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U. S. Presidential Campaigns and Elections Through the Collections

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U. S. Presidential Campaigns and Elections Through the Collections Presidential Campaigning and Elections in The Filson’s Collection – Part II – 1868-2008 Selections from The Filson’s Manuscript, Print, Photo, and Museum Collections Illustrating America’s Presidential Campaigns and Elections After Father Abraham • Lincoln assassinated April 1865 and Andrew Johnson ascends to presidency • Non-contender for 1868 Republican nomination • Republicans look to war hero as their standard bearer Ulysses S. Grant • Hero of Civil War for Union • Radical Republican led Reconstruction of American South in full swing • An established precedent for war heroes running for president – and being elected Grant Sweeps to Victory in 1868 versus Horatio Seymour Grant aims higher than Galena Waving the “Bloody Shirt” Poor judgement and corruption Grantism . And in 1872 versus Horace Greeley . And George Train Who ? Insignificant candidate Inspiration for Jules Verne? Supported women’s suffrage Main contest between Grant and Greeley The Election of 1876: Hayes vs. Tilden and the End of Reconstruction Hayes the declared winner Tilden the true winner? Compromise of 1877 A commission (with Republican majority) declares Hayes the winner of the disputed states and therefore the presidency Democrats exact promises for accepting this questionable finding Reconstruction in the South officially comes to an end The Election of 1880: Garfield vs. Hancock Non-candidate Garfield Nominated Civil War Hero choice of Democrats Movement to nominate Grant for a third term fizzled Civil War hero Winfield Scott Hancock standard bearer of resurgent Democratic Party and hopes for election high Well organized Republican campaign perhaps the difference in a close race Garfield Assassinated; Arthur Completes Term; Contest for ’84 Nomination James G. Blaine vs. Grover Cleveland Campaign of Smears and Mistakes Very close contest – New York the difference Alienated Republicans – “Mugwumps” – boost Democrats Greenback and Prohibition Parties field candidates (again) Benjamin “Spoons” Butler One of many candidates of splinter These parties only rarely could play parties during this period. spoiler to the two major parties. Blaine Blunders – October 29 his “Black Wednesday” Remember the Irish! “Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion” “Belshazzar” Blaine 1888: Cleveland vs. Harrison Republican contender from 1884 convention gets the party’s Cleveland seeks a 2nd term nomination Down but Not Out . 1892 Rematch of 1888 Cleveland Only U.S. President to Serve Non-Consecutive Terms Kentucky Republican efforts in vain Kentucky goes for Cleveland 1896: Republicans Retake the White House McKinley of Ohio Bryan of Nebraska Silver and Gold Republicans support the gold standard Democrats support free silver – “Cross of Gold” Third party candidates are in there pitching “Goldbugs” National Democrats and Prohibitionists Round 2: McKinley vs. Bryan 1900 election a repeat of the 1896 race. Gold standard still an issue. U.S. now an imperial power, with overseas possessions as result of Spanish American War But . One Significant Difference TR the Dynamo Political machine politics backfire McKinley’s assassination puts Roosevelt in the White House Dynamic, popular Reformer Republicans Rule • 1904: Roosevelt easily elected on his own • 1908: TR’s chosen successor William Howard Taft defeats third time Democratic candidate Bryan Gov. Willson of KY Campaigns for Taft Election of 1912 • Republican Party’s votes are divided between Taft and Roosevelt • Democrats choose Woodrow Wilson • Republicans vs. • Democrats vs. • Progressive “Bull Moose” Party Kentucky Senator Ollie James a Player 1916: Wilson vs. Hughes Republicans Rule Again: 1920, 1924, 1928 Dems and Others Go Down in Defeat Robert La Follette Al Smith 1928 1924 Progressive Party Candidate Democratic Candidate Depression and the Rise of FDR Elected to four terms Guided U. S. through the Great Depression and World War II Last of the New York Presidents Defeats all Republican Comers in Four Elections Give’m Hell Harry Succeeds FDR upon latter’s death in April 1945 Makes decision to drop atomic bombs Draws both praise and criticism for his domestic and foreign policies in a post-WW II world. 1948: A Close Run Thing Harry Truman for the Democrats Thomas Dewey for the GOP A Kentuckian on the Ticket Senator Alben Barkley The Era of Eisenhower From war hero to White House The Ticket of Eisenhower and Nixon Democrat Adlai Stevenson Loses Twice to Eisenhower And Don’t See This Campaign Ploy Any More . New Decade – New Leadership Democrat John F. Kennedy wins the presidency, defeating Richard Nixon in a close race Media plays an important role The New Frontier and Camelot In the Other Corner . But Certainly Not Everyone . “Plain Speaking“,” “Give’m Hell Harry” Calls It Like He Sees It Not Pulling Any Punches Tragedy in Dallas and LBJ 1964: LBJ and HHH Square Off Against Goldwater and Miller And Negative Campaign Literature Distributed (nothing new) Crossover Votes Were Encouraged 1968: Nixon vs. Humphrey A Third Party Candidate: George Wallace One of more significant third party candidates – garnering almost 10 million votes but isn’t a spoiler for either major party candidate. Nixon 520 – McGovern 17 Nixon carries 49 states McGovern takes Mass. and DC The Rise – and Fall – of Richard Nixon Nixon wins resounding victory over George McGovern in 1972 VP Agnew resigns in 1973 in disgrace; Gerald Ford appointed vice-president Watergate leads to Nixon’s resignation in August 1974 Gerald Ford finds himself in the Oval Office 1976: Carter vs. Ford Jimmy Carter of Georgia: Gerald Ford: Watergate, Nixon Washington Outsider and Reformer Pardon, and Slow Economy The Age of Reagan Reagan Sweeps to Victory Over Carter Reagan-Bush 489 Carter-Mondale 49 And Rolls to Victory Again in 1984 Versus the Mondale-Ferraro Ticket Reagan-Bush 525 Mondale-Ferraro 13 1988: Bush vs. Dukakis 1992: Three Way Race Economic down turn Infamous “Read my lips . No new taxes” statement in 1988 by Bush used with telling effect against him by Clinton campaign End of Cold War and Republican party dissention The Perot factor? Politics Go Bob, Bob, Bobbin’ Along And the Winner is The Democratic ticket of Clinton-Gore Two Southerners from adjoining states Both relatively young men Effective campaign with appeal to a broad spectrum of interests 1996 Clinton-Gore again carrying Dem banner Republican stalwart Bob Dole the GOP candidate 2000: The Chads Have It George W. Bush defeats Albert Gore Extremely close election: Approx. 101.5 million votes cast – Gore wins popular vote by 540,000 Bush wins electoral vote by 5 – 271 to 266 Shades of 1876? Florida (25 votes) disputed: Supreme Court decision finds for Florida government’s method of determining winner (Jeb Bush governor and secretary of state GWB’s Fla. campaign manager). Nader factor? Tennessee? First father and son to serve as president since John and John Quincy Adams And in 2004 Bush-Cheney Defeats Kerry-Edwards: Terrorism; Iraq; “Swift Boat” Politics 2008: Obama vs. McCain But Whomever You Support – Obama or McCain, Republican or Democrat . VOTE ! .
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