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For Release June 26, 2014 for Further Information on This NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE JUNE 26, 2014 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT: Michael Dimock, Vice President, Research Carroll Doherty, Director of Political Research Jocelyn Kiley, Associate Director, Research Vidya Krishnamurthy, Communications Director 202.419.4372 www.pewresearch.org RECOMMENDED CITATION: Pew Research Center, June, 2014, “Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology” www.pewresearch.org About This Report This is the second report of a multi-part series based on a national survey of 10,013 adults nationwide, conducted January 23-March 16, 2014 by the Pew Research Center. The survey, funded in part through grants from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and supported by the generosity of Don C. and Jeane M. Bertsch, is aimed at understanding the nature and scope of political polarization in the American public, and how it interrelates with government, society and people’s personal lives. Principal Researchers Michael Dimock, Vice President, Research Jocelyn Kiley, Associate Director, Research Scott Keeter, Director of Survey Research Carroll Doherty, Director of Political Research Alec Tyson, Senior Researcher Research Team Graphic Design Juliana Menasce Horowitz, Associate Director Jessica Schillinger, Information Graphics Designer Kyley McGeeney, Research Methodologist Diana Yoo, Art Director Rob Suls, Research Associate Interactives Jeffrey Gottfried, Research Associate Danielle Gewurz, Research Analyst Adam Nekola, Web Developer Seth Motel, Research Analyst Russell Heimlich, Web Developer Matt Frei, Research Assistant Publishing Meredith Dost, Research Assistant Hannah Fingerhut, Research Intern Michael Suh, Web Production Coordinator Colleagues from across the Pew Research Center contributed greatly to the development and execution of this research series. We would especially like to thank Alan Murray, Paul Taylor, Michael Piccorossi, Vidya Krishnamurthy, Claudia Deane, Sara Goo, Bruce Drake, Andrea Caumont, Elizabeth Mueller Gross, Amy Mitchell, Lee Rainie and Cary Funk for their methodological and editorial contributions. Above all, we want to thank Andy Kohut, our founding director, for his wisdom and guidance, and for building this institution and inventing the political typology 27 years ago. Douglas Steinley of the University of Missouri provided invaluable help with the cluster analysis that created the political typology. We also benefited from methodological assistance from staff at Abt SRBI, which collected the data (Charles DiSogra, Courtney Kennedy, Mark Schulman, Chintan www.pewresearch.org Turakhia, Dean Williams), and from Jim Bell, Kyley McGeeney and Steve Schwarzer of the Pew Research Center. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world. It does not take policy positions. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. The center studies U.S. politics and policy views; media and journalism; internet and technology; religion and public life; Hispanic trends; global attitudes and U.S. social and demo- graphic trends. All of the center’s reports are available at www.pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Alan Murray, President Michael Dimock, Vice President, Research Elizabeth Mueller Gross, Vice President Paul Taylor, Executive Vice President, Special Projects Andrew Kohut, Founding Director Managing Directors Jim Bell, Director of International Survey Research Alan Cooperman, Director, Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project Claudia Deane, Director, Research Practices Carroll Doherty, Director, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press Scott Keeter, Director of Survey Research Vidya Krishnamurthy, Communications Director Mark Hugo Lopez, Director of Hispanic Research Amy Mitchell, Director of Journalism Research Kim Parker, Director of Social Trends Lee Rainie, Director, Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project Richard Wike, Director of Global Attitudes © Pew Research Center 2015 www.pewresearch.org Table of Contents Overview 1 Section 1: The Political Typology, Identity and Attitudes 15 Descriptions of the typology groups and their ideological consistency; partisanship; recent voting preferences; opinions about compromise; views of the parties, Tea Party and political figures Section 2: Views of the Nation, the Constitution and Government 33 Future of the country; American Exceptionalism; constitutional interpretation;core American values; trust in government; role of government Section 3: Fairness of the Economic System, Views of the Poor and the Social Safety Net 41 Economic fairness; attitudes about business, Wall Street, aid to the poor, individual success Section 4: Views on Immigration and Race 47 Immigration policy, racial equality, affirmative action Section 5: Views on Religion, the Bible, Evolution and Social Issues 53 Belief in God, Biblical interpretation, evolution; views on homosexuality, same-sex marriage, abortion, family and marriage, Islam Section 6: Foreign Affairs, Terrorism and Privacy 61 Activism in world affairs, military strength, privacy and the NSA, free trade, relationship with China Section 7: Global Warming, Environment and Energy 69 Global warming, environmental regulation, energy priorities, Keystone XL pipeline, Section 8: Health Care, Marijuana, Common Core, Other Domestic Issues 75 Affordable Care Act, Social Security, marijuana, gun policy, Common Core, gambling Section 9: Patriotism, Personal Traits, Lifestyles and Demographics 81 Section 10: Political Participation, Interest and Knowledge 93 Appendix 1: Typology Group Profiles 99 Appendix 2: About the Political Typology 115 Appendix 3: About the Surveys 123 Appendix 4: Survey Toplines 131 www.pewresearch.org www.pewresearch.org 1 Overview Even in an increasingly Red vs. Blue nation, the public’s political attitudes and values come in many shades and hues. Partisan polarization – the vast and growing gap between Republicans and Democrats – is a The 2014 Political Typology: defining feature of politics today. But beyond Polarized Wings, a Diverse Middle the ideological wings, which make up a Percent of … General Regist. Politically minority of the public, the political landscape public voters engaged includes a center that is large and diverse, % % % unified by frustration with politics and little The Partisan Anchors 36 43 57 else. As a result, both parties face formidable ● Steadfast Conservatives 12 15 19 challenges in reaching beyond their bases to Socially conservative populists appeal to the middle of the electorate and build ● Business Conservatives 10 12 17 Pro-Wall Street, pro-immigrant sustainable coalitions. ● Solid Liberals 15 17 21 Liberal across-the-board The latest Pew Research Center political Less Partisan, Less Predictable 54 57 43 typology, which sorts voters into cohesive ● Young Outsiders 14 15 11 groups based on their attitudes and values, Conservative views on government, not social issues provides a field guide for this constantly ● Hard-Pressed Skeptics 13 13 9 changing landscape. Before reading further, Financially stressed and take our quiz to see where you fit in the pessimistic typology ● Next Generation Left 12 13 11 Young, liberal on social issues, less so on social safety net The new typology has eight groups: Three are ● Faith and Family Left 15 16 12 strongly ideological, highly politically engaged Racially diverse and religious and overwhelmingly partisan – two on the right ● Bystanders 10 0 0 Young, diverse, on the 100 100 100 and one on the left. Steadfast sidelines of politics Conservatives are staunch critics of N 10,013 7,999 4,767 government and the social safety net and are 2014 Political Typology. Figures may not add to 100% because of very socially conservative. Business rounding. The politically engaged are registered to vote, closely follow public affairs and say they always or nearly always vote. Conservatives share Steadfast Conservatives’ PEW RESEARCH CENTER preference for limited government, but differ in their support for Wall Street and business, as well as immigration reform. And Business Conservatives are far more moderate on social issues than are Steadfast Conservatives. 2 At the other end of the spectrum, Solid Liberals express liberal attitudes across almost every realm – government, the economy and business and foreign policy, as well as on race, homosexuality and abortion – and are reliable and loyal Democratic voters. Taken together, these three groups form the electoral base of the Democratic and Republican Parties, and their influence on American politics is strong. While Solid Liberals, Steadfast Conservatives and Business Conservatives collectively make up only 36% of the American public, they represent 43% of registered voters and fully 57% of the more politically engaged segment of the American public: those who regularly vote and routinely follow government and public affairs. The other typology groups are less partisan, less predictable and have little in common with each other or the groups at either end of the political spectrum. The one thing they do share is that they are less engaged politically than the groups on the right or left. Young Outsiders lean Republican but do not have a strong allegiance to the Republican Party; in fact they tend to dislike both political
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