DOCSLIB.ORG

Literary Criticism and Politics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Literary Criticism and Politics LITERARY CRITICISM AND POLITICS: THE CASE OF ARISTOS KAMBANIS (1883-1956) by IOANNIS STAMOS A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of MASTER OF RESEARCH Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies The University of Birmingham November 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the case of the interwar Greek critic Aristos Kambanis (1883-1956), focusing on the intertwinement of literary criticism and politics. This intertwinement is apparent in Kambanis’s case, not only because his oeuvre includes both critical and political texts, but also because his political choices seem to have determined his marginalisation as a critic. The approach of this thesis is mostly historical and the chapter breakdown is based on chronological criteria. There are five chapters in the main part and each of them outlines Kambanis’s intellectual activities and output during a specific period from 1901 to 1956. Apart from providing biographical and bibliographical data concerning Kambanis, this thesis demonstrates moreover the multifacity and the significance of Kambanis’s works. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Aristos Kambanis: biography, politics and critical output .................................................................... 5 Methodology, aim, outline and contribution of the dissertation ........................................................ 12 CHAPTER 1: FORMATIVE YEARS: POLITICS & CULTURE (1901 – 1915) ......................................... 16 Intellectual activities .................................................................................................................................. 16 Political & historical context ..................................................................................................................... 20 Literary & artistic context ......................................................................................................................... 25 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER 2: THE CONSOLIDATION OF KAMBANIS’S CONSERVATISM AND THE COURSE TOWARDS HIS INTELLECTUAL ESTABLISHMENT (1916 – 1925) .................................................... 39 Intellectual activities .................................................................................................................................. 39 Ellinika Chronika .......................................................................................................................................... 41 Kalligas and Zambelios ................................................................................................................................. 51 History of Modern Greek Literature ............................................................................................................. 55 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 59 CHAPTER 3: THE YEARS OF RECOGNITION (1926 – 1936) ................................................................. 61 Intellectual activities .................................................................................................................................. 61 History of Modern Greek Criticism .............................................................................................................. 64 History of Modern Greek Literature ............................................................................................................. 72 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 74 CHAPTER 4: TO NEON KRATOS AND O EIKOSTOS EON: FROM THE ‘THIRD GREEK CIVILISATION’ TO THE ‘THIRD REICH’ (1937 – 1944) ......................................................................... 75 Intellectual activities .................................................................................................................................. 75 To Neon Kratos ............................................................................................................................................. 78 O Eikostos Aion ............................................................................................................................................ 88 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 93 CHAPTER 5: A PERIOD OF IDEOLOGICAL RECONSIDERATION: KAMBANIS'S FINAL WORKS (1945-1956).......................................................................................................................................... 94 Dimitrios Gounaris ...................................................................................................................................... 94 History of Modern Greek Literature ............................................................................................................. 98 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 99 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................................ 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................ 105 APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................................................... 129 INTRODUCTION Literary criticism is acknowledgedly an understudied area of Modern Greek Studies. However, especially during the last few decades, it has caused debates and attracted a good deal of scholarly attention culminating in the publication of collected articles and essays of interwar critics1 and the creation of an electronic archive of literary critics in the website of the National Book Centre of Greece (EKEBI).2 And whilst there are relatively a great many histories of Modern Greek literature,3 paradoxically the history of Modern Greek literary criticism has yet to be written. As a matter of fact, the first and only one who published a book entitled History of Modern Greek Criticism was the literary critic to be studied in my dissertation: Aristos Kambanis.4 Nevertheless, this book does not meet present-day needs, since it does not go beyond 1900 and it focuses on the language question, thus making the title seem like it does not reflect the content of the book.5 1 Agras 1980 & 1981 & 1984 & 1995, Politis 1983, Thrylos 2010, Theotokas 2005, Nikolareizis 2011. 2 http://critics.ekebi.gr/. 3 Kechayioglou (1980) examines 28 histories, most of which were published in the postwar era. About the histories published during the nineteenth century and the pre-WWII period, see Apostolidou 1992, part 1 (pp. 27-90) and part 4 (pp. 351-420). Beaton 1994a: 51 also mentions three more histories published during the ‘80s. Finally, the most important histories that were published since 1990 are considered to be the following: Beaton 1994b (it should, however, be stressed that Beaton defines his book as an ‘introduction’ and not as a ‘history’), Argyriou 2002a-2007b. For an overall presentation of the historiography of Modern Greek literature, see http://www.greek- language.gr/greekLang/literature/studies/grammatologies/guide.html. 4 Kambanis 1935. 5 See Tziovas 1987: 324. Cf. Dimaras 1939: 1499. ~ 1 ~ Why should the study of literary criticism be important? In the case of Greece, it has been claimed that the type of ‘purus criticus’ was not established.6 Contrariwise, it could be argued that the critics often approximated the type of a modern ‘homo universalis’, dealing (or attempting to deal) with almost all the important issues of their society, not only literature, but politics, history, language and education as well. In reality, literary criticism was not so much dealing with texts, as it was a more general reflection on cultural phenomena.7 Hence, a history of Modern Greek criticism could be seen as a form of a wider intellectual history, since Greek critics usually expanded beyond the literary phenomena. This means that the study of literary criticism could be proven valuable not only for a greater understanding of Modern Greek literature, but of Modern Greek culture as a whole or of various aspects of it separately, which are not necessarily related to literature in a direct manner. Although the interwar period and predominantly the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
    The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21.
    [Show full text]
  • The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
    Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • (1389) and the Munich Agreement (1938) As Political Myths
    Department of Political and Economic Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Helsinki The Battle Backwards A Comparative Study of the Battle of Kosovo Polje (1389) and the Munich Agreement (1938) as Political Myths Brendan Humphreys ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in hall XII, University main building, Fabianinkatu 33, on 13 December 2013, at noon. Helsinki 2013 Publications of the Department of Political and Economic Studies 12 (2013) Political History © Brendan Humphreys Cover: Riikka Hyypiä Distribution and Sales: Unigrafia Bookstore http://kirjakauppa.unigrafia.fi/ [email protected] PL 4 (Vuorikatu 3 A) 00014 Helsingin yliopisto ISSN-L 2243-3635 ISSN 2243-3635 (Print) ISSN 2243-3643 (Online) ISBN 978-952-10-9084-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-10-9085-1 (PDF) Unigrafia, Helsinki 2013 We continue the battle We continue it backwards Vasko Popa, Worriors of the Field of the Blackbird A whole volume could well be written on the myths of modern man, on the mythologies camouflaged in the plays that he enjoys, in the books that he reads. The cinema, that “dream factory” takes over and employs countless mythical motifs – the fight between hero and monster, initiatory combats and ordeals, paradigmatic figures and images (the maiden, the hero, the paradisiacal landscape, hell and do on). Even reading includes a mythological function, only because it replaces the recitation of myths in archaic societies and the oral literature that still lives in the rural communities of Europe, but particularly because, through reading, the modern man succeeds in obtaining an ‘escape from time’ comparable to the ‘emergence from time’ effected by myths.
    [Show full text]
  • The Serbian Boys at George Heriot's
    The Serbian Boys at George Heriot's The following extract is from George Heriot’s School Roll of Honour 1914‐1919, published in 1921. THE SERBIANS It is peculiarly appropriate that some mention should be made in the Heriot War Memorial Volume of the appearance of Serbian boys at George Heriot's School. Shortly after the commencement of Session 1916‐17, twenty‐five young Serbs, their ages ranging from 12 to 17 years, were admitted by the Governors to all the educational privileges of the ancient Foundation, and the last of them did not quit the School till the close of Session 1918‐19. It was the attempt of the Central Powers to crush little Serbia that originated the Great World War, and the boys who came to Heriot’s to be educated were part of the 300 refugees who arrived in Britain after they had traversed the wilds of Albania and been rescued by the friendly hands of French and British. During their stay at School they acquitted themselves very creditably in their studies. Seven of their number passed the University Preliminary Examinations and four are now Engineering students of Edinburgh University. The others have returned to Serbia to continue their studies at Belgrade University. Besides these there were four boys who passed part of the Preliminary Examination before returning home. The Serbs took an active part in the Athletics of the School, chiefly Football, and a number were members of the Heriot Troop of Boy Scouts and of the O.T.C. As the Headmaster on one occasion pointed out, the advent of the Serbian boys was not 1 altogether a one‐sided arrangement, for it had conferred many advantages on the School in respect of the feeling of camaraderie they had inspired amongst the other boys.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Greek Economic and Military Mobilization of the 1909-1923 Period.1
    Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 20, ISSUE 1 Studies The Economic forces of victory versus those of defeat: An analysis of the Greek Economic and Military Mobilization of the 1 1909-1923 period. Dr. Ioannis-Dionysios Salavrakos (*) Introduction. The intellectual aspiration of the paper is to highlight the economic forces, which played an immense role in the wars in which Greece participated during the 1909-1923 period. These were four major conflicts: The two Balkan wars of 1912-1913 against the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; the First World War (1914-1918) and the Greek-Turkish war of 1919-1922. The tragic period started with Greek victories and ended with the greatest defeat of the modern Greek state. Although these conflicts were different, there is a clear nexus between them. In the Greek as well as the international bibliography, the majority of studies highlight the strategic, tactical, operational, diplomatic, psychological dimensions of the conflicts of the period, as well as, the personal motives of political and military leaders. Under this intellectual framework, the economic forces of the conflict are marginalized by most academics. The final conflict of the period is primarily known as the ‘Campaign of Asia-Minor’ in the Greek bibliography, whereas in the Turkish bibliography it is considered as ‘the Great Patriotic War.’ Thus in this article we aim to demonstrate that the conflicts of the period are connected and also that the Greek defeat 1 This article is dedicated to the memory of my beloved grandmother Stavroula Poulea Koutsikou (1921- 2019) who passed away. She had lived the Second World War and had told me many stories from that era.
    [Show full text]
  • The Commandant's Introduction
    The Commandants Introduction By Michael H. Clemmesen his issue of the Baltic Defence Re- It seems now to have been generally members seem to have realised this fact. view marks a change in the editorial recognized that the Alliance has to be To succeed, the transformation must line that is symbolised by the changed reformed thoroughly to remain relevant take the alliance forward and change it cover. The adjustment is not only caused to the leading member state. The U.S.A., from being a reactive self-defensive alli- by the fact that the three Baltic states have involved as she is in the drawn-out War ance. The outlined new NATO is a po- succeeded in being invited to NATO as Against Terror that was forced upon her litically much more demanding, divisive, well as to the EU and now have to adapt by the 11 September 2001 attacks, is not and risky framework for military co-op- to the new situation. It is also based on impressed by the contribution from most eration. Its missions will include opera- the realisation that the two organisations of the European allies. Only a small tions of coercion like the one against will change their character when the inte- progress has been made in the Yugoslavia with regard to Kosovo as well gration of the new members takes place. enhancement of the force structures of as pre-emptive Out-of-NATO area crisis The implementation of the new editorial the European members since the 1999 response operations military activism line will only come gradually.
    [Show full text]
  • Illusions of Glory—The Great War on the Eastern Front ADVANCED RULES and PLAY BOOK (Rev
    Illusions of Glory—The Great War on the Eastern Front ADVANCED RULES AND PLAY BOOK (Rev. 2/18/2016) (Designer: Perry R. Silverman; Developer: Fred Schachter; Assistant Designer & Developer: Aaron H. Silverman) 18.0 Regions 29.0 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 18.1 Movement and Regions 30.0 More Than Two Players 18.2 Control of Regions 30.1 Two AP Players 18.3 Combat and Regions 30.2 Two CP Players 18.4 Regions and Terrain 31.0 Introductory Game 18.5 Regions and Retreat 31.1 The 1914 Invasion of Serbia 18.6 Regions and Advance After Combat 32.0 Shorter Game Scenarios 18.7 Regions and Supply 32.1 From Mobilization to Limited War 19.0 Trenches 32.2 The Brusilov Offensive and Beyond 19.1 Building Trenches 33.0 Strategy Guide 19.2 Trench Construction Die Rolls 33.1 Allied Powers Strategy 19.3 Trench Levels 33.2 Central Powers Strategy 19.4 Removing Trench Markers 34.0 Strategy Card Histories and Notes 19.5 Trench Effects on Combat 34.1 Allied Powers Cards 20.0 Forts 34.2 Central Powers Cards 20.1 General Rules 35.0 Acknowledgments 20.2 Destroying a Fort 36.0 Bibliography 20.3 Besieging a Fort 20.4 Surrender of Besieged Forts 20.5 Forts and Supply 21.0 Flank Attacks 21.1 Restrictions on Flank Attacks 21.2 Forts and Flank Attacks 21.3 Pinning Spaces and Flank Attack DRMs 21.4 Resolving Flank Attacks 22.0 Assembling Units 22.1 Only LCUs Can Be Assembled 22.2 Composition of Assembled LCUs 22.3 How to Assemble LCUs 23.0 Rebellions and Revolution 23.1 Mechanics of Rebellion 23.2 Tracking National Will 23.3 Uprising Units 23.4 Russian Revolution 23.5 Collapse
    [Show full text]
  • The First World War and the Refugee Crisis
    The First World War is at the core of most na- The First tional historiographical narratives, including those of many European countries, the US, World War and Australia and New Zealand. Its centenary has proven that it is a global event.1 Nevertheless, the refugee crisis: is the same event commemorated on the spec- trum of the respective national narratives? A historiography close examination of different national narra- tives that have developed around the Great War and memory in the suggests that it may be more accurate to speak of a range of “great wars” that were fought in Greek context the 1910s rather than of a single, homogenous event that was understood, received and, most importantly, remembered in the same way by all the groups involved. In Greece, one of the major consequences of the First World War was the Greek-Turkish War of 1919–1922, the disaster in Asia Minor and the ensuing refugee crisis. It is a memory that has overshadowed the memory of the Great War, serving as a lens through which both the events that preceded and proceeded the military defeat of 1922 were interpreted. The evacuation of the Greek population of Asia Minor in 1922 is one of Emilia Salvanou the main lieux de memoire in the Greek national Hellenic Open University narrative. Asia Minor refugees are perceived as the archetypical victims of a supposed pri- mordial Greek-Turkish enmity – a concept deeply woven into the founding myths of the Greek nation – that culminated after Greece’s defeat in Anatolia. The way they are constructed histo- riographically does not differ very much: they are contextualised within the framework of Greece’s campaign in Asia Minor in 1919, the ensuing Greek-Turkish War and Greece’s mili- tary defeat.
    [Show full text]
  • The First World War
    The First World War (Outline) Many different opinions on some questions (for example): - Why did it start? - Why couldn’t they stop it? - Who was to blame? - Why did the pre-war plans all fail? - How important was the American contribution? - Were the generals (generally) dumb? - Was the German Army actually defeated? - Could the war have been continued after Nov. 1918? - Should the Allies have pressed on into Germany? Part 1: The War Begins, 1914 (The Tinderbox Explodes) I. Set up and causes 1. FEAR!!! 2. Ism’s a. Nationalism (Jingoism) b. Imperialism (Colonialism) c. Militarism (War Plans: Schlieffen Plan, Plan XVII, etc:) d. Pan-Slavism and Pan-Germanism 3. Other general factors a. Arms race (specifically the Naval Arms Race) b. Population pressure in Germany (Lebensraum) II. Individual Countries and where they stood 1. Italy (to be treated as a great power) 2. Turkey (Regain N. Africa, Balkans, and long-standing enemy of Russia) 3. Austria-Hungary (To survive as an empire and fear of Russia) 4. Germany (To hold a “place in the sun” + fear of two front war) 5. Russia (Pan-Slavism, Lebensraum, and to regain lost prestige) 6. France (Regain Alsace & Lorraine + fear of Germany) 7. England (Maintain her empire, supremacy of the RN & integrity of international rule of law; channel ports) III. The spark initiates an inferno (“some damn foolish thing in the Balkans”) 1. Assassination of the Arch-Duke (ho-hum) 2. Austria decides to punish Serbia 3. Gets a “BLANK CHECK” from Germany 4. Austria issues ultimatum and mobilizes 5. Willie/Nicky telegrams 6.
    [Show full text]
  • 06. K. Giakoumis C/C. Maquetaciûn 1
    ERYTHEIA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS BIZANTINOS Y NEOGRIEGOS 37 - 2016 SEPARATA ÍNDICE P. Y ANNOPOULOS, Jean, disciple de Grégoire le Décapolite . 9 S. KYRIAKIDIS, The battle exhortation in Byzantine historiography (10th-12th centuries) . 19 D. KRAUSMÜLLER, Aristotle in Cappadocian Garb: the Trinitarian Speculation of Nicetas Stethatos and Leo of Calchedon . 37 V. G ERHOLD, Empereur, Église et aristocratie laïque : les enjeux politiques dans la consolidation dynastique des Comnènes . 55 J. M. FLORISTÁN, Sociedad, economía y religión en las comunidades griega y albanesa de Nápoles y Sicilia: nuevos documentos inéditos . 127 K. GIAKOUMIS, Self-identifications by Himarriots, 16th to 19th Centuries . 205 M. CURNIS, La Politica di Aristotele tra Michele Efesio e Demetrio Petrizzopulo . 247 E. AYENSA, Una canción popular griega traducida al español por Juan Valera . 301 H. GONZÁLEZ-VAQUERIZO, Geranos: danza y muerte en la Odisea de Nikos Kazantzakis . 319 Μ. Γ. ΒΑΡΒΟΥΝΗΣ, Η «Επιτροπή Ποντιακών Μελετών» και οι τοπικές σπουδές στην Ελλάδα . 341 Recibido: 03.04.2016 Aceptado: 25.04.2016 Self-identifications by Himarriots, 16th to 19th Centuries Konstantinos GIAKOUMIS* University of New York Tirana [email protected] ABSTRACT: In this study I utilize 16th century to 19th century sources written by inhabitants of the wider Himarra region, in which traces of self- identification (territoriality, position, in-group, out-group, enemies, language and common history) could be found and contextualize them with relevant ethnocultural and geographical accounts. Findings are examined through the intergroup communication perspective and relational models of group identification and are interpreted in the wider western Balkan context of the archdiocese of Ohrid. The analysis of sources demonstrates the volatility and pragmatic shifts and adaptations of the anyhow multi- faceted local and regional identity of the fiercely idiosyncratic region of Himarra, as manifested in diverse communication frames.
    [Show full text]
  • To Register Online Click Here
    To register online click here HELLENIC COMMITTEE OF THE BLUE SHIELD A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE BLUE SHIELD AND THE HELLENIC COMMITTEE OF THE BLUE SHIELD Ever since the beginning of the last century, many countries in their effort to codify the law of war and identify war crimes against humanity decided to meet and discuss these issues at two international conferences in the Hague in 1899 and 1907. The second and most important conference culminated all these efforts in the text of the Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, adopted in 1954. One of the many actions that ensued from the Hague Convention is the symbol of the Blue Shield, established as an emblem for the protection of historic sites in the event of war operations, being the cultural equivalent of the Red Cross. The International Stewardship Committee (ICBS) was established in 1996 on the initiative of five non-governmental international organizations: The International Council of Museums (ICOM), the International Federation of Associations and Institutions of Libraries (IFLA), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the Coordinating Council of Audiovisual Archives (CCAAA). The aim of this label is to protect a site in case of an attack during armed conflict. The need for the dissemination and the establishment of this symbolic protection signage has led to the creation of a global network, in which organizations supporting museums, libraries, archives, monuments and sites are involved at a national level. This network is supervised by the Association of National Committees of the Blue Shield (ANCBS), established in 2008 and based in The Hague.
    [Show full text]
  • HS 100 Lecture 23
    You win some, you lose a lot Greece in the first half of the Tw e n t i e t h C e n t u r y General Questions about early 20th Century Greece How did the territorial expansion of Greece affect the nature of the state? How did the Greek state conceive of nationalism after the First World War? What was the National Schism? How did it define Greek politics? Greece Successful at War? 1909: Goudi Coup 1910: Venizelos solidified in local politics 1912-13: First Balkan War 1913: Second Balkan War 1914: First World War 1915: Entente Arrival at Thessaloniki 1917: National Schism 1920: Treaty of Sevres 1923: Treaty of Lausanne and Population Exchange 1923-35: Political Instability 1936: Metaxas Goudi Military Coup Military Disillusionment Can we just win one war? Economic mismanagement 1908 Young Turks Initial Intransigence by George I November 1910 Elections 300/362 Seats to Venizelos and the Liberals First Balkan War The Balkan States cooperate Greece’s role in the conflict Just the navy? Problem: Greece and Bulgaria didn’t agree to territorial disposition Treaty of London (1913) King Constantine accepts surrender of Tu r k i s h A r m y i n Thessalonike 26/10/12 Even the diaspora is engaged… … and some monks Second Balkan War Bulgaria felt slighted, and attacked Greece and Serbia Romania and Ottoman Empire look to make gains Treaty of Bucharest (1913) Legacies of the Balkan Wars Territorial growth Problem – a heterogeneous population Nationalizing Policies During the war: Ethnic Cleansing After the war: Carrot and Stick Captured Ottoman Artillery
    [Show full text]