Annex 8 Responses for the Comments of Mekenajo-Dembidolo

RP759 IVOL. 1 IiISI)£SKAL,1lE:MOCRA'I'IC REI'IIH1,IC 01' ETHIOPIA

ETHlOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY I

Public Disclosure Authorized I Consultancy Sewices for I 1 Review of Feasibility Study, Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan, Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documents

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SPAN CONSU~TANTSPR~VATE L~M~TE~, New Delhi in Association with

Public Disclosure Authorized Beza Consulting Engineers, Ethiopia

Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental lmpact Assessment, - Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectives and Scope of the RAP 1.2 Methodology 1.3 The RAP Guideline Structure 1.4 Team composition for the preparation of RAP 2 Socio-economic condition of the Project Area 2.1 Location and Population 2.2 Land use and Livelihood 2.3 Social Services 3 Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework 3.1 The Constitution 3.2 Proclamation Number 45512005 3.3 Land Tenure and the Right of Way 3.4 Oromia Regional State land use and administration proclamation 3.5 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia 3.6 Ethiopian Roads Authority (Policy Framework) 3.7 The World Bank Operational Policies (OP4.12) 3.8 Institutional Framework 3.8.1 The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) 3.8.2 Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) 3.8.3 General Remarks on Legal, Policy and lnstitutional Issues 4 Potential Socio-economic Impacts of the Project 4.1 Description of the Project Area Socio-economic environment 4.1.1 Demographic Profile of the Project Affected Persons 4.1.2 Livelihood of the Project Affected Person 4.1.3 Educational Background of the Project Affected Person 4.1.4 Historical, Cultural and Religious Resources 4.1.5 Social Acceptability of the Project Road 4.2 Socio-economic Impacts of the Project 4.2.1 Social impacts in Urban and Rural Areas 4.2.1.1 lmpact of the project on houses and other structures 4.2.1.2 lmpact of the Project on Farmlands 4.2.1.3 lmpact of the project on Roadside Trees and Perennial Crops 4.3 Disruption to Services 4.4 lmpacts Associated with Ancillary Works 4.5 Impacts of the road on realigned sections 4.6 Assistance to Vulnerable groups and HIV/AIDS Pandemic 5 Eligibility Criteria 5.1 Groups 5.2 Criteria 5.3 Process 6 Methods of Valuing compensation for loss of houses and business 6.1 Principles for Compensation

Span Consultants ~nAssociation with I Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancv Services for Review of Feasibilitv Studv and Environmental lmoact Assessment. ~reparatio'of RAP & Review of Detailed ~ngineerin~Design and Tender document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading P~oject Final RAP Manual (Revised) 6.1.1 Compensation for loss of Houses 5 3 6.1.2 Compensation for Business 6.2 Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Farmlands 6.2.1 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Farmlands 6.2.2 Compensation for Temporary Loss of Farmlands 6.3 Compensation for Trees and Perennial Crops 6.4 Compensation for Affected Services 7 Organizational Procedures for Delivery of Entitlements 7.1 Compensation Committee 7.2 Proposed Implementation Schedule for the Compensation Process 7.3 Budget Requirement for Compensation Committee 8 Grievance Redress Mechanism 8.1 Arbitration Process 8.2 Grievance Process 8.3 General Process 9 RAP Implementation Cost 10 Monitoring and Evaluation 10.1 Responsible Authority 10.2 Objectives 10.3 Performance Monitoring of the RAP 10.4 Impact Monitoring of the RAP 11 Consultation with PAPS 12 The RAP Disclosure

-lSpan Consultants in Association with 11 Beza Consulting Engtneers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

LIST OF TABLES Table I: Key Data of the RAP Table 2: Occupational Stratifications of Project affected household heads Table 3: Number of Affected Houses by Category and Wereda Table 4: Entitlement Matrix for rural population Table 5: Entitlement matrix for urban population Table 6: Resettlement /Rehabilitation Budget Table 2.1 population of Wereda's connected by the road up grading Project Table 2.2 Population of Major Towns along the Road Table 2.3 Land Use Pattern by Wereda (2003-04) Table 2.4 Small scale Industries by Wereda (2003-04) Table 2.5 Schools by Wereda (2003-04) Table 2.6: Health lnstitutions by Wereda (2003-04) Table 2.7: Potable Water Supply coverage by Wereda (2003-04) Table 2.8: Road Network by Wereda (2003-04) Table 3-1: Comparison of WB Procedures and Ethiopian Legislations Table 4.1: Percentage of Affected Households Table 4.2: Ethnicity of PAPS Table 4.3: Religious Affiliation of PAPS Table 4.4: Number of households that will be affected both in rural-urban settlements Table 4.5: Number of Affected Houses by Category and Wereda Table 4.6: Summary table for impacted houses purposes a long the project Table 4.7: Temporary Land Requirements Table 4.8: Vulnerable groups members, PAP'S that would prefer assisted resettlement Table 6.1: Entitlement Matrix for urban population Table 6.2: Types of houses that will be affected by the road project Table 6.3: Partial and fully affected houses along the project Table 6.4: Compensation Rates for Affected Houses and Fences Table 6.5: Occupational Stratifications of project affected household heads Table 6.6: Compensation for affected businesses Table 6.7: Entitlement Matrix for rural population Table 6.8: Crop Yield/Ha for Five Years Table 6.9: Weighted Average Market Price of Quintal of Crops Table 6.10: Total Value of Production on Dispossessed Land Table 6.11: Trees and perennial crops to be affected Table 6.12: Net Present Values of Trees to be affected Table 6.13: Value of Compensation for Trees Table 6.14: The compensation estimates for Affected Services Table 7.1: Roles of lnstitutions for the implementation of the RAP (Town) Table 7.2: Role of lnstitutions for the implementation of the RAP (Rural) Table 7.3: Budget Requirement for Compensation Committee Table 9.1: ResettlementlRehabilitation Budget

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ANNEXES

Annex I: Term of Reference Annex 2: List of Persons/lnstitutions Contacted Annex 3: Socio- Economic Profile of the Project Affected Population Annex 4: Compensation Budget for Residential Houses, Business and Other Structures considering 2om of ROW in urban and 3om ROW in Rural Areas Annex 5: Minutes of Meeting with Local Authorities Annex 6: Structured Questioners Annex 7: List of Reference Materials Annex 8: Responses for the comments Annex g: Project Photos

Figures

Figure I Location map Figure 7.1 Synchronized Implementation Schedule Figure 7.2 Compositions of the Implementing Committees Figure 8.1 Project Affected Persons Grievance Resolution Channels

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

ADI-I Agricultural Development Led Industrialization CF Cash Flow CIS Corrugated Iron Sheet CS A Central Statistical Authority DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DMOs District Maintenance Offices EEPC Ethiopian Electric and Power Corporation EIA Environmental lmpact Assessment EMB Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch EPA Environmental Protection Authority ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority ESlA Environmental and Social lmpact Assessment FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FHH Female Headed Household GCRC Gross Current Replacement Cost Ha Hectare HCB Hollow Concrete Block H.H.H Household Heads H lV/Al DS Human Immune Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Km Kilometer MoFED - Ministry of Finance and Economic Development M 's Meters NA Not Available NGO Non-Governmental Organization N PV lVet Present Value OD Operational Directives OP Operational Procedures PAPS Project Affected Persons Qt Quintal RAP Resettlement Action Plan ROW Right of Way RSDP Road Sector Development SIA Social lmpact Assessment TOR Term Of Reference WB - World Bank

KEY Conce~ts 1 Affected Population 1 Groups of people who likely lose their physical or non physical assets 1 I like residential houses, working- places, productive land resources, 1 religious or cultural sites and social net-works due to the project. I Assessment 'The process of collecting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting and 1 1 I communicatine. data relevant for the ~re~arationof RAP. 1 I Auditing The process through which then provides an opportunity and mechanism to learn from the experience, correcting setbacks or to refrain project design and implementation procedures. 1 Compensation The payment in kind, cash or other assets given in exchange for the taking of land, or loss of other assets, including fixed assets there on in part or whole. Compensation payments incorporate transaction payments or assistances. ,: ,: 1 Compliance 1 To act in accordance with the rules and regulations set for the purpose.

Cut-off-Date I The date of commencement of the census of PAPSwithin the project. . area boundaries (ROW). This is the date on and beyond which any person who occupied land designated for the project use will not be 1 eligible for com~ensation. ) Development 1 The act of altering or modifying resources in order to obtain potential 1 1 benefits. 1 Could be physical, i.e, whether the affected people are required to relocate, or economic, where the impacts or loss of incomes forces the affected persons to move or to initiate alternative strategies for income restoration. Entitlement Range of measures comprising compensation, income restoration, transfer assistance, income substitution, relocation and other igprovisions depending on the nature of their losses to restore or Environmental The degree of change in an environment resulting from the effect of an activity on the environment, whether desirable or undesirable. Impacts may be the direct consequence of the project activities or mav be indirectlv caused bv them. Environmental Impact Assessment A process of examining the environmental consequences of the 1 project activities. I ~YaluatGn ( The process of weighting information, the act of making value 1 I judgments or ascribing values to data in order to reach decision. Expropriation ( An action of annihilating productive land or other assets by the government involuntarily for the project cause in compliance to its sovereigntv. 1 Host community Community residing in or near the area to which resettles are to be relocated I Impact The effect of an activity on use and property rights, assets, social networks and the environment whether desirable or undesirable. Impacts could be the direct consequences of the project or be 1 indirectly caused by a specific project. Income Restoration Restitution / giving backs of income generating activities to PAPS at 1 I 1 least eauivalent to their ,me-~roiect ., income level. 1 boluntary Resettlement I Project affected people who have no option but to give up their use 1

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t-TzGz+ ) A change that improves the quality of life, development endeavors, access to social services, transport facilities, access to resources etc. Rehabilitation Restoration of livelihoods and the environment to better or pre- I I oroiect level. I Rehabilitation Assistance The provision of development assistance in addition to compensation such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities, needed to enable project affected persons to improve their living standards, income earning capacity and production levels, or at least maintain them to pre- project level. Replacement cost The amount required to replace the asset in its existing condition. It 1 should be equal to the cost of constructing I purchasing a new I I y deductions for depreciation. - 1 Resettlement The entire process of relocation and rehabilitation Resettlement Assistance The means to ensure that project affected persons who may require physically relocated are provided with assistances such as moving allowances, residential housing constructions or rentals whichever is feasible and as required, for ease of resettlement during relocation. Resettlement Plan A time bound action plan with objectives, resettlement strategy, a budget, entitlements, actions, responsible bodies, time table and monitoring and evaluation. 1 Relocation 1 Rebuilding residential housing, working places and other assets 1 including productive land and public utilities to another location. Squatters & Encroachers Groups of people or individuals without legal titles to the land and I / structures occupied/used by them. The term 'squatters' is typically I used for those occupying structures for residential/commercial purposes, while 'encroachers' are those occupying land for agriculture. Vulnerable Group Group of people likely disproportionately I 1 The concept incorporates female headed households, the disabled, 1 1 1 marginalized ethnic groups, the aged, child headed households, I ( street children's and HIVIAIDS headed households. ]

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Executive Summary

Mekenajo - Dembidolo road project (181 km's) is located in the West Wellega zone of the Oromia National Regional state (Mapi - Project Location). The existing gravel surfaced road which is badly deteriorated is hampering transport development in the area, and is causing adverse health impacts and traffic accidents. There is very limited public transport along the Mekenajo - Dembidolo route mainly due to the sub-standard and bad conditions of the road.

The current development practices across the world are now giving due attention to the sociological and environmental issues. In line with these evolving practices the road development has now become one of the development sectors that gives due emphasis to the socio- environmental issues. Roads are now expected to be constructed with minimum disruption to the existing socio-economic and environmental status. The broad policy and legal frameworks at the international and national levels reflect such new thinking. The policy frameworks of multilateral organizations as the World Bank strongly support avoidance of major disruptions of livelihood situations due to development activities. Legal documents and policy frameworks in Ethiopia also clearly emphasis the need to minimize potential negative impacts related to development projects. If such impact is unavoidable project affected people shall be compensated and helped to restore their livelihood.

In line with the above premise preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is one way of ensuring fair compensation for project affected people so as to restore their livelihoods for better or at least to restore it to pre-project level. Accordingly, the present RAP is prepared to show the magnitude of displacement and dispossession of properties that would occur due to the up grading of Mekenajo- Dembidolo road. The RAP also shows the total amount of resources and organizational procedures required for the compensations and restoration of livelihoods.

Table I: Key Data of the RAP

1 ( Location

b. Zone -Western Wellega Zone 2 Road Length (km) -18ikm's Status -DS-4 Standard gravel road .3 4 Road functional classification -Trunk road 5 Proposed surfacing type -DBST 6 Number of project affected household heads -1519 , 7 Total number of project affected persons -8614 18 9 / Total residential houses and other buildings that will be partially ( -ioo(rural) and 1196 (urban). Total / affected 1 =1296 lo 1 Total public and government buildings to be affected partially and 1 -268 fully, (out of the total) 11 Total number of residences, shops and other buildings to be affected -1630 partially and fully 12 / TOGloss of agricultural strips of lands permanently 1 -276 hectares 13 1 Total loss of fruit bearing and non fruit bearing trees strips of lands 1 -14 hectares permanently - 14 Total loss of agricultural strips of lands temporarily -48.6 hectares 15 Total number of fruit bearing and non fruit bearing trees to be 30,245 - affected 16 Telephone line to be affected 2020 meters (45 poles) 17 Electric lines to be affected 4300 meters (96 poles) 18 Water pipes to be affected (2.5 and 3 inches) io27pieces (6162 meters) Source: Consultant Survey, 2006.

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The main objectives of preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan is: (a) to prevent or at least mitigate adverse impacts associated with the implementation of the road upgrading project, (b) to deliver entitlements to project affected people and support them to restore their livelihoods in line with the national legislations, ERA'S Resettlement Policy Framework and the World Bank policies (OP 4.12) and procedures (BP 4.12),(c) to maximize the involvement of the PAPS in all implementation of the project and, (d) to ensure that the standard of living of project affected people improved or at least restored to pre-project level.

In line with the overall requirements of the TOR, the broad objectives of the RAP study incorporates: Preparation of RAP for the proposed road project that includes budget for resettlement / rehabilitation activities along the route corridor so as to provide the Government and development partners, (i.e. Donors), with sufficient information about the likely impacts of the proposed road project on the existing socio-economic and ecological conditions of the project area to justify acceptance, modification or rejection of the proposed road project for further financing and implementation.

Methodology

For the purpose of preparation of this RAP the consultant adopted the following conventional Sociological and Social Anthropological methodologies. These incorporate: - (a) Desk study / Document review: In the process of desk studies, the consultant reviewed project documents and related literatures. (b) Field visits: Detailed visits and surveys had been conducted to collect first hand data on both positive and negative impacts of the project. (c) Public consultation: - This was done to procure information about public attitudes towards the project, to understand local knowledge's about grievance redressing mechanism, (conflict resolution mechanism), giving clarifications about the project and compensation payment procedures for the public. (d) Focused group discussions: - This has been done with groups of individuals whom represent group interests to collect data on cultural issues, the role of women in the society, division of labor, sources of income and to identify the positive and negative impacts of the project collectively to render mitigation measures. (e) Identification of key informants: These informants are knowledgeable about their environs, customary laws, traditions, religious observances, needs and aspiration of the community.

Socio-economic description of the Project area

Although the proposed road project expected to cover 181 km's, there is no major difference along the entire project immediate influence area in term of agricultural and other livelihood generating practices. Inhabitants are living in subsistence agricultural practices with limited off farm activities. Apart from the extensive peasant holding cereal productions like maize, sorghum, millet, barley, teff and wheat, cash crops like coffee, pepper and fruit productions (mangoes and banana) play big role in the local economy. Small-scale traditional irrigation is practiced in limited parts of the project area. The role of coffee production and processing is highly significant in the area.

Table 2: Occupational stratifications of project affected household heads.

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10 Civil servant 72 22 27 121 11 Student 12 1 10 23 12 Evangelist 5 0 1 6 13 Iron smith 1 1 1 3 14 Mechanic 1 1 2 A 15 1 Tanner 4 o o 4 16 ( Broker 1 o 2 3 1 l7 1 Driver 3- I 1 8 12 i8 I Artist 4 o o 4 19 Road work o 1 o 1 20 N.A 129 34 8 9 252 21 Total 766 176 577 1519 Source: -Consultant field survey, 2006

Project description and justification

The proposed road project is located in West Wellega zone of the Oromia National Regional state. The existing gravel surfaced road is badly deteriorated and is hampering transport development in the area and is the main cause of traffic accidents. There is a very limited public transport service along the route mainly due to the sub-standard and bad condition of the road. The areas traversed by the road have significant natural resource potential, populated and cultivated with high yield of agricultural products like coffee and cereals. Mineral resource potential is also available and rich in some of the Weredas (districts) like Yubdo and Gimbi.

Potential impacts and mitigation measures

The up-grading road project that covers 181 km's, with 3om of ROW in rural areas and 2om of ROW in urban areas likely incur negative impacts on residential houses, farmlands, fruit bearing and non fruit bearing trees and business installations along its corridors. Although it is temporary, the project impact will be felt also in possession of lands for the purpose of ancillary works. (Quarry sites, borrow pits, camps and detour roads). As to the consultant survey result, a total of 1519 households and institutions are likely affected by the proposed project. Out of this total 235 of them are female headed households and 1270 of them are male headed. Again out of the aforementioned total, 14 of them are government and non-government institutions. (For further details see section four of the manual)

Span Consultants in Association with 3 Beza Consulting Engineers Consuitancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) In urban areas, major impacts of the project will be on residential houses, social services and business installations. This condition may entail dislocations / relocations. In rural areas major impacts of the project will be on farmlands and cash crops. To mitigate adverse impacts of the project, a replacement cost approaches will be implemented for compensation payments. The RAP will show the total amount of resources and organizational procedures required for rehabilitation / restoration of livelihoods. A summary of the main findings of these adverse impacts are presented under table one above.

Positive and Negative impacts of the project

-the upgrading project expected to have both positive and negative impacts. To begin with its positive impacts, the project is expected to reduce vehicles operating costs, transport and time costs for passengers and freight, and improvement in the availability of motorized transport services. Moreover, the project is envisaged to create development impacts in facilitating socio-economic and cultural activities. In the long term the project is envisaged to change the quality of life of the people residing along the project influence area for better.

The following are some of the major positive impacts of the upgrading project:

Increase and improve trade and market facilities Timely provision of agricultural inputs Increase agricultural production in relation to availability of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other modern technologies. Help farmers to sell their productions at better prices. Facilitate conditions for the development of small scale business and enterprises Facilitate conditions for urban development's and easy population movements Facilitate conditions for the improvement of social services and amenities Help women in reducing workloads and time to travel to market places. Employment opportunities during and after construction Encourage local community members to be engaged on off farm activities. Increasingthe attractiveness of voluntary re- resettlements

The upgrading project may have the following negative impacts: Spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and HIV / AIDS Growth of squatters and uncontrolled settlements Noise disturbance specifically during construction Hazardous and waste materials dumping on farmlands, settlement areas, water points Pressure on local facilities and services Land acquisitions for the project and related activities Demolition of residential, commercial and institutional structures. Pressure on vegetative cover of the area

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However, these negative impacts could be minimized by employing appropriate mitigation measures.

Impacts on livelihoods and Housing

As it has been indicated above that the project with its 3om's of ROW in rural areas and 2om of ROW in urban areas likely incur socio-economic impacts. However, its impact varies depending on the proximity of the houses to the road alignment. In towns like Inango, where there is very little clearance between the road and the houses, the socio- economic impact of the road on house is higher. Moreover, the road is expected to be realigned at two specific localities (Ayra, 5.6Km's and RobCebeya, 7 Km's) and may have a considerable impact. The realignment of the road through the center of Ayra and RobCebeya towns will affect many houses, business centers and farmlands. The town of AlemTeferi is already connected by a narrow access road (2.4Km) and the impact of the project is a lesser one compared to the above mentioned ones.

Table 3: Number of Affected Houses by Category and Wereda*

Hawa Wolel 195 Seyo 10 3 13 147 18 165 157 21 178 Grand Total 303 31 334 1196 100 1296 iqgg 131 1630* Source: - Consultant Survey, 2006 *This total number is given for residential houses and other buildings not for the total number of households.

Entitlement Matrix

-the entitlement matrix procedure will define eligibility for compensation and / or rehabilitation assistance for impacts / losses for different types of assets for different categories of project affected persons. (I) For agricultural lands impacted temporarily, compensation payments will be endorsed for the lost income based on the average annual income secured for the last five years preceding expropriation multiplied by the number of years of impact. Affected lands will be restored to its original condition. (2) For agricultural lands impacted permanently, a land to land compensation (equal productive capacity) is desirable. If a substitute land of comparable productivity can be replaced to the landholder, compensation will be also done equal to the average annual income he / she secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. If this is target is not matched, compensation payments will be equivalent to ten times the average annual income of persons secured during the five years preceding expropriation. (3) For crops / trees the entitlement matrix will be based on

Span Consultants in Association w~th Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road Uoaradina Proiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) the value of the annual crops at current market price and the current and the discount future values of the trees affected. Compensation for annual crops will be based on the current market value of the estimated production that could have been harvested from the damaged crops. The compensation value of fruit trees and other trees shall be based on the current and net present value of the future benefits that could have been generated until a similar new tree comes to maturity. (4) Partially impacted residences, properties affected 25% and above will receive full compensation. Properties affected bellow 25% will receive partial compensation. Compensation payments may include inconvenience costs and other transactions to rebuild a similar or better residence in the remaining plot. (5) For partially affected business installations the matrix will be the same as above for the structure. Compensation for business shall be inclusive of additional payments for business disruption periods. (6) For fully affected residences, the entitlement matrix will be inclusive of land replacement for private holders, full compensation to rebuild a similar new house or better and displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the demolished house. Resident tenants from urban administration will be provided new residential or business structures at the same rental costs and an estimated annual rental cost for inconvenience and other transaction coasts. (7) The entitlement matrix for fully affected business will be inclusive of land to land compensation, full compensation to rebuild a similar or better structure, displacement /transition payments for disruption periods and transport cost.

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Table 4: Entitlement Matrix for Rural Population* Temporarily / Permanently Affected Type of loss Entitlements Category of Compensation for land & I Compensation for I Compensation for loss I Moving allowance I Other Assistances I PAPS structures loss of assets of income Own farmer Land permanently Full replacement of land with Crops on land, for Average annual income Mobility allowance Modem fming the same or better productive improvements made of the farmer secured that incorporates techniques' teaching potential & the title for the on land and land during the five years transportation cost for by extension workers permanently affected land. preparation for the preceding the land non fixed assets. and provisions of new harvest. expropriation for ten selected seeds and years. No if a substitute imputes.

land is given. -- Land Temporarily Restore land to its original Crops on land, for Average annual income Mobility allowance Reinstatement of the condition. improvements made of the farmer secured that incorporates land and modem on land and land during the five years transportation cost for 1 farming techniques. preparation for the preceding the land non fixed assets if new harvest. expropriation multiplied available. by the number of years of the impact. Partially impacted houses Costs to rebuild irestructure Replacement cost for Non for residential Shifting costs for no; & other structures the residence in similar or the lost assets during houses. For Business fixed assets. Removal better conditions in the demolishing & additional payments for of salvage materials remaining plot. Structures relocation. disruption periods. and debris. affected bellow 25% will be Multiplying the average considered as a partial monthly income of the impact. owners by the disruption and transition periods Fully impacted houses & Anew land with comparable 1 1 other structures location advantage and title I Compensation to rebuild a I Replacement cost for / Loss of income if there I Shifting th; lost assets & is a business installation. fixed assets. Removal social services like extension of social Non for residential of salvage materials electric city, potable services if available houses. and debris Crops /fruit & non fruit For annual crops it Valuation of fruit and Non Selected seeds bearing trees productive advantage. I shall be based on the 1 non fruit bearing trees I I high yield fruit trees. I

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current market price shall be based on the of the estimated current and net present production that could value of the future have been harvested benefits that could have from the damaged been generated until crop. similar new trees comes ( to maturity. Lease holder 1 Rental accommodation 1 Full replacement of land Crops on land, for 1 Refund the amount of 1 Shifting costs for non 1 equal or better productive improvements made money paid for the fixed assets, removal potential or Refund the on land and land remaining lease years. of salvage materials amount of money that covers preparation for the This amount takes into remaining years. new harvest consideration interest ( rates and inflation. Compensation amounts Replacement cost for 1 Additional . payments - for 1 Shifting- costs for non 1 Special attentions groups rental accommodation calculated as per above the lost asset the lost income as stated fixed assets, salvage from local officials, mentioned variables and the above will be done if materials and debris logistical support, title. they engaged in business based on their holding helping to restore activities titles. impacted properties and livelihoods. 10% additional payments. Encroacher's Land Costs to rebuild their lost Replacement cost for None Shifting costs for non asset and improvements lost assetlcrops. fixed assets, salvage made on land. materials. *Note: The compensation for affected rural residences is similar to the one stated to the urban population. As to the 1995 constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, there will not be a tenant farmer. This is strictly stipulated in article 40(3) of the constitution. In that "land shall not be subject to sale or other means of transfer"

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Tables: Entitlement Matrix for Urban Population Partially Affected Category of Type of loss Entitlements .z7- Compensation for land & I Compensation for / Compensation for loss 1 Moving allowance I Other Assistances structures 1 loss of assets 1 of income 1 I Business Non I owner Costs to rebuild/restructure Replacement cost of Additional payments for Shifting cost for non business premises within the the lost assets & disruption periods. fixed assets & removal remaining plot in a similar or extension of social Multiplying the average of salvage materials better condition. Structures services. monthly income of the affected bellow 25% is owners by the disruption partial impact. / and transition periods. Business ( Rental accommodation Provision 1 construction of Replacement cost of 1 Additional payments for Shifting cost for non Provisions of basic tenant comparable business the lost assets disruption periods. fixed assets. Removal social services like structure by the urban I Multiplying the average of salvage materials electric city, potable Kebele administration at the monthly income of the and debris will be water and access same rental cost & location tenants by disruption incorporated with the road if they advantages 1 and transition periods. costs of the transferred to another municipalities or location. Kebeles. Residence Structure Non -- -- I owner -7Costs to rebuild/restructure Replacement cost for N on I Shifting costs for non / 1 the residence in similar or the lost assets & fixed assets. Removal better conditions within the extension of social of salvage materials remaining plot. Structures services. and debris. affected bellow 25% is partial impact. -- Rental accommodation Provision~constructi~n of Replacement cost for Non Shifting costs for non Provision of social comparable or better houses the lost asset in times fixed assets. Removal services like electric for the tenants at the same of shifting. of salvage materials city, potable water, rental cost within the and debris shall be and access road if remaining plot or other incorporated with the they transferred to places that has location costs of the another location. advantages. municipalities or

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Fully Affected Categor Type of loss Entitlements of PAP: Compensation for land & Compensation for Compensation for loss Moving allowance Other Assistances structures loss of assets of income Business Land A new land comparable or Replacement cost Additional payments for Shifting cost for non Provision of basic I owner better advanta e lost assets during disruption periods. fixed assets, removal social services like -- Structures Costs to rebuild a similar or demolishing/relocati Multiplying the average of salvage materials & electric city, potable bbetter structure for the on & other monthly income of the debris water and access business. improvements done owners by the disruption roads. and transition periods. I I Business Rental accommodation Provision 1 construction of Replacement cost of Additional payments for Shifting cost for non Provision of basic comparable or better th; lost assets during disruption periods. fixed assets. Removal social services like business structure by the demolishing & Multiplying the average of salvage materials electric city, potable Kebele I urban relocation monthly income of the and debris water and access administration' at the same tenants by disruption incorporated with the roads. rental cost & location and transition periods. costs of the advantages municipalities I Kebeles, 1 I Residence I Land A new land comparable or owner better advantage ItsiiZF Costs to rebuild a new Replacementcostfor Non Shifting costs for non Provision of basic 1 I I residence in similar or better I the lost assets, & I I fixed assets. Removal I social services like I structures within the new improvements made of salvage materials electric city, potable plot. on land and and debris. water and access extension of social roads. services to the compound Residence Rental accommodation Provision/construction of Replacement cost for Non Shifting costs for non Provision of basic tenant comparable or better houses the lost asset during fixed assets. Removal social services like for the tenants within the demolishing and of salvage materials electric city, potable new plot that has location transfer. and debris included water and access advantages and social with costs of the roads. services. municipalities or

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Vulnerable Structures, business & I Provisions as per the type of Replacement cost for Additional payments for Shifting costs for non Special attentions groups the lost assets & title the lost income as stated fixed assets salvage from local officials, above if they engaged materials and debris logistical support, in business activities based on their holding helping to restore rights. impacted properties and livelihoods. 10% additional payments. -- ~p~ Squatters' Structures/Business Replacement cost for Payment for the Shifting costs for non structures that has been the lost asset during disturbed & transition fixed assets. served for residences or demolishing and period if they engaged business transfer. in business. -- Street vendors StructuresiBusiness Costs to rebuild their lost Replacement cost for Payments for the Shifting costs for non structure that has been served the lost asset during disturbed & transition fixed assets. for business. demolishing and period if they engaged transfer. in business.

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Legal framework

ERA is responsible for the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan and execution of compensation payments as per the guidelines set in ERAS Resettlement Policy Framework. The Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMB) and the Right of Way (ROW) branch are directly responsible for reviewing, monitoring, and implementation of the RAP. EMB is also responsible and in charge for identification of adverse environmental and social impacts and for monitoring the implementation of its mitigation measures.

Main legal documents like Proclamation No. 455/2005, (on expropriation of land holdings for public use), ERA Resettlement Framework, Environmental policy of Ethiopia and the World Bank OP and BP 4.12 have formed basis for preparation of this RAP. Article 44.2, of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995) provides interventions for public goods, which may cause displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the local population, shall give the right to commensurate by monetary or other means of compensations including relocation, (resettlement), with adequate state assistance. The World Bank policies on OP and BP 4.12 explicitly addressed the need for proper compensation payments and restitution of livelihoods. Based on these broad legal and institutional frameworks, the required compensation types, amounts and organizational procedures are prepared in this guideline. If there is a conflict between the national and the international law, the latter have precedence over the former as to the WB OP4.12 procedures.

Public and stakeholders' consultation

All through the field level investigations, public consultations were carried out to inform about the main objectives of the project and identifying the potential positive and negative impacts. The importance of public consultation is also rests on to gain direct public participations, sharing ideas on mitigation measures against adverse impacts and reinforcement of the project out come.

Public consultations were done through formal meetings and public gatherings. Focus group discussions with selected women, professionals, and elderly community leaders were done to clarify misunderstandings and gaining additional information's on public attitudes towards the proposed project. Informal meetings were held with different age category members of the community. In these public meetings local community members and other stakeholders vowed to participate in all activities that the project demand and contribute whatever assistances at their own capacity. It has been long awaited and good news for them when the consultant professional makes descriptions about the project for reasons of the very bad conditions of the existing road and shortages of motorized public transport.

Following the discussions held with local authorities, community members and project affected people it was confirmed that problem relating to displacement and dispossession of properties can be contained by the primary stakeholders (community and local leaders), with the appropriate assistance from outside. Public consultation Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) outcomes indicate that they are supportive of the project idea and reiterated with the provision of the legally approved measures no major disturbance on livelihoods is anticipated. In most parts, the road upgrading follows the existing gravel road alignment. Major realignment is expected in limited spots. Local authorities signed a commitment with the consultant to prepare land for resettlement specifically for those totally displaced and needy households in the urban section of the project. (Please refer minutes of meetings under Annex 5). The project area is now serving as one of the new resettlement corridors of the region for those live in very densely populated and degraded areas and willing to transfer to this section of the region. There is a relative abundance of land for extending resettlement site within the immediate locality. Out of the 1519 household heads and institutions, 622 entrepreneurs demanded land to land compensations in addition to cash compensations for their losses. 897 of them demanded monetary remunerations for the damages they would entertain due to the project.

Socio-economic Survey

Socio-economic survey has been done in order to assess the impact of the project socially and economically which could be happened due to acquisition of land and other properties.

For the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan, all properties fall within 2om of ROW in urban and 3om of ROW in rural areas are recorded. All properties within this radius are assumed to fall within potential impact area and subject to relocation. Accordingly, the field inventory indicates that 276 hectares of farmlands and 14 hectares of permanent crop land (fruit and non fruit bearing trees) areas likely to be impacted permanently. Accordingly, 22,750 eucalyptus, 584 mango, 2800 coffee, 4000 banana and 111 avocado trees likely removed during construction. Moreover, 48.6 hectares of farmlands will be impacted temporarily if the existing road expands from 6m1s to 6.7m1s (with 1.5 m shoulders on either side). A total number of 1630 residential houses and other buildings belonging to different owners which are located within the 3om of ROW in rural and 2om of ROW in urban areas are likely to be affected. Out of this total, 334 of them will be fully affected and 1296 will be partially affected. In the rural sections additional 66.6 hectares of land will be required for temporary uses like for detour, campsites and burrow pits. With proper reinstatement of these lands to their original conditions, the extent of permanent displacement from these lands would be lesser.

Budget Requirement for the RAP

The method adopted for valuing affected assets and properties has been based on replacement cost approach. The compensation for affected farmlands is based on unit rates and productivity established in this RAP. Although the project is upgrading one, there is more permanent loss of farmlands than temporary losses under the project operations due to the fact that all through the route inhabitants are residing in a relative congested manner in pockets of settlement areas. Beyond these settlement areas, the land is covered by bushes and savanna grasslands. Compensation payments for residential houses and other buildings are worked out in assuming full compensation for 25% and above impacted parts of a given property and payments for only damaged parts bellows. 'The total amount of resources required for compensating the affected people

Span Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) and restoring some of the utilities is worked out on the bases of 3om of ROW in rural areas and 2om of ROW in urban areas. The source of funding for the implementation of the RAP is the Ethiopian government and disbursement of the budget is subject to monitoring by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, (MoFED), after ratified by the house of people's representatives. The following is a summary of the total amount of the fund that will be required for the implementation of this manual.

Table 6: Resettlement/RehabilitationBudget*

No Compensation to be paid for Compensation Amount (Birr) 1 Compensation for all types of houses and institutions 36,223,454 ' 2 Permanent loss of strips of farmlands 3,214,260 3 Temporary loss of strips of farmlands 283,095 4 Loss of fruit bearing and non fruit bearing trees 975,933 5 Compensation for loss of income in business 5,598,000 6 Com~ensationfor affected social services 614.333.92 -7 -8 A budg et for vulnerable group PAPSAssistance 190,723 g Implementation and monitoring g 10 Total 47,672,548.92 11 Contingency (10%) 4,767,254-9 12 Grand Total 52,439,803.8 *Detail unit costs are given in Annex 4

Implementation and monitoring Plan

ERA'S Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch with the Right-of-way branch are responsible for the implementation and management of the RAP in close workings with other stakeholders. These branches are also responsible for the monitoring and evaluation tasks. In that the following variables will be adopted for the purpose.

Appropriateness of relocation sites Restoration and restitution of PAPs Amounts and methodologies used for compensation payments Special cares and supports given for vulnerable group members Restoration of affected social services Appropriateness of the time schedule Grievances and problem encountered in the implementation of the RAP Appropriateness of grievance alleviating mechanism

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I. Introduction

The Mekenajo - Dembidolo road project is located in the West Wellega zone of the Oromia National Regional state. The existing gravel surfaced road is badly deteriorated and is hampering transport development in the area, and is causing adverse health impacts and traffic accidents. There is very limited public transport along the Mekenejo - Dembidolo route mainly due to the sub-standard and bad condition of the road. The areas traversed by the road have a significant natural resource potential and is intensively cultivated, with high yield of agricultural products that includes cereals and coffee. Mineral resources like gold, platinum and coal are available and rich in some of the Weredas (Yubdo and Cimbi).

The project road branches off from the Addis Abeba -Nekeme-Cimbi-Assosa main road at 456km's from the capital, at Mekenajo town, which is found i5krn1s west of Cimbi along the Cimbi-Assosa route. It is part of the existing gravel road between Cimbi and Cambela that connects Inango, Culiso, Chanka, Mechara and Dembidolo towns by passing Ayra, Horrosebu (Alem-Teferi), and Cebarobi. The project road ends at Dembidolo town covering 181 km's. The project comprises three contracts:-

Contract I: Mekenajo to Ayra (km o to km 60) Contract 2: Ayra to Chanka (km 60 to km 120). Contract 3: Chanka to Dembidolo (kmizo- km181)

The project road is part of the Road Sector Development Program (RSDP II - APL I) as stated in the TOR. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has received a grant-from International Development Association (IDA) towards the cost of consultancy services for the Review of Feasibility Study, Environmental lmpact Assessment (EIA), Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document preparation. Hence, ERA commissioned SPAN (India) Consultant in association with BEZA (Ethiopia) to carry out review of the feasibility study, review of Environmental lmpact Assessment (EIA), Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and Review of detailed engineering design and preparation of tender documents for the road project. The preparation of this RAP based on national legislations and the WB safeguard policies and in line with the requirements of the term of reference.

Though the project outcome is expected to be much higher than other unwanted repercussions, it would still cause displacement and dispossession of properties to make room for the road upgrading purpose. In view of the likely impact of the road upgrading project, the preparation of this RAP (as required by the TOR) has been based on data collected through extensive field surveys (16~~March to 3rd April 2006) and consultations with Project Affected People (PAP), supplemented by secondary sources of data collected from Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA), Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and World Bank publications. Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

1.1 objectives and Scope of the RAP

The main objectives of preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan are: (a) to prevent or at least mitigate the adverse impacts associated with the implementation of the road project, (b) to deliver entitlements to project affected people and support them in restoration of livelihoods in line with ERAS Resettlement Policy Framework and the World Bank operational policies and procedures (OP &BP 4.12)) (c) to maximize PAPSand community members participations in all stages of project implementations and, (d) to ensure that the standard of living of PAPS is improved or restored to pre-project level. Moreover, the RAP addresses pertinent issues to be considered in the compensation process and other subsequent operations.

In line with the overall requirements of the TOR, the broad objectives of the RAP study are: Preparation of RAP for the proposed road project including costing of resettlement activities along the route corridor so as to provide the Government and the development partners (i.e. Donors) with sufficient information about the likely impacts of the proposed road project on the existing environmental and socio-economic factors in the project area to justify acceptance, modification or rejection of the proposed road project for further financing and implementation.

Scope of RAP

Consistent with the objectives of the RAP, the scope of works include the following

Legal, administrative and institutional framework Socio-economic survey Eligibility for compensation and resettlement Valuation of compensation for losses Public consultations Resettlement measures Site selection, preparation and relocation Housing infrastructure and social services Environmental protection and management Implementation schedule Costs and budgets Monitoring and evaluation

1.2 Methodology

For the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan the following sociological and socio- anthropological methodologies have been adopted:-

* Desk study / Document review: In the process of desk studies, the consultant reviewed project documents, Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) resettlement /

Span Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP B Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) rehabilitation policy framework, World Bank operational procedures (OP and BP 4.12), national legislations on expropriation of properties for public purposes and compensation payments, Federal and Regional level Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamations and other relevant legal documents. Central Statistical Authorities (C.5.A) releases were also checked to procure information on demographic and population variables. Field visits: Detailed visits and surveys have been conducted (16~~of March to 3rd of April 2006) to collect first hand qualitative and quantitative data on the socio- economic, cultural and linguistic composition of the project area. This methodology was used to collect data and familiarization on the specific geographical and ecological condition of the project area. The field level assessment is instrumental in identifying problem related to the project road and identifying mitigation measures. In identifying Project Affected Persons (PAPS) their socio-economic profile and the likely category of impacts, structured questionnaires had been completed. Public consultation: - The key to this methodology rests on procuring information on public attitudes towards the project, to understand local knowledge about grievance redress mechanism, and to give clarification about the project to the public. Focus group discussions have identified the negative and positive impacts of the project collectively. Agreements have been reached with specific government bodies regarding collaboration and facilitation of administrative procedures directly related to the road project and implementation of the RAP. Identification and consultation with key informants: These informants are expected to be knowledgeable about their environs, customary laws, traditions, religious observances and adherences, needs and aspiration of the community. In addition a series of meetings, discussions, and consultations with different Wereda level government officials, professionals, and experts were held during the field surveys. Minutes of these meetings are incorporated in Annex 5. Structured and unstructured questionnaires: Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on individual PAP'S, institutions and government offices. The unstructured questionnaires had been targeted on the general socio-economic and cultural aspects of communities residing in the project area.

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1.3. The RAP Guideline Structure

This RAP is divided into twelve sections as follows: Executive Summary: gives a brief summary of the guideline highlighting the major findings and activities undertaken in the preparation of the RAP. Introduction (Section I): contains brief background of the present study along with its objectives, TOR and methodology adopted for preparation of the RAP. Socio-economic Condition of the Project Area (Section 2): describes the project area in term of its socio economic and demographic aspects. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework (Section 3): presents a summary of the major policy and legal frameworks related to compensation and resettlement /rehabilitation issues. Potential Socio-economic Impacts of the Project (Section 4): describes the socio- economic profile of PAP'S and the likely impact of the project. Eligibility Criteria (Section 5): This section deals with eligible groups, draws criteria's and analyses the process of eligibility based on the National legislations, frameworks and international policies and procedures. Methods of Valuing Affected Assets (Section 6): describes and analyzed the methods adopted for valuation of all properties affected by the project. Organizational Procedures and RAP Implementation (Section 7): This section deals or indicates the responsibility of the various stakeholders in the delivery of entitlement rights and compensation payments. Moreover, RAP implementation deals with responsible bodies for the implementation of RAP and how compensation committee will be formed for the purpose. Moreover, the section will show proposed implementation schedule and budget required for Compensation Committee. Grievance Redress Mechanism (Section 8): This section deals with the arbitration processes and grievance resolution channels. RAP lmplementation Cost (Section 9): This section deals with budget requirement for the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan. Monitoring and Evaluation (Section lo): This section deals with how these variables will be executed and responsible bodies for Monitoring and Evaluation processes. Moreover, the section elaborates objectives of the variables. Consultation with PAPS (Section 11): This section discussed public outlooks towards the project and outcomes. The RAP Disclosure (Section 12): This section high lights the importance of disclosure and transparency.

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1.4 Team composition for the preparation of RAP

Transport Economist: - Mr Rao K.S (team leader), holds post graduate degree in economics (M.A) and statistics (M.Sc). He has done a 12-week post-graduate certificate course in Transport Managementlplanning from Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (India). Mr Rao has about 25 years of experience in transport consultancy and worked for 5 years (1997-2002) with the African Development Bank as principal transport economist. With more than 25 years of involvement with major projects in the field of transport economics and planning in different developing countries. Mr Rao has acquired expertise in specialized areas namely multi-modal transport system covering policy planning and evaluation studies, transport corridor studies, techno-economic feasibility investigations, modal resource cost and traffic flow studies and appraisal of highway projects using HDM model.

Sociologist: Amare Kassa has a vast experience as a professional teacher and socio- cultural Anthropologist for the past 21 years in public projects, displacement / resettlement issues and monitoring and evaluation of impact assessments related to civil works. Mr Amare has prepared and presented two research papers to the Addis Ababa University, (College of Social Sciences), on issues directly related to voluntary, involuntary, and induced voluntary migrations and displacement / resettlement endeavours.

Sociologist: Million Gebreyes is a sociologist with 19 years of experience in various development planning and implementation activities. As a social planner, he had involved in different water and natural resource development planning schemes. While he was working for the ministry of water resources, Ato Million has taken various training courses in social and environmental impact assessment and project evaluations at ACRES international Ltd and ClDA in 1944. He has also obtained certificate from Richard Wood Roof and associations in economics evaluation of natural and water resources in 1992. He developed an experience in gender main streaming and analysis, environmental and resettlement issues. Currently Ato Million is enrolled to M.A program in development studies at Addis Abeba University.

Environmentalist: Getahun Worku has more than 23 years of experience in environmental management, water resource and related areas at different levels as an expert, counterpart consultant, free lancer, and at managerial levels on environmental protection, water and waste management. Furthermore, he has a recognized experience in environmental impact assessment of development projects and waste water management fields. Highway Engineer: D.D Sharma is graduated in civil engineering with about 16 years of experience in design, construction supervision, techno-economic feasibility, studies. Mr Sharma had been attended numerous workshops, conferences, seminars, and short term trainings all through his career. Surveyor: Girma Gutema is a senior surveyor currently working for Beza Consultant. He had been working for SATCON general construction, Alem General Construction and Blue Nile construction at various sites and levels. In these firm he participated in detail works of explorations, Topographic map preparation, Location Surveying, Arial Topography and Lay out for building foundation.

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2. Socio-economic Condition of the Project Area

2.1 Location and Population The start of the Mekenajo-Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project is at about i5km's west of Ghimbi town, the capital of West Wellega Zone in the Oromia National Regional Government. From there the road runs in a fairly southwestern direction up to its final end at Dembidolo town. The road traverses through g Weredas with in the Western Wellega zone. The Weredas in the project area include: Chimbi, Lalo Asabi, Ayra Culiso, Dale Lalo, Cawo Dale, Hawa Wallel and Seyo. Details of area and population of the eight Weredas are presented in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Population of Wereda's connected by the road upgrading project

Population Population 1 District, Wereda Area Density

Source: Central Statistical Authority, 2004

The main town centers and major settlements along the project road are: Inango, Dalety, Keley, Culiso, Ayra, Alem Teferi, Chamo, Chanka, Keto, Mechara, Wajo, Rob Cebeya and Dembidolo. The services in these towns are limited to the basic ones, shops and other small-scale workshops. In some of the towns coffee processing plants are the major establishments. Population of major towns is given below.

Table 2.2: Population of Major Towns along the Road Wereda 1 Town ig Population size Male Female Total Mekenaiol Lalo Asabi lnango 9 31043 3,059 6,102 Ayra Guliso Guliso 40 3,857 3,606 7,463 Ayra 58 2,695 21715 5,410 1 Dale Lalo Alem Teferi 9 1 2,740 2,493 51233 Gawo Dale Chanka 117 3,347 2,935 6,282 Hawa Welel Rob Gebeya 154 2,137 1,976 4,113 Sayo Dembidolo 180 17,294 16,158 33,452 Total 35,113 32,942 68,055 Source: CSA, 2005 (in www.statsethiopia.org).

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2.2 Land use and Livelihood

The socio-economic assessment result revealed that there is little differentiation along the entire project area in term of agricultural and other livelihood generating practices. Apart from the extensive peasant holding cereal production, cash crops' like coffee, pepper and other fruit bearing trees (mangoes and banana) play big role in the local economy. The most widely used cultivated crops in the project area include maize, sorghum, millet, barely, teff and wheat. The role of coffee production and processing is highly significant in the project influence area. Small-scale traditional irrigation is practiced in limited parts of the project area. Land use pattern in the project area is set out below.

Table 2.3: Land Use Pattern bv Wereda 12003-04) 1 Land-use TVD~(Hectares) I Land Swamp/ Degradedl District/ Wereda Pasture Arable under Forest Marsh Barren Others Total Land Land Crop Land Land

Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March 2004

The major industrial establishments are those small-scale grinding mills and coffee processing plants as shown in Table 2.4. The general livelihood situation indicates that majorities are living in subsistence agricultural practices with very little off farm activities. There is strong expectation on the part of the local people that the project may have a positive impact on the development of improved agricultural practices and other livelihood means. Table 2.4: Small scale Industries bv Wereda (2003-04) Grinding Coffee Coffee Oil Mill District/ Wereda Total Mill Pulpier Huller 1 Cimbi 1 60 1 21 1 2 1 4 1 87 1 Ayira Culiso 104 1 16 1 2 o 122 Lalo Asabi 23 I 6 1 2 1 o 1 ?I 1 Cawo Dale 52 1 12 I o 65 1 Dale Lalo (Sedil 1 25 1 1 1 o 1 o 1 2 6 Hawa Wallel 33 o o o 33 Sayo 6o 8 o 6 74 Yubdo 23 o o o 23 1 Total 380 1 64 1 7 1 10 461 1 Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March 2004

2.3 Social Services 'the availability of social services like schools, health centers, water supply, access roads, etc, the project area also exhibited the same characteristics as the other paits of the country. Still a lot of efforts are required to give adequate social services to the majorities of the population in the project immediate influence area. District-wise educational institutes are presented in table 2.5.

Table 2.5: Schools by Wereda (2003104) Number of Schools District/ Wereda Primary Primary Senior Technicall Total 1st Cycle 2nd Cycle Secondary Vocational Preparatory Limbi 31 22 2 1 1 57

1 Total 153 1 96 1 10 2 Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March 2004

Data compiled at Zonal level still indicate that the illiteracy rate along the project area is estimated at 44 percent. The gross school enrolments for primary and secondary levels are 77 and 31 respectively. In all cases additional efforts needs to be instigated to expand pedagogical services in to the area.

In term of health services, there are three hospitals serving the project area population. By Ethiopian standard the area is in a relatively better situation, as most parts of the country do not have such short interval access to hospitals. There are 59 clinics, 5 health centers and 18 health posts currently serving the people of the project immediate influence area (Table 2.6). The main bottlenecks in all of these health institutions are inadequate manpower and medicine. These facilities do not have the qualified medical personnel, mainly doctors, to deliver proper services

Table 2.6: Health Institutions by Wereda (2003/04) Beds Health Health Drug Rural Drug District/ Wereda Hospital Clinic Center Post Store Vendor Hospital Others

Limbi 1 1 8 5 3 9 8 o 6 Ayira Guliso 1 1 4 2 o 10 8 i o Lalo Asabi o o 5 1 o 8 o o

Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department Socio-economic

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As the table below shows only limited number of the population has access to safe water which is now greatly compromising with the health of the entire project immediate influence area population. About 30 percent of the morbidity cases in the project immediate influence area are related to the unsafe water supply and poor hygiene. Table 2.7: Potable Water Supply coverage by Wereda, (zoo3/04)

X Population Covered 1 Wereda Rural Clrban Girnbi 18.0%

Hawa Wallel Sayo 33.6% 1 69.2% Yubd0 14.5% ( 54.5% Source: -West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March 2004

The existing road and transportation services are other major impediments for the socio - economic progress in the area. The road to population ratio shows a ikm/ 1000 people. This implies the need for more road related intervention in the area. The road density of the project area is calculated as 8.34km's/ioookm's square. This ratio is even much lower from the country level current density, (33.6Km/1oookmz).Wereda level road coverage is outlined in table 2.8.

Table 2.8: Road Network by Wereda (2003-04)

Length (Km) Wereda All-weather 1 Dry-weather Total Gravel Road Road (Krn) (krn) (krn) , , [ --Girnbi 73 48 I 121 4 0 135 175 54 55 109 1 Gawo Dale 64 1 96 1 160 1 Dale Lalo ISedi) 1 18 1 20 I 7 8 Hawa Wallel 4 3 o 43 1 Sayo 36 68 104 Yubdo 34 266 300 Total 362 Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March zoo4

All the above socio-economic indicators generally show the project area is characterized by low socio economic profile. In this regard the proposed Mekenajo - Dembidolo road project will have a significant contribution in transferring this low socio- economic condition to a better status.

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3. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework

There are a number of legal documents at Federal and Regional levels in relation to compensation payments and resettlement issues. 'The major documents include the Ethiopian Constitution, Proclamation No. 45512005 on Expropriation of Land holdings for Public Purposes and Payments of Compensation and Proclamation 45612005 on Rural Land Administration and land Use. In this manual an attempt has been made to summarize some of the provisions in these legal documents which are found to be relevant to the present task. Moreover, previous legal documents which are consistent with the provisions of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution are also used. These major documents include:-

* Proclamation IVo. I/ 1995 of the Ethiopian Constitution; 1997 Environment Policy; Environnemental lmpact Assessment Proclamation No. zgglzooz; Environmental lmpact Assessment Guideline Document (July 2000); Proclamation No. 45512005 on Expropriation of Land holdings for Public Purposes and Payments of Compensations; and Proclamation No. 456 / 2005 on Rural Land Administration and Land use,

When it comes to compensation, all documents clearly state that individuals have the right to be compensated for the works on land created by the labor and capital. In line with these basic premises major resettlement and compensation issues are summarized from various legal documents as follows.

3.1. The Constitution

As the major binding document for all other derivative national and regional policies, laws and regulations, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), (proclamation 111995) has several provisions, which have direct policy, legal and institutional relevance for the appropriate implementation of the resettlement action plans, which are being prepared by the Ethiopian Roads Authority.

Article 40.3 of the Constitution states the public ownership of both rural and urban land as well as all natural resources. It further states that land is the common property of the Ethiopian people and cannot be subject to sale or to other means of exchange. Moreover, ownership of land is vested in the State and the people while rural and urban dwellers have only use rights over land. A use right gives the user of the land the right to use the land and the right to benefit from the fruits of herlhis labor which may be crops, trees, etc. found on the land or any permanent works such as buildings etc.

Article 44.2 of the Constitution indicates that interventions for public goods that cause the displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the local population shall give the right to commensurate monetary or other means of compensation including relocation (resettlement) with adequate State assistance. This provision has a strong

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3.2. Proclamation Number 45512005

The proclamation indicates that a rural landholder whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall in addition to other remunerations, be paid for his displacement an amount equivalent to ten times the average income he secured during the preceding past five years. For a landholder whose land provisionally expropriated shall be paid for the lost income, based on the average annual income secured for the preceding'five years, until heishe repossesses the land. Those individuals who get a land replacement shall be rewarded with the amount equivalent to the average annual income secured during the preceding five years.

As per this proclamation an urban landholder whose land holding has been expropriated shall be provided, apart from the estimated payment for lost house, with a plot of urban land to construct a house and be paid a displacement compensation equivalent to the annual rent of the demolished house or be allowed to live in public house without rent for one year.

3.3. Land Tenure and the Right of Way

Land is the property of the statelpublic and does not require compensation. The land proclamations 3111975 of rural land and 4711975 of urban land state that the Government holds the ownership of land; it is the property of the Ethiopian People. Article 7(72) of proclamation 411975 states that the Government shall pay fair compensation for property found on the land, but the amount of compensation shall not take any value of the land into account, because land is owned by state.

Proclamation No.55/1993, article 5,2(k), states that ERA shall use, free of charge, land and such other resources and quarry substances for the purpose of construction of highways, camp, storage of equipment and other required services, provided, however, that it shall pay compensation in accordance with the law for properties on the land it uses.

The Right-of-way (ROW) is the land allocated and preserved by the law for the public use in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance work. For example in the RR5o standard i5m1s width on either side of the road centerline fall into the legal ROW. It seems that it is in recognition of Art. 6.17 of proclamation No 8011997 in re-establishing ERA gave the mandate to "determine the extent of land required for its activities in the adjacency as well as surrounding of highways and the conditions of use of such land by others". Proclamation No 45512005, which is targeted on expropriation of land holdings for public purposes and payment of compensations, and Proclamation No. 45612005 on Rural Land Administration and Use are the bases of this RAP.

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3.4. Oromia Regional State land use and administration proclamation

Based on the Federal land administration and utilization proclamation No. 456/2005, regions have commenced their own land administration and utilization laws. Hence, the preparation of this RAP is obliged to adopt and use the Oromia National Regional state land use and administration proclamation. Under proclamation No 56/2002, of the regional state, the following rights and obligations are stated related to this Resettlement action plan. Article 4, sub article I, stressed that land is a common property of the state and the people, and shall not be subject to sell or other means of exchange. Article 5.1 on the other hand gives a full property right to holders over any property produced or built on the land including the right to alienate it in any manner. However, according to article 6.2, the right of alienation does not extend to the land itself. Article 6.4 again stipulates certain restrictions and obligations on the land itself. Article 6.4 again stipulates certain restrictions and obligations on the use right of land in which use procedures government institutions and social organizations have a legal mandate to use land for public purposes after transferring appropriate payments for holders. This is consistent with the federal constitution discussed above.

3.5. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The Ethiopian Environment Policy has provisions quite relevant to resettlement and rehabilitation issues. The major elements are:-

To ensure that environmental impact assessments (EIA) consider not only physical and biological impacts but also address socio-economic, political and cultural conditions;

to recognize that pubiic consultation is an integral part of an EIA and ensure that EIA procedures make provision for both an independent review and public comment before consideration of decision makers; to ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigation plans for environmental management problem and contingency plans in case of accidents; to ensure that, at specified intervals during the project implementation, environmental audits regarding monitoring, inspection and record keeping take place for activities where these have been required by the Environmental Impact Statement; to ensure that preliminary and full ElAs are undertaken by the relevant sectoral ministries or departments, if in the public sector, and by the developer, if in the private sector; to create by law an EIA process which requires appropriate environmental impact statements and environmental audits for private and state development projects; to establish the necessary institutional framework and determine the linkages of its parts for undertaking, co-coordinating and approving ElAs and the subsequent

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3.6. Ethiopian Roads Authority (Policy Framework)

Apart from the broad policy frameworks at national level, the main reference behind the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is ERA'S guiding principles as stipulated in its Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework. The principles in the framework are adopted basically from the World Bank's policy on resettlement and rehabilitation. The following statement is adopted from the ERA'S Resettlement and Rehabilitation Framework to show when and where a RAP is required or not.

At project identification, social screening/social impact assessment (SIA) of the subprojects will be conducted with the aim to determine whether or not a subproject requires detailed resettlement action plans as specified in World Bank policy. The principles of compensation/rehabilitation will be triggered wherever there will be a land requirement and adverse social impacts. If the SIA findings reveal that more than 200 persons are affected by a subproject, a resettlement action plan will be prepared (ERA 2002). However, as to OP 4.12, "where impacts on the entire displaced is minor, or fewer than 200 people are displaced, an abbreviated resettlement plan may be agreed with the borrower"

As per the above framework and the Bank policy, a threshold has been set whether or not to proceed with a detail RAP once a social screening is done on any proposed road development project. A Road development that entails the relocation of more than 200 individuals or above 40 households is expected to entail a resettlement action plan. Those road projects that would displace less than 200 individuals are not expected to come up with a detailed/full scale RAP. In such cases an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan will be prepared. Although this is the case, there is a major gap between the National Legislations and the WB Operational Policies (OP4.12) in notification period and expropriation of properties. Proclamation No 455/2oo5 Article 3 & 4 requires that property must be handed over go days after compensation has been paid. On the other hand OP.4.12 requires that displacement must not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. In case of a conflict between the national and international procedures, OP4.12 states that" where domestic law does not meet the standard of compensation at full replacement cost, compensation under domestic law is supplemented by additional measures necessary to meet the replacement cost standard".

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3.7 'the World Bank Operational Policies (OP4.12)

The Operational Policies of the World Bank on Involuntary Resettlement geared towards to avoid or minimize adverse impacts of projects. The Bank experience indicates that development projects, if unmitigated, may cause severe long-term hardships, impoverishment, and environmental damages. Hence, the following are Policy Objectives of the World Bank as outlined in the aforementioned Operational Policies. Involuntary Resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development program, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the person displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement program. Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real term, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

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Table 3.1: Comparison of Ethiopian Legislation and OP 4.12

Theme World Bank Op 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Recommendations to I Address Gaps Policy World bank OP4.12 has overall Proclamation No 45512005 (Article 3(1)) The World Bank requirement for World Band OP 4.12 Objectives policy objectives, requiring that: gives power to Wereda or urban avoidance or minimization of overall objectives shall Involuntary resettlement administrations to "expropriate rural or involuntary resettlement is not written be applied to avoiding should be avoided wherever urban landholdings for public purpose into Ethiopian legislation. or minimizing possible, or minimized, where it believes that it should be used Proclamation No 45512005 does not involuntary exploring all alternatives. for a better development ... "This is indicate consultation with displaced resettlement to ensure Resettlement program should supported by Article 51(5) and Article persons throughout the resettlement resettlement program be sustainable, include 40(8) of the 1995 Constitution. process, rather only allows for a sustainable and meaningful consultation with complaints and grievance process. includes meaningful affected parties, and provide Proclamation No 45512005 (Article 7(5) Although Proclamation No 45512005 consultation. benefits to the affected states that" the cost of removal, allows for some form of support to the parties transportation and erection shall be paid displaced persons, it does not Displaced persons should be as compensation for a property that explicitly state that livelihoods should assisted in improving could be relocated and continue it serves be restored to previous levels or livelihoods etc, or at least as before." improved. restoring them to previous levels Notification Article lo of World Bank OP4.12 Article 4 of Proclamation No 45512005 There is a gap in Proclamation No Displaced person periodltiming requires that the resettlement requires notification in writing, with 45512005 to allow land to be should always be paid of activities associated with a sub - details of timing and compensation, expropriated before necessary compensation and displacement projects are linked to the which cannot be less than go days from measures for resettlement take place, support before the implementation of development notification. It requires that land should particularly before the displaced land is handed over, as program to ensure displacement be handed over within go days of person has been paid. This can have per World Bank OP4.12. or restriction of access does not payment of compensation payments. If serious consequences for those occur before necessary measures there is no crop or other property on the affected, as they may be displaced for resettlement are in place. In land, it must be handed over within 30 without shelter or livelihood. particular, taking of land and days of notice of expropriation. It further related assets may take place gives power to seize the land through only after compensation has police force should the landholder be

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been paid, and, where applicable, unwilling to hand over the land resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to dis~lacedDersons. Eligibility for World Bank OP4.12 gives Proclamation No 45512005, Article 7(1) According to World Bank OP4.12, The requirements of Compensation eligibility to: allows' landholders' to be eligible for eligibility for compensation is granted World Bank OP4.12, as Those who have formal legal compensation, where the term to "affected parties. Ethiopian described in Column 2 rights to the land; "landholder" (Articlez(3) means" and Legislation only grants compensation of this table, expected Those who do not have formal individual, government or private to those with lawful possession of the to be applied, legal rights to land, but have a organization or any other organ which land, and as per Proclamation No 456, claim to such land; and has legal personality and have lawful those with traditional possession i.e. Those who do not have possession over the land to be Communal lands. It therefore does not recognizable legal right or expropriated and owns property situated recognize those without a legal right claim to the land thereon" or claim as eligible for compensation.

Compensation World Bank OP4.12 Article 6(a) Article 7 of Proclamation No. 45512005 The World Bank requirement for The World Bank requires that displaced persons entitles the landholder to compensation compensation and valuation of assets requirements for are provided with prompt and for the property on the land on the basis it that compensation and relocation compensation must be effective compensation at full of replacement cost; and permanent must result in the affected person followed, as per OP4.12 replacement cost for losses of improvements to the land, equal to the must have property and a livelihood footnote I, which assets attributable directly to the value of capital and labor expended. returned to them to at least equivalent states, "Where project. If physical relocation is standards as before. This is not clearly domestic law does not an impact, displaced persons Where property is on urban land, stated in local Proclamations. It is meet the standard of must be provided with assistance compensation may not be less than expected that the regulations and compensation at full during relocation and residential constructing a single room low cost directives will provide more clarity and replacement cost, housing, housing sites and lor house as per the region in which it is clearer guidance in this regard. compensation under agricultural sites to at least located. It also requires that the cost of domestic law is equivalent standards as the removal, transportation and erection will supplemented by previous site. Replacement cost be paid as compensation for a relocated additional measures does not take depreciation into property continuing its service as before. necessary to meet the account. In term of valuing Valuation formula are provided in replacement cost assets. If the residual of the asset Regulation No. 13512007 standard" being taken is not economically

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viable, Responsibilities According to OP4.12, Article 14 Article 5 of Proclamation No 455/2oog The process required for the project As per the World Bank of the project and 18), the borrower is sets out the responsibilities of the proponent / implementing agency requirements, project proponent responsible for conducting a implementing agency, requiring them to lacks descriptive processes in local processes included census and preparing, gather data on the land needed and legislations... screening, a census, implementing, and monitoring works, and to send this to the the development of a the appropriate resettlement appropriate officials for permission. If plan, management of instrument. Article 24 states that also requires them to pay compensation compensation the borrower is also responsible to affected landholders. payments and for adequate monitoring and monitoring and evaluation of the activities set evaluation of success. forth in the resettlement It must also include instrument. In addition, upon proper consultation completion of the project, the with the affected borrower must undertake an parties throughout the assessment to determine process. whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved. This must all be done according to the requirements of OP4.12. Article 19 requires that the borrower inform potentially displaced persons at an early stage about the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design.

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3.8. Institutional Framework

3.8.1 The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA)

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) was established in 1951 through proclamation No.6311963 with responsibilities for the construction, improvement and maintenance of the Country's road network. 'the highest body in the management hierarchy is the board. ERA's Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMB) established in January 1998 with major responsibility of setting and implementing ERA's environmental guidelines in support of the national level requirements. The EMB holds the capacity of advisory, coordination and supervision aspects that are pertinent to the road environmental impacts and implication assessment as well as co-ordination with the respective ERA district offices.

3.8.2. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)

One of the environmental policies of the EPA is to protect and rehabilitate the fundamental causes that lead to degradation, adverse effects and determine mitigation measures. The policy is integrated and compatible to fit a long term economic development strategy known as agricultural development-led industrialization (ADI-I) and other key policies. As per sub-article 2 of article 6 of Proclamation No.g of 1995, environmental development and management as well as protection in Ethiopia are designated. In this case the SIA assessment needs to be reviewed and incorporated into different road project phases: at designing & planning, construction, monitoring, post- project evaluation and maintenance phases.

To minimize and alleviate environmental impacts the Oromia national regional state established the regional environmental office in 2002. This office is responsible to ensure matters pertaining to the region's environmental, social and economic development activities are carried out in a manner that will protect the welfare of human beings as well as sustainable use and develop of natural resources. To achieve this end the regional government environmental office adopted a community based or led environmental protection strategy in addition to having offices at Wereda level. Hence, the roles of Wereda level environmental offices and local communities are important in environmental conservation and management.

3.8.3. General Remarks on Legal, Policy and Institutional Issues

The analysis of all the above legal documents indicates that proper legal and institutional frameworks are in place to execute all compensation and resettlement activities. This resettlement action plan is prepared within the provisions of the proclamations and WB policies.

The policy and institutional frameworks in relation to compensation and resettlement has wide cross-cutting issues that entail the participation of different stakeholders at different levels of operation. A number of governmental bodies are expected to have a horizontal and vertical interaction in implementing the various legal procedures. Their

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Moreover, the following major issues are adopted to show the ongoing key polices and institutional reform on the road sector from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development release, (2005/06).

Improvement of resource mobilization and allocation through equitable road pricing and provision, adequate budget for road maintenance and strengthen the road fund, Enhancing the capacity of road construction and maintenance by creating an enabling environment for increased participation of domestic private contractors, Reduce reliance on force account by turning ERA'S district maintenance organizations, (DMOs) into fully commercial operating units, Setting strict directives for the enforcement of safety regulations so as to reduce the number and severity of road accidents, Strengthening the enforcement of axle loads limits Addressing the environmental effects of road construction by taking measures to ensure conformity of design standards with environmental protection requirements, Promote the use of labor-intensive technology and ensure community participation wherever possible in building and maintaining local and community roads, Provide community based integrated village travel and transport services and reduce travel time and burden on villages, especially women, to meet the expected increase in the movement of agricultural input and surplus production, Strengthening administration and management in such a manner that federal and regional road agencies have the institutional capacity to manage and maintain the current road assets and protecting future investments in the road sector, Develop a coherent planning and programming approach based on a net-work stabilization program, in which federal and regional road agencies formulate common methodologies of allocation of available and projected resources.

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4. Potential Socio-economic Impacts of the Project

4.1 Description of the Project Area Socio-economic environment

4.1.1 Demographic Profile of the Project Affected Persons

A total of 1519 households and institutions will be affected by the road upgrading project. Out of the total Project affected households, 235 are female headed while 1270 are male headed. Apart from these, 14 of the affected buildings belong to public and government institutions, such as properties of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, post offices, small scale enterprises and associations whom owning buildings along the ROW.

Table 4.1: Percentage of Affected Households Percent Female headed 15.47 Male headed 83.60 Institutions Total 99-99

Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006

The age category of project affected household heads ranges from 12 up to 92. An average age of household heads of the PAPS along the project is 42 years. Family sizes of the project affected households' ranges from 1 to 38. However, the numbers of affected household heads having the highest number of family members are not significant. 70 percent of household heads (1063) have a family size of ranging from three to eight. The average family size for the affected households is 6.2. Different ethnic group members of the country have houses, businesses and other properties along the ROW and are thus likely affected by the project. Out the total household heads, go8 of them belong to the Oromo ethnic group and accounted 59.8 percent of the total (Table 4.2). Next t'o them are the Amara ethnic group members numbered 132 and accounted 8.7 percent from the total followed by the Gurage numbered 38, 2.5 percent, and Tigre numbered 28, 1.8 percent. The major language spoken by almost all ethnic groups for both business and other social dealings is Oromiffa. Amharic is also widely spoken in towns.

Table 4.2: Ethnicity of PAPS

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Source: - Consultant field survey, zoo6

In religious observances, out of the total 1519 project affected household heads, 1267 of them, accounted 83.4 percent from the total are Christians (both Protestant and Orthodox). Muslims, on the other hand, numbered 188 and accounted 12.4 percent.

Table 4.3: Religious Affiliation of PAPs

Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006

4.1.2 Livelihood of the Project Affected Person

'there are certain livelihood activities being pursued by the project affected persons. 603 (39.69%) household head PAPs are engaged in trading of different kinds of goods and services especially in towns, while 368 (24.2%)mostly located in rural areas are engaged in subsistence farming and 121 (7.96%) of them are civil servants. The rest of the affected households are basing their livelihoods on different bread wining activities which includes daily labor, artisanship, etc. (see table 6.5 on occupational stratification of project affected household heads) Traders which are found either in urban or rural areas, where they run shops and other businesses normally located close to the road corridors. Retail shops, bars (including local brewers), restaurants, stores, etc are major businesses that likely affected by the project.

4.1.3 Educational Background of the Project Affected Person

The educational backgrounds of the household heads ranges from grade one to university level. The number of affected household heads over the range of educational levels (particularly up to secondary school) is almost evenly distributed, with the highest being grade twelve numbered 152 and accounted 10 percent from the total.

4.1.4 Historical, Cultural and Religious Resources

The study team did not identify any historical, cultural and religious sites along the project road, except one Mosque at RobCebeya junction and one burial ground on the sides of the existing road. The Mosque and the burial site require special care during commencement of the road construction process and during site selection for detour.

4.1.5 Social Acceptability of the Project Road

The study team learned that almost the entire respondents appreciate the road project. Community members along the project road give high priority and value to the road construction and are fully aware of the benefits that the upgrading of the gravel road to asphalt level to the development of the towns and the Weredas in West Wellega Zone. During the field survey, project affected persons were often heard saying that they would bear any pains for the realization of the road project. Some of the benefits of the project they cited are relief from the dust pollution, better access to transport facilities, reduction of transport tariffs, better movement of goods and agricultural products, etc.

In addition to the community members, all administrative bodies of the Zone and Weredas were fully supportive of the project cause. They facilitated the study team engagements with households within the ROW very effectively and have shown the maximum commitment for the realization of the project. The list of institutions/ persons contacted during the field survey is outlined in Annex 2. Further socio-economic details of the PAP are given in Annex 3.

4.2 Socio-economic Impacts of the Project

In the rural section of the upgrading project, 276 hectares of farmlands, 14 hectares of fruit and non fruit bearing trees lands will be impacted permanently and 48.6 hectares of farmlands will be impacted temporarily. Again in this section of the project, the project will affect 31 houses fully and loo houses partially (out of the total). In the urban section of the project, 303 buildings will be impacted fully and 1196 partially. In addition to these impacts, a total of 202oM of telephone (45 poles), 43ooM of electric lines (96 poles) and 6162m of water pipes will be dislocated. This will affect a total number of 1519 households.

Although this is the case, the project road has both positive and negative impacts. To begin with the anticipated positive impacts of the project, it is expected to reduce vehicles operating costs, transport and time costs for passengers and freight, and improvement in the availability of motorized transport services. Moreover, the project is envisaged to create development impacts in facilitating socio-economic and cultural activities. In the long term the project will also change the quality of life of the people residing along the project influence area for better.

The following are some of the major anticipated positive impacts of the upgrading project:

Increase and improve trade and market facilities Timely provision of agricultural inputs Span Consultants in Association with 37 Beza Consulting Eng~neers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

Increase agricultural production in relation to availability of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other modern technologies. Help farmers to sell their productions at better prices. Facilitate conditions for the development of small scale business and enterprises Facilitate conditions for urban development's and easy population movements Facilitate conditions for the improvement of social services and amenities Help women in reducing workloads and time to travel to market places. Employment opportunities during and after construction Encourage local community members to be engaged on off farm activities. Increasing the attractiveness of voluntary re- resettlements

Although the above outlined issues indicate the major positive impacts of the project, it likely has also the following negative impacts:

Spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and HIV /AIDS Growth of squatters and uncontrolled settlements Noise disturbance specifically during construction Hazardous and waste materials dumping on farmlands, settlement areas, water points Pressure on local facilities and services Land acquisitions for the project and related activities Demolition of residential, commercial and institutional structures. Pressure on vegetative cover of the area

-the project with its 3om of ROW in rural areas and 2om of ROW in urban areas has a considerable socio-economic impact in almost all the towns and some rural villages it traversed. Its impact varies depending on the proximity of the houses and other structures to the road alignment. In towns like Inango, where there is very little clearance between the road and the houses, the socio-economic impact of the road on houses and business installations will be higher. Moreover, the road will be realigned at two designated places, (Ayra, 5.6km1 and Gebarobi, 7km's) and may have a greater impact. 'the realignment of the road through the center of Ayra and Gebarobi (Rob Gebeya) towns will affect residential houses and business installations which requires compensations. At Harosebu (AlemTeferi) the affect on properties is lesser because the existing road is already connected by a 2.qkm's spur with the road that passes through the town that has been constructed during the Imperial era.

Table 4.4: Number of households that will be affected both in rural-urban settlements.

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Road section Name of No. of Total Public and government Town/Village H.H.H* Number institutions. of PAPS I-Mekenajo-Ayra Mekenajo 7 54 -Tailors enterprise. Gerji-Liben 8 54 -Commercial Bank Werebabu 2 7 -Mosque, Nano-lnango 2 13 -Small scale enterprise. Inango(town) 351 2221 -Municipality shops; Horda Daleti 13 106 -Public libra'ry. (Inango). Jarso Damot 2 4 101 Keli sibirbir 8 30 Guliso (town) 147 758 -C.B.E (Guliso) Kuta Korma 1 7 -Saving and credit Wayu Kole 13 I 65 Association (Guliso) Ayra (town) 193 1268 Gyra- Chanka Ayra junction 17 157 -C. B. E(Alem Teferi) (town) -Economic and Finance Amara Gucho 2 1 17 Bureau. ' Alem Teferi (town) 134 82 -Small scale enterprise Taye Awetu 4 22 (Canka) Arero Chole 1 6 -C.B.E (Chanka) Chamo 12 85 -Small municipality shops Kombo 5 29 -Post office (Chanka). Chanka- Chanka (town) 175 980 -Non Dembidolo Mechara (town 121 779 Debrebirhan 1 4 1 Rob Gebeva(town) 1 116 1 801 1 Anno Michael 9 5 0 Minko ,9 54 / Dembidolo (town) 1 144 1 864 Total II l519* 1 8614 14 (out of the total) Source: - Consultant Survey, 2008. *Represent only the total number of household heads and institutions not the total number of houses and buildings.

4.2.1. Social Impacts in Urban and Rural Areas

The impacts of the project in urban areas are mainly reflected on businesses and residences. ~e~endingon the proximity of the houses to the road, the impacts varies from loss of strips of-land and fences to full houses and businesses. Apart from these, social services such as electric and telephone lines will also be affected. A total of 202oM of telephone (45 poles), 430oM of electric lines (96 poles) and 6162m of water pipes will be dislocated. In rural sections, the project will affect 31 houses fully and loo houses partially (out of the total). ~oreover,-2~6hectares of farmlands and 14 hectares of fruit and non fruit bearing trees lands will be impacted permanently. Moreover, 48.6 hectares of farmlands will be needed temporarily. In all a total number of 1519 households and institutions with their 1630 buildings will be affected due to the road upgrading works. Details of affected houses and buildings in each Wereda are given in Table 4.5. Span Consultants rn Association with 39 Beza Consult~ngEngineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental lmpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

Table 4.5: Number of Affected Houses by Category and Wereda*

Hawa Wolel 6 o o 60 195 2 197 255 2 257 Seyo 10 3 13 147 18 165 157 21 178 Grand Total 303 31 334 1196 loo 1296 1499 131 1630 Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006 *The total number represents impacted houses not household heads.

Out of these 1630 impacted houses and buildings, 187 of them are owned by Kebele associations. 14 of them are owned by different public and government institutions, (See table 4.6), 19 of them are under commercial bank of Ethiopia collateral, 48 of them are municipality owned shops, and 1362 residences, shops, stores and other enterprises are private properties. In addition to this classification the number of partially affected houses counted 1296 and fully impacted ones numbered 334.

Table 4.6: Summary table for impacted houses purposes along the project. I-Shops (Commercial Ventures) 483 2-Stores 29 3-Carpentry (Workshops) 4 4-Grinding mill 3 5-Coffee processing structure 1

7-Residentail houses 8-Toatl 1630

4.2.1.1. lmpact of the project on houses and other structures

Rural kebeles and villages have huts and residential houses in close proximity to the road that will fall within the ROW of 30M. However, as they have relatively wider compound area in backyards, no major displacement is anticipated. Of the total 1630 would be impacted residential houses and other structures, 131 of them are found in rural areas. Out of this number 31 of them are fully affected and loo of them are partially affected. In the urban section of the road, a total of 1499 structures will be damaged. This upholds 303 full and 1196 partial impacts. (See table 6.2 on types of houses and other structures and table 6.3 on types of impacts).

4.2.1.2. lmpact of the Project on Farmlands

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The road alignment, detour, quarry and camp sites will have a significant impact on farmlands in the rural areas. Except in few sections where the existing road is narrower and farmlands are near to the ROW, the road alignment is not expected to cause higher impact on farmlands. Nonetheless, the detour, burrow, quarry and camp sites will be impacting farmlands temporally. A total of 276 hectares of farmlands and 14 hectares of fruit and non fruit bearing trees lands permanently, and 48.6 hectares of farmlands temporarily will be affected in considering camp site usages as a permanent loss by the consultant. Although the project is upgrading one, there is more permanent loss of farmlands than temporary losses under the project operations due to the fact that all through the route inhabitants are residing in a relative congested manner in pockets of settlement areas. Beyond these settlement areas, the land is covered by bushes and savanna grasslands.

4.2.1.3.Impact of the project on Roadside Trees and Perennial Crops

All along the three sections of the road eucalyptus trees and fruit bearing trees are planted at the edges of farmlands and in front of houses facing the road. During the survey in 2om of ROW in urban areas and 3om of ROW in rural areas it was observed that fruit and non fruit bearing trees will be affected during the construction process. Eucalyptus trees, mango, avocado and banana are the major trees to be affected. There are also coffee plants in some sections of the ROW. A total of 22,750 eucalyptuses, 584 mango, 2,800 coffee, 4000 banana and 111 avocado trees expected to be removed during the construction of the road. (See table 6.11)

4.3. Disruption to Services

The project involves relocation of electric and telephone lines and water pipes, especially in the major towns. Thus it is anticipated that there will be temporary disruption of electric and telephone services in major towns. During the survey period, it was also observed that new metal poles are being erected for electric line in close proximity to the road, in many rural areas. Unless, ERA discusses this issue with Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation, the relocation cost of the power lines might far exceed the estimated ones. (See section 6.3). In total 96 electric poles (4300M1sof electric lines) and 45 telephone ones (zozoM1sof telephone lines) will be dislocated due to the upgrading road project. For cost estimation purposes, the consultant tried to collect information's from respective institutions regarding the types of poles to be erected before the commencement of the road project. But in no avail the attempt failed for reason of lack of substantial information on this particular issue. (See annex 2). There are 6162 meters of water pipes will be dislocated due to the project. Out of the total 441oM of them are 2.5 inch types and 1752 M are 3 inch types. The total pieces of water pipes (6 meters each) to be dislocated would be 1027. (See table 6.14)

4.4. Impacts Associated with Ancillary Works

Ancillary works associated with the road construction like quarries, burrow pits, construction camps and detour roads will dispossess certain crop and grazing land and trees. Normally such demands are temporary in nature and the land can be reinstated to its original condition. However, past experience in Ethiopia shows that hardly any attempts were made to reinstate the land. Moreover, Camp sites as they remained for

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Contrary to the past experience this RAP assumes that the land required for temporary activities related to the road construction will be reinstated to their pre-project situation. Hence, compensation for temporary land expropriation is calculated for the period of impact only. Table 4.7 shows temporary land requirement for the ancillary works.

Table 4.7: Temporary Land Requirements

I Ancillary Works I Land Requirement Remark In Ha Quarry sites 16.0 18ikm x 4m = 72.4 ha, Detour road, 32.6 Land under cultivation is 45% of total land. So, 1 72.4 ha x 0.45 = 32.6 ha I qha for contractor and zha for supervisor camp Camp site 18.0 sites each in three places. Total 66.6 Source: - Consultant engineers Material report

4.5. Impacts of the road on realigned sections

As stated above the road will be realigned at two major points. In these realigned sections, there is a possibility that a total of 345 household head houses will be impacted due to the project. Categorically, there are 193 household head PAPs at Ayra, 116 household head PAPs at Gebarobi and 36 household head PAPs at Alem Teferi related to the realignment and access road or spur in the later case. The realigned sections and the narrow existing access road cover's 5.6Km1s, 7Km1s, and 2.4Km1s respectively. The land coverage of the realignment will be 16.8 hectares at Ayra and 21 hectares at Gebarobi, and 7.2 hectares at AlemTeferi narrow access road. This will be a total of 45 hectares of land permanently required for the purpose of realignment in considering 2oM of ROW. The realignment section at AlemTeferi will have a lesser effect for reasons the existing road pass through the town. Through its field survey the consultant identified that there are no eucalyptus trees and fruit bearing trees affected due to the realignment except shrubs in both Ayra and Gebarobi. Public utilities that would be affected in this major section of the road is given in table 6.14

4.6. Assistance to Vulnerable groups and HlVlAlDS Pandemic

HIVIAIDS pandemic is coming to be a serious socio-economic problem of the country. For this reason ERA adopted a sectoral policy in June 2004 to fight the spread of the epidemic at work places. This sectoral policy is designed to operate within the legal framework created by the labor proclamation No 37712003. As to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia policy in tackling the spread of HIVIAIDS, governmental and non-governmental institutions, bilateral and multi-lateral agencies and other stakeholders shall be mobilized to combat the dieses and support people living with HlVlADlS and their families. Hence special attention shall be given to the people who are abandoned and helpless.

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In relation to the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan and combating the spread of the pandemic due-to possible displacements and possible arrival of migrant workers ERA adopted a sectoral anti AIDS alleviation program at work places based on the need to promote a continuous awareness creation educations, information dissemination programs, condom distributions and counseling activities targeted to all site staffs and immediate community members. ERAS Environmental monitoring and Safety Branch through its HIVIAIDS program coordinator, the contractor, and the consultant are responsible for the purpose in collaboration or making special arrangements with other stake holders. To launch this program the consultant makes an assessment on budgetary issues and calculated 500,ooo birr needs to be secured.

During implementation of this resettlement action plan, special attention and support shall be given to vulnerable families. There are 65 vulnerable individuals among 1519 PAPs. This group of PAPS upholds:-i disabled, 44 female and 20 old aged male headed household individuals. The support of this category of PAPs includes: - rebuilding their houses, transferring and transporting their household item and materials to the newly constructed residential houses or businesses. For vulnerable groups that rent and live in kebele houses, the kebele officials are responsible to construct the house in the relocated site and also to provide all services related to the movement of the vulnerable groups to the newly constructed houses or businesses. In addition to these assistances vulnerable group members shall secure additional 10% compensation payments from their remunerations for losses. Their total compensation for losses calculated i,go7,230 Birr based on Annex 4. Hence, 10%of this amount is 190,723 Birr.

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Table 4.8: Vulnerable groups members, PAP'Sthat would prefer assisted resettlement [ Section - 1 Name ( Age I Town/ PA I House No I Reasonsfor assistance 1

6 I Ms Shashitu Tibebu 1 60 I lnango 1 394 I FHH old age 7 I Ms Aregash Bishaw 1 62 I lnango 1 395 I FHH old age 1 8 1 Ms Tatule Cobena 1 50 I Inane0 1 402 I FHH I 9 ( Ms Aregash Nigatu 1 52 I lnango 1 75 I FHH 10 I Ms Aregash Legdi 1 80 I lnango 1 76 I Old age/FHH 1 11 Ms Adanech C/ Mariam 6 5 lnango 107 Old agelFHH 12 Ms Alemnesh Tezgera 50 lnango 111 FHH 13 Ms Yewbdar Cebeyehu 5 5 lnango 130 FH H 14 Ms Mulunesh Workneh 6 o lnango 133 Old age/FHH 15 Ms Birke Daba 6 o lnango 137 Old age/FHH

28 Ms Dinknesh Jira 6 8 Luliso No Old age/FHH 29 Ms Mulunesh Telenfa 6 5 Luliso No Old age/FHH 30 Ms Lete Tadesse 74 Luliso 1 NO Old age/FHH 31 Ms Millu Muleta 61 Guliso No Old age/FHH 32 Ms Tsega Teshome 63 Culiso No Old age/FHH 33 Mr Terefe Serdi 9 0 Culiso No Old age 34 Ms Lalitu Cuta 75 Luliso No Old age 35 Ms Kenae Bisha 63 Luliso No FH H 36 Ms Drisa Jira 6 5 Ayra No FH H 37 Ms Shumete Tucho 75 Ayra No FHH Old age 38 Ms Semubatu Buta 70 Ayra No FHH Old age 39 Ms Desatu Jergo 6 6 Ayra No FH H 40 MrTerfassa Lobena 40 Luliso No Disabled

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Section - 2 1 Mr Olika Jaleta 85 Ayra-Junction No Old age 2 Mr Aulurna Surnesa 8 0 Ayra-Junction No Old age 3 Mr Taesa Kerorsa 8 1 Alern Teferi No Old age 4 Ms Aregash Kurnessa 92 Alern Teferi No Old age/FHH

6 Ms Mamite Sagi 71 Minko (Seyo) No Old age 7 Mr-Tolosa Lencho 91 Dernbidolo 276 Old age 8 Mr Yitayew Lirnenh 93 Dernbidolo 547 Old age 9 Mr Cobena Daro 9 0 Dembidolo 984 Old age 10 Mr Setota Ayehu 9 0 Dembidolo 19 Old age 11 ' Mr Mengesha Wayesa 75 Dernbidolo 159 Old age 12 Ms Marnite 73 Dernbidolo 153 Old age/FHH 13 Ms Mulatwa T/Birhane 8 o Dernbidolo 386 Old age/FHH I 14 Mr Avana Cobu 8 o Dernbidolo 603 / " 15 Mr Keno Cebisa 1 82 I Dernbidolo 601 -Old age 16 Ms Arnelework Yadesa 1 85 I Dernbidolo 26 Old age/FHH Total 6 5 Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006.

5. Eligibility Criteria

5.1. Croups

Road project affected parties could be categorized into four groups:

(a) Affected individual: An individual who suffers loss off assets or investments, land and property and / or access to natural and / or economic resources as a result of project activities and to whom compensation is due.

(b) Affected Household: A household is affected if one or more of its members is affected by sub-project activities, either by loss of property, land, loss of access, or otherwise affected in any way by project activities.

(c) Affected local community: A community is affected if project activities affect their socio- economic and/ or socio- cultural relationships or cohesion.

(d) Vulnerable households: Vulnerable households may have different needs from other households or needs unrelated to the amount of land available to them. Span Consultants in Associat~onwith Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancv Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, preparation-of RAP 8 Review of Detailed ~ngineerin~Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

5.2. Criteria

Fixing eligibility criteria for entitlement purpose is essential for the Resettlement / Action Plan compensation payment processes. For this reason property inventories with other relevant socio-economic surveys, and fixing a cut- off- date after proper consultation and announcement is instrumental to avoid unnecessary and sometimes fraudulent claim for compensation. According to the World Bank OP 4.12 (2004) procedures, the following project affected citizens will be eligible for compensation:

(e) Those who have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional rights of occupancy recognized under the laws of the country);

(f) Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time of census begins but have a claim to such land or assets provided that such claim are recognized under the laws of the country, or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan; and

(g) Those who have no claim to land they are occupying.

Moreover, past experiences of compensation processes indicates setting some criteria is very important to identify eligible individuals for compensation. In this regard setting a particular date as a cut -off date is essential. Individuals whose properties inventoried prior to this date are eligible for compensation. For the Mekenajo-Dembidolo road upgrading project, April o3/2006 designated as a cut-off-date. Any construction within the 3om of ROW in rural and 2om ROW in urban areas after this date is not subject to any kind of compensation. Proper notifications and consultations were done during property inventory periods. Fixing such cut-off date is quite essential so as to avoid unnecessary and sometimes fraudulent claim for compensation. Easing the compensation process through such fixed criteria also helps during the construction stage that usually delayed by issues related to compensation and relocation.

5.3 Process

Once the Wereda and town level compensation committees approve holdings and use rights of an individual who would lose houses, crop lands, permanent trees, fruit trees, business installations and other properties, individuals will be eligible for compensation. Eligibility for compensation is also discussed in proclamation No 45512005 of the Federal Government of Ethiopia, Article 44(2) of the constitution, and ERAS' resettlement /rehabilitation framework. These are adopted as part of this RAP.

Proclamation IVo 45512005 of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Article 2(1) stipulates the issue like this:-

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"A landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of compensation for his property situated on the land and for permanent improvements he made to such lands. However, prospectors or individuals who may come to the project area after the cut of date for an anticipation of compensations or other reasons are not entitled for compensation".

Hence, based on the above-mentioned legal platform and international policy frameworks, all project affected individuals (except encroachers after the cut-off- date) have a legal and a policy mandate to be eligible for compensation.

6. Methods of valuing compensation for loss of houses and business

On the basis of proclamation number 45512005 compensation for expropriation of landholdings for public purposes or impacts of projects has to be calculated at replacement cost approach. Replacement cost as discussed in OP4.12 "is the method of valuation of assets that helps to determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not be taken into account". Hence, in determining the replacement cost, depreciation of assets and salvage materials are not taken into account, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the project deducted from the valuation of affected assets. ERA'S Resettlement I Rehabilitation Policy Framework, which was issued before proclamation 45512005, also take the gross current replacement cost as the basis for calculation for compensation. Cross current replacement cost is defined as "the estimated cost of erecting a building as new having the same gross external area that existing with the site works and services on a similar piece of land". Hence, the valuation of affected assets within the ROW of the Mekenajo-Dembidolo project considers a replacement cost approach for determination of compensation payments. Span Consultants in Association with 47 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancv Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. preparationof RAP B Review of Detailed ~ngineerin~Design and Tender document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

For inventory of assets, land acquisition surveys, valuation of properties and delivery of entitlements the consultant team worked with the Wereda ad-hock compensation committees. Accordingly the following variables are adopted for valuation of affected houses and other structures. (I) The current construction cost for replacement (with no allowance for depreciation) is considered. (2) The compensation rate is estimated on the basis of the type of the affected houses or other structures. (3) The cost of each house and other buildings that would be replaced is estimated on the basis of specification and current market prices.

Compensation amounts for houses and other buildings worked out on the basis of the current cost per square meter or unit for replacing a comparable one. This method is applicable for impacted fences as well. For the methods of valuing affected social services , fruit and eucalyptus trees and business both productivity valuation methods, current market valuation, material and labor valuation and average monthly income are taking into consideration. For losses that cannot easily be valued or compensated for in monetary term, (e.g. access to public services, grazing lands, customers and suppliers etc.) attempts shall be made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities. (OP4.12).

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6.1. Principles for Compensation

According to the proclamation, ERA'Sframework and established practices, the following considerations and assumptions were applied in assessing the amount of compensation for loss of houses and businesses:

Compensation and entitlements provided to PAPS are adequate to at least maintain or improve their pre-project standard of living; Compensation for replacement of houses and buildings is calculated at the current construction cost (based on the floor area and type of construction material) without allowing for depreciation of the assets to be replaced; Urban landholders who will be completely displaced from their locations are entitled to a displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the house to be demolished;

Partially affected houses are considered as fully affected if impacted 25% or above and are entitled to compensation for the entire house; The entire project affected persons, irrespective of whether they have formal legal title to land or not, are considered for compensation.

The compensation principles for urban affected households regarding residential houses, and business are presented below.

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Table 6.1: Entitlement Matrix for Urban Population Fullv Affected Category of Type of loss Entitlements I PAPS 1Compensation for land & I Compensation for I Compensation for loss I Moving allowance I Other Assistances structures loss of assets / of income I / 1 Business A new land comparable or Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting cost for non Provisions of basic owner better advantage lost assets during for disruption periods. fixed assets, removal social services like relocation/demolishi Multiplying the average of salvage materials & electric city, potable

1 1 better structure for the 1 ng- & other I monthly income of the I debris / water and access I business. improvements done owners by roads. disruption andthe I transition Rental accommodation Provision 1 construction of Replacement cost Additional tenant I I comparable or better I of the lost assets I for disruption periods. I fixed assets. Removal I social services like I business structure by the during demolishing Multiplying the average of salvage materials electric city, potable Kebele 1 urban & relocation monthly income of the and debris water and access I administration at the same tenants by disruption incorporated with the roads. I rental cost & location and transition periods. costs of the advantages municipalities . Kebeles. &Residence I A new land comparable or I owner better advantage Structure Costs to rebuild a new Replacement cost Non Shifting costs for non Provisions of basic residence in similar or for the lost assets, & fixed assets. Removal social services like I I ( better structures within the I improvements I 1 of salvage materials 1 electric city, potable 1 I I new plot. 1 made on land and 1 I and debris. I water and access I I I I ( extension of social I I I roads. I I I I I services to the I

Shifting costs for non Provisions of basic tenant comparable or better for the lost asset fixed assets. Removal social services like houses for the tenants during demolishing of salvage materials electric city, potable I within the new plot that has I and transfer. 1 and debris included 1 water and access I

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Partially Affected Category of Type of loss Entitlements PAPS Compensation for land & Compensation for Compensation for loss Moving allowance Other Assistances structures loss of assets 1 of income 1 1 Business Land Non owner Structures Costs to rebuild/restructure Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting cost for non business premises within of the lost assets & for disruption periods. fixed assets & the remaining plot in a extension of social Multiplying the average removal of salvage similar or better condition. services. monthly income of the materials Structures affected bellow owners by the 25% is partial impact. disruption and transition periods. Business Rental accommodation Provision / construction of Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting cost for non Provisions of social tenant comparable business of the lost assets for disruption periods. fixed assets. Removal services like electric structure by the urban / Multiplying the average of salvage materials city, potable water Kebele administration at monthly income of the and debris will be and access road if the same rental cost & tenants by disruption incorporated with the they transferred to location advantages and transition periods. costs of the another location. municipalities or Kebeles. Residence Land Non 1 -- -- owner Structure Costs to rebuild/restructure I Replacement cost Non costs for non the residence in similar or for the lost assets & fixed assets. Removal better conditions within the extension of social of salvage materials remaining plot. Structures services. and debris. affected bellow 25% is partial impact. Residence Rental accommodation Replacement cost- Shifting costs for non Provision of social tenant for the lost asset in fixed assets. Removal services like electric times of shifting. of salvage materials city, potable water, the same rental cost within and debris shall be and access road if they transferred to

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places that has location costs of the another location. advantages. municipalities or Kebeles. Vulnerable Structures, business & Provisions as per the type Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting costs for non Special attentions groups rental accommodation of loss and title. for the lost asset for the lost income as fixed assets, salvage from local officials, and title. stated above if they materials and debris logistical support, engaged in business based on their title. helping to restore activities properties and livelihoods. 10% additional payment. Squatters' Costs to rebuild their Replacement cost impacted structures that for the lost assets has been served for during demolishing residences/business & transfer. Street Costs to rebuild their lost Replacement cost Payments for the Shifting costs for non Vendors structure that served for for the lost asset disturbed & transition fixed assets and business. during demolishing period if they engaged salvage materials. and transfer. in business.

6.1.1 Compensation for loss of Houses

Out of the total 1630 affected residential houses and other buildings, 1543 of them which accounted 94.67%in urban and rural areas alike are made up of wood and mud with CIS roofing. In addition to this there are 22 huts, 1.34%,with thatched roofing in rural areas and 46 houses made of concrete blocks and CIS roofing in urban areas which accounted 2.82% from the total, will also be affected. Appropriate compensation pertinent to the specific conditions of the residential houses and other buildings shall be paid to the owners.

Table 6.2: Types of houses that will be affected by the road project I Section 1 TownlPA I Mud with 1 Thatched C.1.S Fences

Arnara Gucho 2 o o 2 Alern Teferi Town I 144 o 4 0 0 148 1 Tave Awetu I 4 I o 01o I o 141 Arere chole 1 o o o o 1 Chamo 12 1 o o o o 12

Section 3 Chanka Town 161 11 2 3 2 o 197 Mechara Town 138 1 1 1 o 141 ------Debre Birhan 2 o o o o 2 Rob Gebeya 114 o o o o 7 Town Ano Michael 7 o o o o 9 Minko (Seyo) 9 -1 o 2 o 12 Dernbidolo Town 140 o Total 571 15 Grand total 1543 22 Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006.

Given the poor structural designs and standards of houses in the project area and the country as a whole, partial damages usually cause major problem on the entire housing

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unit. Thus, houses eligible for partial damage of 25% and above shall be compensated for full damage.

Households that will lose the entire or majority of their land to the extent of being unable to rebuild their houses in the same compound shall be provided with land required for the construction of the new houses. this is mainly applicable to the residents living around the realigned sections in Ayra, Harosebu (Alem Teferi) and Gebarobi towns. There are also houses and buildings, especially shops and businesses in all the other towns that have no backyards and have to be relocated. Besides the land replacement and compensation for the houses, this category of PAPS will be entitled to displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual cost of renting a similar house in the town.

Table 6.3: Partial and fully affected houses along the project I Werda I TownlPA / Partially ( Fully ( Total 1 % Cirnbi Mekenajo 8 1 9 1 0.55% Lalo Asabi Cerji Liben 8 1 9 0.55% Were Babu 2 o 2 0.122% Nano lnango 2 o 2 0.122%. lnango Town 311 60 371 22.76% Horda Daleti 5 8 13 0.8% Jarso Darnot 11 14 2 5 1.53% Kelei Sibirber 9 o 9 0.55% Ayra Culiso Culiso Town 136 27 , 163 10% I Kuta Korrna 1 10 11 1 0.06% I Wayu Kole 11 2 13 0.8% Ayra Town 79 112 191 11.7%

Dale Sedi Alern Teferi Town 142 6 148 1 9.07% Taye Awetu 4 o 4 0.24% Arere Chole o 1 1 0.06% Chamo 11 1 12 - - 0.73% Codele Kombo 6 o 6 0.37% Cawo Dale Chanka Town 170 27 197 12.08% Hawa Wollel Mechara Town 123 18 141 8.65% Debre Birhan 2 o 2 0.122% Rob Cebeya Town 72 42 114 7% I ~eyo Ano Michael 7 2 9 0.55% Mincho 11 1 12 0.73% Dembidolo Town 147 10 157 9.63% Total 1296 334 1630 99.94%% Source:-Consultant field survey, 2006

For Kebele owned rented residential houses and other buildings compensation shall be paid to respective Kebeles so that they could reconstruct the houses and rent to the households that were living in the demolished houses at the same rate to the previous house. The households are also entitled to displacement compensation mentioned above. The consultant strictly believes that either Kebele owned houses or privately owned ones should not be demolished prior to finalization of the new constructions. Hence, possible claim of costs for covering renting other houses until new ones are finalized will be out of question. As already discussed in 4.2.1 sub-section of this manual, there are 187 Kebele

Span Consultants in Association with 5 4 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) associations owned rented houses, 19 buildings collaterally owned by commercial bank of Ethiopia, 14 Institutions, 48 municipality owned structures, and 1362 privately owned houses to be affected partially and fully. Out of the total 1630 impacted residential houses and other buildings, 334 of them are fully affected and 1296 of them are partially affected. Compensation principle for losses of structures for both dwellings and business are given above. Compensation for houses and other buildings are worked out on the bases of full compensation payments for the part of the house affected 25% and above and for the part only if less than 25%is affected multiplied by its floor area. For valuation of impacted properties materials used for constructions are taken into considerations and given bellow. Full descriptions of compensation budget for structures are given in annex 4

Based on the information gathered from the urban administrations and consultant engineers, the following rates are applied for compensation computation in this RAP

Table 6.4: Compensation Rates for Affected Houses and Fences Affected House/ Fence Unit Birr/ Unit

Hollow block building with CIS roof m1of built area 1.200 I Wood and Mud building with CIS roof I m1of built area I 600 1 I Cottage (residential) with thatch roof 1 No. I 2,500 1 l~------t*lCottage (service or store) with thatch roof Wooden fence m1of surface loo

1 Mesh wire fence with iron poles m2of surface 400 Brick fence m2of surface 400 I C.I.S wall 1 m20fsurface I soo I

Source: Wereda level professionals and Consultant engineers, 2006

6.1.2. Compensation for Business

Businesses are located along road sides in pursuit of the location advantage for commercial activities. In small towns they are often constructed as extensions to already existing residences at very small distance from roads. Such is the case with most of the businesses to be affected by the Mekenajo - Dembidolo road project.

Dislocations of businesses have far more significant negative impacts on the incomes and livelihoods of the owners than would be relocated residences. The impact will even get higher when the businesses are relocated away from the main road or the centers of the towns. Therefore, business owners shall be paid compensations for loss of earnings in addition to compensations for the structures1 houses and other transaction costs. Compensation for business shall be inclusive of additional payments for disruption periods. Four-to-six months will be elapsed for the restoration of business installations. For this reason multiplying an average monthly income of business (Birr 1500) to disruption and transition periods for restoration of livelihoods might mitigate the problem, including payments for transportation costs for non-fixed assets. Moreover, relocation/restoration of business needs to be done close to the road corridors and in towns. (In a relatively congested village sections) Table 6.5: Occupational stratifications of project affected household heads. Span Consultants in Assoc~ationwith 5 5 Beza Consulting Eng~neers i Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

No Types occupation Gimbi - AyraGuliso - GawoDale - Total LaloAsabi DaleSedi Seyo Wereda Wereda Wereda Carpenter 8 o 1 9 -Farmer 127 30 211 368 3 Pensioned 5 1 1 7

19 Road work o 1 o 1 20 N .A 129 34 8 9 252 21 Total 766 176 577 1519 Source: -Consultant field survey, 2006

The trader category upholds those involved in retail trading activities of various item including food stuffs, shop keepers, local drink brewers tea and coffee shops owners, restaurants, rural drug vendors, bear house owners and other small scale commercial endeavors.

Among these groups of household head PAP'S, the carpenters, tailors, traders, Iron smith's and mechanic workers (owners) demanded land-to-land compensation nearby their previous holdings. Their demand (if matched) is highly related to not to lose customers and being "not too far" from the main road. Out of the total 1519 house hold head PAPS, 622 of them constituted the small scale entrepreneur category (40.94%). During the socio-economic survey, the study team noted that PAPS were either overstating or understating their incomes from their businesses. From informal discussions it was found out that those who overstated their incomes were in anticipation of more compensation. They have got information from other areas correlating the level of income with the amount of compensation for the businesses. On the other hand those PAPS who were highly understating their incomes probably afraid of high taxes. Still others declined to give a conclusive answer for their monthly income levels. Hence, the income data collected from household head PAPS were highly flawed and unreliable to base compensation calculation for loss of business earnings and estimation of income/expenditure. For the purpose of this RAP, the team has estimated Birr 1500 as an average monthly income for businesses after making a sample survey on 371 traders at lnango town. The total compensation for loss of business earnings is, then, calculated to be the estimated average monthly income multiplied by six months for all businesses affected (622~1~00~6)=~,~g8,ooo.

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Table 6.6: compensation for affected businesses

I Amount in Birr Average monthly income 1500 No. of Months for compensation 6 No. of Traders affected 622 Total compensation 5,598,000 Source: Consultant computation

6.2. Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Farmlands Proclamation 45512005, Article 8(1) states that a rural landholder whose holding has been expropriated permanently shall be paid for the loss equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. Hence, for valuing compensation for loss of farmlands or in determining the unit rate/ value per hectare of farmland, average yield and the unit price of the major crops grown in the area are taken in to consideration and the weighted average is calculated to gain the amount of money collected per hectare I annum. Details are given in sub-section 6.2.1.

OP4.2 states that the preferred option for loss of farmlands permanently is land based or land to land compensation with similar productive potential, location advantages and other factors at least equivalent to the possessed one. If this option is not matched or land to land compensation is not attainable, a non-land options have to be implemented that includes employment or self employment and other assistances in addition to cash compensation for the land and other assets lost.

The compensation principles for temporary and permanent loss of land and crops are given bellow.

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Table 6.7: Entitlement Matrix for Rural Population* Temporarily / Permanently Affected Type of loss Entitlements Category of compensation for land & Compensation for / Compensation for loss 1 Moving- allowance I Other Assistances PAPS structures loss of assets of income Own farmer Land permanently Full replacement of land with Crops on land, for Average annual income Mobility allowance Modem farming the same or better productive impfovements made of the farmer secured that includes techniques' potential & the title for the on land and land during the five years transpolfation cost for teaching by permanently affected land. preparation for the preceding the land non fixed assets. 1 extension workers 1 1 I 1 new harvest. 1 expropriation for ten I 1 and provisions of 1 years. No if a substitute imputes. land is given. Land Temporarily Restore land to its original Crops on land, for Average annual income Mobility allowance Reinstatement of 1condition. improvements made of the farmer secured that includes the land and on land and land during the five years transportation cost for modem farming + preparation for the preceding the land non fixed assets if techniques. I I 1 ( new harvest. I expropriation multiplied I available. I I by the number of years of the imuact. Partially impacted houses Costs to rebuild /restructure Replacement cost for Non for residential Shifting costs for non &other structures the residence in similar or the lost assets during houses. For Business fixed assets. Removal 1 I I better conditions in the I demolishing & I additional payments for 1 of salvage materials I I remaining plot. Structures relocation. disruption periods. and debris. affected bellow 25% will be Multiplying the average considered as a partial monthly income of the impact. owners by the disruption and transition eriods

by-.impacted houses & i A new land with comparable other structures location advantage and title I Comuensation to rebuild a I Replacement cost for rI Loss of income if there ( Shifting costs for non 1 Provisions of social 1 similar or better structure / I th; lost assets & is a business installation. fixed &sets. Removal services like houses in the new plot. extension of social Non for residential of salvage materials electric city, services if available houses. and debris potable water and access roads.

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Cropslfruit & non fruit A new land with comparable For annual crops it Valuation of fruit and Non bearing trees productive advantage. shall be based on the non fruit bearing trees modem imputes current market price shall be based on the and high yield fruit I I I I of the estimated I current and net present I I bearing trees. 1 1 I 1 1 production that could ( value of the future I I 1 have been harvested benefits that could have from the damaged been generated until crop. similar new trees comes to maturity. Lease holder Rental accommodation Full replacement of land Crops on land, for Refund the amount of Shifting costs for non farmer equal or better productive improvements made money paid for the fixed assets, removal potential or Refund the on land and land remaining lease years. of salvage materials amount of money that covers preparation for the This amount takes into remaining years. new harvest consideration interest rates and inflation. Improvements made on land. Structures, business & Compensation amounts Replacement cost for Additional payments for Shifting costs for non Special attentions I ~roups I rental accommodation I calculated as per above ( the lost asset I the lost income as stated I fixed assets salvage I from local officials, I 1- - I I mentioned variables and the 1 1 above will be done if 1 materials and debris 1 logistical support, I I I I title 1 I they engaged in business I based on their holding 1 helping to restore I activities rights. impacted properties and livelihoods. 10% additional I payments. I I I I Encroacher's I Land I Costs to rebuild their lost I Replacement cost for / None I Shifting costs for non I I I 1 asset and improvements I lost assetlcrops. I I fixed assets I I made on land. *Note: The compensation for affected rural residences is similar to the one stated to the urban population. As to the 1995 constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, there will not be a tenant farmer. This is strictly stipulated in article 40(3) of the constitution. In that "Iand shall not be subject to sale or other means of transfer"

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6.2.1. Compensation for Permanent Loss of Farmlands

Compensation for permanent loss of farmland depends on the average income from the same land for the five preceding years of expropriation. Although the project is upgrading one, there is more permanent loss of farmlands than temporary losses under the project operations due to the fact that all through the route inhabitants are residing in a relative congested manner in pockets of settlement areas. Beyond these settlement areas, the land is covered by bushes and savanna grasslands. Steps followed to calculate the average income is presented below.

Steps i - Primarily, the average yield (for six commonly grown crops) per hectare is calculated for each of the preceding five years. For simplicity, yield per hectare for each Wereda has been worked out by dividing the total tonnage of seasonal crops produced in each year by the total area covered with the same crops in each year. Based on these Wereda level yields, the average yield per hectare for the entire projected affected area has been computed as the simple average of Wereda-wise yields (Table 6.8). yTable 6.8: Crop YieldIHa for Five Years District 1998199 1999100 ZOOO/OI ZOO~/OZ 2002103 Yubdo 16.4 14.4 5.1 11.1 7.1 Seyo 16.8 9.8 17-7 29.5 13.9 Hawa Welel 13.2 20.3 21.9 11.5 9.2 Cimbi 9.2 8.9 10.5 9.4 3.0 Total 55.7 53.5 55-2 61.4 33.2 Average 13.9 13-4 13.8 15.3 8.3 Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department

Note: Yield is calculated from total production (mix of six crops) divided by total area covered with the same crops.

Step 2 - Determine the total area of land to be dispossessed permanently. This is estimated to be 276 ha.

Step 3 - Once the average yield for each of the preceding five years and the estimated total land area to be dispossessed permanently were determined, then the total production on the dispossessed land was calculated as a product of the two. Step 4 - In order to get the final value of the production from the dispossessed land, a weighted average price per quintal of the six crops has been calculated (Table 6.9). To this end, percentage share of each crop in total crop land cover of the districts affected was calculated. As a next step, share of land cover from one hectare of land was computed. By multiplying the crop land cover (column 2) by recent year yield of each crop (column 3)) the yield in quintal of each crop from its share in one hectare (column 4) is worked out. The price of each crop in column 5 is a one year average price in Nekemet last year. Multiplying the price with the yield gives the gross sales from each crop produced on 1 hectare of land, which is 866.8 Birr (Table 6.9). Dividing this with the total yield of the crops from the one hectare, (i.e. 9.59 qt), gives the weighted average price per quintal of the mixed crops (Birr go).

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Table 6.9: Weighted Average Market Price of a Quintal of Crops 1 Proportion of 1 Yield Yield I Market Price I Gross Sales I Crop C;;r per (Qtlha) QtlCrop Birr/Qt (Birr) Crop Type ~ area

I I 2 3 4=2*3 5 6=4*5 Maize 0.53 9.9 5.25 70 367.5 Sorghum 0.23 10.47 2.41 9 0 216.9 Teff 0.09 5.07 0 .q6 240 110.4 Barley 0.04 7.99 1 0.32 140 44.8 Wheat 0.03 14.22 0.43 160 68.8 Millet 0.09 8.16 0.73 1 8 o 58.4 Total 1 1.00 I 1 9.59 1 780 866.8

Weighted average market price per qt of mixed crops =866.8/9.59 = Birr go

Step 5 - By using the weighted average price, total value of production on the dispossessed land during the last five years has been worked out. Finally, the 5 years average income from the 276 ha of land to be dispossessed has been computed.

Table 6.10: Total Value of Production on Dis~ossessedLand Years Yield (mix of Area of Total production/ Price of Total Value of crops) in QtlHa dispossessed dispossessed land in product/Qt Production on land in Ha Qt dispossessed land 1 I 2 3 4=2*3 5 6=4*5 Year ,., 8.3 2,291 9 0 206,190 Year ,., 15.3 4,223 I 9 0 380,070 Year ,., 13.8 276 3,809 9 0 342,810 Year ,~, 13.4 3,698 90 332,820 Year ,., 13.9 3,836 9 0 345J40 I Total 17,857 1,607,130 I 5 year average 321,4261

Note: I. Year, is the year the expropriation of the land will take place and year ,., is the immediate preceding year and so on. 2. Production per hectare considers all crops that can be planted in the area on the proportion of the land covered with each crop at the Wereda level.

Once the average income for the preceding five years is calculated the compensation rate for permanent loss of farmland will be ten times the average amount, i.e. 10x321, 426 = Birr 3,214,260.

6.2.2. Compensation for Temporary Loss of Farmlands

Compensation for temporary loss of farmland follows a similar (with the permanent loss) calculation of the preceding five years average income from the expropriated land but it will be multiplied by the number of years the land shall stay expropriated. For the temporary loss of farmland, the holders will be paid an amount equal to the five years average income multiplied by five years. This will cover three crop years during Span Consultants ~nAssoc~ation w~th 6 1 Beza Consult~ngEngineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) construction and two years of soil recovery period after the land is returned to the holder. Based on this calculation, the compensation for temporary loss of farmland in the Mekenajo - Dembidolo road upgrading project is given below.

The average income from preceding five years for 276 ha of permanent loss of farmland was 321,426 Birr (as calculated in section 6.2.1 above). the average income from a single hectare would be 321,426 Birr divided by 276 ha which is equal to Birr 1,165 /ha.

The total temporary loss of farmland for quarry sites and detour roads is 48.6 ha. So the total compensation value is (5 yrs x 48.6 ha x 1,165 Birr) = Birr 283,095.

6.3. Compensation for Trees and Perennial Crops

Within the ROW of the existing road and on the realigned sections a number of trees and perennial crops will be affected. The compensation for the same has been calculated by summing the stream of discounted incomes each plant can give over years until a similar new tree comes to maturity. An estimated total of i4ha of land with perennial crops will be affected by the project. Out of the total 65%is covered by Eucalyptus, 15%with Mango, 10% with Coffee, 7%with Banana and 3% with Avocado. The total number of trees to be affected is given in Table 6.11.

Table 6.11: Trees and perennial crops to be affected Trees Area Covered in Trees in i Ha of Total number of I Ha land trees Eucalyptus 22,750

Coffee 2000 2,800 Banana 1.0 4000 4,000 Avocado 111 Total 30,245 Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006. Eucalypt:us Tree

Eucalyptus trees mature in five years time. Therefore, the compensation for this tree will be the net present value of harvests from the tree within the five year period. Once eucalyptus tree is cut it is only after five years that it will again give another harvest from the same original root. So, according to the compensation principles, this means that the value of compensation for the tree is just the market value of the single harvest. A total of 22,750 eucalyptus trees of different sizes will be affected by the road construction. For the calculation of the compensation the price of an average eucalyptus tree is estimated to be Birriz. 'therefore, the total compensation to be paid for eucalyptus trees is 22,750 x 12 = Birr 273,000.

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Depending on the number of years each specific tree takes from planting to maturity and the average annual value of outputs from each tree the net present values of the trees is calculated (Table 6.12). An inflation rate of 11% (for stream of incomes) and current bank interest rate of 7%(for discount rate) are considered for the calculation.

WPV= ~F'*i/(i+r)'+cF2*l/ (l+r)' + ... + ~F"*l/(l+r)",where NPV is net present value of future sales of outputs from each tree CF - cash flow from sale of outputs r - Current bank interest rate n -The last year of cash inflow for the specific tree

Table 6.12: Net Present Values of Trees to be affected Discount Mango Coffee Banana Avocado Factor (at Stream of Net Stream Net Present Stream Net Stream of Net Year 7%) income in Present of Value in of Present income in Present = r/(r+o.o7)n Birr Value income Birr income Value in Birr Value in in Birr in Birr in Birr Birr Birr 1 0.935 70 65.5 20.0 18.7 40 1 37.4 120.0 112.2 2 0.873 78 67.8 22.2 19.4 o 133.2 . 116.3 3 0.816 8 6 70.4 24.6 20.1 o 147.9 120.6 4 0.763 96 73 27.4 20.9 o 164.1 125.2 5 0.713 106 75.8 I o 182.2 129.9 6 0.666 118 78.6 O 202.2 134.7 Total 431 79 37.4 738.9

Based on the net present values of each of the trees above, the total values of compensation are provided in Table 6.13.

Table 6.13: Value of Compensation for Trees Net Present Value Total Number of trees Total Value of Tv~eof Tree in Birr affected Corn~ensationin Birr I Mango I 431 1 584 1 251,704 I

( Coffee II 79 ) 2,800 1 221,200 1 I Banana I 37 1 4,000 I 148,000 1 Avocado 739 111 82,029 Total Value of Compensation in Birr 702,933

6.4. Compensation for Affected Services

Based on Proclamation No.45512005 article (6) sub-article(z), the body which has received a request to remove utilities shall determine a fair compensation required to replace the lines to be removed and send details of its valuation to the requesting body within 30 days. Compensation payments for affected electric and telephone lines shall include

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Table 6.14: the compensation estimates for Affected Services Type Station Quantity in Rate Total in Birr 1 I 1 I/ i / Meters I (Birrlmeter) / Tele line i 40+620+41+240 i 620 10 6.200 I Tele line 1 ?+200-4+600 C3Avra Town 1.400 ! 10 1 14.000 I I Electric line i 7+600-9+200 I 600 1 ! ------L------..-..-...------4 ------b------.....--.----- 3Ci Electric line 1 2+ooo-2+800 @Alern Teferi 800 i I + L.-...... ------k x.-; Electric line i16+1oo-ii8+ooo Chanka 1,900 / ...... @...... ------.--~----~~ +i I i!~..! Water pipes 1-

Source: Respective zone institutions, 2006

7. Organizational Procedures for Delivery of Entitlements

The organizational procedure presented here indicates the responsibilities of the various stakeholders to be involved in the delivery of entitlement rights and compensations due

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Final verifications and registrations of and Project Affected People (PAP) and make clear their entitlement rights. In this regard the Kebele and Wereda authorities shall have a role in enforcing entitlements to PAPs who were found to be eligible. The cut-off date for eligibility shall be respected (the cut- off - date is the final date when the field inventory was completed on 03, April, 2006). Work together for the facilitation of the legal and administrative rights of PAPs Assessment of the resettlement action plan and monitoring of it to ensure compliance with national and international agreements. Consultations with PAPs to reach a common understanding and consensus regarding their entitlement rights and to solve misunderstandings.

Commercial Nominees contracted by ERA will pay compensations either in cash or bank payment orders after agreements with individual PAP. Handover of the cash or cheque will take place in the presence of the compensation committee members and affected individuals (both husband and wife are preferably be present on the occasion or legal representative of a given household).

7.1. Compensation Committee

The RAP will be implemented by the Contract and Planning Division of ERA through the Right of Way Branch and EMB in consultations with local government authorities (Wereda, municipality and Kebele administrations) and road project contractors. Day to day supervision and monitoring will be conducted by the road project Resident Engineers. Periodic supervision and monitoring will be arranged by the ERA.

As it has been indicated above, ERA will be responsible for the implementation of the compensation process and relocation of PAPs, after new sites are selected and prepared for resettlement. Zonal, Wereda, Municipalities, urban and rural.kebele administration officials of the project area shall be consulted. For the whole process, in addition to the aforementioned government and public institutions, the participation of representatives of PAPs, community elders and other stakeholders is highly demanded. During the field assessment by the consultant team, the following governmental institutions and community representatives were consulted.

Zonal administration off ices Municipalities of the towns affected Wereda level administration offices Zonal water resource offices Zonal telecommunication offices Zonal E.P.C offices Span Consultants in Association with 65 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Wereda level water resource offices Zonal statistical desks Wereda level agricultural desks Rural and urban kebele administration offices Community elders

As the above actors do have a direct and indirect stakes over the RAP, their participation should be sought whenever required. In the field survey it was revealed that there is high enthusiasm on the part of the communities living along the project area. The people had made strong pledge for cooperation and participation in the entire project implementation period. Tables 7.1 and 7.2 present respective roles and responsibilities of the major stakeholders during the implementation of the compensation process for both urban area and rural areas.

Table 7.1: Roles of Institutions for the implementation of the RAP (Town)

No. I Institutions Responsibilities 1 I Ministry of Federal I - Follow up and ensure the practicality of the proclamation Affairs - Giving technical and capacity building assistance - Preparation of national valuation formula for determination of compensation 2 Ethiopian Roads - Management, implementation of the resettlement action plan, Authority, (ERA) compensation, monitoring and evaluation. - Management for the restoration of basic amenities like water, electronic and telephone lines. - Coordination of the various stakeholders' offices under its direct Office supervisions, awareness creation, monitoring and evaluation of the imolernentation of the oroiect 4 Zonal Administration Coordination of the whole resettlement issues, facilitations of Offices land for land compensations, restorations of services, monitoring

5 Zonal industry and urban Preparations of site plans for the relocated PAPS and estimation development desks or of compensation for affected houses and other individual deoartments productive installations. 6 Municipalities p, of support for the restoration of livelihoods, giving special attentions and support for the disabled, sick, elderly and female headed households. 7 Zonal Agricultural - Preparation of cost estimation for affected crops, cash crops and Offices or desks other individually owned vegetations. Supporting PAPS in the restoration of their livelihoods. Urban Water Supply - Responsible in the restoration of affected water supplies and construction of new lines in areas where PAP relocated/housed. KebeleAssociations& - Organizing PAPS for the implementation of RAP, awareness Community Leaders creation and working together with other stakeholders for the fairness of selection of relocation sites and other related process. - Consultations for the fairness of valuation of properties, resettlement costs and provisions of special attentions for FHH, elders, disabled and sick PAPS. Representatives of PAP - Ensuring the well-being of PAPS and represent them in all 1 I ) meetings. They are expected to work together with ERA'S right 1 of way branch and other stakeholders. 1 11. I Telecommunication I - Restoration of telephone lines and construction of new ones for 1 I PAP'S. 1 Span Consultants in Association with 66 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised)

1 No. I Institutions Res~onsibilities - Restoration of electric lines and provisions of its services for

Table 7.2: Role of lnstitutions for the implementation of the RAP (Rural)

Institutions Responsibilities Ministry of Federal - Follow up and ensure the practicality of the proclamation affairs - Giving technical and capacity building assistance - Preparation of national valuation formula for determination of com~ensation I r Ethiopian Roads I - Management of implementation of the resettlement action plan, Authority (ERA) compensation, monitoring and evaluation. Oromia Regional Statel - Coordination of the various stakeholder offices under its direct Office supervisions, awareness creation, monitoring and evaluation of the im~lementation. Zonal Administration - Coordination of the whole resettlement issues, facilitations of Offices land for land compensations, restorations of services, monitoring compensations, selections and confirmations of relocation sites. Wereda Administration - Identifications and selections of land for relocation of PAPs, Offices provisions of the necessary support for the restoration of livelihoods. They are responsible in facilitation of RAP and giving special attentions for the needy. Wereda Agricultural - Preparation of cost estimation for affected crops, perennial crops Officesldecks and other individually owned vegetations. - Sup~ortingPAPS in the restoration of their lively hoods. Representativesof PAP - Ensuring the well-being of PAPS and represent them in all meetings. They are expected to have strong role and work together with ERA'S right-of-way branch and other stakeholders.

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Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8. Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road haradina Proiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) Awareness Creation Phase

Briefings to the appropriate bodies (at Regional, Zonal and Wereda Levels) on the Mekenajo-Dembidolo upgrading project and its impacts will be done by the client. Committee members to be formed in charge of the compensation process are expected to be well aware of their duties and responsibilities. Committee members in turn with representatives of the PAPSand community elders will elaborate the scope and nature of the project. The orientation and briefing will help to establish a transparent and full participation of the PAPS and others, thereby smoothing the compensation, relocation and restoration of livelihood. Composition of the compensation committee in rural areas will uphold representative from the Wereda administration, ROW agent, representative from Wereda agriculture and rural development and representatives of PAPs. In urban sections of the road committee members will be representative from the municipality or town administration, ROW agent, representative from Wereda urban development office and representatives from PAPs.

Committee Formation Phase

The Ethiopian Roads Authority in close collaborations with the Oromia National Regional state and its lowest administrative bodies are responsible to inform about the project cause and formation of the ad-hoc compensation committees at Wereda level. The Client, ERA, is expected to draw a time frame for this task. The Oromia National Regional State and its lowest administrative bodies are responsible to establish these ad-hock compensation committees at Weredas, towns and villages to facilitate identification of eligible PAPs, property inventories, valuation of affected properties, selection of resettlement sites and compensation payments in consultations with ERA'S ROW branch.

Compensation Phase

This phase is a stage where all form of compensations will be executed in accordance with eligibility criteria and principles outlined earlier. ERA is responsible to compensate all impacted properties and use rights. Proper notifications have to be made by the compensation committee to project affected people to collect their remunerations. Based on these notifications, owners of properties or their representatives will be checked in relation to the study document for eligibility and receive their compensation amount in the presence of the compensation committee. For fast transfer of money and transparency purposes ERA will contract financial institutions like Commercial Nominees.

Time required for Compensation and Relocation

All compensation and relocation activities should be completed ahead of the civil works. No relocation is done prior to the compensation. Experience from other indicates that four to six (4-6) months would be enough for relocation/restoration of the affected people if proper support, guidance and supervisions are in place.

Reporting

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The R.0.W branch, zonal and Wereda level administrative offices will produce a report regarding their accomplishments and would submit to ERA and the Oromia Regional State. The regional state has a responsibility to notify to the client (ERA) about the accomplishment of the compensation process and the readiness of sites for road constructions.

7.3. Budget Requirement for Compensation Committee

The ad-hock compensation committee has a responsibility to ensure proper assessment and timely disbursement of compensations to PAPS. The committee is expected to provide a progress report to the regional government office, zonal, Wereda administrations, municipalities (city councils) and to the client (ERA). As committee members shall be entitled for per diem payments compatible to the rate they deserve a minimum cost of 70 Birr per day, shall be paid. Fund required for the compensation committee is estimated as under Table 7.3.

Table 7.3: Budget Requirement for Compensation Committee

1 NO. Cost Item Amount (Birr) 1 1 I Per diem for 4 members for 120 days 70 birrlday I 33,600.00 1 I Per diem for 2 surveyors for 120 days 50 birrlday 12,000.00 1 2 I I I 3 Per diem for 1 driver for 120 days 50 birrlday 6,000.00 I I 4 1 Per diem for i Professional from EMU for 45 days 70 Birrlday 3,150.00 I I 5 1 Fuel and lubricants lgobirrlday for 120 days 18,000.oo I I Total I 729750.00

Financial resources for the implementation of compensations and relocations and resettlements process will be provided by ERA.

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Figure: 7.z.Composition of the Implementing Committees

ERA

RAP Compensation RAP Compensation Committee Committee Urban Areas Rural Areas

Representative of the Representative from the Municipality

Representative from Wereda Representative form Wereda Urban Development Office Agriculture Office Member

< Representatives from PAP Representatives from PAP Member Member \ 1 \ 1

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8. Grievance Redress Mechanism

8.1. Arbitration Process

Where a dispute arises between parties, in this case mainly between ERA, local government offices and project affected persons; the initially preferred means of settling disputes is arbitration. Such grievance redressing mechanism have a legal backup in the constitution including, Articles 3325-3336 of the civil code (1960), proclamation No.455/2005 and Article 11 of proclamation No.456/2005. As to this article "Where disputes arise over rural land holding rights, efforts shall be made to resolve the dispute through discussion and agreement of the concerned parties. Where the dispute could not be resolved through agreement it shall be decided by an arbitral body to be elected by the parties or to be decided in accordance with the rural land administration laws of the region."

Such conflict resolution mechanism is suggested for reasons of timesaving, minimizing bureaucracy, cost savings and the traditionally accepted nature of such mechanism. The concerned parties may determine the number and composition of the arbitral tribunal. It is suggested that the maximum number of the arbitral tribunal members should not exceed five. This would allow meaningful representations and avoid unnecessary delay in decision-making. Individual members. of the compensation committee who initially decided the compensation rates should by no means be member of the arbitral tribunal since they have already taken a position. The Oromia national regional state land use and land administration proclamation No. 56/2002 article 25(4) refers such traditional mechanism as one way of resolving problem during land expropriations for public purposes and compensation payments.

Accordingly, the ad-hoc arbitration committee will be inclusive of the following members: In urban areas Two members elected by the project-affected persons from the community. One member from the kebele administration One member from the city council One member from urban development department In rural areas One member from Wereda administration One member from Wereda agricultural office One member from kebele peasant association Two members elected by the project-affected persons from the community.

8.2. Grievance Process

The procedures for handling grievances will be as follows if not resolved amicably:

The affected person will file his discontents in writing to committee chairperson. The grievance needs to be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. Where the affected

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person is unable to write, he shall obtain assistance to write the note and emboss the letter with his thumb print; Committees will respond within fifteen days after they discussed the matter with the aggrieved person. If the grievance relates to valuation of assets, experts may need to be requested to revalue the assets, and this may necessitate a longer period of time. In this case, the aggrieved person must be notified by the committee that hislher complaint is being considered; If the aggrieved person does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the outcome helshe may lodge the case to the local Court; Decisions of local courts will be the final. But the preferred option for dispute settlement is amicable settlement and arbitration among aggrieved parties. Project affected people; also have a right to appeal their cases to ERA'S Right-of-way Branch, to the resident engineer or to the contractor before taking their appeals to the court.

8.3. General Process

The process for grievance redress is shown in Fig 8.1

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Fig 8.1:- Project Affected Persons Grievance Resolution Channels

RAP - IC presents the compensation package to PAP

compensation package

The PAP refuses to accept the compensation package and expresses his reservation to the RAP-IC

by the RAP-IC to explain why the package is not acceptable to him

PAP'S Decision .-= .-=

The PAP and the RAP-IC fail to agree ad either party reports the situation to the local authority

The local authority brings the PAP and the RAP-IC for further discussion

I Decision

The PAP and RAP-IC fail to agree and the local authority appoints arbitral tribunal PAP Project Affected Person

RAP Resettlement Action Plan The arbitral tribunal hears from the IC Implementing Committee PAP and the RAP-IC. The tribunal ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority

I R.0.W Right -of Way Agent The RAP-IC review the compensation package The PAP refuses to accept the M as agreed by the PAP verdict of the arbitral tribunal

PAP accepts the package The RAP-IC refuses to review the compensation package as per the + verdict of the arbitral tribunal

The PAP receives the The PAP takes his case to compensation from ERA Right of-way Agent

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9. RAP Implementation Cost

Budget requirement for the implementation of RAP according to Ethiopian Roads Authority resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework is inclusive of compensation costs for the relocations of project affected households, restoration of assets and properties, replacement of dwellings, working places and restorations of social amenities and services. Details regarding estimation of compensation for the affected residential houses and other buildings are presented in annex 4.

-the method adopted for valuing affected assets and properties has been based on replacement cost approach. The compensation for affected farmlands is based on unit rates and productivity established in this RAP. Although the project is upgrading one, there is more permanent loss of farmlands than temporary losses under the project operations due to the fact that all through the route inhabitants are residing in a relative congested manner in pockets of settlement areas. Beyond these settlement areas, the land is covered by bushes and savanna grasslands. Compensation payments for residential houses and other buildings are worked out in assuming full compensation for 25% and above impacted parts of a given property and payments for only damaged parts bellows. The total amount of resources required for compensating the affected people and restoring some of the utilities is worked out on the bases of 3om of ROW in rural areas and 2om in urban areas.

The source of funding for the implementation of the RAP is the Ethiopian government and disbursement of the budget is subject to monitoring by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, (MoFED), after ratified by the house of people's representatives. The summery budget is presented bellow.

Table 9.1:ResettlementlRehabilitation Budget*

Compensation to be paid for Compensation Amount (Birr) 1

1 Compensation for all types of houses and institutions I 2 Permanent loss of strips of farmlands 36J223J4543,214,260 1 3 Temporary loss of strips of farmlands 283,095 4 Loss of fruit bearing and non fruit bearing trees 975,933 5 Compensation for loss of income in business 5J598J000 6 Compensation for affected social services 614,333-92

8 A budget for vulnerable group members assistance

lo Total 11 Contingency (10%) 41767~254,9 12 Grand Total 52,439,803.8 *Detailed unit costs are given in Annex 4

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lo. Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1. Responsible Authority

The Environmental Protection Authority is responsible to give political and popular support for the sustainable use of natural, human made and cultural resources and environmental management at Federal, Regional, Zonal, Wereda and community level. EPA is also responsible for the management, coordination and evaluation of environmental issues from the Federal down to the community level as stated in the Environmental Policy of the country (1995). Moreover, the aforementioned authority is responsible for the integration of environmental planning with development planning.

To minimize and alleviate environmental impacts the Oromia national regional state established regional environmental office in 2002. This office is responsible to ensure matters pertaining to the region's environmental, social and economic development activities are carried out in a manner that will protect the welfare of human beings as well as sustainable use and develop of natural resources. To achieve this end the regional government environmental office adopted a community based or led environmental protection strategy in addition to having offices at Wereda level. Hence, the roles of Wereda level environmental offices and local communities are important in environmental conservation and management.

The Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch of ERA will monitor the implementation of this RAP. Monitoring aim to correct implementation methods during the course of the project as required. Evaluation is intended to check whether the RAP has been implemented in accordance with existing local and international laws and procedures. Monitoring will be internal and external and expected to be done by the Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch as an internal monitor, and municipality and local administration representatives as an external monitor.

Monitoring will provide both a warning system for corrective measures and a channel for affected people to make known their needs and reactions to the executed RAP. Internal monitoring is a performance monitoring of the physical progress of the RAP, inputs, outputs and outcomes. External monitoring should focus on impacts and outputs.

According to ERA'S Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework, evaluation needs to be external. ERA will hire or consult local NGO's or consultants for this purpose. The participation of project affected people in monitoring and evaluation processes is crucial. Evaluation will be used as a planning instrument to correct pending issues and suggest a post project monitoring period in the aim to ensure that PAP'S have not been. subject to impoverishment after the project.

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10.2. Objectives

The general objectives of evaluation and monitoring, which are key components of the resettlement action plan are: Monitoring of specific situations or difficulties arising from the implementation of the RAP and its compliance. Evaluation of the long and mid-term positivelnegative impacts of the resettlementlrehabilitation framework on the project affected people and the community in the project area.

Furthermore, the main purpose of monitoring will be to verify:

Actions and commitments described in the RAP are implemented; Eligible project affected people receive their compensations prior to the civil work; The magnitude of RAP actions and compensation measures in restoring improving pre- project livelihoods and lost incomes; Complaints and grievances forwarded by project affected people followed up and appropriate corrective measures are taken;

If necessary, changes in RAP procedures are made to improve delivery of entitlements to project affected people; Compensation disbursement to correct parties; The physical progress of resettlement and rehabilitation; Restoration of social services and amenities; and Special care and assistance given for social groups that needs additional help.

10.3. Performance Monitoring of the RAP

Performance monitoring shall have to be carried out as an internal management function. In this case the Resettlement Implementation Committee will play a major role in close workings with the Wereda environmental protection office and local communities. The participation of the affected people in performance monitoring is also necessary. The PAPs will elect their representative to participate in the monitoring of the implementation of the RAP. They should also be involved in the identification of indicators for monitoring purposes.

Cash compensation will be paid directly to the PAPs. The compensation committee will monitor the rehabilitation process and will be responsible for ensuring that the PAPs are using the compensation fund for rebuilding the affected houses, structures or other properties.

A simple means of conducting performance monitoring is by measuring progress against a list of required actions and milestones. For example, each month the compensation committees expected to document the following indicators: Span Consultants in Association with 77 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP B Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised)

The number of meetings held with the PAPS, content of the discussions meetings, and agreements reached. Grievance redress: the number of complaints lodged, how many complaints are being addressed, how many have been resolved and how the grievance redress mechanism is functioning; The number of compensation payments made, and the number of pending payments; The number of houses/structuresconstructed, and the number pending; The number of PAPS relocated to their new houses/structures, and the number that still have to be relocated; The number of vulnerable people assisted the kind of assistance sought and how it was given.

The Compensation committee shall present monthly reports to the Right of Way Branch and to the Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch of ERA. In addition, the Regional Bureau for Planning and Economic Development should be availed of the monthly reports.

10.4. lmpact Monitoring of the RAP

lmpact evaluation commissioned by ERA will be conducted by an independent third party to assess compliance of the outcome of the RAP with the involuntary resettlement policy, in other words, to determine the overall impact of the RAP. The key objective of the external evaluation will be to determine whether efforts to restore the living standards of the affected population have been properly executed. Evaluation will also verify the results of performance monitoring, and identify adjustments to the RAP if required.

Evaluation will assess, inter alia:

The appropriateness of the relocation sites; The appropriateness of the implementation schedule; The appropriateness of the grievance mechanism; Mechanism for assisting vulnerable groups.

During the external evaluation, a social survey shall be conducted. The baseline information collected on the socio-economic conditions of the affected population at the beginning of the project (before displacement) will be compared with the data collected during evaluation. Thus, any adverse or beneficial socio-economic impacts due to the resettlement process (and also due to the road project) may be determined, such as the impact on income levels, school attendance, health status, changes in land use, changes in occupation patterns, changes in settlement patterns, etc.

PAPSand local communities shall be actively involved in impact monitoring, particularly in the identification of indicators. Participatory meetings with PAPS and local community members are necessary. A working with compensation committee is important during

an Consultants in Association with 7 8 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP B Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) these evaluations. As stated in the first and second paragraphs of this section, federal and regional EPA's are responsible to perform periodic impact monitoring of the project.

Impact monitoring should be first carried out approximately 3 months after the PAPS have been relocated, and thereafter annually for a period of at least 2 years. At the end of each monitoring and evaluation, a report should be submitted to the Right of Way and Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branches of ERA. Costs for internal monitoring are accommodated within the contingency amount in the total budget for RAP.

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11. Consultation with PAPs and Local Officials

Consultations with project influence area residents in general and project affected people in particular have a paramount importance in having smooth field level activities related to the road up grading task. Views, comments and aspirations have to be gauged and heeded in accordance with the main themes of RAP. Genuine demands and legal rights should always be respected.

All household head PAPs are consulted about the intended up-grading project and possible out-comes. This had been done in the process of identification of project affected households age categories, occupational stratifications, religion, and gender related issues. Community members and PAPs have a great aspiration about the commencement of the intended project and eagerly awaited its realities. Loss of agricultural lands, perennial crop areas and residential or other service giving installations due to the project would be tolerable if reasonable compensations have been paid. They disclosed that, they could be fully co-operative and participant in all activities that the project demanded. During the field survey, public consultation meetings were held with the Wereda officials, PAPS and local communities along the project road. Public consultations were done through formal meetings and public gatherings. Focus group discussions with selected women, professionals and elderly community leaders were done to clarify misunderstandings and gaining additional information's on public attitudes towards the proposed project. Informal meetings were held with different age category members of the community. As it has been mentioned above, in these local community members and other stakeholders vowed to participate in activities that the project demanded and contribute whatever assistances at their own capacity. It has been long awaited and good news for them when the consultant professional makes descriptions about the project for reasons of the very bad conditions of the existing road and shortages of motorized public transport. Public consultation outcomes indicate that problems relating to displacement and dispossession of properties can be contained by the primary stakeholders (community and local leaders), with the appropriate assistance from outside.

In most parts, the road upgrading follows the existing gravel road alignment. Major realignment is expected in limited spots. Local authorities signed a commitment with the consultant to prepare land for resettlement specifically for those totally displaced and needy households in the urban section of the project. (Please refer minutes of meetings under Annex 5). The project area is now serving as one of the new resettlement corridors of the region for those live in very densely populated and degraded areas and willing to transfer to this section of the region. There is a relative abundance of land for extending resettlement site within the immediate locality. Out of the 1519 household heads and institutions, 622 entrepreneurs demanded land to land compensations in addition to cash compensations for their losses. 897 of them demanded monetary remunerations for the damages they would entertain due to the project. Minutes of these meetings were in Amharic (translation incorporated in Annex 5). Major outcomes are summarized as follows:

Span Consultants in Association with m-Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) a List of PAPs within the ROW of upgrading project had been identified in the presence of local administrative officials, public representatives and professionals. The full list of PAP'S in Werdea Towns and villages had been given by the consultant to each respective body. a Local authorities had been informed about the cut-off-date of identifications and supervisions. They agreed to take precautionary measures to halt new constructions close to the right of way. a Local authorities had been requested about the availability of lands for those who would be displaced and resettled. They all agreed to provide land for constructions of new residences, shopping and market places and provisions of plots of lands for fully demolished government, community and non-governmental institutions. a Local authorities-were informed about their responsibilities and commitments during the operational stages for which all agree vehemently. With regard to Kebele-owned houses, all agreed to construct similar or if possible better houses for the affected people by using compensation payments. They also agreed to re-rent these newly constructed houses for PAPs (kebele clients) with the same amount as they paid previously. a Local authorities had been informed about their role in monitoring the proper usages of compensation payments, especially in restorations of livelihoods. They all agreed to encourage and help the affected people to properly use the compensation Local authorities had been informed about the importance of giving special attentions to the disabled, elderly, sick household head members and Female headed families. They all agreed to extend the necessary support for these groups of PAPS to rebuild their residences and restore livelihoods.

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12. The RAP Disclosure

Once the final RAP manual approved by ERA and accepted by the development partner, it is subject to be disclosed first at national level. Accordingly, the manual with a summary of translation in Oromiffa will be sent to the Oromia National Regional government and its lowest administrative bodies. Once approved and the Ethiopian government allowed the World Bank for public disclosure purposes, the RAP will be made available via the World Bank Info Shop. In addition, short brochures will be printed and distributed to inform people on the RAP implementation arrangements. The following process will be followed by ERA to disclose the RAP.

ERA will make available the RAP manual at designated places to the public in the electronic media (including ERAS Web site) and government news papers; ERA will send copies of the final RAP to immediate stakeholders including respective Regional government, zonal and Wereda offices with translations of the executive summary in local languages and;

Furthermore, before project implementation, RAP consultant and the project director will prepare and conduct information dissemination program in the project area.

The main objectives this program will be

To inform and explain the entitlement policy and various options to the affected people prior to financial assistance To make public consultations and awareness creation for local community members about relocations 1 rehabilitation To minimize counter rumors and prevent unnecessary distress To bring clarity on issues that might be raised related to entitlements and benefits through question and answer To solicit help from local government officials and others, and encourage their participation in the RAP implementation. To ensure that vulnerable groups understand the process and their needs are specifically taken into consideration

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TERMS OF REFERNCE

DESCRIPTION OF THE SERVICE

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The classified road network of the Federal State of Ethiopia was, at the end of 2003, estimated at about 33,856 km, including 16,702 km Federal and 17,154 krn Regional Roads. Out of this, 4,362 km (13%) are paved and the remaining 12,340 krn are gravel or earth surfaced. Government efforts, with donor assistance, have improved the share of Federal road network in good condition from 14 percent in 1995 to 32 percent in 2003; some improvements have also occurred in the quality of regional roads, especially, in a decline in the share of roads in poor condition. These improvements have resulted in a decline in the share of farms that were estimated to be more than half a day's walk from an all-weather road from 75 percent in 1996 to 70 percent in 2003.

In spite of this progress over the past few years, road density in Ethiopia remains one of the lowest in Africa, with poor access to ports, markets and services. The road density at 31 km per 1000 km2, although higher than the value of 21 km per 1000 km2 in 1994, is still below the average of 50 km per I000 km2 for Africa. Only about 30 percent of the country is connected with all weather roads. Ethiopia is landlocked with the Djibouti port is the main link to the ocean. The above situation confirms the continuing priority for improvement and construction of the road network.

The Government of the Federal. Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) has received a grant from International Development Association (IDA) towards the cost of consultancy services for the Review of Feasibility Study, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documents for the Mekenajo - Dembidolo road projectunder the Second Phase of the Road Sector Development Program (RSDP 11 -APL 1).

The Mekenajo - Dembidolo road upgrading Project is located in the Western part of Oromia Regional State in Western Wolega zone. The project road branches off from the Addis Ababa - Nekernte - Gimbi - Assosa main road at 456 Km from the capital, Addis Ababa, at Mekenajo town, which is found 15 Km west of Gimbi along Gimbi - Assosa road . It is part of the existing gravel road between Gimbi and Garnbela that connects Inango, Guliso Chanka, Mechara and Dembidolo towns bypassing Ayra, Harrosebu and Gebarobi. The project road ends at Dembi Dolo town covering a total length of 185Km. The project road is part of the existing gravel road between Gimbi and Gambella. The project comprises three contracts:

Contract 1 : Mekenajo to Ayra (Km 0+000 to 53+260)

Contract 2 Ayra to Chaka (Km 53+260 - 1 18+000) Contract 3 Chanka to Dembidolo (Km 1 18 + 000)

An International Consultant, SYSTRA in association with SPT and PANAF, did the detailed Feasibility and the EIA for the road project. In addition the detailed Engineering Design and tender documents were prepared by BKS in association with Continental Consultants.

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1-1 Consultancy Services for Review of ~easibilit~'~tud~and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dernbidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Report ...... -. .-. - - - - ...... - - ---.------...... - -...... -...... -......

ERA presently requires the service of a consultant with relevant experience to carry out (i) the review of the feasibility study, (ii) the review EIA, and the preparation of resettlement action plan (RAP), (iii) the necessary field investigations and review of the detailed engineering design, and tender documents for the construction of the proposed road project. The construction of the road is to be executed using lnternational Competitive Bidding (ICB) procedures.

2- THE OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main objectives of the Consultancy Services are:

i) To carry out the Review of Feasibility Study for the proposed road project and updating it; ii) To review the EIA, including the analysis, verification, and updating of the recommendations of the EIA in terms of mitigating the negative impacts. iii) To prepare the RAP for the proposed road project. This includes preparation and costing of the RAP along the whole of the route corridor and to provide the Government and Donors' partners with sufficient and adequate information as to the likely social impacts of the proposed road project. The extent of involuntary resettlement should be accounted in the design review process with the number of affected households properly identified and quantified. iv) To review the detailed engineering design and the tender documents prepared by the Design Consultant and make all amendments and carry out additional studies necessary.

The review Consultant shall assume full responsibility for the soundness and sufficiency of the detailed engineering design, the Feasibility and ElA studies, the RAP, and the preparation of the tender documents in accordance to the requirements of the World Bank procedures.

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1-2 Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Report ..------.-...... -. -...... -. -. - - -.- ...... ------...... - -...... -. .. ------.--. -. --. -. .-. - -. -...... -- - - - . Phase I: Review of Feasibility Study and EIA, and preparation of RAP

Description of the Service. The study includes all services necessary to review the feasibility study and ERA carried out by the consultant SYSTRA in association with SPT and PANAF and the preparation of a RAP.

I) Review of Feasibility Studv

The Consultant shall thoroughly inspect and assess the existing feasibility study report, and all other relevant documents and information. The consultant will also make required field investigations necessary and make amendments to the studies where necessary and produce a finalised detailed feasibility study report. The Consultant shall consider the following aspects:

1 .l. Road Engineering Survey: The Consultant shall inspect the project routelroad and conduct a survey of the road covering (i) Existing pavement age, thicknesses, strength, current signs of distress or defects, surface roughness (estimated in terms of the IRl), and the year round passability, (ii) the condition of side drains, and structures and an inventory of major structures, (iii) road widths and geometry, (iv) the nature of the terrain, materials, adjacent land use and vegetation, and (v) current maintenance inputslpractice in relation to the condition of the road, and (vi) major problems including those likely to arise from existing side slopes, fills and cut areas, and ascertaining and assessing any areas of potential land slide, likely to affect the ability of the road to perform its main function over the next few years

Traffic Surveys: Vehicle traffic surveys should be conducted on the project road that forms part of the route, and if significant diversions are expected, on other connecting roads. Counting should be for not less than three days for 12 hours per day and one day for 24 hours at appropriate locations. Data from ERA'S traffic count surveys, if available, should be reviewed to assist with estimating the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT). Traffic volumes and composition should be estimated. Where the new road follows the alignment of existing paths, trails and tracks then traffic surveys should also be undertaken of all movements including pedestrians, animals, animal-carts and different types of motor vehicles. A travel time survey of the existing routes most affected by the proposed project should be carried out.

1.3. Traffic Forecasts: The Consultant would quantify both the direct and indirect impact of the road development and the analytic approach should be supported by appropriate survey instruments, including: (a) household survey; (2) market, community and facility survey; and (c) transport survey (for motorized and non-motorized transport (NMT), including pedestrians). The traffic forecasts should include the generated, diverted and induced traffic. The forecasts should include best estimate of likely demand (based on economic activity, past growth trends, growth in vehicle population, etc) and the more critical variables should be subjected to sensitivity analysis (more on this later). The forecasts should also include the impact on the project area during the construction period.

1.4. EIA: As part of this assignment an EIA should be undertaken. This should cover the full environmental impact of different investment options. It will include the effects on

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the natural environment as well as the effects on communities that live in the vicinity of the road and their mitigation. As part of the study, resettlement needs, social impact and mitigation measures should be investigated, prepared and costed.

1.5. Economic Evaluation: An economic evaluation of the road project that includes the identification of at least two different cases or scenarios involving one 'base' or 'without investment' case and at least one 'project' or ' with investment' case should be carried out. In the "with investment case", the consultant would examine alternative scenarios, including design standards, alternate routes and alignments and designs (in case of new construction). Estimates of benefits should include dis-benefits during the construction period. Benefits of the proposed investments should include the direct impact on all users of the facility (including motorized and non-motorized modes, pedestrians) and indirect impact on the community and business establishments served by the road.

1.5.1 The analysis of the provision of improvedlnew access: The Project investments should reflect the impact of generated, diverted, and induced traffic, as well as, the change in accessibility and modal shift. The consultant should utilize appropriate methodology to quantify the impact of each effect.

1.5.2 The planning time horizon and residual values: the Consultant should choose an appropriate planning time horizon. The planning time horizon shall reflect the economic life of the key investment components. Although there is no precise correspondence, with discounting and uncertainty, there is little point in extending the time horizon beyond thirty years. For lightly trafficked gravel roads a planning time horizon of I0 to 15 years is usual. For heavily trafficked main roads, 20 to 25 years is more common.

1.5.3 Resource costs: The Consultant shall estimate the resource costs of the project. Costs and prices need to be adjusted to ensure that they are all measured in the same unit and that they represent real resource costs at the country level. Information on conversion factors to derive economic prices from market prices can be obtained from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development.

1.5.4 Investment costs: The Consultant shall estimate investment costs of alternative design options considered for the project, section by section. Initial estimates of construction costs may be derived from past experience of completed projects however this should be compared with detailed investment cost estimates based on the traditional bill of quantity approach together with estimates of unit rates for different components of work. The quantities of work should be estimated from a preliminary engineering design of the road which will be produced by the Consultant as part of the feasibility study or which may be already available in ERA.

Land value should be incorporated into the costing of new construction even if a payment for the land is not made. The value may be derived from a rental income or the value of the lost agricultural production. Where resettlement is forecasted, its full cost should be included in the analysis. This principle applies even if, in practice, the full costs are not actually paid. Resettlement costs may either be identified as a total monetary compensation or as the cost of repurchasing equivalent land and buildings plus a resettlement inducement. In total, the amount offered should make people just as happy to move as to stay. Even if people or businesses are not directly resettled, but the new road takes land from them or causes serious inconvenience or loss of amenity, then again a compensation payment should be included in the analysis to cover this. The environmental appraisal will often identify measures that should be taken to minimize

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1.5.5 Maintenance costs: The Consultant shall estimate routine, recurrent and periodic maintenance costs of the alternative design options considered for the project.

1. 5.6Change in road condition: For sections of the road, which involve rehabilitation or upgrading, the change in road-based parameters including road roughness should be considered. Through the input of data relating to road design and maintenance, HDM-4 andlor RED models, will be used, as applicable, to provide a prediction of how road condition will change. The Consultant should ensure that the relationships used in predicting road deterioration are properly calibrated to the appropriate conditions and climatic zones related to the road alignment. A check should be made to ensure that the forecasted pattern of road deterioration is realistic as possible.

1.5.7 Vehicle operating costs (VOC) and passenger time savings: The VOC and time savings should be computed for both direct and indirect impact of project investments. The direct benefits will be computed for all modes of transport (including pedestrians and other NMT). The indirect benefits will be computed in terms of the net impact on communities and business establishments along the project road.

1.5.8 Discounting: The Consultant shall discount costs and benefits from the investment to take into account the different economic values of costs and benefits made at different times during the analysis period using the planning discount rate for Ethiopia. Where possible, the Consultant should make use of Modified Economic Rate of Return (MERR). This would allow different discount rates to be used for the opportunity cost of capital and for the users' time preference rate. The rate of return should be computed for each design alternative on the increment (over the least cost alternative) of investment costs for each alternative considered. The Consultant should calculate and show the following five decision criteria. (i) Net Present Value (NPV), (ii) Internal Rate of Return (IRR), (iii) Net Present Value Over Cost Ratio (NPVIC), (iv) First Year Rate of Return, and (v) Switching Values.

1.6. Economic Development: In addition to the cost benefit analysis undertaken, the Consultant shall consider the likely wider economic development benefits from the road project. Resulting economic development from the road investment may be dependent upon the additional investments in other undertakings. When a more detailed quantified analysis is not possible, the analysis may also take the form of a qualitative description of the likely effects.

1.7. Social Benefits: The Consultant should consider the social benefit implications of the project. Where the levels of economic activity are low, improved accessibility may have a significant effect on poverty reduction and the long-term development of local communities through the improved access to the provision of services. Such benefits can't be easily analyzed through conventional economic analysis. A statement of the likely 'social benefits' of the proposed road investment should be included.

1.8. Sensitivity and Risk Analysis: Sensitivity analysis should be carried out, but not be confined to just some arbitrarily fixed expected changes in cost and benefits. Rather, the consultant should identify the most critical variables impacting the expected outcome. The consultant should take into consideration the range of possible variations

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1.9. Distribution of Benefits: The Consultant shall assess the distribution of benefits from road rehabilitation and upgrading projects to the people in the road project area. In this regard the Consultant shall have the responsibility for the following works.

Estimating the savings per adult local person resulting from reduced fares for passenger transport. Estimating increased per-capita income due to higher farm gate prices for agricultural products and reduced retail prices of industrial goods in the local market. Estimating the employment opportunity that would be created for the local unskilled labor during and after the implementation of the road project. Assessing improvement in access to social services such as schools, health facilities, etc. Assessing the improvement in food security due to better transport condition in terms of improved access, decreased travel time and cost of food aid distribution.

11: Review of EIA and Preparation of a RAP

The Consultant shall thoroughly inspect, assess the feasibility study report prepared by SYSTRA in association with SPT and PANAF and all other documents data and make field investigations necessary and make amendments to it where necessary and produce a finalised detailed feasibility study report.

The consultant will carry out a comprehensive EIA with particular emphasis on conservation interests (impacts of erosion on the road and adjoining areas, landslips, drainage channels, appropriate scour and erosion control measures and water harvesting, loss of rare and endemic species, opening and subsequent site restoration of sources of material and plant and construction camp installations, man made/ artificial and natural forest areas, protected and sensitive habitats as parks protected forest areas, etc.) and the dislocation of existing settlements. The consultant shall prepare environmental mitigation plans for the project road(s). Further details are presented below.

2.1. Environmental Scoping: The initial stage of consultant's intervention shall be the scoping of the area of influence, activities and impacts (primary and secondary) that are to be studied in the EIA of the road. It shall comprise all the tasks that are required for an environmental assessment, as they are described hereafter. The Consultant shall start the assignment by deciding upon the limits of the study area for the project roads and drawing the list of activities and impacts to be studied during the assessment.

2.2. Description of the Proposed Road Improvements: Description of the road construction work shall be based on the reviewed design proposals. It will take stock of the different components and break them down according to the type of works in order to ease the identification of their likely environmental impacts. A convenient way to do so is to break down each activity into the following phases: design, construction, maintenance and operation.

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2.4. Description of the Environment: The consultant shall assemble, evaluate and present baseline data on the environmental characteristics of the study area. It shall be a compilation of existing data and studies on the biophysical and socio-economic environment. These shall also include information on any changes anticipated before the project commences. The following elements will be surveyed.

Physical environment: geology; topography; soils; climate and meteorology; surface and ground water hydrology and quality upstream and downstream. Each and every specific issue should be assessed, where possible in percentage (%), proportions and types (in length (km), and detailed information should be indicated and presented.

Biological environment: flora and fauna types; rare or endangered species; significant natural sites and sensitive habitats including parks and reserves; etc.; species of commercial importance (medicinal plants, fish) and reliance of the local people on these resources; and species with potential to become a nuisance, vectors or dangerous. Each and every specific issue shall be assessed, locations, proportions and species type, relative density of species, people forest reaction, and traditional resources management practices, available resource and opportunities for development and detailed information should be indicated.

Socio-economic environment: Socio-economic impacts of the project road on the local community, land use and cover and use types, land tenure systems and holding sizes, human settlements; impacts on infrastructure facilities, present water supply and water resources utilization; availability of and impacts on archaeological and historical sites, existence of any indigenous peoples, impact on gender, control over allocation of resource use rights; patterns of new settlements; transport patterns, archaeological and historical sites, cultural heritages etc.

2.5. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework: The Consultant shall draw attention to those regulations so far identified by the Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), ERA and other government institutions, which will need to be applied in respect of the project road proposed for external donor financing consideration.

2.6. Public Consultation: The Consultant shall conduct public consultation at major towns/villages all along as many are to be affected by the project road. Interviews with individuals belonging to different social andlor economic categories shall be made. Questionnaires shall also be administered to local or international NGOs for their opinions on the construction works in relation to their adverse effects on the environment. The outcome of this consultation shall be indicated and local initiatives to participate in the road development project shall also be indicated. The consultant shall assess the key roles to be played by the different stakeholders in terms of delivering services, goods, works, or other elements in the project, mechanisms used for consultation and participation in the project, main outcome and recommendations of the consultation process, and how these recommendations are to be incorporated into the project.

2.7. Determination of the Potential Impacts and Impacts on the Proposed Roads: Potential impacts to be assessed shall include, but not be limited to:

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1-7 Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project ...... Final RAP Report a Project location: possible resettlement of people; change of property values; loss of forest and agricultural land; loss of vegetative cover; deterioration or loss of ecologically sensitive areas; impact on flora and fauna; impact on historic and cultural sites; effects on water resources outside and inside command area; induced development; need for water harvesting. b Project design: modification of disruption of natural drainage patterns; changes in groundwater regime and landscape; design of road alignments and pavements as well as bridges and culverts; interference with movements of wildlife, livestock and local people; road crossings for people and animals, sensitive alignments, and water harvesting. c Construction works: potential landslides, susceptibility to erosions, stream and lake sedimentation; water logging at borrow pits and quarries; construction spoils; air pollution; noise; fuel and oil spills; sanitary conditions and health risks associated with construction camps and workers coming into the area; social conflicts between imported workers and local people on water and other resources. d Project operation: road spills and road runoff pollution; roadside waste; air pollution; noise; traffic safety issues, undesirable habit left over by the construction workers. Inputs of the road in poverty alleviations.

The scoping part of the EIA shall determine the exact list of impacts that should be investigated.

2.8. Analysis of Alternatives to the Proposed Roads and Road Alignments: The Consultant shall consider alternatives analyzed during the feasibility stage. The different impacts described should indicate which are irreversible or unavoidable and which can be mitigated. The analysis should address, to the extent possible, costs and benefits of each alternative, and incorporate the estimated costs of any associated mitigating measures. The alternative of keeping the current status without road improvements should be included for comparison.

2.9 Environmental Management Plan and Mitigation Cost estimates: The Consultant shall prepare an environmental mitigation plan and recommend feasible and cost- effective measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels. The Consultant shall estimate the impacts and costs of these measures, and of the institutional responsibilities and training requirements to implement them. Compensation to affected parties for impacts, which cannot be mitigated, should be considered. The Consultant should prepare a short and concise management plan including proposed work programs, budget estimates, schedules, staffing and training requirements, and other necessary support services to implement the mitigating measures. The consultant shall also indicate a separate cost for each and every negative impact identified during field assessment and the study findings should definitely be, if not at all, an input for detailed engineering Design or review.

2.10. Environmental Monitoring Plan: A detailed plan shall be prepared to monitor the implementation of mitigating measures and the impacts of the proposed roadwork during construction and after completion. Due reference should be made to ERA'S Environmental Monitoring Procedures Manual (EMPM), as and when appropriate or additions into the EMPM made as needed. The Consultant should define a few indicators of environmental performance that can be monitored on a regular basis and also indicate the different eligible stakeholders in place to monitor the activities. Suitable provisions for contractors' clauses should also be spelled out for the detailed engineering design or review stage (See Phase 11).

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Resettlement Requirements and Planning: The potential land acquisition, compensation and resettlement requirements in the road right-of-way of the proposed road alignments should be assessed. The requirements should be determined in accordance with the World Bank's Operational Directive on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), a full or abbreviated RAP, will be prepared whenever land acquisition is required. The consultant should also assess the number of persons to be affected and government or private owned properties to be expropriated because of the road construction. Estimate costs to mitigate this problem, or dislocate the affected persons, if any. The consultant shall also assess and indicate the lists of those persons to be (fully and partially) affected by the project with the type, number and size of houses to be demolished both in urban and rural areas, farmlands to be taken (permanently and temporarily), fruit and other trees to be removed and other related issues (See 11.2 below)

Assistance to Inter-Agency Coordination and PublicINGO Participation: The EIA work shall be carried out in close cooperation with ERA. The Consultant shall assist in coordinating the Environmental Assessment with other government agencies, notably, the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organization (EWCO) and ERA'S Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB), and in communicating with and obtaining the views of local affected groups and persons and NGOs, particularly in cases of new road alignments. Relevant institutions or individuals should be consulted and the outcome of consultation should be incorporated.

2.13.Gender Issues: The consultant shall assess, "the "no Project" and the "with project" scenarios, the impacts of the road construction on gender and their participation in the planning, implementation, in monitoring and evaluation. In the division of labour - who does what? lnvolvement in family decision-making; who decides on what, etc.? And generally, the impacts of the road on women and related issues should be assessed.

2.14. GIs Systems (Geographic Information System): In order to have concrete and realistic study findings, the consultant shall use the latest version of GIs systems that would assist in analysing and processing the spatial and socio-economic data of the study areas. The consultant shall produce a good base map that will indicate possible relocation sites, land acquisition, sensitive habitats both biophysical and socio-cultural and resettlement patterns along the project roads and other important physical features. The consultant should use GIs systems for calculating the total size of farmland or grazing land to be expropriated or taken temporarily andlor permanently from farmers in the ROW, for indicating the exact location for relocation areas with sizes, and major towns and other facilities on the map.

11-2: Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

2.15. Background: Development projects such as road construction, which require land acquisition, often involve involuntary resettlement of some of the project beneficiaries. Experience from previous road projects reveal that, unless adverse social impacts such as resettlement are mitigated, they will lead to severe socio-economic and environmental impacts: loss of land; dismantlement of production systems; dislocation of social values; propagation of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) and HIVIAIDS, soil and water erosion and so forth on farmland. In order to minimize the adverse social impacts of road construction operations under the RSDP, RAPS will be prepared in

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1-9 Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dernbidolo Road Upgrading Project ...... Final RAP Report

concert with the legal framework of the Federal Government of Ethiopia and the World Bank's Operational Policies OP4.12.

2.16. Rationale: The Environmental Policy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and in similar different financing agencies states " all persons whose livelihoods have been adversely affected by state development programs should be compensated based on actual market values for the affected resources." The other sectoral policies point out similar acts that government institutions and individuals should take in protecting the natural environment. Therefore, RAPS shall focus on the assessment and addressing of the likely impacts of the development project and propose cost-effective and implementable mitigation measures.

2.17. Scope: This proposed service encompasses the preparation of a RAP for the road project and a firm with a group of experienced and appropriately qualified consultants is envisaged. The RAP should be developed based on existing documentation (e.g., EPA's EIA Guideline Document; ERA's RSDPll document and Resettlement Policy Framework Paper), and field studies. Relevant documents are to be acquired through the Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB) in ERA. The RAP shall provide project specific socio-economic data about Project Affected People (PAPS) and mitigation measures and costs. Information presented in the.RAP will facilitate: (a) the incorporation of relevant social data into the road design; (b) the right of way operations; (c) the poverty alleviation efforts of road investments, and (d) the enhancement of the livelihood of PAP. The draft RAP should be discussed and endorsed by ERA and the World Bank before submission of the final documents.

2.18. Tasks: What follows is a broad description of tasks, which the consultant(s) is expected to accomplish under the services requested, extracting and using the information where possible from any existing documentation. The tasks to be conducted are described below.

2.18.1 Legal and Administrative Framework: Assess and present the applicable legal and administrative procedures, including description of the remedies available to displaced persons in the judicial process and the normal timeframe for such procedures, and any available alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that may be relevant to resettlement under the project. Description of ERA, it's status and mandate. and how the institution is related to relevant ministries and policies, describe also ERA's Legal Division and Right-of-way (ROW) Branch, their mandates and functions in delivering entitlements. Identify and present relevant laws and regulations (including customary and traditional law) governing land tenure, valuation of assets and losses, compensation, and natural resource usage rights; customary personal law related to displacement; and environmental laws and social welfare legislation. Identify and present laws and regulations relating to the agencies responsible for implementing resettlement activities. Indicate procedures for delivery of entitlements. Assess and present gaps, if any, between local laws covering eminent domain and resettlement and the Bank's resettlement policy, and the mechanisms to bridge such gaps; and any legal steps necessary to ensure the effective implementation of resettlement activities under the project, including, as appropriate, a process for recognizing claims to legal rights to Iand-including claims that derive from customary law and traditional usage (see para. 15 6). m Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Report ..-. .. -. .. .- -.- - - ...... - ...... ------...... -. .. .-. - -...... -...... ------.------

Indicate the implementation process of the RAP that includes, but not limited to, the following points: grievance redress mechanisms that would apply to the resettlement plan and RAP implementation costs.

2.18.2 Institutional Framework Identify agencies responsible for resettlement activities and NGOs that may have a role in project implementation and assess the institutional capacity of such agencies and NGOs. Present any steps that are proposed to enhance the institutional capacity of agencies and NGOs responsible for resettlement implementation. Assess formal and informal institutions at local, regional and national levels that are relevant to the project, the' inter-relationships between these institutions, availability of any legal and political framework for interaction among key stakeholders and beneficiaries of the project, any alternative mechanisms for delivery of services or project benefits, existing sectoral policies related to beneficiaries and affected people.

2.18.3 Socio-economic Survey: Execute a socio-economic survey covering the following issues:

Current occupants of the right-of-way to avoid inflow of new people seeking eligibi!ity for compensation; Standard characteristics of displaced households (baseline information on livelihood, economic and social information, etc), occupations of the PAP, likely socio-economic impacts of the project both in rural and urban areas; The magnitude of the expected loss (totallfull or partial), the impacts on agricultural and grazing lands with the names of owners/users of the individual farmers, presumably in size (m2), exact locations of land sites for construction camps, quarries and borrow pits; Information on vulnerable groups or persons (for whom special provision may have to be made), number of project affected persons: name of partially and fully affected persons, their locations, sizes, and types of property affected. Types of properties to be affected i.e., houses and croplands, trees (fruit and permanent), cash crops (Coffee and Chat plants) shall be assessed; Provisions to update information on the displaced people's livelihoods and standards of living at regular intervals so that the latest information is available at the time of their displacement; The existing national and regional land use related policies and regulations, land tenure and transfer systems, average land holding per household, number of households to be affected and also show the exact number of families that will relocate to new proposed sites and that will relocate to their own land; The patterns of social interaction in the affected communities, including social networks and social support systems, and how they will be affected by the project; Public infrastructure and social services that will be affected; Social and cultural characteristics of displaced communities in terms of gender, migrants and settlers and professions and describe to the extent feasible, their preferences as regards to assisted resettlement or self-resettlement), The conditions of kebele house renters (tenants), if any, and squatters (illegally built houses in the ROW), people who will lose their income, number and names of these persons, and number of houses (with types), locations (locality), size, status & conditions of these people, and how they are going to be treated and compensated, and income restoration mechanisms shall also be indicated.

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1-11 Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Env~ronmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Report ......

Conduct public consultation with PAPS and concerned local administrative bodies along the project road and note the outcome and include minutes of government officials' commitment to fully assist the resettlement action plan processes before and/or after the completion of the road project. 'The market value of buildings & trees, in general terms, should be split into the following sub-divisions: Type of buildings (new or old) to be demolished: - number, locations, size (in m2), and list of the owners of both fully and partially demolished houses and similarly for trees (fruit or permanent), species type, location; names and number of persons whose trees are going to be affected and the number trees to be affected or removed shall be indicated.

2.18.4 Eligibility: Provide a definition of displaced persons and criteria for determining their eligibility for compensation and other resettlement assi'stance, including relevant cut-off dates.

2.18.5 Valuation of and Compensation for Losses: Define and present the methodology to be used in valuing losses; determine the replacement cost and describe the types and levels of compensation proposed under local law and supplementary measures considered necessary to achieve replacement cost for lost assets.

2.18.6 Public Consultation: The Consultant shall conduct public consultations at major towns/villages all along the road, in as many as are to be affected by the project road. Interviews with individuals belonging to different social and/or economic categories shall be made. Questionnaires shall also be administered to NGOs for their opinions on the construction works in relation to the adverse effects. The outcome of these consultations shall be indicated, as well as local initiatives to participate in the road development project.

The consultant shall also assess the key roles to be played by the different stakeholders in terms of delivering services, goods, works, or other elements in the project, mechanisms used for consultation and participation in the project, main outcome and recommendations of the consultation process, and how these recommendations are to be incorporated into the project.

2.18.7 Resettlement Measures: Provide a description of the packages of compensation and other resettlement measures that will assist each category of eligible displaced persons to achieve the objectives of the policy (see Para. 6). In addition to being technically and economically feasible, the resettlement packages should be compatible with the cultural preferences of the displaced persons, and prepared in consultation with them.

2.18.8 Site Selection, Site Preparation, and Relocation: Identify and present if available, in urban areas, where the relocation would be in clusters from which to select one considering: Institutional and technical arrangements for identifying and preparing relocation sites for which a combination of productive potential, location advantages, and other factors is, at least, comparable to the advantages of the old sites, with an estimate of the time needed to acquire and transfer land and ancillary resources; Any measures necessary to prevent land speculation or influx of ineligible persons at the selected sites; Productive potential, location advantages, and other factors;

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Procedures for physical relocation under the project, including timetables for site preparation and transfer; and legal arrangements for regularizing tenure and transferring titles to resettle; Prevention of land speculation or influx of ineligible persons to the selected sites.

2.18.9 Housing Infrastructure, and Social Services: Prepare plans to provide (or to finance resettlers' provision of) housing, infrastructure (e.g., water supply, feeder roads), and social services (e.g., schools, health services); plans to ensure comparable services to host populations; any necessary site development, engineering, and architectural designs for these facilities.

2.18.10 Environmental Protection and Management: Describe the boundaries of the relocation area, and assess the environmental impacts of the proposed resettlement and identify the role of the different stakeholders in regard to the protection of the environment and the execution of the resettlement plan.

2.18.11 Implementation Schedule: Prepare an implementation schedule covering all resettlement/rehabilitation activities from preparation through implementation, including target dates for the achievement of expected benefits to the resettled and hosts and define the various forms of assistance. The schedule should indicate how the resettlement/rehabilitation activities are linked to the implementation of the overall project.

2.18.12 Costs and Budget: Prepare tables showing itemized cost estimates for all resettlement activities, including allowances for inflation, compensation for loss of different properties and lands, population growth, and other contingencies; timetables for expenditures; sources of funds; and arrangements for timely flow of funds, and funding for resettlement/rehabilitation, if any, in areas outside the jurisdiction of the implementing agencies.

2.18.13Monitoring And Evaluation: Describe arrangements for monitoring of resettlement/rehabilitation activities by the implementing agency, supplemented by independent monitors as considered appropriate by the Bank, to ensure complete and objective information; performance monitoring indicators to measure inputs, outputs, and outcomes for resettlement activities; involvement of the displaced persons in the monitoring process; evaluation of the impact of resettlement for a reasonable period after all resettlement and related development activities have been completed; using the results of resettlement monitoring to guide subsequent implementation.

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1-13

Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Draft Final RAP Report ~ekena~o- Dembid.ooR~d.U~ra~.~~.e;oiec!

Annexes

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Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Draft Final RAP Re~ort

Annex 1

Terms of Reference

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Annex 2

List of Persons1 Institutions Contacted

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers

Consultancy Serv~cesfor Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Draft Final RAP Report

Annex 2 - Persons Consulted and Institutions Visited '

Wreda 1 Location 1 Name I Organization I Responsibility 1 Lalo Asabi Inango Sileshi Woreda Planning & IlI Administration Lalo Asabi l~lango ~ Lig Alem Tassisa Woreda Staff management 12' I Administration 3 Lalo Asabi Inango Bekele Garri Woreda Agricultural matters Agricultural Office expert

4 Lalo Asabi Inango Amanuel Guteta Urban (ketema) Administrator council Urban (ketema) Llrban planning & 1 ; 1 ZlAsabi 1 :an:; 1 Eba Guteta 1 coullcil 1 Engineering Matters 1 Ato Alelnayehu Woreda Information Bureau Guliso Yadessa Administration head Ayra Ato Habtamu Woreda Deputy head of the 1 1 Guliso 1 Gu'isO 1 Kenea Administration Woreda 8 Ayra Guliso Temesgen Woreda Head of property Gu liso Lelnessa Administration matters Guliso Wasyihun Assefa Woreda Head of engineering AyraGuliso 1 Administration , design 1 Guliso Si lesh i Duressa Woreda Deputy- head of land Guliso 1 Administration administration 1 1-1Dale Sedi Alenl I Ato Roba Bulcha I ~oreda Woreda administration I Teferi 1 I Administration head 1 2 1 Dale Sedi Tsegaye Etefa Woreda Deputy head of the 1 Teferi Administration Woreda I3 1 Dale Sed A'e1n Tesfa Atehu Woreda Kebele ass. Head (01) Teferi I Administration

Benti Efa Urban (ketema)7 Administration administration representative I 1 I5 1 Dale Sedi Alem Hailu Hussen Economic & Finance bureau I Teferi finance representative 1 16 Gawo Dale Chavka At0 Banisa Urban (ketema) Administrator, head of Abdela administration the ketema council I

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18 Gawo Dale Clianka Yadeta Likasa Urban (ketema) Kebele head (02) I administration I 1 19 1 Gawo Dale Clianka 1 Kenisa Abdu 1 Urban (ketema) I Purchasing head I 1 1 1 administration I I I I I r- 20 Seyo ' De~nbidoloI Ato Tekalenge Urban (ketema) Head of engineering ~ Woreda I Tassiga administration Design I Dembidolo Addisu Negasli Urban (ketema) Deputy engineering 1 administration 1 section 1 1 22 Seyo De~nbidolo Brliaiiu Etefa Urban (ketema) I Head of ketema I Woreda ad~ninistratioii 1 administration - -

Ato Elniru Bulti Woreda Head of woreda - 1 Woreda administration Gilnbi W/o Sinkiiesh Teleco~nmunicatioli Head of zonal 1 24 Woreda G/Micliael office telecommunication Gilnbi Head of tlie zone Woreda administration administration Gimbi Representative of the Woreda Takiye western wollega head of water resource of tlie zones 27 Gimbi Giinbi Ato Melka~nu E.L.P.A District inan of Woreda I lebesa E.L.P.A I Mecliara Meskelo Fufa Village kebele Head of the association association 29 Hawa Mechara Degu Hunde Village kebele Deputy head 1 1 Wollel I associatioil Hawa Mecliara Sliiferaw Moresa Village kebele Coinmittee member association 1 - , 3 I Gi~iibi Girnbi Ato Ayele Zonal office Dissasa Cimbi Ato Mengistu 1 zo~ialoffice 32 1I 1 33 Gawo Dale Kake Ato Abera Woreda Deputy head of the I (

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No. ( Woreda ( Location 1 Name 1 Organization / Responsibility I I I I 1 Gemena ( administration ( Woreda administration Gimbi Ato A~nbaw 1 zollal office 1 Capacity building I Birru 35 Gi~nbi Gilnbi Ato Esayas ERA R.W.0 Agent 1 Gi~nbi ( Ato Esrael / Zonal office 1 Zonal statistical office I

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Annex 3

Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Population

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Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

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SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

1027 >> keno Ketebu 02 No 55 Male 10 Farmer 2 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1028 >> Mamo Tadese 02 No 42 Male 6 Nurse 10 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1029 >> Mulatu kejela 02 No 45 Male 8 Civil Servant 6 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1030 >> C.6.E 02 No

SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Monthly House Family Ethnic No. TownlPA Name of Household Head Kebele Gender Occupation Education Income Language Religion No. Age size Group (Birr) 1031 >> Municipality Shops 02 No 1032 >> Grange Denfe 02 No 47 Male 8 Civil Servant 12+1 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1033 >> Asede WlGiorgis 02 No 50 Female 12 Trader 3 Tigre Tigringna Orthodox

SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

---1235 >> Tsegaye Olika Village No 30 Male 7 Mechanic Amara Amharic Muslim 1236 >> Lelise Debela Village No 5 Male 2 Amara Amharic Protestant 1237 >> Tiruye Mekonen Village No 35 FHH 2 Trader Arnara Amharic Protestant 1238 >> Ali Ahmed Village No 30 Male 3 Trader Oromo Oromiffa Muslim 1239 >> Asfaw Kebede Village No 30 Male 5 Oromo Oromiffa Orthodox

SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan ~inalRAP Manual

SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

1361 >> Abose Tadesse PA No 30 Male 6 Farmer Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1362 >> Banti Terfa PA No 40 Male 6 Farmer Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1363 >> Teferi Tasisa PA No 30 Male 5 Farmer 12 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1364 >> Fekadu Fanta PA No 25 Male 5 Farmer 7 Amara Amharic Protestant

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Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

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SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers

Annex 4

Compensation Budget for Residential Houses, Business and Other Structures Considering 2om of ROW in Urban and 3om ROW in Rural Areas.

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Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban r I I I I I I

Household Head

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Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I

Household Head Gross House

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I House Area h Purpose of Household Head Kebele Type of House Unit Cost Compensa the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in 17-12 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House.

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

- Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban

House Area t-l Town Purpose of No. Household Head Kebele Type of House Unit Cost Compensa %of the House /PA the House Gross House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House.

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban -- I I I I I I I I I 1 , House Area , 1 1 ,

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I I I I House Area I I

Town Pur~Oseof No. Household Head Kebele Type of House Unit Cost Compensa /PA %of the House the House Gross House tion for Areain rn2 Area be Area Taken -9 :C 9"- ~~k~~ :.. L",,, entire the 111 ,a,& 11 ROW in urban and) 1 1 House. /

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Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban v

Household Head

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I I I I

Household Head

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I

House Area

Town Purpose of No. Household Head Kebele Type of House 7Unit Cost Compensa /PA the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 House Area to be Area ~~k~~ Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and 1House.

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

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SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20rn of ROW in urban wm

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SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban 7-

Household Head

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban 1

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I

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SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I

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Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban - I I I I I I

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban

House Area

Town Purpose of No. Household Head Kebele Type of House Unit Cost Compensa /PA the House %of the House Gross House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House.

80 1 Kassa Bengna >> >> Mud with CIS 38 16 42.1 600 22.800 802 Bultiy Ahmed >> > > Mud with CIS 40 26 65.0 600 24.000 803 Kebena H~ssa > > >> Mud with CIS 50 25 500 000 30.000 804 Jaleta Kebed >> Residence Mud with CIS 30 14 467 (1.00 18,000 805 Wirtu Kitila 06 Shop Mud with CIS 4 5 4 5 100.0 Ooll 27,000 806 Beltiy Wendernu 06 Shop Mud with CIS 42 42 1000 600 25,200 Girma Tameru 1 06 1 Shop (~udwith CIS 40 1 24 ( 60.0) 600 1 24.000 Abedisa Waqjira- .~. - - 1, O6 1 -~Shop I MudwithCIS I . 401 ._ _.20! -_ .-?. 01 ... 0('--1--..24000 )

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Household Head

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Household Head %of the House

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban

House Area

Town of NO. Household Head Kebele Unit Cost Compensa Type Of House %of the House /PA the House Gross House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House. 30M In Rural 880 Mustefa Mohammed 0 1 Shop Mud with 69 15 21.7 600 4 1.400 881 Kutene Eressa >> Residence Mud with 52.9 13.8 26.1 600 31,740 882 Aselfech Mamo Residence Mud with 100.04 16.4 16.4 600 60,024 883 01 Coffee Room Mud with 104.92 17.2 16.4 600 62.952 884 Tirunesh Waqjira Shop Mud with 12.6 3.6 28.6 600 7,560

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Household Head

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SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Household Head

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual I

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for housesv and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban

Household Head %of the House

977 Rahrnet D~nka V~llage Shop Mud w~th 20 12 60 0 600 12 000 978 S~ra]Y~mam V~llage Res~dence Mud w~th 40 10 25 0 600 24,000 24 ao o hno 18 000 979 _ Ahrned- -- Ylrnarn -Vlllaqe- - -- Residence _ Mud wlth -30 -- -

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I f I I

House Area -

No. Town Household Head ~~~~l~ Type of House Unit Cost Cornpensa /PA the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House. 30M in Rural 997 Admasu Nemera Tea Room Mud with 12.87 7.26 56.4 600 7,722 998 CafklShop Mud with 21J 15.6 74.3 600 12,600 Total Section II 6,551,490

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Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban r1 I I ,

Household Head %of the House

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban

Household Head %of the House

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I I I I I 1 I House Area I I

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers

Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban r

House Area

Town Pur~Oseof No. Household Head ~~~~l~ Type of House /PA the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the I ROW in urban and House.

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and ZOm of ROW in urban I I I 7 House Area

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Household Head Gross House %of the House

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers

Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban In

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban n I I I I I

Household Head Gross House %of the House

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers

Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan

Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I

Household Head Gross House %of the House

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Household Head

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Household Head

1539 (100 05 space 38.76 30 6 78.9 23,256 1540 Kebele House Closed 05 Mud with 43.68 10.4 23.8 (100 26.208 1541 Tanliru Setegne 05 Res. Mud with 43.68 10 4 23.8 000 26.208 1542 Gobene Daro 05 Res. Mud with 34.2 9.9 28.9 (Iclll 20,520 1543 Abdulkadir Hassen 05 Res. Mud with 32 25 o AG 29.3 0n0 19,350 ,) 1 -. !., p (,I I,, -8 ppn ni: r, !' 1 :,( , ;.I. I ,,-I! ,

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Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I House Area C,

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual

Household Head %of the House

ROW in urban and

SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Draft Final RAP Report

Annex 5:

Minutes of Meetings with Local Authorities

The meetings were held between 03/04/06 to 06/04/06 in the Woreda's and localities mentioned below

- Seyo Woreda - Gawo Dale Woreda - Howawllel Woreda - Dale Sedi Woreda

- Ayra Guliso Woreda

- Lalu Asabi Woreda - Gimbi Woreda

Minutes of meetings were held in Amharic. These are enclosed here.

, Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 51

Minutes of meetings

Summary notes on minutes of meetings with village level kebele, municipalities (Ketema), and Wereda administrations that the road upgrading project traversed.

Final meetings to reach some kind of consensus and agreements were held between April 03, 2006 to April 06, 2006 in the Weredas and localities mentioned bellow after all the necessary inventories and assessments were done.

- Seyo Wereda - CawoDale Wereda - HawaWelel Wereda - DaleSedi Wereda - AyraCuliso Wereda

- LaloAsabi Wereda - Cimbi Wereda

Minutes of meetings were held in Amharic and the script and language used was Amharic for the convenience of attendants. This is attached with this Annex and summarized as follows.

Major issues that have been raised in the processes of minutes of meetings and agreements are reached on the following variables.

I. List of PAPS due to the upgrading project had been identified in the presence of local authorities, public representatives and professionals from respective Wereda government institutions. 2. Local authorities and PAPS had been informed about the cut-off- date. Local authorities agreed to take precautionary measures to halt new constructions close to the ROW. 3. Local authorities had been requested about the availability of lands for those who will be displaced and resettled. They all agreed to provide land for constructions of new residences, shopping, and market places and provisions of plots of lands for fully demolished government, community and non-governmental institutions. 4. Local authorities had been informed about their responsibilities and commitments for the construction of new residential and service giving rooms for displaced PAPS whom were tenants of Kebele associations. They all agreed to construct similar or if possible better residential houses in accepting compensation payments from ERA. They also agreed to re-rent the newly constructed residential houses for PAPSat the same rental price as they paid before. 5. Local authorities had been informed about monitoring of proper usages of compensation payments targeted for restorations of livelihoods. They all agreed

to monitor either compensation payments are used for the purpose they are intended or not. 6. Local authorities had been informed about the importance of giving special attention to the disabled, the elderly, sick household heads, child headed households and female headed households. Accordingly they all agreed to provide the necessary support for these PAPSto rebuild their houses in buying the necessary items, contracting labourers, transporting their household utilities and restore their livelihoods.

Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP i3 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Draft Final RAP Reoort

Annex 6

Structured Questioners

$1 Spa11Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1%;

LT+ L\n\lel ii / Structured Questionnaires

A/ lip\ni IM~LES~(Household Level)

1. LaEa "N (Full Name)

3. Iq (Sex) 4. RW (Occupation) 5. f lip\n n)r (Family Size) 6. frNCYr aTk (Educational Status) 7. f'Y (f-Lr) pIe (Monthly or Yearly Income 8. KMU r (Religion) 9. nHiT\n (Ethnicity) 10. f TU LUU kik* (Mother tongue) 1 1. ETnu Aa)Bq (Marital Status) 12. fttmle'a AN (TownJPA) 13. IL jp- "W'5 NCEilr Ee,tteor EIklevEa jnTsv (Impact of the road upgrading project on personal properties).

a) lir (House) lAg EpPW (mud with CIS) , lnEaSir fpPW(~aow Concrete Block) , IjYjZ f pPW (Corrugated lrona, lAi3/4r f pPW (Wooden Alone) , IpOTl -af pPW (Masonry) , S0r EOr I-in'' Epm(Front side masonry) , ]Y lir (Thatched rned) , "xr (Area)

b/ L7S.i (Store) f pPWlr e]eA(h4atBls used for consation),

3 13-4-5-u 6 CI f i.- -Y3r -")r (Commercial venture)

dl pkMr (Institution) rllir (School) , IipCEupilj (Church) , LApe- (M(ue) , DAq lir (Post ace) , miCE (Bank) , "Galir (Tele) , LnWm'G (Electric Power) , oers el f"Ya a (Agricultural Land Temporarily & Permanently) "xr (Area) , )elli~'a Etce-Yr -")r- LOi (Types of crops grown) -

f/ kMe pCEG I+}r- LOj(Perennial crops):

14. lip\n= 'iA% Mfr fp]-t'i& LAMr fpl-t'i '"N pL]]" v.Y IEmt'i .E\ov cEi (VLIInerable groups) 15. ELjp- "W'i IE-r f.G tAplfr(Attitudes towards the project)

16. tAij IE'i Ljp- tLti mELD}i \eaYAn* £}IT LpaFFr '"N v.Y lepGlGj (Problelns faced due to bad condition of the existing road)

17. p11 EL'inr '"N Soq oq ELjd]dA fMeOdLilr fL1IY r lepGiGj (Transportation used) 18. Itcmle. f Meid]d\i fOpY ~~SY(V=V--"}r& p0Fpe)r- -1iYor IepGiGj (Extent of availability) 19. ILjp- "W'i NCEjir EMeiOirjnTr INj LGS~I~SOG* "LY))Ei (Preference of [node and types of compensation)

20. A jr leS0G. If 1'5 "FEi (Amount of compensation )

21. IkMe}r fMelOirfnYa MI cE EM~SOG-(1 Ip j3n ppNll Ie\%e "aFG '"A pp~e LXr Ielv,ae (Options for losses that is targeted on land to land colnpensations and monetary ones)

22. Itcrnle* A jr '"N Nj-"}r fOi-pkMr tEi (Health Institutions)

23. Ittmle- jr "'N Nj-"}r rllisv tEa (Availability of schools)

24. f LnWr tpG.EPrr ipf Ei(Electricity) 25. f "GCE- DAqtpG.Eerr ipf Ei(Tele & Posta! service)

26. ^YA. '"N flip\n tmG- ^)SeCj pkMr EM.,r " jr \-r "03mt"G& INj -")r L"YA PdMFvAi (Distance traveled to reach important institutions and types of transportation used) 27. PIX SD)~ILTpyrj NYr fr "'O5qG (Marketing for agricultural products)

- 28. EL~~Y(NYrmj EL'%) "jr I'))E5 (Transportation expenses)

29. MttIVI DT tTN- NY% 5Y f L]\Eirj .n-r IpeSi'i- IpL)))),,"7 Ip f Eij -cFp,~ NCEjlpyj lep~jGj (availability of fertilizer, pesticide or herbicide and improved seeds) 30. EL0% '.'N EEiF .GfiEar f MeI1iEirj'iB Sfr Ip f Ei- liYn Ydr EL0% EMeDj 'iB tFp,ai?"Ci il~>r*jEMYtr "jr \-r "')Ei (Availability of potable water) 31. N.n EMn\GN D) lir*~EMOi f MeOdLilrf)(t3 -")r lepGjGi Sfr Iv~WG (Energy used for cooking or other purposes) 32. tAii SM~PU~"W Ip%MV E'I'F pIe fMeIAp,, p%MV "W "PWEij S\U' NjNi-")rAW"PWE5 A.~r,pfEi A l (availability of off-farm activities) 33. tm'W SD)~mElir* lir 'iA%N D) Slir 'i~Nj Nj "W*vj "PWEi (Burdon on woii.len) 34. f Ljp(ce "W ImElir* F" NjNj -")r f "W A-j lgGFG nE'i "pNqEi (Positive ilnpact of the road on gender related variables)

(B) tcmlei lp~ESp(Group Level)

I. f'Ttt'5 f~p~'i'"N fdlEi pIX'5 MClY "N (TownIPA)

2. f Lip- "W'i OdMdq tE'5 nE'i cL)i "dlbldq'ii IepGjGj (Group altitude towards the road project

3. fLjptte "W IMeS-'jlr- S~S-')N I(F pictr EelASr~EMevGmt'ij .I1 v IeSTceUGi( Possible impacts of the project)

4. p5ttsvi EL~TULaT tEmt'5 nE'5 fMeIN)5mt'5i )%ov le5T~eUGi(Mitigation measures) 5. ILip- . jmq'5 'ir %/4igh f M~I~OG'~'~f po%~Ansv qVtni- mCF"i iY-v f LgnY oqev- f ^N)r ttmle-vi lep~i~i (Impact of the project on Archaeological and historical sites) 6. fttmle'5 )"V ILii- .imq15 'ir- tEdN IIF Lipttei IPLES~EelaYp'5 fMevG tAp"i%o(rnnY) tE IeSTCeUGi (Public participation in the road project)

7. I. jrnq'a NCEiir p5ttr fMeaYAmt'5.E\ov- pkMr tE5 INi LGS~I~SOG XU )'a nFvA5 qN-FvA~(Compensation procedures and types)

- - -

8. Itcmlelty iE5ri LPTq"i v.Zv nrSToeUGi (Major socio-economic problems) _

9. f NYr 'a0iqvA5i fr )'5 f Nr'"5r (Marketing impediments)

10. I.E\n '"N IMCIT\n aT? f Me)\5 (fM~OOU) v.ZV~ INi IGS~1'5 f ~r0pyr(Grievance redressing mechanisms)

2. f LXr tOgdN&f qT\ , EeqTAfMevG , f.%b LXr , Iaiip'6)

, I]Y f p.0) .-, ITBM , SOG ITBM , E'iE0v (Land use in hectare) 3. fLXr "0 q 1.G f plS ILi.9 %1g "Y IE (Land holding in hectare) 4. f PIX'S tMc,, "0 q IBfiCEqY (Average land holding) 5. ftcmle'i f LXr Suq SmCY 'EG IF" (Altitude) 6. f ttmle'i ftfY Dm" (Climatic zone) 7. ftcmle'i -Lq"i foe-n LOi(Mean annual rainfall) 8. ftcmle'5 tMc,, f Lidr LOi(Temperature in each month of the year

9. Ittmle'5 IE f'iB Anr (Rivers, lakes, ground water) lo.f tcmle'i (f'~cc'5/fSp~'5 '"N fdlEi'5) Joen EL0%EMeDi 'iB Sfr Ipf G Smo jmo& S1joe&$pi-'- (Source of drink water in the area) II. ftcmle'i fJoen n)r ir !.6- (Population number) 12.fAN}r (H"MO r) -")sv (Religion) 13.f tcmle'i MCIT\n f p\MWmt'i fAW+}sv (Occupational diversity)

14.\isv IMCIT\I5 'AA%IFt'i oq (I~IIY)(Gender issue) fAWBFO}r lGMr "W F" IFt'5 p]r~ I'i]}d t\))% F" IFt'i pdm"}r IFt'i f "W --G 15. Itcmle'i Itn)f'5 f Mehflbq -"}r (Diseases)

16.f"i- pkMr -"}r- n)r , (Health institutions) 17.dlEi1al'Tcc'5 SOi- pkMr IE'i Ydr (Distance from health institution)

18. Itcmle'%IE'i £ti-^ Ibq "YAr LOi(HIVIAIDS)

19. Iti-AIbq S5Vi fps-'15 "W-v lep~j~j(Awareness creation and condom distl-ibution) 20. f rNCYr lisv e%Y -f pMV*v e%Y -r - I.c- (Schools and enrollment) 21. I1Tcc'5/ldlEi'5'AA% EGMr f MeD}5 Ansv cE5 (Natural resources)

22. I'T(('5 (I1 j) 'iiA'/4',El&, f Ljp- Ai3)dq lepGj~j tAxGr foOYLip- %Ype', Ljp- (Road condition of the area) 23. Ittmlelty f Meid]d\5 Lj."qni iGD}5 pkMr- f pPMUlrj f "W ^jiAg\ilepGjGj (Availability and activities of NGO's) 24. Availability of social amenities like electric city, telephone linens, and potable water

1. 72 .3 - 25. Cost estimation per meter or pieces of above mentioned

Annex 7

List of Reference

!a.Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consolting Engineers

ANNEX 7 LISTS OF REFERENCES

Central Statistical Authority, Statistical abstract 2004

Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; Proclamation No. 111 995

Environmental Assessment, Operational 4.01 Annex A World Bank Washington, D.C, 1989.

Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline: Environmental Protection Authority, Addis Ababa, 2000

Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Environmental Protection Authority, Addis Ababa, April 1997

Ethiopian Roads Authority, Environmental Procedure Manual, 2001, Addils Ababa Ethiopia

Ethiopian Roads Authority, ResettlementIRehabilitation Policy Framework, February 2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Federal Land administration and use Proclamation No 45612005

Federal Environmental protection authority April, 1997: The Environmental Policy Ethiopia.

Federal Environmental protection Authority 2004: Environmental assessment reporting Guide; EPA Addis Ababa.

F.D.R.E. proclamation on land expropriation and compensation payments - No 45512005

HIV 1 AIDS Policy in working places of ERA, January 2004

Negarit Gazeta (Gazette Extraordinary): Civil Code of the Empire of Ethiopia, 1960

Ministry of Finance and Economic Development annual report, 2006

Operational Directive 4.12 and Annex A (OP 4.12)\

Oromia National Regional Government Environmental Protection Office : Stocktaking Capacity Needs Assessment and Action Plan for the Implementation of Environmental Protection and management in Oromia, September, 2005.

Provisional Military Administrative Council, (PMAC), Proclamation on expropriation of rural land, Proclamation No 3 11 1975 and urban land, Proclamatioil No 47 1 1975

Proclamation No 8011 997 in re-establishing E;R.A

Proclamatioil No 911 995 - in establishing Environmental protection authority

Road Sector Development Program 1997-2007, second Draft Final Report. Ethiopian Roads Authority, Addis Ababa, January 1996

Road Sector Development Program 111 (2007-20 10)

Some Aspects of the Population Issue: Bulletin of the Forum for Social Studies, Vol. 2 No.3&4 (December 2004)

Some Aspects of Poverty in Ethiopia: FSS studies on poverty No. 1 (2003)

The challenge of resettlement in Ethiopia: Bulletin of the Forum for Social Studies, Vol. 1 No.3 (November 2003)

The conservatioil Strategy of Ethiopia; Vol I-V: Secretariat for the Coilservation Strategy of Ethiopia, Environmental Protection Authority in collaboration with Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa, April 1996

The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia; FDRE Office of Population and Housing Commission, Central Statistical Authority, Addis Ababa, April 1996

World Bank Operational Manual & Bank Policies, OP & BP (2001)

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 42 18, (April 2007): Rural land certification in Ethiopia: Process, initial impact and implications for other African countries.

Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8. Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Draft Final RAP Report ...... -...... -...... -...... - -.-...... --...... - -...... ------.------

Annex 8

Responses for the Comments of Mekenajo-Dembidolo

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 141

Responses for the Comments of Mekenajo-Dembidolo (Dec.29/08)

Comments 1 Clarifications I Remarks I Please submit a comprehensive (an all inclusive) RAP that includes 1 -Comment s are amended ! table of content and annexes. If the document is too large to be sent through conventional e-mail, please do the following: a) reduce the size of pictures; b) compress the document and, c) contact the World Bank Office in Addis Ababa for Assistance. 2 1 Table of Content -Comment amended Please insert a table of content, it is missing Executive summary - Comment s are amended -Ethiopian Electric Power and a) Move Table 5, from page 11 under the first text of the Telecommunication Corporations usually executive summary, just before the subtitle objective of the change age old lines when they RAP and out as table title, Key Data of the RAP. In the table, transferred transmission lines. Due to you may want to review items 16 and 17; compensation will this reason both costs of the poles and be paid for poles to be relocated not for the Km of lines. lines are taking in to considerations. Please revise to number of telephone and electric poles to be affected. b) Table I, the project affected household heads are presented by junction, except Chanka -Dembidolo, please present them by Wereda or kebele, junction can be put in parenthesis. In the same table, occupation 3 is labelled pension, I Presume it means retired, so please replace it with retired. c) Budget requirement for the RAP - delete scenarios 1and 3, for the following reasons: i) the ERAS practiced during APL1, APL2 and APL3 has been to reduce the right of way in urban sections in order to avoid resettlement ii) a RAP should an implementation manual, as precise possible iii) please ensure that the summary of basic data and the summary of project affected persons reflects scenario 2, 20 meters right of way in urban sections and 30 meters in rural ; iv) meter is abbreviated m , and not Mt, please revise; v) please specify the source of funding of the RAP. Who will find the implementation of the RAP? Under APL1, APL2 and APL3, T--- this has been the Federal Government of Ethiopia though the Ministry of finance; vii) are the budget requirements for -- (Viii) a budget requirement for the the compensation committee incorporated in the budget, if compensation committee had been not, please incorporate them viii) the current project road is already incorporated. a gravel road to be upgraded, can you please in the text preceding the budget table explain why there more permanent loss of farmland than temporary loss under project operation? d) Public Consultations - i) please insert a paragraph or two, summarizing the responseslpositions of local communities, towards the project road; ii) Please clarify the following sentence on p. 10: "On the part of the local authorities strong pledge is made to prepare land for resettlement ? Does it mean a request to compensate land for land? Please specify! e) Objective of the RAP, Page 15 : please revise the wording and consider the following alternative -To prevent or at I least mitigate the adverse impacts associated with the implementation of the road project; to deliver the entitlements to the PAPSand support the restoration of their livelihoods, in line with the ERA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF); to maximize the involvement of PAPS in all stages of the implementation of the RAP; and to ensure that the standard of living of PAPS is improved or at least restored. f) Methodology - The text on page 16, contains generic 1 computer message to deleted, the message is - Error! Reference.... Legal Policy and Administrative Framework a) Point 3.7 World Bank Operational Policies (OP4.12), at the -Comments are amended end of the presentation, insert, the matrix from P.30, Comparison of Ethiopian Legislation and OP 4.12 b) Point 3.8 Institutional Framework - Briefly Present the various stakeholders and their roles in the implementation of the RAP. Besides the ERA and the EPA, there are the woredas and the regional EPAs, for instance, see text on

Potential Socio - economic Impacts of the Project a) Point 4.2 socio-economic impacts of the project - the table on page 37 has no title, please insert a title; b) in the table, -Comments are amended Chanka - Dembidolo have no institutions affected, please ensure that this information is correct c) Point 4.2.1.3 Impact of Project on Roadside ... Which right of was used to calculate the impacts? Scenario 1, two or three? Please ensure that the impacts are calculated on the basis of scenario 2, that is 20 meters of right of way in urban areas and 30 in rural areas. d) The current chapter on impacts has not presented strips of farmlands to be affected. Please specify in this chapter, the quantity of strips of farmland to be affected in each Woreda, with a brake down of permanently and temporary affected. The current project road is a gravel road to be upgraded, can you please explain why there more permanent loss of farmland than temporary loss under project operations, as stated in the budget Table 6.p.16 e) Point 4.6 Assistance to Vulnerable Groups, Table 4.8, also here, Please ensure that the impacts are calculated on the basis of scenario 2. Method of Valuing Compensation for loss of Housing and Business a) Point 6.2.1 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Farmlands. Under this headline, please specify how many PAPS that have been identified to permanently lose their farmlands or strips of farmlands and how many are expected to temporary lose strips of their farmland. The current project road is gravel road to be upgraded, can you please explain why there more permanent loss of farmland than temporary loss under project operations, as stated in the budget Table 6.p.16. Organizational Procedures for Delivery of Entitlements -Comments are amended a) Point 72 ., subtitle reporting - after that text of that subtitle, please insert Fig. 7.2 Synchronized Implementation Schedule from Page 67. b) Point 7.3, Are the budget requirements for the compensation committee incorporated in the budget, if not, please incorporate them. Grievance Redress Mechanisms -The consultant tried to consult ERA. Please revise this chapter by adding some paragraphs about the role However, Could not identify of the compensation committee in grievance redress. The additional information beyond what compensation committees to address grievances Please consult with has been stated in the RAP manual. for the procedure. -Budget requirements for the Review the budget as per the above made comments: a) Are the -Comments amended compensation committee had been budget requirements for the compensation committee incorporated already incorporated. Comments beyond in the budget, if not, please incorporate them; b) The current project this are amended. road is a gravel road to be upgraded, can you please explain why there more permanent loss of farmland than temporary loss under project operations, as stated in the budget Table 6.p.16; c) HIVIAIDS presentation activities should be given a budget line, and likewise compensation to vulnerable groups; d) What is the source of funding for the implementation of the RAP - Elaborate in a couple of paragraph, how the ERA will acquire the money for the funding. Monitoring and Evaluation I -Comments amended a) This chapter should be label chapter 10, and not chapter 11, as it is in the current draft RAP; b)Under Point 11.1 (current RAP) specify the role the local communities and that of Federal and the Regional EPAs. b) Under performance monitoring and impact monitoring, specify the role of local communities and that of Federal and the Regional EPAs c) Point 11.4, (current RAP) Impact Monitoring of the RAP, please delete the first statement reading; " it is recommended that evaluation." The RAP should not give recommendations it should state, what should be done. As alternative replacement, of the deleted statement, consider the following: Impact evaluation will be commissioned by the ERA, and conducted by an independent .... 11 The RAP Disclosure (This should be chapter 11) a) The RAP has to be disclosed in Ethiopian first, before it can be disclosed at the World Bank. B) The World bank can only disclose the RAP after receiving letter from the Ethiopian Government, allowing the Bank to disclose. C) A summary of the RAP should be translated into relevant local languages and made public at local government (Wereda and kebele) office. d) Please review the following text. " Once approved, for public disclosure purposes, the RAP will be made available via the World Bank info shop. In addition, short brochures will be printed and distributed to inform people on the RAP implementation arrangements. The following process will be followed by ERA to disclose the RAP. (Review this paragraph as per the above comments) ERA will place the RAP at designated places throughout the construction phases. These designated Places may include government and non -government institutions all along the road project, and other public places as directed by the World Bank. (Delete this Paragraph) ERA will inform the availability of the RAP at designated places to the public in the electronic media (including ERASWeb site) and government news papers. (This should be number 1. Alternative text, ERA will disclose the RAP about the practices under APL1, APL2 and APL 3) ERA'S information and public Relation services and Right of Way division will contact and inform relevant ministries, non- governmental organizations local authorities and community members, and : ERA will send copies of the final RAP to immediate stakeholders including respective regional government, zone and Wereda offices. " (This should be number 2 with additional about summary in local languages) 12 Annexs- Annex 5 is missing, or it could be a question of numeration. -Comment amended Please check and address. Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Draft Final RAP Report .Meken~@.~oemb!d~!~.P_oar!.U~_~~adi~~.P:o!~~f...... ffff.fff...f.ff....f..ff.f..f....f.f...... ff...f...ffff.....f..fff.ffff...ff...

Annex g

Project Photos

lq Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers

Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP B Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual

Junction to Rob Gebeya Town Inango Town

lnango Town Mango trees close to Alem Teferi Town

Banana trees near Chanka town A row of Mango trees near Chanka town

Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers

HaroSebu (AlemTeferi) town Inango town

Spa11 Consultant In Assoc~at~onw~th Beza Consult~ngEng~neers 6-2