iiegmi Research (Private) Ltd ISSN: 0034-348X
Regmi Rese�..J'.! Series Year 15, No. 1 Kathmandu : .January 1983
Edited By Mahesh C. Regmi
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Content.§. � ·1. ..c11ort of the Constitution Committee, .� .D • 1 �-•50 ••• 1 ?. • lb·.--.: Rajopadhyayas of Kantipur ••• 10 J. ..:..holition of Levies, A.D. 1951 .... 11 !t. L<.:.nd .Allotments in Makwanpur ••c• 15
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R�gm:i:-.Research (Priv_ate) Ltd Lazimpat, Kathmandu, Nepal. Telephone : 16927
(For private study and research only, not meant for public ��1�, uistribution and display). Report of the Constitution Committee A'3,_D. 1950
(The full text of the 1948 Government of Nernl Act had been given in .flegxni Research Series, Year 2, No. 4, April 1, 1970. A l:)int session of the two chambers of the legislature L ratad by Prime Minister Mohan Shumshere Jung Bahadur Rana on Aswin 6, 2007 (September 22, 1950) •.Su bama Shum�ere Jung Bahadur Rana (not to be confused wi th the Nepal i C ongress leader of the same name) presented the following report on -that occasion on behalf of the Constitution Committee. The transl::1tion is based on the text of the report as given in Grishma i3ahadur Devkota, ;-Tepalako Rajanitika Darpan.§; (Poli.tical Mirror of Nepal}, Kathmandu: Keshav Chandra G::\utam, 2016 (A.D. 19Ex)), PP• 726-33). Las provided for :in A rticle 22 or the Act was inaugurated. His Highness the Prime Minister, in the capacity of acting Prime Minister·, constituted the Constitution Conunittee to ensure smooth and speedy op:::ration of the 1948 Government of Nepal Act proclaimed on January6, 2 1948. In fact, it was only after hi.s accession to power th'3at the Committee had begun full praparations to ensure the full implementation of provisions of the 1consti tutional law. This, is quite a new'3task·�'3 Difficulties may, •therefore, a.rise in persuading �gc).vernment. . o:ffices ancF courts to understand this law. Because o·r -'transport dif:ficulties, it may also. tak0 considerable · time to _send or receive ·repli.es in the course of correspondence witl1 thum. Some delay in accomplishing this task is thus inevitable. Nonethelass, this Committee has worked energetically to procure the required materials from district government headquarters, cesides initiating all such functions as it could perfo:r,ni d rectly from the capital. Because this is a great task that will hava a vital impact on the country as a whole, i H s Highness the Prime Minister has regularly held meetings of the M1nistercnd Commander-in-Clli.ef and · other authorities who are fully conversant with affairs of the state to supervise and uphold the measures initiated by this Committee� That is why the spadework undertaken b.Y. this Committee has been quick and sm ooth. His H jghness ,hc!:S ·'lilSo o�casional.ly associated with these m'3etings royal -, prrests and bharclar s who hav0 a good knowledge of the law • . This Comnittee first tu:rn;;Cl its attention to civil rights. It d�ems it imJ?erativ.:? for Nepal to follow the principles of the law relating to civil rights in force in other countries. Accordingly, it was necessary to lgate promu li:gislation gua'railteeing individual liperty, freedom of · assembly and as.soc iation; f re�dom ·of'3:. expression, and Press · fre�dom. · Alth:>ugh under the constitutional law, s:µch legislation soouJ.d b3 p,romulgatP.d by mid-April 1949. Even then, in- vi ew of the des 1-re of His Highness to grant civil :rights to' the cou ntrymen as- early as po ssi n0, aJ.1 the four ,taws·(gov0:rningindividual: liberty, freedom of assembly . �rrd association; , froed om of �xpression, and Press freedom) _ · . ·.;_'3 re ·p I'01i1ulga.terd in mid-Apri.1. 1948 itself, and enforced t:1.row-:-hout tis coµntr.r. ·I-can a ssure you that the laws 0 c:i:1raatceirig 1uridamental rights to the people are similar 2.
to th os e in fo rc e in other count ri ese. As fo r freedom ofe' r-,3lit;ion, it is ir.1p rop�� r uni even impo ssible forthis Committ,.::e to takG a.ny daci.sion on this-major issue so quickly, inasmuch: as Nepal remains tha only Hindu nation in the uorld who sG laws and cu stom s and usage are a.11 bas;;d on Hindui sm. .Jo r thi s reason, it has not taken any ster, in thi s regard no w. Indeed, i t does no t s eem necessarJ tci frrun o any 5pcci fic law in this regard, becaus e nol::ody i�1 thi s count rJ is pr,.1 vi;,;ntad from following his o wn relii;iou s bt�licf, and in:> r0vr,r, Nepal h[J.S always been immu rn.: :i...rorn r.�li;;ious strife.
It-is necess ary to makG provisions guarant0eing full legal ,:)quality a.ncl O}l)cl(4 tiou s jus tic e. Fo r tms pu :rpose, this Com1i1ittee conside rs th� opinion s of bo th tho ju stice giver an d. the justic o- roc oi Vtr Jssential. Acco rdi�gly i t h:J.s fo rmed a Gommittee com•..i;>rising chiefs of cou rt s. This bo dy has be8n di r�ct,36. to submit th rough thi s Committee a report containin� suggestions on how to guaran tee full legal -:;qualityan d cheap and qu ick justice to the count rymen. It no'\-1 s�ems de si r-.J.blc to consult tm public als o on this i s sue.
- Th::) Departm ant of Edu cation is fr8lo.ing a law g-.iaranteeing fred an d co mpulsory primary education. An announcement in this regard will bo made . .by thate_ department itself' as early as po ssibld. · ·· · ·
As far as t-h a ri ght to protec tion of privat.:: i) rope rty is concerned eve ry p,3rson in thi s country alr�ady enjoys it under current ln.w. If anyone is disposs essed of his prop.;rty y b ano thc� r person by unjus t means he can file a · suit at any courte. �/o r this reason, this Committee conside rs it unncc 0ssary to frame any n0w law or regulation in this regard. Th e reference in thu const:i,.tutional law to_th ee. ·. right t.) protection o f privat e property is adequatl.l.
As fo r the right to vote, av-e ryon� who has attained the prascrib::d ago will .axercisc it in elections to vill age and dis L,:;.�ict Panchayats, as w0ll as in el ec tions of spec ial repres.antati ves. . . I Afte r compl eting f1;1p.c tion-s r el8;ting i;o ci � '�j,gb.�s this Comrnit tee draft3d and enac ted the Village Pa.nchayat Act, the Panchayat Conrts Act ; the Town Panchayat Act, and the Di strict Pan chayat Ac t-and promulgated th.:m fo r enfo rc ;.in cn t all over th.a country. Rule s regarding elec tions were also framoi by this Co�tt�e. Inasr.1u ch as und8r tha n0.w Const itu ti.on Panchayats th13mscl.vc s cons-i_itu t0 el ec tion wa rds, it was nec essary toe. fram0 ti1.:se laws in the first place. Much tim•-;; was spnt e on thi� t::.i.sk. It has been accomplish ed DUch earlier thane. 2x1) ,_�c t,;d in Vii..:W of the d0sirc of H is ·Hi ghnass to bring thi s Consti·i:.ution into op �ration as early as po ssiblo. This v�ry yGar, �l;�, ction Offic.,:: rs wer� d-3Spatched to every district, to fo nn Panchayats. The se Election Officers were also re quired to explain the aims an d provisions of ti1cse laws to the p8ople, most of whom were igno rant of these provi sions. It, therefor�, re�ired considerabl e time to complete the fo nnation of Panchayats . This· ye ar, it has been po ssible to constitut e _only 158 Panchayatso_. No · arrange11ents could be madeo· to const:i,tute Panchayats in Juml a in view of th e remoteness of that area as well as of lack of time. It was not l)O Sosibl e to cons titu�e Panchayats in Rautahat dis trict also b:.)cr:i.usc cholera had broken ou t the re well bafo re th e commencernent of the election proce s·s. In order to ensu re - that these two areas too are rep re sent ed in the me8tin g to be held this year local go ve :rnment offices have been directc tl to assemble people and elec t one representative eac h. · It is propo sed to cons titute r.iore Panchayats an d to depute El ection Offic ers -to supervise the act iviti!3s of the P anchayat s fo nned thi s year.
The fo nnation of Panchayats i s auite a new tas1tc and this·ois the reason why it was not possible to consotitute r· an chayo.t s in the -exp ected mm1b er. Many peopl<:.� w0re igno rant of the moaning of the Panchayat sy stem. Fo rmation of Panchayats was tamp ered by transpo rt diffi cul ti .3s as well . At sorn-e places , the local people said that they c.li. d not need Pa.nchayat s , and that the existin g arran gen1t.,n ts should be retained. At a few plac es,· people asse rted t:1 at t:1ey cou1d not affoord to spend IIUch time attending Panchc1.yat meetings , and that Panchayat acti-vitie s would only mean additionaJ. in:!onvenience fo r them. People in r,orn;3 othe r di str�cts h <;1,ve passed and fo rwarded a resolu tion decl aring · t�at l,hey wil� b1:.! a"?le to �un Panchayats prop8rly only if tney are provided w:i.th assi stance by the gov� :rnmont as well as ��th educational facilities.
· _ Mo st of the Village Panchayat s wh_ich have alr8ady been con::::titu ted h::vs t aken interest mainly in judi cial function s. They do not s eem to be paying attentio n to devel 0p1i10n t function-s. On-::} or two areas are reuortad to have d0mand 1::d the fo rmation of Panchay at s. De11ands that caseos beyond. thGir juri sdiction be hiaard by Panchayats ha ve also b�:.:en made .
•. ·. The Town Panch;:,y a� o f Bhaktapu r and Lali tpur have started functioning acco rding to th (: law. They are p erfoormingo·· th eir duties · s atisfactorily. Wi th r0sp ect to the Town Panchayat of Kathmandu, howov1.Jr, the po sition is no t satisfacto ry !
A. municipal.i ty had be en cstablismd in Kathmandu in Vikra.ma 19?1 (A.D. 1914) . Th,: o bj ective was to hand o ver functions relatinog to sanitation and pu blic health in the c ap ital to a boar consi sting of el ec ted a s well as nominated r ep res enta ti ve s. Because citizens were no t prop•:;rly trained in this new fioald, adequate coop eration could hardly be 3xp ectecl from them. 'rhe raspon sibility for making a new arrangem ent thus fell on th,3 gove rrnnent . Th.:: Kathmandu municip�J.ity was then creat8d. Tha gov�rnmen t. had previously been di rectly rurming th e runicipality and sp endin;('bver 4.
Rs 1 50 000 on it eve1--y ybar. But inVikr ama 2004 (A.D. 947) the Prli'il1 O Hinis t�r CXllress 0d hi s de sire to framd a Consti1 tutioL whic h would enabl� th e p �oplo to t aka part in thG affairs of the stata. Accordingly, a Reforms Committee wa s· fonned. The Rc-;fo 1m s C'3ommi ttee fo'3rmed a provisional local autonom::>us iqsti tution consisting of el ected wembe sr in Katbna.11.du and persons nominat3d to �ssist and advise th em. Thi s institution was·autho rized to a Constitu tion for itself and submit it to th d Reform s CoL1miframettee , and function in th e r:: eantime in accord:mc1:! · with cu'3rrent lc.. .w Provi'3sions ·we rB madi� for the appointment of a Vi ce-Chainnan also from among the Gloct cd L1:.lllbars. Iiis signatu re was required in 3ver:, matter. However, on tl1e ground that th.:; institution was not functioning sati'3sfactorily , el �ven of the twenty-one elacted me:.nbers submitted their re�i gnations within nine months aft.;:;r the y had as sum.;;d office. '£he remaining ten members cont inu ed drafting the Constituti on of th e municipality'3. -Howev;er, six of tht::m qu it thc_i r ·pos ts on.a by• one-either 'on grounds of health or nre-occuuation with domest ic dutios. In the meantimo, the· Con�titution Committee fi nalized the draft of the •.rom1 Panchay2.t Act. Provision s were made to hold elections twice in all unrc:pra sented wa: rds, on ce b,;fo re thapro mulgation of theTown Panch ayat Act, and on co therenftGr. IIow�vor, nominations, were filed only r f om one ward. - As no bodypr esentod himself as a candidate in - · --; thes e 8.oc:tions , tho govemmont has d�cic;led to· nomin2.te'3. - memb0rs in accorclan'3co with tho Panchayat Rulas so as to run the affairs of' th� -municip ality until fri.3sh 0l 0ctions • The Kathmandu 'rown Panchayat has- started functioning from thi s year with a total mGIDbership of 1 of whom ten ara no minated and flve al ectGd. The Town Pan5,cha yat Act prohibits ari incumbont gov,; 1nm0nt employee from being elaCt3d to a Town Panchayat. How�ver, inasmuch as government cmployei3S ·also have b�en dl-3cted from th,d r wards befo re the promul gation of this 13.w, it 'WOUld. be unfair to - deprive them of an oppo'3rtunity to work as -mJnbcrs o:f tho Town Panchayat. Acco rdingly, provision s have been mad0 wh 0reby on�- third of the m81Ilbi.:rs of the Town Panchayat Will relinquish thair•posts \jviary y;.:iar,'3- and it has also been dacidadJ>thatt': gove'3rnm.Jnt ,:::mploy03s , who aro :r11 '.:mibers of tre'3to,wn Pan.chayat should bo th(; first_to relinqu i sh thei r posts in th o first year. As ·regards s-peci al rep_r
In ac co rdance. with th e el ection rul es, the rema.im.ng two c:andidates were de cl ared el ected. Ourte achin g commu·nity . has don;;} well to ai·rive at a consensu s on this issue, refraining from indu:J.. ging in qu·arre]. , as· is usual in the course of electionse.
Birt[owneers an ,1 j imidars too should act in the s am e sp irit.-N owhere have people t1 med up to regi ster tl1ei r names and only four candidatas fil ed th ei r nominations from l1ie Haya Muluk regi on and one from Kathmandu befo re the last date fo.r filing ·applic ations . Under th:a Cons titution, elections can ba !10ld only after ascertainin g wheth er such cam.i d.at es are eli::,ible to contest elections and become members. That i s why it has not been possible to secu re th e p resenc e of su ch sp ecial rep re sen tatives in tJ1,3 p resen;t meeting . El ections · will be held shortly , andnext time this ward too will S8nd its rep re sentative .
On behalf of th e merchant corr:.'Iiu ni ty, . only on3 p erson has so far come fo rward wi.t h a nomination pap ;;;r. nl;) has been chosen to rep're·s ant this community . Recently , some p ersons had eexp ressed their opinion that prominent raercha11ts snouiit. be nominat(..>d directly. 'Thi s _Committee, how�ve r, exp ressed,. tbe view that el ection is better than direct appointrn:.::nt by the· gove rnment .
Government employees are requ ired to elact one sp ecial rep res Gn tative from among themselves. Acco rdingly , arran gements have b.3en made fo r the election of on� rep re sentative by civil servant s. A.t p r�sent, most of the nominat0_d r.1�rnbers belong to the army . - · It i s no t therefore nece.ssary fo r the army to have an. add.i.. tional sp acial rep re sent ative. It has already sacu red a duepla c c.
The following p u �sons have been nominated to sit in the fi rst mc,eting o f thi s fi rst Parl iament : -Bharadar.t- Sa bha- 1. Mini ster andCormnander-in- Chief ••• Chair-.na n 2. Commanding G�'.Il eral (East em &2cto r) ••• 3. do. { Sou the rn Secto r) • •• do . 4. Genez-,d.l Narayan Shu mshare J .eB. · Rana • • • do •
5. Lt.· General &l.ra Shumsheera J.eB. R. • • • do. 6_. Maj or-General . Basant Shum shere J .B.R. • •• do • 7. Ma.j o !'-General • • • Brahma Shumsbore .J .B.R� . I do . 8. - M�JOcI'-Gen�ral. Nal'a Qlum shere J. B. R. • •• do. 6.
9. Maj or-General Sharada Shui-11 shere J.B. R. • •• do • 1 O • Maj or-Cfene ral Arun Shumshere .J.B.R. • • • do • 11. Gu 1u raj Vishwa Raj Panditju • • • do • 12. Lt� General Ram Shumshere J. B.R. • • • do • 13. Major-General · Megha,raj Shumsh ere J.B. R. • • • do • 14. Lt. Colonel Parthiv Shumshere ,l . B. R.'3... do. 15. Brigadi er-Colonel Jhul a1dra i B kram Rana • • • do • 16. Sahebj u Shamlim Bikram Shah • •• do • 17. Raja Gehendra.·.Bahadur Shah • • • ·do • 18. Cha·itaria Bahadur Shah • • • do • 19. Gu1u Pu rohit Janak Raj • • • do • 20.'an u Cbhatra Nath ••• do • 21. Bad.a Kaj i Ratnarnan • • • do • 22. Bri gadier-Colonel Indra :Sahadur Karki • • • do • 23. Lt� Colonel Ved BahadurKha tri • • • do •
24. Sardar Som Prasad ••• do • ,25. Pandi t Lekha Nath • • • 26. Sardar N arendra Mani .... . Acharya Dikshit • • • do•. Rasht ra Sabha 1. CorJmanding-G8neral ( we·s tem Sector) ••• Chai'3nnan 2. General Hari Shuzn shere J.B.R. • • • 1-f�mber 3. Ge1v:· r:il P rachanda Shumshere J. B. R. ••• do • 4. Lt. General Ekaraj Shum shere J. B•. R. • • • do • 5. Maj or-Gen eral Mrigendra Shumshere J .'3B. R...... - do. ?.
6. Major-Genera·l Arjun Shum shere J. B. R. • •• do. ? • l'[ajor-Gen.eral Laman Shumshere J. B. R. • •• 8. Maj"o r..- Gen eral Vij aya Shuµishe re J. B. R. • •a• do. Lt. Colo1,1�l 9. Subarna Shum shere J. B. R. • •• do . 10. Lt .· Colonel fua1--a.t Shum shere J.B. R. • •• do . 1 1 . Guru:raj Nayan Raj Pandiatju ••a• do. 12. Hajor-GeneraJ.. Nir Shl.1JI1�erc J,.B. R. ••• do .• 13. Majo:r.;:Captain Balakrishna:.: Shums her� J.B. R. • • • do • 11{. _ t.t�-- �+��t: ') Jthap ga ·Narsingh Rana • • • do . 15. 3rigadier Colonal Sobhag Jung Thapa � .. do. 16. Lt". Colonel Sure ndra Ba.hadu r Shah • • • do • 17. Lt. Colonel Ya8nya Bahadur Basnet ••• ·do. 18. Saraar Man Bahadur . ·-. do • 19. Sa�ar Gunja i.-fon Singh ••a• a>� fhrdar Kris.l:ina Bahadur • •• ao. �l . ·rlir, Sub�>Upen dra Pu rush • • • · do . t> .;���·-l"}.·:_: \:} Y�- _:·.'��?I·�,"P . ( Bara-Parsa). 7. Shiv-a Dutt Panjyar . " ' �· .. . 8. Kewal Chaudhari ( Rau·tahat) 9. • •• (Mahott��J 10 . Raj E::1d ra - Singh ( Sar1ahi) 11. fudh Bikram Pantha Chhetr.i. ( Saptari) 12. Shiva Dayal ·Sahu (Si raha) 13. Hari Narayan ·•Sahu ( Morang -Jhap_a) 14. lliim Bahadu1-.. ·N���:_. 1�)a· ·· c·wist _) . - >-�:, 1 ,c �- r_':: r ,, h 15. Devi Bahadur Kanwar Chetri (West No �- 2) 16. Ri shiram Sedhai (West No� 3) 1 9. Sa1�ta Man Shrt,stha (West No . 4) . 18. Ehavcndra Raj.. Paudel (�alp a) 19. Rana Bahadur. Gharti (Gulmi) 20 . • • • ( Salyan) 21a. Gin Raj. Upadhyaya · (Pyuth�). - . : f: ·��--�t-': 22. • •• (Dailekh),·, 23. • • • (Dandeldhu.ra) 24. ·•... (Doti) 25 . (Baitadi) ..... �,._·:, . ·; ;,,..·. . �...-�-· . 26. ·.• .. (JumJ,.a) 27 . Indra Bahadur J osh1 ( Chi sapani) 28. Laxmi Narayan Qlrestha (Palhi-Ha jhkhand) 29 . Gaya Prasad Shah- · (Kha.jahax1i-Seuraj) ·30 . - ..•- ,; (Kailali-K anchanpur) . I 31 . Krishna 'Jopal Tandon ( Banke- Ba rdiya) 32. Krishna Prasad (Kathmandu Town Panchayat) 33. I shu ari_ Prasad lli.mal· · ( Ehaktapur) 34 . lliah 011.t Govind H9-rij angam (Lalitpu r Town Panchayat) · 35 . • • • ( Bi.rgun j Town Panchayat) , Sp ecial Representatives of Different Classes Shankar Dev P.ant ..a. ) (Teachers) Pu'tnae;Pras ada. B;-ah�� ( lili;i�:i�;. :·Sll��-iik� --:• _---. (Me rchant community) Prof. lliava Nath (Civil s 1�rvants) • •• (Jimidars) ••• (Workers) • Bhavendra Raj Pa.udel of Pal.pa has requested that he be grant,::d 15 days rmoa e to enable him to reach Kathmandu after vi siting his home . I t is not yet known he w ther rep rescntativds are arriving from Sa1yan , · Dail ekl1, Dotia, Dang.�;I-dhura, Baitadi , .Juml a and Kailali-Kanchanpu r. Pe:Ihaps they _are on their way ,to Kathmandu . Mohotta ri has not been aql�c;�.Q � dtJd its representative because some locaJ. Pradhan p·rmc;lias:hav.e :gone out •o:f theirdistr ict, and s�c others are ill. Measures are -·und0 r way to constitut -:-; a to;Wn �, · · · · · · · Pan chayat in Bi r nj ,. · gu "_ , Your Highn�ss, we are fortunate ,that this·l egisl ative s a s en hly has been set,,... up so imp ressively,· · allQ._.. within such a sh9c_�_)_t,1)Jle. · _a _ _:****�*-· 10. Th e Rajonadhyayas of Kantipur By Hari shankarananda Rimal. Rajop ( adhyaya) ("Kantipuraka Rajopadhyaya," Janmabhumi Weekly, Poush 11, 19-82; Decemh:;r 26 , 1982)r. Phirkep Villag e in Nuwakot area, located to the· we st of Kathman du ,is the ancest ral village of thre RimalUp adhyrayasr. In 881 Vikrama , Ka.ntipu r (then named Simhakalpanagara)r_ and · Lhasa (Tibet) ma.int ained fri endly relationsr. They had religiours and c onnn ;!rcial contacts ·with each oth0r, and the re by e st abli shed influ unc e over ea.ch other. That was why all religiou s ceremoni 0s wer� p:rfonncrl at .that time by Gulilajus ( Vaj racharyas) ac co rding to Tant ri c ri. tes •.. From . th e first day (Prat ipada) of the bright .half�of the month of Kartik\ 1 1037 Vi1{rrama, "Lt 'I'ibetr' s in..:.u ence in Nepal st artt3d waning , and the li ap al era wa, s indiated in Nepal on that date. On th e ninth day of the bright half· of the month of Foush, 138o Vik rama (4lf.4 Nepal era) , King Nanyadeva of Kamatalca, app r0ll ending vain sion by &tltan Ghi yasuddin o f Dclhi , llk)Ved into N01?alV all ey throu gh Bihar and Simralll'lagarh along with hi s entir� family , his courtiers, and· priest �, aild Ka nauj• Brahmc:.in s balong Lig to ,·the Bh aradwaja clan . He brou ght with him the idol of Taleju Bhawani , and then settl �d in Bhaktapurr. All. asa Raj and Ullasa R aj, who had a c co mpanied Nanyadey�� . �ettlroo. at Nh ainkantala Tole in Kantipurr. It was preci'sely at th2t time that pro:eagation of Hindu religion started in Nepal Vallay. In 1358 Vikrama (457 Nepal era)r, Ri.m:al Brahmans migrat �d from Phirk_l�p (Nuwakot) to ·Kantipu r and began p arfo r1td.ng religiou s ritu als. In 1 670 Vikrama (733 Nepal. era)r, during the rol e of P ratap a Malla , Pandit Sahasrashivananda. Rimal adhyay Up a discove red the idol. o f Chatu rbahu Narayan .. . whil ·3 b;:.,thing at the conflu.ance of. th e Vi shnum ati and the Rudram ati:r, and install ed it at Ichangur. · A bag of blackgrram brought to the Hanumandhoka Pal.ace from an •.:} astern ai--aa in· 1679 Vik rama (752 Nepal era) was found to contain on';; mai ze seed•r ._K ing P rat apa : Mall a· took thi s as a portent of famine, �nd summoned Pandit Sahasra- Shivananda Rimal.r. With his 1:�1p , he organirzed a _va11:nr1; t(),: w,ard off _th� ap pr,:;h (ndad famine. Prat apa Malla wilt a house for th0 same Pandit at Indrachok and. named it Brahmapurra. Lat'.::r, he gi fted it to the Pandit throu gh vedie '·ntas. - . In 1 831 Vik rama { 804 N epal era) King F ratapa .Simha Sla.h Dev was initiat"'d into t h e dik sh a by K irtijwal ananda Upadhyayar. of Lal itpur. He th en gav� K i rtijwal ananda Upadhyaya. the titl ij of Rajopadhyaya. When Ra.jendrar· Laxmi Shah, �een of Kin� Rana Bahad� r Shah, di.;d of small-poxon Slravan 2, 181+2 V1krrcUI1a ( 814 N ap al era) , the Rimals residin::; at Indrachok were dispo ssess�� of thai r entire prop�rty•r . ijow�v3r, Dhriti , an umarri cd daught �r of the Rim al family , manag.Jd to save ht:r propt;;rty , which, Shelate r handed over to RimaJ.s. 11 •e . Wo began to uso th e hono rieficti tle of Rajop idh yaya after it was conferr::;d on us by King Pratapa Simhae, Sha.ll D�v. In 1948 Vil{rama (921 l:-La·p al era) Prime Mini st er L;handra Shum shere gave us the titl e of "Deu bhaju" in plac e of Rajop adhyaya, and made s::iparat o l .;.:g.:::l provi sions for us. M embdrs of the - Rimal fauily still use Raj op adhyaya Deubhaj u , Sharma, etc · as thei1· suernames. Abolit:... o.n of Levt g14 A.De� 1951 Tha !?arshan- Bh et, IDa- I:het, F'atte-Mubar�, SaJ ,,.ni , and oth.;r levies were _ab::>lished with effect from Bhadra 1, 2008 (Auegust 16, 195.1). NepaJ. Gazette, Vol . 1, Noe. 9, Aswin 15, _ 2008 (October 1 1 195'1). · 1. The Da,rsh an- Bhpt L13yy ( 1) Royal order to Subedar Rlo tu, Su-b edar Mahabista, and Subedar Ahiman Ibkati • • • • Coll'.:::ct thee Darshan- Ihe,1:. levy from military p drsonnel ( stationed in -Doti) at the rat e of fou r rupee� each •• . · FaJ.gun Badi 11 1854 (February 1798j Rcgmi Reseai--ch Co-llection , vol. 23, p. 29 3. � ::.-: Ii��i.vade- at th;_ To sakhana on Bai sakh &tdi·? , 1887 (April 1830) . _eth�ugh· Kaji Bakht war .Simha Thapath e S\Ull of Ho(lar Rupees 714 beirtg ?,-ncome.fro m �he Darsh.sm- Ehet, collected from the thre e companie s stat;oned at Palpa. Re gmi Research C olle9tion, vol . 44, p . 1 4.- /'. ' . . .. ·- ·.-:t .· -••-··-· -•...... -�� .- { 3) A!� ·oro-er ·was ismi�d on Chaitra SUdi 1 , 1907 (March 1851) p re scribing that t.h e Darshan- Bhe� levy s.hould. not be collacted from military employ ees who were .trans ferred 'to the same o r to a lower pay-scale in anoth-.;r comp any . The lsvy was thereafter coll ected only from employeees at the time of thci.r appointment or promotion. Regmi. Re search Collection, vol . 81 , . pp •. 89-90 • 12. · :· .· (4) Apn ortionm0nt. qf· Darshan..:::�t Revenues, 1916 .VikrqII1,a CA°.� . 1e59) His Maj est y Rs 8 Ex-King Raj endra · Rs 6 Princ a T railol(ya Rs 4 H•3r l1faj �st y th 0 'l'hi rd Queen'3. ( Bada Maharani) Rs 8 Her Maj esty the Youngest Queen Rs 8 H.R.H. the Crow.a Princess Rs 4 H .R.H'3. the Second Prince (Sahebju) Rs 2 H::;r Haj �sty the Se.n.io r Queen Rs 2- Hor lvi�_j estY:_ t�G ;rµnio r Queen. · Rs ... 2 Rs 44 (High- ranking civil and milita ry officers thus pa;ld Rs 44 each. Th e rat es W\:� re di1ffer'3nt for· -0ffie3rs ·and ·• -- � employ�es of junio r rank s; payments coll �ctqd from· them wore appropri c:..t ·..rl exclusively by His Ma j .;:sty. Rcigmi &:se arch Collection , vol. 16 , P• 39 2. . . (5) Primu Mj_nist.;.ir Bhima Shumsh ere Jung Bahadur Rana• s Order to thu JagirPh ant (Jagir Division) of tht:Pah ad Bandobast Adda (Hill R� sion Land Administration Offic8)'3. "B�causo H ..\r Maj vst y thu Third Queen-Moth;:�r has di ed , and H. R.H. the: ·Inird Princess and H.R.H. tha Youngest Roy al Princc;;.ss 1Js have .hJ0n born, the existing arrangements for th.a ap po rtionment of th.J pro.c eeds of th e Darshan-Bhet and th� Tikabh.Qt levies haYe bcien aoolishoo. , and the foll owing arran�fments introduc�d, with effect from the Vikramay� ar 1900 {A.D . 1929)'3. OJ.q Schedule Darsh - Ihot Tika'3bh� . ffss . Rs HisMaj �sty 8 4 H0r Majesty tho Queen Moth�r 8 2 H ... ,r Haj usty the S'3cond Quecm Mother 5 1 H�r Maj l:sty th1.J &:nio r Queen 8 2 H.:;r Maj usty th � Junior Quaen 7 1 H-.R�H . th.J Crown Prince 4 1 13. H .R.H . the S .:!cond P rin ccss 2 1 H •R.H. th� Third P ri.nc 0ss 2 1 H .RJ.ta. the .Y oungost Princ .}SS (Daughter of His latoMaj -�sty) 2 1 H • R.H• the Eld .... st ri· P nc oss 2 1 H.R.H• the Youn.g..:st Princ ess 2 1 Rs .50 Rs 16 Darshan Bh� Tikabhet lts1 Rs His Majausty 8 4 Hor i1ajt:!sty thG Qu�en Mothera· 8 2 Hur Majesty' '· th� ·senior Qu·.1on· '·''· "-·: 8 1 .,i H�,r l•iaj 1;3sty th� Junior Queen 8 1 H.R.H. th l;) Crown Prince 4 1 H.R.H . th\J S,::cond Princ o 2 1 H. R.H . th� Third Prince 2 1 II.R. H • the Young :Jst P rinc cs s {Daught .:::r of Hi s late Maj esty) 2 1 E:.R�I I. the Eld0st P rincoss 2 1. R. R.H. the S·�:cond P'I'inc �s s 2 1 H-.R.H. the ThirdP rincoss 2 1 H_. R.H . the Youpg.;S� P_ �I1 C1; SS 2 1 Rs 50 · Rs 16 Pou sh 8, 1985 (D1:.:c .;m. b�r :23, 19r?_8) Rugmi Ros�arch Colloction,, voi . 1·�, pp ·. 20- 22, · �� ·� 14. 2. The Tikabhet T, evx The_'r ikabhet levy was offered by toP-rank ing civil and military officers to the King, the Qu een, and the Crown Princ e at the time of the Dashain festival : �.s!J2hll..Payments Descrip:t:,io� Amount Commander-in-Chief Rs 16 Commanding General s, Generals, Majors, etc. Rs 12c· Others Rs 3 Th� levy was apportioned as followsc: 'l'otal Fsyment His Majesu _ �x-King Raj ent;m Prince Trailokya Rs 16 Rs 8 Rs 4 Rs 4 Rs 12 Rs 4 Rs 4 Rs 4 1 1 R. 1 Rs 3 R. R. .. Regmi Re search Coll ection, vol. 16, p·. 398. F'2.. ttemubarak Le� 3. The Tho tE!nn Fattemubarak is de rived from the Parsian tenns fatah (victory) and mu barak (felicit ations). The levy was offer&d to the King by toP-ranlcing dignitarias at the time of the Indraj at rc.;. ft::stival commecrrorat :ing ·King .Pr�thvi Na:rayan Shah'cs conquest of Kathmandu in A.D . 1 ?68 . The list of such paym0nts , in th� �arly year�, after King Suraqdra 1 s accession to th:;: throna, was as follo\t/S : · · �attallilll>arakh Paymant·s, A,D.' .1.§iQ Designation &t� or fa:yment Conunande r- in-Chi df Rs 8 Commai."lding and othdr Colonels, Chautariyas , Kaj1s, Beyal. Prie sts ,c. Sardars,- etcc. Rs 2 Oth•.; r mi litary officers, Subbas, Talr saris, and N ,;;p al.1 murchants trading in 'rib;_)t R� 1 R� gmi Resoarch Coll!tion, vol. 16, p. 397. 15. 'r he Se:uami levy was collected on behalf of the Rana Pric-1e Nini ster at the time of appointment , t rans fer, and p romotion, as well as in the month of Shrawan each year. Ina smuch 3.s mid-yl::ar transfers and p romotions involved multiple payments du ring :the same year, regulations wel;'e enfo :reed in A.D. 1919 prescribing that the Salami levy need not ba p aid more thc:n once a year. The rat es were as . follows fo r milit ary employees : --Rank Lieu-te·nant and above· :sows r ranks upto pr·ivat e (Stpahi) R. 1 Pipa, banadar (other ranks) 50 paisa. (Jangi Bali Ta.lab Sawal· (H6gulations of the Anny Pay O ffice), A swin 2?, 1976 (October 13, 1919)o, sec . 1. Regmi. Research Collectio n, volo. 16, p. 29. ****** Dittha Ku 'tler Upadhy ay a sub:nitted the followin g pet ition ta Kathmandu : i1A revenu e settl�ment had baen conducted in the 1-iadi area of Makwanpur in the Vikrama year 1911 ( A .D . 1854) . In thJ cou rse of that settlement , ooth good and b ad l ands had been allotted to the local p�asants under the raibandi system The peasants then cul tivatad their allotment s and paid th�ir rent s accordingly. . nAt present, s�varal peasants hav e' ·vacated th ;Ur allotments, while s .avaral othe:i.... S hav e shi ft ed to 0th.er areas . P uasant s _cultivating adj oining holdin gs are not willing to take up such vacant allotraunts; which , consequently , have� remained uncultivat ed. I hav� been · compelled to make rent payments on those vacant all otments myself. Such pa;JIOOnts annunted to Rs 30 in the Viltrama year 1913, Rs 50 in 1914, and Rs 44 in 1 915 . I sh all go bankrupt if I continue to make rent payments on t�e vacant allotr.-1ents personally. I am , therefo re, _ unable .any long.;:,r to dios charge tha functions of a .Jimma\@l,o.o" The goverrunent then issued the fo llowin g order in the nam8 of peasants cultivating rice-lands (khet) in th0 Madi area of Makwanpu r : "Lands assigned to the arm�r must not ba left uneul ti vat ed. With effect from the Vikrama year 1916 , all vacant lands in the area shall be roallotted to the local peasants in proportion to tho si za of t:'1-3ir own allotments. 'rh uy rm1 st then cultivate the ad:litiona+ areas allotted to than in this manner. In cas e you' cultivate only good. lands, l,:;;aving inferio r lanus uncultivated, the concG.rn Jd peasant shall be held personally lic1.bl.. � fo r paym ent of rents on the uncultivated lands. Chait ra Sudi 10, 1915 (March 1859) Regmi Rosoarch Coll ectiona, vol . 81 , pp . 6 39-4o. *******************