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Relocation Guidebook.Indd Relocation: Getting Organized and Getting Out (Go Go) Center for Health, Environment & Justice P.O. Box 6806, Falls Church, VA 22040-6806 703-237-2249 [email protected] www.chej.org Relocation: Getting Organized & Getting Out (Go Go) Center for Health, Environment & Justice Revised January 2013 Copyright 2009; 2013 by Center for Health, Environment & Justice. All rights reserved. For Permission to reprint, please contact CHEJ. Printed in the U.S.A. P.O. Box 6806 Falls Church, VA 22040-6806 703-237-2249 [email protected] www.chej.org Center for Health, Environment & Justice P.O. Box 6806 Falls Church, VA 22040 Phone: 703.237.2249 Fax: 703.237.8389 www.chej.org Empowering People Preventing Harm About the Center for Health, Environment & Justice CHEJ mentors the movement to build healthier communities by empowering people to prevent the harm caused by chemical and toxic threats. We accomplish our work by connecting local community groups to national initiatives and corporate campaigns. CHEJ works with communities to empower groups by providing the tools, strategic vision, and encouragement they need to advocate for human health and the prevention of harm. Following her successful eff ort to prevent further harm for families living in contaminated Love Canal, Lois Gibbs founded CHEJ in 1981 to continue the journey. To date, CHEJ has assisted over 10,000 groups nationwide. Details on CHEJ’s eff orts to help families and communities prevent harm can be found on www.chej.org. Table of Contents pg. 1 Chapter 1 - Poisoned Neighborhoods pg. 2 Chapter 2 - Community Profi les pg. 16 Chapter 3 - Community Organizing pg. 18 Step One: Identify Who Lives And Works In The Community pg. 20 Step Two: Identify The Problem pg. 22 Step Three: Building People Power pg. 25 Step Four: Hold A Community Meeting pg. 26 Step Five: Set Goals pg. 27 Step Six: Set Up The Organization pg. 28 Step Seven: Focus On Getting The Community Relocated pg. 31 Step Eight: Identify Your Targets pg. 36 Chapter 4 - Conclusions pg. 37 Appendix - Sample Questionnaire For Evaluating Relocation Needs Center for Health, Environment & Justice | Mentoring a Movement, Empowering People, Preventing Harm P.O. Box 6806 | Falls Church, VA 22040 | Phone: 703.237.2249 | Fax: 703.237.8389 | www.chej.org Chapter 1 Poisoned Communities Contamination Found in Communities Nationwide Many communities across the United States have of problems. Relocations have been paid for by the been relocated in whole or in part. Times Beach, federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Missouri and Love Canal, a neighborhood in local county governments, cities and states, the Niagara Falls, New York, were relocated because Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), of hazardous waste pollution. Other communities the Department of the Interior, and the companies such as Savannah Place in Augusta, Georgia were responsible for the pollution. relocated because of contamination from a solid waste Although relocations have occur ed, obtaining dump site. Communities have even been relocated r relocation benefi ts is still anything but easy. Winning because of mining wastes and mine fi res. In Centralia, the evacuation of a community is a long, hard fi ght. Pennsylvania, for example, an underground coal mine It requires a great deal of planning and careful fi re burned for over twenty years before residents organizing to make it happen and to ensure you get were given the option to move. Homes in Globe, what your community really needs. Arizona and Libby, Montana were contaminated by asbestos as a result of mining, and residents of Tar Th e purpose of this guidebook is to show you how Creek, Oklahoma were exposed to heavy metals such to win relocation for your community. It is intended as lead from mining wastes. to help community groups think through what they want. It helps leaders learn from other communities History has shown us that it is possible to be relocated what obstacles they faced in their eff orts and off ers if you have the need and your community is willing suggestions to overcome these obstacles. We hope to fi ght for it. Funding to make these relocations a that through this guidebook you can learn from reality comes from as many sources as there are types others—making your own struggle a litt le easier. www.chej.org 1 [email protected] Chapter 2 Community Profi les Communities Evacuated Because of Contamination Many communities have been relocated because Th is history of events reveals that anything is possible of environmental threats to the people who live if people are willing to fi ght for what they want. ereTh there. Some homes became structurally unsound is no one agency, level of government, or set of rules while others became poisonous vaults. Th e types of that dictates the direction of relocation. Th e door to environmental problems that have caused relocations benefi ts and what you can receive is wide open. It is vary. Communities have been relocated as a result of up to your community to decide what you want and solid and hazardous waste disposal, mining waste, an how hard you will fi ght to get it. underground mine fi re, application of waste oils on Th e following case studies provide a brief profi le of dirt roads, military dumps, industrial plant discharges some of the relocations that have happened in the and a quest for expansion of an existing solid waste U.S. In many of the examples we don’t have all of the landfi ll. information because of lawsuit secrecy or the lack of Th e method of relocation and type of compensation research time and money. However, the purpose of also vary from place to place. Some communities this chapter is not to give you extensive details, but received money for their homes, while others were rather to show you a range of relocated communities, provided with new homes. In most communities, it the benefi ts they received, and how they won those was a long, hard struggle to fi nally win relocation. In benefi ts. If you would like further information on one situation it was total chaos, as the residents were any of these cases, you can contact CHEJ and where given only a few hours to gather their possessions possible, we will be happy to provide you with our and fl ee. Relocations have been paid for by almost local contacts who have had fi rsthand experience at every form of government, including federal, state, these sites. county and city levels. In several cases, the company responsible for the pollution paid the relocation costs. www.chej.org 2 [email protected] CHAPTER 2 Community Profi les Communities Relocated By State/ neighborhood, located on a peninsula that was once Local Government mostly residential, consisted of African-American and white families who were largely elderly or on fi xed incomes. Th e community had become so depopulated because of industrialization that the city provided few services by the 1990s, and local Love Canal, Niagara Falls, New York government instead created a plan to att ract industry. 300 families had already been moved in 1989 aft er a In the 1940s and 1950s, Hooker Chemical and public housing complex was closed due to concern Plastics Corporation dumped hazardous waste into an about chemical releases and residents’ exposure; the old waterway called Love Canal and covered it with 280 remaining residents all lived within 1500 feet dirt. Th e community of Love Canal was then built of at least one of the 50 polluting facilities on the next to the dumpsite. To the west of the canal was peninsula. Chemical plants and petroleum storage low-income rental housing and to the north and east tanks surrounded the residential area. were homeowners, two churches and a drug store. To top it off , there was an elementary school built on the Th e Fairfi eld and Wagner’s Point Neighborhood edge of the covered canal. Th e entire community was Coalition became increasingly active in the late 1990s plagued with illnesses, particularly the children and and began pushing for a buyout of their homes aft er women, as a result of the wastes that leaked out of the the death of their community association president, dump and into the surrounding community. a local leader. Furthering their concerns that the area was unsafe, there was a serious explosion and Th e evacuation of Love Canal came in three waves. fi re at Condea Vista’s chemical plant in 1998. Many Th e fi rst occurred in August 1978, which coincided residents had stories of cancer that they linked to with the reelection campaign of Governor Hugh the local pollution, and the area was in the top 10 for Carey. Th e state agreed to purchase the homes of chemical accident risk nationwide. the 239 families that immediately surrounded the canal. Th e second action, in February 1979, was a Th e debate here was not over whether to relocate partial evacuation of pregnant women and children the residents - the city wanted to exercise eminent under two years of age throughout the remaining domain to expand a sewage treatment plant where the community. On October 1, 1980 President Jimmy homes stood. However, deciding on a fair price for Carter appropriated the funds for a full relocation. the homes was diffi cult at best. Th e city’s defi nition Altogether, over 900 families were relocated. Renters of fair market value did not mesh with what residents received moving costs, utility hookups, rent and needed to fi nd similar homes in a safe neighborhood, deposit diff erentials, appliances when necessary, and largely because their real estate values had dropped transportation costs to fi nd new housing.
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