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Kirsty Pearson Mike Waddington CANADA Vol. 9 NO. 3 1

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Wilfred Holloway's new book at special reduced price. $10.00 (* plus .50t postage) 4. Procedures for Organizing Major Orienteering Events:

*(plus .50t postage and handling.) $7.5 5. C.O.F. Rulebook * (plus .25ct handling and postage). 6. I.O.F. Symbolic Control Description Book * (plus .25t handling and postage). $2.00* 7. I.O.F. Map Drawing Specification Book * (plus .25t handling and postage.) $3.00* 3. : available in bulk - provincial associations 9. Control and Result Cards: temporarily out of stock due to paper strike. Orienteering Canada

The Official Newsletter of the Canadian

Orienteering Federation 333 River Road, Vanier, Ontario

VOL. 9 NO. 3 1981 CONTENTS

Editor's Depressions 4 President's Niche 4 Have You Any Good Recipes??? 6 Athlete Assistance Program 9 "0" Etiquette 10 Thesis on Route Choice 11 The Big Mud Bath!" 13 1981 Selection Races-WOC Switzerland 16 Edible Prizes--Better Than Ribbons 17 Team Leader Sought for 1982-1983 18 The Joy of Mapping 19 Letter to Canadian Orienteers 22 1981 Canadian Orienteering Championships-Kamloops, B.C. . . . 24 Control Description - Tree Top 30 Third Annual Blue Lake Clinic 36 C.O.F. Drops 38 Training 40 W.O.C. Results 43 ORIENTEERING CANADA is published in Ottawa with the assistance of the National Sport and Recreation Centre. EDITOR: Ted de St. Croix, Box 316 Vineland, Ontario LOR 2C0 TYPIST: Lee Leger CONTRIBUTORS: Ted de St. Croix, Pat de St. Croix. Ann Budge, Colin Kirk, Winnie Krogsrud, Eystein Weltzien, Susan Budge, Gabrielle Savard, Gordon Hunter, Juri Peepre, Erich Hanselmann COVER PHOTO: by Dick de St. Croix Kirsty Pearson and Mike Waddington Canadian Champions in D12 and H15- Both are members of the Hamilton King's Foresters, 1981 Canadian Club Champion.

3 Editor's Depressions

by Ted de St. Croix

There have been several rumours events with International stars floating around about future participating. They would give Orienteering events in North a badly needed boost to our America. Two groups of Swedish sport's growing pains. All it tour leaders are trying to organ- needs are some keen organizers. ize continental tours across the U.S. and Canada with hopes of The 1982 Canadian and North having orienteering races every American Championships will be day. Three-day meets, six-days held on opposite weekends in and even the World's first 10-Day August. There has been some race have been proposed. They are interest shown by our Swedish talking 1982, '83 and '84. friends to make a holiday of it and take in the two championships The 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles plus the training and pre-COC seem to be the drawing card for meets. If it is anything like our European Orienteers. Proposals our past Canadian Championship, the for a 5 - Day race prior to or after '82 meets will be super. This issue the Olympics near Los Angeles have of Orienteering Canada highlights been tossed around. The next few those championships held in Kamloops years could be a chance for North this past August. America to host some first-class

President's Niche

Canadian Orienteering Championships Tony Byrne, Diane and Charlie '81 are now history. Those who Fox, Susan Foster and Anne Anthony were fortunate enough to attend are some of those who deserve will have many wonderful memories the credit. Advising and making even though there were some bad the final checks was Jack Lee, 'legs', Orienteering Association the capable controller. of British Columbia, you did a fine job. Thank you.

4 Manitoba Orienteering Association A large number of competitors at you have a good example to follow the Championships took time out of and I am confident that you too their training and sight seeing will stage a fine competition. to attend the Board of Directors' Meeting in Kamloops. They heard Plans are being laid for an inter- committee reports and plans for the esting assortment of clinics, coming year. The consensus of that meetings, meets and parties in open forum was that the National Manitoba next August. There will Team Training was indeed very be two major events, the COC's a important. A request for financial and the North American Champion- assistance from Sport Canada will ships. Plan to join me there, be made to send the team to Hungary won't you Juri Peepre is the to train following the planned trip controller at the COC's and he to England for the Tri-country meet is expected to do his usual next summer. The total program competent job. plan will be presented at the AGM in November for ratification. While 0.A.R.C. were putting on their pre-meets and finishing The Directors also approved a plan touches, Scott Robertson of the to present a market analysis seminar Alberta Association was up in Hinton as part of this year's Annual with a good crew the National General Meeting in Ottawa, November Team Selection Races plus an 'A' Meet 20-22. To ensure that there is and also a run over the 2nd day's ample time for all the business, courses. Raelene Robertson, Don committee chairmen and provincial Bayly and Gene Ulmer were some of executives will be requested to the hard-working assistants. Steve submit their reports in plenty of Pearson and Colin Kirk checked every- time for advanced circulation to thing out and again, it was a delegates. successful event. Barbara O'Brien-Jewett, our Fitness Moose stew and partridge berry tarts Consultant, was able to visit with in Newfoundland, baked beans in us in Kamloops, first at the Map- Quebec, salmon bakes, fresh peaches ping Committee Meeting then at the and perhogies in British Columbia. Board of Director's Meeting. She What next? commented afterwards on the great amount of work done by our volunteers.

5 seem to have a high turn over in A couple from Merritt, B.C. read memberships. Do we welcome the an advertisement in their local new faces as well as the old paper and decided to try orient- friends? Let each of us make a eering at the Lundbom and Aspen special effort in our fall season Grove Meets. They then entered to make everyone feel truly welcome. the Championships. They were most favourably impressed with the friendly atmosphere among the Best wishes to all competitors and competitors and plan to adopt meet organizers this autumn. I orienteering as their next chal- hope it is the best season ever. lenge.

Is that friendly atmosphere one of Pat de St. Croix the reasons you like to orienteer? I know I really enjoy the compan- ionship at the meets. Yet we

Have you any good recipes???

Several orienteers have decided to prepare, and not too rich; in other put together a Cook Book, to be words, "everyday fare" rather than entitled Good....Naturally: We are "gourmet." Of , the more also looking for a sponsor to cover unique and interesting the better: the printing costs (any leads would We are planning the following be appreciated), then all the sale sections: proceeds would go into a fund for the Senior and Junior National Team -Snacks (such as dips of vegetables, Pools, for needs which are not roasted nuts, etc.) covered by government funding. -Beverages (hot mulled wine for apres ski, cold drink syrups etc.) This is where YOU come in We -Soups (hot or cold) would like to have one or two -Salads recipes from as many orienteers as -Meatless meals (egg dishes, Tofu, possible from coast to coast so it chick peas, etc.) will be a truly national publi- -Breads cation. We are looking for recipes -Muffins which are nutritious and wholesome, economical, on the simple side to (Continued on Page 35)

6

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8 Athlete Assistance Program

EDITOR'S NOTE: Preliminary to the meeting a very extensive questionnaire had been While I attended university I given to C.O.F. to complete and received a Student Grant-in-Aid to return prior to the meeting. The the tune of $1800 per school year. questionnaire was almost entirely This was to allow me to train much devoted to the performance of our more during the summer instead of teams and athletes in previous working full time. Several other World Championships: who the top top Canadian orienteers received nations were; where Canada was ranked; this money, usually three athletes what positions we anticipate from per year. Ron Lowry received this our athletes and team in the 1981 grant for the six years he attended WOC; training plans, fitness evalu- university. Not a bad sum. ations, etc.

Upon investigation this money was Doug explained that the Grant-in-Aid reported to have been misused program had been discontinued and in other sports so the program was that no similar program had replaced discontinued in 1981. A new it. All sports were now under a program has been designed to uniform program - the Athlete increase the effectiveness of the lssistance Program. Funding will now money. Now you have to produce only be available to athletes or teams great results in order to receive that achieve a high ranking in financial help to get even better Olympic, World and International training. Our Executive Director, ranking. Colin Kirk, has been meeting with the people who determine who All non-Olympic sports had to submit receives this support. a report based upon the questionnaire. ************ Several sports did not get accepted into the Program as their sport does Executive Director's Report not meet the basic criteria ( a Athlete Assistance Program minimum number of countries must be active in World Championships is Report on meeting with Doug one of the criterion). Orienteering Darling of the Athlete Assistance meets all the requirements and is Program. In attendance were Doug therefore accepted by the AAP and Darling, Terrence Dalton, Sport our athletes are eligible to receive Canada Consultant and Colin Kirk.

9 carded athlete status provided they can achieve satisfactory perfor- mances in World Championships. "0" Etiquette The present Program provides for 'A', 'B' and 'C' cards. Orienteer- Having just gotten into "0" I was ing athletes are eligible only for curious about the sport, its people 'A' and 'B' cards. It is hoped its training, its administration, that increased funding will be its etiquette. available in 1982 to permit 'C' cards to also be available. Under Especially the etiquette part. the present guidelines most of our Ever since I innocently started up National "A" Pool would be good the bowling alley a split second candidates for 'C' cards; however, after the bowler in the next lane for the time being we must aim only AND was leveled by his glare, I've for 'A' and 'B'. been hyper about learning a sport's unwritten rules before I break In order to be granted an 'A' card each one in turn. an individual would have to finish in the top 8 in the 1981 WOC or a So...I did some asking around. To relay team to finish in the top 4. ply some tongues I exchanged a few In order to be granted a 'B' card horror stories on swimming and an individual would have to be in Athletics. AND I picked up a few the top 16 in the WOC or a member tidbits. Needless to say...I of a relay team that finished in learned that one of my earlier the top 8. "mouthings" had broken a cardinal "0" rule. Based upon previous results and knowledge of other countries' Story: athletes it is extremely unlikely that any Canadian team member At a Mansfield Training Camp run I will finish in the top 16 in either camein a good hour after the rest of the individual events this year. of my group. I'd had a horrendous Our best hope is that one of our time finding a control in one re- relay teams could achieve an 8th entrant. To make certain I was place finish. This is possible bothering the right area I recon- but not highly probable. However, noitered adjacent -- and not so our Men's team finished 8th in the close -- paths, hills, ridges. 1978 WOC in Norway and we have a Finally I followed my instinct and better chance of attaining an 8th found the control. Even while place relay placing than a top 16 standing there I couldn't make my placing in the individual events. mind, the map and the features agree.

Cohn Kirk (Continued on Page 23)

10 Thesis on Route Choice

by Eystein Weltzien

ROUTE CHOICE-THE EFFECT OF choose straight routes, they mean to AND RUNNABILITY do just that, but Norwegian forests need a strong, well balanced, high The background to the investigation knee lift running action due to was about 3,000 timings taken 'slow' vegetation on the ground.) between 1976 and 1978 of elite male Norwegian orienteers. Times were Downhill in the forest, times were taken to within one second using almost constant whether the slope a stopwatch. Any time lost due to was mild or quite steep. They mistakes was subtracted from the varied from 6.20 to 6.40 min/km. leg times, so that the results On the flat the km-time varied from show real running speed over the 6.14 to 6.52. Thus it can be seen terrain during orienteering. Com- that vegetation and the nature of parisons showed that runners could the ground prevent runners from estimate their own time losses going any faster downhill than on with remarkable accuracy when it the flat. Indeed on very steep but was a matter of less than two runnable downhill the kilometre minutes. Timing was done in east- time was 8 to 10 minutes: ern Norway, at eleven different places, all typical of normal On mild uphill the km-time was 8-10 Norwegian terrain. minutes and rose roughly in propor- tion to the amount of climbing Running speed in different forest involved, e.g. with 500 m climbing situations per km, the km-time was about 15 The first part of the investigation minutes. had as its objective measuring how running speed varies with the On good runnable paths, in contrast slope and also with they type of running speed varied in a different ground underfoot. Measurements manner. Downhill times were faster were converted to speed in minutes (about 3.30 minutes/km) than times per kilometer. Running on paths on the flat (4.14 to 4.23). Uphill and roads was measured as the on paths speed decreased in pro- actual distance covered, but that portion with gradient, e.g. with in the terrain as the crow flies. about 100 m climbing per km, the (P.H. Note: When Norwegians km-time was about 5.30

1 1 What all this means is that we can a basis for predicting differences run a significantly larger detour in time between different route on paths downhill, than on the flat choices. To restate: in flat or uphill. If we compare the terrain one can run about half as straight line route with a route on far again along a path as straight large paths, on a down-hill leg it through the forest. In steeply may be worth running up to 100% undulating terrain one can run about further, whilst on flat or uphill twice as far on a flattish path, and it's only worth considering a in the terrain one can run about 30% route around up to 60% longer. further on a flat route than on a straighter undulating route. Of course there are other factors to consider. Even where the start To test this conclusion, different and finish of a leg are at the same route choices were tried by male height, climbing may be involved. elite orienteers in three different Times rose from an average 6.35 terrain types. Two or three dif- minutes/km for a completely level ferent routes were run for the same route choice in the terrain to leg in any order. For every route 12.20 where there were extreme the runners ran the same way back slopes by use of contouring. As to the start-point. The difference well as losing time on steep uphills between actual and calculated time one also loses strength and with was then found to be a mere 3.7% less oxygen to the brain mistakes so upholding the predictions. are more likely. Also running on small paths, as opposed to large One of the tests took place at paths or roads, is only slightly Konnerud near Drammen. faster than running in the forest, Sixteen orienteers ran the 1,820 m as these small paths may be twist- leg three times each: straight ing and indistinct in places, through the terrain, left chiefly requiring more map reading. Time on small paths (2,850m), and right can easily be lost. chiefly on roads and large paths (3,210m). Speed in marshes averaged 5.30 mins/km. This shows that marshes The straight route was significantly must be very wet to slow one down, faster only when properly executed. as one can run in straight lines It is clear that one can go a rather than slalom style between long way out of the straight line trees in the forest. However if one can run on roads and large marsh running can be very exhaust- paths, but should be more care- ing. ful with diversions along small paths. Application and prediction We can now apply these results as

12

Timing gave the following results:

Actual Time Ave. Min. Max. incl. mistakes Straight 13.48 12.51 16.28 14.22 Left 15.29 14.13 16.43 16.05 Right 14.13 12.48 15.10 14.15

This led on to the next test, error. Going straight you can assessing the risk of making often carry on in the right mistakes. In fact going straight, direction without great time loss. mistakes were made on 38% of legs with an average time loss of 40 In all the route choice tests, most seconds. On roads and large paths orienteers chose the straight route mistakes were only made on 3% first, The examples show that of legs (average time loss 17 elite orienteers are very tied to seconds). On small paths, however going as straight as possible although mistakes were made on between controls. Consequently only 17% of the legs, the time loss they surprisingly often take an averaged 54 seconds, longer than unprofitable route when faced that when going straight. In with a route choice problem, practical terms what this means is (This article appeared in the Swedish that when you make a mistake at a 0.magazine Skogsport, was trans- path junction the consequences lated into English; published in will be greater as it will take Compassport No. 3. Comments by a long time before you realise the British orienteer, Peter Haines.)

The Big Mud Bath!!!

This year during my trip to Europe in the conventional relay method, I was fortunate to have the oppor- that is, the first man starts in a tunity to attend what are probably mass start, he runs the course known as the most prestigious marked on his map, returns to the orienteering relays in the world: Start-Finish area and taps the 's Tiomila and Tvgmila. The second man who runs a slightly Tiomila, which translates to 'ten different course that is marked on Swedish miles' or '100 kilometers', his map, the second man then returns is an annual 10-man relay that to the Start - Finish area and taps commenced in 1945. It is organized the third man and so on ... In the

13 Tiomila, this procedure continues to 8.0 km. This allows clubs to enter until all 10 men have completed junior and veteran orienteers in the their respective leg and the team relays. The Tiomila and Tamila are with the first tenth runner to reach the events which inspire many Scandi- the finish is declared the winning navian clubs to organize meets, team. Apparently the organizers recruit new members, and to hold of the Tiomila don't feel that the frequent club training. To produce stress of competing in a relay is good results, and even to complete enough so, to add further challenge, the Tiomila, brings much honour and the Tiomila is held at night! The recognition to a club both in the Tveamila, which means 'two Swedish orienteering world and in the club's miles' or 'twenty kilmeters' is the home community. women's equivalent of the Tiomila and has been held for the last 15 This year a third challenging years. This relay is held in the element was present during the relay. afternoon prior to the Tiomila The competitors were forced to and involves women's teams of five fight the course, the night and the members each (although there is talk COLD: Unusually numbing temperatures of a change next year to teams of 10 and sleety precipitation left a women on each team.). blanket of soggy snow on an un- frozen ground. This caused the This year's Tiomila and Tvamila were Finish area and control sites to held over the afternoon and evening of turn into a 'big mud bath'. As the May 2 in a very open, military reserve night of the competition progressed, forest near Uppsala, forty kilometers the mud grew deeper and deeper until north of Stockholm. 520 men's teams in places, it was over orienteering and 482 women's teams, making a total jogger boots: Runners were return- of 7610 orienteers(:), representing ing from the forest with numb fingers clubs from Sweden, Norway, Finland and frostbitten toes, and huddling and, for the first time, Switzerland, in down sleeping bags beside the competed. Each club is allowed to woodstoves in the army tents that enter a maximum of two men's teams and were brought by all clubs. Some three women's teams. The relay is of the more competitive clubs had held in an effort to encourage parti- trailers for their night runners cipation from the smaller orienteering to rest in which I'm sure were clubs as well as the stronger clubs especially appreciated in the who have no problem filling two men's extreme cold. I spoke to some of and three women's teams. The men's the night runners who said they relay covered 122 km with individual found it difficult to decide legs of 9.0 km to 15.6 km and with whether to sleep or not. Is it varying orienteering difficulty. better to stay up and risk being The women's relay covered 27 km and sleepy during the race or is it the leg lengths varied from 4.1 km better to sleep and then head out

14 --Trpowwwwwwwwwmilm---

into the night 'not quite awake men's finish. Lars Lbnnqvist, the yet'? I'm sure this dilemna was last runner for Ravinen, and Kjell less serious this year as the Lauri, the last runner for Almby, frigid temperatures were enough to both members of the Swedish national keep anyone awake and alert: team, went out with only 4 seconds between them. This would be an During my stay in Sweden I was the exciting Finish! The tension in guest of Almby IK, a highly the crowd was high as we waited compeptive orienteering and ski club for the first orienteer to finish. from Orebro, that was considered by Then at the end of the chute Lars many as favourite to win this year's Lbnnqvist appeared bringing Tiomila. Almby IK had entered victory to OK Ravinen. This was three women's teams, but because I OK Ravinen's third time winning was a foreigner the organizers had the Tiomila-making Tiomila's very kindly granted Almby IK special history. But 1981 was a special permission to enter a fourth team so year for their club since they that I would be able to participate. won both the men's and the women's I was entered to run the first leg race! which would have been a thrilling experience - starting 'en mass' with Here are the results of the 1981 482 other orienteers! - but, unfor- Tiomila and Tvgmila: tunately, because of an unusual Tiomila problem involving my feet I was unable 1. OK Ravinen(Stefan Olsson, to run. So I spent the weekend Johan Norsell, Bjorn Rosendahl, observing, which was exciting in Kent Bergman, Lars Forsberg, itself. All night there was a Tore Tjernlund, Arne Ngbo, Claes steady stream of young, old, slim, Gustafsson, 011e Nabo, Lars heavy, fresh and exhausted runners, Lbnnqvist). 12.43.33 some sprinting and some 'chugging' 2. Malmby OK 12.49.24 out the starting chute and in the 3. Almby IK 12.50.49 finishing chute. As the night pro- gressed the runners started to wear Tvamila head lamps and spectators could 1. OK Ravinen (pnnveig Narbuvold, watch round, bright spots grow and Lena Tjernlund, Asa Kronqvist, form into human shapes as they Barbo Lbnnqvist, Annichen Kringstad). approached from the forest. I am 3.04.59 always amazed when I imagine the men 2. Haldens SK 3.10.49 3. running at top speed through the Bakkelaget 3.10.59 forest with only a head lamp to light the way. Susan Budge Around 5 a.m. on Sunday morning, after a 3 hour nap in the club tent, I woke up just in time to view the

15 1981 Selection Races World Championships - Switzerland

The site for the Selection Races 30-35° C heat prevented clear think- was Blue Lake Recreation Leadership ing and resulted in a short result Center in Alberta's Foothills to list. the Rockies. The terrain was similar to Norwegian terrain with Not a good way to bring confidence its spongy moss floor and quite to a National Team preparing for unlike Swiss terrain with its the World Championships. Of the predominantly deciduous and culti- nine men who started only five vated forests. completed both days. All five women completed their races fortunately Fortunately, Scott Robertson's because only four places were course setting presented good route available. Where were the other choice problems and a fair test women? Either they didn't think of one's physical capacity despite they could make the team or they the extreme hot and dry conditions. didn't want to. The results from Luckily, I had to sit Out this race the Canadian Championships (open due to a recent injury. The 11 km to all competitors) indicate we course for Day 1-Men proved too are not sending our strongest team physical for several young orient- to Switzerland: I think it is time eers two of which were leading the we opened up the selection races as race at the first timing station. well. Glen Geddes, Peter Nickleford, Chris Robert and Mark Adams all The Committee decided to select showed great potential for future Marg Ellis to the Women's WOC National Teams which may not be Team in order for Canada to have apparent in the results. All five a full relay team of 4 persons. women competing finished their race Congratulations to Marg on a fine with Denise Demonte taking a clear comeback and to Ken Sidney and lead which she slightly lengthened Frank Farfan, new members to the on Day Two. team.

The second Selection Race was held on a new map with larger and fewer Ted de St. Croix details. This provided for faster times than Day One but fatigue from back-to-back races in the

16 Edible Prizes - Better Than Ribbons

Ad EDITOR'S NOTE: The inventors of 2 mL (1 tsp.) salt this recipe come from the Prince 250 mL (1 c)whole wheat flour George 0. Club. Perhaps some of 250 mL (1 c) raisins the fine performances by Westerners 125 mL (1 c) wheat germ at this year's COC are due to their 125 mL (1 c) walnuts healthy diets. 125 mL (1 c) carob chips *************** 2 mL (1 tsp) baking powder 375 mL (11 c) rolled oats Exercising in the great outdoors Cream butter and brown sugar. Beat has a way of sharpening even the the egg well combined with vanilla smallest of appetites. The speedy (or allspice) and salt, and blend preparation of good food ranks in creamed butter mixture. Add dry quite high on the list of priori- ingredients into wet mixture to make ties of oudoor enthusiasts. A new a soft dough. Add a little water if cookbook published* in Calgary, too dry. Dough can be rolled into "The Little Cookbook for the Great a 5 cm (2") diameter log, wrapped in Outdoors", presents useful inform- tin foil and kept in the freezer for ation on general aspects of outdoor future use. For small cookies slice cooking and a great selection of into lcm (1") thick pieces, place on such quick and easy to prepare greased co8kie sheets and bake at recipes. The best example of this 190 C (375 F) for 15 minutes. For is the famous western K & D cookies giant-sized cookies, form into 15 cm tested along side many a cross- (6") diameter 1 cm p") country ski race track and orient- patties thick and bake at 190 C (375 F) for eering finish chute! Other recipes about 20 minutes. Makes 6 extra including Dolomite croquettes, large or 36 small cookies. mushroom savory pilaf, buckwheat pancakes and hot apple pudding are known for their immediate success * Published by Rocky Mountain Books, with a group of Albertan white- written by Linda Darling & water canoeists. Suat Tuzlak K & D COOKIES

125 mL (1c) butter Gabrielle Savard 175 mL (3/4 c) brown sugar 1 large egg 5 mL (1 tsp.) vanilla or ground Allspice

17 Team Leader Sought for 1982-1984k

The position of Team Leader for the National Orienteering Team automatically becomes vacant after each World Orienteering Championship. The C.O.F. now invites applications for this volunteer position from mature men or women with leadership qualities and some international orienteering experience. The general role of the Team Leader is to assist the Team get properly equipped and prepared prior to the next W.O.C., accompany the Team to the W.O.C. and ensure that the members are able to concentrate on training and competition without unnecessary organizational distractions. A detailed job description is available upon request.

Applicants should submit a letter outlining their qualifications to the following address before October 24th, 1981. The final decision will be made before the C.O.F. Annual General Meeting.

Competition Committee, C.O.F. 42 Kenwood Crescent Guelph, Ontario N1H 6E5

18 The Joy of Mapping

41; making in Canada on projects gratis. may be about to enter a crisis period. Recently, I heard that one 2. There is at present, no quality of Ontario's best mappers has said control. The so-called pros often he will neither do field work nor live away from the area they are re-draw maps unless he is paid. mapping. Their aim could be to get the area covered and get on to At first glance this may seem rather another project as quickly as pos- selfish but his reasons are hard to sible. dispute. Several provinces, Ontario included, are receiving We do not have a Mapping Certifica- good sized mapping grants to get tion Scheme. Often the person hired orienteering going in school yards, to make the map is the first one parks and our traditional forests. available after the map grant comes In most cases they are using these through or whoever is free and grants to hire field workers. available to travel. Scandinavians, Americans and young Canadians have been hired to produce 3. If the Federal or Provincial their maps. funding for map grants ever ceases the country will be left with a With these people being paid, Why, shortage of mappers. The old the argument goes, should anyone amateurs will be out of practice else do it for free? Especially and the 'pros' will likely be search- when the 'professionally' produced ing for other forms of employment. maps seem no better or worse than those done by amateurs. In fact I have no solution to the latter one of the worst maps in Ontario two problems. Instead I would like is one produced by a person billed to appeal to the 'amateurs' to keep as a "famous Swedish Orienteering on making maps. There may be others racer and map maker." earning more and doing less. How- ever there are greater rewards to Three big problems seem to arise be had from making an orienteering with the advent of professional map than the merely monetary ones. mappers: Last year I spent a good many week- 1. The amateurs, as expressed ends and much of my summer holiday above, seem less willing to take doing field work for a'new map in

1 9 the Gatineau Park, just north of orienteers were kind enough to compli- Ottawa. I had helped with field ment Bruce and me for the quality of work on four or five other Ottawa the map. maps but this would be the first one where I was to do all of the Field work brings a chanc*to dis- fieldwork. cover things about nature and things about yourself. I once was sitting There were other people willing to on a rock eating lunch when several help with field work (our club is deer strolled nonchalantly by blessed with many experienced scarcely 20 meters from where I sat. orienteers who are used to pitching Another timeI watched several in to do their share. Al Gravelle, beavers busy, I presume, collecting Mike Day, Bruce Brenot, have all and storing food for the on coming worked on many maps). However, I winter. I've seen grouse (false wanted to take on the challenge of injury ) to lead me away from their mapping an area by myself and of nest of young and once, as I stood being 100% responsible for the near an old mine pit, I watched my field work. Bruce Brenot would needle turn circles under have the difficult task of trans- the influence of some type of mag- lating my tracings in to a finished netic mineral. map. To spend the day checking out boulder The experience of doing that map locations in the middle of a forest work is not one I would trade away is one heck of a way to escape under any circumstances. Feelings the cares of one's normal existence. of discovery, of frustration when There are a few things in our over- things didn't look right, of relief regulated, automated lives that we when the 'pieces' of a difficult can really control. Few of us can area finally fell in to place, the make decisions unencumbered by chagrin of seeing winter come and rules and regulations that really not being able to do any more pre-determine the decision. How- double checking, watching the map ever, in the woods I felt I was take shape on Bruce's drawing truly my own boss. I was responsi- board and the elation when the map ble for the design and detail of finally came back from the printer the map and for the accuracy and are all memories I will treasure amount of detail. I had to inter- fondly. pret the size, shape and type of marshes, rock faces, open area, So too, will be the anxiety as the mines, etc. If I blew it I couldn't first orienteers ventured out on pass responsibility off on anyone the map during the Quebec Champion- else-there was no way to pass the ships and the pride as several buck and I liked it.

20 It is possible to enjoy orienteering However these are all problems that and be a good orienteer without in retrospect have added to the doing any mapping. However, I sense of accomplishment once the task would suggest that it is impossible task was completed. to fully appreciate all that our sport has to offer until you have So, I don't care that some provinces done some mapping. are paying their field workers and in some cases bringing in outsiders Not that t4 field work won't to make their maps. That's their have ita..idkonveniences. It was problem. For me, a confirmed sometimes hard to convince Brenda amateur, no amount of money could that I couldn't stay home with her equal the enjoyment and sense of to go to some flea market or visit accomplishment I can get from doing a relative because I was behind field work "because I want to." schedule in the woods. On those It may be some time before I again sunny, hot summer days it was often take on a project as large as the tempting to knock off early and Lac Pink map but whenever my club head for the nearest beach. needs me to help out I'll be ready:

After several weeks I think I was Gord Hunter more repelled by insect repellent than the bugs were, but I used a lot of "Deep Woods Off" and it seemed to work. Rarely was I really bothered by mosquitos or deer flies.

The biggest inconvenience was thunderstorms which seemed to come up only when I was in the deepest part of the woods. Once, thinking there was no shelter around, I ran out through a terrific flash storm that ended just as I got to the car. The next day as I continued my field work I came across an old but less than 200 meters from where I had been at the start of the storm. Had I known the but was there I could have waited out the storm in dryness and resumed the field work when the storm passed. Instead a precious after- noon was lost. Why don't base maps show old huts? Jonathon Kirk Photo: Ted de St. Croix

21 Dear Canadian Orienteer:

Enclosed with this issue of Orienteering Canada you will findA ►„ membership survey compiled by the COF Development Committee.

As recent articles in Orienteering Canada have outlined, the growth of orienteering both in membership and geographical spread is a primary goal of your Federation. We ask for your support in completing the questionnaire and returning it to the C.O.F. Development Committee, c/o Orienteering Ontario, 160 Vanderhoof Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4G 4B8

The survey will help us to determine the composition of the current membership in order to aid our national promotion and marketing strategies.

A good response from the membership will be invaluable to the success of the survey, and the Development Committee program in general.

If you require additional copies of the Membership Survey for other members of your family, please contact your provincial association or the C.O.F. National Office.

Thank you.

Jun Peepre

On Behalf of the Development Committee

22 Upon returning I accosted my groupmates. What does your mouthing accomplish? "Did YOU find Control 8?" -Draws "everyone's" attention to "Yes." negative aspects "Where?" -Draws attention to YOU. Perhaps "Where they said it'd be!" you enjoy being "an attention "Are you sure? I travelled the entire getting device." But, all your area and couldn't find it 'til I tried critical statements are magnified a hunch. That MAP..." in a sport with as few people as "0". (A criticizer in Swimming Anyone who's been to more than a few doesn't make as many waves.) And, '0' meets can easily fill in the rest if you must be obnoxious perhaps of the conversation. Finally a you should consider another sport smidgeon of common sense surfaced --one larger -- one which can and I went to my teacher, Margaret absorb your indiscretions. You Ellis. During the next 90 minutes, might feel: I agree...however, in at least four separate "discussions," the method for "pointing out" dif- she tried to help me sort out the ferentiates the gentleman from the problem: MY problem...recognizing lout; the lady from the louse. a re-entrant. So... Which brings me to the Concise - to the Mansfield map-maker, Oxford Dictionary's definition of - to the Mansfield course setter, Etiquette: - to the Mansfield control hanger MY APOLOGIES!! Unwritten code restricting professional men in what After my blunderings I learned a few concerns interests of their of the points of"0" etiquette: brethren or dignity of If you feel the: their profession. -course was wrong (too easy, too hard) Yep...that 'bout sums it up. -the controls misplaced -the map incorrect -controls with incorrect codes Winnie Krogsrud -water control inadequate (no water left when you got there, no cups, etc.)

then...DO NOT MOUTH! Quietly, dis- cretely (?)! approach the appropri- ate officials. They will evaluate and correct where necessary.

23 1981 Canadian "0" Championships Kamloops, B.C.

The theme song for the 1981 C.O.C. This year's championship was almost was undoubtedly Noel Cowards, "Mad certainly the most successful one Dogs and Orienteers go out in the yet held. For most participants mid day sun", and personally I it was a joyful happy week in didn't even see any of the mad dogs British Columbia with beautiful -only the orienteers. How hot was weather, ample opportunities to it? Well, when I was driving sight see and relax and also through Merritt for the Pre-Meet enough orienteering events to event at Lundbom Lake two days satisfy everyone. No doubt some before the C.O.C., I heard the local will complain about the heat, the radio station announcer saying that area and the courses but any one of the station staff members deficiency in these areas were more had actually fried an egg on the than offset by the sight of 300-400 sidewalk. vacationing orienteers having a thoroughly good time. Perhaps some With temperatures ranging between Elite competitors feel that the the mid 30's and 40's, it made for C.O.C. should be a serious "top very hot, tiring, strength-sapping level only" competition and not a slugging. I am certain that C.O.C. "Festival of Orienteering". However, Course Planner, Tony Byrne, was at this stage in our development seated in the shade chuckling we need to promote the sport of fiendishly at the sight of the orienteering and a week-long of Eastern Canadian competitors activities such as the 1981 C.O.C. struggling up the open hillsides can accomplish this extremely well. in the searing heat. The only thing that the organizers overlooked was arranging for a However, orienteers are nothing if franchise from "Finnegan's Pub" not philosophical and given the and"Chess's Fish and Chips" from heat of Kamloops againt the snow St. John's, Newfoundland. and sleet of the 1976 event at Lac Phillipe, or the bone chilling The Championship area was located winds of the 1978 event at Hilton about 20 miles north of Kamloops in Falls. I am certain that it would the heart of a large rolling hills be a landslide vote in favour of cattle range. Apparently the the heat. cattle had more sense than the

24 orienteers as 'nary a one was seen place finisher, Ingamar Gord of Sweden, during the two days.' The only and 19 minutes over Ken Sidney (2nd moving animal seen during the two place Canadian finisher). This was days was a large black bear that a great showing for Ken who has been Steve Pearson encountered. The a model of consistency all year and long winding, tortuous dirt road confirmed his selection to the 1981 into the area dampened the spirits W.O.C. team. Ron Lowry had his of the orienteers driving to the poorest result of the year on Day 2 meet site. Even with all car and slipped into 3rd place (4th windows tightly closed, the dust over all); some 21 minutes behind raised by passing cars managed to the winner. The Jones' boys, Kevin find its way into the cars. It of Ontario and Afan of B.C. finished was a pleasant relief to get out of 5th and 6th exactly one minute apart the car and onto the cool, forest to round out the top 6. trail that led to the Competition Site. Denise Demonte of Hamilton King Foresters capped her most successful As has happened in all recent season yet by winning her 1st Championships once again the cream Canadian Championship in the,U21 rose to the top with most of the category. Denise reversed the pre meet favourites capturing the formula used by Ted by running a titles and top spots iR most blistering race on Day 1 and opening categories. up a 13 minute lead over a group of girls (Susan Budge, Robyn Rennie, Ted de St. Croix continued his Kitty Jones and Megan Piercy), who amazing string of C.O.C. successes were all bunched within 2 minutes. by capturing his sixth consecutive On Day 2 it was Susan's turn to be H21 title and he is still only 23 fastest by four minutes over Denise years old. Ted suffered a leg and Megan but overall Denise won injury four weeks prior to the by 9 minutes over Susan with defend- event and had to rest for the next ing champion Megan a further 6 two weeks. He only started light minutes behind in 3rd spot. A fine running 10 days before the event 4th place finish by Kitty Jones of and had to miss the Selection Meets Alberta was the big surprise of this to choose our World Championship event. Marg Ellis and Robyn Rennie team. After Day 1 he held a slim closed out the top 6 spots. 13 second lead over Ron Lowry. However, on Day 2, Ted left no The H35 category saw Peter Gagarin doubt on who is 'Number One' in of New England finishing first both Canada by scorching around the days with aciaa_Ellis of Guelph course in 64:30 to win by a wide being some 5 minutes behind in 2nd margin of 15 minutes over second place- and Gord Hunter in 3rd. Peter

25 has long been the best U.S. herself in the category and probably orienteer and represented his ranks as the most predictable country in several World Champion- Champion every year. Pat Lee ships. A serious leg injury kept should be congratulated for her fine him from taking part in the U.S. 2nd place finish behind Rena. trials; however, his performance at Kamloops indicate that he Mark Adams,(Viking) runner-up to would have been an asset to the U.S. Ted de St. Croix in the H21 Team in Switzerland. Brian Ellis's class in 1980, stepped all the way two fine runs gave him the title down to his proper class of H17-18 of Canadian Champion and also kept and proved the class of the field. Gord Hunter from being successful Mark had fastest times each day and in his first attempt at the H35 an overall 10 minute victory margin crown. over John Downing of Toronto with defending champion, Glen Geddes also The H19-20 Junior category saw a from Toronto a further 6 minutes back victory for the host province in in 3rd place. the person of _M

26 and winner of the D17-18 category be eligible to win. was second only to-nritanding ovation given Ted de St. Croix. The D50 category saw Gloria Charlow Magali outclassed the other gain revenge for the'Charlow family competitors to win by some 25 mins by beating Pat de St. Croix into and cap off an outstanding season. 2nd place with Anita Dorschell in Tina Evans of Ontario and Katrina 3rd. Gloria was defending champion Eyvindson of Ottawa took 2nd and in this category and it seems to me 3rd spots. that John, Gloria, Dick and Pat seem to have been playing 'hot potato' with Three experienced and staunch these two titles for the past few supporters of orienteering topped years. Just wait until next year the list of the 41.43. competitors when some fresh new 'young' legs with Gillian Bailey of T.O.C. move up into HSO. beating Judy Adams (Viking) and defending champion Ann Budge The indomitable Walter Kuz won the (T.O.C.) for top honours. H56 title, no doubt inspired by the fact that the awards ceremony and The winners of the 1980 D13-14 banquet were being held in the local and H13-14 categories, Pam James Ukranian Hall. Walter visited the of Halifax and Mike Waddington of banquet hall 2 days prior to the Hamilton moved up one category to event to discuss the menu and recipes D15-16 and N15-16 and were equally with the chef and kitchen staff and successful with two fine perfor- probably felt honour-bound to win mances Both were fastest each the title. day on their respective courses. Mike finished 20 minutes ahead of Last butby no means least are our John Halvorsen of Ottawa and Martin younger category winners. In the Lam Pardoe of Calgary further behind in Julie Russell of Ottawa won over 3rd . Pam was an impressive Pia Karkas of Toronto while in the victor by 43 minutes over Susan H13-14„Steven Phillips of Hartney, Taylor of Newfoundland and Claudia Manitoba was victorious over Paul Weiler of Quebec. Langdin of Newfoundland with Edward James of Halifax a close 3rd. Dick de St. Croix edged out arch rival John Charlow by less than The narrowest winning margin of the 1 minutes to take the J150 crown entire championship was the two-second with Kalje Mandre Manno in 3rd victory by Colin Mark of the 14th 7, place. Ragner Bernard of Sweden Boy Scouts of Toronto over Claus and Nova Scotia was fastest in Frostell of Montreal with Lester this category but has not been Pardoe of Alberta in 3rd spot. resident in Canada long enough to Colin probably also qualifies as the

27 smallest competitor in this year's Now it is on to Manitoba in 1982. C.O.C. Can anyone halt the Ted, Rena, Mike and Pam string of victories? Perhaps Another close winning margin was and then again, perhaps not. Plan the 2:20 victory by Kirsty Pearson your 1982 vacation now to take in of H.K.F. over clubmate Nina the 1982 C.O.C. and N.A.C. Jack Waddington with Paivi Karkas of Forsyth and Jim Lee promise paved Toronto 2nd. roads, pleasant sunny weather, low gentle hills and kindly forests. How good were the Championships? Very good and truly representative. Cohn Kirk The medals, particularly in the younger age categories 19-20, 17-18 15-16, 13-14, 12 were won by compe- titors from B.C., Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland which augers very well for the future. The banquet and social event and dance was the best yet held at a C.O.C. The success of this banquet being held on the Sunday evening follow- ing the similar success of the Sunday night banquet at the 1979 C.O.C. in St. John's would indicate that this formula should be contin- ued. One of the Ontario 1983 C.O.C. organizers has already stated that they will follow this formula.

The O.A.B.C. organizers showed that they were more than capable of staging a C.O.C. as well as any ever staged in any other part of Canada. It was a super week of orienteering with Tony Byrne, Susan Foster, Charlie Fox, Bruce Rennie, Controller-Jack Lee, Gillian Foster Anne Anthony, etc. and all of the organizing crew of officials due Rena Weiler (Viking Club) a tremendous vote of thanks from Winner D35 1981 C.O.C. all participants. Photo: Ted de St. Croix

28 Photos by Timo Palotie taken from the HKF Spring 'A' Meet and Quebec Championships in Gatineau Park.

29 Control Description - Tree Top

During Ontario's July-August I meandered on, killed one deerfly moratorium on "0" I coerced an and noticed a mosquitoe trapped orienteer into drawing a few inside my map case, "How did he get circles on a map. He drew 35 of in there?" Squish. "Got him:" them and sent me into the woods. (As far as I'm concerned all viscious There were no ribbons or controls insects are MALES)! However, my hanging so I often had to peruse victory over the mosquitoe was pyrrhic, the surrounding area to guarantee his corpse was obliterating a that I'd found THE circled area. critical area on my map.

After 2i hours I felt that the Back to the 35 circles. "It would be past two or three controls were a easy to quit. The road's just off bit vague on my part. I wasn't at to my right. All I do is follow it, all certain whether I'd followed turn into the parking lot and go for the correct route OR had success- a swim..." fully fooled myself many meters off course. ...as Robert Frost said, "The woods are lovely, dark and deep." Then, the clincher, I could not, in my wanderings, find control 29. An hour later I completed the "0" CRAP: I went back to the road, to exercise. (and I'd found #29): the swamp, to the hill?...nothing. I tried five different approaches. My circle drawer was asleep in the My "brain" and said map were not car; all the others had left. I doing well. The mosquitoes, how- woke him and we reviewed my odyssey. ever, were in excellent form... the deerflies abundant...the heat I pointed to the mosquitoed portion not quite oppressive, but close. of my map, "Right over here I was un- certain. After a while I figured "Let's face it. I'm not going to I'd pack it in. It just wasn't find the control." Tr frequently worth it. Then I decided: if all discuss my predicaments with the the controls come easily I don't vegetation). "I've been out hours learn a lot. It's difficult ones I could well be way off course, that teach me...not only contours the insects are thriving, the and features, but what I'm made of." other orienteers have probably gone home...." "Good." He grinned, picked up his

30 red marking pen and drew seven more tree? Those poor Ortho people. Bet circles. "This time I want you to they were disgusted." RUN the entire route." I tried to walk on to #4. But some- I was feeling pretty smug. I'd set thing kept pulling me back. I up my FIRST "0" course over the checked again. Still no control. weekend. Frank Farfan ran it Tuesday and reported all controls were in This time I almost got away from the the correct places. Two of the tree's magnetic-like force. But... Ortho Mob (a group of adventurers I didn't. new to "0") were out on my course about one hour ahead of me. And Something made me glance up. Hmmm... me? Well...Rick had hung the Nothing. I looked up further...Eee controls and it was my job to pick gads! There it was-- a good 30' off up the first eleven on my route. the ground.

It was a beautiful evening. I "Those bums!" I figured one of the trotted along the trails un-paper- MOB had done a little course adjust- clipping controls. (Yep, used ing. paper clips, big ones...there was a dearth of safety pins at work). "Probably Bill...he was quite jovial I had the added assignment of tuck- when I called 'hi' as I started the punches into the control's towards #3. flaps. Since the Ortho Mob had only attended the Wednesday night I put down the flags I'd collected meets in metro Toronto parks they'd and surveyed the tree. The willow never been exposed to control cards offered numerous trunks, branches and punches. So, I figured I'd go and not too stable twigs. During "all out" making certain that they the upward journey I grabbed two came in direct contact with the limbs...that came off in my hands. controls instead of spotting them The holds got a wee bit thin and I from 10 meters and dancing on by. got a wee bit mad. With ten feet left to climb I packed it in and Yep...gorgeous evening. I came to decended. "It's not worth it. I'm the base of the humungous willow not breaking my leg for that control. tree. Glanced in. No control. And...those bums. This is the last course I set for them!" I stepped in amongst the lower branches. For the next five controls I was still mumbling, but coming back across the No control. stream my mood improved. I spotted "That Rick. How could he miss this "0's" secretary, Kathy Ann, and her

31 crew. They'd just punched a hill willow tightly, then assaulted the control and were thoroughly enjoy- control's branch. Crack! (It's ing the prospect of a dry stream about time I had some "luck"). The crossing. limb broke. I wiggled the string off the stick's end and tossed #3 "Hi! Kathy, how are you doing?" well clear of the lower potentially "Great!" control grabbing branches. "Need any help?" "No, thanks." Thump. #3 made it to the ground. So did I...safely. Plop. Ye ole help offerer disap- peared into a pit. On the trek back to the Start I "Winnie! Are you all right?" prepared my opening remarks. How "Yep. By the way, there's a pit should I approach the Ortho Mob: over here...and it's not on the map." Scenerio #1 (Subtle)

I scrambled out and they splashed Me "Hi." across. They "How'd control collecting go?" To the tree. I put down the Me "Fine". controls and ascended. At the flag They "No problems?" I succeeded in creating a mare's nest by trying to untie the string Me "No." with my left hand. I finally ...someone was bound to smile/snicker tried with my right, but couldn't and give me the break I was looking undo the damage. Next, I glued for. myself to a limb and attempted to break the string. NO GO. That cord Scenerio #2 (Direct) was made out of tough stuff. AND Me whoever had repositioned #3 had "Who's the tree climber?" made off with the giant paperclip. Scenerio #3 (The actual exchange)

Well...there we hung. Me and the I crested the hill. NOT one of the control. Only one of us was Mob was in sight. Rick was fiddling assured of maintaining the aerial with the stop watch. position...and it wasn't me. "Rick, did you hear anything about any of the controls?" Finally...after chastizing myself for being so dumb as to try un- "Boy did I!" tying with my "off"hand...I pre- pared for pruning. I gripped the So,o.Ortho didn't do it, Rick didn't

32 do it, I most certainly didn't do it He handed me the card. Couldn't ...Perhaps it was the kids we believe it. There, neatly pressed heard giggling just prior to the in the #3 slot, was the appropriate start. punch imprint.

"Rick, your 4th control was in "Why did you climb and punch?" the wrong place. Your map shows "Well, this is our first meet with it at the trail junction. It was punches so I figured you were serious up the hill, just three feet from about us presenting a complete mine. You know better than that." control card." "It was visible from the junction." Following control collecting the Ortho Mob met at Maggie's house for "Barely. AND if you circle a trail pizza. A few more stories surfaced. junction THAT'S where you're to hang the control!" Larry was the other victim of my first course setting endeavor. Bill Hmmm...the evidence was mounting. described Larry's actions: Two controls out of place. Both near each other. "I looked over and Larry was moving back and forth under the willow, Rick left to fetch his controls cursing Winnie. A few minutes later and the second and last runner for I looked again and the tree's upper my first course came into the branches were moving. Larry was finish. IN the tree! Cursing Rick." (Larry also punched his control card "Goldwyn, how'd it go? AND Sorry while willowing). about the tree! " Both orienteers figured Rick sent "I climbed it." them to the upper regions. The previous Saturday he and Frank "You what?" Farfan had taken the Mob to Rockwood. "The first time I tried I went too Following the "0" session they'd been fast and fell ten feet. I'm not introduced to Rock Climbing. Rick sure what I did to my back." demonstrated moves and holds on the limestone surface. Goldwyn and I looked. It was red with branch Larry surmised that Rick was trying marks. to develop a few climbing skills The second time I climbed more during the "0" training. carefully. Here's the punch marks for #3." We all decided the real "mover" was

33 a smallish kid. Some of the and one responsible for the Ortho branches leading to the hanging were Mob I still would like to get my delicate...as Goldwyn with his rapid hands on the culprit. decent will verify. So...out of this unplanned advent- And, in retrospect...if I'd been ure I learned a control setting walking through the area and spotted lesson...NEVER hang a flag in a that red and white control suspend- highly climbable tree. (NO pun ed near the tree-top I would have intended.) thought the scene quite picturesque. However...as a control retriever Winnie Krogsrud

QUEBEC CHAMPIONSHIPS 1981 Ann Westerlund (Sweden) 1st D21 Magali Robert (Ottawa) 3rd D21 (Photo: Dick de St. Croix)

34 -Baked goodies (not brownies, or lemon meringue pie, but rather carrot cake, granola cookies, oat cakes). -Trail Foods (Bannock bread, trail cakes, etc.)

How about considering a regional specialty, such as sea food chowder or cod fish cakes , etc. from those of you from the Atlantic provinces; perhaps trail food ideas from our Rocky Mountain orienteers; maybe a favourite dish from your orienteering club's pot luck supper; or perhaps a recipe for something which is always in your picnic basket at orienteering meets. Include any interesting details as to the source of the recipe, etc.

Please give well detailed instructions including oven temperature, size of pan or casserole, number of servings, if it freezes well, possible substi- tutions, etc., where applicable. Yeast bread recipes should have parti- cularly detailed instructions.

We hope you'll think of one or two (you may have already!) favourites you you'd like to share with other Tony Byrne orienteers. Please send your contri- Map maker and Course Setter butions to us by the end of October. We can't promise to use every recipe Tony Byrne-Flap Maker and because of similarities, etc., but we Course Setter, 1981 C.O.C. will do our best! We need your help! Please send Photo: Ted de St. Croix recipe(s) to:

Ann Budge RR #1 Terra Cotta, Ontario LOP 1NO

35 Third Annual Blue Lake Clinic

After two successful officials' Instructors had to carry air filled leadership clinics, the team of balloons. Rule: lose three minutes Juri Peepre and George Murphy for each one broken. Ann and Erik decided something new might prove Westerlund, our guest instructors attractive. A competitor's train- from Sweden, managed to get halfway ing camp over four days was in around the course before they each order. Word was already out about lost one. I managed to cross the the fantastic terrain and the two line with two intact but moments new maps by Afan Jones so forty- later one sort of sighed and shrivel- five interested people spoke up. led up. Unfortunately, the bureaucratic establishment at Blue Lake restri- The highlight of past clinics was cted our group to 30 after cancel- the Blue Lake Follies. Controls have ling and reinstating our training been found in depressions marked as camp. George Murphy managed to hills, with incorrect codes and even place thirty eight people in camp misplaced. On purpose! This year grounds, an employee's home at it showed signs of living up to its the centre as well as the camp reputation. Jack Saprunoff and facilities. Gayle Machalowski of British Columbia started first by trying to drown As one of the instructors I must Afan Jones who was attempting to keep admit we were hard pressed to the master map canoe from drifting give them enough training. Even away. Gillian Foster from Vancouver some "late nighters" went for pre- was seen "flowing" through the open breakfast dips in the lake. I was forest in her toga. The whole affair really deflated when Maureen was not unlike scenes out of Monty Crawley went for a long run before Python. Pat Glover of Calgary took her swim and then tackled four the best dressed prize in his training exercises during the day modified Trimtex suit complete including the night race which with decals. lasted until 2:30 a.m. the next morning. Russel Kilbourn of Calgary blitzed the course in the fastest time in The opening day a relay event was spite of the thirty six course organized by Juri with one hitch. errors, uncovered by master sleuth Sheldon of Manitoba.

36 Aside from these quirks we did some advantage of great weather, maps serious playing too. The terrain and terrain. around the Blue Lake Center varies from flat and featureless to a Throughout the camp Ann and Erik large hill and depression mess and followed individuals through a 4 km some small detail areas. In the course to help give personalized tips appropriate terrain sessions of on what techniques the individual precision orienteering, line was weak in. orienteering, concentration "0" and rough "0" were held. The camp ended with a race to test the new skills learned but many Precision orienteering consisted competitors made the same old mis- of short legs between control takes probably due to fatigue in flags found on the smallest the mind and body. A new member to features. Careful compass, map Alberta, John Yardley from New reading and pace counting is Zealand won the men's class with required. Line Orienteering Kitty Jones of Banff taking the involves following a route marked women's. on your map as close as possible keeping a keen eye out for stream- Will a fourth Blue Lake Clinic be ers strategically placed on the held in '82? Development of route. The competitor must expertise in the West will certainly locate these flagged locations on suffer without it: his map.

The concentration course required Ted de St. Croix small groups of three people equal in ability. The group starts together and each person is trying to locate his control flag out of three placed in the forest. One must really concen- trate so as not to be disturbed by the others in their group.

Rough orienteering concentrated on fast running to large features navigating by rough compass and easy handrails between small control features near attack points. The lectures were kept to a minimum in order to take

37 C.O.F. Drops

Hostels Associations and has 1. Nova Scotian Orienteer taught physical education at Honoured by Province Mount Saint Vincent University. Freda Wales, a long-time member of 2. Jack Forsyth's Claim to Fame C.O.F. was recently inducted into the Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame One of the most colourful and dedi- Freda was an active participant in cated C.O.F. members is Manitoba's orienteering until a serious ill- Jack Forsyth. (Meet Director for ness in 1977 forced her to curtail the 1982 C.O.C.). Since his intro- most of her strenuous outdoor duction to orienteering at the 1974 activities. Freda competed in the Guelph Leadership Clinic, Jack has 1st Canadian '0' Championships in strived for recognition as a nation 1968 and had served on several ally ranked competitor. To date C.O.F. committees. Among her many his main claim to fame is as "The services to orienteering, Freda One-Day Wonder," at the 1979 C.O.C. can take claim for having intro- in Newfoundland. Jack has now duced Sheila Smith to the sport brought it to my attention that he while Sheila was a student at is the only C.O.F. member who has High School in Nova Scotia. The competed in and completed courses press release that appeared in the in all provinces that are members September 9 issue of the Halifax of C.O.F. Several members have Chronicle Herald reads: competed in events in all provinces except Manitoba, only Jack has Freda Wales of Halifax is a founding member of five competed in all the provinces. This situation will change in 1982 with amateur sports organiza- both the C.O.C. and N.A.C. being tions: Orienteering Assoc. held in "Friendly Manitoba"; however of Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia Jack can bask in isolated glory for Women's Basketball Assoc. one whole year - just like a bona Maritime Board of Women's fide champion. Sport Officials, Canadian Ski Association Atlantic 3. New Fitness Canada Consultant Division and Nova Scotia Camping Assoc. She has It seems that at least once every also worked with swimming, year I notify you of a change in Royal Life Saving and Youth

38 our Recreation Canada consultant, information books during the two with every time the individual years preceding the W.O.C. These coming or going being Barb O'Brien. books provide details on training We have been advised that Fitness opportunities, major competitions, Canada has hired two new consult- accommodation possi5ilities, weather ants and one of these, Sue conditions, terrain peculiarities, Cousineau, will now be responsible vegetation, topogra3hy, etc. The for Orienteering. Sue is not un- C.O.F. office recently received familiar with orienteering, nor is Bulletin No. 2 which contains a 4- she unknown to members in the page article on the dangers of Ottawa area. Sue's husband, Claude poisonous ticks (it was one of these is a professor in Outdoor Education ticks that ended the career of 1972 at Ottawa University, and has World Champion, Sarolta Monspart). taught orienteering to his students Prevention against these ticks was for several years. Claude also also covered in the article. attended one of the famous Guelph O. Clinics in the early '70s. (I After reading this article on the think it was 1973). Sue and Claude seriousness of these tick bites, our were members of the Ottawa '0' Club Canadian complaints about black flies, in the mid '70s until they moved mosquitoes and poison ivy seem to the U.S. while Claude studied rather mild. for his Ph. D. P.S. News of Sarolta Monspart is Both Sue and Claude are avid out- that she is expecting the birth of door enthusiasts with canoeing her first child sometime in October. being their number one addiction. With such an outstanding athlete as a mother, perhaps we will see We extend our very best to Sue and another Hungarian World Champion in hope that she finds time to parti- the 2001 or 2003 W.O.C. cipate in some of the Ottawa area events. We also extend our thanks 5. Young Nova Scotian Orienteer to Barb O'Brien for her efforts Wins Grant-In-Aid on our behalf during her various terms as our consultant. We hope One of Canada's most promising young orienteers, Pam James of Halifax, that Barb also finds time to has been awarded a Government Grant- remain active in orienteering. In-Aid in recognition for her success 4. Ominous Warning to National in Orienteering. Pam was winner of Team Members Competing in the D15-16 category in the 1981 COC. Congratulations Pam: 1983 WOC - Hungary Organizers of World O. Champion- ships must publish several Cohn Kirk

39 Training

TECHNIQUE AND TACTICS in then this would be a purely techni- COMPETITION (Part I) cal decision. But if he chooses a certain route which in his eyes is This is a free translation of an not the optimal, but with respect to article by the Swiss expert, the conditions (tiredness, risk, Erich Hanselmann, as it was recen- etc.) the most intelligent, then tly published in the national this is a tactical decision. German 0-letter. Although some paragraphs have mainly the compe- 1. The competition site: titor in mind, it is not less interesting for the average Each competition area has its own orienteer since it can help him/her character. The competitor must to avoid unnecessary mistakes and adjust this terrain and recognize therewith disappointment. where his/her strengths and weaknes- ses lie in this type of terrain, and First, let's clarify the meaning act accordingly. If you are convi- of the title: nced that you cannot perform in Technique: The ways and means of this terrain, or you don't consi- how to use map and compass to der it "fun" to suffer on such a choose routes and to approach "battleground", or are bored in controls regardless of the special such a "boulder field", then you situations in the competition (e.g. really ought to go fishing that day. rivals, exhaustion, terrain, etc.) Tactics: The adjustment of orien- Rules for the competitor: teering technique and physical fitness towards the competitors, a) accept the competition site map terrain, exhaustion, weather, with its peculiarities; etc. b) be willing to peform to your best ability. As in many other sports, tactics and technique are not separated 2. The map: by a firm boundary...they melt into each other pretty seamlessly. It is important that the competi- If a competitor chooses a certain tor quickly becomes comfortable route because it is the best one, with the map. During the first

40 minutes of your run, one must bring totally, i.e., how do I complete map and terrain into relation- this course in the fastest possible ship with each other and recognize time. Simple legs should be recog- how exact and detailed the map is. nized as such and result in appro- You should quickly note new symbols priate decision, i.e., faster used, types of dense areas, etc. running speed. During these first minutes, the map-maker is judged... how did he From the moment the competitor show this or that, how did he begins to criticize the course draw it. It is much easier for instead of accepting it, his per- the competitor to adjust to a map formance drops. He tries to blame if he knows the map maker from the course setter for the mistakes previous maps and is familiar he made in order to excuse himself. with his personal style. One's own experience in field work and/ Rule for the competitor: or drawing a map are extremely helpful for this adjustment. The course is a given fact - only the time is to be determined Rules for the competitor: (expressed in hard numbers!!)

a) accept the map as is. 4. The First Control: b) adjust immediately. c) recognize the strengths, The first few minutes of your run weaknesses and peculiarities can influence your total time con- of the map siberably. It is of great psycho- d) be willing to extract the logical importance not to make any upmost from the map. mistakes during this first part Whoever has a "bad" run on a "bad" of the competition. It is very map is a "bad" competitor because difficult to turn in a top per- he is unable to adjust to the formance after the negative experi- "bad" map. ence of having made mistakes at the beginning through nervousness, 3. The course: high risk, etc. After losing, for instance, three or even six minutes Accept the course and don't it requires great willpower and criticize since it does not imp- self-confidence and concentration rove your performance if you get to believe in the possibility of excited and upset about the victory, and attacking the course course (poor control locations, accordingly, It has been proven poor route possibilities, etc.) that the psychological effect of while you are competing. Only a mistake early in the race has one task should occupy you a more negative effect on your

41 total time than the time ILst due enced competitors make parallel to the mistake. errors: the direction, the vegeta- tion, the contours, everything is Rule for the competitor: Find the correct but you still do riot find first marker without a problem. the control because you accidental- Adjust your tactic to this require- ly chose a nose, a re-entrant, etc. ment: which runs parallel to the desired ...don't rush-it is worthwhile to one. A parallel error is a mis- look at the map for an extra placement of yourself parallel to five seconds at the start. the desired direction, which occurs ...a superstart into the next den ce mostly too early, seldom too late vegetation does not lead to the with respect to your direction of first control. travel. Thus, you choose a nose or ...don't take any risk; in case of a re-entrant too early because you any doubt, choose the safest do not have the patience to wait. route, even if that looks ridi- Similar mistakes can also occur culous (i.e., back through pre- very close to the control; this then start or past registration) is not a real parallel error but more a mistake, which you have to With this method you invest maybe recognize immediately! They happen 20-30 seconds on the first leg, if there are similar possible but you hit the first control dead control locat'ons nearby: s - veral on, and you will be able to incre- boulders, two stream intersections, ase your speed steadily and find three depressions, two pits, etc. your optimum race rhythm. Rule for the Competitor: If If you don't find the first marker, problems occur, examine the map you must not lose your self-confi- immediately with respect to parallel dence, must not give up. Stay possibilities or consider possibili- calm and concentrate more on the ties of similar features near the . map! The lost time has often control and act accordingly. less influence on the total time than you momentarily think in your panic. But you must not throw in the towel and don't lose your trust in yourself and in a possible good performance. (To be continued in the next 5. Handling of Problems near the issue of Orienteering Canada.) Control. 5.1 Recognize possible parallel errors quickly. Even very experi-

42 1981 World Orienteering Championships - Results

Due to time and space constraints, Relay Results only the results of the top 6 finis- Men 21 Teams hers and Canadian competitors will be published in this issue. A com- 1. Norway 4.38.15 prehensive - report on the W.O.C. will 2. Sweden 4.38.47 be included in the next issue of 3. Finland 4.45.23 Orienteering Canada. 4. Czech. 4.48.42 5. Switz. 4.54.81 Individual Men 14.1 km-83 competitors 6. Australia 4.57.98 1. Oyvin Thon-Norway 1.30.05 15.Canada 6.00.96 2. Tore Sagvolden-Norway 1.32.33 3. -Norway 1.33.10 Women 18 Teams 4. Lars Lonnqvist-Sweden 1.35.06 1. Sweden 3.49.53 5. -Finland 1.35.49 2. Finland 4.05.07 6. Jorgen Martensen-Sweden 1.36.04 3. Switz. 4.13.10 33. Ted de St. Croix-Canada 1.56.18 4. Norway 4.16.53 36. Ron Lowry-Canada 1.57.41 5. Gr. Britain 4.27.37 65. Ken Sidney-Canada 2.18.33 6. Australia 4.43.11 70. Frank Farfan-Canada 2.28.02 11.Canada 5.10.12 Individual Women 8.7 km-72 competitors ******************************* Annichen Kringstad-Swe. 1.05.47 1. The two pre race favorites, Oyvin 1.08.54 2. Brit Volden-Norway Thon and Annichen Kringstad both 3. Karen Rabe-Sweden 1.09.40 won and the two tipped to give them 1.11.46 4. Ruth Humbel-Switz. most competition, Tore Sagvolden 5. Outi Borgenstrom-Fin. 1.12.16 and Brit Volden finished in runner- 6. Anna Kucharova-Czech. 1.13.28 up spots, so the forecasters for 29. Denise Demonte-Canada 1.30.44 once were accurate. 32. Susan Budge-Canada 1.31.32 49. Sheila Smith-Canada 1.41.57 57. Marg Ellis-Canada 1.56.50 YOUR SHOPPING CENTRE FOR ALL ORIENTEERING® EQUIPMENT

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