DOCSLIB.ORG

Conservation of Mantella Frogs FEATURE | Mantella FROGS Greatest Survival Asset

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conservation of Mantella Frogs FEATURE | Mantella FROGS Greatest Survival Asset Conservation of mantella frogs FEATURE | MANTELLA FROGS greatest survival asset. This is aposematism (which comes from the Greek for ‘warning colouration’). They even employ so-called ‘Batesian mimicry’ to assist their survival. The description is given to an animal that is brightly- coloured and pretends to copy toxic or venomous species but does not possess such deadly toxins itself. Mantellas are very similar inappearance to Only a relatively few the neotropical high-profile conservation poison dart frogs, and this is indicative projects feature in the of what is known as general media. There are The spectacular golden toad – now believed to be extinct. convergent many others, however, evolution. It there is an estimated figure of 47,978 There is, however, describes how that can be very species of fauna and flora featured on the another golden-coloured evolution pressures significant for the survival IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. While a amphibian, which, with its lead to the existence of few species such as the giant panda grab relatives, faces an uncertain what – as in this case – of species, and there is the headlines, there are countless others future on a small island on the can be widely-separated certain no uniform that most people have never heard of, other side of the world. The species, but with a common approach that can be such is the scale of the problem. Amongst beautiful and vibrant mantella frogs appearance. In this case again, these are many amphibians, whose represent a remarkable genus of the mantellas reveal a close relationship guaranteed to give results. numbers have been particularly affected Order Anura that exhibit and perform with neotropical poison dart frogs. over recent years by the spread of the almost identical behaviours as their Captive-bred golden As well as sharing the similarities in In this article, Joshua mantellas (Mantella deadly chytrid fungus disease, which is neotropical counterparts, comprising the aurantiaca) produced by colour with the family Dendrobatidae, Ralph discusses the capable of wiping out whole populations poison dart frog family, Dendrobatidae. Mitsinjo as part of a mantellas do also possess skin toxins, current conservation in a terrifyingly short space of time. project to mitigate the known simply as lipophilic alkaloids. These Just one example was the spectacular Mantellas as a group loss of Mantella habitat at are nowhere near as potent as the toxins efforts being undertaken the nearby nickel and golden toad (Incilius (Bufo) periglenes) Generally, mantella frogs are small, even cobalt mine. that can be found in dendrobatids in wild. by facilities on the ground which was restricted as far is known to though they do range in size potentially in Photo © Mitsinjo. Both groups, however, acquire them in in Madagascar, aiming to high-altitude region measuring only about size from15-40mm (0.6-1.6in), from snout similar ways, from their prey in the wild. four square kilometres (1.5sq ml) in area] to vent. Most of them will vary greatly in This gives new meaning to the phrase preserve members of the north of the city of Monteverde in Costa appearance/colouration, habitat that “you are what you eat”! It also genus Mantella. Rica. Originally described in 1966, the last requirements and potentially behaviour. provides another reson to emphasise the time that this species was seen alive in However, if it is one thing they do all have need to conserve these frogs in the wild, May 1989. in common, it is their usage of their because their skin secretions could yield new drugs, in the same way that poison dart frogs have already proved to be very Mantellas are all valuable in terms of the creation of both brightly coloured. This is the golden mantella. various new painkillers and anaesthetics. Madagascar’s ver the course of our planet’s A bleak future dramatic landscape history, countless species of fauna The facts are chilling. Our species, Homo Mada-who-ha? differs, thanks in part to the central and flora have existed and sapiens, has caused the direct or indirect Around 88 million years ago, when the mountain range, as subsequently died out, for a wide decline and eventual extinction of prehistoric southern supercontinent seen here from Ovariety of reasons. It’s a staggering hundreds of species, and in the past 500 known as Gondwana or Gondwanaland space. thought that over 98% of the species years alone, the number that have gone began to separate into pieces, leading Photo courtesy Mitsinjo. recorded on the planet no longer exist extinct is estimated to be approximately ultimately to the formation of today’s today. 869 (IUCN Red List – 2007). continents, a small chunk of land Most people are familiar with the mass Most of these have indeed fallen into extinction at the end of the Cretaceous legend, such as the Tasmanian tiger Period that heralded the end of the (Thylacinus cynocephalus – extinct 1936) dinosaurs and the rise of mammals about an Australian marsupial, the great auk 65 million years ago. But this is only one of (Pinguinus impennis – extinct 1852), which five recognised ‘mass extinctions’ that have resembled the penguins of the southern occurred on Earth over the past 540 hemisphere in its appearance, and of million years, as defined by more than half course, that ultimate symbol of extinction, of the species on the planet being wiped the dodo (Raphus cucullatus – extinct out over a narrow window of time. 1681) which was another flightless Now however, scientists are now talking species. about a sixth extinction event of this type, There are less well-known cases too, and have even coined a name for it – the involving reptiles, such as the small, Anthropocene, meaning ‘man-made”. land-dwelling crocodiles that lived on the Predications suggest that in 300 years, islands in the South Pacific, notably New approximately 75% of all large vertebrate Caledonia. These were hunted to will have disappeared from the planet, extinction less than 2000 years ago, by the influenced to a greater or lesser extent by early human settlers on the island. human activity. It is a sobering thought that today, Showing how the southern continent of Gondawanland split apart, with the northern supercontinent Laurasia also shown here, leading to the modern world. 14 | Practical Reptile Keeping OCTOBER 2014 | 15 Mantellas: species and status FEATURE | MANTELLA FROGS Madagascar represents a truly unique environment on Planet Earth. The current list of 16 species found within the genus of Mantella, along with their current categorisation on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (last assessed and This ‘green’ mantella specimen is in fact believed to be a published in 2008) is as follows: localised variant of the yellow mantella (Mantella crocea), described as “Ambohitantely” Photo © Mitsinjo. ■ Golden mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) – Critically Endangered. measuring approximately 592,800sq km Small frogs with big problems ■ Harlequin mantella (Mantella cowani) (228,900sq ml) started to move away from Like the majority of the unique fauna and – Critically Endangered. mainland Africa. Today, it forms the island flora found on Madagascar, mantellas as a ■ Black-eared mantella (Mantella milotympanum) of Madagascar, ranking as the fourth group are under severe threat. Currently, largest on Earth. there are 16 members of the genus (with – Critically Endangered. Being split partly in two by a vast potentially more locality variants/colours ■ Yellow mantella (Mantella crocea) – Endangered. mountain range which form a spine runs to be discovered) and shockingly, all of ■ along the Madagascar’s entire length has these are already listed on the IUCN Red Blue-legged mantella (Mantella expectata) resulted in the creation of a unique range List of Threatened Species, covering all five – Endangered of habitats. Eastern and northern areas are of the Threatened categories (excluding ■ Bernhard’s mantella (Mantella bernhardi) comprised mainly of lush rainforests and the two extinct categories) that are used – Endangered. swamps, while western and southern for the assessment of species. parts are a mixture of arid woodland and ■ Green mantella (Mantella viridis) – Endangered. Habitat loss forests, with parched desert areas. ■ Beautiful mantella (Mantella pulchra) – Vulnerable The highly unusual combination of Across most of the eastern coast of AD Page long-standing island isolation and a varied Madagascar, a technique of agriculture ■ Malagasy painted mantella (Mantella landscape has created some of has been in practice for many, madagascariensis) – Vulnerable the most unusual and many years causing a ■ distinctive wildlife on A meeting in October 2012 drastic decline in the Marojejy mantella (Mantella manery) – Vulnerable the planet. In total, in the city of Moramanga, about natural habitat of ■ the national conservation strategy Harald Meier’s mantella (Mantella haraldmeieri) 90% of the species for the golden mantella. mantellas. This – Vulnerable. occurring there Photo © Mitsinjo. method is exist nowhere known as “tavy” ■ Climbing mantella (Mantella laevigata) else in the or more – Near Threatened world, and commonly as ■ Brown leaf mantella (Mantella betsileo) there are slash-and- more than burn – Least Concern. 500 species of cultivation. It ■ Baron’s painted mantella (Mantella baroni) amphibian, involves trees, – Least Concern. 99% of which smaller brush are also and bushes ■ Bronze mantella (Mantella ebenaui) – Least Concern. endemic. Looked being cut down ■ Guibe’s mantella (Mantella nigricans) at in these terms, it is and left to dry out – Least Concern. clear why Madagascar over the course of the is such a biological hotspot winter period when The threats that these small anurans face are certainly for zoologists and also offers so precipitation is low, and then far from small. Potentially each and every one of them much potential for hobbyist keepers eventually being burnt just before the first wanting to study and breed species, rains arrive. could bring an end to the future of any of the species discovering more about them in the 137819309 Slash and burn has within their wild habitat.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Predation Upon Mantella Aurantiaca in the Torotorofotsy Wetlands, Central-Eastern Madagascar
    Herpetology Notes, volume 2: 95-97 (2009) (published online on 10 July 2009) Predation upon Mantella aurantiaca in the Torotorofotsy wetlands, central-eastern Madagascar Olga Jovanovic1*, Miguel Vences1, Goran Safarek2, Falitiana C.E. Rabemananjara3, Rainer Dolch4 Abstract. Malagasy poisonous frogs of genus Mantella are small, diurnal frogs with skin glands containing alkaloids and characterised by aposematic colouration. Due to their noxiousness and warning colouration, it is thought that they do not have many natural predators. Until now, only one successful and one aborted predation on Mantella frogs were reported. Herein, we account about two successful predations on M. aurantiaca in Torotorofotsy wetland, in central-eastern Madagascar. The first predation was observed by lizard Zoonosaurus sp. and the second predation by a snake probably belonging to Thamnosophis lateralis. Both predators did not seem to mind the taste of the M. aurantiaca and ingested it. Keywords. Amphibia: Mantellidae, poison frogs, Thamnosophis, Zoonosaurus Only little is known about predation on poisonous genus Melanophryniscus of southeastern South America, frogs in general, in particular for those containing in Malagasy poison frogs of the genus Mantella (family skin alkaloids. Until now, there are around 30 reports Mantellidae) of Madagascar, and the myobatrachid published on predation on poisonous frogs, mostly genus Pseudophryne of Australia (Daly, Highet and belonging to the families Bufonidae and Leptodactylidae Myers, 1984; Daly et al., 2002). All of
    [Show full text]
  • Blumgart Et Al 2017- Herpetological Survey Nosy Komba
    Journal of Natural History ISSN: 0022-2933 (Print) 1464-5262 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnah20 Herpetological diversity across intact and modified habitats of Nosy Komba Island, Madagascar Dan Blumgart, Julia Dolhem & Christopher J. Raxworthy To cite this article: Dan Blumgart, Julia Dolhem & Christopher J. Raxworthy (2017): Herpetological diversity across intact and modified habitats of Nosy Komba Island, Madagascar, Journal of Natural History, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1287312 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1287312 Published online: 28 Feb 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 23 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnah20 Download by: [BBSRC] Date: 21 March 2017, At: 02:56 JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1287312 Herpetological diversity across intact and modified habitats of Nosy Komba Island, Madagascar Dan Blumgart a, Julia Dolhema and Christopher J. Raxworthyb aMadagascar Research and Conservation Institute, BP 270, Hellville, Nosy Be, Madagascar; bDivision of Vertebrate Zoology, American, Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY A six month herpetological survey was undertaken between March Received 16 August 2016 and September 2015 on Nosy Komba, an island off of the north- Accepted 17 January 2017 west coast of mainland Madagascar which has undergone con- KEYWORDS fi siderable anthropogenic modi cation. A total of 14 species were Herpetofauna; conservation; found that have not been previously recorded on Nosy Komba, Madagascar; Nosy Komba; bringing the total island diversity to 52 (41 reptiles and 11 frogs).
    [Show full text]
  • PRAVILNIK O PREKOGRANIĈNOM PROMETU I TRGOVINI ZAŠTIĆENIM VRSTAMA ("Sl
    PRAVILNIK O PREKOGRANIĈNOM PROMETU I TRGOVINI ZAŠTIĆENIM VRSTAMA ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 99/2009 i 6/2014) I OSNOVNE ODREDBE Ĉlan 1 Ovim pravilnikom propisuju se: uslovi pod kojima se obavlja uvoz, izvoz, unos, iznos ili tranzit, trgovina i uzgoj ugroţenih i zaštićenih biljnih i ţivotinjskih divljih vrsta (u daljem tekstu: zaštićene vrste), njihovih delova i derivata; izdavanje dozvola i drugih akata (potvrde, sertifikati, mišljenja); dokumentacija koja se podnosi uz zahtev za izdavanje dozvola, sadrţina i izgled dozvole; spiskovi vrsta, njihovih delova i derivata koji podleţu izdavanju dozvola, odnosno drugih akata; vrste, njihovi delovi i derivati ĉiji je uvoz odnosno izvoz zabranjen, ograniĉen ili obustavljen; izuzeci od izdavanja dozvole; naĉin obeleţavanja ţivotinja ili pošiljki; naĉin sprovoĊenja nadzora i voĊenja evidencije i izrada izveštaja. Ĉlan 2 Izrazi upotrebljeni u ovom pravilniku imaju sledeće znaĉenje: 1) datum sticanja je datum kada je primerak uzet iz prirode, roĊen u zatoĉeništvu ili veštaĉki razmnoţen, ili ukoliko takav datum ne moţe biti dokazan, sledeći datum kojim se dokazuje prvo posedovanje primeraka; 2) deo je svaki deo ţivotinje, biljke ili gljive, nezavisno od toga da li je u sveţem, sirovom, osušenom ili preraĊenom stanju; 3) derivat je svaki preraĊeni deo ţivotinje, biljke, gljive ili telesna teĉnost. Derivati većinom nisu prepoznatljivi deo primerka od kojeg potiĉu; 4) država porekla je drţava u kojoj je primerak uzet iz prirode, roĊen i uzgojen u zatoĉeništvu ili veštaĉki razmnoţen; 5) druga generacija potomaka
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying the Conservation Value of Plantation Forests for a Madagascan Herpetofauna
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 14(1):269–287. Submitted: 6 March 2018; Accepted: 28 March 2019; Published: 30 April 2019. QUANTIFYING THE CONSERVATION VALUE OF PLANTATION FORESTS FOR A MADAGASCAN HERPETOFAUNA BETH EVANS Madagascar Research and Conservation Institute, Nosy Komba, Madagascar current address: 121 Heathway, Erith, Kent DA8 3LZ, UK, email: [email protected] Abstract.—Plantations are becoming a dominant component of the forest landscape of Madagascar, yet there is very little information available regarding the implications of different forms of plantation agriculture for Madagascan reptiles and amphibians. I determined the conservation value of bamboo, secondary, open-canopy plantation, and closed-canopy plantation forests for reptiles and amphibians on the island of Nosy Komba, in the Sambirano region of north-west Madagascar. Assistants and I conducted 220 Visual Encounter Surveys between 29 January 2016 and 5 July 2017 and recorded 3,113 reptiles (32 species) and 751 amphibians (nine species). Closed-canopy plantation supported levels of alpha diversity and community compositions reflective of natural forest, including several threatened and forest-specialist species. Open-canopy plantation exhibited diminished herpetofaunal diversity and a distinct community composition dominated by disturbance-resistant generalist species. Woody tree density and bamboo density were positively correlated with herpetofaunal species richness, and plantation species richness, plantation species density, sapling density, and the proportion of wood ground cover were negatively associated with herpetofaunal diversity. I recommend the integration of closed-canopy plantations on Nosy Komba, and across wider Madagascar, to help mitigate the negative effects of secondary forest conversion for agriculture on Madagascan herpetofauna; however, it will be necessary to retain areas of natural forest to act as sources of biodiversity for agroforestry plantations.
    [Show full text]
  • Animalia Animals Invertebrata Invertebrates Gromphadorhina
    Santa Barbara Zoo’s list of animals 1/11/15 1 Animalia Animals Invertebrata Invertebrates Gromphadorhina portentosa Cockroach, Madagascar Hissing Blaberus giganteus Cockroach, Caribbean Giant Eurycantha calcarata Insect, Stick Archispirostreptus gigas Millipede, Giant African Heterometrus longimanus Scorpian, Asian Forest Hadrurus arizonensis Scorpian, Desert Hairy Pandinus imperator Scorpian, Common Emperor Damon variegatus Scorpion, Tailless Whip Latrodectus mactans Spider, Black Widow Grammostola rosea Tarantula, Chilean Rose (hair) Brachypelma smithi Tarantula, Mexican Red-Kneed Eupalaestrus campestratus Tarantula, Pink Zebra Beauty Mastigoproctus giganteus Vinegaroon Chordata Chordates Vertebrata Vertebrates Pisces Fish Pygocentrus nattereri Piranha, Red Hypostomus Plecostomus Amphibia Amphibians Trachycephalus Frog, Amazon Milky Phyllobates bicolor Frog, Bicolored Poison Dart Dendrobates azureus Frog, Blue and Black Poison Dart Pseudacris cadaverina Frog, California Tree Mantella aurantiaca Frog, Golden Mantella Dendrobates auratus Frog, Green-and-black Poison Dart tinnctorius and auratus hybrid Frog, Dart Frog Hybrid Agalychnis lemur Frog, Lemur Leaf (tree) Trachycephalus resinifictrix Frog, Mission Golden-Eyed Pseudacris regilla Frog, Pacific Tree Leptodactylus pentadactylus Frog, Smokey Jungle Dendrobates tinctorius Frog, Yellow-and-blue Poison Dart Taricha torosa torosa Newt, Coast Range Incilius alvarius Toad, Colorado River Bufo marinas Toad, Giant Marine 2 Santa Barbara Zoo’s list of animals 1/11/15 Bufo boreas Toad, Western
    [Show full text]
  • Correlates of Eye Colour and Pattern in Mantellid Frogs
    SALAMANDRA 49(1) 7–17 30Correlates April 2013 of eyeISSN colour 0036–3375 and pattern in mantellid frogs Correlates of eye colour and pattern in mantellid frogs Felix Amat 1, Katharina C. Wollenberg 2,3 & Miguel Vences 4 1) Àrea d‘Herpetologia, Museu de Granollers-Ciències Naturals, Francesc Macià 51, 08400 Granollers, Catalonia, Spain 2) Department of Biology, School of Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Bethune-Cookman University, 640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Blvd., Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA 3) Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany 4) Zoological Institute, Division of Evolutionary Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany Corresponding author: Miguel Vences, e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 18 March 2013 Abstract. With more than 250 species, the Mantellidae is the most species-rich family of frogs in Madagascar. These frogs are highly diversified in morphology, ecology and natural history. Based on a molecular phylogeny of 248 mantellids, we here examine the distribution of three characters reflecting the diversity of eye colouration and two characters of head colouration along the mantellid tree, and their correlation with the general ecology and habitat use of these frogs. We use Bayesian stochastic character mapping, character association tests and concentrated changes tests of correlated evolu- tion of these variables. We confirm previously formulated hypotheses of eye colour pattern being significantly correlated with ecology and habits, with three main character associations: many tree frogs of the genus Boophis have a bright col- oured iris, often with annular elements and a blue-coloured iris periphery (sclera); terrestrial leaf-litter dwellers have an iris horizontally divided into an upper light and lower dark part; and diurnal, terrestrial and aposematic Mantella frogs have a uniformly black iris.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Chemical Defense in Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae): Ecology, Pharmacokinetics, and Autoresistance
    Chapter 21 A Review of Chemical Defense in Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae): Ecology, Pharmacokinetics, and Autoresistance Juan C. Santos , Rebecca D. Tarvin , and Lauren A. O’Connell 21.1 Introduction Chemical defense has evolved multiple times in nearly every major group of life, from snakes and insects to bacteria and plants (Mebs 2002 ). However, among land vertebrates, chemical defenses are restricted to a few monophyletic groups (i.e., clades). Most of these are amphibians and snakes, but a few rare origins (e.g., Pitohui birds) have stimulated research on acquired chemical defenses (Dumbacher et al. 1992 ). Selective pressures that lead to defense are usually associated with an organ- ism’s limited ability to escape predation or conspicuous behaviors and phenotypes that increase detectability by predators (e.g., diurnality or mating calls) (Speed and Ruxton 2005 ). Defended organisms frequently evolve warning signals to advertise their defense, a phenomenon known as aposematism (Mappes et al. 2005 ). Warning signals such as conspicuous coloration unambiguously inform predators that there will be a substantial cost if they proceed with attack or consumption of the defended prey (Mappes et al. 2005 ). However, aposematism is likely more complex than the simple pairing of signal and defense, encompassing a series of traits (i.e., the apose- matic syndrome) that alter morphology, physiology, and behavior (Mappes and J. C. Santos (*) Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre , University of British Columbia , #4200-6270 University Blvd , Vancouver , BC , Canada , V6T 1Z4 e-mail: [email protected] R. D. Tarvin University of Texas at Austin , 2415 Speedway Stop C0990 , Austin , TX 78712 , USA e-mail: [email protected] L.
    [Show full text]
  • Cop16 Inf. 32 (English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
    CoP16 Inf. 32 (English only / Únicamente en inglés / Seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Sixteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Bangkok (Thailand), 3-14 March 2013 CITES TRADE: RECENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN APPENDIX II-LISTED SPECIES (1996-2010) The attached document* has been submitted by the Secretariat in relation to agenda item 21 on Capacity building. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. CoP16 Inf. 32 – p. 1 CITES Trade: recent trends in international trade in Appendix II‐listed species (1996‐2010) CITES Project No. S‐383 Prepared for the CITES Secretariat by United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre December 2012 PREPARED FOR CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. This report was made possible as a result of the generous CITATION financial support by the European Commission. CITES Secretariat (2012). CITES Trade: recent trends in international trade in Appendix II‐listed species This publication may be reproduced for educational (1996‐2010). Prepared by UNEP‐WCMC, Cambridge. or non‐profit purposes without special permission, provided acknowledgement to the source is made. Reuse of any figures is subject to permission from the original rights holders. No use of this publication © Copyright: 2012, CITES Secretariat may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose without permission in writing from CITES.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Checklist of Amphibian Species Listed in the CITES
    CoP17 Doc. 81.1 Annex 5 (English only / Únicamente en inglés / Seulement en anglais) Taxonomic Checklist of Amphibian Species listed in the CITES Appendices and the Annexes of EC Regulation 338/97 Species information extracted from FROST, D. R. (2015) "Amphibian Species of the World, an online Reference" V. 6.0 (as of May 2015) Copyright © 1998-2015, Darrel Frost and TheAmericanMuseum of Natural History. All Rights Reserved. Additional comments included by the Nomenclature Specialist of the CITES Animals Committee (indicated by "NC comment") Reproduction for commercial purposes prohibited. CoP17 Doc. 81.1 Annex 5 - p. 1 Amphibian Species covered by this Checklist listed by listed by CITES EC- as well as Family Species Regulation EC 338/97 Regulation only 338/97 ANURA Aromobatidae Allobates femoralis X Aromobatidae Allobates hodli X Aromobatidae Allobates myersi X Aromobatidae Allobates zaparo X Aromobatidae Anomaloglossus rufulus X Bufonidae Altiphrynoides malcolmi X Bufonidae Altiphrynoides osgoodi X Bufonidae Amietophrynus channingi X Bufonidae Amietophrynus superciliaris X Bufonidae Atelopus zeteki X Bufonidae Incilius periglenes X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides asperginis X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides cryptus X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides frontierei X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides laevis X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides laticeps X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides minutus X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides paulae X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides poyntoni X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides tornieri X Bufonidae Nectophrynoides vestergaardi
    [Show full text]
  • High Mitochondrial Diversity Within and Among Populations of Malagasy Poison Frogs
    ARTICLE IN PRESS MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2003) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev High mitochondrial diversity within and among populations of Malagasy poison frogs Miguel Vences,a,* Ylenia Chiari,b Liliane Raharivololoniaina,c and Axel Meyerb a Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, Amsterdam 1090 GT, The Netherlands b Department of Biology (Evolutionary Biology), University of Konstanz, Constance 78457, Germany c Departement de Biologie Animale, Universite d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar Received 17 January 2003; revised 12 May 2003 Abstract The diurnal, brightly colored, and toxic frogs of the genus Mantella are among the most prominent representatives of the en- demic anuran fauna of Madagascar. Especially three closely related species, M. aurantiaca, M. crocea, and M. milotympanum, are intensively collected for the pet trade, although basic data on their natural history and genetic diversity are still lacking. Our phylogenetic analyses based on 2.8 kbp of partial 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, cytochrome b, and rhodopsin DNA sequences confirmed that these species belong to one of the five major clades in Mantella, the M. madagascariensis group. A haplotype network con- structed using 830 bp of cytochrome b in 49 individuals from seven populations revealed that M. milotympanum and M. crocea have largely similar haplotypes sharing, confirming doubts about the species validity of M. milotympanum and indicating independent evolution of bright orange pattern in M. milotympanum and M. aurantiaca. Further, clustering of four individuals of M. aurantiaca from Andranomena with M. crocea suggests incomplete lineage sorting or introgression resulting from secondary contact of refugial populations.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008 Board of Governors Report
    American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Board of Governors Meeting Le Centre Sheraton Montréal Hotel Montréal, Quebec, Canada 23 July 2008 Maureen A. Donnelly Secretary Florida International University Biological Sciences 11200 SW 8th St. - OE 167 Miami, FL 33199 [email protected] 305.348.1235 31 May 2008 The ASIH Board of Governor's is scheduled to meet on Wednesday, 23 July 2008 from 1700- 1900 h in Salon A&B in the Le Centre Sheraton, Montréal Hotel. President Mushinsky plans to move blanket acceptance of all reports included in this book. Items that a governor wishes to discuss will be exempted from the motion for blanket acceptance and will be acted upon individually. We will cover the proposed consititutional changes following discussion of reports. Please remember to bring this booklet with you to the meeting. I will bring a few extra copies to Montreal. Please contact me directly (email is best - [email protected]) with any questions you may have. Please notify me if you will not be able to attend the meeting so I can share your regrets with the Governors. I will leave for Montréal on 20 July 2008 so try to contact me before that date if possible. I will arrive late on the afternoon of 22 July 2008. The Annual Business Meeting will be held on Sunday 27 July 2005 from 1800-2000 h in Salon A&C. Please plan to attend the BOG meeting and Annual Business Meeting. I look forward to seeing you in Montréal. Sincerely, Maureen A. Donnelly ASIH Secretary 1 ASIH BOARD OF GOVERNORS 2008 Past Presidents Executive Elected Officers Committee (not on EXEC) Atz, J.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Conservation Strategy for the Golden Mantella Launched In
    workshop MFG was identified as one of the institutions for captive breeding an ‘analog’ frog species to gain more experience. Boophis tephraeomystax was selected as the species and in March 2011 5 individuals were captured in Parc Ivoloina for placement in our renovated enclosure. MFG is committed to continue working with its partners on amphibian conservation in both Betampona and Ivoloina in the future. MFG is grateful for the support of the Wildcare Institution of the Saint Louis Zoo and EAZA for their funding and support with regards to our amphibian conservation efforts. ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ¥ ¤ ¡ ¡ ¤ ¥ ¥ ¡ ¡ ¢ ¥ ¤ ¡ ¥ £ ¤ ¡ ¢ © ¤ ¡ ¤ ¡ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¥ ¤ Further details from: An Bollen, Program Manager of !" # $ " % & ' # ( ! " ) ' # !" !" * $ & " (' & + ) # , # % !" # - MFG, Madagascar ( [email protected] ). Species Conservation Strategy for the Golden Mantella Launched in Madagascar . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . 8 9 : ; < 1 ; = > 0 ? @ 4 0 4 ; 6 5 1 4 ; 4 A : B? ; 4 he golden mantella frog is a Critically Endangered species including CITES authorities, community based organizations, that is endemic to a small area in eastern Madagascar NGOs and the extraction industry, it was extremely useful T(Randrianavelona et al. 2010). It used to be traded in to generate a consensual strategy and set of actions for a five large numbers but improvements in management procedures year period. A similar approach would certainly be useful for for CITES species in Madagascar, and the availability of captive conserving some of Madagascar’s other CR amphibian species. bred individuals, has led to a decline in exports over the last The final Species Conservation Strategy was launched by the decade. The golden mantella frog breeds in ephemeral ponds in Minister of Environments and Forests in February 2011.
    [Show full text]