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Materials of Engineering Copyright (C) 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Use of this product is subject to the terms of its License Agreement. Click here to view. Section 6 Materials of Engineering BY HOWARD S. BEAN Late Physicist, National Bureau of Standards HAROLD W. PAXTON United States Steel Professor Emeritus, Carnegie Mellon University JAMES D. REDMOND President, Technical Marketing Resources, Inc. MALCOLM BLAIR Technical & Research Director, Steel Founders Society of America ROBERT E. EPPICH Vice President, Technology, American Foundrymen's Society L. D. KUNSMAN Late Fellow Engineer, Research Labs, Westinghouse Electric Corp. C. L. CARLSON Late Fellow Engineer, Research Labs, Westinghouse Electric Corp. J. RANDOLPH KISSELL Partner, The TGB Partnership FRANK E. GOODWIN Vice President, Materials Science, ILZRO, Inc. DON GRAHAM Manager, Turning Programs, Carboloy, Inc. ARTHUR COHEN Manager, Standards and Safety Engineering, Copper Development Assn. JOHN H. TUNDERMANN Vice President, Research & Technology, INCO Alloys International, Inc. JAMES D. SHEAROUSE, III Senior Development Engineer, The Dow Chemical Co. PETER K. JOHNSON Director, Marketing & Public Relations, Metal Powder Industries Federation JOHN R. SCHLEY Manager, Technical Marketing, RMI Titanium Co. ROBERT D. BARTHOLOMEW Engineer, Powell Labs, Ltd. DAVID A. SHIFLER Metallurgist, Naval Surface Warfare Center HAROLD M. WERNER Consultant RODNEY C. DEGROOT Research Plant Pathologist, Forest Products Lab, USDA DAVID W. GREEN Supervisory Research General Engineer, Forest Products Lab, USDA ROLAND HERNANDEZ Research General Engineer, Forest Products Lab, USDA RUSSELL C. MOODY Supervisory Research General Engineer, Forest Products Lab, USDA JOSEPH F. MURPHY Supervisory General Engineer, Forest Products Lab, USDA ROBERT J. ROSS Supervisory Research General Engineer, Forest Products Lab, USDA WILLIAM T. SIMPSON Research Forest Products Technologist, Forest Products Lab, USDA ANTON TENWOLDE Research Physicist, Forest Products Lab, USDA ROBERT H. WHITE Supervisory Wood Scientist, Forest Products Lab, USDA ANTONIO F. BALDO Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Emeritus, The City College, The City University of New York WILLIAM L. GAMBLE Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign ARNOLD S. VERNICK Associate, Geraghty & Miller, Inc. JULIAN H. DANCY Consulting Engineer. Formerly Senior Technologist, Technology Division, Fuels and Lubricants Technology Department, Texaco, Inc. STEPHEN R. SWANSON Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah 6.1 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS by Howard S. Bean Chemistry . 6-3 Effect of Alloying Elements on the Properties of Steel . 6-19 Speci®c Gravities and Densities . 6-7 Principles of Heat Treatment of Iron and Steel . 6-19 Other Physical Data . 6-10 Composite Materials . 6-21 Thermomechanical Treatment . 6-22 6.2 IRON AND STEEL Commercial Steels . 6-22 by Harold W. Paxton and James D. Redmond Tool Steels . 6-30 Classi®cation of Iron and Steel . 6-13 Spring Steel . 6-31 Steel . 6-13 Special Alloy Steels . 6-32 6-1 Copyright (C) 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Use of this product is subject to the terms of its License Agreement. Click here to view. 6-2 MATERIALS OF ENGINEERING Stainless Steels (James D. Redmond) . 6-32 Ceramics . 6-136 Cleansing Materials . 6-137 6.3 IRON AND STEEL CASTINGS Cordage . 6-137 by Malcolm Blair and Robert E. Eppich Electrical Insulating Materials . 6-138 Classi®cation of Castings . 6-38 Fibers and Fabrics . 6-139 Cast Iron . 6-38 Freezing Preventives . 6-141 Steel Castings . 6-43 Glass . 6-142 Natural Stones . 6-143 6.4 NONFERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS; Paper . 6-144 METALLIC SPECIALITIES Roo®ng Materials . 6-145 Introduction (By L. D. Kunsman and C. L. Carlson, amended by staff) . 6-49 Rubber and Rubberlike Materials (Elastomers) . 6-146 Aluminum and Its Alloys (By J. Randolph Kissell) . 6-53 Solvents . 6-148 Bearing Metals (By Frank E. Goodwin) . 6-61 Thermal Insulation . 6-149 Cemented Carbides (By Don Graham) . 6-61 Silicones . 6-151 Copper and Copper Alloys (By Arthur Cohen) . 6-65 Refractories . 6-151 Jewelry Metals (Staff Contribution) . 6-74 Sealants . 6-155 Low-Melting-Point Metals and Alloys (By Frank E. Goodwin) . 6-74 Metals and Alloys for Use at Elevated Temperatures (By John H. 6.9 CEMENT, MORTAR, AND CONCRETE Tundermann) . 6-77 by William L. Gamble Metals and Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications (By L. D. Kunsman Cement . 6-159 and C. L. Carlson) . 6-82 Lime . 6-160 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys (By James D. Shearouse, III) . 6-84 Aggregates . 6-161 Powdered Metals (By Peter K. Johnson) . 6-87 Water . 6-161 Nickel and Nickel Alloys (By John H. Tundermann) . 6-88 Admixtures . 6-162 Titanium and Zirconium (By John R. Schley) . 6-91 Mortars . 6-162 Zinc and Zinc Alloys (By Frank E. Goodwin) . 6-93 Concrete . 6-163 6.5 CORROSION 6.10 WATER by Robert D. Bartholomew and David A. Shi¯er by Arnold S. Vernick Introduction . 6-95 Water Resources . 6-168 Thermodynamics of Corrosion . 6-95 Measurements and De®nitions . 6-169 Corrosion Kinetics . 6-96 Industrial Water . 6-171 Factors In¯uencing Corrosion . 6-97 Water Pollution Control . 6-172 Forms of Corrosion . 6-99 Water Desalination . 6-173 Corrosion Testing . 6-103 Corrosion Prevention or Reduction Methods . 6-104 6.11 LUBRICANTS AND LUBRICATION Corrosion in Industrial and Utility Steam-Generating Systems . 6-105 by Julian H. Dancy Corrosion in Heating and Cooling Water Systems and Cooling Towers. 6-107 Lubricants . 6-177 Corrosion in the Chemical Process Industry . 6-107 Liquid Lubricants . 6-177 Lubrication Regimes . ..
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