INDEX

14th Amendment, 104 American Colonization 15th Amendment, 104 Society, 61, 90 “American dilemma”,54 Adams, John, 54À57, 155 The American Dilemma: Adams, John Quincy, The Negro Problem 65À67 and Modern Affordable Care Act, 163 Democracy (Myrdal), African Americans, 4, 42, 138 43, 61, 79, 82 American government Al Smith and, 133À137 forming, 50À52 FDR and, 133À137 Jim Crow segregation in, Ku Klux Klan and, 124 13, 98 American imperialism, Military Reconstruction 113À115 Acts and, 94 American Nations negative views of, 5 American Revolution Northern industries and, and, 47À50 126 and the politics of race, party realignment and, 6 15À23 regional conflict over American Nations: A rights for, 4 History of the Eleven Union armed services Rival Regional and, 92 Cultures of North white majority hostility America (Woodard), toward, 43 16 African slaves, 19, 58 American Party, 75, 79, Agnew, Spiro, 152 80À81 Alien Act, 55 See also Know Nothings

183 184 Index

American Revolution, 16, Bryan, William Jennings, 21 10 American Nations in, Bourbon Democrats and, 47À50 111 Army of Northern Chicago convention and, Virginia, 93 111 Arthur, Chester A., 104, economic policies of, 112 106 populism and, 110À113 Asian Americans, 43 presidential election of 1896 and, 113 Barkley, Alben, 139 Buchanan, James, 80À82, Bates, Edward, 87 86, 101, 106 Battle of Gettysburg, 105 Buckley, William F., 145 Battle of New Orleans, 59, Burleson, Albert, 123À124 60, 72 Burns, James MacGregor, Battle of Trenton, 61 27 Bell, John, 8, 87À89 Burr, Aaron, 57 Benton, Thomas Hart, 81 Bush, George H.W., Black Lives Matter, 39 154À158, 160, 164, Blaine, James G., 106 170 “Bleeding Kansas”,80 Bush, George W., 1, 165, Bolshevism, 127À128 166, 168, 170 See also Communism elections of, 160À164 Born Fighting (Webb), 22 Bush, Jeb, 166 “Boston Massacre”,48 Byrd, Harry, 143 Boston Police strike, 128 Boston Tea Party, 48 Calhoun, John C., 44, Bourbon Democrats, 103, 65À66 111 Campaign to Re-elect the Bovay, Alvan, 78 President (CREEP), Brando, Marlon, 33 151 Breckinridge, John C., 7, capitalism, 103, 108 86 Caro, Robert, 123 British Civil Wars, 18 Carter, Jimmy, 151À156 Brotherhood of Sleeping Iran hostage crisis and, Car Porters, 137 154 Brown vs Board of racial divisions and, 153 Education, 141 Southern identity, 154 Index 185

victory in 1976, 154, election of 1884 and, 10, 156À157, 161, 164 106, 107 Cass, Lewis, 72, 78, 83 Clinton, Bill, 156À160 Castro, Fidel, 143 impeachment of, 159 centrality of esteem needs, West Coast and, 31À33 164À166 century of alignment Clinton, Hillary, 162, 164, transition, 6À9 166À167, 169À171 Cernak, Anton, 132 Cold War, 48, 138, 140, charismatic leaders, 32À33 143, 148 Charles I, King of England, Communism, 127, 144, 18 148 Chase, Salmon, 87 See also Bolshevism The Chicago Defender, Compromise of 1820, 63, 132 66, 77 Chinese Exclusion Act, See also Missouri 106 Compromise Church of England, 18 Compromise of 1850, 73, civil rights, 14À15 77, 83 Goldwater and, 14À15 Compromise of 1877, 101, presidential commission 104 on, 139 Connally, John, 152 Truman’s support for, 14, Constitutional Convention, 137À140 52, 57 Civil Rights Act of 1866, Constitutional Union 94 Party, 87 Civil Rights Act of 1964, Continental Army, 49, 145À146, 153, 170 52À53 Civil War, 1À2, 4, 6À7, 9, Continental Congress, 48 12, 14, 44, 47, 55, Coolidge, Calvin, 11, 128 95À97, 100À101, Cox, James M., 12, 103, 109, 112, 117, 128 136, 162 Crawford, William, 65 Clay, Henry, 61, 63, The Crisis, 122 65À70, 73, 86, 118 Cromwell, Oliver, 18 Cleveland, Grover Crump, E.H. “Boss”, 132 collapse of leadership of, Cruz, Ted, 166 111 culture of honor, 43À46 186 Index

Davis, Jefferson, 78 early American republic Davis, John W., 12À13, (1789-1861), 52À56 134 “the eight ages of man” Debs, Eugene V., 123 theory, 40À41 Declaration of Eisenhower, Dwight D., 5, Independence, 49, 50, 14, 105 79, 84 elections of, 140À145 Deep South struggle with Communist Democratic Party and, North Viet Nam and, 145À149 146 voting for Republican, election of 1860, 85À89 14À15 election of 1876 Democratic Leadership and end of Council (DLC), 157 Reconstruction, Democratic Party, 1, 66 101À102 African Americans and, slave states and, 12 133À137 Emancipation Northern States and, Proclamation, 62, 92 133À137 Embargo Act of 1807, 59 popular vote and, Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 164À166 70À71 slave states abandoning, “The Era of Good 12À14 Feelings”, 60, 63, 68 white Deep South bidding Erikson, Erik, 35À36, farewell to, 145À149 40À41 dependence, of self- esteem needs concept, 34À36 belongingness and, 30 DePriest, Oscar, 137 centrality of, 31À33 Dewey, Thomas E., 7, 11, leaders and, 33 139 physiological needs and, Dixiecrats, 146 30 Truman and, 137À140 safety needs and, 30 Douglas, Stephen A., 9, 73, exclusive identity stories, 77, 83À84 38À43 DuBois, W.E.B., 116, 122 Dukakis, Michael, Fair Employment Practices 155À157, 161, Committee (FEPC), 164À165 138 Index 187

Federal Elections Bill, 108 gold See also Force Bill Grant and, 99À101 Federalist Party, 58, 60 Republican Party, Federalists 106À110 decline of, 57À64 Gold Rush, 22 Jeffersonian opposition Goldwater, Barry, 14À15, to, 56 143, 145À149, 152, Federal Reserve System, 165, 173 123 Gore, Al, 1, 159 Fillmore, Millard, 73, 81 Grand Old Party (GOP), first Gulf war, 157 4À5 Force Bill, 108 post-Civil War, 95À99 See also Federal Elections South and, 140À145 Bill Grant, Ulysses S., 9, 93 Ford, Gerald, 152À153, DePriest and, 137 157, 165 gold and, 99À101 Franklin, Benjamin, 54 Lincoln and, 95À99 Freedmen’s Bureau, 94 re-election in 1872, 9 Freedom Riders, 143 The Great Commoner. See Free Soil party, 72, 75, Bryan, William 80À81 Jennings free states, 1, 7À8 Great Depression, 13 “Lower North”,15 Greater Appalachia, 16, Republicans and, 9À12 21À22, 46, 49À50, “Upper North”,15 161, 165, 171 Frémont, John C., 81, 84 Great Migration, 126 French and Indian War, 48 and urban black voters in French Revolution, 53 the North, 131À133 Fugitive Slave Act, 73 World War I and, 131 Fugitive Slave Law, 74 Great Recession, 162 Great Society programs, Gardner, Howard, 3, 26, 155 38À39, 153 “the Great War”, 124 Garfield, James, 104 Greeley, Horace, 79, 85, Garner, John N., 135, 137 91, 99, 112, 172 Garvey, Marcus, 132 greenbacks, and Gilded Age, 102, 106, 109 Republican Party, Republican Party, 89À93 106À110 188 Index

Haidt, Jonathan, 41 Inflation Bill, 100 Hamilton, Alexander, 53, 56 Iran-Contra scandal, 155 Hammond, James, 85 Hancock, Winfield, 104, Jackson, Andrew, 21, 112 64À68 Harding, Warren G., British army invasion 11À12, 127À128 and, 21, 59À60 Harris, Joel Chandler, 121 political leadership of, Harris, Julian, 121 67À68 Harrison, Benjamin, Van Buren and, 155 107À109 James, William, 34À36 Harrison, William Henry, Jefferson, Thomas, 17, 41, 67À69, 107 49, 53, 54, 63 Hartford Convention, 59 Jefferson Republican Party, Harvard University, 40 65 Hayes, Rutherford B., 12, Jesus of Nazareth, 40 101, 103 Jim Crow, 4 Heifetz, Ronald, 28 Johnson, Andrew, and Hoar, George F., 108 Presidential Hobart, Garret, 115 Reconstruction, Hogg, Michael, 37À38 93À95 Hoover, Herbert, 11, 13, Johnson, Lyndon B., 5, 128, 134À136, 141, 14À15, 142, 144, 166 146À148, 155, 165 Hudson, Henry, 18 Hughes, Charles Evans, 7, Kansas-Nebraska Act, 7, 11, 124 75, 77À82 Humphrey, Hubert, 142, Kasich, John, 166 147À149, 164À165 Kelly, Edward J., 132 Hussein, Saddam, 161 Kennedy, Edward (Ted), 154 identity stories Kennedy, John F., 7, 25, exclusive, 38À43 37, 43 inclusive, 38À43 assassination of, 15 inclusive identity stories, civil rights legislation 38À43 and, 144 independence, of elections of, 140À145 self-concept, 34À36 Kerry, John, 161 Index 189

King, Martin Luther, Jr., Manifest Destiny, 71 144 Marshall, George, 39À40, King, Rufus, 60 42 Know Nothings, 75, Marshall Plan, 40 79À80 Marx, Karl, 96 See also American Party Maslow, Abraham, 29 Korean War, 140 Maslow’s hierarchy of Ku Klux Klan, 13, 98, 133 needs, 29À30 McAdoo, William, 133 LaFollette, Robert M., 134 McCain, John, 1, leaders 161À163 social comparison and, McClellan, George B., 9, 36À38 93 social identity and, McGovern, George, 149 36À38 McKinley, William, 10, Leading Minds (Gardner), 112 39 McPherson, James, 64 League of Nations, 127 Mexican War, 71, 74, 83 Lee, Robert E., 93 Mexico, 70À75 Lenin, Vladimir, 127 Military Reconstruction Lewinsky, Monica, 159 Acts, 94À95 Lincoln, Abraham, 1, 5, Missouri Compromise of 25, 42, 51, 79 1820, 63, 64, 66, colonization and, 62 77À78 emancipation See also Compromise of proclamation and, 1820 91À92 Mondale, Walter, 155 free states, 7À9 Monroe, James, 17, 58, rise of, 82À85 60À63, 65, 95 Lodge, Henry Cabot, 108 “moral elevation”,41 Louisiana Purchase, 59, Myrdal, Gunnar, 138 63, 68 Louis XVI of France, 53 National Association for the Advancement of Madison, James, 17, 54 Colored People “Make America Great (NAACP), 122 Again,” (MAGA), 26, National Republican Party, 39, 171 66 190 Index

National Review, 145 Pierce, Franklin, 74, 77, 80 National Union Party, 94 political parties Native Americans, 21, 43, emergence of, 56À57 67 parity, 104À106 needs politics of race, and esteem, 30, 31À33 American nations, physiological, 29À30 15À23 safety, 29À30, 142 Polk, James K., 69 New Deal programs, 137, Pope John XXIII, 39À40, 155 42 The New York Times, 114 popular vote New York Tribune, 79, 99, inclusive future, 170À171 112 mismatch future, Nixon, Richard M., 7, 14, 168À170 141À143, 147À149, Trump and, 166À168 151À159 populism, 110À113 Northern Democrats, 72, Presidential 78, 86, 91À92, 144 Reconstruction, Northern States 93À95 Al Smith and, 133À137 Progressive Party, 121 FDR and, 133À137 Puritans, 18 Nothing Party, 79 Racism in the Nation’s Obama, Barack, 1 Service (Yellin), 123 elections of, 160À164 Randolph, A. Philip, 137 West Coast and, Reagan, Ronald, 147 164À166 Ford and, 152À153 Obamacare. See Affordable Iran-Contra scandal and, Care Act 155 On The Waterfront,33 reconstructive regime of, Operation Desert Storm, 151À156 157 “trickle down” approach of, 157À158 Parker, Alton B., 118 realignment of American Penn, William, 20 politics Pennsylvania Quakers, 54 American nations and Perot, Ross, 158 the politics of race, Phillips, Kevin, 149 15À23 Index 191

century of alignment Roosevelt, Theodore and transition, 6À9 progressive, 116À120 civil rights, 14À15 rule in roaring twenties deep South votes and evolving dynamics Republican, 14À15 of realignment, free states becoming less 126À129 Republican, 9À12 Theodore Roosevelt and Goldwater, Barry, 14À15 progressive, 116À120 orienting framework, war, Reconstruction, and 3À6 Gilded Age, 89À93 Republican rule in William Jennings Bryan roaring twenties and and populism, evolving dynamics of, 110À113 126À129 Wilson experiment and slave states abandoning “racism in the nation’s Democrats, 12À14 service”, 121À126 realistic conflict theory, 43 Republicans Reconstruction, 4, 7 divide, 64À68 election of 1876 and the election of 1860, 85À89 end of, 101À102 Revolutionary War, 4, 54, Republican Party, 89À93 60 Red Scare, 127 Richardson, Heather Cox, Republican Party, 1, 65 116 American imperialism, “Robbers Cave” 113À115 experiment, 29 birth of, 77À82 Rockefeller, Nelson, 142 Deep South votes, 14À15 Roman Catholic Church, 40 from equality to Romney, Mitt, 163 inequality, 95À99 Roosevelt, Eleanor, free states becoming less, 137À138 9À12 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 25, generation of political 42, 74 party parity, 104À106 African Americans and, gold, silver, and 133À137 greenbacks, 106À110 death of, 138 Grant and gold, 99À101 Fair Employment quarter century regime, Practices Committee 57À64 (FEPC), 138 192 Index

Northern States and, Alien and Sedition Acts 133À137 and, 55 Roosevelt, Sarah Delano, Lincoln on, 6À7 135 Northern and Southern Roosevelt, Theodore, 5 differences regarding, 4 progressive economic Northerners and, 44 policies and, 118 Pennsylvania and, 21 Progressive Party and, Revolutionary War and, 121 54 and progressive Second Great Awakening Republican Party, and, 64 116À120 Tidewater region, Rough Riders and, 115 17À19 Rubio, Marco, 166 slave states, abandoning Russian Revolution, 127 Democrats, 12À14 slave trade, 17, 19, 51, 54, Scott, Dred, 82, 86 58 Scott, Winfield, 72, 74 Smith, Al, 11 Second Great Awakening, African Americans and, 64 133À137 Second Gulf War, 161 Northern States and, Sedition Act, 55 133À137 self-categorization theory, social comparison 37À38 leaders and, 36À38 self-concept social conflict, 43À46 dependence of, 34À36 social identity, 3 independence of, 34À36 culture of honor and, September 11, 2001 43À46 terrorist attacks, 161 dynamics, 43 Seward, William, 87 leaders and, 36À38 Seymour, Horatio, 9À10, racial dynamics and, 2 112 social comparisons and, Sherif, Muzafer, 29 36À38 silver, and Republican theory, 37 Party, 106À110 social psychology, 3 Sirica, John, 151 Southern Democrats, 67, Skowronek, Stephen, 155 77, 86, 101, 108, 123, slavery, 17, 55 137, 139 Index 193

Spanish American War, 25th Amendment, 152 47, 113À114 Tyler, John, 69 Sparkman, John, 141 Stevenson, Adlai, 14, 141 Uncle Remus (Harris), 121 The Strange Career of Jim uniquely human Crow (Woodward), motivations, 29À31 114 centrality of esteem needs, Sumner, Charles, 98 31À33 dependence and Taft, Robert, 141 independence of Taft, William Howard, 10, self-concept, 34À36 117À123, 141, 172 United Negro Taney, Roger, 82 Improvement Taylor, Zachary, 72, 83 Association (UNIA), terrorism, 161 132 “terror management United States theory”,32À33 expansion of, 68À70 Texas, 68À70 House of Representatives, Thurmond, Strom, 7, 14, 62, 65, 67, 72, 80À82, 143 92À95, 101À102, Tilden, Samuel J., 10, 101, 106À107, 110À111, 168 121, 136, 152, 159 Todd, Mary, 83 and Mexico, 70À75 Treaty of Ghent, 59 Senate, 62 Truman, Harry, 7, 11, 137 United States Colored civil rights and, 137À140 Troops (USCT), 92 Dixiecrats and, 137À140 University of Michigan, 21st-century realignment 45 and, 137À140 US Constitution, 13 Trumbull, Lyman, 83 12th Amendment to, 57 Trump, Donald, 26, 39 13th Amendment to, 93 popular vote and, 14th Amendment to, 94 166À168 15th Amendment to, 95 prospect of a populist 18th Amendment to, 13 realignment and, 25th Amendment to, 152 166À168 framing of, 4, 50 Trumpism, 166À168 slave holders and, 52 Tuskegee Institute, 116 slave trade and, 54, 58 194 Index

Van Buren, Martin, Whig Party, 67, 78 66À68, 72À73, 155 Wilmot, David, 72 Van Vugt, Mark, 28 “Wilmot Proviso”,72 Viet Nam War, 162 Wilson, Woodrow, 7, 10, Voting Rights Act, 146 117 Wilson experiment, Wallace, George, 148 121À126 Wallace, Henry, 137 Woodard, Colin, 16, 68 War of 1812, 60 Woodward, C. Vann, 114 Warren, Earl, 139, 141 World War I, 47 Washington, Booker T., African Americans 116À117 leaders and, 173 Washington, George, 17, 49 Great Migration and, Continental Army and, 49 131 Farewell Address of World War II, 47, 138, 1796, 56 173 The Washington Post, 151 The Worm at the Core: Watergate Office Building, The Role of Death in 151 Life (Solomon, Watergate scandal, 152 Greenberg, & Weaver, James, 109 Pysczczynski), 32 Webb, James, 21 West Coast Yankee Congregationalists, Clinton and, 164À166 18 Obama and, 164À166 Yellin, Eric, 123