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Terrorist and Organized Crime Groups in the Tri-Border Area (Tba) of South America

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Terrorist and Organized Crime Groups in the Tri-Border Area (Tba) of South America TERRORIST AND ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS IN THE TRI-BORDER AREA (TBA) OF SOUTH AMERICA A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the Director of Central Intelligence Crime and Narcotics Center July 2003 Author: Rex Hudson Project Manager: Glenn Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ p 55 Years of Service to the Federal Government p 1948 – 2003 Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Tri-Border Area (TBA) PREFACE This report assesses the activities of organized crime groups, terrorist groups, and narcotics traffickers in general in the Tri-Border Area (TBA) of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, focusing mainly on the period since 1999. Some of the related topics discussed, such as governmental and police corruption and anti-money-laundering laws, may also apply in part to the three TBA countries in general in addition to the TBA. This is unavoidable because the TBA cannot be discussed entirely as an isolated entity. Based entirely on open sources, this assessment has made extensive use of books, journal articles, and other reports available in the Library of Congress collections. It is based in part on the author’s earlier research paper entitled “Narcotics-Funded Terrorist/Extremist Groups in Latin America” (May 2002). It has also made extensive use of sources available on the Internet, including Argentine, Brazilian, and Paraguayan newspaper articles. One of the most relevant Spanish-language sources used for this assessment was Mariano César Bartolomé’s paper entitled Amenazas a la seguridad de los estados: La triple frontera como ‘área gris’ en el cono sur americano [Threats to the Security of States: The Triborder as a ‘Grey Area’ in the Southern Cone of South America] (2001). The selective bibliography includes books, journal articles, and other reports. Newspaper and magazine articles are footnoted. This report also includes an appendix containing brief profiles of six alleged operatives of Islamic fundamentalist groups in the TBA and a diagram of drug-trafficking routes in the region. i Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Tri-Border Area (TBA) TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................... i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................1 Islamic Terrorist Groups and Activities in the Tri-Border Area (TBA)....................................1 Organized Crime Groups and Activities in the TBA.................................................................2 Efforts to Counter the Use of the TBA by Organized Crime and Terrorist Groups..................3 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................4 GEOGRAPHY, SOCIETY, AND ECONOM Y ........................................................................6 Geography..................................................................................................................................6 Ciudad del Este....................................................................................................................6 Foz do Iguaçu ......................................................................................................................7 Puerto Iguazú.......................................................................................................................7 Society........................................................................................................................................8 The General Population of the TBA.....................................................................................8 Muslim Population...............................................................................................................9 Economy ..................................................................................................................................10 ILLICIT ACTIVITIES BY ISLAMIC TERRORIST GROUPS IN THE TB A ...................12 Background..............................................................................................................................12 The Islamic Terrorist Presence in the TBA, 1999-June 2003..................................................14 Terrorist Fund-Raising in the TBA..........................................................................................24 Narcotics Trafficking .........................................................................................................24 Other Fund-Raising Activities ...........................................................................................26 TBA-Related Violence Against Local Officials......................................................................31 Clandestine Terrorist Communications in the TBA ................................................................33 TBA-Linked Islamic Terrorist Activities Elsewhere in the Southern Cone............................35 Chuy, Uruguay, and Chuí, Brazil ......................................................................................36 Iquique, Chile.....................................................................................................................37 OTHER ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES IN THE T B A . ..............................................37 Indigenous Organized Crime Groups ......................................................................................38 Argentina............................................................................................................................38 Paraguay............................................................................................................................39 Non-Indigenous Organized Crime Groups..............................................................................40 The Chinese........................................................................................................................41 The Colombians .................................................................................................................45 The Russians ......................................................................................................................46 TBA-Related Governmental Corruption..................................................................................47 Argentina............................................................................................................................47 Brazil..................................................................................................................................48 Paraguay............................................................................................................................49 Money Laundering...................................................................................................................51 iii Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Tri-Border Area (TBA) TBA in General ..................................................................................................................51 Ciudad del Este..................................................................................................................53 Foz do Iguaçu ....................................................................................................................54 Other Organized Crime Activities in the TBA ........................................................................56 Automobile Smuggling.......................................................................................................56 Counterfeiting and Piracy of Products..............................................................................57 Argentina and Brazil....................................................................................................57 Paraguay.......................................................................................................................58 Internet Crime....................................................................................................................60 COMBATING ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST GROUPS IN THE T B A .........60 Security Forces.........................................................................................................................61 Argentina............................................................................................................................61 Brazil..................................................................................................................................63 Paraguay............................................................................................................................66 The TBA’s Immigration Control Problem...............................................................................67 CONCLUDING POINTS ...........................................................................................................68 The TBA as a Haven and Base for Islamic Terrorist Groups..................................................68 The TBA as a Center for Organized Crime .............................................................................69 Efforts to Counter Organized Crime and Terrorism in the TBA.............................................70
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