Spacewalks for AMS-02

• from CERN to ISS • special servicing • procedure • tools and training • spacewalks AMS-02 from CERN to ISS

2 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020

AMS-02 is a very complex integrated engineering system constituted by the assembly of different particle physics detectors 3 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020

300.000 data channels 650 microprocessor 5mx4mx3m 7.5 ton

AMS-02 is a very complex integrated engineering system constituted by the assembly of different particle physics detectors 4 ISS: 108x80m 420T, 86KW, 400km CMS: 21x15x15Corrado m3, ~14,000 GARGIULO, ton 6th May 2020

AMS-02: 5x4x3m, 7.5 T, 2.4KW

37m, 80T 37m,

: : ORBITER

State-of-art particle physics detectors scaled to fit in the Endeavour cargo bay and designed to survive launch loads and space environments 5 p200 =1x10p200 p1000 =1x10 p1000 LEO Low LEO EarthLow Orbit atomic vacuum microgravity debris - 6 mbar ( 200 Km ( mbar 200) 6 - 10 mbar (1000 Km) (1000mbar 10 : from 200 to 700 km; orbital period of of 60period from km;: to orbital700 200 radiation cosmic cosmic rays events solar beltsradiation plasma variation -

90 min 90 ccc

K Deep Space Deep K ° 6 3 radiation vacuum plasma p200 = 1x10-6 mbar ( 200 Km ) radiation belts p1000 = 1x10-10 mbar (1000 Km) solar events

cosmic rays

3

° K Deep Space K Deep acceleration (3g) T plus 7.7 min main engines throttled down to keep acceleration below 3g's so that the shuttle does not break apart. microgravity Vibration debris 20-2000 Hz 3,2 grms Depressurization atomic oxygen drop from 1 bar to 0 in less then 2 min shocks pyro shocks(>1000Hz), explosive charge to

separate stages ccc

temperature variation

AMS_02 Particle Physics Detector Technologies Orbiting the Earth LEO Low Earth Orbit: from 200 to 700 km; orbital period of 60-90 min 7 https://indico.cern.ch/event/184978/ 16 Countries, 60 Institutes and 600 Physicists and Engineers

AMS-02 detectors were built all over the world and assembled at CERN 2 CERN clean room CLASS 1000, 500 m , from 2007 to 2010 8 Every single integration step is performed according to a written STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE AMS Task Sheet (ATS), submitted and approved by NASA QA in advance. NASA issue an upper level procedure, Task Performance Sheet (TPS), that refers to ATSs as external documents and describes a process.

CHANGE TO THE STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE If the ATS requires revision after it has been approved by QA, a MOD (Modification Of Design) sheet is attached to document the requested changes to the ATS. This MOD sheet and the original ATS must both be reviewed by NASA QA NON CONFORMANCES Non conformances are recorded in a Discrepancy Report. A Disposition Report provides the step by step AMS-02 Integration Quality Assurance procedure to document the work done to fix the non NASA mission success and safety criteria conformance 9 STEP BY SEP PROCEDURES …TO TORQUE ONE SINGLE BOLT 7 steps to be followed, filled in and signed 1. Fasteners Part Numb and Lot Num 2. Bolt grease PN and LN, Exp date 3. Superkoropon PN and LN, Exp date 4. Running torque measured 5. Final torque applied 6. Torque wrenches used to measure the locking torque PN SN and calibration certificate number 7. Torque wrenches used to measure the The assembly work is supervised applied final torque PN SN and by an AMS QE and a NASA QE Calibration certificate number The assembly work is performed by … a skilled technician More than 500 ATS procedures All signed procedures were locked by NASA during AMS-02 Launch and installation on ISS

AMS-02 Integration More than 20.000 photos of the AMS Quality Assurance hdw taken during integration NASA mission success and safety criteria 10 Elisa

Corrado

Fabio Maurice

AMS-02 CERN integration team (includes EP staff) 11 ESTEC, Nordwijk, April 2010 The LSS Large Space Simulator is Europe's single largest vacuum chamber.

Diameter 10 m Height 15 m CERN test beam Simulates space vacuum, unfiltered sunlight in earth orbits, deep space cryogenic

Cycled for more then two weeks from +50°C to -90°C ESA EMC test

AMS-02 testing phase after integrationESA Thermal VacuumTest ESA Large Space Simulator 12 SSPF, KSC , Florida, 26 Aug 2010

The Space Station Processing Facility was built for processing the International Space Station flight hardware AMS-02 has been 7 months Working on AMS-02 in the SSPF being prepared for the launch

In the CANISTER

CANISTER rotation

AMS-02 in the SSPF 13 Launch Pad 39 A, 21th March 2011 Canister (AMS-02) arrives at launch pad Rotating Service Structure (RSS) Payload Change out Room (PCR)

Closing doors of Endeavour PLB

AMS-02 at the Launch PAD 39 A 14 Working inside Endeavour PCR KSC, Florida, May 16, 2011

STS134 MISSION PROFILE CREW Commander: Mark Kelly Pilot: Gregory H. Johnson Mission Specialist 1: Mike Fincke Mission Specialist 2: Roberto Vittori (ESA) Mission Specialist 3: Andrew Feustel Mission Specialist 4: Greg Chamitoff

LAUNCH Orbiter: Endeavour (OV-105) Launch Site: Kennedy Space Center, Launch Pad 39A Launch Date: May 16, 2011 STS134 Crew Launch Time: 8:56 a.m. EDT 15 ISS, ~400 Km, 51.6 degree, May , 2011

Endeavour docked to ISS. Endeavour Arm passed AMS to Canadian2 Arm that installed AMS in a fully automated way on the ISS main trunnion structure. The control of the Canadian arm from the ISS cupola. 27743 Km/h, 91 min orbit from Endeavour to ISS 16 “These experimental data on cosmic- ray positrons show that, at high energies, they predominantly originate The highest energy particles either from dark-matter annihilation or are produced in cosmic rays from other astrophysical sources.” On Earth we live under 100km of expected positron spectrum by air, which is equivalent to 10 2028, in particular the high- meter of water. This absorbs all energy data points, should enable an accurate comparison the charged particles.. with dark-matter models To study the intrinsic properties of charged cosmic rays requires a detector above the Earth’s atmosphere

In eight years on the ISS, AMS has recorded more than 135 billion cosmic rays. The results contradict all cosmic ray models and require the development of a comprehensive model of the universe. AMS-02 is searching signs of Dark matter and Antimatter carried by the cosmic rays that enter in its acceptance, with an unprecedented sensitivity 17 AMS-02 special servicing

18 RAM 19 Upper Unique Support Structure Lower Unique M-structure (Vacuum) Case Support Structure STARBOARD 02 layout -

AMS

Radiator

Tracker Tracker

Electronics crates Electronics

Main Radiator Main WAKE Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 1

2 3-4 5-6 7-8

9

20 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 Tracker Planes

WAKE TTCS RAM CONDENSER CONDENSER Tracker Thermal Control System, CO2 two-phase pumped loop

UPPER EVAPORATOR

144 W

PUMP

ACC HX TTCB

LOWER EVAPORATOR

The Tracker Thermal Control System, TTCS, a very complex system onboard AMS-02 Some of the CERN EP members that took part in the TTCS original construction 21 Bart Verlaat (system design), Elisa Laudi (production QA), Corrado Gargiulo (mechanical design and integration) Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 Tracker Planes

WAKE TTCS RAM CONDENSER CONDENSER Tracker Thermal Control System, CO2 two-phase pumped loop

UPPER EVAPORATOR

144 W

PUMP

ACC HX 10° ±3°C TTCB

LOWER EVAPORATOR

The TTCS, a mechanically pumped two-phase carbon dioxide cooling loop 22 In order to guarantee the tight accuracy of tracker measurement (5-10 µm) the sensors on the different planes, must be kept at a stable uniform temperature Only one pump is needed at a time and theyattimeneededis have aandOnlypumpcycled onefrom been to one another Therearefour TTCS Pumpsbetween two split locationsSecondaryAB & Primaryon AMS. Aand & TTCB AMS was originally designed forAMSwas originally designed threeyears operation. approaching life.of theendA program was promptlytolaunched prepare anewoffof theplumbingcut thepumps and 2 pumps2

WAKE UpgradedTrackerThermal System. Pump AMS - Afterseveral wereTTCS theyears of pumps the operation of space in 02 02 TTCS pumps starboard B with RPM RPM spikewith cut stoppedanoperated wasone pumpwear. Threepumps were RPM spikeswerethe first sign of Mechanicalcentrifugal pump ~ 2g/sec of CO2 inthe ofloopCO2 2g/sec 5 000 Impellerspinning at rpm which moves rpmmoves which - off 23 It contains AMS ~ 5 kg liquid CO2liquidkg tank to charge 5 system,the electronics box new …, radiator,accumulator, valves, filters,… - 02 02 Collaboration has

WAKE developed Upgradedan Thermal Tracker Pump System starboard CorradoGARGIULO, 6th May 2020 4 pumps 4 pumps 24 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 Tracker Planes

WAKE TTCS RAM CONDENSER CONDENSER Tracker Thermal Control System, CO2 two-phase pumped loop

UPPER EVAPORATOR TTCB secondary Tracker Thermal Control Box 5 8 6 7 1 3 cut New UTTPS

0 PUMP vent 4 ACC HX TTCB 2

LOWER EVAPORATOR Upgraded Tracker cut Thermal Pump System

The Tracker Thermal Control System, TTCS, is the most complex system onboard AMS-02 25 The TTCS upgrade requires the replacement of the TTCB with the UTTPS, which implies the cut and reconnection of 8 ssteel tubes Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 Tracker Planes

WAKE TTCS RAM CONDENSER CONDENSER Tracker Thermal Control System, CO2 two-phase pumped loop

UTTPS UPPER EVAPORATOR TTCB secondary Tracker Thermal Control Box 5 8 6 7 1 3 New UTTPS

PUMP vent 4 ACC HX TTCB 2

LOWER EVAPORATOR Upgraded Tracker cut Thermal Pump System

The Tracker Thermal Control System, TTCS, is the most complex system onboard AMS-02 26 The TTCS upgrade requires the replacement of the TTCB with the UTTPS, which implies the cut and reconnection of 8 ssteel tubes EVA procedure

27 28 PLANE 9 PLANE TRACKER TRACKER CONDENSER

RAM 8 4 6 - - - PLANE 1 PLANE PLANE 9 PLANE PLANE 2 PLANE PLANE 7 PLANE PLANE 3 PLANE PLANE 5 PLANE LOWER EVAPORATOR LOWER UPPER EVAPORATOR UPPER 02 and 02 and accessible not easily - starboard 02 was NOT designed for EVA for designed NOT was 02 - AMS

TTCS tubes are deeply integrated in AMS deeply tubes integrated TTCS are WAKE TUBES LOWER LOWER TTCB TTCB PRIMARY TTCB SECONDARY TTCB TRANSPORT TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT TUBES TRANSPORT UPPER UPPER EVAPORATOR EVAPORATOR UPPER 29 , RAM Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 May 6th GARGIULO, Corrado 02 CERN at - starboard cad reconstruction hundreds reconstruction of of details cad

as well as 3d well WAKE on the through documentation collected collected documentation the onwhile assembling through AMS

Identification of an intervention strategy based on integration experience and.. experience integration on based strategy intervention an of Identification

Supported by 347 pages document by 347 pages Supported Intervention strategy proposed to NASA EVA and NASA EVA Tools teams Tools EVA and NASA EVA NASA to proposed strategy Intervention Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020

DEBRIS SHIELD REMOVAL RAM

WAKE starboard

Best EVA accessibility for tubes cuts has been identified behind the debris shield Challenges: 13 non-captive fasteners removal, debris shield handling The debris shield will not be installed back, UTTPS will take its place 30 31

RAM Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 May 6th GARGIULO, Corrado

starboard

VSB TTCB WAKE The removal of the debris shield provides access to the TTCB and the Vertical Support Beam Support Vertical and the the TTCB access to shield provides debris theof removal The 32

RAM RAM CONDENSER Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 May 6th GARGIULO, Corrado UPPER EVAPORATOR UPPER phase pumped loop pumped phase - UPPER EVAPORATOR UPPER two 2 TTCS starboard Tracker Planes Tracker 2 4 cut TTCB cut for venting for cut TTCB 3 Tracker Thermal Control System, CO System, Control Thermal Tracker 1 7 HX PUMP 6 8 TTCB

5 ACC 0 WAKE cut vent WAKE CONDENSER Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020

TTCB

Tracker Thermal Control Box TTCB is covered by MLI The TTCB is fixed to the Unique Support Structure and has tubes that go to the VSB and to AMS Nadir 33 Corrado GARGIULO, 17th May 2019

TTCB

Tracker Thermal Control Box TTCB is covered by MLI The TTCB is fixed to the Unique Support Structure and has tubes that go to the VSB and to AMS Nadir 34 35 36 37 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 1 2 TO EVAPORATOR 1 (upper), 2(lower) 3 4 FROM EVAPORATOR 3 (upper), 4 (lower) 5 TO CONDENSER WAKE 7 TO CONDENSER RAM 1 6 FROM CONDENSER RAM 8 FROM CONDENSER WAKE

0 FILL PORT 0

3

6 8 5 7

4 2 TTCB Secondary Pumps SA, SB; TTCS lines to be cut OD=4mm, wall thick~0.7mm 38 0

0

First cut (0) at the TTCB fill port, for CO2 venting; tube OD=6mm Challenges: MLI opening, tube cut and system depressurization 39 40

RAM Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 May 6th GARGIULO, Corrado starboard VSB

Vertical Support Beam Beam Supporttubescut Vertical WAKE 41

RAM Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 May 6th GARGIULO, Corrado phase pumped loop pumped phase - two 2 TTCS starboard Tracker Planes Tracker 2 4 cut 3 Tracker Thermal Control System, CO System, Control Thermal Tracker 1 7 Vertical Support Beam Beam Supporttubescut Vertical HX PUMP 6 8 TTCB

5 ACC 0 WAKE cut vent

Vacuum Case

U

-

carbon beam

with cover Vacuum Case

Vertical Support Beam tubes cut 42 Tracker cables bundle From T-crate to Tracker Plane1 Liquid lines heaters cables & Radiator PT1000 wire From Wake & Ram rad to TTCBox cover panel VC upper ring

VC lower ring

43 VSB tubes cut: 6 tubes cuts (1,3,5,6,7,8), tubes OD=4mm Challenges: MLI opening, zip-tie cut; cable ribbon displacement; VSB cover removal, 12 non-captive fasteners + cover break 44 zenith

10 tubes Vs 6 lines: Lines 5 and 8 pass three times inside the box

5 nadir 1 5 8 7 5 3 8 6 8 VSB tubes cut: 6 tubes cuts (1,3,5,6,7,8), tubes OD=4mm Challenges: VSB tubes spacer removal non-captive fasteners removal; tubes identification, tube cut and swage-connect to UTTPS 45 cut 5 side to connect to UTTPS 8

zenith

10 tubes Vs 6 lines: Lines 5 and 8 pass three times inside the box

5 nadir 1 5 8 7 5 3 8 6 8 VSB tubes cut: 6 tubes cuts (1,3,5,6,7,8), 1 7 tubes OD=4mm 3 6 Challenges: VSB tubes spacer removal non-captive fasteners removal; tubes identification, tube cut and swage-connect to UTTPS 46 cut 5 side to connect to UTTPS 8

zenith

7

6 3 1 5 8 5 nadir 1 5 8 7 5 3 8 6 8 VSB tubes cut: 6 tubes cuts (1,3,5,6,7,8), 1 7 tubes OD=4mm 3 6 Challenges: VSB tubes spacer removal non-captive fasteners removal; tubes identification, tube cut and swage-connect to UTTPS 47 3 1 8 5 7 6

2 7 4 6 3 1 5 8

48 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020 Tracker Planes

TTCS

Tracker Thermal Control System, CO2 two-phase pumped loop

cut 5 8 6 7 1 3

0 PUMP

4 ACC HX TTCB 2 cut

Nadir tubes cuts Two tubes do not pass in the VSB, their access is more difficult 49 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020

Nadir tubes cut 50 Nadir tubes cut: 2 tubes (2,4), OD 4mm Challenges: difficult access, AMS-02 sensitive hardware nearby

Tubes cut

51 Nadir tubes cut: 2 tubes (2,4), OD 4mm Challenges: MLI open-cut, tubes cut and swage-connect to UTTPS

4

2

52 Nadir tubes cut: 2 tubes (2,4), OD 4mm Challenges: MLI open-cut, tubes cut and swage-connect to UTTPS AMS Power & Data

Tubes cut

53 Power

Data

UTTPS Data and Power connection 54 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020

PW Data VSB

TTCB

Nadir All details for TTCS Secondary Cooling Lines cut in a summary >300 pages extracted from AMS Integration Procedures and Photos archive 55 AMS 02

56 57 New box location UTTPS Debris shield

VSB Nadir Debris shield

Nadir EVA, access to AMS-02 58 EVA Extra Vehicular Activity tools

59 Like an inflated balloon, the fingers of the gloves resist the effort to bend them.

EMU 4.3 psi (0.3 bar), USA Orlan 5.8 psi (0.4 bar), Russia

Pure oxygen

The gloves are continuously checked by astronauts during the EVA to verify they are not damaged. Sharp edges of cut tubes are an issue.

Gloves are part of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Bulky gloves 60 Corrado GARGIULO, 6th May 2020

by Goddard Space Flight Center by (developer of Hubble repair tools) EVA TOOLS 29 new tools have been developed for the AMS-02 intervention Two NASA teams involved, 4 years of development Based on ground commercial off the shelf tools modified to be operated with the bulky EVA gloves and tested to extreme conditions. New handrails to be fixed to AMS-02 developed for Astronauts holding. 61 Luca Chris Drew Jeremy

NASA EVA and EVA tools teams , 4 Astronauts 62 Rough cut Welded side to the UTTPS

RED @CERN & NASA 7/8" 22mm if by NASA/APO, Jacobs, leak RWTH Aachen University, MIT, and HAKU

inside clean cut @NASA @CERN @CERN Side of cut tube insertion Space-TOOLS Vs ground-TOOLS 63 EVA training

64 ARGOS simulates reduced gravity environments, such as Lunar, Martian, or microgravity, using a system similar to an overhead bridge crane.

It uses computer controlled electric motors to drive motion in all axes. It is designed to accurately reproduce a microgravity environment. This means that a in any direction results in constant velocity motion until another force acts on the payload, which results in high fidelity testing and training. Capable of high accelerations and a top speed of 3m/sec react Astronaut movements ARGOS Used to develop tools and procedure: allow for astronauts training on Active Response Gravity detailed 1G mock-up (larger fidelity Offload System respect to the 0G mock-up in the NBL 65 AMS EVA training at the ARGOS 66 AMS-02 1-g mockup (under normal gravity) with high fidelity is used in the ARGOS facility to validate tools design and procedures

AMS-02 27 ARGOS Runs 1G MOCK-UP have been completed for the AMS-02 EVAs… 67 …Day and Night 68 AMS EVA Training at the Neutral Lab (NBL) NBL is a pool 62x31x12m (deep) operated by NASAs as astronaut training facility. AMS-02 0 -g mockup It contains full-scale mock-ups of International Space Station (ISS), as well as visiting vehicles such as (JAXA) HTV, the ESA ATV, the SpaceX Dragon, and the OSC Cygnus

69 Each NBL run consisted in having two astronauts in the pool, assisted by more than four divers, exercising the work on AMS, for six hours. While divers were on shifts, the two astronauts worked in the pool for six uninterrupted hours. In each run the two astronauts share the work in the pool and they alternate each other, meaning one does the job (EV1) and the other assists with tools (EV2) and vice versa.

AMS EVA Training at the Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL) 70 NBL Control Room

All the actions in the NBL pool are directed by the EVA lead and the EVA task lead that sit in a room upstairs, in front of nine screens each giving a different view of the astronauts in the pool. They are in loop voice contact with the astronauts. In the same room there are all the different team members, NASA EVA, NASA Tools, NASA AMS, …CERN AMS. 71 AMS EVAAMS Repair: EVA ARGOS training & NBL Runs ARGOSThru November 1, 2019NBL AMS EVA Repair ARGOS NBL Totals Crewmember EV1 EV1 EV2 Parmitano (EV1) 2 10 2 14 Morgan (EV2) 0 0 8 8 Cassidy (Ground IV) 15 13 1 29 Hansen (Ground IV) 2 1 8 11 Hopkins 4 2 6 12 Rubins 2 1 1 4 McClain 1 0 1 2 Others (1 Run Each) 1 7 7 15 72 Totals 27 34 34 95 EVA highlights

73 Cape Canaveral SpX-18 Tanegashima HTV-8 NG-12 Wallops Flight Facility Jul 25 Sep 24 Nov 2 tools tools UTTPS

DRAGON HTV CYGNUS FALCON 9 HII-B ANTARES

4 Successful Launches for the AMS EVAs 74 59S Drew Morgan of NASA, Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos, and of the ESA 75 Jul 20 launched on Soyuz 59S on July 20th and docked with ISS ~6.3 hours later. and Christina Koch US astronauts complete first all-women spacewalk. 76 50% pad 50% pad 50% pad 50%00:00 pad 01:00 02:0050% pad 03:00 50% pad 04:00 05:00 06:00 06:30 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:0000:00 04:0001:00 05:0002:00 06:0003:00 06:30 04:00 05:00 06:00 06:30 00:00 01:00 02:00 00:00 03:00 01:0000:00 04:0002:0001:00 03:0005:0002:00 04:0003:0006:00 06:30 05:0004:00 06:0005:00 06:30 06:00 06:30

SSRMS Debris Shield VSB Cover MLI / SSRMS SSRMS Egress SSRMS SetupDebris Shield VSB CoverDebris MLI / Shield Removal SSRMS Handrail Install Cleanup Ingress Egress SSRMS Setup Debris Shield Removal SSRMS TranslateSSRMSSSRMS Handrail Install CleanupDebris Shield Ingress VSBDebris JettisonCover Shield MLI /Debris Shield SSRMSVSBZip Tie Cover Removal MLI / VSB Cover MLI / TranslateSSRMS SSRMS SSRMS Egress SSRMS Setup EV1 Egress(0:15Egress) SSRMSSSRMS(0:45Debris Setup) Setup Shield Debris Shield Removal VSB Cover MLI / Debris ShieldDebris(2:30 )Removal ShieldSSRMS Removal Handrail Install HandrailCleanup(0:40 Install) Handrail Install Ingress Cleanup(0:30) Cleanup Ingress(0:30) Ingress Egress SSRMS Setup Translate Debris Shield Removal Translate Jettison (0:15HandrailTranslate) Install Zip Tie RemovalCleanup Jettison TranslateIngress (0:20) Jettison Translate (0:30 (0:15) Translate (0:15) (0:45) Translate (2:30) Jettison Translate (0:40) (0:30Translate) (0:30) Zip TieJettison Removal Zip Tie Removal) Zip Tie Removal Translate (0:15 (0:15) (0:45) (0:15(0:15) ) (0:45(0:45) ) (0:20) (2:30) Zip Tie Removal (2:30) (2:30) (0:15 (0:40) (0:40(0:30)) (0:40) (0:30) (0:30) (0:30) (0:30) (0:30) (0:15) (0:45) ) (2:30) (0:15) (0:15)(0:15(0:40) ) (0:30) (0:30) (0:20) ) (0:30) (0:20)(0:30) (0:20) (0:15) (0:30) (0:30) (0:15) (0:15) (0:15) (0:20) Retrieve Green(0:30 ) (0:15) Tool Setup / Prep for Debris Shield Handrail Install / Hardware

EVA 1 Egress Red Bag + APFR Setup GCA GCA ELC-2 Setup GCA Cleanup Ingress Retrieve Green Tool Setup / RetrievePrep for Green Debris Shield Handrail Install Retrieve/ BagHardware fromRetrieve Green A/L GreenTool Setup / Prep for Debris Shield HandrailToolTransfer Setup Install / Tool / Hardware SetupPrepJettison for / DebrisJettison Shield Handrail InstallPrep /Handrail Hardware Install / Hardware

EVA 1 Prep for Debris Shield EVA 1 (0:15) (0:15) (0:15) Egress Red Bag + APFR Setup GCA GCAEgress ELC-2 RedSetup Bag + APFRGCA SetupEVA 1 (0:15) GCA (1:00) GCA ELC-2 Setup GCA (0:30Cleanup) Ingress Cleanup Ingress (1:15) (0:30) Retrieve Green ToolEVA 1 SetupEgressEgress / PrepRed forRed BagDebris Bag + APFR +Shield APFR Setup Handrail Setup InstallGCA / HardwareGCA GCA GCAELC-2Jettison SetupELC-2 SetupJettisonGCA GCA (0:15) (0:20) Cleanup Cleanup Ingress Ingress EVA 1 BagJettison from A/L Jettison (0:30) Transfer (0:30Prep) (0:40) Egress Red Bag + APFR Setup GCA Bag from A/L GCA ELC-2 Setup GCA Transfer(0:15) (0:15) Prep Bag from(0:15)Bag A/L from A/L Cleanup TransferIngress TransferJettison JettisonJettison JettisonPrep Prep (0:15) (1:00) (0:15) Bag from A/L (0:15)(0:15) (0:30) (1:00)(0:15) Transfer(0:15) Jettison Jettison(1:00) Prep(0:15)(0:30(0:15)) (0:15) (0:15) (0:30(0:15)(1:15) ) (0:20)(0:15) (0:15) (0:30) (1:15) (0:30) (1:15) (0:30) (0:15) (1:00) (0:15) (0:30) (0:15) (0:30) (0:15) (0:15(0:30) ) (0:15)(0:30) (1:00(0:20)) (0:40) (0:30) (0:30) (1:15) (0:30) (0:30(0:30(0:40) ) ) (0:15) (0:20)(0:15) (0:20)(0:40) (1:15) (0:30) (0:30) (0:30) (0:15) (0:20) (0:40) (0:30) (0:30) (0:40) EV200:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 06:40 00:00 01:0000:00 02:0001:00 03:0002:00 04:0003:00 05:0004:00 06:0005:00 06:40 06:00 06:40 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:0000:00 04:0001:00 05:0002:00 06:0003:00 06:40 04:00 05:00 06:00 06:40 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 VSB06:40 SSRMS Data Cable SSRMS VSB SSRMS Egress Power Cable Prep MAD Install VSB CoverVSB Removal Cover ) Spacer VSB Tube Rough Cut VSB MLI Closeout Cleanup Ingress SSRMS Data CableTranslate SSRMS Prep Translate VSB VSB VSB SSRMS Translate SSRMS Data Cable SSRMS ) SSRMS VSB )

VSB (0:10 Removal SSRMS Data Cable SSRMSEgress Power Cable Prep VSBEgress(0:15 ) VSBMAD PowerInstall (0:40Cable) Prep VSB CoverMAD Removal(0:25 Install) Cover VSB CoverSpacer(1:00 Removal ) VSBJettisonSSRMSCover Tube RoughVSB CutSpacer VSB VSB VSBMLI CloseoutTube(1:20 Rough) Cleanup Cut VSBIngress MLI(0:30 Closeout) Cleanup(0:15) Ingress(0:30) SSRMS ) Data Cable SSRMS SSRMS

) SSRMS Data Cable SSRMS Translate PrepTranslate(0:15) Translate (0:20Prep) Translate(0:15) SSRMS Cut Depress Translate Translate(0:15) ) Spacer (0:15) Egress Power Cable Prep MAD Install (0:15 VSB Cover Removal(0:40 EgressCover (0:25 Power Cable Prep VSB Tube(1:00 RoughMAD Cut Install Jettison VSB(0:10 MLIRemoval CloseoutVSB CoverCleanup Removal (1:20 CoverIngress(0:15 ) Spacer (0:30 VSB(0:15 Tube Rough Cut (0:30 VSB MLI Closeout Cleanup Ingress Egress Translate Power Cable Prep Prep MAD Install Translate ) VSB Cover Removal ) Cover(0:15 ) Spacer ) (0:40) VSB Tube Rough Cut)(0:25) VSB MLI Closeout(1:00Cleanup) TranslateJettisonIngress ) (0:10 Removal ) (1:20) ) (0:30) ) (0:15) (0:30) (0:15) (0:20Translate)Translate (0:15) Prep Translate Cut Depress VSB (0:15) Translate

(0:15) (0:20) (0:15) Cut Depress (0:15) Translate Prep Translate Jettison (0:10 Removal (0:15) (0:15) Translate ELC-2 (0:10 Removal (0:15) (0:40) (0:25) (1:00) (0:15) (0:40) (1:20) (0:25) (0:30) (1:00Prep(0:15) for) (0:15) Jettison) (0:15(0:30 ) ) (1:20) (0:30) (0:15) (0:30)

Jettison (0:10 Removal (0:15) (0:40) (0:25) (1:00) EVA 2 Egress to Power & Data Cable (1:20Prep) MAD Install GCA (0:30VSB) Cover Tools(0:15) Cover (0:30) VSB Hardware Prep / Rough Cut Cleanup Ingress (0:15) (0:20) (0:15) Translate Cut Depress VSB (0:15) Translate(0:15 ) (0:20) (0:15) VSB Cut Depress (0:15)

(0:15) (0:20) (0:15) ELC-2 (0:15)Cut Depress (0:15) Jettison(0:15) (0:15) ELC-2Setup Prep for ) (0:15) (0:15) Prep for )

EVA 2 (0:15 Worksite ) GCA (0:15) Jettison (0:10 Egress to Power &EVA 2 Data(0:15 Cable) Prep MAD Install (0:45) VSB Cover Tools(0:25) Cover (0:45) VSB Hardware Prep / Rough Cut (1:35) Cleanup Ingress (1:00) (0:30) Translate EgressVSB Translateto Power & Data Cable Prep MAD Install JettisonGCA VSB Cover Tools (0:15) Cover VSB VSB Hardware Prep / Rough Cut Cleanup Ingress Translate ELC-2 Setup VSB (0:15) Jettison Cut Depress Prep for Setup) ELC-2 (0:15) Prep(0:15) for ) (0:15 Worksite (0:45 (0:25 (0:15) (0:45 Jettison (0:10 (1:35 (1:00 (0:30

ELC-2 ) ) ) ) ) (0:10 ) )

EVA 2 Prep for Worksite) (0:15) Jettison Egress to Power & Data Cable Prep MAD Install GCA VSB Cover Tools EVA 2 (0:15Egress)Cover to PowerVSB(0:45 & Data Hardware) Cable Prep Prep / Rough(0:25MAD) Cut Install(0:15) GCA (0:45VSB) CoverCleanup Tools CoverIngress (1:35VSB) Hardware Prep / Rough Cut (1:00) Cleanup (0:30) Ingress

EVA 2 Egress to Power & Data Cable Prep MAD Install GCA VSB Cover Tools(0:15) Cover VSB Hardware Prep / Rough Cut Cut Depress Cleanup (0:15) Ingress SetupSetup (0:15) JettisonJettison (0:15) (0:15Setup) (0:15) (0:15)Jettison Cut Depress

(0:10 (0:15) Worksite (0:45) (0:25) (0:15) (0:45) (0:15Jettison) Worksite (0:45) (1:35) (0:25) (0:15) (0:45(1:00) ) Jettison(0:30 ) (0:10 (1:35) (1:00) (0:30) (0:15) Worksite (0:45) (0:25) (0:15) (0:45) (0:15)Jettison (0:10 (1:35) (1:00) (0:15)(0:30)

Depress Cut Depress (0:15) (0:15) (0:15) Cut Depress (0:15)(0:15) (0:15) 00:00(0:15) (0:15)Cut Depress (0:15) 01:00 02:00 03:00 (0:15) 04:00 05:00 06:00 06:40 00:00 01:0000:00 02:0001:00 03:0002:00 04:0003:00 05:0004:00 06:0005:00 06:40 06:00 06:40 Open 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:0000:00 Inchworm UTTPS SSRMS 04:0001:00UTTPS Pwr / Data SSRMS 05:0002:00 06:0003:00 06:40SSRMS 04:00Nadir MLI Nadir Nadir Tube Nadir Tube 05:00Clean Cut and SSRMS 06:00 06:40 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 Egress Open 04:00 Refill 05:00 VSB Tube Clean06:00 Cut and Swage 06:40 Rough Cleanup Ingress Inchworm UTTPS SSRMS UTTPS SSRMSTranslate Cbl Install Open Translate SSRMS Nadir MLI Nadir TranslateNadir Tube Clean Cut andNadir Routing SSRMS Translate PwrInchworm / Datato ESP-2 UTTPS SSRMS UTTPSInstall Pwr / Data SSRMS Nadir Tube SSRMS NadirRemoval MLI Cut Nadir Tube Nadir TubeSwage Clean Cut and SSRMS Egress Egress(0:15) Refill VSBValveRefill Tube Clean Cut and Swage VSB Tube Clean(2:00 Cut) and Swage Rough Rough Cleanup Ingress Cleanup(0:20) Ingress(0:30) to ESP-2 Translate Install Cbl Installto(0:30 ESP-2) TranslateTranslate(0:15) Install(0:20) Cbl(0:15) Install Translate(0:15) Translate Removal Routing Translate(0:15) SwageRemoval(0:20) (0:10) Routing(0:20) Translate Swage(0:40) Translate(0:15) Open (0:15) Valve Valve(0:10) Open(2:00 ) Cut Cut (0:20) Nadir (0:30) Inchworm UTTPS SSRMS UTTPS Open SSRMS (0:15) (0:15) (0:15)Inchworm UTTPS(0:15 ) SSRMS SSRMSUTTPS Nadir PwrNadir MLI / Data Nadir SSRMS Nadir Tube Clean Cut and(2:00 (0:15) ) SSRMS (0:20) SSRMS Nadir MLI (0:15) Nadir Tube Nadir Tube(0:20 Clean) Cut and (0:30) SSRMS Inchworm UTTPS SSRMS UTTPS Pwr /Pwr Data / Data SSRMS (0:30) (0:20) (0:30(0:10)) Translate(0:15SSRMS) (0:20Nadir) MLI(0:15) Nadir(0:15 Tube)Nadir Nadir Tube Tube Clean Cut and SSRMS(0:20 ) (0:10) (0:15) (0:40(0:20) ) (0:10)Nadir (0:20) (0:40) (0:15) EgressEgress Refill Refill VSB TubeVSB CleanTube CleanCut and Cut Swage Egressand SwageInchworm UTTPS UTTPS Rough(0:10) RoughRefill CleanupVSB TubeCleanup Clean Cut and SwageIngress Ingress Prep Nadir Nadir TubeRough Nadir Tube Clean Cut and Cleanup Ingress EVA 3 Egress Translateto Prep forCbl Swage Install GCA Translate VSB Tube Clean Cut and Swage GCA Translate Routing Cleanup IngressTranslate to ESP-2to ESP-2 TranslateTranslate InstallInstallCbl InstallCbl Install TranslateTranslate Translate to ESP-2 TranslateTranslate TranslateRemovalInstall Removal Routing Routing Swage Swage Translate TranslateNadir RoughRemoval Cut Swage (0:15(0:15) ) ValveValve Inchworm UTTPS (2:00) (2:00)UTTPS(0:15 ) Inchwormto ESP-2 UTTPS UTTPSInstall Cut CutValve (0:20) (0:20(2:00Prep) )Nadir (0:30)Nadir (0:30Tube ) Nadir TubePrep CleanTools Nadir Cut andNadir NadirRouting Tube Nadir TubeSwage Clean Cut and (0:20) (0:30) EVA 3 Egress to (0:15 Prep for Swage GCAWorksite (0:25VSB(0:15) Tube Clean(0:15) Cut and Swage (2:00GCA Rough (0:15) Cut Cleanup (0:20)Ingress (0:35 (0:30 (0:15) EVA 3 ) (0:15) ) (0:15(0:20)) ) (0:15) ) ) (0:15) (0:30(0:30) ) (0:15(0:15) ) (0:20(0:20) ) (0:15) (0:15)(0:15) to ESP-2 InstallEgress (0:30) to (0:15) (0:15(0:20(0:20) ))Prep(0:20 for(0:10) Swage) (0:10)(0:10)(0:20)GCA (0:40) (0:40VSB) Tube Clean Cut and(0:15 SwageTools) (0:15) Routing GCA Swage Rough (0:20(0:20)) (0:10) (0:40Cleanup) Ingress (0:10)(0:10) to(0:30 ESP-2) (0:15) Install(0:20) Cut Tools(0:20) (0:10) Routing Swage(0:40) (0:15) Worksite (0:15) (0:25) (0:15)WorksiteTranslate (0:25) (0:15)(2:00) (2:00(0:15)) (0:15) Cut (0:35) (0:30) (0:35) (0:30) TranslateTranslate (0:30) (0:20) Nadir Nadir (0:20) (0:10) (0:20) (0:40) (0:20) Nadir InchwormInchworm UTTPS UTTPS UTTPSUTTPS (0:15) Inchworm(0:30) UTTPS (0:15) (0:20PrepUTTPS) NadirPrep Nadir Nadir TubeNadir Nadir Tube Tube Nadir Clean Tube Cut Clean and Cut and (0:20) (0:10)Prep Nadir Nadir(0:40 Tube) Nadir Tube Clean Cut and

EVA 3

EVA 3 EVA 3 EgressEgress to to PrepPrep for Swage for SwageGCA GCA VSB TubeVSB CleanTube CleanCut and Cut Swage Egressand Swage GCAto GCA PrepRough for SwageRough GCA VSBCleanup Tube CleanCleanup Cut and SwageIngress Ingress GCA Rough Cleanup Ingress to ESP-2to ESP-2 InstallInstall to ESP-2 InstallTools Tools Routing Routing Swage Swage Tools Routing Swage WorksiteWorksite (0:15)(0:15) 00:00 (0:15) Worksite(0:15)01:00 (0:15) Cut (0:25)Cut 02:00(0:15) 03:00 (2:00) 04:00 (0:15) 05:00Cut 05:30 06:00 06:30(0:35) 06:50 (0:30) (0:15(0:15) ) (0:25)(0:25) (2:00) (2:00) (0:30) (0:20) (0:20) (0:20) (0:35) (0:35) (0:30) (0:30) (0:20) (0:20) (0:40) (0:30(0:30) ) (0:15)(0:15) (0:20(0:20) ) 00:00 01:0000:00 02:00(0:15)01:00 (0:20) (0:20(0:10)) (0:10) 03:0002:00 (0:40) (0:40) 04:0003:00 05:0004:00 05:30 06:0005:00(0:10) 06:3005:30 06:50 06:00 06:30 06:50 Nadir Open Mudflap Install, SSRMS Nadir Blanket SSRMS SSRMS SSRMS Nadir Egress Leak Open VSB Leak Check Accu Mudflap MLIInstall, Tent Install Shower Cap Cleanup SSRMS Deconfig Ingress 00:00 01:00 02:00 SSRMS Nadir03:00 Blanket00:00 SSRMS Translate Nadir 04:00Install 01:00Translate SSRMSOpen05:00 02:00 05:30 Translate06:00SSRMSMudflap 03:00 Install, 06:30 06:50 Translate 04:00 05:00 05:30 06:00 06:30 06:50 00:00 01:00 02:00 Egress Leak 03:00 (0:15) SSRMSVSB Leak Check NadirAccu Blanket04:00 MLISSRMS Tent Install (0:30) m Shower05:00 Cap(0:45 ) Cleanup05:30SSRMS Remove06:00SSRMS Deconfig(0:3006:30) SSRMSIngress06:50 (0:45) (0:30) Translate Install TranslateEgress (0:15) Leak (0:20) (0:15) VSB Leak CheckTranslateAccu MLI Tent Install (0:15)TranslateShower Cap Cleanup (0:15) SSRMS Deconfig Ingress Check Translate (0:15) mInstall Translate Valve Remove Translate Translate (0:15) (0:20) (0:15) (0:30)Check (0:45) (0:30) m (0:45) (0:30) Remove(0:30) (0:45) (0:30) (0:30) (0:45) (0:30) (0:15) (0:15) (0:15) Translate(0:15) Nadir Valve(0:20) (0:15) (0:15)Hardw (0:15) (0:15) Mudflap Install, (0:15) NadirNadir Open Open MudflapMudflap Install, Install, (0:15)Nadir Nadir Blanket Valve Open(0:30 ) (0:30) EVA 4 SSRMS Nadir Blanket SSRMS SSRMS SSRMS SSRMSSSRMS NadirNadir Blanket Blanket SSRMS SSRMS Translate NadirSSRMS SSRMS Egress Translateto NadirLeak HardwSSRMSSSRMS GCA VSB Leak Check Hardware MLI Tent Install GCA MLI Assist Cleanup Ingress EgressEgress LeakLeak VSB VSBLeak Leak Check CheckAccu Accu MLI TentMLI InstallTent Install Nadir BlanketShower ShowerEgress Cap Cap CleanupLeakCleanup Install SSRMSSSRMS VSBDeconfig Leak Deconfig Check AccuIngress IngressMLI Tent Install Shower Cap Cleanup SSRMS Deconfig Ingress EVA 4 Egress to Leak (0:15GCA) WorksiteVSBTranslate Leak Check Nadirare BlanketInstall MLI(0:15) TranslateTent Install (0:30) GCA PrepMLI Assist (0:45) (0:15)CleanupTranslate(0:15) (1:45Ingress) Translate (0:30) Translate InstallInstall Translate Translate EVA 4 Egress to Leak Translate GCA VSB Leak Check are MLI Tent Install GCA MLI Assist Cleanup Ingress (0:15) TranslateCheck Translate (0:30) m (0:45) TranslateInstall Remove(0:15) (0:30Check) (0:20) Translate (0:45) (0:30) m (0:30 ) (0:45) Remove (0:30) (0:45) (0:30) (0:15) Check (0:20) (0:30) m (0:15) (0:45Worksite) Check (0:15)Remove(0:15)(0:15(0:30) )(0:15) (0:30Prep) Install(0:20) (0:45(0:15) ) (0:45(0:15)) (0:10)(0:15) (0:30) (1:45(0:15) ) (0:30) (0:15) (0:15(0:15) ) (0:15) (0:20) (0:15(0:15) ) Valve (0:15) (0:15(0:20)) (0:15) Worksite Check(0:15) (0:15) (0:15(0:15)) (0:30) Prep Valve (0:45) (0:15) (0:15) (1:45) (0:30) (0:15) Valve (0:15) (0:15) (0:30) (0:30 (0:10)(0:20) (0:30) Translate Nadir Hardw ) (0:15)Translate (0:15)Nadir (0:10) Hardw Translate NadirNadir Blanket Hardw Nadir Blanket

EVA 4 EVA 4 Egress to Leak Nadir BlanketGCA VSB Leak Check are MLI Tent Install GCA MLI Assist00:00Egress to Leak Cleanup01:00 GCA VSB Leak Check02:00areIngress MLI Tent Install 03:00 GCA MLI Assist 04:00 Cleanup 05:00 05:30 Ingress EVA 4 Egress to Leak Install GCA VSB Leak Check are MLI Tent Install GCA MLI Assist InstallCleanup Ingress Worksite Check Install (0:15) Prep 00:00 (0:15) (0:15)01:0000:00 (0:15) Worksite Check 02:0001:00 (0:15) (0:30) 03:0002:00Prep (0:45) 04:0003:00(0:15) (0:15) 05:0004:00 05:30(1:45) 05:00 05:30 (0:30) (0:15(0:15) ) Worksite Check (0:20) (0:15) (0:30)(0:30) Prep (0:45)(0:45) (0:15) (0:15) = SSRMS-based RED text(1:45(0:20) = )1 or(1:45 fewer) data points =Get Ahead(0:30 on previous) (0:30 EVA) (0:15) (0:15) (0:20) (0:10) (0:15) (0:15) (0:10) (0:15) (0:15) (0:10) = SSRMS-based RED text = 1 or fewer= dataSSRMS-based points RED=Get textAhead = 1 onor fewerprevious data EVA points =Get Ahead on previous EVA

00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 05:30 00:0000:00 01:0001:00 02:0002:00 03:00 03:00 04:00 04:00 05:00 05:00 05:30 05:30 = SSRMS-based RED text = 1 or fewer data points =Get Ahead on previous EVA = SSRMS-based RED text = 1 or fewer data points =Get Ahead on previous EVA = SSRMS-based RED text = 1 or fewer data points =Get Ahead on previous EVA Nominal Planned Timelines EVA1-EVA2- EVA3- EVA4 77 at the to support egress and ingress of Luca and Drew

Jessica and Christina

at the robotics workstation controlling the Canadarm2 robotic arm to support the AMS-02 spacewalks Egress / Ingress / SSRMS translate 78 79 80 EVA 1 Debris shield removal

81 ISS, EVA1, 13 November 2019, duration 6h 36 min

EVA 1 Debris shield removal 82 83 84 ISS, EVA1, 13 November 2020, duration 6h 36 min

the debris shield will tumble back to earth over ~1 year and burn up in the atmosphere 85 Samuel Ting

astronaut Mission Control Center NASA and AMS team guide astronauts

CERN POCC 86 Mission Control Center Replica of the hardware astronauts will work with, available in case of need of simulation on ground 87 Mission Control Center 88 Astronauts send down to MCC few hundreds photos that are analysed and matched with documentation from AMS-02 integration and 3D cad pictures. The processed information is sent back to astronauts and loaded on their “tablet” to support the next EVA EVA 2 Depressurization and tubes rough cut

89 EVA 2 Depressurization and rough cut 90 91 ISS, EVA2, 22 November 2019, duration 6h 33 min

14:50, First cut 1st cut 2nd cut 15:30 Second cut 0 0

92 ISS, EVA2, 22 November 2020, duration 6h 33 min 93 94 ISS, EVA2, 22 November 2020, duration 6h 33 min

95 EVA 3 UTTPS installation and tubes clean cut an swage connection

96 97 98 ISS, EVA3, 2 December 2019, duration 6h 03 min

99 ISS, EVA3, 2 December 2019, duration 6h 03 min 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 EVA 4 Visual leak check and pump switch ON AMS-02 switch ON

107 108 ISS, EVA4, 25 Jan 2020

Luca: “I have RED showing for number 5” Following procedures, Luca tightened the connection (1/8 turn) once, and reset the Visual Leak Indicator. At the check, one hour later, it was still showing RED Luca tightened the connection a second time, and start to prepare for a risky re cut and rework of the connection When he went to check again about one hour later… 109 Luca: “No RED!!!!” After the 8 leak checks were successfully completed, (none except n.5 showed a leak) a hand operated valve was opened to fill the system with 1.3 kg CO2 (mostly the accumulator 2/3 of the entire system volume). The pump system was switched ON. CO2 was circulated through the first pump also equipped with a larger filter that allowed for the cleaning of the cooling circuit. All the pumps were then tested one after the other.

At noon on 27 January, all the detector’s subsystems were sending data back 110 an enormous thanks to the EVA crew and to the NASA teams

On ground the upgrade of the cooling system would have been a complex intervention, in space it has represented a unique extraordinary challenge, extreme by the fact that AMS-02 was never designed to be serviced, once installed on the Station. 111 112