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Herbert Spencer Theory Pdf Herbert spencer theory pdf Continue English philosopher and political theorist For other people named Herbert Spencer, see Herbert Spencer (disambigation). Herbert SpencerSpenser aged 73Born (1820-04-27)27 April 1820Derby, Derbyshire, EnglandDied8 December 1903 (1903-12-08) (age 83) Brighton, Sussex, EnglandNationalityBritishEr19th century philosophyRegionalWestern philosophyClassic liberalismMaine interestsEvolution, positivism, non-intervention, utilitarianismSocial DarwinismAcrity of the most adapted influences of Aristotle, Charles Darwin, Auguste Conta, John Stuart Mill, George Henry Lewis, Jean-Baptiste Lamarque, Thomas Henry Huxley influence Charles Darwin, Henry Sijwick, William Graham Sumner, Murray Rothbard, Emile Durkheim, Henri Bergson, Jorge Luis Borges, Jack London Signature Part of the series on liberalism History of the Enlightenment List of liberal theorists (contribution to liberal theory) Democratic capitalism Economic liberalism Freedom of the Press Freedom of Speech Freedom Of Speech Principle Equality Men Principle Internationalism Laissez-faire Freedom Market Economy Natural and Legal Rights Negative/Positive Freedoms Principle Non-Aggression Open Society Permissive Society Private Property Rule of the Rule of The Church and the State Social Contract Welfare of Public Schools Thought Anarcho-Capitalism Classic Liberalism Left Liberalism Liberalism-Libertarian Conservative liberalism Democratic liberalism Green liberalism Liberal autocracy Liberal Catholicism Liberal conservatism Liberal feminism Liberal feminism Liberal internationalism Liberal Internationalism Liberal Socialism Liberal Democracy Muscle Democracy Muscle Liberalism National liberalism Ordoliberalism Radical centrism Religious liberalism Christian Islamic secular liberalism Social liberalism Technological liberalism The third way Whiggism People Acton Alain Alberdi Alembert Arnold Aron Badawi Barante Bastiat Bentam Beveridge Bobbyo Brentano Burke Berk Speck Cassirer Chicherin Chu Chidenius Clinton Cobden Collingdud Condorquette Constant Crocto Dauco Dahrendorf Deco Dickens Dider Dong Ouer Dvorkin Einaudi Emerson Estwas Flach Friedman Galbraith Garrison George Gladstone Gobetti Gomez Grey Green G. Hayzek Herbert Hobbs Hobbs Hobson Holbach Hu Humboldt Jefferson Jubani Cant Kelsen Kemal Keynes Corais Corais Corice Lamartina Larr Le Locke Lufty Macaulay Madariaga Madison Martino Masani Michele Mill (father) Mill (son) Milton Migues Molteno Mommsen Money Montalembert Montesquier Mora Muffe Naorgi Nauffand Nussbaum Obama Olin Ortega Payne Pyne Paughter Price Priestley Prieto Cin ramirez Ratenu Rawls Raz Renan Renuvier Ricardo Ropke Rorty Rosmini Russo Ruggiero Sarmiento Say Saint Count Shaftesbury Shklar Sidney Sies sismondi Smith Soto Polar Spencer Spinoza Stael Sumner Tahtavi Tau Thierry Torbeke Toro Tokkeville Tracy Troelch Turgot Villemain Voltaire Ward Weber Wollstonecraft zambrano organization Africa Liberal Network Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party Arab Liberal Federation Council asian liberals and democrats of the European Liberal Youth European Party for Individual Freedom International Alliance Libertarian Party International Federation Liberal Liberal Liberal International Liberal Network for Latin America Liberal Party Liberal Network Regional Options Europe Latin America Armenia Australia Australia Belgium Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria China China Chile Croatia Cyprus Czech Land Denmark Egypt Estonia Finland Greece Greece Land Iceland India Italy Italy Latvia Latvia Macedonia Mexico in the media Liberalism portal Politics portalvte Herbert Spencer (April 27, 1820 - December 8, 1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, and sociologist known for his theory of social Darwinism which superior physical forces forms history. Spencer coined the expression survival of the fittest, which he coined in the principles of biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. This term convincingly suggests natural selection, but Spencer saw evolution as stretching in the field of sociology and ethics, so he also supported lamarcism. Spencer developed an all-inclusive view of evolution as a progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, human culture, and societies. As a polymath, he contributed to a wide range of subjects including ethics, religion, anthropology, economics, political theory, philosophy, literature, astronomy, biology, sociology and psychology. During his lifetime he achieved great authority, mainly in English-speaking scientific circles. The only English philosopher who achieved anything like this was Bertrand Russell, and that was in the 20th century. Spencer was the most famous European intellectual in the last decades of the nineteenth century, but his influence declined sharply after 1900: Who now reads Spencer? asked Talcott Parsons 1937. On April 27, 1820, Jenf Spencer, son of William George Spencer (usually called George), was born in Derby, England. Father Spencer was a religious dissenter who moved from Methodism to quakerism, and who seems to have handed over to his son opposition to all forms of power. He ran a school based on the progressive teaching methods of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and served as secretary of the Derby Philosophical Society, a scientific society founded in 1783 by Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles Darwin. Spencer was educated in empirical science from his father, while members of the Derby Philosophical Society introduced him to pre-Darwinian concepts of biological evolution, notably Erasmus Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarque. His uncle, the Rev. Thomas Spencer, vicar of Hinton Charterhouse near Bath, completed Spencer's limited formal education, teaching him mathematics and physics, and enough Latin to translate some simple texts. Thomas Spencer also captured his nephew's own free-trade firm and anti-statistics political views. Otherwise, Spencer was an autodidact who acquired most of his knowledge from narrowly oriented readings and conversations with his friends and acquaintances. As a young man, both as a teenager and a young man, it was difficult for Spencer to accept any intellectual or professional discipline. He worked as a civil engineer during the rail boom in the late 1830s, and devoted much of his time to writing for provincial magazines that were nonconformist in their religion and radicalized in their policies. From 1848 to 1853 he worked as a sub-editor in The Economist's free trade journal, during which he published his first book, Social Static (1851), which predicted that humanity would eventually become fully adapted to the demands of life in society followed by the withering state. His publisher, John Chapman, introduced Spencer to his salon, which was attended by many of the capital's leading radical and progressive thinkers, including John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martino, George Henry Lewis and Mary Ann Evans (George Eliot), with whom he was briefly romantically associated. Spencer himself introduced biologist Thomas Henry Huxley, who later became known as the Bulldog of Darwin and who remained his lifelong friend. However, it was Evans and Lewis's friendship that introduced him to Jon Stewart Mill's Logic System and Auguste Comte's positivism and set him on the road to the work of his life. He strongly disagrees with Comte. The first fruit of his friendship with Evans and Lewis was Spencer's second book, Principles of Psychology, published in 1855, which examined the physiological basis of psychology. was based on the fundamental assumption that the human mind is subject to natural laws and that they can be discovered within the framework of general biology. This allowed us to take perspective of development not only in terms of personality (as in traditional psychology), but also in species and race. Through this paradigm, Spencer seeks to reconcile the eytonistic psychology of Mill's logic, the notion that the human mind was built from atomic sensations held together by the laws of the association of ideas, with apparently more scientific theory of phenology, which located specific mental functions in specific parts of the brain. Spencer argued that both theories were a partial account of the truth: repetitive associations of ideas were embodied in the formation of specific strands of brain tissue, and they could be passed down from generation to generation through the Lamarque use-inheritance mechanism. Psychology, in his opinion, will do for the human mind what Isaac Newton did on matter. However, the book was not initially successful, and the last of 251 copies of its first edition was only sold in June 1861. Spencer's interest in psychology stems from a more fundamental problem, which is to establish the universality of natural law. Like other members of his generation, including members of Chapman's salon, he was obsessed with demonstrating that it is possible to show that everything in the universe, including human culture, language and morality, can be explained by the laws of universal power. This contrasted with the opinion of many theologians of the time, who insisted that certain parts of creation, in particular the human soul, were outside the realm of scientific research. The Positism philosophy was written to demonstrate the universality of natural law, and Spencer had to follow the Count on the scale of his ambitions. However, Spencer differed from the Count, believing that it was possible to open a single law of
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