DOCSLIB.ORG

Balance De Masa Reciente Y Dinámica De Los Glaciares De La Península Hurd (Isla Livingston, Antártida) En Un Contexto De Clima Cambiante

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Balance De Masa Reciente Y Dinámica De Los Glaciares De La Península Hurd (Isla Livingston, Antártida) En Un Contexto De Clima Cambiante UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA Departamento de Geografía TESIS DOCTORAL Balance de masa reciente y dinámica de los glaciares de la Península Hurd (Isla Livingston, Antártida) en un contexto de clima cambiante MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Cayetana del Pilar Recio Blitz Directores Francisco José Navarro Valero Jaime Otero García Madrid Ed. electrónica 2019 © Cayetana del Pilar Recio Blitz, 2019 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA Departamento de Geografía TESIS DOCTORAL Balance de masa reciente y dinámica de los glaciares de la Península Hurd (Isla Livingston, Antártida) en un contexto de clima cambiante MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Cayetana del Pilar Recio Blitz Directores Francisco José Navarro Valero Jaime Otero García Madrid, 2019 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA DEPARTAMENTO GEOGRAFÍA Balance de masa reciente y dinámica de los glaciares de la Península Hurd (Isla Livingston, Antártida) en un contexto de clima cambiante Memoria para optar al grado de Doctor presentada por Cayetana del Pilar Recio Blitz Bajo la dirección de los doctores Francisco José Navarro Valero Jaime Otero García MADRID, 2019 A mi familia: Marcos, Nieves, Pilar y Ramón. A Clara, Marta y Paula. A Pablo. Prefacio El hielo de los glaciares y mantos de hielo cubre actualmente alrededor del 10% de la superficie terrestre, y cubrió un área aproximadamente tres veces mayor durante las glaciaciones. A lo largo de millones de años, los glaciares han esculpido el paisaje, erosionando el terreno y transportando y depositando a grandes distancias los materiales extraídos. En la actualidad, casi el 99% del hielo continental está en áreas alejadas de la mayoría de las actividades humanas, en los grandes mantos de hielo de Groenlandia y la Antártida. Por lo tanto, los glaciares comparativamente pequeños de las zonas de montaña son aquéllos con los que más ha interaccionado el hombre y han sido también los primeros en ser estudiados. El agua de fusión glaciar es un aporte hídrico fundamental en ciertas regiones, con la particularidad de que suministran el agua en el verano, cuanto más se necesita, especialmente en las zonas áridas. El agua de deshielo glaciar mueve turbinas de centrales hidroeléctricas, genera suelos ricos en minerales y produce abundantes depósitos de arenas y gravas. Los glaciares son también un elemento de gran valor turístico en muchos países. De esta forma, los glaciares constituyen un elemento esencial del territorio de muchos países. Los glaciares y los mantos de hielo son además un componente fundamental del sistema climático, cuyos cambios de masa están contribuyendo, y ha contribuido en el pasado en las épocas de transición de glaciaciones a deglaciaciones, y viceversa, a las variaciones del nivel del mar. La actividad humana, a través de su influencia reciente en el clima, está jugando un papel importante en las variaciones recientes del nivel del mar. El ser humano necesita saber el grado en que nuestro planeta se ve, y podrá verse influenciado en el futuro, por las actividades antrópicas. Necesita también contar con estimaciones realistas sobre las pérdidas de masa glaciar y al aumento del nivel del mar asociados a las fluctuaciones climáticas. Las pérdidas o ganancias de masa de un glaciar se evalúan a través del balance de masa en la superficie glaciar, en su frente y en su base. El balance de masa es el resultado neto de las ganancias y pérdidas de masa de un glaciar, producido durante un período de tiempo definido (anual, estacional), y a su vez, el glaciar es definido como un sistema donde la acumulación representa una entrada o ganancia de masa, mientras que la ablación representa la salida de flujo del sistema, o pérdida de masa. En este contexto se sitúan las investigaciones en las que se encuadra esta tesis doctoral, que tiene como objetivo final explicar los principios físicos que subyacen al comportamiento y características de dos glaciares de la región de la península Antártica (Hurd y Johnsons), en relación con las variaciones en los parámetros climáticos, realizando (i) un reanálisis del balance de masa en superficie, (ii) un estudio de la densidad de la nieve y (iii) un estudio de las variaciones de volumen y masa. Se trata, por lo tanto, de un estudio de los cambios sufridos en un componente de un territorio concreto, cuyos resultados suponen implicaciones muy importantes en la dinámica climática del planeta. Este tema es objeto de estudio en cientos de Departamentos de Geografía de todo el mundo. Los glaciares forman parte de nuestro territorio y su estudio es vital para comprender problemas actuales territoriales fundamentales en relación con el cambio climático y los recursos hídricos. Ésta es la razón por la que se ha escogido, para desarrollar la tesis, el Programa de Doctorado en i Geografía de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. En particular, las investigaciones desarrolladas en la presente tesis doctoral han sido llevadas a cabo en el seno de dos grupos de investigación: el Grupo de Investigación en Geografía Física de Alta Montaña (GFAM) de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), a través del cual la doctoranda ha mantenido su vinculación con el Programa de Doctorado en Geografía, y el Grupo de Simulación Numérica en Ciencias e Ingeniería (GSNCI) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), en el cual la doctoranda ha estado contratada como Técnica de Apoyo a la Investigación durante tres años y medio, trabajando en el marco de diversos los proyectos de investigación del Plan Estatal de I+D+i llevados a cabo por el grupo. La realización de esta tesis doctoral ha sido posible gracias a la ayuda y motivación de mis dos directores de tesis, Francisco Navarro y Jaime Otero, del Departamento de Matemática Aplicada a las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones de la UPM, y de mi tutor, David Palacios, del Departamento de Geografía de la UCM. Del mismo modo, quiero transmitir mi más sincero agradecimiento por la colaboración y apoyo que he recibido de los miembros de ambos grupos de investigación. En particular, ha sido una enorme suerte poder desarrollar mi tesis doctoral junto a Darlington Mensah, Eva De Andrés y Pablo Sánchez, caminado a mi lado durante todo el proceso. También mi gratitud a Javier Lapazaran y Carmen Molina, por su estímulo y sabios consejos. Análogamente, me gustaría expresar mi agradecimiento al personal de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), en especial a Sergi González y Manolo Bañón, por el aporte de datos meteorológicos. También quiero agradecer la contribución a mi aprendizaje a los miembros de los grupos colaboradores de la Universidad de Barcelona, del Instituto de Investigación Industrial “Akadempribor” de la Academia de Ciencias de la República de Uzbekistán y de la Universidad de Hokkaido (Japón). El haber participado en las campañas antárticas 2014-15, 2015-16 y 2016-17 ha permitido disponer de buena parte de los datos de campo en los que se basa esta tesis doctoral, correspondientes a los glaciares Hurd y Johnsons, en isla Livingston (Antártida). Los trabajos de campo han sido posibles gracias a la labor y eficacia del personal de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos I, en especial la de los técnicos de montaña, personal técnico y Jefes de Base. Agradezco también el apoyo y amistad recibida de numerosos científicos, compañeros y verdaderos amigos de base. No quiero olvidar dar las gracias a Miguel Ángel de Pablo, con quien compartí mi primera campaña antártica, por brindarme la oportunidad de vivir la experiencia más enriquecedora de mi vida y por ser mi primer escalón de una gran aventura profesional y personal. Por último, quiero agradecer especialmente su apoyo incondicional, su amor y paciencia a mi familia y prima Carlota Recio, a Clara del Amo, Paula Oliva, Marta Arnés y a Pablo García, ya que sin ellos nada habría sido posible. Gracias de todo corazón. ii Índice Prefacio.............................................................................................................................i Índice.............................................................................................................................. iii Resumen......................................................................................................................... ix Abstract.......................................................................................................................... xi Capítulo 1. Motivación y antecedentes 1.1 Motivación.................................................................................................................1 1.2 Terminología básica...................................................................................................2 1.3 Estado del arte............................................................................................................3 1.3.1 Estudios de balance de masa en un contexto geográfico global........................ 3 1.3.2 Estudios de balance de masa en un contexto geográfico regional y local......... 7 1.3.2.1 Evolución climática reciente................................................................. 7 1.3.2.2 Plataformas de hielo.............................................................................. 8 1.3.2.3 Glaciares de descarga que alimentan a las plataformas de hielo.........10 1.3.2.4 Glaciares de la península Antártica con terminación en tierra y con terminación en mar...............................................................................10
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Responses of Antarctic Tundra Ecosystem to Climate Change and Human Activity
    PAPERS on GLOBAL CHANGE, 17, 43–52, 2010 DOI: 10.2478/v10190-010-0004-4 RESPONSES OF ANTARCTIC TUNDRA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN ACTIVITY MARIA OLECH Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Cracow, Poland, Department of Antarctic Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ustrzycka 10/12, 02-141 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Over the last couple of years the Antarctic Peninsula region has been one of the fastest warming regions on the Earth. Rapidly proceeding deglaciation uncovers new areas for colonisation and formation of Antarctic tundra communities. The most evi- dent dynamics, i.e. changes in both biodiversity and structure of tundra communities, are observed in the forefi elds of retreating glaciers. This paper presents examples of changes in biodiversity and in the direction and rate of succession changes taking place due to climate warming compounded by synanthropization in the maritime Antarctic. KEY WORDS: Antarctic, climate change, colonisation, tundra ecosystem, bio- diversity, alien species. INTRODUCTION Development of vegetation in the Antarctic is limited to ice-free surfaces of the land, which account for only a few percent (2–5%) of the total area. The Antarctic tundra ecosystem is mainly made up of cryptogams, i.e. lichens, bryophytes, algae and fungi, while at the same time it is extremely defi cient in vascular plants, of which only two species are found: a grass Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poace- ae) and Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth). Bartl. (Caryophyllaceae). Occurrence of both species is limited to the climatically favourable sites in the maritime Antarctic (Olech 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • List of Place-Names in Antarctica Introduced by Poland in 1978-1990
    POLISH POLAR RESEARCH 13 3-4 273-302 1992 List of place-names in Antarctica introduced by Poland in 1978-1990 The place-names listed here in alphabetical order, have been introduced to the areas of King George Island and parts of Nelson Island (West Antarctica), and the surroundings of A. B. Dobrowolski Station at Bunger Hills (East Antarctica) as the result of Polish activities in these regions during the period of 1977-1990. The place-names connected with the activities of the Polish H. Arctowski Station have been* published by Birkenmajer (1980, 1984) and Tokarski (1981). Some of them were used on the Polish maps: 1:50,000 Admiralty Bay and 1:5,000 Lions Rump. The sheet reference is to the maps 1:200,000 scale, British Antarctic Territory, South Shetland Islands, published in 1968: King George Island (sheet W 62 58) and Bridgeman Island (Sheet W 62 56). The place-names connected with the activities of the Polish A. B. Dobrowolski Station have been published by Battke (1985) and used on the map 1:5,000 Antarctic Territory — Bunger Oasis. Agat Point. 6211'30" S, 58'26" W (King George Island) Small basaltic promontory with numerous agates (hence the name), immediately north of Staszek Cove. Admiralty Bay. Sheet W 62 58. Polish name: Przylądek Agat (Birkenmajer, 1980) Ambona. 62"09'30" S, 58°29' W (King George Island) Small rock ledge, 85 m a. s. 1. {ambona, Pol. = pulpit), above Arctowski Station, Admiralty Bay, Sheet W 62 58 (Birkenmajer, 1980). Andrzej Ridge. 62"02' S, 58° 13' W (King George Island) Ridge in Rose Peak massif, Arctowski Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Shore of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands
    Measure 4 (2014) Annex Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No 128 WESTERN SHORE OF ADMIRALTY BAY, KING GEORGE ISLAND, SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS Introduction The Western Shore of Admiralty Bay is located on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, ~125 kilometers from the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Approximate area and coordinates: 16.8 km2 (centered at 58° 27' 40" W, 62° 11' 50" S). The Area is wholly terrestrial, and the primary reasons for designation are its diverse avian and mammalian fauna and locally rich vegetation, providing a representative sample of the maritime Antarctic ecosystem. Long term scientific research has been conducted on the animals within the Area. The Area is relatively accessible to nearby research stations and tourist ships regularly visit Admiralty Bay, and the ecological and scientific values of the area need protection from potential disturbance. The Area was originally designated as Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) No. 8 in Recommendation X-5 (1979, SSSI No. 8) after a proposal by Poland. The SSSI designation was extended through Recommendation XII-5 (1983), Recommendation XIII-7 (1985) and Resolution 7 (1995). A revised Management Plan was adopted through Measure 1 (2000). The site was renamed and renumbered as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No 128 by Decision 1 (2002). The Area lies within Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) No. 1 Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, designated under Measure 2 (2006). The biological and scientific values of the Area are vulnerable to human disturbance (e.g. oversampling, disturbance to wildlife, introduction of non-native species). Therefore, it is important that human activities in the Area are managed to minimize the risk of impacts.
    [Show full text]
  • Integración De Modelos Numéricos De Glaciares Y Procesado De Datos De Georradar En Un Sistema De Información Geográfica Tesis Doctoral
    Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Integración de modelos numéricos de glaciares y procesado de datos de georradar en un sistema de información geográfica Tesis Doctoral por Ricardo Rodríguez Cielos Ingeniero de Telecomunicación Ingeniero Técnico en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía Año 2014 Departamento de Matemática Aplicada a las Tecnologías de la Información Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Integración de modelos numéricos de glaciares y procesado de datos de georradar en un sistema de información geográfica Autor: Ricardo Rodríguez Cielos Ingeniero de Telecomunicación Ingeniero Técnico en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía Directores: Francisco José Navarro Valero Javier Jesús Lapazaran Izargain Doctor en Ciencias Físicas Doctor Ingeniero de Telecomunicación Año 2014 III IV Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco. y Excemo. Sr. Rector de la Uni- versidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día ____ de __________ de 2014. Presidente D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Vocal Secretario D. Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día ____ de __________ de 2014, en ____________. Calificación: ________________________ EL PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL VOCAL SECRETARIO V A mis hijos, a ella, a mis padres, a mi familia, a mis compañeros, a mis profesores y a mis alumnos. VII Resumen Resumen Los modelos de termomecánica glaciar están definidos mediante sistemas de ecuaciones en derivadas parciales que establecen los principios básicos de conservación de masa, momento lineal y energía, acompañados por una ley constitutiva que define la relación entre las tensiones a las que está sometido el hielo glaciar y las deformaciones resultantes de las mismas. La resolución de estas ecuaciones requiere la definición precisa del dominio (la geometría del glaciar, obtenido a partir de medidas topográficas y de georradar), así como contar con un conjunto de condiciones de contorno, que se obtienen a partir de medidas de campo de las variables implicadas y que constituyen un conjunto de datos geoespaciales.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Open-File Report 2007-1047, Short Research Paper 035, 3 P.; Doi:10.3133/Of2007-1047.Srp035
    U.S. Geological Survey and The National Academies; USGS OF-2007-1047, Short Research Paper 035; doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp035 New 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar ages of dikes in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) S. Kraus,1 M. McWilliams,2 and Z. Pecskay3 1Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile ([email protected]) 2John de Laeter Centre of Mass Spectrometry, Perth, Australia ([email protected]) 3Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary ([email protected]) Abstract Eighteen plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar and 7 whole rock K/Ar ages suggest that dikes in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) are of Paleocene to Eocene age. The oldest dikes are exposed on Hurd Peninsula (Livingston Island) and do not yield 40Ar/39Ar plateaux. Our best estimates suggest dike intrusion at about the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. An older age limit for the dikes is established by Campanian nannofossil ages from their metasedimentary host. Dike intrusion began earlier and lasted longer on Hurd Peninsula (Danian to Priabonian) than on King George Island (Thanetian to Lutetian). Arc magmatism on King George Island, possibly accompanied also by hypabyssal intrusions, began in the Cretaceous as indicated by ages from the stratiform volcanic sequence. The dikes on King George Island were emplaced beginning in the late Paleocene and ending 47–45 Ma. The youngest arc-related dikes on Hurd Peninsula were emplaced ~37 Ma. Citation: Kraus, S., M. McWilliams, and Z. Pecskay (2007), New 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar ages of dikes in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula), in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES, edited by A.
    [Show full text]
  • Decelerated Mass Loss of Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula
    Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 59, No. 213, 2013 doi: 10.3189/2013JoG12J144 1 Decelerated mass loss of Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula Francisco J. NAVARRO, Ulf Y. JONSELL, MarõÂa I. CORCUERA, Alba MARTIÂN-ESPANÄ OL Departmento de MatemaÂtica Aplicada, ETSI de TelecomunicacioÂn, Universidad PoliteÂcnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A new 10 year surface mass balance (SMB) record of Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica, is presented and compared with earlier estimates on the basis of local and regional meteorological conditions and trends. Since Johnsons is a tidewater glacier, we also include a calving flux calculation to estimate its total mass balance. The average annual SMB over the 10 year observation period 2002±11 is ±0.15 0.10 m w.e. for Hurd Glacier and 0.05 0.10 m w.e. for Johnsons Glacier. Æ Æ Adding the calving losses to the latter results in a total mass balance of ±0.09 0.10 m w.e. There has Æ been a deceleration of the mass losses of these glaciers from 1957±2000 to 2002±11, which have nearly halved for both glaciers. We attribute this decrease in the mass losses to a combination of increased accumulation in the region and decreased melt. The increased accumulation is attributed to larger precipitation associated with the recent deepening of the circumpolar pressure trough, while the melt decrease is associated with lower summer surface temperatures during the past decade. 1. INTRODUCTION lation rate. In fact, much evidence points to such an Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers are located on Livingston Island increase: an increasing trend in winter accumulation in the (LI), the second largest island in the South Shetland Islands northwestern AP observed in ERA-40 reanalysis data (Miles (SSI) archipelago, which lies nearly parallel to the northern and others, 2008), an increase in the annual total of tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), known as Trinity precipitation days at Faraday/Vernadsky station (Turner and Peninsula (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) – Clues from Magmatic Dykes S
    TOMO 2 - Volcanismo y Magmatismo THE ROLE OF CONTINENTAL CRUST DURING MAGMA GENESIS BENEATH HURD PENINSULA (SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS, ANTARCTICA) – CLUES FROM MAGMATIC DYKES S. Kraus (Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, [email protected]) H. Miller (Dept. of Earth & Environm. Sci., Univ. of Munich, Germany, [email protected]) INTRODUCTION Hurd Peninsula (62° 40’ S / 60° 22’ W) is located in southern Livingston Island, the second largest of the South Shetland Islands (Fig. 1). It is bordered by South Bay in the NW and False Bay in the SE and comprises about 27 km2. Three main lithological sequences crop out there: the sedimentary, turbiditic Miers Bluff Formation (MBF) in the stratigraphically lowermost position, unconformably overlain by the Moores Peak Breccia and, uppermost, the volcanic rocks of the magmatic arc (Mount Bowles Formation). The investigation area is located in the northwestern part of Hurd Peninsula and the dykes are hosted without exception by the Miers Bluff Formation. Major goals were the identification of tectonic events as reflected by the orientation of the dykes and by joint systems, the determination of the magma sources as well as possible changes, and relationships between tectonic and magmatic events. Ar-Ar age determinations carried out on plagioclase separates indicate that the dykes intruded the different directions (first and second order dextral and sinistral shear systems) correlated with the folding axis (24°, evident in the sedimentary host rocks) from Danian on, most of them during the Lutetian. Six different intrusive events can be distinguished on Hurd Peninsula. Fig. 1: Geography of the northern Antarctic Peninsula Dykes of the same relative age also share the and the South Shetland Islands and their location in Antarctica (inset).
    [Show full text]
  • Variabilidade Da Cobertura De Gelo Marinho E As Colônias De Pygoscelidae Na Costa Oeste Da Baia Do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Antártica
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS Variabilidade da cobertura de gelo marinho e as colônias de Pygoscelidae na costa oeste da baia do Almirantado, ilha Rei George, Antártica Ricardo Burgobraga Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jefferson Cardia Simões Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Elírio Toldo Júnior (UFRGS) Profa. Dr. Larissa de Oliveira Rosa (UNISINOS) Prof. Dr. Jean Carlos Budke (URI) Porto Alegre, janeiro de 2010 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências Variabilidade da cobertura de gelo marinho e as colônias de Pygoscelidae na costa oeste da baía do Almirantado, ilha Rei George, Antártica Ricardo Burgobraga Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jefferson Cardia Simões Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Elírio Toldo Júnior (UFRGS) Profa. Dra. Larissa de Oliveira Rosa (UNISINOS) Prof. Dr. Jean Carlos Budke (URI) Dissertação de Mestrado submetida como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geociências. Porto Alegre, janeiro de 2010 ii Foto da capa: Anne Frolich (novembro de 2004) Um Pygoscelis antarctica descansando sobre um grunhão encalhado na ponta Demay, costa oeste da baía do Almirantado - ASPA 128. Dedico este trabalho à minha esposa Eloísa, que faz tudo isso ter mais sentido; aos meus pais, Rebeca e José e ao meu irmão, Regis. Todos ofertaram todo o amor, paciência e apoio durante esse projeto. Estes são os meus esteios. iii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço muitíssimo ao meu orientador, o Prof. Dr. Jefferson Cardia Simões, por ter me delegado toda a liberdade de conduzir este projeto, além das inúmeras oportunidades de treinamento e colaboração no Núcleo de Pesquisas Antárticas e Climáticas – NUPAC.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Aretic Glaciers
    DA NM ARKS OG GRØN L ANDS GEO L OG I SKE UNDERSØGELSE RAP P ORT 2013/3 The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Aretic Glaciers Abstracts, IASC Network of Aretic Glaciology, 9 - 12 January 2012, Zieleniec (Poland) A. P. Ahlstrøm, C. Tijm-Reijmer & M. Sharp (eds) • GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF D EN MARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTAV OF CLIMATE, ENEAGY AND BUILDING ~ G E U S DANMARKS OG GRØNLANDS GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØGELSE RAPPORT 201 3 / 3 The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Arctic Glaciers Abstracts, IASC Network of Arctic Glaciology, 9 - 12 January 2012, Zieleniec (Poland) A. P. Ahlstrøm, C. Tijm-Reijmer & M. Sharp (eds) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTRY OF CLIMATE, ENERGY AND BUILDING Indhold Preface 5 Programme 6 List of participants 11 Minutes from a special session on tidewater glaciers research in the Arctic 14 Abstracts 17 Seasonal and multi-year fluctuations of tidewater glaciers cliffson Southern Spitsbergen 18 Recent changes in elevation across the Devon Ice Cap, Canada 19 Estimation of iceberg to the Hansbukta (Southern Spitsbergen) based on time-lapse photos 20 Seasonal and interannual velocity variations of two outlet glaciers of Austfonna, Svalbard, inferred by continuous GPS measurements 21 Discharge from the Werenskiold Glacier catchment based upon measurements and surface ablation in summer 2011 22 The mass balance of Austfonna Ice Cap, 2004-2010 23 Overview on radon measurements in glacier meltwater 24 Permafrost distribution in coastal zone in Hornsund (Southern Spitsbergen) 25 Glacial environment of De Long Archipelago
    [Show full text]
  • How the Western Frontiers Were Won with the Help of Geophysics
    1 Controls on microalgal community structures in cryoconite 2 holes upon high Arctic glaciers, Svalbard 3 4 T.R. Vonnahme1,2,*, M. Devetter1,3, J. D. Žárský1,4, M. Šabacká1,5, J. Elster1,6 5 [1] {Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České 6 Budějovice, Czech Republic} 7 [2] {University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany} 8 [3] {Biology Centre of the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Institute of Soil Biology, 9 České Budějovice, Czech Republic} 10 [4] {Department of Ecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic} 11 [5] {British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK} 12 [6] {Institute of Botany, Academy of the Science of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic} 13 [*] {now at: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany} 14 Correspondence to: J. Elster ([email protected]) 15 16 Abstract 17 Glaciers are known to harbor surprisingly complex ecosystems. On their surface, distinct 18 cylindrical holes filled with meltwater and sediments are considered as hot spots for microbial life. 19 The present paper addresses possible biological interactions within the community of prokaryotic 20 cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae (microalgae) and relations to their potential grazers, such 21 as tardigrades and rotifers, additional to their environmental controls. Svalbard glaciers with 22 substantial allochthonous input of material from local sources reveal high microalgal densities. 23 Small valley glaciers with high sediment coverages and high impact of birds show high biomasses 24 and support a high biological diversity. Invertebrate grazer densities do not show any significant 25 negative correlation with microalgal abundances, but a positive correlation with eukaryotic 26 microalgae.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Year Analysis of Distributed Glacier Mass Balance Modelling and Equilibrium Line Altitude on King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula
    The Cryosphere, 12, 1211–1232, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1211-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Multi-year analysis of distributed glacier mass balance modelling and equilibrium line altitude on King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula Ulrike Falk1,2, Damián A. López2,3, and Adrián Silva-Busso4,5 1Climate Lab, Institute for Geography, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany 2Center for Remote Sensing of Land Surfaces (ZFL), Bonn University, Bonn, Germany 3Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany 4Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 5Instituto Nacional de Agua (INA), Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina Correspondence: Ulrike Falk ([email protected]) Received: 12 October 2017 – Discussion started: 1 December 2017 Revised: 15 March 2018 – Accepted: 19 March 2018 – Published: 10 April 2018 Abstract. The South Shetland Islands are located at the seen over the course of the 5-year model run period. The win- northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). This region ter accumulation does not suffice to compensate for the high was subject to strong warming trends in the atmospheric sur- variability in summer ablation. The results are analysed to as- face layer. Surface air temperature increased about 3K in sess changes in meltwater input to the coastal waters, specific 50 years, concurrent with retreating glacier fronts, an in- glacier mass balance and the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). crease in melt areas, ice surface lowering and rapid break- The Fourcade Glacier catchment drains into Potter cove, has up and disintegration of ice shelves.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Version-Controlled Database of Glacier Thickness Observations Ethan Welty1,2, Michael Zemp2, Francisco Navarro3, Matthias Huss4,5,6, Johannes J
    Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations Ethan Welty1,2, Michael Zemp2, Francisco Navarro3, Matthias Huss4,5,6, Johannes J. Fürst7, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer2, Johannes Landmann2,4,5, Horst Machguth6,2, Kathrin Naegeli8,2, Liss M. Andreassen9, Daniel Farinotti4,5, Huilin Li10, and GlaThiDa Contributors* 1Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado Boulder, United States 2World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), University of Zürich, Switzerland 3Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain 4Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Switzerland 5Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Switzerland 6Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland 7Department of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Germany 8Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland 9Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, Norway 10Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China *A list of additional contributors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper. Correspondence: Ethan Welty ([email protected]) Abstract. Although worldwide inventories of glacier area have been coordinated internationally for several decades, a similar effort for glacier ice thicknesses was only initiated in 2013. Here, we present the third version of the Glacier Thickness Database (GlaThiDa v3), which includes 3 854 279 thickness measurements distributed over roughly 3 000 glaciers worldwide. Over- 5 all, 14 % of global glacier area is now within 1 km of a thickness measurement (located on the same glacier) – a significant improvement over GlaThiDa v2, which covered only 6 % of global glacier area, and only 1 100 glaciers.
    [Show full text]