteenth-Century Baltic
Merchants of War: Mercenaries, Economy, and Society in the Late Sixteenth-Century Baltic by Joseph Thomas Chatto Sproule A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Joseph Thomas Chatto Sproule 2019 Merchants of War: Mercenaries, Economy, and Society in the Late Sixteenth-Century Baltic Joseph Thomas Chatto Sproule Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2019 Abstract The polities of the sixteenth-century Baltic competed and cooperated with one another and with local power groups in fluctuating patterns of rivalry and expedient partnership. Mercenarism thrived in this context, as early modern governments were seldom equipped with the fiscal and logistical tools or the domestic military resources needed to wholly meet the escalating challenges of warfare, while mercenaries themselves were drawn to a chaotic environment that afforded opportunities for monetary gain and promotion into the still- coalescing political elites of the region’s emerging powers. This study sits, like the mercenary himself, at the intersection of the military, the economic, the social, and the political. Broadly, it is an analysis of mercenaries in Livonian and Swedish service during the so-called Livonian War of 1558 to 1583. Mercenaries are examined as agents of the polities for whom they fought and as actors with goals of their own, ambiguously positioned figures whose outsider status and relative independence presented both opportunities and challenges as they navigated the shifting networks of conflict and allegiance that characterized their fractious world. The aims of this study are threefold. The military efficacy of Western and Central European professional soldiers is assessed in an Eastern ii European context, problematizing the notion of Western military superiority in a time of alleged military revolution. -
Romanesque Architecture and Its Artistry in Central Europe, 900-1300
Romanesque Architecture and its Artistry in Central Europe, 900-1300 Romanesque Architecture and its Artistry in Central Europe, 900-1300: A Descriptive, Illustrated Analysis of the Style as it Pertains to Castle and Church Architecture By Herbert Schutz Romanesque Architecture and its Artistry in Central Europe, 900-1300: A Descriptive, Illustrated Analysis of the Style as it Pertains to Castle and Church Architecture, by Herbert Schutz This book first published 2011 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2011 by Herbert Schutz All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-2658-8, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-2658-7 To Barbara TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ..................................................................................... ix List of Maps........................................................................................... xxxv Acknowledgements ............................................................................. xxxvii Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Chapter One................................................................................................ -
Allfatherparadox Preview.Pdf
VIKINGVERSE: The All Father Paradox Outland Entertainment | www.outlandentertainment.com Founder/Creative Director: Jeremy D. Mohler Editor-in-Chief: Alana Joli Abbott Publisher: Melanie R. Meadors Senior Editor: Gwendolyn Nix The characters and events portrayed in this book are fictitious or fictitious recreations of actual historical persons. Any similarity to real persons, living or dead, is coincidental and not intended by the authors unless otherwise specified. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review. Published by Outland Entertainment 5601 NW 25th Street Topeka KS, 66618 ISBN: 978-1-947659-52-0 Worldwide Rights Created in the United States of America Editor: Shannon Page Cover Illustration: Jeremy D. Mohler Cover Design and Interior Layout: STK•Kreations For my wife, who has Thiassi’s Eyes EXEGESIS I GOSFORTH, ENGLAND 2017 ELL, YOU TOOK YOUR TIME!” e roaring complaint was so unexpected that Churchwarden WMichaels dropped his freshly printed parish circulars. e gale swept them up and chased them across the churchyard, pink sheets apping between the moss-bound tombstones, like confetti at a gi- ant’s wedding. “Jesus!” Michaels scrabbled on the worn slate oor, preferring to salvage his photocopies over his dignity. ere was little hope of either. e coastal winds were merciless in winter and howled at the churchwarden in derision. He gave up and watched the last of his newsletters wing their way across the countryside to roost in far- distant hedgerows.