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Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Second Edition
RASC Observing Committee Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Second Edition Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Welcome to the Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Program. This program is designed to provide the observer with a well-rounded introduction to the night sky visible from North America. Using this observing program is an excellent way to gain knowledge and experience in astronomy. Experienced observers find that a planned observing session results in a more satisfying and interesting experience. This program will help introduce you to amateur astronomy and prepare you for other more challenging certificate programs such as the Messier and Finest NGC. The program covers the full range of astronomical objects. Here is a summary: Observing Objective Requirement Available Constellations and Bright Stars 12 24 The Moon 16 32 Solar System 5 10 Deep Sky Objects 12 24 Double Stars 10 20 Total 55 110 In each category a choice of objects is provided so that you can begin the certificate at any time of the year. In order to receive your certificate you need to observe a total of 55 of the 110 objects available. Here is a summary of some of the abbreviations used in this program Instrument V – Visual (unaided eye) B – Binocular T – Telescope V/B - Visual/Binocular B/T - Binocular/Telescope Season Season when the object can be best seen in the evening sky between dusk. and midnight. Objects may also be seen in other seasons. Description Brief description of the target object, its common name and other details. Cons Constellation where object can be found (if applicable) BOG Ref Refers to corresponding references in the RASC’s The Beginner’s Observing Guide highlighting this object. -
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 101:229-243, March 1989
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 101:229-243, March 1989 PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC Vol. 101 March 1989 No. 637 THE FORMATION OF LOW-MASS STARS* BRUCE A. WILKING Department of Physics, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 Received 1988 December 24 ABSTRACT The global and individual aspects of low-mass (SK < 3 SKq) star formation which have been revealed by visible to millimeter wavelength observations will be reviewed. Optical studies have been able to infer many of these global properties which include the fact that most low-mass stars originate in clouds which produce gravitationally unbound Τ associations. However, direct study of the formation and evolution of low-mass stars necessitates infrared and millimeter-wave techniques which can probe the optically opaque dust in the cloud and circumstellar environment. These techniques have revealed large collections of dust-embedded young stellar objects associated with the densest regions of molecular clouds. More recently, the IRAS survey has enabled several comprehensive infrared studies of these low-mass populations in nearby clouds; the results of studies in the Taurus-Auriga and ρ Ophiuchi molecular cloud complexes will be discussed. The individual properties of young stellar objects, such as their bolometric luminosities and evolution- ary states, can be inferred by modeling their 1-100 μιη spectral energy distributions, A proposed evolutionary sequence for the various classes of spectral energy distributions observed for low-mass stars will be described. Direct study of the distribution of circumstellar gas and dust demands high-resolution techniques. Several of these techniques and their contributions to our understand- ing of low-mass star formation will be discussed with particular attention to recent results from millimeter-wave interferometry. -
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Brightest Cluster Galaxies1
Astronomical Journal, accepted for publication HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING OF BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES1 Seppo Laine2, Roeland P. van der Marel Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 Tod R. Lauer National Optical Astronomy Observatories, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 Marc Postman, Christopher P. O’Dea Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 and Frazer N. Owen National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801 ABSTRACT 1Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with proposal #8683. 2Present address: SIRTF Science Center, California Institute of Technology, 220-6, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 –2– We used the HST WFPC2 to obtain I-band images of the centers of 81 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), drawn from a volume-limited sample of nearby BCGs. The images show a rich variety of morphological features, including multiple or double nuclei, dust, stellar disks, point source nuclei, and central surface brightness depressions. High resolution surface brightness profiles could be inferred for 60 galaxies. Of those, 88% have well-resolved cores. The relationship between core size and galaxy luminosity for BCGs is indistinguishable from that of Faber et al. (1997, hereafter F97) for galaxies within the same luminosity range. However, the core sizes of the most luminous BCGs fall below the extrapolation of the F97 relationship r L1.15. -
00E the Construction of the Universe Symphony
The basic construction of the Universe Symphony. There are 30 asterisms (Suites) in the Universe Symphony. I divided the asterisms into 15 groups. The asterisms in the same group, lay close to each other. Asterisms!! in Constellation!Stars!Objects nearby 01 The W!!!Cassiopeia!!Segin !!!!!!!Ruchbah !!!!!!!Marj !!!!!!!Schedar !!!!!!!Caph !!!!!!!!!Sailboat Cluster !!!!!!!!!Gamma Cassiopeia Nebula !!!!!!!!!NGC 129 !!!!!!!!!M 103 !!!!!!!!!NGC 637 !!!!!!!!!NGC 654 !!!!!!!!!NGC 659 !!!!!!!!!PacMan Nebula !!!!!!!!!Owl Cluster !!!!!!!!!NGC 663 Asterisms!! in Constellation!Stars!!Objects nearby 02 Northern Fly!!Aries!!!41 Arietis !!!!!!!39 Arietis!!! !!!!!!!35 Arietis !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1056 02 Whale’s Head!!Cetus!! ! Menkar !!!!!!!Lambda Ceti! !!!!!!!Mu Ceti !!!!!!!Xi2 Ceti !!!!!!!Kaffalijidhma !!!!!!!!!!IC 302 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 990 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1024 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1026 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1070 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1085 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1107 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1137 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1143 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1144 !!!!!!!!!!NGC 1153 Asterisms!! in Constellation Stars!!Objects nearby 03 Hyades!!!Taurus! Aldebaran !!!!!! Theta 2 Tauri !!!!!! Gamma Tauri !!!!!! Delta 1 Tauri !!!!!! Epsilon Tauri !!!!!!!!!Struve’s Lost Nebula !!!!!!!!!Hind’s Variable Nebula !!!!!!!!!IC 374 03 Kids!!!Auriga! Almaaz !!!!!! Hoedus II !!!!!! Hoedus I !!!!!!!!!The Kite Cluster !!!!!!!!!IC 397 03 Pleiades!! ! Taurus! Pleione (Seven Sisters)!! ! ! Atlas !!!!!! Alcyone !!!!!! Merope !!!!!! Electra !!!!!! Celaeno !!!!!! Taygeta !!!!!! Asterope !!!!!! Maia !!!!!!!!!Maia Nebula !!!!!!!!!Merope Nebula !!!!!!!!!Merope -
The Fundamentals of Stargazing Sky Tours South
The Fundamentals of Stargazing Sky Tours South 01 – The March Sky Copyright © 2014-2016 Mintaka Publishing Inc. www.CosmicPursuits.com -2- The Constellation Orion Let’s begin the tours of the deep-southern sky with the most famous and unmistakable constellation in the heavens, Orion, which will serve as a guide for other bright constellations in the southern late-summer sky. Head outdoors around 8 or 9 p.m. on an evening in early March, and turn towards the north. If you can’t find north, you can ask someone else, or get a small inexpensive compass, or use the GPS in your smartphone or tablet. But you need to face at least generally northward before you can proceed. You will also need a good unobstructed view of the sky in the north, so you may need to get away from structures and trees and so on. The bright stars of the constellation Orion (in this map, south is up and east is to the right) And bring a pair of binoculars if you have them, though they are not necessary for this tour. Fundamentals of Stargazing -3- Now that you’re facing north with a good view of a clear sky, make a 1/8th of a turn to your left. Now you are facing northwest, more or less. Turn your gaze upward about halfway to the point directly overhead. Look for three bright stars in a tidy line. They span a patch of sky about as wide as your three middle fingers held at arm’s length. This is the “belt” of the constellation Orion. -
Arxiv:1908.04649V1 [Astro-Ph.SR] 13 Aug 2019 of a Circumstellar Disk) Or from the Inside (In Case of a Depth and the Grain Size Distribution (Birnstiel Et Al
Draft version August 14, 2019 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62 Resolved ALMA continuum image of the circumbinary ring and circumstellar disks in the L1551 IRS 5 system Fernando Cruz-Saenz´ de Miera,1 Agnes´ Kosp´ al,´ 1, 2 Peter´ Abrah´ am,´ 1 Hauyu Baobab Liu,3 and Michihiro Takami3 1Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Mikl´os´ut15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary 2Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany 3Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C. (Accepted August 9, 2019) Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Letters ABSTRACT L1551 IRS 5 is a FUor-like object located in the Taurus star forming region. We present ALMA 1.3 mm continuum observations using a wide range of baselines. The observations recovered the two circumstellar disks composing the system and, for the first time, resolved the circumbinary ring. We determined the geometry and estimated lower mass limits for the circumstellar disks using simple models. We calculated lower limits for the total mass of both circumstellar disks. After subtracting the two circumstellar disk models from the image, the residuals show a clearly resolved circumbinary ring. Using a radiative transfer model, we show that geometrical effects can explain some of the brightness asymmetries found in the ring. The remaining features are interpreted as enhancements in the dust density. Keywords: stars: pre-main sequence | circumstellar matter | stars: individual(L1551 IRS 5) 1. INTRODUCTION may feed material to circumstellar disks, helping planet Stellar multiplicity is widespread: although the mul- formation (Dutrey et al. -
The Denver Observer January 2017
The Denver JANUARY 2017 OBSERVER The Crab Nebula, M1, in Taurus. A huge supernova remnant, it’s visible even in small telescopes, and featured in this month’s “Skies.” Image © Jon Martin JANUARY SKIES by Zachary Singer Before anything else, warmest wishes to my predecessor, Dennis “back side” of its orbit (from our point of view), narrowing its angle Cochran, who’s moved to warmer climes in Southern California… He from the Sun as it heads towards a superior conjunction on March 6th. wrote this column for eight years, a record I’m nowhere near matching. Venus is now a spectacular and unmistakable evening object in the Clear skies to you! —Zach Singer (See the story in “DAS News,” p. 3.) western sky, glowing bright at magnitudes from -4.3 to -4.6 as January progresses. Unlike Mercury, Venus is catching up to us in its orbit, and The Solar System will appear increasingly large this month—its roughly half-illuminated Mercury starts the new year about 9° west of the Sun, its relatively disk grows from 22” to 31”. (Next month, it will appear more crescent- dim, +2.7-magnitude crescent just barely above the horizon a half-hour shaped and larger, expanding to roughly 50” by early March.) before sunrise—though the planet is then comparatively close to Earth, As for Mars, well… we see mostly its shadowed side. As the planet sweeps away from us, It’s now in the western Sky Calendar th toward maximum elongation on the 19 , its illuminated area widens to sky, about 20° above 5 First-Quarter Moon th a curving crescent; on the 7 , the planet will be much brighter at mag- Venus in the south- 12 Full Moon nitude +0.6, and almost western sky as the year In the Observer 19 Last-Quarter Moon 9° above the southeastern begins, and only 5½° 27 New Moon horizon 30 minutes before from its showier coun- President’s Message . -
ALABAMA University Libraries
THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA University Libraries Seeing Galaxies through Thick and Thin. I. Optical Measures in Overlapping Galaxies Raymond E. White III – University of Alabama William C. Keel – University of Alabama Christopher J. Conselice – University of Chicago Deposited 09/18/2018 Citation of published version: White III, R., Keel, W., Conselice, C. (2000): Seeing Galaxies through Thick and Thin. I. Optical Measures in Overlapping Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal, 542(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/317011 © 2000. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 542:761È778, 2000 October 20 ( 2000. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. SEEING GALAXIES THROUGH THICK AND THIN. I. OPTICAL OPACITY MEASURES IN OVERLAPPING GALAXIES1 RAYMOND E. WHITE III2,3,4 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771; and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324 WILLIAM C. KEEL2,3,4 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324 AND CHRISTOPHER J. CONSELICE3,5,6 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Received 2000 April 28; accepted 2000 May 24 ABSTRACT We describe the use of partially overlapping galaxies to provide direct measurements of the e†ective absorption in galaxy disks, independent of assumptions about internal disk structure. The non- overlapping parts of the galaxies and symmetry considerations are used to reconstruct, via di†erential photometry, how much background galaxy light is lost in passing through the foreground disks. Exten- sive catalog searches and follow-up imaging yield D15È25 nearby galaxy pairs suitable for varying degrees of our analysis; 11 of the best such examples are presented here. -
Extrasolar Planets and Their Host Stars
Kaspar von Braun & Tabetha S. Boyajian Extrasolar Planets and Their Host Stars July 25, 2017 arXiv:1707.07405v1 [astro-ph.EP] 24 Jul 2017 Springer Preface In astronomy or indeed any collaborative environment, it pays to figure out with whom one can work well. From existing projects or simply conversations, research ideas appear, are developed, take shape, sometimes take a detour into some un- expected directions, often need to be refocused, are sometimes divided up and/or distributed among collaborators, and are (hopefully) published. After a number of these cycles repeat, something bigger may be born, all of which one then tries to simultaneously fit into one’s head for what feels like a challenging amount of time. That was certainly the case a long time ago when writing a PhD dissertation. Since then, there have been postdoctoral fellowships and appointments, permanent and adjunct positions, and former, current, and future collaborators. And yet, con- versations spawn research ideas, which take many different turns and may divide up into a multitude of approaches or related or perhaps unrelated subjects. Again, one had better figure out with whom one likes to work. And again, in the process of writing this Brief, one needs create something bigger by focusing the relevant pieces of work into one (hopefully) coherent manuscript. It is an honor, a privi- lege, an amazing experience, and simply a lot of fun to be and have been working with all the people who have had an influence on our work and thereby on this book. To quote the late and great Jim Croce: ”If you dig it, do it. -
Antares-Code – Reflection of the Stellar Nations
Antares-Code © – Reflection of the Stellar Nations Name Anchoring of the Stellar portals Stellar Nation Date of Birth 17. 08. 2006 04:47 pm The Stellar Nation of the Unicorn The Stellar Nation of the Angels The Stellar Nation of the Winged Lion The Stellar Nation of the Cosmic Humans Zuben Elgenubi/Kif elorum 28°59´ Gemma/Alphecca 12°23´ Acrux 1 fa Australis 15°1 1°58´ Markeb/Kappa V Zavigava/Zavijava 27°16´ 1°25´ Labrum/Delta Crateris 26°47´ 1´ Zosma 1 Regulus 29°55´ 7°22´ 111 11°32´ 1°32´1°32´1°32´ 26°53´ Acubens/Sertan 13°44´ 26°53´26°53´ 26°53´26°53´ 16°15´ Rasalhague 22°33´ 16°15´16°15´16°15´16°15´ 8°58´ 8°58´8°58´8°58´ Praesepe (M44 Beehive Cluster) 4°05´4°05´4°05´ 24°36´24°36´24°36´ Nushaba/Alnasl 1°21´ 16°09´16°09´16°09´ 24°09´24°09´24°09´ 10°17´ 9 8 10°17´10°17´10°17´ X 3°00´3°00´ 5°53´5°53´5°53´ 3°00´3°00´ 11 VII Canopus 15°10´ Caput Sagittarii/Xi1,2 Sagittarii 13°30´ 13°16´ 12 6 Sirius A 14°10´ Vega/Wega 15°25´ 1 5 IV 23°35´ 2 3 Alnitak 24°47´ 7°17´7°17´7°17´ 5°17´ 1°35´ 14°114°114°1 Meissa 23°48´ 1´1´ 14°09´ 1´1´ 18°14´18°14´18°14´ Alnilam 23°33´ 15°03´ 19°16´19°16´19°16´ Mintaka 22°27´ Capella 21°57´ 13°28´ 13°28´13°28´13°28´ Bellatrix 21°10´ 26°53´26°53´ 26°53´26°53´26°53´ Aldebaran 9°53´ Sadalmelik/Sadal Melik 3°27´ Fomalhaut/Formalhaut 3°57´ Antares-Code © – Reflection of the Stellar Nations Anchoring of the Stellar portals The Stellar Nation of the Unicorn / The Stellar Nation of the Angels / The Stellar Nation of the Winged Lion / The Stellar Nation of the Cosmic Humans Date of Birth 17. -
Star Name Identity SAO HD FK5 Magnitude Spectral Class Right Ascension Declination Alpheratz Alpha Andromedae 73765 358 1 2,06 B
Star Name Identity SAO HD FK5 Magnitude Spectral class Right ascension Declination Alpheratz Alpha Andromedae 73765 358 1 2,06 B8IVpMnHg 00h 08,388m 29° 05,433' Caph Beta Cassiopeiae 21133 432 2 2,27 F2III-IV 00h 09,178m 59° 08,983' Algenib Gamma Pegasi 91781 886 7 2,83 B2IV 00h 13,237m 15° 11,017' Ankaa Alpha Phoenicis 215093 2261 12 2,39 K0III 00h 26,283m - 42° 18,367' Schedar Alpha Cassiopeiae 21609 3712 21 2,23 K0IIIa 00h 40,508m 56° 32,233' Deneb Kaitos Beta Ceti 147420 4128 22 2,04 G9.5IIICH-1 00h 43,590m - 17° 59,200' Achird Eta Cassiopeiae 21732 4614 3,44 F9V+dM0 00h 49,100m 57° 48,950' Tsih Gamma Cassiopeiae 11482 5394 32 2,47 B0IVe 00h 56,708m 60° 43,000' Haratan Eta ceti 147632 6805 40 3,45 K1 01h 08,583m - 10° 10,933' Mirach Beta Andromedae 54471 6860 42 2,06 M0+IIIa 01h 09,732m 35° 37,233' Alpherg Eta Piscium 92484 9270 50 3,62 G8III 01h 13,483m 15° 20,750' Rukbah Delta Cassiopeiae 22268 8538 48 2,66 A5III-IV 01h 25,817m 60° 14,117' Achernar Alpha Eridani 232481 10144 54 0,46 B3Vpe 01h 37,715m - 57° 14,200' Baten Kaitos Zeta Ceti 148059 11353 62 3,74 K0IIIBa0.1 01h 51,460m - 10° 20,100' Mothallah Alpha Trianguli 74996 11443 64 3,41 F6IV 01h 53,082m 29° 34,733' Mesarthim Gamma Arietis 92681 11502 3,88 A1pSi 01h 53,530m 19° 17,617' Navi Epsilon Cassiopeiae 12031 11415 63 3,38 B3III 01h 54,395m 63° 40,200' Sheratan Beta Arietis 75012 11636 66 2,64 A5V 01h 54,640m 20° 48,483' Risha Alpha Piscium 110291 12447 3,79 A0pSiSr 02h 02,047m 02° 45,817' Almach Gamma Andromedae 37734 12533 73 2,26 K3-IIb 02h 03,900m 42° 19,783' Hamal Alpha -
The X-Ray Puzzle of the L1551 IRS 5 Jet
A&A 530, A123 (2011) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201016305 & c ESO 2011 Astrophysics The X-ray puzzle of the L1551 IRS 5 jet P. C. Schneider1, H. M. Günther2, and J. H. M. M. Schmitt1 1 Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany e-mail: [cschneider;jschmitt]@hs.uni-hamburg.de 2 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA, USA e-mail: [email protected] Received 13 December 2010 / Accepted 18 April 2011 ABSTRACT Protostars are actively accreting matter and they drive spectacular, dynamic outflows, which evolve on timescales of years. X-ray emission from these jets has been detected only in a few cases and little is known about its time evolution. We present a new Chandra observation of L1551 IRS 5’s jet in the context of all available X-ray data of this object. Specifically, we perform a spatially resolved spectral analysis of the X-ray emission and find that (a) the total X-ray luminosity is constant over almost one decade, (b) the majority of the X-rays appear to be always located close to the driving source, (c) there is a clear trend in the photon energy as a function of the distance to the driving source indicating that the plasma is cooler at larger distances and (d) the X-ray emission is located in a small volume which is unresolved perpendicular to the jet axis by Chandra. A comparison of our X-ray data of the L1551 IRS 5 jet both with models as well as X-ray observations of other protostellar jets shows that a base/standing shock is a likely and plausible explanation for the apparent constancy of the observed X-ray emission.