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Nabo – Social Inclusion of Youth in Iceland 1359131925 1359131925 1359131925 nabo – social inclusion of youth in Iceland 2525 19 1925 13 13 19 9 9 13 5 5 9 3 3 5 1 1 3 1 3333 26 2633 20 20 26 14 14 20 10 10 14 6 610 6 2 2 2 3939 34 3439 27 27 34 21 21 27 15 15 21 15 7 7 4 4 7 4 4545 40 4045 35 35 40 28 28 35 281616 11 1116 8 8 11 8 4949 46 4649 41 41 46 412929 22 2229 17 17 22 12 12 17 12 5353 50 5053 504242 36 3642 30 30 36 23 23 30 18 18 23 18 “You don’t really belong anywhere – 55 55 555151 47 4751 43 43 47 37 37 43 31 31 37 24 24 31 24 you are not an adult and you are not a child, you are not taken seriously, you are somehow in between…” 5656545654 52 5254 48 48 52 44 44 48 38 38 44 32 32 38 32 – Icelandic youth, Ísafjörður NABO – social inclusion of youth in Iceland Ellen Dröfn Gunnarsdóttir, Kristín Erla Harðardóttir and Gestur Guðmundsson TemaNord 2019:532 NABO – social inclusion of youth in Iceland Ellen Dröfn Gunnarsdóttir, Kristín Erla Harðardóttir and Gestur Guðmundsson ISBN 978-92-893-6181-1 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-6182-8 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-6183-5 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2019-532 TemaNord 2019:532 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2019 This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations Print: Rosendahls Printed in Denmark Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations. Rights and permissions This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Translations: If you translate this work, please include the following disclaimer: This translation was not pro- duced by the Nordic Council of Ministers and should not be construed as official. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot be held responsible for the translation or any errors in it. Adaptations: If you adapt this work, please include the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the adaptation rests solely with its author(s). The views and opinions in this adaptation have not been approved by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Third-party content: The Nordic Council of Ministers does not necessarily own every single part of this work. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot, therefore, guarantee that the reuse of third-party content does not in- fringe the copyright of the third party. If you wish to reuse any third-party content, you bear the risks associ- ated with any such rights violations. You are responsible for determining whether there is a need to obtain per- mission for the use of third-party content, and if so, for obtaining the relevant permission from the copyright holder. Examples of third-party content may include, but are not limited to, tables, figures or images. Photo rights (further permission required for reuse): Any queries regarding rights and licences should be addressed to: Nordic Council of Ministers/Publication Unit Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen Denmark [email protected] Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, economics and culture and plays an important role in European and international forums. The Nordic community strives for a strong Nordic Region in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation promotes regional interests and values in a global world. The values shared by the Nordic countries help make the region one of the most innovative and competitive in the world. The Nordic Council of Ministers Nordens Hus Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen [email protected] Download and order Nordic publications from www.norden.org/nordpub Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................... 7 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 9 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Methodology and participants ................................................................................ 11 1.2 Neither fully included nor totally excluded ............................................................... 12 2. Participation ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Leisure time ............................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Limitations of participation in different aspects of society ....................................... 15 3. Influence ........................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Opportunities for decision-making at home ............................................................ 17 3.2 Having an influence in and outside the neighbourhood ............................................ 17 3.3 Successful changes ................................................................................................ 20 4. Social support and social networks .................................................................................... 21 4.1 Knowing people in and outside the neighbourhood ................................................. 21 4.2 Practical help: “You have to know people” .............................................................. 21 4.3 Jobs ....................................................................................................................... 22 4.4 Housing and education ...........................................................................................23 4.5 Confidential matters .............................................................................................. 24 5. Prejudice and unfair treatment ......................................................................................... 25 5.1 Sexual orientation and trans .................................................................................. 25 5.2 Age prejudice ......................................................................................................... 26 5.3 Social status ........................................................................................................... 26 5.4 Ethnicity and origin ................................................................................................. 27 5.5 Reaction to prejudice ............................................................................................. 28 6. Experience of social inclusion and participation ................................................................. 29 6.1 The neighbourhood and belonging ......................................................................... 29 6.2 Being part of a larger community ............................................................................30 7. Equal opportunities ........................................................................................................... 31 7.1 What needs to change and who is responsible? ....................................................... 31 8. Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 33 8.1 Recommendations .................................................................................................. 35 References .............................................................................................................................. 37 Sammanfattning .................................................................................................................... 39 Appendix .................................................................................................................................41 i) Interview guide ...............................................................................................................41 ii) Scale questions ............................................................................................................. 44 iii) Results from the numerical evaluations ........................................................................ 45 NABO – social inclusion of youth in Iceland 5 6 NABO – social inclusion of youth in Iceland Foreword Young people in the Nordic region generally have good living conditions. However, at the same time the Nordic countries share some challenges, we have groups of youth that feel they do not belong in the community, feel that they are not listened to and are not taken seriously when participating. We also know that there is a geographical factor. The place where young people live and grow up affects their opportunities. Regardless if they grow up in a city, a disadvantaged neighbourhood, a rural village or a sparsely populated area, these preconditions differ, and it is important to emphasize. Youths are heterogenous groups with different needs. We have groups of youth that we know need more support and efforts, for example individuals in risk
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