DOCSLIB.ORG

Download (Pdf)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download (Pdf) TRIBUS SONDERBAND / SPECIAL EDITION I PERSPECTIVES ON THE INCA I 2015 TRIBUS SONDERBAND / SPECIAL EDITION PERSPECTIVES ON THE INCA I 2015 International Symposium from March 3rd to March 5th, 2014. Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde In Cooperation With Sponsored by Stuttgart 2015 Publisher Linden-Museum Stuttgart, Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde Hegelplatz 1, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany Editors Monica Barnes, Inés de Castro, Javier Flores Espinoza, Doris Kurella, Karoline Noack Cover Orejón. Inca-Culture, 13th to 16th century A.D. Linden-Museum Stuttgart, Inv.Nr. 119159. Photo: Anatol Dreyer. Book Design GZD Media, Renningen Printer Designpress, Renningen ISSN 0082-6413 Table of Contents 9 SONDERBAND / SPECIAL EDITION 10 Prólogo 12 Introduction 16 Karoline Noack Buscando un Inca de aquí y de allá. Los incas de nuestro tiempo, Alemania y Lima, Perú 38 Stefanie Gänger Collecting Inca Antiquities. Antiquarianism and the Inca Past in 19th Century Cusco 50 Manuela Fischer The Inca Collection at the Ethnologisches Museum Berlin. Genesis and Contexts 64 Ann H. Peters Visions of the Inca Dynasty. Narrative Styles, Emblematic Dress and the Power of Ancestors 88 Monica Barnes How Did Huánuco Pampa Become a Ruin? From Thriving Settlement to Disappearing Walls 110 Kylie E. Quave I R. Alan Covey The Material Remains of Inca Power among Imperial Heartland Communities 128 César W. Astuhuamán Gonzáles The Inca Takeover of the Ancient Centers in the Highlands of Piura 152 David Oshige Adams Las motivaciones económicas y religiosas de la expansión incaica hacia la cuenca del lago Titicaca 166 Constanza Ceruti Inca Offerings Associated with the Frozen Mummies from Mount Llullaillaco 180 Steve Kosiba Tracing the Inca Past. Ritual Movement and Social Memory in the Inca Imperial Capital 208 Brian S. Bauer I David A. Reid The Situa Ritual of the Inca. Metaphor and Performance of the State 226 Steven A. Wernke Building Tension. Dilemmas of the Built Environment through Inca and Spanish Rule 252 Donato Amado Gonzáles Sistema de tenencia de tierras de ayllus y panacas incas en el valle del Cusco, siglos XVI-XVII 268 Kerstin Nowack What Would Have Happened after the Inca Civil War? 10 PRÓLOGO El Linden-Museum Stuttgart, Museo Estatal de Antropología del Estado de Baden-Württemberg, Alemania, fue fundado en 1911 bajo el nombre de su fundador, el Conde Karl von Linden. Su prominente colección al- berga aproxidamente 160.000 objetos procedentes de las Américas, de Africa, del Oriente islámico, de Asia del Sur y Este y de Ocenía. Su colec- ción de piezas del Perú prehispánico es excepcional. En la ciudad internacional de Stuttgart, el Linden-Museum es lugar de diálogo y de educación multicultural. Durante los meses de invierno una exposición especial importante sobre un tema antropológico o ar- queológico atrae mumerosos visitantes de todas partes de Alemania y de paises lindantes. Algunas de estas exposiciones son financiadas por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Investigación y Arte, las así llamadas “Gran Ex- posiciones del Estado de Baden-Württemberg”. El Linden-Museum Stuttgart dedicó la Gran Exposición del Estado de Baden-Württemberg “Los Incas–reyes de los Andes” a una de las gran- des culturas de la América precolombina, que fue presentada del 12. de octubre de 2013 al 16 de marzo de 2014. La cultura incaica creó el mayor imperio en el continente americano antes de la llegada de los españo- les y juega hasta el día de hoy un papel preponderante como aporte de identidad en el área andina. Pese que la denominación “Inca” se encu- entra de modo omnipresente en prospectos de viaje, publicidad o como atracción para los millones de turistas en Macchu Picchu, nuestros conocimientos sobre esta considerable cultura no son profundos. La exposición “Los Incas–reyes de los Andes” que fue efectuada en cooperación con la Sala de Exhibiciones Lokschuppen de Rosenheim, mostró una gran variedad de objetos incaicos no presentados ante- riormente, procedentes de colecciones europeas en combinación con piezas perservadas en instituciones peruanas. La exposición contribuyó notablemente a la comprensión de esta cultura tanto para los expertos como para los visitantes. 11 Nuestros conocimientos sobre la cultura incaica se basan ante todo en Esta conferencia no hubiera sido posible sin el generoso apoyo de la las crónicas de los conquistadores españoles: informes de conquista, Ernst von Siemens-Kunststiftung y de la Deutsche Altamerika Stiftung. cartas de reclamación y crónicas, así como estadísticas realizadas sobre Agradecemos mucho este apoyo importante. el imperio incaico, que contienen diferentes informaciones, dependien- do de la intención del autor. No pueden esperarse informes oficiales Además, quisiera expresar mi sincero agradecimiento a todo el equipo prehispánicos de una cultura sin escritura. La codificación de la infor- del Linden-Museum por la organización de la conferencia “New Perspec- mación sobre cordones de nudo o textiles no ha podido ser descifrada tives on the Inca” y en especial a la Dra. Doris Kurella, encargada del hasta el momento. Textos de nobles incaicos, como el informe famoso departamento de Latinoamérica, por haber tomado el papel de cura- de Guaman Poma de Ayala de 1615, que con sus dibujos pinta la vida dora de la exhibición “Los Incas–reyes de los Andes”, perfecta base de incaica, también deben observarse críticamente, pues siendo hijo de discusión para la conferencia. una familia indígena noble, él poseía un enfoque muy personal y limitado. Agradezco también al grupo encargado de la redacción de esta publi- Durante las últimas décadas, importantes proyectos arqueológicos con- cación. tribuyeron esencialmente a la comprensión de la cultura incaica, espe- cialmente en el valle de Cusco y en las regiones lindantes. Éstos ayudan a definir el comienzo de la cultura y a entender su transformación hacia el imperio. Prof. Dr. Inés de Castro El gran desafío de la investigación actual es reconocer similitudes o diferencias entre las fuentes etnohistóricas y los nuevos resultados arqueológicos. La conferencia internacional “New Perspectives on the Inca”, que tuvo lugar en el Linden-Museum del 3 al 5 de marzo de 2014, tenía como meta presentar y discutir estos nuevos hallazgos. En cooperación con el Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología Cultural de la Universidad de Bonn, reconocidos expertos internacionales y jóvenes científicos se reunieron en Stuttgart para intercambiar ideas y conocimientos sobre los Incas. Sus contribuciones se encuentran en esta publicación que apaece como suplemento de nuestra revista anual Tribus. Deseo agradecer a todos estos autores por haber compartido sus co- nocimientos con nosotros. La conferencia y esta publicación retoman varios aspectos de nuestra exposición “Los Incas–reyes de los Andes” y contribuyen considerablemente a la comprensión de la cultura incaica. 12 INTRODUCTION DORIS KURELLA The papers in this volume were written in conjunction with a major ex- The Inca exhibit was very well received by our visitors. Not only visitor hibition, “The Incas–Kings of the Andes”. This exhibition was developed numbers–together with our second venue in Rosenheim we reached by a team from the Linden-Museum, to show Inca culture in a very broad more than 250,000–but also the comments of the public and the media perspective. The “Introduction” to the exhibition first provided informa- were extremely positive. The many topics we raised within the exhibit, tion on the geography and climate of the central Andes. Next, we gave presented within a clear and easy to understand framework, in combina- visitors a temporal and spatial framework through an interactive map. Im- tion with a selection of exquisite objects, lead to that enormous success. portant occurrences within the central Andes were compared with those A very warm thank you goes out to all our partners, who were very gen- of the rest of the world. The exhibit then introduced Andean cultures by erous with respect to lending objects for the exhibition. presenting the Incas’ predecessors, the Tiwanaku and Wari cultures. The Chimú culture was presented in the following small module. The next The Education Department of the Linden-Museum developed a special topic was the many aspects of camelid domestication. Then the exhibi- guide for children. A cut-out of a chasqui (messenger), sometimes ac- tion dealt with Inca origins and contrasted one of their most important companied by a llama, took the children through the exhibit. Our special myths with the newest insights archaeology has provided on that topic. “tambo for kids” with different suggested activities was intensely visi- Following that, “Cusco–City of Kings” was offered to visitors. Here, we ted–and not only by kids. focused on the life of the nobility and how their status was presented to the people. Uncus (men’s tunics) with their geometric and symbolic The exhibition as a whole was based on the decades-long work and tocapu designs, gold jewelry, a golden ear spool, and very elaborate chus- the many publications of colleagues from universities and museums in pas (coca bags) brought together from Europe and Peru impressed visi- Peru, the United States, and Europe. In this respect, it was an enormous tors. The Temple of the Sun, where we showed beautiful stone vessels, pleasure to develop the idea of our director to organize a symposium in was dedicated to the topic of religion. This formed the end of the “City of conjunction with the show. To invite to Stuttgart colleagues who have Kings” module. The public was then guided to pay a visit to Machu Picchu contributed so much and have had such important insights into Inca was and consider the topic of Inca royal estates. The second major part of a great opportunity. For us, it was wonderful to welcome some of the au- the exhibit, “The Life of the Conquered People and the Organization of thors whose books I, as a curator, relied on heavily, and for my colleagues the Empire” began with the topic of war and conquest, and also covered it was a good opportunity to see the exhibition and exchange ideas and the administration of the Inca empire.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Curriculum Vitae January 2019
    Curriculum Vitae January 2019 Jane E. Buikstra Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change Rm 233, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402 Phone: 480-965-6931 • Fax: 480-965-7671 • [email protected] EDUCATION DePauw University, B.A. (Anthropology) 1967 University of Chicago, M.A. (Anthropology) 1969 University of Chicago, Ph.D. (Anthropology) 1972 HONORS AND AWARDS: McMahan Scholar, Alpha Lambda Delta, 1963-1967 DePauw University Phi Beta Kappa, DePauw University 1967 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship 1967-1970 Student Advisory Board, Teaching Award, 1981 Northwestern University National Academy of Sciences, elected 1987 Gerrit Heinrich Kroon Memorial Lecture, University of Amsterdam 1988 Harold H. Swift, Distinguished Service Professor 1989-1995 University of Chicago National Association of Student Anthropologists, AAA, 1991 Service Award Sherwood Washburn Memorial Lecture, University of 1993 California, Berkeley, Department of Anthropology Distinguished Professor of Anthropology 1995-2000 University of New Mexico (UNM) Loren Eiseley Society Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania 1997, 2018 Museum of Anthropology Leslie Spier Distinguished Professor of Anthropology 2001-2005 University of New Mexico UNM General Library Award for Research Achievement 2002 George E. Burch Fellow in Theoretic Medicine and 2003-2007 Affiliated Sciences at the Smithsonian Institution Annual Research Lecturer, University of New Mexico 2003 Pomerance Award for Scientific Contributions to Archaeology, Archaeological Institute of America 2005
    [Show full text]
  • Galápagos: + Peru's Land of the Inca
    voyaging to galápagos voyaging to galápagos Galápagos: + Peru’s Land of the Inca > ITINERARY – 16 DAYS/15 NIGHTS, Departing EVery Friday ABOARD POLARIS Thematically, one might ask why Day 1 through Day 8: The afternoon is free to explore the Val- connect a visit to Peru with an expe- As per the Galápagos itinerary. ley on your own. (B,L,D) dition to Galápagos? We have two answers: as magnificent as Galápagos Day 9: Galápagos/Guayaquil/ Day 11: Sacred Valley of the Inca is for nature, so is Peru from an histori- Lima, Peru Visit the town and important archaeo- cal and archaeological perspective; and Disembark Polaris this morning and fly logical site of Pisac. Gateway to the second, Lima — Peru’s capital is less to Lima, Peru via Guayaquil, arriving in Sacred Valley, Pisac has an “old town” than two hours away by air from Guaya- the early evening. Spend the night at (one of the most beautiful Inca complex- quil, roughly the distance from New the gracious Orient Express Miraflores es) and a “new town” from the Colonial York City to Chicago. So, if you have Park Hotel. Tomorrow you’ll be getting era. There will be a late lunch at the the time, you’re almost there anyway. up early, so you are on your own for Hacienda Orihuela. Here the Orihuela A couple of key issues to point out. dinner. (B,L) family continues a 350-year-old tradition We spend a week in Peru. Occasion- of farming. In addition, they have gath- ally people ask, “why so long when the Day 10: Lima/Cusco/Sacred Valley ered a valuable collection of Colonial art highlight is Machu Picchu?” The fact of the Inca housed in their country mansion.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Formation and the Emergence of the Inca
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2019 Assembling States: Community Formation And The meE rgence Of The ncI a Empire Thomas John Hardy University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Hardy, Thomas John, "Assembling States: Community Formation And The meE rgence Of The ncaI Empire" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3245. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3245 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3245 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Assembling States: Community Formation And The meE rgence Of The Inca Empire Abstract This dissertation investigates the processes through which the Inca state emerged in the south-central Andes, ca. 1400 CE in Cusco, Peru, an area that was to become the political center of the largest indigenous empire in the Western hemisphere. Many approaches to this topic over the past several decades have framed state formation in a social evolutionary framework, a perspective that has come under increasing critique in recent years. I argue that theoretical attempts to overcome these problems have been ultimately confounded, and in order to resolve these contradictions, an ontological shift is needed. I adopt a relational perspective towards approaching the emergence of the Inca state – in particular, that of assemblage theory. Treating states and other complex social entities as assemblages means understanding them as open-ended and historically individuated phenomena, emerging from centuries or millennia of sociopolitical, cultural, and material engagements with the human and non-human world, and constituted over the longue durée.
    [Show full text]
  • New Age Tourism and Evangelicalism in the 'Last
    NEGOTIATING EVANGELICALISM AND NEW AGE TOURISM THROUGH QUECHUA ONTOLOGIES IN CUZCO, PERU by Guillermo Salas Carreño A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bruce Mannheim, Chair Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Professor Marisol de la Cadena, University of California Davis © Guillermo Salas Carreño All rights reserved 2012 To Stéphanie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was able to arrive to its final shape thanks to the support of many throughout its development. First of all I would like to thank the people of the community of Hapu (Paucartambo, Cuzco) who allowed me to stay at their community, participate in their daily life and in their festivities. Many thanks also to those who showed notable patience as well as engagement with a visitor who asked strange and absurd questions in a far from perfect Quechua. Because of the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board’s regulations I find myself unable to fully disclose their names. Given their public position of authority that allows me to mention them directly, I deeply thank the directive board of the community through its then president Francisco Apasa and the vice president José Machacca. Beyond the authorities, I particularly want to thank my compadres don Luis and doña Martina, Fabian and Viviana, José and María, Tomas and Florencia, and Francisco and Epifania for the many hours spent in their homes and their fields, sharing their food and daily tasks, and for their kindness in guiding me in Hapu, allowing me to participate in their daily life and answering my many questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Epistemologies of Resistance: Imaging Virgins and Saints in Contemporary Cusco
    Revista de Estudios Globales y Arte Contemporáneo| Vol. 7 | Núm. 1| 2020 | 237-266 Omar Rivera, Patrick Hajovsky Southwestern University, VISUAL EPISTEMOLOGIES OF Texas, US RESISTANCE: IMAGING VIRGINS AND SAINTS IN CONTEMPORARY CUSCO The project of indigenous modernity can emerge from the present in a spiral whose movement is a continuous feedback from the past to the future—a “principle of hope” or “anticipatory cons- ciousness”—that both discerns and realizes decolonization at the same time. -Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui (citing Ernst Bloch)1 In Andean aesthetics, visuality is a site of epistemic tension and a continual reverberation of colonialism. Through art that aligns with pre- 1 Ch’ixinakax utxiwa: A Reflection on the Practices and Discourses of Decolonization, The South Atlantic Quarterly 111:1 (Winter 2012): 95-109, 96. Revista de Estudios Globales y Arte Contemporáneo ISSN: 2013-8652 online http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/REGAC/index http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ colonial indigenous epistemologies, contemporary Andean artists resist colonial and post-colonial cultural domination. In particular, they resist viewers’ designation of “syncretic” or “hybrid” to produce knowledge about art that has been fashioned by indigenous hands. Epistemological claims of “syncretism” and “hybridity” may be intended to transcend the borders between “us” and “them,” between West and non-West, or between eras in Latin America that depend on the presence or absence of Spanish colonists, but such iterations can reinvest viewers in a history of misrecognition. Nevertheless, such terms are not sedimented, for indigenous artists continue to reclaim visuality as they steadfastly hold a mirror toward artistic and epistemic paradigms that attempt to translate, erase, or manage localized colonial differences.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moche Lima Beans Recording System, Revisited
    THE MOCHE LIMA BEANS RECORDING SYSTEM, REVISITED Tomi S. Melka Abstract: One matter that has raised sufficient uncertainties among scholars in the study of the Old Moche culture is a system that comprises patterned Lima beans. The marked beans, plus various associated effigies, appear painted by and large with a mixture of realism and symbolism on the surface of ceramic bottles and jugs, with many of them showing an unparalleled artistry in the great area of the South American subcontinent. A range of accounts has been offered as to what the real meaning of these items is: starting from a recrea- tional and/or a gambling game, to a divination scheme, to amulets, to an appli- cation for determining the length and order of funerary rites, to a device close to an accountancy and data storage medium, ending up with an ‘ideographic’, or even a ‘pre-alphabetic’ system. The investigation brings together structural, iconographic and cultural as- pects, and indicates that we might be dealing with an original form of mnemo- technology, contrived to solve the problems of medium and long-distance com- munication among the once thriving Moche principalities. Likewise, by review- ing the literature, by searching for new material, and exploring the structure and combinatory properties of the marked Lima beans, as well as by placing emphasis on joint scholarly efforts, may enhance the studies. Key words: ceramic vessels, communicative system, data storage and trans- mission, fine-line drawings, iconography, ‘messengers’, painted/incised Lima beans, patterns, pre-Inca Moche culture, ‘ritual runners’, tokens “Como resultado de la falta de testimonios claros, todas las explicaciones sobre este asunto parecen in- útiles; divierten a la curiosidad sin satisfacer a la razón.” [Due to a lack of clear evidence, all explana- tions on this issue would seem useless; they enter- tain the curiosity without satisfying the reason] von Hagen (1966: 157).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluación Del Riesgo Volcánico En El Sur Del Perú
    EVALUACIÓN DEL RIESGO VOLCÁNICO EN EL SUR DEL PERÚ, SITUACIÓN DE LA VIGILANCIA ACTUAL Y REQUERIMIENTOS DE MONITOREO EN EL FUTURO. Informe Técnico: Observatorio Vulcanológico del Sur (OVS)- INSTITUTO GEOFÍSICO DEL PERÚ Observatorio Vulcanológico del Ingemmet (OVI) – INGEMMET Observatorio Geofísico de la Univ. Nacional San Agustín (IG-UNSA) AUTORES: Orlando Macedo, Edu Taipe, José Del Carpio, Javier Ticona, Domingo Ramos, Nino Puma, Víctor Aguilar, Roger Machacca, José Torres, Kevin Cueva, John Cruz, Ivonne Lazarte, Riky Centeno, Rafael Miranda, Yovana Álvarez, Pablo Masias, Javier Vilca, Fredy Apaza, Rolando Chijcheapaza, Javier Calderón, Jesús Cáceres, Jesica Vela. Fecha : Mayo de 2016 Arequipa – Perú Contenido Introducción ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................................ 3 CAPITULO I ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Volcanes Activos en el Sur del Perú ........................................................................................ 4 1.1 Volcán Sabancaya ............................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Misti ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological, Radiological, and Biological Evidence Offer Insight Into Inca Child Sacrifice
    Archaeological, radiological, and biological evidence offer insight into Inca child sacrifice Andrew S. Wilsona,1, Emma L. Browna, Chiara Villab, Niels Lynnerupb, Andrew Healeyc, Maria Constanza Cerutid, Johan Reinharde, Carlos H. Previglianod,2, Facundo Arias Araozd, Josefina Gonzalez Diezd, and Timothy Taylora,3 aDepartment of Archaeological Sciences, and cCentre for Chemical and Structural Analysis, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; bLaboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; dInstitute of High Mountain Research, Catholic University of Salta, Salta A4400FYP, Argentina; and eNational Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036 Edited by Charles Stanish, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, and approved June 18, 2013 (received for review March 21, 2013) Examination of three frozen bodies, a 13-y-old girl and a girl and defining, element of a capacocha ritual. We also recognize that boy aged 4 to 5 y, separately entombed near the Andean summit the capacocha rite analyzed here was embedded within a multi- of Volcán Llullaillaco, Argentina, sheds new light on human sac- dimensional imperial ideology. rifice as a central part of the Imperial Inca capacocha rite, de- The frozen remains of the ∼13-y-old “Llullaillaco Maiden,” the scribed by chroniclers writing after the Spanish conquest. The 4- to 5-y-old “Llullaillaco Boy,” and the 4- to 5-y-old “Lightning high-resolution diachronic data presented here, obtained directly Girl” provide unusual and valuable analytical opportunities. Their from scalp hair, implies escalating coca and alcohol ingestion in the posture and placement within the shrine, surrounded by elite lead-up to death.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Passage of Time in Inca and Early Spanish Peru Kerstin Nowack Universität Bonn, Germany
    Measuring the Passage of Time in Inca and Early Spanish Peru Kerstin Nowack Universität Bonn, Germany Abstract: In legal proceedings from 16th century viceroyalty of Peru, indigenous witnesses identified themselves according to the convention of Spanish judicial system by name, place of residence and age. This last category often proved to be difficult. Witnesses claimed that they did not know their age or gave an approximate age using rounded decimal numbers. At the moment of the Spanish invasion, people in the Andes followed the progress of time during the year by observing the course of the sun and the lunar cycle, but they were not interested in measuring time spans beyond the year. The opposite is true for the Spanish invaders. The documents where the witnesses testified were dated precisely using counting years from a date in the distant past, the birth year of the founder of the Christian religion. But this precision in the written record perhaps distorts the reality of everyday Spanish practices. In daily life, Spaniards often measured time in a reference system similar to that used by the Andeans, dividing the past in relation to public events like a war or personal turning points like the birth of a child. In the administrative and legal area, official Spanish dating prevailed, and Andean people were forced to adapt to this novel practice. This paper intends to contrast the Andean and Spanish ways of measuring the past, but will also focus on the possible areas of overlap between both practices. Finally, it will be asked how Andeans reacted to and interacted with Spanish dating and time measuring.
    [Show full text]
  • La Cosmovisión Religiosa Andina Y El Rito De La Capacocha
    La cosmovisión religiosa andina y el rito de la Capacocha The Andean religious world view and the rite of the Capacocha Recibido: 10/09/2009 María del Carmen Martín Rubio Aprobado: 05/10/2009 Universidad Complutense. Madrid [email protected] RESUMEN A raíz de los recientes descubrimientos de ofrendas de niños y niñas de escasa edad en las altas cumbres nevadas del Perú, Chile y Argentina, decidí profundizar las investigaciones acerca de las motivaciones, patrones de comportamiento y las prácticas rituales que acompañaron a esta forma de sacrificios humanos a las deidades andinas. Basamos nuestros estudios en la versión de una serie de arqueólogos y cronistas, especialmente Betanzos, quien narra con lujo de detalles, cómo estos niños eran «enterrados vivos por todos los lugares, donde había estado el inca, mil niños y mil niñas de cuatro y cinco años». Se describe a «la niña de Tanta Cachua», hacemos un detenido análisis de «la momia de Ampato: ‘Juanita’», «Las momias de Salta», la mujeres y niños acompañantes en la muerte, y por último, se señala la supervivencia del ancestral culto a los Apus. Palabras clave: Capacocha, ritual, teocracia, ofrendas, ajuar funerario, culto. ABSTRACT Following recent discoveries of offerings from small children age into snow-covered mountains of Peru, Chile and Argentina, decided to intensify the research on the motivations, behavioral patterns and ritual practices that accompanied this form human sacrifices to Andean deities. We base our studies on the release of a number of archaeologists and writers, especially Betan- zos, who narrates in detail how these children were «buried alive by all the places where the Inca had a thousand children and four thousand girls and five years.
    [Show full text]
  • The Culture of Democracy and Bolivia's Indigenous Movements
    Article The Culture of Democracy and Bolivia’s Indigenous Movements Robert Albro The George Washington University Abstract ■ This article describes the participation of Bolivia’s indigenous move- ments in encompassing popular protest coalitions of the last five years. Pointing to the importance of cultural heritage in current social movement efforts to revi- talize Bolivian democracy, this argument examines the importance of the ‘terms of recognition’ in the negotiation of the very meaning of democratic partici- pation, between the traditional political class and popular protesters, but also within protesting coalitions. As both indigenous and popular traditions of struggle increasingly make common cause, Bolivia’s indigenous movements are providing the cultural resources that frame the terms of popular protest. At the same time, the terms of indigenous identity are also changing form, becoming more available to growing urban-indigenous and non-indigenous popular social sectors now willing to claim or reclaim an indigenous heritage. This article also explores key transnational and national networks now involved in this transform- ation of the terms of indigenous cultural heritage, making it the basis of an alternative democratic public in Bolivia. Keywords ■ Bolivia ■ democratization ■ indigenous movements ■ publics ■ recognition ‘Looking back, we will move forward.’ Carlos Mamani Condori (1992), Aymara activist and historian ‘We need a space where the people can talk not about the past, but the future.’ Oscar Olivera (2004), social movement spokesperson On 6 June 2005, Bolivian president Carlos Mesa resigned for the second time, citing his inability to govern while mired in another round of large- scale social mobilizations that had paralyzed the country since mid-May.
    [Show full text]
  • Bowl Round 6 Bowl Round 6 First Quarter
    NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6 Bowl Round 6 First Quarter (1) This location is the setting of an \Outdoor Scene" often paired with \The Pond" and \Halloween" by Charles Ives. One section of this region was dedicated on October 9, 1985, is a short walk from the Dakota apartment complex, and features a tile mosaic around the word \Imagine." A 1981 benefit concert to revive this location brought 500,000 people to it to listen to \Mrs. Robinson" and other Simon and Garfunkel songs. The Strawberry Fields memorial to John Lennon is located in, for ten points, what landmark green space designed by Frederick Law Olmstead in Manhattan? ANSWER: Central Park (accept Central Park in the Dark) (2) This man's step-grandfather, White Man Runs Him, served as a scout for Custer's forces prior to the Battle of the Little Bighorn. This man published a book on buffalo jump techniques and, while serving in World War II, managed to steal 50 horses belonging to the SS, an exploit that helped this 2009 recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom become a War Chief. For ten points, name this Plains Indians War Chief of the Crow nation who died in 2016 at the age of 102. ANSWER: Joseph Medicine Crow High Bird (3) The scope of this amendment was expanded by a case filed against a worker who was paid an advance of $15 by the Riverside Company, then quit shortly thereafter. James Mitchell Ashley introduced a bill that was rolled into this amendment. The aforementioned Bailey v.
    [Show full text]