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ASIAN ART Dr G.J. Wijers, SOUTHEAST ASIA Pink Padjes Minister In the twentieth century there o f Economic Affairs has been a growing global 11 AS o f the Netherlands, economic and cultural The HAS and the NIAS have joined- integration, counterbalanced forces in a strategic alliance delivered the HAS by a process o f localization. As 41 Annual Lecture 1997 communities grow increasingly ESF ASIA COMMITTEE entitled: interconnected, proclamations o f distinctiveness and exclusivity News from the ESF Asia Committee ‘Economic Policy become more pronounced. 46 towards Asia' Has Indonesia's growing at the Erasmus integration into international EAJS NEWS society produced a comparable Report o f the Eighth Conference University intensification o f local identities o f the European Association (Rotterdam, w ithin the national hinterland, o f Japanese Studies 9 October 1997). thereby weakening the cohesiveness o f the country from within? Michael Jacobsen BASAS NEWS GENERAL NEWS In August 1997,751 files and explores the situation. Contemporary South Asia and volumes o f the former Indian the British Association o f South In his article ‘Bringing the Political Intelligence organization 21 0 27 Asian Studies announce the communities together: What more were released for public Ernst Waldschmidt was one of establishment o f a jo in t prize for can be done?’, the director o f consultation at the British Library’s the leading Indologists o f Germany young South Asia scholars EAST ASIA the HAS - W.A.L. Stokhof- addresses Oriental and India Office after the Second World War. 49 the question o f how the Europe-Asia Collections. The withholding of Throughout his life he maintained relationship can be improved. these files has caused the academic The studies on Jews in China close and friendly relations with A A S NEWS He delivered this lecture during the community some concern since probably began as early as the the Museum o f Indian Art in Berlin. News from the Association for W ilton Park Conference at Steyning the 1980s. In effect, the non­ arrival o f Jewish settlers in This museum now presents Asian Studies (Ann Arbor, USA) (UK) in September o f this year. availability o f the files has rendered China. Nevertheless, written a centenary exhibition. 50 the w riting o f a proper survey of records o f studies on this subject 3 0 11 revolutionary movements in India before modern times are almost ICAS NEWS between 1916 and 1947 frustratingly completely lacking. Update on the First International incomplete. Jill Geber reports. Pan Guang reports. Convention o f Asia Scholars, to be CENTRAL ASIA held in Noordwijkerhout in the 15 0 20 28 0 34 Netherlands from 25-28 June 1998. The recently published Mongolian- 50 English Dictionaiy, compiled by Charles Bawden, constitutes a new PUBLISHED! N VAPS and considerable contribution to Report o f the First Conference of the series o f Mongolian dictionaries. G u id e to the Netherlands Association for It contains about twenty-six and Asian Studies Asia and Pacific Studies. a half thousand main entries and in E urope numerous subsidiary entries. Uwe Biasing reports. The 352 page Guide contains: VAC ANCI ES an alphabetical list Vacancies in the field 12 0 14 of 5,000 European Asianists Some highlights of current o f Asian Studies 1,200 institutes and university exhibitions o f Asian Art and 52 departments the Asian Art Agenda in which SOUTH ASIA 300 museums, organizations, forthcoming exhibitions and AGENDA and newsletters performances on Asian art The International The historiography dealing are announced. Conference Agenda with British India in the 1940s This Guide will be an essential 54 has inexplicably shied away reference tool for: 35 0 39 from examining the changes ■ departments and libraries NEWSLETTERS wrought by the Second World War ■ professors, teachers and A list o f Newsletters on the country’s polity. graduate students INDEX on Asia in Europe Sanjoy Bhattacharya explains. ■ businesses and politicians 56 EDITORIAL PAGE >*

dation this initiative has been broadened because four Asian research insti­ tutes have joined in. It is now called the Programme for Europe-Asia Research Editorial Linkages (PEARL), which held its first meeting in Copenhagen in August of this year. PEARL is organizing a workshop on research strategy in the 21st m By PAUL VAN DER VELDE century in Seoul (March 1998) and stresses long-term Asia-Europe joint re­ Editor-in-chief search on matters of global relevance. tftute for The restructuring of the field Asian Studies which started a couple of years ago is a multi-layered process. It was set in motion by the realization that Convergence of possibilities IIAS NEWSLETTER >1? 14 Autumn 1 9 9 7 Asian Studies should be more in touch with the new reality of the emergence PEARL must be seen against the background of the Asia Europe Meeting 56 pa^es of Asia as one of the global players. This restructuring process is at different (ASEM) process and the foundation of the Asia Europe Foundation in Singa­ stages of execution and is developing continuously against the backdrop of pore (1996). The ASEM is an interregional organization consisting of 24 Asian

EDITORIAL OFFICE globalization and the rapidly increasing possibilities of and European countries. It first meeting was held in Bangkok, and its second will be held in London in April Visiting address: Nonnensteeg 1-3, Leiden direct worldwide communication through the Inter­ IIAS Mailing address: HAS, P.O. 80x51515, net. Roughly speaking this process involves three inter- of next year. So far the centre of gravity of this organiza­ *300 ra le id e n , The Netherlands connected levels; the national, the continental, and the tion has been focused on economic, security, and polit­ Telephone: +31-71-527 22 27 The IIAS is a post-doctoral institute Telefax: +31-71-527 41 62 global level. ical issues. Participants in the PEARL meeting in Co­ jointly established by the Royal Nether­ E-Mail; [email protected] penhagen in August were convinced that research in lands Academy of Arts and Sciences WWW Homepage: http://iias.leidenuniv.nl The Dutch case the Humanities and Social Sciences should be higher on (KNAW), the Vrije Universiteit Amster­ the agenda of the ASEM and that culture and science Taking the Netherlands as an example, we are con­ dam (VUA).the University of Amsterdam EDITORIAL STAFF scious of a growing awareness amongst Asianists that (UvA), and Leiden University (RUL). should become an integral part of the ASEM process. Editor-in-chieJ- Paul van der Velde closer co-operation is beneficial to all parties involved. The main objective of the IIAS is to PEARL can be seen as example of the deeper embed­ Managing Editor - Ilse Lasschuijt ment of Asian Studies in current developments at a po­ South Asia Editor - Netty Bonouvrié It increases the visibility of Asian Studies and its socie­ encourage the pursuit of Asian Studies Southeast Asia Editor - Dick van der Meij tal importance in the sense that exponents are teaming in the Humanities and Social Sciences, litical and economic level. East Asia Ed. (China) - Kitty Yang-de Witte up to provide answers to the perceived Asian opportu­ nationally as well as internationally. The International Convention of Asia Scholars, which East Asia Editor 0apan) - Paul Wijsman nity. This development is at work both at the institu­ To achieve this end, the constituent will be held from 25-28 June 1998 in Noordwijkerhout East Asia Editor (Korea) - Koen De Ceustet institutes have agreed upon the following Insular Southwest Asia Editor - Sandra Evers tional and the associational level. At an institutional (the Netherlands) is an example of institutional and as­ Central Asia Editor - Ingrid Nooijens level research schools, postdoctoral institutes, and uni­ activities, which were defined in the sociational co-operation at a global level. It is organized Asian Culture Editor - Gate Foundation versities have begun to co-operate, which is resulting Agreement on National Co-operation in Asian by the Association for Asian Studies (USA) and the HAS. English editor - Rosemary Robson Studies signed by all parties in 1993. in the formulation of joint long-term research pro­ The ICAS has been advertized worldwide among Asia ■ grammes and the fine-tuning of existing programmes. Scholars. The driving force behind the ICAS is the idea 1. to set up and execute a post-doctoral CORRESPONDENTS In combination with the involvement of libraries, mu­ that the internationalization of Asian Studies will re­ Ann Beard (AAS, Ann Arbor); programme for Dutch and foreign seums, and archives with Asian collections it is leading sult in a higher degree of synergy. In this manner the Victor A. van Bijlert (Bengal Studies); researchers; Rik Hoekstra (Internet); to a more (cost) effective use of existing resources. Con­ 2. to organize international scientific organizers hope to offer an alternative to the parochial Leonid Kulikov (CIS); necting this research effort to the world of business and gatherings; attitude so prevalent in Asian Studies. Sabine Kuypers (ESF Asia Committee); politics, where relevant and possible, can be the next 3. to act as a national centre for When the ICAS Programme Committee meets in No­ Leo Schmit (EU, Brussels); Mario Rutten (CASA, Amsterdam); step. Asian Studies in order to improve vember of this year its members have to evaluate 150 Willem Vogelsang This institutional endeavour is mirrored at the asso­ international co-operation in panels and more than a hundred individual proposals. [Research School CNWS. Leiden) ciational level. The foundation of the the Netherlands the European context; Most of these proposals have been submitted through Association for Asian and Pacific Studies in 1996 should 4. to develop other activities in the field the ICAS website. The idea is that the panel conveners of of Asian Studies, such as the publication CONTRIBUTORS be seen in that context. This association should, ideally the selected panels will also act as monitors of the dis­ of a newsletter and the establishment Christoph Antons; Nina Simone Bakker, speaking, develop into an umbrella association in cussion list on the Internet about his or her panel. These René Barendse; Chanchal A. Bhattacharya; of a data base, which should contain which the various established Dutch Asian Studies as­ will be online from 15 December 1997. From this mo­ Sanjoy Bhattacharya; Uwe Biasing; Joep Bor; up-to-date information on current ment the panel members, and also others interested in John Bray; Maghiel van Crevel; Robert Cribb; sociations co-operate. During its first meeting last Oc­ research in the field of Asian Studies. Leo Douw; G. Domenig; Pei-jung Fu; tober a lively discussion ensued about its future. The the topic, can start discussions. It is not inconceivable Jill Geber; Joachim Gentz; Anjan Ghosh; majority of the members saw its network potential as that these topics could be fitted into courses all over the Beatriz van der Goes; Robin Hart; Jane Harvey; Jan Houben; Cen Huang; its basic function. The formation of (cross) regional and (inter) disciplinary | world. It is obvious that the restructuring of the field of Asian Studies is an on­ Michael Jacobsen; Nico Kaptein; and other relevant working groups will increase the capability of the mem­ going process that is increasingly converging at a national, continental, and Prem Kliatry; Rita Kipp; John Kleinen; bers to assess developments at an institutional level critically. Cogently, the global level. Happily, the process is becoming more transparent for and access­ Josef Kolmas; Sabine Kuypets; ible to a growing audience not only of Asianists and students of Asia but also Marianne Langehenkel; Helga Lasschuijt; members were convinced that the association should also encourage the Andrej L. Malchukov; Glenn Anthony May; input of representatives of other gremia of society with a strong interest in others interested in Asia. ■ Achim Mittag; Banani Mukhia; Asia. In view of financial restraints, certainly in its initial years, the associa­ Harbans Mukhia; P.J.M. Nas; tion will depend heavily on the creative input of its members. Pratyoush Onta; Pan Guang; Michael Paschal; Benjamin Preciado-Solls; This restructuring process is taking place in some European countries at editor William Radice; Geoffrey Roper; Lore Sander; varying levels of intensity. Ratna Saptari; R. Schefold; Angela Schottenhammer; Mieke Schouten; Wim Stokhof; Cathelijne Veenkamp; The E u ropean Context Payen was here! Natascha Vittinghoff; Doortje Wattena; In Europe there are six regional Asian Studies organizations. On the average Marianne Wiesebron; T. Wignesan; these organizations have 500 members. Given the way they are organized and Vivienne Wee; Ben White; Susan Whitfield; their modest membership, their lore on a European level (strategic and scien­ Margarita Winkel; Laura Wong; the villa Voorlinden m W a s s e r and e f ^ m° ScallletP**tng tific) is limited. The creation of a European umbrella Association for Asian Wim van Zanten; Zhuang Guotu the ground because of the pain ter Pa f ° UnglaS her children to kiss Studies in co-operation with the national associations could create the critical I worked in this villa * * P^ce in ,828. DESIGN mass necessary to be considered a player to be reckoned with. Such an associa­ From 1950 up till now the villa h! A T De Kreeft, Amsterdam tion could easily attain a membership of more than 5,000 members. In view of by the Dutch PTT now called KPN. later bouSht the different backgrounds of the existing associations among other reasons it ■ could take a while before such an umbrella organization can be founded and PRINTING Dijkman, Amsterdam would become operative. m o Th«“ ™ L th) S T " y brf0re At an institutional level much progress has been made. The ESF Asia Com­ mittee consists of representatives of leading institutes in the field of Asian MSN 05)251-8738 Studies in Europe. In its first mandate of three years (1995-1997) it developed a fellowship scheme and seminar programme to increase the mobility of Asia­ nists. It also took the initiative in producing a Guide to Asian Studies in Europe. CIRCULATION This project was executed by the IIAS and has resulted in the publication of 20,000 the Guide at the end of this year. Since the mandate of the Asia Committee is your arncieTo'uj be" T ' ” Called ''■’«linden was in limited in time and the nature of these type of special ESF Committees is to COMING ISSUE give an impulse to existing developments, its representatives have created in­ Deadline: December 15,1997 Released: February 15, 1998 itiatives to take the work a step further. The first initiative which springs to mind is the strategic alliance between the IIAS and the Nordic Institute of THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR FACTS AND OPINIONS Asian Studies. It was concluded in 1997. There is a strong possibility that other EXPRESSED IN THIS PUBLICATION RESTS EXCLUSIVELY WITH THE AUTHORS AND THEIR European institutes may join in and broaden the alliance. The second initia­ INTERPRETATIONS DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT tive which is worthy of note is the setting up, in 199b, of the European Task THE VIEWS OF THE INSTITUTE OR ITS SUPPORTERS. La u re ns van Es THE HAS NEWSLETTER (lIASN) IS PUBLISHED BY HAS Force on Europe-Asia Research Co-operation. The goal of this body is to in­ AND IS AVAILABLE PREE OF CHARGE. Voerendaal, the Netherlands crease co-operation and develop joint research programmes. Since the foun-

Z ■ HAS NEWSLETTER 34914 • Autumn 1997 GENERAL NEWS Bringing the communities together: What more can be done?

Taking these criteria into account This article is a summary of the lecture of the director of the munication and both the virtual and selves a wider reading public in Eu­ physical mobility of people. People are rope. Not only do we lack a clear un­ the establishment of a strategic Alli­ HAS, W.A.L. Stokhof, which he delivered during the Wilton ance between European and Asian in­ Park Conference at Steyning (UK) in September of this year, of being exposed more and more to each derstanding of the most cherished other’s life styles to a point at which it perceptions of our Asian friends, we stitutes is suggested here working which the theme the Europe-Asia relationship and how this specifically along the following lines relationship can be improved (for a summary of this meeting is almost justified to speak of hybridi­ also lack an oversight of what we are doing together at present and to what of operation: see next page). zation. In other words, what is the level of the Europeanization of Asia extent this is appreciated by the pub­ The role o f culture in and what is level of Asianization of lic. a. the formation of the necessary criti­ By W.A.L. STOKHOF the ASEM process Europe? I need hardly remind you The growing attention paid to cul­ cal mass requires the management tural issues is of particular relevance of large- scale research programmes ince the announce- Such moves leave no doubt that that the tremendous possibilities for to the ongoing debate on the sustain­ of the kind needed to deal with to­ ment of the EU Asia culture and ‘cultural rapprochement’ communication created by the Inter­ ability of the Asian Miracle. The role day’s issues (crucial themes include Strategy of 1994, in­ are both now recognized as an impor­ net do not automatically improve of Asian values has been highlighted environment, health, employment itiatives aimed at en­ tant dimension in the pattern of Eu­ mutual understanding. On the con­ in this context, which can be appre­ and changing labour relations, lin­ hancing cultural rela­ rope Asia relationships. The cultural trary, these could easily reinforce the ciated as a recognition of the impor­ guistic diversity, religion, percep­ tions between Europe aspect has been described as an im­ already existing stereotypes. tance of culture as an entity in its own tions of democracy and political in­ and Asia have expanded considerably portant pillar of the Asia-Europe rela­ Culture is exerting a mediating role right. Leaving aside the questions of stitutions, security issues, trade, fi­ in scope and momentum, up to the tionship by the EC and in the found­ by increasing our awareness not only whether Asia is overcoming the pre­ nance and investment). It is our ex­ point that the Heads ofState and Gov­ ing declaration of ASEF. During the of the facts and figures we need to sent set-backs or whether it will in­ perience in the Netherlands that ernment from both regions expressed Wilton Park Conference, Percy West- know about our partners, but also in deed achieve its Golden Age, these long-term joint research projects their commitment to ‘cultural rap­ erlund an EC commissioner, called it terms of improving our understand­ matters cannot be resolved without are a very affective tool by which to prochement’ at the first ASEM in the most important aspect of the ing of contemporary issues and events addressing certain tasks which have create mutual insight and trust be­ Bangkok in 1996. In the wake of the ASEM process. It is regarded by all in both regions, thereby enabling us strong cultural implications: a) im­ tween researchers. It may help to ASEM in Bangkok, talks between parties involved as irreplaceable in to come to grips with stereotypes and proving the quality of human re­ build up a many facetted Asia-Eu­ France and Singapore resulted in the creating a climate of confidence and distorted images, particularly those sources (technological, managerial, rope research culture which could foundation of the Asia Europe Foun­ increasing the comfort level. Quite affecting the overall relationship be­ legal, financial); b) adjusting key-in­ have tremendous impacts on socie­ dation (ASEF) which is supported by apart from this in the short, medium, tween Europe and Asia negatively. stitutions and regulatory frame­ ty through the students involved in the 25 ASEM member states. The ASEF and long-term, culture is expected to Both regions are being tied into pro­ works. this research; is managed by a board of governors encourage mutual understanding, as cesses of adjusting regional govern­ Following the points made above, b. the pooling of the existing knowl­ who represent the member countries. well as underpinning and fostering ance structures and institutions obli­ you might agree with me that the edge into a couple of information The ASEF will facilitate linkages at all the existing economic and political ged to fit in their increasing contacts strengthening of Europe Asia rela­ resource centres on Asia in Europe levels of society, with the goal of im­ relationships between the two re­ with other regional entities and glo­ tions in the realm of culture involves and vice versa which would offer proving the Europe-Asia relationship gions. bal structures (EU, ASEAN, SAARC, more than just trying to smooth the surveys of public opinion, invento­ and bringing the communities closer We should not overidealize the role APEC, IMF, UN). This requires tack­ ling cultural issues head-on, co-oper­ process of forging economic and polit­ ries of activities, directories and in­ together. culture can play, but on the other ical relations and/or endeavouring to stitutional profiles, newsletters, This interregional activity is en­ hand it is indisputable that the atten­ ating in regional forums and estab­ balance the weight of the relation­ documentation, and internet ser­ hanced by initiatives undertaken in tion paid to cultural issues in the Eu­ lishing partnerships with other re­ ships between Asia and other parts of vices; the same vein at the intergovernmen­ rope-Asia relationship, whether this gions in support of these processes. the world, particularly the USA. Paral­ c. the co-ordination of new initiatives tal level. The European Commission be in the official policy, institutional The increasing openness evolving lel mutual efforts in view of the points aimed at specific user groups and (EC) has come up with new pro­ co-operation, and popular involve­ within Asia may enhance the willing­ mentioned under a) and b) are crucial the general public; carrying out grammes which support private, ment is grwowing steadily more con­ ness and capacity there to deal with to the floresence of co-operation. policy-related analysis, participat­ local, or regional links at all levels of vergent at this particular juncture in other relationships, particularly with ing in EU, ASEAN, and SAARC level civil society, particularly in the cultu­ time. Forewarned, we should not re­ Europe. By participating in interna­ conventions and forums, briefings ral, educational, and information sec­ peat the same mistake made by the tional networks, and more direct Which new approaches in cultural rapprochement? and lectures to diplomats, corpo­ tors. European Union at its formation. In­ cross-regional partnerships Euro­ Regardless of whether cultural rela­ rate business managers and the In the academic sphere, a wide va­ stead of neglecting the cultural di­ peans and Asians are able to compare tionships between Europe and Asia media, disclosure of collections, or­ riety of initiatives has already been mension in our relationships, we have their own ways of dealing with each are concerned with official pro­ ganization of exhibitions, servicing taken to enhance the institutional ample opportunity for deriving mu­ other among themselves. grammes or activities of institutions jumelage programmes and alumni links between Asia and Europe which tual benefit from paying this area the Of course, the exposure to telematic such as universities, research centres associations; have resulted in memoranda of un­ attention it deserves. communications and the mobility of and think tanks, media agencies, cor­ d. producing awareness/sensitization derstanding, the foundation of re­ Can these high expectations of the travellers in both regions may direct­ porate business, civic and cultural in­ programmes aimed at secondary search centres, research partnerships, role of culture be met? ‘Cultural Rap­ ly influence individual people’s con­ educational institutions; introduc­ long-term research projects, directo­ prochement’ as such does not auto­ sciousness and perception of mutual stitutions, I could propose five com­ mon criteria to be observed in our fu­ ing Asian languages at the secon­ ries, and guides. Alongside other in­ matically generate economic activity. images in the global setting, if only dary level of education in Europe so stitutes in Europe and Asia, the HAS But since the enormous political in­ for the expanding of the means of ture endeavours: as to make people aware of each has strongly supported this develop­ terest is already there, ‘Cultural Rap­ communication and the concommi- a. emphasis on equality in partner­ ship, co-operation, and mutual en­ other at an early stage of their lives. ment which runs parallel to the ex­ prochement’ can only enhance the ec­ tant necessity to address questions of counter, by undertaking cultural panding links between Europe and onomic growth and deepen the politi­ cultural identity and to do away with initiatives within the scope of offi­ These are the steps but first an un­ Asia in the economic and political sp­ cal consensus. The potential for the stereotypes, paying attention to cul­ cial framework agreements; dertaking to measure how we per­ here. growth of mutual respect and equali­ tural issues is justified. ceive each other, what we really think ty is inherent in the universal appre­ A lot remains to be done because we b. subsidiarity and proportionality of of each other or how we our thoughts Undoubtedly all these initiatives ciation of culture, regardless of differ­ do not even yet have a clear picture of official initiatives balancing bilat­ eral or civic relationships between are shaped by studies and media re­ will increase mutual understanding, ences in economic and political power our mutual images, apart from a high Europe and Asia, by focusing on ports, is called for now after five years but ultimately this will depend pri­ that might affect any relationship. score for the Asian Miracle myth in of frentic activity in both regions in­ marily on the appreciation of cultural The undertaking of cultural relation­ the European media and an equally cross-regional and pan-regional volving getting-to-know each other expressions and practices in the two ships generates new tissue into which high score for the European Decline themes and issues; c. medium-to-long term perspectives better. The expressions of commit­ regions in which disparate values and new commercial and political rela­ myth in the Asian media. The only ment by thousands of selected key-in­ norms apply. The real substance of tionships between the regions can be substantial survey of Europe’s image aimed a creating a climate of confi­ dividuals participating in inter-re­ cross-regional cultural contacts is in interwoven; cultural contacts may in Asia, is a 1994 BBC survey of Asian dence by involving the younger generations as future partners in gional exchanges and forums may, or the mobility of people in both direc­ help to open up new channels and perceptions of Europe, which was may not, have had an impact. A pro­ tions and their mutual exposure to all areas of interest; provide for better commissioned by the EC in prepara­ areas of mutual interest; fessionally executed survey across forms of each other’s culture. In a understanding and awareness be­ tion for the launch of its New Asia d. multi-level approaches linking of­ ficial programmes to institutional both regions is called for because this nutshell: the official cultural pro­ tween the partners (perhaps even Strategy. Polls run regularly by the and individual initiatives and en­ is undoubtedly the only way to meas­ grammes, the institutional initia­ temper things which go amiss), and Far Eastern Economic Review and counters, including those estab­ ure the impact of our activities and to tives, and the popular contacts be­ prepare future generations for a role Asiaweek also inform us of the per­ lished through long-distance com­ fine tune our future actions to achieve tween the two regions are converging. in these relationships. ceptions of Asian executives and deci­ munication, tourism, student and optimal results. A multitude of actions at each level is Furthermore, the influence of sion makers on issues pertaining to Secondly, action needs to be taken building up into a wave composed of inter-regional cultural relationships Asian affairs. These polls are useful staff mobility, and other exposure to analyse the accumulated results of a myriad tokens of mutual interest at all levels is now higher than at any instruments for the purpose of im­ to cultural products; and and stated commitments to follow other time in history, owing to the proving European images of Asia, pro­ e. multi-sector approach involving the study and practices of culture. next p a g e ny these up. enormous expansion of digital com­ vided these publications win them­

Autumn 1997 • has newsletter TC14 • 3 GENERAL NEWS

1 > 5 SEPTEMBER 1997 the most sensitive issues could be dis­ spite modern communications, the STEYNING, GB cussed by a track-two process would peoples of both regions will only grow the surveys and databases now availa­ overcome the EU’s internal divisions to understand one another better by ble. The output could help determine and avoid Asian sensitivities in a for­ meeting face to face, and in one anot­ which thematic areas are in need of mal debate. Private diplomacy, build­ her’s countries. Cultural awareness further development or the contrary, Improving ing on a track-two approach, might could also be enhanced more advanta­ and what might be the most appro­ succeed where ‘megaphone’ diploma­ geously by the indigenous Asian pop­ priate role for national or interna­ cy fails. ulation in Europe. tional umbrella organizations in view The ASEM can function as a politi­ Bringing together the younger gen­ of the principle that official pro­ the Europe-Asia cal catalyst, bringing peer pressure to erations, students and academics, fu­ grammes should endorse institution­ bear on the partcipants, for instance ture leaders, civil society including al and private encounters, instead of in informal discussions over Myan­ NGOs, regional and local govern­ being a substitute for these. mar. It can also benefit bilateral rela­ ments, Chambers of Commerce and In any case, national and regional Relationship tionships by providing the form in national and local media would sig­ umbrella organizations should have which bilateral discussions can take nificantly enhance mutual under­ the capacity to manage interdiscipli­ place for example between Portugal standing. At the same time it would nary research programmes and This Wilton Park conference explored the relationship be­ and Indonesia about East Timor, and involve the civil society in the im­ multi-sectoral cultural activities for tween Asia and Europe in the context of the second Asia-Eu- GB and Vietnam about refugees. For a provement of Euro-Asian relations. the benefit of decision makers and the rope Summit Meeting (ASEM] which will be held in London in real improvement in relations be­ Adequate funding is crucial to sup­ general public in both regions. But April 1998. This follows the inaugural ASEM meeting held in tween Europe and Asia, frank and port civil society-based projects to cre­ they should also play an active role in Bangkok in March 1996. The ASEM has since acted as a catalyst honest exchanges of political issues ate mass networks. The establish­ the process of Europe-Asia rapproche­ for a greatly expanded Asia-Europe dialogue, at a variety of will be needed. In many of the areas of ment of the Asia-Europe Foundation ment and people-to-people relations levels, aimed at stimulating an effective partnership between political debate there is a common at the Singapore Foreign Ministers’ between both regions by establishing the two regions. agenda but little concensus about the meeting to promote cultural and in- broad-based memberships and by ca­ approach or the substance. Confi­ tellectuel exchanges should encour- tering to genuine constituencies of raised by Asians first], of labour costs, dence building in this area between age greater contact. ■ By ROBIN HART organizations and individuals with of unemployement in Europe and the different partners takes time and Persuading Asians to undertake an interest in Asia. A SEM is an evolving cheaper labour in Asia. demands trust and goodwill from all. graduate and post-graduate studies process in which 26 The ASEM can also provide a plat­ Security issues have traditionally in Europe, rather than in the USA, is Concluding remarks L A. participants are form for discussing a range of global featured in the Europe-Asia relation­ crucial but needs financial support. In short I suggest the following engaged, and as such is trade issues. European members are ship. Europeans have a major stake in The same applies to encouraging Eu­ tools or instruments, if you will, for the largest global inter­ all members of the EU, Asian mem­ Asian stability and most Asian coun­ ropeans to study in an Asian country. the greater intensification of the cul­ regional grouping. Its di­ bers of APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic tries welcome their interest. In vari­ The ASEM can stimulate greater stu­ tural rapprochement: verse membership includes developed Co-operation], Discussing issues in ous combinations Europeans play a dent exchange, and should ensure 1. Cultural sensitization in Asia and and developing economies as well as preparation for the World Trade Or­ significant practical role in the re­ that immigration and red tape do not Europe at secondary school level diverse political systems and cultures. ganization negotiations could be gion: eg peace-keeping in Cambodia, hinder travel and contact. Likewise through language and culture Its agenda is set by political leaders, mutually beneficial. Regional trad­ through membership of the ASEAN the media can have a significant role teaching. the Heads of Goverment summits ing groups have made progress on Regional Forum (although here Euro­ in raising awareness and amending 2. Clustering of Asia Studies, know being a meeting of individual politi­ certain trade liberalization issues, pe’s participation is ineffectual and its outmoded stereotypes. how and expertise at a Euro-Asian cians, without their officials. Its infor­ ahead of multilateral agreements method of participation needs to be level; mal nature and lack of bureaucracy which take much longer to nego­ reassessed], and through European The ASEM’s role 3. Highly developed and expanded ex­ are seen as advantages. The ASEM is tiate. But the prospect for co-opera­ support, now formalized, for KEDO The key to the ASEM’s current suc­ change programmes for all levels regarded as part of a Europe/Asia/USA tion between Europe and Asia is un­ (Korean Peninsular Energy Develop­ cess is its informality and the fact that society, in particular the introduc­ triangle, and a necessary balance to US promising on specifics. Agriculture is ment Organization]. Experience in it is not a negotiating organization. tion of one-year fellowships for influence. one area where interests differ wide­ confidence-building measures, in The ASEM’s success depends as great each other’s secondary school stu­ Over 20 other countries are keen to ly. Chinese membership of the WTO preventive diplomacy, and in peace­ deal on the personal chemistry of the dents. participate in the ASEM, not least is another. Lessons from APEC might keeping might be valued more greatlt political leaders, albeit many of the 4. Long-term joint research pro­ prompted by the recently expanded be drawn here. APEC depends heavily by Asians. The ASEM forum can be personalities will change between grammes to be carried out simulta­ ASEAN and the proposed expansion on political will to push economic is­ used for a meaningful discussion of summits. ASEM has been described as neously by several groups consist­ of the EU. Other applicants include sues forward, but leaves contentious some of these issues. a marriage; a long-term relationship ing of Asian and European re­ India and Pakistan, Australia and issues for subsequent debate. The ASEM can also provide an op­ is desired, but as with many relation­ searchers on matters of global / su­ New Zealand and other Central and portunity to discuss global issues ships this needs to be worked at to pranational relevance. Eastern European countries. There is Political dialogue such as development aid, the environ­ prevent a divorce. And a level playing 5. The establishment of strategic alli­ a generally positive attitude towards One of the ASEM’s strengths is that, ment, and the role of the UN. The field based on equality is called for. ances between the main institutes enlargement, although many would unlike other regional groupings such EU’s development aid to Asian coun­ But with summitry and new organi­ in the field Asian Studies in Europe argue not before the Seoul ASEM III as APEC it includes political dialogue. tries remains substantial and is ex­ zations come traps: a post summit and Asia. in 2000. The criteria for membership This evokes some reluctance on the ceeded only by Japan. Much of this aid anti-climax, unrealistic goals, too 6. The foregoing points will have to be of this new Club still need to be ag­ part of some Asians who are in many is devoted to poverty alleviation in many follow-up activities and ‘laun­ based on a survey of European con­ reed. cases focused primarily on economic rural areas. Other Asian countries dry lists’ duplicating other areas of ceptions of Asia and of Asian con­ development and see this as the crux now enjoying mounting prosperity work, meetings held too often, and ceptions of Europe. The economic dimension of ASEM. Political dialogue is diffi­ play a greater role in this work. Con­ the creation of unwieldy bureaucratic Europeans are growing increasing­ cult; the Europeans may speak with versely, in Eastern Europe there are institutions. - I am aware that we are confronted ly conscious of the long-term eco­ one voice on many issues sharing as opportunities for greater Asian en­ The ASEM needs to avoid this if it is with a daunting task, but that should nomic opportunities in Asia. Asians they do a simular political outlook, gagement Similarly, in the environ­ to prosper. It needs to add value to the not keep us from meeting this inspir­ too recognize Europe as a major mar­ but Asians range from autocratic pa­ mental field, Asian and Europeans important relationship between the ing challenge head-on. ■ ket, and for some countries, notably ternalism to communism and clearly can share their know-how, acknowl­ two regions and their constituent Japan and South Korea (but increas­ cannot speak as one. But this should edging the need for environmental parts. It needs to be seen not just as a ingly other countries such as Malay­ not mean the dialogue is ruled out. protection and recognizing that wotk talking shop, but as a forum produc­ sia] see it as an opportunity for long­ Dialogue needs to take place in the in this field creates jobs. And discus­ ing positive results. In the longer term direct investment. right atmosphere, particularly when sions on the new shape of the United term specific plans need to be drawn This is not plain sailing because many Asians consider that the format Nations or on global security such as up, allowing members to budget ef­ barriers to trade and investment hin­ is more important than the content, peace-keeping, the reduction of nu­ fectively and to take the ASEM as a vi­ der both sides. Construtive dialogue and are keen to move slowly. A meas­ clear weapons or coversely their pro­ able process into the next century. is needed to ensure market access ured timescale may be needed to liferation might be productive, al­ The London and Seoul meetings will and a level playing field for all. allow a ‘comfortlevel’ to be estab­ though some are keen that the ASEM therefore be crucial in defining the The ASEM dialogue can be used to lished. Similarly, vocabularly matters focus on short-range issues in which purpose of the relationship and steer­ discuss economic issues and to em­ - some suggest that political dialogue Europe and Asia can add value beyond ing the ASEM’s future course. ■ phasize the common desire for eco­ itself should be called ‘the rule of law’. the capacity of other forums. The/ull version of this article will nomic development. The ASEM has Sensitive handling is needed on such be included in a book entitled: already initiated a Trade Facilitation issues as human rights, or universal Cultural contacts ‘The Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEMj: Action Plan working on priority values as some prefer to call them, as To ensure that the prejudices, ig­ The Convergence of Opportunities' areas for trade facilitations for the enshrined in the UN Universal Dec­ norance and misunderstandings which will be published in the spring business community; and an Invest­ laration of Human Rights. Europeans which have blighted contacts be­ of 1998 in the series ‘Studies from ment Promotion Action Plan to pro­ recognize that Asians want them to tween Europeans and Asians in the the International Institutefor mote investments and create a sound listen more and lecture less. Asians, past shall not spoil the future, greater Asian Studies’. and stable regulatory framework. It for their part, are accepting that a new ‘people to people’ contact is needed. could also discuss the need for educa­ relationship with Europe must allow This is arguably the most important Robin Hart is associate director Professor W.A.L. Stokhof tion and training, the common prob­ for exchange on difficult and sensitive role for the ASEM and where the rela­ ofWiiton Park and can be reached at is the director of the HAS. lems of corruption, (with this subject matters. The suggestion that some of tionship could be most improved. De­ fax: +44-1903-815931

4 • HAS NEWSLETTER N? 14 • Autumn 1997 GENERAL NEWS

level, there needs to be a parallel re­ the bottom up, so that the eventual search apparatus to ensure an ongo­ structure truly reflects and enhances ing dialogue between officials and re­ the interests, needs, and capacities of PEARL Programme searchers on complex inter-regional the research community. issues. At the same time, the meeting was concerned that multi-lateral arrange­ Cross-regional co-operation ments should ensure that especially How to link academia The distinctive national traditions younger scholars and innovative bor­ of research and scholarship in various der-transcending research ideas are aspects of Asian and European studies promoted. in the ASEM community are a pre­ to the ASEM process? cious resource. In the present envi­ Asia Research Policy ronment of globalization, however, Workshop these traditions need to be brought As an initial step forward, the Task- A meeting ofleaders of major science and humanities research scholarly rubrics such as ‘Asia’, ‘Euro­ pe’, ‘Social Science’ and ‘Humanities’ together into complementary part­ force will organize an Asia-Europe institutions from the ASEM community took place in Copen­ Workshop on Research Policy in Asian enjoy widely varying status, both in nerships. No single nation can sus­ hagen on 28 August 1997. The Copenhagen meeting was at­ and European Studies with the task of national scholarly communities and tain a research endeavour on a scale tended by nine representatives from leading Asian and Euro­ drawing up an agenda for future pri­ pean institutes in the field of Asian Studies. They constituted in the eyes of policy-makers. Al­ needed to address fully the issues aris­ though significant progress has been ing from globalization; co-operation ority action. The workshop should themselves as a task force on Asia-Europe research co-opera­ propose durable arrangements in the tion in the Humanities and Social Sciences and gave the pro­ made in Europe to counteract frag­ and collaboration is the only solution. mentation in the field of Asian Stud­ The work of the ESF Asia Committee ASEM process which will make the gramme launched by the group the name Programme for Eu­ best expertise in Asian and European rope-Asia Research Linkages (PEARL). This task force replaces ies and to establish Asian Studies as a has shown that internationally- priority area for governmental and oriented bodies can play a major stim­ Studies accessible to a broader audi­ the Task Force on Europe-Asia Research Co-operation which ence and it should devise self-renew­ was constituted earlier this year by the directors of five Euro­ inter-governmental attention (ESF ulating role both in bringing small centres of excellence out of isolation ing structures which will contribute pean Asia research institutes. Asia Committee), much remains to be done. A comparable movement can be and in promoting innovative research to creating a Europe-Asia research culture in the Social Science and Hu­ mous intellectual benefits to scholar­ perceived in Asia where the ASEAN which would normally find no sup­ manities. By ROBERT CRIBB ship at national, regional, and global University Network links five major port within any single national framework. By bringing Asian and Four research themes which are he meeting arose levels. Promotion of this partnership universities in Indonesia, Malaysia, European Studies in both continents comparative and contemporary were out of a need felt ought to be an integral part of the the Philippines and Thailand. The into one facilitating framework it will referred to the Workshop: migration on both sides for ASEM dynamic and a major element meeting identified three major rea­ be possible to create further, creative and changing labour relations in Eu­ closer research interac­ in the fixture activities of ASEF. sons seeking a top-level Asian Studies synergies without in any way detract­ rope; cultural pluralism and the cul­ tion between Europe and In an exchange of information presence in the ASEM process. ing from the current strengths of na­ tural inter-penetration of Europe and Asia and out of the sense which took up the first part of the The need for creative and well-in­ tional research efforts. Asia; education and training systems of opportunity created by the ASEM meeting it not surprisingly became formed policy on both the European Now that the key institutions for in Asia and Europe; and welfare sys­ process and the establishment of the clear that the academic and sociologi­ and Asian sides has in many cases out­ ASEM co-operation are still in the tems and models of social security in Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) in cal character of Asian and European run the capacity of government ad­ process of formation it is an oppor­ Asia and Europe. They will be con­ Singapore at the end of 1996. The par­ Studies varies enormously within ministrations to deliver it. The ‘cultu­ tune moment to see that the Human­ ducted by integrated research teams ticipants were concerned that re­ both Asia and Europe, depending ral rapprochement’ between Asia and ities and Social Sciences are given an drawn from several ASEM countries. search may not yet receive the atten­ partly on colonial experiences, overall Europe has caught officials and poli­ appropriate place within these insti­ The workshop will be held in Korea tion on the agenda of ASEF which it academic cultures, and current politi­ cy-makers across a wide range of tutions. The task-force agreed that on 2-3 March 1998, one month before should. Those attending the meeting cal perceptions. Research both builds fields unprepared. European and multi-lateral co-operative arrange­ the the meeting of the heads of state were unanimous in believing that a on and reacts against past experiences Asian officials’ and politicians’ per­ ments are most likely in achieving ofASEM in London in April. ■ broad-based research partnership en­ of domination; researchers are located ceptions of each others’ continents these goals. Furthermore, the Social compassing the Social Sciences and in many different kinds of institu­ frequently rely on simplifications of Science and Humanities presence at Dr Robert Cribb is research director humanities at the two ends of the tions, with very differently defined complex contexts. With the growing the ASEM level needs to be built from of the NIAS Eurasian continent can deliver enor­ mandates and levels of funding; and policy-making apparatus at the ASEM

eign service. With the years, many of Much of the research carried out at our graduates have occupied impor­ the Center for Asian and African tant positions throughout Latin Studies has been published in book Asian Studies in Mexico form - more than one hundred America as university professors, ac­ ademic administrators, diplomats, books have appeared since its foun­ dation in 1964 - or in articles in its Academic studies on Asia began in Mexico more than 30 years Robert Mantran, and Takeshi Ishida and government officers. They have journal Estudios de ksiay Africa. This ago when the Center for Oriental Studies, [now Center for came during the first years and later contributed to a better knowledge journal has so far published 103 Asian and African Studies] was established in El Co legio de distinguished professors and writers and understanding between Latin numbers and is the only specialized Mexico. El Colegio de Mexico is an educational institution such as R.V. Joshi, Wang Meng and America, Asia, and Africa. journal of its kind in Spanish. dedicated to research and teaching in the Social Sciences and Oe Kenzaburo joined the academic The Center for Asian and African A few years ago, the Center added a the Humanities that has achieved high prestige among educa­ staff and participated in the academ­ Studies has been organizer to several new programme in Southeast Asian tional institutions in Mexico and abroad. ic activities of the Center. important academic conferences. In In the first years of the Center a 1976 El Colegio de Mexico hosted the studies. The courses for this pro­ Master’s Degree Programme was es­ International Congress of Human gramme will begin next September ■ By BENJAMIN PRECIADO-SOLÏS tablished with specialities in Chi­ Sciences in Asia and North Africa. and a professor of Indonesian lan­ The conference was an academic suc­ guage has been hired as well as other ■ p 1 Colegio was foun- pared with the large public universi­ nese, Japanese, Indian, and Middle cess and 25 volumes were published specialists on the area. l-H ded in 1940 as Casa ties, it has exercized a leading influ­ Eastern Studies. Later on, African, with the proceedings and seminars. One of the long term projects of Jm m J de Espana en Mex­ ence on intellectual and academic Southeast Asian, and Korean studies were added. In the Master’s Pro­ The Center has also hosted two the CEAA was to establish a Doctoral 9 • m ico to house university life in Mexico since its foundation. 9 9 9 conferences of the Association for Programme. This will be inaugurat­ 9 • ■ professors fleeing from The Center for Asian and African gramme strong emphasis has been • • • Asian Studies [31st. Annual meeting ed this year. Candidates have already the Spanish Civil War. Studies was established in 1964 with given to the teaching and learning of of the Western Conference and the been selected and courses will start Among these Spanish intellectuals, a the strong support of UNESCO as Asiatic languages. Most of the first 22nd. Annual meeting of the South­ in September 1997. core group reorganized the new in­ the first centre in Latin America that year - in a three-year programme - is western Conference] and the 11th The experience of building a pro­ stitution as El Colegio de Mexico. would develop Asian Studies from a devoted to the learning of the lan­ Congress of the International Associ­ gramme on Asian and African Stud­ Its first academic programmes Mexican and Latin American per­ guage of the area of specialization. ation of Buddhist Studies [IABS]. It ies in Mexico for the whole of the were in the fields of history, and lit­ spective. The aim was to provide With this training in languages the has also hosted a number of smaller Spanish-speaking world has been a erature and linguistics. Two research Latin America with a more direct students are expected to work direct­ international conferences and semi­ challenging one. The Center is now centres were constituted for these knowledge of the peoples and cul­ ly with materials in the original lan­ well established. Its graduates hold areas of specialization. In time, other tures of Asia. guages. nars. In spite of budget restrictions, the important academic and govern­ centres have been added: the Center Since its foundation, the CEAA has The research and teaching pro­ Center has built a library collection ment positions throughout Latin for International Studies; the Center received Mexican and Latin Ameri­ gramme has had a strong emphasis of more than 30,000 specialized titles America and the research by its pro- for Economic Studies; the Center for can students, and its academic staff on history, literature, and history of and receives approximately 130 jour­ fesors and graduates has received in­ Demographic and Urban Develop­ had been formed with professors thought. In recent years work in So­ nals and periodicals. In the past few ternational recognition. ■ ment Studies; the Center for Socio­ from several countries. Scholars in cial Sciences has also been empha­ years the library has automatized its logical Studies and the Center for some of the world’s best universities sized. collection and it is now available on Asian and African Studies. were invited to participate in the de­ The programmes in the Center are line. Through the new computer Over the years, El Colegio has been sign of the programmes as well as to designed to give the students a communication technologies, we are a key institution for higher research give courses and seminars. People strong foundation in area studies, gaining access to more and more in­ Dr Benjamin Preciado-Solis can be and learning in the country. Al­ like Mircea Eliade, A.L. Basham, Ben­ one that would prepare them for an formation. reached at E-mail: [email protected] though it is a small institution com­ jamin Schwartz, Prodyot Mukherjee, academic career or a career in the for­

Summer 1997 • iias newsletter n ? 14 • 5 GENERAL NEWS

not merely for himself but also for point into the construction of a new his administration vis-a-vis his sub­ totality of history which did not Time in Abul FazTs jects. He thus appointed seven posit a dichotomy between rationali­ ‘watchmen’ of high rank to ensure ty and irrationality but one between that his government expedited, a certain conception of religiosity rather than delayed decisions and and received notions of religion. His Historiography was therefore a little less slothful in extremely painstaking segregation of its functioning. the two does credit to his intellectual Abul Fazl also frequently portrays power; the fact that a good part of The second half of the sixteenth century witnessed the ap­ manity, whose manifestation is me­ time either as an abstraction or al­ this distinction was operative at the proaching end of Islam’s first millennium and concerns about diated through the person and reign most as a person. Phrases like ‘Time, level of popular religion also helped its survival in view of the setting-in of degeneration. These of Akbar, that Abul Fazl was seeking the gamester’, ‘the skirt of time’, ‘the the state find wide social legitimacy, concerns led to the emergence of sectarian purificatory inter­ harmony and peace, universal peace collar of time’ etc. abound in the particularly as its empirical func­ ventions, often perceived as threats to stability by the state and (sulh-i kul) as his patron called it. It is book. But time also becomes almost tioning abided closely by the univer­ theologians, resulting in retaliation and suppression. In the interesting that as Islam completed a person in such turns of the phrase salist undertones of popular religion. midst of these myriad tensions Abul Fazl was seeking out a its first millennium even as Abul as ‘Time smiled a grim smile’, or resolution in an organizing principle of harmony that would Fazl was writing the Akbar Nama, he ‘time became sorrowful’ or ‘time in­ override disputation and suppression. passes over the years 1000 and 1001 flicted a wound’. AH in studied indifference to their For Abul Fazl then the conceptual­ Dr Harbans Mukhia (India) is at other places and speaks of several significance. For him time moved in ization of historical time as distinct a Senior Visiting Fellow with the HAS ■ By HARBANS MUKHIA traditions regarding Adam. ‘Such is an unbroken flow. from theological time was an entry until 30 November 1997. A bul Fazl sought the wide expanse of God’s kingdom Unlike in Islam, which dichoto­ resolution in the that it is not improbable that these mizes the past and the present be­ 1- \ construction of a tales and traditions may [all] be true. tween the ‘age of ignorance’ (jahalat) new dichotomy, i.e. the There might have been many and the birth of Islam, Abul Fazl cre­ dichotomy between reli­ Adams...’ The birth of Adam, and the ates an infinite temporal continuum Asia Pacific giosity and religion, and beginning of humanity is being his- between the past, the present, and the construction of a teleological toricized here, divesting it of its my­ the future with Akbar as its centre- history that found its fulfilment in thological wrap, common to both piece. ‘Certainly’, he observes, ‘today, the highly experimental state that Christianity and Islam. tomorrow, yesterday, the present Culture & Abul Fazl’s patron, the Mughal em­ In omitting any reference to Mu­ and the absent may be revealed to peror, Akbar (1.1556-1505), was con­ hammad and the Caliphs and to any ordinary compounds of human na­ structing; that history was also its of the figures and symbols of Islamic ture. But with nurslings of Divine chief intellectual legitimacy. history throughout the Akbar Nama, light [such as Akbar],..whose pure es­ Architecture The history that Abul Fazl con­ Abul Fazl was seeking the displace­ sences are manifestations of the Di­ structed departed from the existing ment of the existing dichotomy be­ vine radiance...the future and the pattern in fundamental ways: in the tween Islam and Kujf (unbelief, i.e. be­ past attend upon the present and the prevalent historiographical mode lief in any other religion than Islam) absent is like the present fully visi­ Design Award the emergence of Islam was the start­ by one between religiosity (i.e., belief ble.’ But then if Time has no dichot­ ing point and remained in varying in the Universal God) on one hand omies and no breaks, even if it is wit­ measures its reference point. Histori­ and any denominational religion on ness to change, history does not The School of Architecture, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, is cal time therefore had come to ac­ the other, which makes God a sectari­ carry embedded in it a notion of soliciting entries for the second Kenneth F. Brown Asia Pacific quire a given beginning, though its an being. The lineage of Akbar’s polit­ progress, nor of periodization. Culture & Architecture Design Award Programme. The pur­ end point was the Day of Judgment, ical descent thus does not follow the Yet, if with this cosmic, religious, pose of the programme is to identify and recognize outstand­ by its nature undefinable. graph of Islam’s history but of the en­ eternal and continually flowing time ing examples of contemporary architecture and to promote Abul Fazl inverts this construction tire humanity from its very inception. Abul Fazl makes a sharp departure the development of humane environments. of historical time: its beginning is Indeed, the lineage of political descent from the existing theological and his­ undefined, even undefinable, but its is turned into the actual lineage of bi­ toriographical format, this also en­ i m m T™1 or the 1998 Design tailed instructions for completing re­ point of culmination is the reign of ological descent, for Akbar is present­ folds the measuring of historical time Award, the Pro­ quired forms and submitting neces­ Akbar, which itself acquires ele­ ed as the 53rd descendant of Adam. and chronology in very, sometimes gramme is invit­ sary documentation (in English). All ments of eternity. ‘It appe­ even exasperatingly, precise ing new projects con­ entrants are required to obtain per­ ars’, Abul Fazl observes, ‘that detail. Thus in his account of structed in the last dec­ mission for the use of submitted ma­ the beginning of the world the rulers ofMalwa region in ade in Asia and the Pacif­ terial in the subsequent publication. and of mortals and the sour­ central India, he enumerates ic region. The Award winner will re­ The Design Award Program will re­ ce of the manifestations of ‘Time is precious the length of five rulers as ceive a cash prize of $25,000 and will tain the entry material for the Design the Divine attributes has 387 years, 7 months, and 3 be invited as a speaker at the Third Award Program Archives. ■ not been discovered. Either days. Or, 191 rulers of Kash­ International Symposium on Asia it is eternal, as was the opin­ fo r which mir reigned for 4109 years, 11 Pacific Architecture: The East-West INVITED JURORS ion of many ancient philoso­ months, and 9 days. Even Encounter, which will take place in Kenneth F. Brown (FAt A, Architect, phers, or of such antiquity as mythological legends are spring 1999 at the School of Architec­ Honolulu, USA); Kisho N. Kurokawa to approximate to eternity’. there is subjected to similar exact ture, UH Manoa. (Hon. FAIA, Kisho Kurakawa Architect & measurement. The date of Associates,Tokyo, Japan); Ronald B. Homage to Adam no exchange the Mahabharata war is fixed Eligibility & Lewcock, (RIBA, Professor o f Architecture, The format of Abul Fazl’s at 4831 years before the 40th Selection Criteria Georgia Institute ofTechnology, USA). magnum opus, the Akbar year of Akbar’s reign, ‘to­ The design award program is open Nama, makes a radical depar­ wards the close of the Dwapar to any architectural work located in TENTATIVE SCHEDULE ture from all preceding and Yuga, 135 years before the be­ Asia or countries that touch the Pa­ - 13 January ’98: even succeeding works of his­ ginning of the Kali Yuga.’ cific Ocean. Entered projects should Entry Registration Deadline tory in medieval India. The norm was Eternity, then, rather than the exact be completed between January 1987 - 23 March ’98: for a book to begin with the praise of beginning of time characterizes The concept of Time and January 1997. In evaluating the Project Submission Deadline God, Allah, followed by that of Mu­ human history which finds its fulfil­ The precision of measurement of competition submissions, the jury - 14-16 A pril’98: hammad, the prophet of Islam, ex­ ment in the person and the reign of time, sometimes going into hours will seek a design intervention that Jury in UH Manoa, Honolulu, USA tended to the sequence of the Caliphs, Akbar. Eternity characterizes not and minutes, is itself unique, for makes the most sensitive, creative, - I May 1998: the past rulers and terminating with merely the past of which Akbar is the medieval historians usually record and critical response to its immedi­ Design Award Announcement the reign of the current ruler. This legatee but also the future: ‘May Al­ events with a far greater flexibility of ate built, cultural, and natural envi­ - April 1999: Award Winner invited as clearly implied the tracing of political mighty God hold aloft, for epochs and attitude. Also unique is the incipient ronments. They will aim to select an Guest Speaker to the Third International descent of the current ruler through cycles, this chosen one from eternity perception of time as precious and architectural project that is evoked Symposium on Asia Pacific Architecture the denominational lineage of Islam. on the masnad (throne) ofbounty, and therefore to be cherished than being from, and enhances, the context of Abul Fazl opens the Akbar Nama with on the throne of the empire that he wasted. ‘Time’, says Abul Fazl, ‘is its historically built location. the praise of Allah, of course, but may conduct the affairs of the world precious for which there is no ex­ For information / registration forms contact: omits the mention of Muhammad al­ and of mankind.’ Time thus freezes as change.’ Indeed, the manner of a Registration Procedure DR SAMIA RAB together and instead pays homage to it reaches its fulfilment in Akbar’s king’s spending his time is crucial to The School of Architecture, should Design Award Programme Chair Adam, the first human being, born reign. success: ‘The success of the branches receive a registration fee of US $ 100 for 2410 Campus Road, Room 301G ‘without the intervention of a father’s of government, and the fulfilment of each project submission, no later than School of Architecture loins and a mother's womb...’ He Universal peace the wishes of the subjects, whether January 13, 1998. Upon receipt of the University of Hawai’i at Manoa turns very ambiguous about the no­ It was in the universality of reli­ great or small, depend upon the registration form and fee, the Design Honolulu, HI 96822, USA tion of the birth of Adam 7000 years giosity vs the fractious denomina­ manner in which a king spends his Award Committee will send an offi­ Tel: + 1-808-9563515 ago, for if he accepts the exact date at tions of religions and the eternal ex­ time.’ Akbar too seems to have sha­ cial entry package to the prospective Fax: + 1 -808-9567778 one place, he develops doubts about it istence of the past and future of hu­ red the notion of the value of time, entrants. This package includes de­ E-mail: [email protected]

6 ■ HAS NEWSLETTER N? 14 • Autumn 1997 GENERAL NEWS

20 ► 22 JUNE 1997 Professor James PAMPLONA, SPAIN Douglas Pearson (Sixth International 1911-1997 Conference of the World History Association

Originally it had been planned to hold the 6th international sometimes given the impression conference of the World History Association WHA in Jerusa­ that, for European historians at lem suitably located at a crossroads between East and West on least, a new historiographical ap­ the Mediterranean Sea. For saftey reasons, however, the con­ proach was being created - one in ference location was finally transferred to Pamplona, Spain, which history was constructed ac­ and was concluded just before the ETA became again active in cording to a set of inherent rules or this region. principles, independent of the ac­ tions of man. ‘History’ seems to be­ come the subject determining what ■ By ANGELA SC H OTTE N H AMM E R had happened in the past. wenty different several varieties of capitalism, has panels, including prompted a search for non-material As Professor O’Brien noted in his roundtable dis­ origins of change and meaning in concluding contribution, the aims of cussions and three ple­ history that again point towards the conference, generally speaking, nary presentations, were non-European, non-Christian cul­ were fulfilled. If the WHA momen­ held over these three tures and family systems.’ tum continues, we shall perhaps in days, covering numerous fields of It was in this context that the fol­ the future eventually be able to historical research and pedagogy, in­ lowing conference sessions were or­ write the histoty of mankind. ■ cluding topics focusing on methodi­ ganized, each covering three to four Dr Angela Schottenhammer J.D. (Jim) Pearson died on Friday x August 1997f at the age of cal-structural problems of historio­ papers: 1. Culture and Empire: Inter­ ([email protected]) is 85. He had suffered a stroke about a week previously. graphy. nal and External Dynamics. 2. World The professed aims of the confer­ History Pedagogy (1): North Ameri­ a research fellow at the HAS working on further volume in this series at the ence were both practical and theo­ can Models. 3. Place and displace­ the topic ‘History o f the Overseas Trade o f By GEOFFREY ROPER Quanzhou in the Chinese Province Fujian time of his death. retical: practically speaking, the ment in South Asian Pilgrimage Tra­ ditions. 4. Trade and Cultural Ex­ from the 10th to the early 14th centuries’. rofessor Pearson WHA aim was to create an (interna­ change in the Indian Ocean before was one of the In 1972 he was appointed Senior tional) community within historical the Modern Era. 5. Law and Human most eminent, and Fellow, and subsequently Professor research; this represents both a re­ Rights. 6. World History Pedagogy ARCHIV ORIENTALNI pioneering, librarians of Bibliography with reference to sponse to the fragmentation of his­ rchiv Orientalni is and bibliographers in Asia and Africa in the University of tory, and a wish to stimulate the (2): Thematic Approaches. 7. Place S h o rt N ew s a quarterly jour- the field of Asian Stud­ London. He retired from this post in search for comparisons and contrasts and Displacement in South Asian Al _ _ n a l of the Oriental ies. Born in December 1911, he grew 1979 and moved back to his native between areas and countries all over Pilgrimage Traditions. 8. Structur­ l\, P _ Institute of the Academy up and was educated in humble cir­ Cambridge, while still working on the world. The theoretical purpose, ing the World. 9. Diaspora and the %2m. I of Sciences of the Czech cumstances in Cambridge, First em­ Index Islamicus. In 1982 he arranged as Professor Patrick O’Brien of the Creation of Urban space. 10. Pilgrim­ republic for the study of ployed in Cambridge University Li­ for Cambridge University Library to International Institute of Historical age and Exchange in Early Islam. 11. the history, economy, culture, and brary at the age of sixteen as a book- take this over, and from then on­ Research at the University of London World History Pedagogy (3): Histori­ society of African and Asian coun­ fetcher, he developed a taste for, and wards devoted himself to other bib­ stressed in a humorous speech at the ography and Practice in African Ap­ tries. It was founded in 1929 by Bed- skill in, ‘exotic’ languages, and was liographical projects. close of the conference, was to focus proaches to World History. 12. Chan­ rich Hrozny and is edited by Lubica awarded a scholarship which ena­ on the questions of how to under­ ge in the Mediterranean World. 13. Obuchova in cooperation with an bled him to graduate from the Uni­ Apart from his own work as librar­ stand the past, and how to teach and World History Pedagogy (4): North editorial board. Now an Index to versity in 1936. He was then em­ ian and bibliographer, he was active write history. In other words, the American Models. 14. Round Table Volumes 1-60 (1929-1992) has been ployed in the Oriental Section of the in encouraging and inspiring col­ WHA wants historians to rethink Discussion: Approaches to ‘Big His­ published which has the following Library until 1941, when he was en­ leagues elsewhere in Britain and historiographical concepts, to chal­ tory’: Setting the Context for Huma­ table of contents: listed for war service until 1945. He other countries to follow his lead. lenge traditional concepts, and to re­ nity’s Common Past. 15. Conceptual­ Introductory note by Josef Kolmas; worked again in Cambridge Univer­ From the 1960s onwards he encour­ consider the writing of history. To izing Medieval Islam. 16. Pilgrims Sixty Years of Archiv orientalni (Bla- sity Library as an Assistant Under-Li­ aged Asian Studies librarians to this end, international and global and Pilgrimage. 17. Cultures of West Asia and the Mediterranean World. hoslav Hruska); Contents of the Sin­ brarian from 1945 unul 1950- come together in groups or associa­ connections and comparisons tions, and participated in several of should be established between the 18. Early Popular Religious Practices gle Volumes 1-60 in chronological order; Subject Index; Name Index; In 1950 he was appointed Librarian these himself An enthusiastic and United States and Europe and Asia. in the Eastern Mediterranean. 19. Index to occasional papers Connect­ of the School of Oriental and African assiduous traveller, he visited many All areas of convergence - in the World History Pedagogy (5): Models ed with Czech and/or Slovak Orien­ Studies (SOAS) in London, and from colleagues, Orientalists and scholars course of the conference mostly re­ from Romania, Crete, New Zealand, tal Studies: Bibliographies, Anniver­ then until 1972 oversaw the drastic throughout the world, becoming ferred to as crossroads - political, ec­ and Latin America. 20. Roundtable saries, Obituaries; Editors and Col­ expansion and development of the well known for his genial conviviali­ onomic, cultural and historical - Discussion: The End of History or laborators of Archiv Orientalni. ■ SOAS Library in what were probably ty, as well as his practical advice. should be highlighted, laying special Continous, Conflictual History? The the most important years of its his­ emphasis on contrasting state and Paradigms of Francis Fukuyama and ARCHIV ORIENTALNI tory. As well as librarianship, howev­ He will be greatly missed and society within history at various lev­ Samual P. Huntington, and the Fu­ Index to Volumes I~60 (1929-1992). er, he also devoted himself to bibli­ mourned, not only by his British col­ els, such as political and personal, ture of World History. The plenary Compiled and edited by Lubica ography (in the enumerative sense), leagues, but also by a wide interna­ central and peripheral, and on find­ presentations comprised discussions Obuchova with the assistance of being responsible for a number of tional circle of friends, companions ing parallels for European and on the topics ‘Women and Gender’, Josef Kolmas and Blahoslav Hruska. fundamental reference tools and and collaborators, and by all those American developments in other ‘Pilgrimage’, as well as above-men­ Oriental Institute, Prague 1996. 355 pp. surveys, most notably Index Islamicus, who have benefited from his biblio­ countries and regions. tioned speech by Professor Patrick Available from John Benjamins which began publication in 1958, graphical legacy. ■ O’Brien on ‘European Traditions and Publishing Co., Oriental and Asian bibliography: an in­ Rethinking the past Current Practices in the Study of P.O.Box 75577, 1070AN Amsterdam troduction (1966), Oriental Manuscripts What is the deeper reason behind World History’. the Netherlands. in Europe and North America (1971), A this kind of rethinking, this re-in­ World Bibliography of Oriental Bibliog­ terpreting of the past? It could be Crossroads EDITORIAL OFFICE raphies (1975), South Asian Bibliogra­ said in the words used in the an­ Within their ‘search for non-mate­ Pod Vodarenskou vezi 4 phy: a Handbook and Guide, compiled nouncement of the 66th Anglo- rial origins of the change of history 182 08 Prague 8 by the South Asia Library Group American conference of Historians, many contributions did indeed dis­ Czech Republic under his editorship (1979), and the Institute of Historical Research at cover interesting parallels and high­ Tel: +42-2-66052483 series of comprehensive surveys of Geoffrey Roper is attached to the Islamic the University of London, that ‘the lighted areas of cultural and histori­ Fax: +42-2-6897260 British archives relating to Asia Bibliography Unit, Cambridge University doubtless exaggerated decline of so­ cal convergence (‘raised all crossro­ E-mail: [email protected] (1965-90). He was still working on a Library cialist paradigms and the triumph of ads’). However, the listener was

Summer 1997 • IIAS NEWSLETTER N? 14 • 7 GENERAL NEWS

2 ► 3 JUNE 1997 upperworld, metal, and the under­ ling priests recite narratives about LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS world, water, which should be un­ deities whose images are painted on derstood as destroying one’s own a cloth, the painting being a temple evil self in order to protect one’s pos­ to the deity. The question he raised itive self Sumo wrestling, in which was how the orality and the painted these oppositional forces are put at side interact with each other. The Relationship balance so that the negative aspects The oral side of the tradition will not dominate, should be placed shows the way the painting works. within the same context of a balance Although in the first instance the of nature. painted narrative seems to be made between The lecture by Professor Boude- up of various little scenes, the story wijn Walraven of Leiden University recited in the all night performance on ‘Eloquent Objects and Tangible shows that the people portrayed Tales: the Korean Buddhist Tradi­ moving around, interacting with Oral Traditions and tion’ focused on the imaginary space each other. In this way the layout of in Korean Buddhism created by the painting becomes a geographical means of tales and material objects. and cosmographic map. Not time, In Korea, for about a millenium and but space and place are the binding the Visual Arts a half, there has been a constant in­ principles. By means of the narrative teraction between the written and the painting becomes a continuum the oral. Even though classical Chi­ rather than ambigious little scenes. In the context of their annual seminar, the CNWS research paintings and sculptures in temples nese texts often provided the source, For each performance the pictures cluster Intercultural Study o f Literature and Society (ISLS), in and on sacred places in India. Collec­ monks of the temples would relate are recomposed and in this way the co-operation with the African Studies Centre, the National tive memories, facts that people stories about famous monks or narratives do not express the paint­ Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, and the CNWS research cluster want to remember and to pass on (to about the origin of temples to the ing, but rather create a movement in Art and Material Culture, organized a two-day seminar on the be distinguished from written histo­ Buddhist faithful who visited them, and among the pictures. It is not relationship between the verbal (oral literature] and the visual ry] are kept alive by and handed starting a cycle of oral propagation what the pictures say that is impor­ (forms and expressions of material culture]. The special focus down through collective rituals. The of a story. Temples, objects, and tant, but what they refer to. of this year’s seminar was a discussion of parallels and diffe­ study of lieux de mémoire should take landscapes became textualized as rences in meaning and function between productions in the into account the context of place, oc­ such, creating an imaginary space G raffiti two areas of artistic expression, as well as theoretical reflec­ casion, and the stories. Rituals are within Korean Buddhism. The seminar closed with a double tions on intercultural aesthetic norms, concepts, and methods held at ‘sacred’ places which are mar­ The first day closed with two PhD lecture by Professor Gananath Obey- of approach. Some prominent guest speakers were invited. ked by a monument, on fixed dates research presentations. In his contri­ esekere of Princeton University and a and occasions, and particular stories bution ‘How the Ancestors came to Fellow at the HAS, Leiden, and Pro­ are attached to them. Pictures and the South Sumatran Highlands: Sto­ fessor Mineke Schipper of Leiden ■ By BEATRIZ VAN DER GOES & DOORTJE WARTENA inscriptions on the monuments give ries of Settlements’, the first of these, University. In his lecture ‘Myth of ■ T ^ rofessor Mineke an idea of the stories that are told Bart Barendregt (CNWS, Leiden) the Human Sacrifice: Oral Narrative, Schipper (Leiden during the rituals. The focus should showed that stories were strategic Sixth Century Text (Maharamsa) and J - University] ope­ be on the visual material rather than instruments for claiming land in the an Archaeological Site (Sigiriya)', ned the seminar high­ on history. The artistic quality of Pasemah area of southern Sumatra. Professor Obeyesekere deconstructed lighting problems in these pictures and monuments is of Claims to land made by tracing back William Geiger’s translation of the and opportunities for secondary importance. In contrast to descent from one of the founders text of Maharamsa and its connec­ the study of African and Asian arts modern art, which is highly individ­ was an important tool in conceptu­ tion with the archaeological site at and traditions. African and Asian ual, most sacred art is the product of alizing the landscape for the Pase­ Sigiriya in northwestern Sri Lanka. arts and (oral] literature have been the expectations of the people and mah, and names or significant forms He compared the written text with studied mainly by anthropologists, often fairly conservative in style. of the landscape still refer to the the oral narratives he collected about who have rarely approached them as The second speaker, Dr Sultan travels of these founders. Sigiriya (the land mountain or the art but used them mainly as histori­ Somjee (National Museum of Kenya] In her talk on ‘Transcending House land city). According to Obeyesekere, cal, sociological, and anthropological talked about ‘The eye knowledge of Constructions by Song: Male and Fe­ Geiger was tempted to see the story documents. One difficulty for the the Masai; Masai oral literature male Perspectives’, the second speak­ as history. In fact, not the history study of non-Western arts is that the about ornament’, while Gertrud van er, Beatriz van der Goes (CNWS, Leid­ but rather what is offered in the con­ methods and theoretical frameworks Loon (CNWS, Leiden) presented her en) showed that among the Karo struction of the history is of impor­ used to study the arts have been de­ PhD research results in a contribu- Batak of North Sumatra ‘songs of a tance in analysing texts and archaeo­ veloped in the West, in relation to tiuon on ‘The Meeting of Abram and house’, which are sung during the logical sites. The speaker presented Western arts. Melchizedek: Legends, Liturgy and inaugurationof a house, explain the several examples of (misinterpreta­ Researchers of African, Asian, and Mural Paintings in Egypt’. principles of a house to the audience, tions by Geiger, and compared these European art need to learn from binding together the system, the with the text of the original sixth- eachother. In (Western] arts, artist- Man and dragon way of life, rules, and the component century manuscript. To this he centred interpretations of art are In his lecture ‘Fatal attraction: the parts of a house. Such songs of a added comments by eighth-century still predominate. The study of Afri­ Dragon in Japanese...’, Professor Wil­ house provide some answers to the tourists, left as a form of graffiti at can art has taught us that viewers, lem van Gulik of Leiden University, question of what a house really is. In the temple site. To Obeyesekere, tex­ users, worshippers, diviners, and the presented the theme of the dragon as these songs, a male singer tends to tual versions are debates, and de­ like, all bring signification to work part of both a folklore and a visual stress the process of creation, con­ bates are started by hidden parts in of art, showing that we must take tradition in Japan. The dragon is de­ centrating on the question why and the texts. the social context of the work into picted as both a celestial and terres- how people build and inhabit hous­ In her lecture on ‘Myths of Euro- account. tial being, showing its ambivalent es. Female singers pay more atten­ peanity. Inventions in African Art A challenge in the comparative character: fierce and virtuous. Japa­ tion to the identification of the ob­ and Narrative’, Professor Mineke study of verbal and visual arts is the nese visual arts give a special place to ject (i.e. the house) which was born a Schipper of Leiden University, pre­ search in semiotics for a general aes­ the white dragon which is seen as few hours ago. Both perspectives sented the way in which the coming thetic theory, and the discovery and the mediator between man and the transcend the material quality of of white people had given impetus to application of a common terminolo­ gods. In Japanese oral tradition the houses, as they stress elements the development of masks and oral gy. The modest goal of this seminar white dragon is a manifestation of which go beyond solely observation­ tradition. was to describe how words and im­ the transformation from animal to al ones. The topics presented at this semi­ ages occur together, and to show the human form, which is connected The second day, the seminar was nar highlighted a new approach to interactional process between oral with the marriage of an ordinary confined only to the morning, and the study of material culture, stress­ traditions and arts in concrete situa­ man and the dragon king’s daugh­ itr was the turn of a number of for­ ing the importance of the verbal as it tions. ter. The interrelationship between eign guest speakers. The first of contributes to the dynamics of and the verbal and the visual reveals op- these Dr. John Picton of SOAS, Lon­ the movement within a visual ob­ Les lieux de m ém oire positional dimensions of benevo­ don, spoke on ‘Song Texts and Mas­ ject. In spite of this stress on the ver­ The first speaker at the seminar, lence and evil in both man and drag­ ked Performance, a Study of Masque­ bal, the majority of the speakers still Professor Karel van Kooij of Leiden on, which are mediated by means of rade in Nigeria’. preferred a visual (slides) rather than University adapted P. Nora’s (1984] the five natural elements of water, an auditory (chants) approach in concept ‘Les lieux de mémoire’ (me­ fire, wood, metal, and earth, and by Narratives presenting their material. ■ morial sites] for the study of rituals Yin/Yang theories. The combination The contribution by Dr John D. and ritual objects in the Netherlands of these elements points to a mutual Smith of Cambridge University, ‘Pa- and in India, focusing on the Second production order or to a mutual con­ buji: Oral and Painted Narrative in World War monument in Utrecht quest order. For instance, a picture India’, discussed the relationship be­ and Remembrance Day (4 May] com­ showing a man fighting a dragon tween painted and spoken narra­ memorative services there, and on with a sword shows elements of the tives. In southeast Rajahstan travel­

8 • IIAS NEWSLETTER N? 14 • Autumn 1997 GENERAL NEWS

the constraints of Eurocentrism poetics which thrives as the foremost 16 >- 22 AUGUST 1 997 which, she says, has plagued the disci­ thrust into the entrenched tradition­ LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS pline in the past. She cites the enor­ al Establishment writing in the West. mous success of the 1991 Tokyo con­ How anti-colonial may the postcolo­ gress which afforded greater Asian nial Asian writer or poet be, if he participation. For her, the idea of civ­ merely imitates the nineteenth cen­ ilization promoted by colonialist na­ tury Romantics, or the modernday XVth Triennial Congress Arts Council or British Council bol­ tions was that it institutionalized the taming and civilizing of ‘barbarian’ stered and financed traditional poet­ Asian and Third-World countries. She ics? Thus a literary colonialism flour­ advocates a new programme for ishes through the awarding of Com­ of the International monwealth prizes to lesser talents in teaching the young, where the old syllabuses weighted down with the former colonies. Shakespeare and the Greeks should Comparative Literature give way to less hierarchical forms Western influences and methods, by using the media, As a foil to the somewhat suspect image, computer, etc. Wong Kin- anti-colonial bashing spree of Asians, Yuen from Hong Kong sees in Shake­ the doyen of Japanese comparatism speare a ‘cultural agency for the sub­ (the JCLA, the first Asian national or­ Association ganization founded in 1948, boasts of altern’, though she does not quite see in Bernard Shaw or even John Gals­ a 1000 members), Haga Toru of Kyoto, admits openly to foreign influence: The XVth Triennial Congress of the International Comparati­ sible synaptic linkages to avoid isola­ worthy similar threats to the island’s 2000 years of Chinese and Korean, 400 ve Literature Association (ICLA), the parent body of some tion of sectional themes. Others open­ young. Likewise K. Cheung from years of European through the Dutch, seventy national organizations, convened in the delectable ly complained about the lack of selec­ Soochow University simply floun­ and 250 years through a study of old-world charm and ambience of Leiden, from 16 to 22 Au­ tion in the presentation of papers. dered, unable even to field or respond Western science and culture. Having gust 1997, for its usual business: general assembly and election Some papers, indeed, were particular­ to questions. organized and chaired the highly ex­ of executive committee, while languidly raging through 628 ly non-comparative, partly due to the In a carefully argued paper - citing intercultural session on ‘Vin­ listed papers on the general theme of Literature as Cultural sectional themes, and they could very though a touch too subtle in the cent van Gogh and literature’, he feels Memory. well have been delivered at national manner of an Oxford don - on The literature conferences. Papers by some Code o f Gentoo Laws (1776), Nalini Jain, that Van Gogh had exerted a very con­ Indians, Chinese, and Koreans fell a professor of English at Delhi, away siderable influence both as a painter By T. WIGNESAN into this category. At the same time, on leave at Nagoya University, decries and as a letter-writer on many young­ er Japanese painters and poets, such ith over 4500 the encroachment of cultural studies both the author, Nathaniel B. Halhed, as, the painter Kishida and the poets members world­ into the CL discipline, too, was looked and the then Governor-General of Hagiwara and Jaito Mokichi, Japan’s wide, the pres­ upon with chariness. India, Warren Hastings, the book’s premier poet. He avers that there is ‘a ence of some 650 partici­ patron, as tools in ‘the makings and very strong Van Gogh fever in Japan’, pants, including a hun­ Of the Asian countries, delegates the machinations of the discourse of many artists, students, critics and dred and fifty or so Asia- hailed mainly from Japan (57 and 9 empire’, without perhaps realizing scholars being inspired by a host of nists, made this get-together of com- from the West), China (2 6 and 12 from that the Hindu laws were collected translations of van Gogh-iana into paratists - most ably held together by the West), India (16), South Korea (13), through the expertise of‘eleven Brah­ Japanese. ‘Vincent van Gogh was al­ the University’s dynamic and indefat­ Hong Kong (10), Taiwan (9), Macau (3), mans, learned in the Hindu Shastras’, most a saint to the Japanese,’ he af­ igable general organizer: Theo d’Haen Israel (2), and Jordan (1), though the themselves the purveyors of an impe­ firms in all sincerity. Likewise, Yu - particularly memorable. The ICLA Asianists also spoke from well-en­ rial ‘castial’ discourse, that Tabish Jongho of Yonsei University, traced was founded in 1954 at Oxford Uni­ trenched positions in Europe and Khair, a Bihari from Copenhagen the development of Korean tradition­ versity and has its legal premises at North America, as was the case with University, ably deconstructed in his al oral poetry, from the phonic (shal­ the Sorbonne, Paris. Among the re­ the lively ‘cultural studies and East ‘Caste in Indian English fiction.’ low jingles) and semantically oriented vered figures present were Earl Miner Asian literatures’ workshop organized On the other hand, Ning Wang of (Princeton), Henry H.H. Remak (Indi­ by Sumie Jones from Bloomington, the Beijing Language and Culture (poems in prose) to the vers libre, the ana), Haga Torn (Kyoto), Eugene Eoy- Indiana. According to the omnipres­ University, sees no danger in the hy­ coin of poetic voice the world over. ang (Hong Kong-Indiana), Douwe ent Theo d’Haen, only five per cent of bridization of Chinese culture ever The rather small number of papers Fokkema (Utrecht). With the election those expected did not turn up, which since the May 4th Movement in 1919, devoted to ‘reconstructing cultural of Jean Bessière (Sorbonne-Nouvelle) also included the two star invitees: and the subsequent decolonization memory: translation, scripts and li­ as president, the ICLA is already train­ the novelist André Brink and the sem- efforts in Maoist China, as traditional teracy’ nevertheless attracted some ing its sights on the next congress at ioticist-psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva. Chinese culture was far too ‘deep- able comparatists, notably Xuanmin Luo’s ‘elegance’ in Chinese transla­ Pretoria in AD 2000. rooted’; she feels that ‘any culture, be ‘Multiculturalism must be more it Oriental or Occidental, could by no tions as a means to accepting Western This is the second time the ICLA than a trendy slogan bandied about means avoid being influenced by civilization; Eugene Chen Eoyangs chose to meet - the first at Utrecht - by politicians. It must be based on other cultures’, the very act of inter­ ‘Deja lu: recurrence, allusion, and pla­ giarism in translation’; Xiangyu Liu’s in the Netherlands. Under sweltering study-in-depth of two or more cul­ penetration and interfusion of cul­ skies, sedately trooping swans and tures. Asian culture is, in many re­ tures made it possible for diverse peo­ ‘Misreading and invention: the trans­ geese amidst blooming water-lilies in spects, older than European culture. ples to maintain mutual understand­ lation of Chinese works’; the transla­ tor of difficult classical Tamil works placid slate-green canal waters, lined It belongs to the treasure of the world. ing. with yellowing linden trees, weeping We must cherish and develop it.’ This into elegant verse in English, R. Part- willows and nineteenth-century gas- message from Henry Remak, the The argument of postcolonialism hasarathy’s ‘Translation as an after­ lampposts, the quaint, low-lying, red­ comparatist who in 1961 defined CL as and its effects seemed to preoccupy life: making dead Indian poets speak’, brick houses with low green doors 'the comparison of one literature with not just the Asians, but also Euro- and other papers by the Koreans and brick-paved narrow alleyways another or others, and [...] with other Americans residing in their midst. Dong-il Cho and Sang Ran Lee and the lent an air of languorously quiet en­ spheres of human expression’ lends John T. Dorsey of Rikkyo University Japanese Yoko Matsui and Motoko deavour to the conference sectional credence to the old Sorbonne CL outlined the African-ness of Afro- Sato. As all comparatists are well themes: nation building, colonizer and Chair: René Etiemble’s outspoken ef­ Americans in his paper: ‘African his­ aware, this is a field they owe much to colonized, the conscience o f humankind, forts to include Asian, African and tory in American plays: August Wils­ for their knowledge of the Other. gendered memories, genres as repositories Third World literatures within the on’, an otherness that was carried to A much unpublicized event of the o f cultural memoiy, methods fo r the study discipline. extremes where everything white was o f literature as cultural memoiy, recon­ non-African and therefore not part of congress took place in relative quiet structing cultural memory: translation, TLurocentrism and Otherness the Afro-American ethos, even if most but in great earnestness: the ‘poetry scripts, literacy, and (in workshops and Probably, the most sensitive issue of the African writers and poets were reading’ session, followed by a dis­ panels) intercultural studies. Not all pa­ discussed at this triennial, by both more than normally influenced by cussion. Indians however turned up pers managed to «transcend the pure­ Asians and Westerners, was the spirit their European training and educa­ in strength to listen to R. Parthasa- rathy’s translated-excerpts from the ly local and specific issues » that the of revolt against the methods and tion. epic, Cilappatikaram; Cassie Steele’s organizers had wished for, and much means by which the colonialists in­ P.P. Raveendran of Mahatma Ghan- that took place in the sections re­ doctrinated their Asian subjects in di University sees in the work of Ka- rhymed verse; J. McCorkle’s nature mained unconnected to the general the past. Papers by Chinese, Japanese, mala Das and Jayanta Mahapatra, two poetry, and another unknown poet’s experimental'asyndetic and syllabic theme. Indians, and Euro-Americans bro­ rather meek and self-centred postco­ At the ICLA outgoing-president Ge­ ached this subject with less than tact. lonial Indian poets, the process of‘co­ poetics. One wondered how compar­ lonialism in reverse’ already, appar­ atists who thrive on the creators’ Dr T . Wignesan, a researcher with rald Gillespie’s panel, Columbia Uni­ Sumie Jones, a Japanese professor ently, evident in contemporary Indi­ oeuvre could shun such a direct con­ the French National Centre for Scientific versity’s David Damrosch hoped for from Bloomington, sees the issue as an prose works, though the large frontation with the textually spoken Research (C.N.R.S.), is attached to larger, more encompassing participa­ one that could be resolved by holding claims he makes for their poems com­ word. ■ the École des Hautes Études en tion, to the tune of some 1500 partici­ the next congress in either China or pletely ignores the post-Olson Beat Sciences Sodales in Paris. pants in future congresses, with pos­ India, a physical remove away from

Summer 1997 • has n e w slette r "N? 14 • 9 GENERAL NEWS

29 ► 30 JANUARY 1 998 14 ► 15 APRIL, 1998 discussions on international migra­ LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS BEIJING, PR CHINA tion and its impacts. Topics covered will include: impacts of economic and cultural globalization on labour I migration; impacts of labour migra- [ tion on national and international Law and Labour Mobility social-economic development; struc­ tural changes in labour supply in rural and urban areas and the role of migration to these changes; prob­ Development and Migration lems of labour migration and policy, with specific reference to migrant welfare and social security, inter­ The Conference on Labour Mobility and Migration in China group relations and conflicts, public in East and and Asia will be hosted by the Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, policy and international cooperation Chinese Academy of Sciences and organized jointly by I in protection of migrants. ■ IAPS/CASS, the International Institute of Asian Studies and Southeast Asia the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague. he Conference is el has been reduced, a huge spatial Those interested to participate or wanting planned in the extension of the labour market further information on the Conference This workshop is sponsored jointly by the HAS, the Van Vollen­ context of the means that migrants are selected should contact hoven Institute for Law and Administration in Non-Western rapid pace of economic, from a much wider geographical Countries, Leiden, and the School o f Law and Legal Studies, demographic, political, range than previously. PROFESSOR TIAN HE La Trobe University, Melbourne. It is convened by Dr Chris­ and social change ob­ Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies toph Antons (La Trobe University). served in most Asian countries, one In China, where inter-regional Chinese Academy of Sciences significant element of which has and rural-urban migration has rap­ 3 Zhang Zizhong Road I I T he workshop con- also achieved greater importance been substantial increases in both idly increased in recent years, social Beijing, China 100007 I tinues an earlier and the Japanese began to exert more internal and international labour scientists studying migration flows Fax: +86-10-6406 3041 JL project on ‘Law influence in international institu­ migration. Within many nations, in­ and their consequences and policy E-mail: [email protected] and Development in tions like the World Bank, the IMF terregional and rural-urban migra­ responses are interested to compare Japan, Singapore, and In­ and the Asian Development Bank. tion has reached very large propor­ their findings with research results PROFESSOR BEN WHITE donesia’ which was Since 1991, Japanese representatives tions, and often involves a much from other Asian countries. Institute of Social Studies sponsored by the Australian Re­ of international institutions have wider range of social groups than PO Box 29776 search Council from 1994 to 1996. begun to recommend a more serious previously. As inter-regional and in­ The Conference will focus primar­ 2502 LTThe Hague The idea for the project resulted study of the ‘Japanese development ternational differences in labour ily on comparative aspects of inter­ Netherlands from intellectual property research model’. supply and demand have widened, nal migration in Asian developing Fax:+31-70-426 0799 during the 1980s when the introduc­ and the time and money cost of trav­ countries, but will include also some E-mail: [email protected] tion of intellectual property laws The Asian was often recommended to develop­ Developmental State ing countries by pointing to the eco­ Political scientists have broadened in the Malay World: Historical, Cul­ nomic success of Japan. This apprai­ the notion of a ‘Japanese develop­ tural and Social Perspectives’. This sal of the Japanese reception of West­ ment model’ to include other Asia- Engender conference was particularly signifi­ ern intellectual property law was in Pacific countries and have coined the cant in bringing together a new net­ remarkable contrast to other writ­ term ‘Asian developmental states’ work of scholars doing research on ings on the Japanese legal system for them. As development strategies Founded in December 1992, Engender is the Centre for Environ­ tribal communities across the na­ and to complaints from business cir­ are usually put into effect via legal ment, Gender and Development Pty Ltd. It is an autonomous or­ tional boundaries of Thailand, Ma­ cles about slow procedures, bureau­ and administrative regulations, it is ganization that focuses on the environmental, social, cultural, laysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. This cracy, and a use of commercial laws interesting to ask whether these and economic impact o f the rapid change occurring in Asia. conference revealed common histori­ ‘in the interests of Japan’. Towards supposedly different approaches cal processes that transcend local the end of the 1980s, Japan was at the find their reflections in the legal sys­ ■ By VIVIENNE WEE specificities. Engender’s particular height of her economic power and tems of Asia-Pacific countries. How­ interest is in the globalization of pre­ the result was a ‘learn from Japan’ ever, this does not imply an uncriti­ ngender adopts a industrial and post-industrial socie­ boom among Asianists and develop­ cal acceptance of the notion of the rH multi-disciplinary, ties. This globalization process is ex­ ment experts. This was also a time ‘Asian developmental state’. Instead, L J multi-national, and acerbating resource loss among tri­ when Japanese influence in other • * ■ it is the aim of the workshop to ex­ • mm multi-sectoral approach bal communities - for example, as m m m parts of Asia was increasing, because amine carefully whether the recent m m m in addressing the process­ their environmental habitats and re­ the Plaza Accord led to a sharp in­ experiences with East and Southeast es of change that so deep­ sources becomes tradeable property crease of the value of the Yen and to a Asian legal systems point to ap­ ly affect environment, society, culture and commodities, and as their indig­ wave of Japanese investment in East proaches different from ‘develop­ and economy. Special emphasis is enous knowledge become new intel­ and Southeast Asia. This prompted a mental states’ elsewhere and worthy given to the integration of research lectual property that can be patent­ ‘look East’ approach to development of receiving a new label. While the and applications at micro and macro ed. The Conference on Tribal Com­ policy by some of the region’s lead­ main focus of the workshop is likely levels. For example, at the micro level, munities in the Malay World found ers, most notably by Malaysia’s to be on areas of commercial law, Engender does field research with this process of resource loss to be a Prime Minister Mahathir, which other relevant fields of law and in­ local communities. At the meso level, common trend in the different socie­ was often dismissed by Western formal practices, like for example ad­ Engender is concerned with rural- ties that were discussed. At the con­ journalists as a new ‘Asian Co-Pros­ ministrative guidance, might also be urban interactions, such as labour mi­ These areas of work cluster around ference, Engender initiated a dia­ perity Sphere’. Not surprisingly, discussed. ■ gration and competitive resource allo­ two themes: logue on the sharing of strategies for after the Japanese economy went cation. At the macro level, Engender is alternative livelihoods in the face of into recession in the early 1990s, involved in issues that cross-cut na­ 1. Sustainable livelihoods and the in­ resource loss, as these old cultures those voices recommending japan tional boundaries, such as trade liber­ ternational allocation of resources undergo rapid permutations. ■ as a Model’ became rare. alization and globalization. in a globalized economy Through this blend of contrasting Thejapanese elements, Engender derives cutting- 2. The health impact of globalization DevelopmentModel edge synergy. Direct field research as mediated through environmen­ Nevertheless, Japanese investment provides the necessary data for accu­ tal, economic, and social change in Asia has continued to grow dur­ rate higher-level analysis that is ing the 1990s, with an emphasis on meaningful to real events on the Engender collaborates with a range China. Apart from the strong Yen, ground. Simultaneously, engage­ of partner organizations, both inter­ fear of rising protectionism in Eu­ ment in macro analysis provides the nationally and regionally. Recently rope and the US and the idea of using For more information about the seminar, contest for understanding the larger in March 1997, Engender collaborat­ For more information, please contact: other parts of Asia as production please contact processes that are impacting so sig­ ed with the International Institute DR VIVIENNE WEE bases has contributed to this. Many DR CHRISTOPH ANTONS nificantly on local communities. En­ for Asian Studies (HAS) in the Nether­ Executive Director Engender Southeast Asian governments wel­ MAS gender is thus well-positioned both lands, the Institut fiir Ethnologie, Centre for Environment comed this Japanese interest at a RO.Box 9515 to do research and to draw out the Westfalische-Wilhelms-Universitat Gender and Development Pte Ltd time when they felt neglected by Eu­ 2300 RA Leiden full implications of research findings Münster in Germany, and the Insti­ 14C Trengganu Street, Singapore 058468 rope and the US. With European and The Netherlands for a range of audiences, including tute of Southeast Asian Studies in Tel: +65-2271439 / Fax: +65-2277897 American aid diverted to Eastern Eu­ Tel:+3 I-71-527 22 27 academe, the corporate sector, policy Singapore in organizing a landmark E-mail: [email protected] rope and Latin America, Japanese aid Fax:+31-71-527 4 1 62 sector, the media, and civil society. conference on 'Tribal Communities Internet: http://www.engender.org.sg

I O • HAS NEWSLETTER W14 • Autumn I997 GENERAL NEWS

19 ► 20 FEBRUARY 1998 LEIDEN AND THE HAGUE, THE NETHERLANDS V.S.NaipaulsNew Islamic Travelogue Relations Published in Dutch between The Believers Revisited

V.S. Naipaul Meer dan geloof Latin-America Islamitische reizen onder de bekeerde volken Amsterdam/Antwerpen: and Asia Atlas, 479 pp. Hfl. 59,90 By NICO KAPTEIN

uring the sixties, Union. How will the recent and ex­ t the end of last I some south-south panding interests between Asia and August, V.S. Nai- relations devel­ Latin Americas affect the relations of paul’s latest book oped as a consequence of the European Union with Mercosul appeared - surprisingly the non-aligned politics or ASEAN? Specialists from the three - in a Dutch translation. of countries in Africa, continents will be invited to give The title of the book Asia and Latin America. However, their view. Observers are very wel­ reads Beyond Belie/ A Journey among these relations did not go much fur­ come. They are requested to inform the Converted Peoples. According to a ther than the political framework of Marianne Wiesebron beforehand of spokesman of the Dutch publisher, that time. After this period, most their intention to attend, so that ad­ Atlas, Naipaul gave the scoop of the Latin American countries, foremost equate arrangements can be made. book to them as a gesture of friend­ during the decades of military dictat­ ship. This unusual procedure has en­ orships, became incorporated in the The symposium is sponsored by abled this Dutch publisher, who has United States hemispherical security the HAS and CNWS and organized by already published nine of Naipaul’s system, reinforced when Cuba be­ Dr Marianne L. Wiesebron and Pro­ other books, to sell the translation to came a member of the Soviet bloc and fessor Kurt Radtke (both Leiden Uni­ a Dutch-speaking audience, who several Central American countries versity). ■ would have bought the undoubtedly were, in American eyes, at risk ti go cheaper English edition had this ap­ the same way. The end of East-West peared first. confrontation eased North-American Beyond Belief is a sequel to Nai- preoccupations regarding Latin paul’s notorious Among the Believers written down by Naipaul. The focus passage on the Mogul monuments | America and especially South Ameri­ which was published in 1981, and in is on the individual human experi­ in Lahore, their falling into disrepair ! can countries began to look else­ the present book he reports about a ence, and the social and political set­ is explained in a similar way: ‘For the where. his five-month journey in 1995 to ting is provided only if this leads to a convert his own land does not have In the nineties, south-south rela­ For more information: the same countries on which he better understanding of the person any religious or historical signifi­ tions are starting afresh on a more DR MARIANNE L. WIESEBRON wrote in his Among the Believers: In­ with whom the author is talking. cance’. solid basis. This time, the rapproche­ Department of Latin American Studies donesia, Iran, Pakistan, and Malay­ Extremely fascinating are the This pressure on the cultural iden­ ment is not based on political rea­ Leiden University, P.O. Box 9515 sia. In both travel books the author parts in Beyond Belief where Naipaul tity of non-Arab Muslim peoples is sons but in the first instance on mu­ 2300 RA Leiden,The Netherlands sets to work in the same way: in es­ describes his meetings with persons one of the leading themes in the tual economic interests. Other areas Tel:+31-71-5272063 sence the book consists of life stories whom he had also met during his book. According to the Prologue to of co-operation are joint projects in Fax:+31-71-5272615 of numerous individuals from these first Islamic journey. For instance, in the book, any non-Arab Muslim is a technology, sciences and develop­ E-mail: [email protected] countries, as these are told to and Among the Believers it is reported that convert and, because Islam is origi­ ment of energy sources. Strategic as­ the Indonesian Muslim preacher, nally an Arab religion, any such pects can also play a role. Imaduddin, had had a very difficult Muslim has become part of the his­ While on the African continent (Advertisement) time trying to make a living and had tory of the Arabs. As a consequence, I there is only one country involved in even been sent to jail for fourteen the ‘converted peoples’ are forced to these south-south relations, namely months. Seventeen years later, in deny their own identities, which South Africa, in Asia and Latin Amer­ 1995, this preacher was wealthy and causes an enormous violation of ica there are quite a number which was mixing in the highest political their original forms of society; this are establishing new contacts or re- C H A R B O ’S circles around the Indonesian minis­ accounts for an element of neurosis establishing long-lost ones. There ter of technology, Habibie. Another and nihilism in the Islam of these has been an important immigration ANTIQUARIAAT example of such a revisit is that to lands, as well as their easy inflam­ flow from Asian countries to a num­ Ayatollah Khalkhalli, the former mability. ber of Latin American countries in Specialising in antiquarian and old books on: hanging judge and one of the stars of Although Bejyond Belief thus pro­ the first decades of this century, history the Islamic Revolution in Iran, who vides a very personal view of the four mainly from China and japan to now, in the post-revolutionary and converted peoples dealt with, their ethnography countries such as Brazil and Peru. post-war period, has been complete­ recent history and their cultural These immigrants play a role in the topography ly removed from the centre of power. identities, the circumstance that recent developments. travel Although Naipaul lets the people this person is a highly reputed, in­ Chile, because of its geographical speak for themselves and, on the ternational literary figure, makes maritime history situation, wants to invest substan­ whole, his own voice seems to be the book a very worthwhile read. tially in its relations with Asia, espe­ colonial history more in the background in this lat­ Unfortunately, readers who have not cially China, and is a member of culture and art est book than it was in Among the Be­ mastered Dutch will have to wait for APEC. Over the years, Brazil has es­ lievers, this does not mean that the some time, because the book will tablished numerous business ven­ Our up-to-date catalogue of books on ASIA present book lacks his sharp, person­ only become available in the English tures with japan and is now elabo­ can be consulted on INTERNET: al, and often highly controversial ob­ original in the spring of 1998. ■ rating contacts with China, Malay­ http://iias.leidenuniv.nl/books/charbo servations. One example of this is sia, Indonesia and India. There is an Naipaul’s view of the cultural iden­ interest in countries of both conti­ tity of the Indonesian people. After CHARBO’S nents to intensify and expand on having visited an indigenous, pre-Is- mutual relations, especially in the ANTIQUARIAAT lamic holy place in Sumatra, he be­ field of technology, education, and Koninginneweg 79 wails that ‘the cruelty of Islamic fun­ communication. NL-1075 CJ Amsterdam damentalism' only recognizes the The Netherlands past and the holy places of the Arabs, The symposium proposes to ad­ Telephone: +31-20-67612 29 while the peoples who have convert­ Dr Nico Kaptein is attached to dress a number of these issues and Telefax: +31-20-676 17 26 ed to Islam are forced, to abandon the Projects Division of the Department the possible consequences of these their own past, which is ‘the most of Languages and Cultures of Southeast new developments for the European ruthless form of imperialism’. In a Asia and Oceania, Leiden University.

Summer 1997 • HAS newsletter W14 • 11 REGIONAL NEWS

AFGHANISTAN • KAZAKHSTAN Central KYRGYZSTAN • MONGOLIA TAJIKISTAN • TIBET Asia TURKMENISTAN • UZBEKISTAN XI NJ I ANG-UYGU R

graphical disputes and sadly has highest for Even and Nanai (accord­ family is well established by now, caused the delay in the publication ing to the t989 census of population many problems remain, due to the of Even folklore texts. about 44% of these nationalities con­ fact that many convergences may be Tungusic and The written form of Evenki, Even, sider as their mother tongue) and due both to genetic and areal fac­ and Nanai is used in publication of lowest for minor East Tungusic lan­ tors. textbooks for primary schools, as guages, as well as Negidal. The Typologically, in many respects well as for fiction, both original and speakers undergo language shift to Tungusic languages are ‘well-be­ Altaic studies in translated from Russian. Still, the Russian or (for North Tungusic lan­ haved Altaic languages’. In phonolo­ so-called literary languages are par- guages) to Yakut. The data on bi- gy they exhibit vowel harmony and | daily artificial constructs, heavily and multi-lingualism among speak­ a phonemic vowel length. East Tun­ influenced by prescriptive gram­ ers of Tungusic (and other Siberian gusic languages have also developed St.Petersburg mars and largely restricted to a writ­ languages) is summarized in contri­ diphthongs (or the glottal stop, as in ten form. Many specimens of the lit­ butions to the recently published the case of Udihe] due to the loss of erary language are also handicapped first volume of the Contactological intervocalic consonants. As other Al­ St.Petersburg is known as a traditional centre of Northern because they represent a curious Dictionary, mostly written by the taic languages Tungusic languages Studies (Severovedenie] in Russia. As early as the 18th century, mixture of different dialect norms specialists from Altaic and Palaeosi- are agglutinating, making use ex­ the Academy of Sciences in St.Petersburg took the initiative in as a result of texts written in one di­ berian departments; for a socio-lin­ clusively of suffixation. Syntactical­ exploring the languages and peoples of Siberia, which led to a alect being (inconsistently) ‘edited’ guistic situation, in general, see also ly they are nominative-accusative number o f expeditions. In post-revolutionary years, Leningrad by a speaker of another dialect. All De Graaf, T. & R. Nieuweboer, ‘Lan­ languages with the basic word order specialists participated in the creation of alphabets for the j this makes all the more urgent the guages and cultures of the Arctic Re­ SOV. In possessive constructions, peoples of the Far North. Nowadays the research on Siberian task of documentation of authentic gion in the former Soviet Union’ Cir­ the dependency relation is marked languages and cultures is concentrated in the Altaic and Palae- j data, even for seemingly well-docu­ cumpolar Journal , 1-2, 1993). The ag­ on the head noun by means of pos­ osiberian departments o f the Institute for Linguistic Research mented Tungusic languages. gravating tendency towards lan­ sessive endings, whereas the posses­ (Russian Academy o f Sciences], as well as in the Institute o f An­ The major Tungusic languages guage shift still persists in spite of sor remains normally unmarked thropology (Kunstkamera] and at Hertzen Institute (now cal­ are taught as a subject in primary the recent vigorous efforts to pre­ (genitive case is retained only in led State Pedagogical University). school in communities with concen­ serve Siberian languages and bring Manchu). One specific feature of tration of Tungusic population. At a about a reversal of language death, Tungusic languages is the use of an ■ By ANDREJ L. MALCHUKOV discussion Manchu Studies will be higher level of education Tungusic co-ordinated by the Association of additional marker for alienable pos­ largely disregarded since they have languages are taught at some peda­ Northern Minorities, founded in session. Complement clauses are ! | 1 he Tungusic Ian- been traditionally more intimately imumi gogical colleges for Northern na­ 1993- formally patterned as possessive guages are tradi- j connected with Sinological, than tionalities, at the Faculty of Peoples phrases with participles taking cor­ tionally divided JL Northern Studies. of the Far North of Hertzen State A linguistic view point responding case suffixes and posses­ * ■ ■ ■ ■ a into North Tungusic (Si­ Manchu (as well as the closely re­ Pedagogical University (St.Peters­ The research on Tungusic and a a a sive endings; adverbial clauses are a a a berian) branch, East lated, extinct Jurchen) is exceptional burg) and at the department of other Siberian languages was ini­ based on either participles taking lo­ Tungusic (Amur) among Tungusic languages in that Northern Philology of the State Uni­ tiated by the Russian Academy of cative cases or converbs. Partially branch, and South Tungusic (Man- it has had a written form (originally versity in Yakutsk. Sciences as early as the 18th century. due to existence of the two opposed chu) branch, of which the last is not in an adapted Mongolian script) Currently all Tungusic languages In the 18th and 19th centuries, trav­ sets of possessive suffixes, personal represented on the Russian territo­ since the 16th century. The first at­ are endangered, admittedly to dif- elling European scholars, such as and reflexive, Tungusic languages ry. Evenki, Solon, Negidal, and Even tempt to introduce a writ­ N.W. Witzen, D.G. Mes- have developed a system of switch- belong to North Tungusic languag­ ing system for a (North) serschmidt, P.J. Stralenberg, reference more strictly than, say, es and Nanai, Ulcha, Orok (Uilta), Tungusic language was P.S. Pallas, and later also A.F. Turkic languages. Oroch and Udihe belong to the East made in the middle of the Middendorf R.K. Maak, and Tungusic languages differ from Tungusic languages. Arguably, 19th century by the Russian especially M.A. Castren other branches of Altaic in that they Oroch and Udihe have an interme­ M missionary Stefan Popov, any varieties greatly contributed to have developed synthetic aspectual diate position between East and who published ‘The Tungus Northern Studies. Inciden­ markers (Aktionsarten), which are North Tungusic languages. Speakers ABC with prayers’ in 1858, of Tungusic tally it was the Dutch schol­ especially numerous in North Tun­ of North Tungusic languages are but it has never been put ar, Nicolaus Witzen, who gusic. An interesting feature of scattered across vast territories of into practical use. The first published the first word lists North Tungusic verbal paradigm is northeastern Siberia, still con­ writing system that gained are still poorly on one of the Tungusic lan­ the adversative passive voice similar strained by the nomadic way of life some currency was intro­ guages (Evenki) in 1692 in to Japanese (see Malchukov, A.L. of their reindeer-breeding ancestors, duced for the three major Amsterdam. In the 19th cen­ ‘The syntax and semantics of adver­ whereas East Tungusic peoples, tra­ Tungusic languages (Even­ docum ented tury, Northern Studies were sative constructions in Even’ Gengo ditionally hunters and fishers, live ki, Even, and Nanai), as well promoted by the transla­ Kenkyo, N0.103, 1993); in East Tun­ in more localized communities in as for Udihe in the early tions of the New Testament gusic passive markers perform in­ the vicinity of the Amur River basin. 1930s. For the latter, howev­ into Siberian languages by stead an impersonal function. Nom­ According to the population cen­ er, the tradition was discon­ Russian missionaries, but inal inflection is characterized by a sus of 15189, the number of Tungus- tinued since the late 30s. also were - unexpectedly - rich system of locative cases. Al­ ic-speaking peoples within Russia Originally, it was based on the Latin ferent degrees. This is true of the contributed to from quite another though the use o f‘unmarked accu­ amounts to c. sixty-five thousand. alphabet, but from 1937, following largest North Tungusic languages, political camp, namely, from revolu­ sative’ is restricted to East Tungusic Three of the major Tungusic lan­ the change in language policy, on for obvious demographic and geo- tionaries in exile, such as V.G. Bogo- languages, in all Tungusic varieties guages are Evenki (alias, Tungus the Cyrillic alphabet. Stranding on linguistic reasons (their small num­ raz, who was doing research among the direct object may be marked by a proper: 29,901), Even (alias Lamut: the problem of dialect disparity, the bers and dispersity of population), Even and Chukchee, and V.I. Jochel- special ‘designative’ (alias partitive) 17,055), and Nanai (alias Gold: writing systems adopted did not but also due to certain political and son. The latter became founders of case provided that its Possessor per­ 11,883). Outside Russia some Tun- turn out to be equally suitable for socio-linguistic factors. Especially linguistic and anthropological stud­ forms a role of Beneficiary at a clause gusic-speaking minorities are found the transcription of all dialects, adverse was the socio-linguistic sit­ ies of Northern peoples in post-rev­ level. East Tungusic, as compared to in North China and Mongolia. The which has led to the shift of the dia­ uation which developed in the olutionary years in Leningrad. North Tungusic, in general exhibits largest Tungusic populations there lect base, in case of Evenki, or to the 1950s, owing to a large scale cam­ Genetically, Tungusic languages less agglutination. These languages are Sibe-Manchu, the only surviving rise of local ‘rival alphabets’. Thus, paign for amalgamating ‘non-pro- constitute one language family with also allow for nominal conjugation, South Tungusic idiom, as well as the in early 1980s there was an attempt fitable’ agricultural enterprises (e.g., Manchu, as had been anticipated have developed a negative affix on Solon and Hamnigan idioms of to change the Even spelling system minor reindeer-breeding kolxos- since the times of Pallas and Cas­ verbs (taking its origin in the auxil­ Evenki (for a recent overview of in order to make it more similar to farms). The upshot was that North­ tren, but scientifically proven by V.I. iary negative verb, still preserved in Tungusic idioms outside Russia, see Yakut and, consequently, more com­ ern minorities had to abandon their Cincius and corroborated by the ma­ North Tungusic languages), and are Janhunen, J. 'The languages of Man­ prehensible to speakers of Western traditional places o f residence. Since terials of the fundamental compara­ devoid of modifier agreement. By churia in today’s China’ in Northern dialects, resident in Yakutia. Al­ then a tendency towards bilingual­ tive dictionary (Cincius, V.I. (ed) contrast, in North Tungusic idioms Minority languages: Problems o f survi­ though this alphabet has achieved ism has been accompanied by a Sravnitel’tryj slovar’ tunguso-manc zhur- modifiers agree, admittedly highly val. Osaka: National Museum of only a restricted currency, it has gradual fall in language retention skix jazy kov. Leningrad, vol.i. 1975, irregularly, with their heads in Ethnology, 1997). In the following given rise to embittered ortho- I rates. Language retention rates are vol.2. 1977). Although the Tungusic number and case.

1 2 . • HAS NEWSLETTER W 1 4 • Autumn 1 9 9 7 CENTRAL ASIA

The Altaic department The Altaic department tradition­ The Altaic department is currently ally has close ties with the Faculty of led by A.M. Scerbak, a well-known Northern Peoples at the Hertzen A New Turcologist, who succeded O.P. Pedagogical University. A number of Sunik and D.M. Nasilov. Although members are teaching there as well there are some other scholars con­ as contributing to publication of ducting research on Turkic, Mongo­ pedagogical grammars and school Mongolian/English lian, and Korean languages, Tungus- books. Among the other Russian ic Studies, as represented by works of centres of Northern Studies the clos­ leading Tungusologists such as V.I. est contacts at the moment are with Cincius, V.A. Avrorin, and O.P. the Institute of the Problems of Dictionary Sunik, constitutes a traditional re­ Nothern Nationalities in Yakutsk, search priority of the department. headed by V.A. Robbek. The institute conducts an interdisciplinary study This work edited by A. Luwsanden- Altan Tobci etc., has collected the ma­ Descriptive linguistic studies of By UWE BLASING Tungusic idioms is still one of the of peoples of the Far North (in both dew is in general quite reliable. terial for his dictionary in the course department’s major priorities, given cultural, economic, medical, etc as­ lthough a number d. Gettdai Mongorugo Jitert (Tokyo of thirty years. It is not based on the that many varieties of Tungusic are pects) and in particular promotes re­ of dictionaries of 1984), compiled by Ozawa Shigeo. wordstock of one of the already still poorly documented, Avrorin’s search on three indigenous Siberian modern (Khalkha-) This dictionary contains about available dictionaries. Instead, Pro­ two-volume Grammar of Nanai re­ languages of Yakutia - Even, Evenki Mongolian literary lan­ 50,000 entries (25,000 main entries). fessor Bawden has extracted all his j maining the most comprehensive and Jukaghir (an isolated Palaeosi­ guage written in the cy­ e. A Modem Mon^olian-Eiylish diction- lexical material from different con­ grammar of a Tungusic language. berian language). Currently a joint rillic alphabet are cur­ ary (Indiana University Research temporary sources such as newspa­ Contemporary descriptive research research project on Even is in rently available, it is often necessary Institute for Inner Asian Studies pers, magazines etc. Consequently shows a growing influence from the progress there in collaboration with to consult several dictionaries in 1986) by Gombojab Hangin with the dictionary gives us a really good functional-typological approach fol­ specialists from the Altaic depart­ order to find a word or the right John R. Krueger and Paul D. Buell, and authentic insight into the vo- 1 lowed by the Lenigrad/St.Petersburg ment. meaning of a term. This is because William V. Rozycki, Robert G. Ser­ cabulary of the modem language. Typological School. For examples of The only countries outside Russia there is no work which comprizes the vice. This comprehensive work Furthermore, a lot of professional - descriptions of individual languages where work on Tungusic languages Mongolian vocabulary both exten­ with 40,000 entries altogether terms are included, including such in that vein see the short grammar is conducted on are Germany, the sively and in a satisfactory manner. (25,000 key words and 15,000 exam­ areas as botany, zoology, politics etc. of Even by A.L. Malchukov (Languag­ Netherlands, as well as Finland (by J. The major works on Mongolian ples) is at this moment the most Moreover, some words and expres­ es o f the World/Materials, 12) and the Janhunen) and Japan (by students of lexicography include, among others: widely-used Mongolian dictionary. sions are to be found not occuting in forthcoming grammar of Evenki by D. Ikegami). In Germany the Semi­ a. Mongol xelnii tovc tailbar tol’ (Ulaan- the other well-established dictionar­ I.V. Nedjalkov (Lingua Descriptive nar fiir Orientkunde in Mainz (led baatar 15166), this Mongolian-Mon- Except for some multilingual and ies. The work of Charles Bawden is I Studies monograph). by J. Benzing, succeeded by L. Johan- golian dictionary was compiled by special dictionaries, for example: definitely an important new contri- j Comparative studies of Tungusic son) has been a traditional centre of Ya. Cewel and was published by A modern Mongohan-lnglish-japanese bution to the description of the languages, as conducted under the Tungusic Studies in a broader Altaic the Mongolian Academy of Science. dictionary (Tokyo 1978), M ongolian- modern Mongolian lexicon. ■ leadership of O.P. Sunik and V.I. Cin­ context; Tungusic-related studies It contains around 30,000 words. Russian-English Dictionary (Ulaanbaa- cius in 1960-70S, were originally are also conducted in Gottingen Due to the fact that it is monolin­ tar 1986} and Mongolian-En^lish-Rus- closely related to and relied on the (where work on Shirokogoroffs ar­ gual, it is not suitable for begin­ sian Dictionary o f legal Terms and Con­ Altaic hypothesis. One of their major chives is conducted by G. Dörfer) and ners or scholars from other fields. cepts (The Hague [etc.] 1983), the dic­ For purposes o f illustration, the randomly achievments, since the pioneering nowadays also in Bonn (by S. Georg). h. Wörterbucfi Mon^olisch-Deutsch by tionary o f Hangin, which is still in chosen sample from Bowden’s dictionary is Comparative Phonetics [1949) by V.I. To my knowledge, the only centre Hans-Peter Vietze with Klaus print, was until recently the only contrasted below with the data from three Cincius, is the afore-mentioned outside Russia, where Tungusic lan­ Koppe, Gabriele Nagy und Tumen- work in English. of the most convenient and well-known comprehensive comparative diction­ guages are currently taught is Leid­ bajaryn Daschzeden (Leipzig 1988). The recently published M ongolian- dictionaries (Vietze 1988, Hangin 1986, ary of Tungusic languages. Now the en, where both research and instruc­ This very reliable dictionary of English Dictionaiy, compiled by Char­ L uwsandendew 1957): orientation of comparative research tion is conducted by Uwe Biasing at 50,000 ‘Wortstellen’ - that is to say, les Bawden, constitutes a new and has partially shifted to include an the Altaic section of the Department main- and sub-entries - is one of considerable contribution to the se­ DR. UWE BLASING areal perspective, as in a recent mon­ of Comparative Linguistics. Current­ the most excellent lexical sources ries of Mongolian dictionaries. It Leiden University, ograph by A.M. Scerbak Tjurksko- ly Uwe Biasing and A. Malchukov of contemporary Mongolian, ‘contains about twenty-six and a half Faculty of Art Department of mongol’skie jazykovye svjazi. Apart (St.Petersburg) are engaged in a c. Mon^olsko-russkij slovar’ (Moskva thousand main entries and numer­ Comparative Linguistics, from A.M. Scerbak, A.M. Pevnov, short-term joint project, on Even 1957), for a long time this was the ous subsidiary entries'. Altaic Studies working on Jurchen, and A.A. Bury­ grammar and lexicon, supported by only dictionary for modern (Khalk- Charles Roskelly Bawden, Emeri­ P.O. Box 9515 kin, working on problems of Proto- NWO as well as the IIAS. This project ha-)Mongolian language. Nowa­ tus Professor of Mongolian in the 2300 RA Leiden Tungusic phonetic reconstruction, may be regarded as a preliminary days it may be regarded as a classic. University of London, whose name is The Netherlands are currently engaged in compara­ stage for a larger project aiming at Its stock of words (around 22,000 well known because of such excel­ Tel:+31-7 1-5271504 tive studies. Other general ap­ the creation of a database on Tun­ words) served as a base for many of lent publications as The modern histo- Fax:+ 31-7 1-5271 SO I proaches to Tungusic Studies are gusic languages that can be used the lexicons that appeared later. ry o f Mongolia, The Mongol chronicle E-mail: [email protected] comparative-typological, used by I.V. both for areal and comparative stud­ Nedjalkov and A.L. Malchukov, and ies. The envisaged project, involving comparative-diachronic, chosen by further collaboration with T. de Bawden Vietze Hangin Luwsandendew by S.L. Carekov. Graaf (Groningen) and scholars from 6 y i (intens, part.), - óyypiJi snow-white - - - St.Petersburg and Yakutsk, could be 6y»araHax to bob along - - - einen Vollbart bekommen; vollbartig fiyaaflx “ Contacts and perspectives also important in a more general aussehen sense, serving to revive traditions of 6yaap [6yiap 6yiap] munching, chomping [óyaanaax, 6ytap fiyaap xhBx] Bart [fiyaap 6yaap XHflx]see 6yaraHax öysap 6y*ap xuflx cm. 6yB rtH tx An interdisciplinary approach to rauschen culture of Northern peoples, as rep­ Tungusic (and Siberian) Studies con­ 6 y ia x _ ununterbrochen reden, schwatzen to talk without restraint - 6 u c T p o r p u m (0 rpuijyHax) G y ira ü tx - - for a rodent to gnaw rapidly; for som e­ resented by works of G.M. Vasilevic ducted jointly by Russian and Euro­ thing shaggy to be in continual m otion and others, has always been essential pean scholars, drawing their inspira­ CyirtHyyjiax - - - no6y«. ot 6yBriHax öyarap vollbartig full-bearded, having a bushy beard; and partially also indispensable to tion ultimately from works of Nico­ shaggy ö y t p ix umg 1. mampfen 2. brabbeln to eat like a toothless or heavy-bearded Northern Studies. Therefore a num­ laus Witzen. ■ - person ber of ethno-linguistic and folkloris- öyaTHaa - murmelnd, stammelnd; schwatzend -- tic studies are being undertaken in öyiTHax to mutter murmeln, lallen, stammeln; unaufhör- see 6 bbhbx lich reden the Altaic department in close coop­ 6 y m i - schwatzhaft - - eration with the department of Si­ fiy iiH x (see CyiTBix) schwatzen, Unsinn reden -- 6 y r (~ w ra p , - ray nan) ghost, demon, böser Geist, Damon m evil spirit, vampire; 6yr 6ocox to rise tjionkc. 3Jiofl 4yx, aeMOH. jerboji berian peoples (led by C.M. Taksami) - mynsx to haunt from the dead as a vampire, zombie, etc. ! r : 6 y r a I. Stag, XannyH Byra Red Deer, Hirsch m; - pox Hirschkafer m 1 male deer; ÖyruH pycaH aaap antlers 1 of the Institute of Anthropology. C ervuselaphus, Rax Haai yy filled w ith blood in spring which are Tungusic religion, which incorpo­ 6yjira arH83R yy is it a boy or girl?, used for medicine öyruH xemee (6yruH aynyy, 6yruH rates elements of pre-shamanistic, «tyjtyyH xem ee) deer-stone (ancient shamanistic, and Christian beliefs, standing stones with depictions of deer), Byrua atap antler, SyruH aayyp Deer as well as mythology and folklore Family, Cervidae 2 a gam e similar to checkers 2) nrpa <6yra> (HanoMHHaiomaR wrpy b mamxH) show many convergent points with 6 y r a II. gam e ot the type of "Fox ond Geese", - TaiHx to play such a game Altaic peoples, on the one hand, and Öyrafl (see ryafl) - - - Palaeosiberian, on the other (cf., e.g., ö y r a jir a hum erus (anat.) 6yranra[s] Schulter f; Schulterknochen; shoulder, shoulder bone [öyranar] anaT. nneieBaa koctl, nneio - h u ye Schultergelenk n epic tales of the Jangar type in 6yrtT xot Baotou (p. n.) - - “ (North-)Mongolian, olonxo in Yakut, 6 y ra x - Pferd buckeln for a horse to buck - GyraiHH deer-handler - - - to be doubled up; to die (euph.) and the ikelken nimngakan of Evenki 6 y r ja flx “ alle Viere von sich strecken; iibertr Euphemism us sterben and Even). The controversies arising Andrej L. Malchukov is attached to 6yr3aflx - eigensinnig od störrisch sein to become stubborn or obstinate ynpHMHTkCH, KanpH3HHian from the interpretation of these con­ the Altaic Department, Institute for Linguistic öyrnaa abscess 6yrnaa[H] M ed Abszefi m an infection under the skin CyrntJiT festering, suppuration - - Research (Russian Academy o f Sciences) vergences in genetic or areal terms in fiyrn ax to gather, to com e to a head, eitem for an abscess or boil to form, 1. HarHaHBancR, Hapuaan; 2 . HarHOeHHe. HapuB part mirror controversies connected Tuchkov per. 9, I 99053 St-Petersburg, with the Altaic hypothesis. Russia.

Autumn 1997 • has newsletter n ?14 • 1 3 CENTRAL ASIA

30 JUNE ► 2 JULY 1997 is not yet available, publication of the vance the subject significantly over LONDON, UK conference proceedings is a priority. the next few years. It would there­ ESF WORKSHOP These will appear as the third volume fore be appropriate for there to be a in the series, British Library Studies in larger, open conference some time in Conservation Science. It is planned to in­ the next few years to give people the clude a couple of additional articles by opportunity to present their work people who could not be present at and assess progress. The Interna­ Forgeries of Dunhuang the workshop. Another priority, rai­ tional Dunhuang Project will con­ sed by Professor Lancaster who chai­ tinue to support work in this area red the final discussion, is to digitize and present its findings on the data­ Professor Fujieda’s excellent collec- base of the Dunhuang manuscripts, Manuscripts which will be made available on In- bank for his codicology. ternet in 1998. ■

Given that the vast majority of the 50,000 manuscripts and now thought by several scholars to be A great deal of interest was generat­ documents in collections world-wide which are marked with copies of the originals in his collec­ ed by the conference. Apart from arti­ References the provenance ‘Cave 17, Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang’ are in­ tion. Evidence presented at the work­ cles in the British, Taiwanese, Japa­ - Peter Hopkirk, deed genuine pre-eleventh century items, does it matter that shop suggested that Li Shengduo may nese, and Indian press, reports were Foreign devils on the Silk Road,

there may be a few hundred twentieth-century forgeries? And not have been a knowing accomplice also given on several radio and televi­ John Murray, London 1 9 8 0 is it vital that these forgeries can be identified beyond doubt? in the making of forgeries: it is possi­ sion networks. The public lecture - A.R. H oernle,

These are the questions this workshop, the first public and in­ ble that he allowed his nephew, Mr held at the School of Oriental and Af­ ‘A Collection o f Antiquities from Central ternational forum devoted to this topic, set out to discuss. The Chen, to copy the manuscripts believ­ rican Studies following the workshop A sia’, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,

workshop was held with the generous support of The ESF Asia ing it to be for scholarly purposes was attended by over a hundred peo­ Part x, 1 8 9 9 ; Part 2 , 1 9 0 1 .

Committee, The British Academy, Humanities Research only. Several scholars discussed the ple. - Aurel Stein, Ancient Khotan,

Board, and the Group in Buddhist Studies, University of Cali­ historical background to the forgeries Clarendon press, Oxford 1 9 0 7 fornia at Berkeley. and, in particular, there were ex­ With the publication of the papers tremely well-researched and and the publicity and interest gener­ already, on one count or another, re­ ■ By SUSAN WHITFIELD thought-provoking papers by Profes­ ated by the workshop itself, it is ex­ Dr Susan W hitfield works for ceived jrom Chinesejustice his well-de­ sor Fang Guangchang, the Chinese pected that more scholars will carry the International Dunhuang Project, f i t he first foreign served punishment.'[Stein, p.513] Academy of Social Sciences, and Pro­ out research into this area and ad- The British Library, London. I archaeologist to fessor Rong Xinjiang, Peking Univer­ JL reach Dunhuang This is the salient point about for­ sity. in 1907, Sir Aurel Stein, geries. At present there is little infor­ Professor Fujieda Akira, Kyoto Uni­ (Advertisement) was not without experi­ mation available for scholars. Indeed, versity, has long been a leading figure ence of Central Asian the general surveys in the field do not in the discussion of forgeries from the forgeries. On his previous expedition mention forgeries and young scholars Silk Road site of Dunhuang although in 1900-1901 he was determined to from Europe and North America have it is only in recent years with the work find out the truth behind a collec­ had little chance of even realizing that of other Japanese scholars that the tion of manuscripts and printed doc­ some manuscripts are suspect. In issue has been discussed more widely uments in a strange script that had Japan, the suspicions are probably and openly. It is a sensitive topic, but been sold mainly to the British rep­ more widely known - although by given the immense historical impor­ Alex McKay John DeFrancis resentative at Kashgar, Mr G Macart­ word of mouth rather than through tance of the Dunhuang Manuscripts Tibet and the British Raj ABC Chinese-English ney, and the Russian consul-general, publications - but just as widely dis­ and their increasing availability to (London Studies on South Asia) Dictionary Count N. Petrovsky since 1895. The missed. In China, scholars may get to scholars with the publication of fac­ ISBN 0 7007 0627 5 / £ 35.00 ISBN 0 7007 0511 2 / £ 25.00 main supplier to Macartney was hear about this from colleagues but, simile editions and the establishment named Islam Akhun and for many again, there is a lack of hard facts and of The International Dunhuang Pro­ Brian Moeran Michael Dillon years the scholar, Dr A. R. Hoernle, published information. There was ject which plans to make the manu­ A Japanese China: A Cultural and had been studying the script in a therefore every reason to bring this scripts available On-Line, it is vital Advertising Agency Historical Dictionary vain attem pt to decipher it. In 1899, issue out into the open and test the that agreement is reached on meth­ (ConsumAsiaN) (Durham East Asia Series) Hoernle wrote a report on the finds evidence to date. ods of identifying the forgeries. ISBN 0 7007 0503 1 / £ 14.99 ISBN 0 7007 0439 6 / £ 14.99 and in a section entitled, ‘The Ques­ Stein doubted Islam Akhun because Many of the papers in the confer­ Giles Tillotson Brian Moeran tion of Genuineness’, he observed: of discrepancies in his stories of where ence therefore concentrated on as­ Paradigms of Indian Folk Art Potters of Japan he found the manuscripts. In the case pects of the original manuscripts Architecture (Anthropology of Asia Series) ‘Considering the abundance of block- of the Dunhuang finds, Stein saw the which could be used to construct a (Collected Papers on South Asia) ISBN 0 7007 0605 4 / £ 40.00 prints and the mystery of their scripts, site and, in 1907, acquired about sound codicology. Manuscripts which ISBN 0 7007 0628 3 /£ 35.00 it is not surprising that the suspicion of 14,000 items from the Mogao Caves deviated from this would therefore be Shuichi Kato forgery should suggest itself. It sug­ themselves. Moreover, unlike the ear­ open to suspicion and could be exam­ Audrey Burton A H istory of gested itself to me at an early stage of lier forgeries, these were in known ined more thoroughly. This is the The Bukharans Japanese Literature my acquaintance with the Khotanese scripts. Stein therefore had little rea­ basis of Professor Fujieda;s work and (Central Asia Research Forum) (Japan Library) books, [hut]... to sum up, the conclu­ son to be suspicious, and indeed the he presented two papers and took an ISBN 0 7007 0417 5 / £ 60.00 ISBN 1 873410 48 4 / £ 16.99 sion to which with the present infor­ consensus remains that the manu­ active role in the discussion. Japanese Kirsten Refsing mation I have come to is that the scripts collected by him in 1907 and by and European scholars, conservators Donald Wagner Early European Writings A Classical scripts are genuine, and that most, if the French scholar, Paul Pelliot, in and scientists also presented work on on the Ainu Language Chinese Reader not all, of the block-prints in the Col­ 1908 are all genuine. features of the calligraphy, paper, (Ainu Library) ISBN 0 7007 0961 4 /£ 14.99 lection are also genuine antiquities; In 1910 the Chinese authorities or­ dyes and ink. ISBN 0 7007 0400 0 /£ 895.00 and that if there are any forgeries they dered the cave to be emptied and all The workshop was very friendly Stephen Turnbull can only be duplicates of others which the manuscripts within to be trans­ and constructive despite the opposing Denis Sinor The Kakure Kirishitan aregenuine... ‘[see also Hopkirk p-44jf] ported to the Ministry of Education in views held by the participants. The The Uralic and Altaic Series of Japan Peking. Nevertheless, Russian, Japa­ extremes were represented by Profes­ ISBN 0 7007 0380 2 / £ 10,500.00 (Japan Library) Stein, however, remained scepti­ nese, and British expeditions re­ sor Fujieda, whose work suggests that ISBN 1 873410 70 0 /£ 40.00 cal. On April 25, 1901, he tracked turned to Dunhuang after this time there are many hundreds - possibly Weng Bang Cheong down Islam Akhun and spent the and acquired more manuscripts. Ei­ over a thousand - forged manu­ The Hong Merchants Walter Maurer of Canton next two days questioning him. At ther Wang Yuanlu, the self-appointed scripts, and Professor Menshikov The Sanskrit Language (NIAS Monograph Series 70) first, Islam Akhun protested his in­ guardian of the caves, had indeed hid­ from St. Petersburg, who believes that ISBN 0 7007 0352 7 /£ 60.00 ISBN 0 7007 0361 6 / £ 45.00 nocence but he finally admitted that den some from the authorities as he there are very few, if any. It was appar­ D . Keoivn & C. Prebish the documents were forgeries, pro­ claimed, in order to supply him with ent during discussion that the only Mohammad-R Djalili Buddhism and duced locally by himself and Ibra­ a continuing income for his repairs to way to resolve such trenchantly op­ Tajikistan Human Rights him Mullah (who, with his smatter­ the caves, or these were locally made posed views is by compiling hard facts (Central Asia Research Forum) (Critical Studies in Buddhism) ing of Russian, dealt with Petrovsky], forgeries. In addition, the bibliophile, which are not open to dispute. Science ISBN 0 7007 0420 5 /£ 40.00 ISBN 0 7007 0954 1 /£ 40.00 They had started block-printing in Li Shengduo, seems to have acquired therefore has to play a role and Profes­ 1896 to keep up with demand. Stein his own collection of manuscripts sor Seddon ended the conference with Christine Noelle Robert Cribb did not press charges, but remarked: around this time, almost certainly an excellent summing-up which State and Tribe in Nineteenth- An Atlas of part of the collection destined for the stressed this point. Century Afghanistan Indonesian History ‘Nevertheless, when I remembered the Ministry of Education. Manuscripts ISBN 0 7007 0629 1 /£ 40.00 ISBN 0 7007 0985 1 /£ 75.00 great loss of valuable time and labour which started to appear on the market It was decided to form a small which the fabrications of Islam Akhun after this date and were sold else­ group representative of all the insti­ and his associates had caused to schol­ where in Chinese, especially to Japa­ tutions at the workshop to co-ordi­ ars of distinction, it was a satisfaction nese and North American private col­ nate future work. Since there is such a to know that this clever scoundrel had lectors, dealers and institutions, are wealth of material on this topic which

1 4 • has newsletter NS 14 • Autumn 1997 REGIONAL NEWS

BANGLADESH • BHUTAN South INDIA • LADAKH • NEPAL Asia PAKISTAN • SRI LANKA

PHILOSOPHY AND PHILOLOGY EAST AND WEST (2): matic, ahistorical ‘types of viewpoints’, sides, starting from the European and in order to deal conveniently with a from the South Asian tradition. It is not multitude of relevant views. The West­ only Western perspectivism which has ern forms derived their inspiration an inherent necessity to take more and The Need and Basis for from philosophy (Leibniz), but were more perspectives into account - in­ first elaborated with regard to prob­ cluding the rich South Asian material lems of historical interpretation. In concerning philosophical perspectives; Western philosophy, the awareness of and it is not only the Western philolog­ a Global Approach the multitude of viewpoints did not, or ical tradition which provides a basis for only to a much lesser degree, lead to the such a global approach. Also the tradi­ development of typologies of view­ tional South Asian perspectivism - In the previous issue it has been argued that (A] the value of so fa r as a certain and particular way to points as in South Asia; occasionally it though it remained long unnoticed in taking past perspectives on reality seriously - especially those perceive and consider the occurring gave rise to a relativism and radical the shadow of impressive monolithic of South Asia - can be demonstrated with the help of exam­ things flows from it. [This is] a notion scepticism (Nietzsche). Perspectivism philosophical systems - has an inherent ples; and (B), that a rational approach to reality and truth which goes together with the most im­ became most important in philoso­ necessity to take more and more per­ makes it necessary to take these past perspectives into account portant ones in the whole o f Philosophy, phies of perception (Husserl’s phenom­ spectives into account, including the - to make full use of this reservoir o f‘idea-o-diversity’ in order which one is nowadays, however, notyet enology of perception) and in philo­ extremely challenging ones propound­ to be able to deal successfully with the unexpected and un­ habituated to putting into use, except sophical hermeneutics (Gadamer). ed by modern thinkers with a Western precedented challenges of modern times. In this second article that Mr. Leibniz himselfhas used it here What applies to all forms of perspecti­ background. And the South Asian phil­ it will be argued that (C) this perspectivistic approach to reali­ and there in Metaplrysics and Psycholo­ vism, including even Nietzsche’s radi­ ological tradition provides perhaps a ty and truth has a solid background both in the Western tradi­ gy. In historical knowledge, however, al­ cally sceptical perspectivism, is that stronger basis for such an enterprise tion (in spite of intolerant institutions like the Inquisition) most everything depends on it.’ (Chla­ their taking into account of different than so far realized. The twelve-spoked and in the South Asian tradition (where it also had to cope denius, Allgemeine Geschichtswissens­ perspectives is based on and further ne­ wheel of philosophical views of Mal- with attempts to establish absolutistic, monolithic truths). chaft, ed. by R. Koselleck) cessitates a careful treatment of the lavadin could be confronted with mod­ sources - and manuscripts are particu­ ern versions, and perhaps some of the In the West, after some anticipa­ According to R. Koselleck, who edit­ larly important among these - concern­ latter may turn out to be subsumable By JAN E.M. HOUBEN tions in the works of ancient histori­ ed Chladenius’ work in 1985, the in­ ing the different perspectives. These under some of the ancient ones. And if niy very few liter­ ans, the first philosophical pronuncia­ sight of the importance of the ‘point of perspectivisms, in other words, could one accepts with the verse quoted from R esearch Bhartrhari’s work that ‘the intellect (or, Project ary traditions, tions of perspectivism were made by view’ as being of crucial importance to only arise within philological tradi­ among them the G.W. Leibniz (i7th-i8th century): historical knowledge was a ‘break- tions, which they have subsequently “insight”) acquires sharpness by famil­ oSanskrit and the Graeco- through, as the relativity of the forma­ strengthened, transformed, and en­ iarity with different traditional views,’ Latin tradition, allow a ‘It is true that the same thing can be tion of historical judgments was since riched. The perspectivisms seem to sig­ there seems no reason to exclude West­ great number of contrast­ represented differently; but there must then no more a reproach against find­ nal a certain maturity of the philologi­ ern views from one’s investigations. ing and competing philosophical per­ always be a precise relation between ing a historical truth, but its precondi­ cal traditions in which they arose. Bhartrhari’s method of representing spectives from a distant past to be stud­ the representation and the thing, and tion;’ although Chladenius still adopt­ In his book India and Europe (1988), philosophical discussions of his time ied directly in great detail. Just like hence between the different representa­ ed an objectivistic realism, according to Halbfass has followed the inner neces­ not merely as battles by means of argu­ other literary traditions, such as the tions and the same riling. The perspec- which historical truths remain ever the sity of Western perspectivism to take ments, but rather as clashes between Hebrew and Arabic tradition, these two tiva! projections, which converge in the same, ‘he nevertheless opened up the into account more and more perspec­ systems with each their own sets of pre­ have their roots in elaborate and sys­ circle at conical sections, show that one ways which led to a reflecting histori­ tives, and has brought this perspecti­ suppositions (agama), supporting per­ tematic attempts to come to terms with and the same circle can be represented ography, which takes into account the vism to a new developmental stage by ceptions (pratyaksa), and arguments textual and exegetical problems posed by an ellipse, by a parabole, and by a history of influence and reception as an including the contributions of India on (tarka) (cf Houben 1995), may lead to in­ by a set of greatly valued texts, the hyperbole, and even by another circle element of historical truth’ (R. Kosel­ an equal footing. The ‘fusion of hori­ teresting results if applied to philo­ Vedas in the case of the Sanskrit tradi­ and by a straight line, and by a point. leck). zons’, which in Gadamer’s work mainly sophical discussions of the last century. tion, and Homer’s works in the Graeco- Nothing appears so different, nor so Again more philosophical employ­ refers to the chronologically vertical sit­ Here, too, we see both the need and the Latin tradition. These systematic at­ dissimilar, as these jigures; and y e t ments of the notion of the ‘point of uation ‘when the historically situated basis for a global approach to philo­ tempts gave rise to a philological tradi­ there is an exact relation fro m each view’ were made by Friedrich Nietzsche author and the equally historically situ­ sophical problems. tion, in which it was important to be point to each point. Also should it be (1844-1900) who stated that ‘the perspec- ated reader manage to create a shared The linguistic, rhetorical, and philo­ precise and careful with the text and in­ acknowledged that each soul makes its tival (das Perspektivische) is the fundamen­ meaning’ (Blackburn 1994:152), is com­ logical techniques and devices which terpretation of the works at the basis of representation of the universe accord­ tal condition of all life’ (Nietzsche, Jen- plemented by what may be called a ‘fu­ were developed to enable the thinkers one’s own (religious and/or ethnic) ing to its own point o f view, and seits von Gut und Bose, Vorrede), and José Or­ sion of horizons in a horizontal dimen­ of South Asian philosophical systems to community. In the course of time, both through a relation which is proper to it tega y Gasset (1883-1955), according to sion’ of Western and Indian perspec­ represent their knowledge in a com­ the West and South Asia developed per­ ...’ (Leibniz, Theodicee III, J357) whom ‘reality offers, like a landscape, tives in the work of Halbfass. Thus, pact, objectified and (also orally) repro­ spectivistic approaches in which it was infinitely many perspectives, which are Halbfass’ book has proved extremely ducible way (making use, for instance, not enough to be precise and careful ‘And just as one and the same village, all equally true and have equal rights... stimulating to a great number of au­ of the sütra-cum-bhasya style), for the with the texts of one’s own community; looked at from different sides, appears the only perspective which is wrong is thors (Indologists and philosophers sake of polemical discussion and for the it was equally important to be precise quite different and is as it were multi­ the one which claims to be the only alike) with quite diverse specializations. sake of transmission, contributed to a and careful with the views of others and plied perspectively, it happens sim ilar­ one’ (José Ortega y Gasset). Perspectivis­ It has demonstrated the strong need for considerably ‘exosomatic’ tradition of the sources of alternative traditions. ly that, on account o f the infinite mul­ tic notions such as ‘standpoint’, ‘hori­ a global approach in philosophy and knowledge (cf Popper’s use of the For the perspectivist approach to re­ titude o f simple substances, there are as zon’ and other related ones are also of philology, a need which is inherent in term), which, at least in some periods, ality and truth in South Asia one can many different universes, which are crucial importance in the works of au­ the Western perspectivisms although allowed for dynamic progress through refer to several Jaina authors such as nevertheless just perspectives o f a sin­ thors like Husserl (1859-1938), Heideg­ both this need itself and the complexity continuing dialectics and refinements. Mallavadin (c. 6th century CE), who gle one according to different points o f ger (1889-1976), and Gadamer (1900-), of the tasks involved have till recently At present, the South Asian philosophi­ presented the most important philo­ view o f each M onade.’ (Leibniz, Mon- and with these we have come to some been covered up by rhetoric on an al­ cal and philological disciplines have al­ sophical viewpoints of his time in the adologiejpyz) important sources of inspiration for a leged superiority and exclusiveness of most entirely stagnated, and it seems schematic form of a wheel and its spok­ modern ‘perspectivistic’ author like ‘Western’ science and philosophy. The we have to wait till this tradition, which es; and to the Brahminical grammari­ The idea of the importance of the Wilhelm Halbfass. basis for contributions in the direction in the course of time has undergone so an-philosopher Bhartrhari (5th century ‘point of view’ or ‘Sehe-punckt’ was Extensive further study is needed to indicated by Halbfass are the Western many transformations when external CE). In the latter’s work we find a state­ picked up by J.M. Chladenius and give us more detailed information perspectivisms together with their ma­ and internal conditions made this nec­ ment which could very well serve as a Ch.A. Crusius in the middle of the about overlaps and distinctions be­ trix, the Western tradition of philology essary, is able to reorient itself in a new motto for the perspectivist approach: 18th century. It was Chladenius who tween the South Asian ‘perspectivisms’ and its philological skills, techniques, and modernized (no longer just West­ subsequently applied Leibniz’s in­ and those of the West, but even on the and conceptual tools. ernized) world. ■ ‘The intellect (or, ‘insight’) acquires sights explicitly to the historical and basis of a cursory review some general Just as the goal of a ‘tunnel through sharpness by familiarity with different interpretative sciences in his Allgemeine observations can be made. The South the Mont Blanc’ can be approached traditional views, that conclusions can Geschichtswissenschaft (1752): Asian forms became established earlier, from two sides, the goal of a global phi­ be reached by him who only runs after they were mostly concerned with phil­ lology and philosophy making full use Dr Jan E.M. Houben his own reasoning? ‘ ‘The point o f view (Sehepunckt) is the osophical and religious viewpoints, and of available reservoirs of idea-o-diversi- ([email protected]) is Research inner and outer state o f the perceiver, in they led to the development of sche­ ty can be approached from (at least) two Fellow at the Kern Institute, Leiden University.

Autumn 1997 • has newsletter W 14 • 1 5 SOUTH ASIA

18 >- 20 DECEMBER 1997 The Impact of WWII ROTTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS in a Colonial Context 14th - 20r(l centuries The History The far-reaching impact of the Second World War on South loyalties possibly explains why and Asian economics, politics, and society is undeniable. Yet, the how the Congress was able to consol­ historiography dealing with British India in the 1940s has in­ idate its regime in India with great explicably shied away from examining the nature of, and the rapidity even after the tumultuous of North Indian changes wrought by this conflict on the country’s polity. For events of the partition. instance, a comprehensive history of the wartime economy is sadly still lacking. Instead, one can discern a tendency in the The shape of current research existing historical literature to concentrate on the ‘causes’ and The afore-mentioned issues were Music ‘effects’ of particular episodes like the Cripps’ Mission, the discussed with verve in a two-day ‘Quit India’ Movement and the bengal Famine, which despite conference held at the College of St. being significant occurrences, shift our focus away from at­ John and St. Mark, Plymouth, on 3 he aim of this in­ and the differences between ‘real’ tempts to study the War as an event that fundamentally re-or- and 4 July 1997. The papers presented ternational sym­ and ‘invented’ tradition. dered societal, economic, and political pattern. made the Second World War the cen­ posium is to pre­ The historical study of a perform­ tral focus of this conference, and pare an anthology on the ing art in a country as large as India, retreat. This realization triggered off traced the interconnections between medieval and modern By S. BHATTACHARYA with a wealth of classical, regional, debates between the Indian National the wartime developments and the history of North Indian religious, and popular genres and hilst the Sec­ Congress and the Muslim League British decision to withdraw from music, through discussing topics styles, is also expected to raise ques­ ond World War over the nature of future Indian gov­ the Indian empire in 19476. By un­ and papers presented by the partici­ tions concerning the role of the colo­ wbrought eco­ ernment. Unhappily, the bickering derlining the fact that the political pants. For this purpose, a number of nizers and the patrons and the ideo­ nomic prosperity to the between them would leave a disa­ and social trends between 1939 and esteemed scholars will be brought logical assumption of the musicolo­ Indian industrialists and greeable imprint on local politics, 1945 accelerated decolonization, the together from India, Europe, and gists and historiographers them­ a big business houses, it notably, the visible sharpening of participants challenged the widely North America. The scholars have selves. also increased the magnitude of mass the communal tensions in the war- visible historiographical trends, in been selected for the complementary suffering. The incidence of rampant time years. In the Muslim majority which the tendency has been to doc­ nature of their areas of research and The papers of the participant inflation, widespread corruption, province of Bengal, for instance, the ument the impact of War on nation­ competence. As research into Indian speakers will be circulated in ad­ chronic shortages, and vigorous League was now able to capture the alist mobilization, on high level po­ music has become an international vance. A public call for papers has not ‘black’ markets, especially between imagination of the Muslim peasant­ litical negotiations, and on the prob­ affair, the dialogue and collabora­ been made for this symposium: it is 1942 and 1945, culminated in a devas­ ry by promising emancipation from lems of govemability. The unfortu­ tion between scholars from South principally a working session to dis­ tating famine that ravaged vast swat­ ‘Hindu’/landlord oppression; and nate effect of such an approach is to Asia and the West should result in a cuss the papers, which will form the hes of Eastern and Southern India, the language of class mobilization reduce complicated events and devel­ meaningful exchange of ideas re­ basis for specific chapters of the an­ the resultant mass discontent gradu­ began to appropriate bitter commu­ opments into a single cohesive polit­ garding a contemporary approach to thology. However, observers are very ally began to be incorporated in and nal overtones. A society brutalized ical discourse that ignores the com­ its history. welcome. They are requested to in­ also to define, political movements by famine provided the context in plexities of the process of decoloniza­ form Joep Bor at the Rotterdam Con­ mobilized against the British coloni­ which these ideas were imbibed and tion. In contradistinction, the con­ The symposium focuses on topics servatory beforehand of their inten­ al state: a process illustrated by the acted upon, leading ultimately to a ference highlighted the complex re­ such as the history of genres, styles tion to attend, so that adequate seat­ growing interaction between mass communal carnage in Bengal, which lationship between War and decolo­ and instruments, court and temple ing arrangements can be made. ■ protest movements and rival nation­ resulted in riots elsewhere. nization in its fullest details: papers patronage, the contributions of fa­ alist organizations (political parties, The Second World War also ex­ referred to changes in the political mous musicians, musiciennes and radical peasant bodies, and trade posed the changes taking place with­ psyche of the colonial employees - musicologists, institutionalization union movements). in the edifice of the colonial state. both civil and military - and provid­ and notation. Questions will be rai­ DR JOEP BOR At another level, the War also The army, police, and. bureaucracy ed insights into the gradual, yet very sed concerning the meaning of his­ Rotterdam Conservatory damaged the aura of ‘invincibility’ came under severe pressure in the definite, process of re-negotiation tory in relation to ‘oral’ tradition, World Music Department that surrounded the Raj. Indian ref­ period, and the wartime experience being carried out by crucial compo­ the meaning of‘fact’ (‘hard’ evidence Pieter de Hoochweg 222 ugees from Burma brought nents of the colonial state. from written or pictorial sources) 3024 BJ Rotterdam back tales of British defeat Conference contributions and ‘fiction’ (narrative information, The Netherlands by an Asian enemy - an oft also analysed the nature of anecdotes, and hagiographies, often Tel:+31-10-4767399 repeated racial motif in na­ interaction between political passed on from teacher to disciple), Fax:+31-10-4253262 tionalist propaganda mate­ The wartime shift of political parties, different interest rial encouraging the over­ groups, and the colonial throw of the Raj - and the state, and in this manner re­ official attempts to squash loyalties possibly explains why and created a much more com­ such ‘defeatism’ only had plex understanding of what the effect of giving credibili­ Moore has termed the end­ ty to ‘rumours’ about the how the Congress was able games of empire. Last but jéJ New Publications impending collapse in the not least, the papers present­ colonial regime. The levels ed at the meeting revealed of discontent and willing­ to consolidate its regime the desirability of shifting - AssayagJ. and G. Tarabout (eds], Alterity and Identity. Islam and ness to confront the colonial the focus away from the ac­ Christianity in India / Alterité et Identité. Islam et Christianisme administration were fuelled tivities of Congress and en Inde, Collection Purusartha, Editions de I’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en by a number of other factors. Muslim League Central Sciences Sociales, Paris 1997. ISBN 2-7132-1228-6 For instance, the initiation Working Committees be­ of a series of strategic measures - like fundamentally modified the atti­ tween 1939 and 1945, and instead ex­ - Boon, Henk, India, Amsterdam, KIT Uitgeverij, 1997. ISBN 90 6832 362 8. the so-called ‘denial’ policy and the tudes of the employees of all three ploring the activities of various re­ requisitioning of private property services. While there can be no doubt gional and marginalized social and - Bekkum, Wout van, Jan Houben, Ineke Sluiter, and Kees Verstee^li. for the creation of military installa­ that the seeds of these changes could political groups during the same pe­ The Emergence of Semantics in Four Linguistic Traditions: tions - proved extremely disruptive be located in the emphatic election riod. Efforts are currently jointly Hebrew, Sanskrit, Greek, Arabic. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1997. to the local economies. Moreover, victory of 1937 of the Congress Party, being made by the School of Cultural ix, 322 pp. Hb. ISBN 90 272 4568 the presence of an enormous Allied the impossibility of isolating the Studies at Sheffield Hallam Universi­ army composed of British, indian, party in an inevitably momentous ty and the Department of History at - Chadda, Maya, Ethnicity, Security, and Separatism in India, Colombia African, Chinese, and Australasian post-war constitutional settlement the University College of St. Mark University Press, New York 1997. ISBN 0-231-10736-6 (cloth), 0-231-10737-4 troop in a region unprepared for war made Indian officials extremely ner­ and St. John (Plymouth) to organize a (paper) also exacerbated social tensions. The vous about alienating Congress lead­ conference to investigate this partic­ often fractious nature of the encoun­ ers. Indeed, a wide range of historical ular aspect of South Asian history in - Lannoy, Mark de, The Kulasekhara Perumals o f Travancore. ter between these troops and the sources - like the memoirs by offi­ greater detail. ■ History and State Formation in Travancore from 1671 to 1758. local populace gave nationalist acti­ cials and contemporary military in­ CNWS Publications No. 58, Leiden 1997. 247 pp. ISBN 90-73782-92-9 vists the opportunity to use the issue telligence - underline the growing to stoke discontent against the ad­ links between the various national­ Dr Sanjoy Bhattacharya is a Wellcome - Meij, Dick van de r (ed), India and Beyond: Aspects o f Literature, ministration. ist parties and the colonial official­ Trust fellow attached to Sheffield Hallam Meaning, Ritual, and Thought. Essays in honour o f Frits Staal. At the level of‘high politics’, it was dom at all levels of the administra­ University. He can be contacted at HAS / Kegan Paul International, London 1997. ISBN 0-7103-0602-4. obvious to all that the Raj was on the tion. The wartime shift of political E-mail: sc I @mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk l 6 • IIAS NEWSLETTER “N914 • Autumn 1997 SOUTH ASIA

cilitated a microfilming project of The Research Discussion Series was KATHMANDU, NEPAL lished in English to our understand­ ing of Nepali history and society. old Nepali newspapers and maga­ organized by the Centre as a regular First, there is a linguistic divide. zines held at Kathmandu’s Madan seminar for presentation of research Studies in English rarely make use Puraskar Library, the world’s largest work in progress. Local and visiting of the large body of scholarship single repository of published source foreign academic researchers, acti­ Reconfiguring vists, and journalists who have done written in the languages of Nepal. materials in the Nepali language. Second, there is a divide between de­ The necessary microfilming equip­ work on various subjects related to scription in the mode of area studies ment, bought from the personal re­ Nepali history and society have pre­ and analysis in the mode of metro­ search grant given to Dr Mary Des sented their work in this series. This Nepal Studies series used to meet on alternate politan theory. Third, there is a di­ Chene, one of the researchers affiliat­ vide between Nepali and foreign ed with this Centre, by the Wenner- Thursdays until March 1997, and now meets on alternative Tuesdays. The Centre for Social Research and Development (CSRD) was estab­ scholars who, with some individual Gren Foundation for Anthropologi­ In collaboration with the Nepal lished in Kathmandu, Nepal in early 1995 as a small institution dedi­ exceptions, do not communicate as cal Research arrived in Nepal in late Forum of Environmental Journalists cated mainly to the promotion of social scientific research, and the much as they might. In our view 1996 and actual microfilming began (NEFEJ), one of the leading journal­ publication and discussion of different aspects of Nepali history and these various divides are related, and in mid-1997- By early 1998, it is ex­ ism-related NGOs in Nepal, the Cen­ society. While the Centre has provided small grants to facilitate the scholarship on Nepal would be en­ pected that for the first time a mod­ tre has organized a third discussion education of women pupils in schools and the research training of col­ hanced by their elimination’. erate number of old Nepali newspa­ series since December 1996. The lege-level students, its primary activities are: a) the facilitation of so­ Studies in Nepali History and Society pers and magazines will be available main objective of this monthly series cial scientific research, writing, and publications; b) the organization (SINHAS) endeavours to overcome to researchers in microfilms. is to foster interaction between vari­ of interdisciplinary discussion forums. these divides. We seek and encourage work that makes use ofNepali schol­ Discussion Forums ous experts and journalists in an in­ The Centre produces a biannual, arship whenever it is relevant to the In 1996-97, the Centre organized formal yet critical manner. By PRATYOUSH ONTA bi-lingual (English and Nepali) aca­ topic under study. Disciplinary jour­ three different discussion forums. A list of the contents of SINHAS and topics discussed in the above esearchers affili­ demic journal, Studies in Nepali His­ nals place a premium on contribu­ These forums provided lively plat­ forums can be obtained from the ated with the tory and Society (ISSN: 1025-5109) as a tions to theoretical debates over the forms for multidisciplinary ex­ Centre’s home page at http: Centre’s research multidisciplinary forum for publi­ quality of knowledge and the detail change of ideas related to various as­ //jhunix.hcfjhu.edu/~deschene/ wing, the Nepal Studies cation o f serious research on Nepal provided about the place being the­ pects of Nepali society among the sinhas/index.html or by contacting Group, are currently en­ done by Nepali and foreign academ­ orized. We hope to show that such participants who were drawn from a the Centre in Kathmandu. ■ gaged in various types of ics. The journal aims to promote un­ compromises are problematic by wide range of disciplines and profes­ research. The thematic focuses of derstanding of cultural politics and making SINHAS a journal in which sions. These included academic re­ these inquiries include the cultural social conditions in Nepal through a theoretical innovations are based searchers, journalists, development history of Nepali nationalism, the so­ commitment to historical analysis, precisely on careful and detailed practitioners, and social activists. cial history of Nepali literature, the attention paid to Nepali scholar­ study of Nepali history and society. The discussions are held in the Ne­ history of photojournalism in Nepal, ship, and a willingness to explore Thus far three issues of the journal pali language and in English when the print media and its growth & im­ new terrain. It is edited by Prat- have been published with the second necessary. Martin Chautari’s Man- CENTRE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH portance in recent years, media and yoush Onta, Mary Des Chene, Lazi- issue for 1996 dedicated to the theme galbarre Discussion Series is a forum AND DEVELOPMENT middle class consumer culture, the ma Onta-Bhatta (Cornell Universi­ of ‘development’ in Nepal. In a re­ for discussions related to Nepal’s de­ GPO Box 528 emerging AIDS epidemic in Nepal, ty), and Mark Liechty (University of cent review of SINHAS, one scholar velopment (defined broadly) issues. Kathmandu street children and non-governmen­ California at Santa Barbara), and is from elsewhere in South Asia has de­ It was started as an informal discus­ Nepal tal organizations working in the area published from Kathmandu by scribed it as ‘one of the finer journals sion group in the autumn of 1991 by Tel:+977-1-228850 of child-welfare within the develop­ Mandala Book Point. Its main objec­ in the social sciences to be published a group of development experts and Fax: +977-1-223194 ment regime, gender and develop­ tive was stated in the editorial of the in the region’ and one which ‘easily has been meeting regularly since E-mail: [email protected] ment, community rights and the Ne­ first issue in the following manner: compares with some of the best from then, twice a month on Tuesdays. In pali state, the cultural and class as­ ‘Reflection on the state of Nepal Europe and North America in terms mid-1996 Chautari was amalgamat­ pects of development, urban plan­ Studies has motivated the creation of content and editorial rigour.’ ed as an independent project of the Dr P. Onta is the convener of Nepal Studies ning, and the bureaucracy, and social of this new journal. We have noticed To make a wide range of Nepali Centre with financial support from Group, CSRD and an editor of Studies in issues related to water-resources de­ several divides which lessen the con­ language sources accessible to re­ the Martin Hoftun Memorial Fund Nepali History and Society. velopment in Nepal. tribution of scholarly work pub­ searchers, the Centre has recently fa­ in Norway.

ment of Nepal. There are special KATHMANDU, NEPAL in Europe and elsewhere. Integrated, interdisciplinary research projects forms to be filled in by the applicant have our priority. An agreement sig­ showing academic qualification, ned between the TU and Leiden Uni­ source of financial support while in CNAS: Introducing Nepal versity, the Netherlands, could be Nepal, and recommendation of their cited as an example here. This collab­ respective government and spon­ oration is expected to bring interest­ sors. The application form can be ob­ ed departments and centres together tained from the address below. to the World Academia to plan exchange programmes and Finally, the CNAS is reaching out research for the future. to establish and promote the tradi­ tion of fruitful research co-operation lation of 7,000 supporting staff and Watch sub-units have also been CNAS publications with sister institutions and/or indi­ By PREM KHATRY 6,000 professors and 160 thousand added. At the moment, these sub­ Currently the CNAS publications viduals interested in Asian or Nepa­ lese Studies. Out motto is ‘Stretch ribhuvan Univer­ students from all over the country, units await wider recognition and a unit is concentrating on publishing out the arms, provide purposeful sity (TU) was es­ can no longer remain the only and commission for sustainable research. old research monographs in the pos­ and warm hospitality in the Hima­ tablished in i960 ‘spoiled’ child of the country. The Each unit and sub-unit has a group of session of the research and planning layan Kingdom’. And the purpose is and is the oldest seat of growing concern of the TU is now re­ qualified researchers on permanent section of the Centre. Most of them - come closer to know each other higher education in flected in the new policy of reaching or temporary basis. The units often are part of the ‘Comprehensive His­ better. ■ Nepal. Until a few years out for co-operation and the consoli­ assign research to teaching staff both tory of Nepal’ project launched sev­ ago Tribhuvan University was the dation of the internal resources. in and outside Kathmandu Valley as a eral years ago. But a few monographs only university in the nation of 20.2 The Centre for Nepal and Asian part of the TU’s policy of integration on political science, ethnography, million people, of whom nearly 70 Studies (CNAS) is one of the four re­ and simultaneous growth of teaching linguistics and so on have also come per cent are still illiterate. Two gov­ search centres of the TU, founded as and research components. out in recent years. Nepalese Studies, ernment-funded universities (Ma- the Nepal Study Centre twenty-five the CNAS journal published biannu- hendra Sanskrit and Purvancha) and years ago. The Centre has expanded Sources offu n ds ally, is considered to be the flag car­ one private (Kathmandu) university its research and added Asian Studies The major source of funds for re­ rier of the Centre and of the TU. It have now been constituted and have to its objectives and programmes. search at the CNAS is the small can be obtained either through ex­ THE CENTRE FOR NEPAL AND begun to function. There are a few The main objective of the CNAS is to chunk of government funding allo­ change of similar journals or by sub­ ASIAN STUDIES, CNAS more universities in the offing. introduce Nepal’s culture, history, cated to the TU. The internal source scribing directly to the Centre. Upon The birth of a new university not political system, and social system to cannot meet the research needs of request the CNAS can supply back is­ GPO 3757 Kathmandu only brings a new member to keep the world through regular research the university. The Centre has now sues as well. the erstwhile lone and good old TU and publications. made efforts to reach out and solicit Nepal Tel:+977-1-331740 company, it also prepares new com­ funds from foreign universities for Foreign affiliation Fax: +977-1-331 184 petitors for the available resources, M ajor research units collaborative research, with a view to The Centre hosts foreign scholars that are already short in supply. The Anthropology, political science, generating funds and training re­ as affiliated researchers for degree or new situation demands that the TU, history, culture, and linguistics are search manpower at the Centre. Thus non-degree research. Affiliated re­ Prem Khatry is the executive director of with four large faculties and five major research units at the Centre. far such prospects are limited but at­ searchers can obtain non-tourist visa the Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies in large institutions nearly 200 campus­ Recently Himalayan and Japan Stud­ tempts are underway to sign MOUs status upon the recommendation of es, four research centres, and a popu­ ies, Women’s Studies, and Democracy with interested foreign universities the Centre to His Majesty’s Govern­ Kathmandu, Nepal

Autumn 1997 • iias newsletter TsE14 • IJ SOUTH ASIA

officer these records differ little from records maintained by MI.5 and Indian Political Intelligence Files MI.5. The files expose in detail the existence and operations of a secret intelligence organization operating both in Europe and the USA. IPI was Released for Research also the India/Burma section of MI.5, and it was the only Imperial or Do­ minion intelligence agency which In August 19 9 7 ,751 files and volumes of the former Indian Po­ mation collected on German efforts telligence Branches and from sourc­ was permitted to operate out of Lon­ litical Intelligence organization were released for public con­ to create dissatisfaction among Indi­ es run within the provinces and don. sultation at the British Library’s Oriental and India Office Col­ ans in Europe became of great value other informal sources. The archive is so far unique - the lections. The withholding of these files has caused the aca­ to the War Office and Vickery wor­ IPI reported to the Secretary of the only known instance of a British in­ demic community some concern since the 1980s. In effect, the ked in close co-ordination with Mili­ Public and Judicial Department of telligence organization’s archives non-availability of the files has rendered the writing of a prop­ tary Intelligence in Europe to 1919 the India Office, the Director, Crimi­ being opened to the public for re­ er survey of revolutionary movements in India between 1916 and also in the United States, return­ nal Intelligence India and main­ search. Summing up the value of the and 1947 frustratingly incomplete. ing to duty in India in 1923. John tained close contact with Scotland files, Patrick French comments, ‘An Wallinger retired in April 1926 and Yard and MI.5. IPI shared accommo­ ambitious PhD student could have a suggested (after consultation with was succeeded by Vickery as head of dation with MI.5 from 1924. When field day’. ■ By JILL GEBER Scotland Yard and the Government IPI in October 1926. Vickery re­ this was bombed in 1940 the organi­ ome of the files of India) that an officer of the Indian mained IPI chief until the organiza­ zation moved with MI.5 to Oxford, were previewed Police should be placed on deputa­ tion was closed in August 1947 and returning to London in 1945. and discussed by tion in England. The organization transferred to T.G. Sanjevi Pillai, Di­ Patrick French in his re­ he headed was first called the Indian rector Intelligence Bureau, Govern­ Unique material cent book Liberty or Political Intelligence Office, but the ment of India. In 1950 the remains of The files are a catch-all for India Death: India’s Joum^ to name finally decided on for this or­ IPI’s organization became known as Office political intelligence data, in­ Independence and Division (London, ganization in i92t was Indian Politi­ the OS4 branch of the Security Ser­ cluding correspondence with the Di­ 1997) and articles in The Times Higher cal Intelligence or ‘IPI’. vice (MI.5). rector of the Intelligence Bureau in Education Supplement ‘Shadow Games India (DIB), on intelligence matters as the Sun Set’ (1 August 1997, pi9) Major John Arnold Wallinger, a After the 1935 Government of about pre-Independence India. They and ‘Red Letter Day’ in The Sunday senior Indian Police officer, was de­ India Act, IPI became a subsidiary of include much material originating Times Review section, (10 August puted to England in 1910 ‘for the the Intelligence Bureau, although in with the Security Service (MI.5), the 1997- P 6). purpose of observations upon Indian practice it was autonomous. IPI was Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or The Public and Judicial (Separate) revolutionaries and criminals (con­ run jointly by the India Office and MI.6) and Scotland Yard’s Special P&J(S) or POL(S) series of the former nected with India) of all nationali­ the Government of India. British, Branch. The files contain intelli­ India Office comprise the files of In­ ties’. This activity increased during European, and American operations gence data on communism and for further details: dian Political Intelligence (IPI). IPI the First World War. In view of war were run by IPI in London. Indian other Indian political or revolution­ JILL GEBER OR was a shadowy and formerly non- conditions, Wallinger was provided operations were run by the Director ary movements (notably the Com­ TONY FARRINGTON avowed organization, within the with an assistant, Philip C Vickery, of the Intelligence Bureau, Home munist Party) in India between 1916 The British Library Public and Judicial Department of Indian Police, in 1915, whose duty Department, Government of India or and 1947; surveillance of Indian rev­ Oriental and India Office Collections the India Office in London, devoted was to ‘watch anti-British conspira­ DIB, (also known in India as the Se­ olutionaries abroad and British and 197 Blackfriars Road, London to the internal and external security cies in England and Europe, so far as cret Service). A Central Intelligence foreign sympathisers; proscription SEI 8NG, United Kingdom of British India. they affect Indian interests’ and In­ Officer in each province of India of certain publications; censorship of Tel: +44-171-4127832 (Geber) In consequence of the develop­ dian conspirators attempting to at­ (usually seconded from the local po­ mails; notes and reports on personal­ Tel: +44-171-4127837 (Farrington) ment of Indian anarchist activities tack the British government of India. lice force) received information by ities, intercepted letters and pass­ Fax: +44-171-4127858 in England in 1909, the India Office During the First World War infor­ close liaison with the Provincial In­ port controls. According to one IPI E-mail: [email protected]

11 ► 13 JULY 1997 cars has a lot to do with their proven the army has frequently intervened CAMBRIDGE, UK usefulness on the frontier. And one in Burma, Pakistan, or Bangladesh may, by extension, wonder whether but not in India or Sri Lanka. The the declining use of tanks as a spe­ case of Sri Lanka is particularly in­ cialized arm by the British army in structive as, in spite of the civil war, the 1920s is not related to their limit­ power there still belongs to the poli­ New Military History ed use on the frontier. ticians - a rare case in developing This was also an important theme countries. in the discussions on the pre-coloni­ With regard to the former: in the al period. One major conclusion discussion of a paper on the early of South Asia which emerged here is that the use medieval period by A. Wink, it was of military hardware is linked to the pointed out that both mounted war­ society and the terrain in which it is fare and the longbow were widely was both a ‘division’ of military his­ There was the discussion on used. One should be on one’s guard used in India before the Turkish in­ By RENE BARENDSE torians with an interest in South Orientalism which was here put for a kind of ‘hardware-determi­ vasion and that the hephtalites may he conference Asia and of South Asianists with an within the context of the need for nism’, in which the side with the already have used mounted archers. ‘New Military interest in military affairs. military authorities to classify popu­ better weapons is the better army as For some reason though this way of History of South There are clear differences be­ lations fit for recruitment. Again, ‘hard-boiled’ military historians will war was only adapted to Indian con­ ^ I Asia’ which was held in tween those two ‘divisions’: military Orientalism appeared in unfamiliar often argue. To choose a military or­ ditions by the Turks. Cambridge in July 1997 historians tend to be fascinated by attire: e.g. the army withholding the ganization, particular equipment, Yet one could hardly expect other­ was, arguably, not only ‘hardware’ (thus e.g. the paper by D. most modern rifles from the Indian and style of battle is tantamount to wise since the field is still underde­ the first conference on ‘new’ military Omissi dealing with the rifles sepoys. Two very ‘traditional’ Indo- choosing a particular type of society veloped. It was, for example, re­ history of South Asia but the first on adopted by the Indian army) and by logical papers by S. Digby on the me­ (and vice versa). Thus, the heavy use marked repeatedly that we have no military history of South Asia ever. P. tactical doctrine (e.g. papers on the moirs of Dattu Sarvani (16th centu­ of mounted archers and ‘harassment modern versions of‘ten decisive bat­ Stanley from Australia remarked he reforms of the Ester committee, on ry) - a case of traditional close textu­ techniques’ in South Asian warfare, tles in Indian history’ and that the had never seen more than one mili­ the drill of the army in World War II al scrutiny - and by W. Pinch on ‘de­ whereas Western Europe had rather interest in battlefield history proper tary historian of South Asia in a or on the impact of frontier warfare votion and discipline in India myth adapted musketeers and ‘shock tech­ has lingered. I would suggest that room - an experience shared by most on the organization of the Indian and memory’ - can one imagine niques’ is also a choice between two this is because the groundwork for participants. army - no easy stuff for South Asia­ something more Indological? - were different ways of levying taxes. the actual study of battle which, to This reflects on both the new his­ nists). put here in the context of military So, this dialogue was overall quite paraphrase Clausewitz appositely, is toriography which is emerging on South Asianists on the other hand recruitment and the formation of instructive, although - particularly to military history as cash is to a this topic (and to which some earlier tend to bring their particular jargon community amongst soldiers rather for the pre-modern and the contem­ business transaction is only now contributions in the HAS Newsletter and questions to the study of mili­ than in the cherished ones of asceti­ porary period - more questions were being constructed. One can only have alluded already) and the in­ tary history. There was a separate cism and allegiance within the raised than were answered. In regard hope this conference has made a creasing significance which recruit­ session with papers by S. Alavi and S. Hindu and Muslim tradition. to the latter case, for example, in modest contribution. ■ ment and preparation for war is now Agha on the impact of Orientalism The other way round some of the spite of a fine attempt to answer this assigned in ‘mainstream’ Indian his­ on military writing for example (no ‘hardware’ papers showed how these question for Pakistan by I. Talbot - toriography. Among the 32 contrib­ easy stuff for military historians). In were often adaptations to local con­ pointing to the military-style ad­ utors of papers and presentations fact, however, the dialogue between ditions: it was pointed out, for in­ ministration of the Punjab - we do from the USA, India, Australia, Fran­ those two ‘divisions’ can be quite ex­ stance, that the traditional British not really have a good answer why, ce, the UK and the Netherlands there hilarating. excellence in the design of armoured in spite of the common colonial past,

1 8 • has newsletter N? 14 • Autumn 1997 SOUTH ASIA

broadened our horizons by examin­ tablished in 1987 at the third interna­ 5 >- 8 JUNE 1997 from the Danish Research Council for ing the process of identity formation tional colloquium, held in Herrnhut AARHUS, DENMARK the Humanities (SHF), the Develop­ ment Research Council (RUF), the in the areas of northern Pakistan (Germany). Members receive dis­ Humanities Research Fund of Aarhus which border on Ladakh; and Moni- counts on conference publications as University, and the Department of sha Ahmed discussed the local salt well as copies of the Ladakh Studies Ethnography and Social Anthropolo­ trade on the Rupshu plateau, a region newsletters which includes news, gy. The participants included scholars which until recently has been closed short articles, and a regular biblio­ Ladakh Studies graphical update. Three volumes of from Denmark, Germany, Austria, to foreigners. Britain, France, Hungary, Norway, Among the Ladakhis, Sonam conference proceedings are currently Sweden, and the US as well as eleven Phuntsog, Nawang Tsering Shakspo, in print: Recent Research on Ladakh 4 & Ladakhi and five scholars from other and Abdul Ghani Sheikh gave histori­ 5, edited by henry Osmaston and Phil­ Colloquium ip Denwood (London, SOAS, 1995); Re­ parts of India. For the first time, the cal papers. The other Ladakhi partici­ Ladakhi contingent included three pants concentrated on contemporary cent Research on Ladakh 6, edited by Henry Osmaston and Nawang Tser­ The Eighth Colloquium of the International Association of La­ representatives from Kargil, the political and economic developments, ing (Bristol University 1996); and Re­ dakh Studies, IALS took place deep in the Danish countryside mainly Muslim region in western La­ including the prospects for the Hill cent Research on Ladakh 7, edited by at Moesgaard, the eighteenth-century manor house which is dakh. Council which has provided for a de­ Thierry Dodin and Heinz Rather the home of Aarhus University’s Department of Ethnography The papers reflected the breadth as gree of local administrative autono­ my since 1995. (Ulm; Ulmer Kulturanthropologische and Social Anthropology. well as the depth of current research. The conference opened with a session Alongside the more formal presen­ Schriften Band 9,1997). At the Aarhus conference, Henry still dominant. However, recent re­ on archaeology and early history. Sub­ tations, the colloquium provided an Osmaston was elected IALS president By JOHN BRAY search has emphasized the distinctive sequent sessions focused on modern opportunity for other forms of cultu­ ral exchange including performances and John Bray succeeded his as Hon­ n recent years the characteristic of Ladakh’s popular cul­ history, rural livelihoods, new direc­ of Danish folk songs (mainly about ourary Secretary. The next conference mountainous region ture, and there is growing interest in tions in anthropological research, Vikings) and Ladakhi dancing. One of will take place in 1999, possibly in Leh, of Ladakh (northwest its large Shia and Sunni Muslim mi­ community and belonging, new di­ the Ladakhis remarked that Denmark Ladakh. ■ India) has attracted norities. rections in development, women s is­ reminded him of Kashmir: this was growing interest from This conference was the eighth in a sues, education, and language and lit­ presumably a reference to the green­ scholars representing a series dating back to 1981. It was orga­ erature. Among the papers, David Pi- ery of its countryside rather than the John Bray is the Honourary Secretary of range of different disciplines. Much of nized by Drs Martijn van Beek, Kris­ nault analysed the Shia community’s height of the mountains. the International Association of Ladakh the attraction of the area derives from toffer Brix Bertelsen, and Poul Peder­ Muhurram rituals, a source of some The International Association of La­ Studies, and can be contacted at its status as one of the most accessible sen of Aarhus University. The confer­ bewilderment to Buddhist Ladakhis dakh Studies (IALS) was formally es­ 55B Central Hill, London SEI9 IBS, UK. regions where Tibetan Buddhism is ence benefited from generous grants as well as Westerners; Martin Sökefeld BENGAL STUDIES

8 >- 12 SEPTEMBER 1998 PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC Texts and BENGAL STUDIES The Bengal Studies panel Hypertexts Contributions to this Bengal Studies page as 15th European in Bengal well as letters with suggestions can be sent on paper, diskette, or through Conference ■ By CHANCHAL A. BHATTACHARYA -m ail (ASCII form at) w ith R esearch his outline pro­ danta Darsanam (five volumes), and the name and the address Hariharananda Aranya’s gloss on Project poses a forth­ of the contributor to T coming project Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali. on Modern In the field of epic literature, Hari- the following addresses: which seeks to elaborate the postulate that the das Siddhantavagish’s commentary philosophical systems of on the Mahabharata bears the mark the Hindus provide a crucible, where of an ongoing discourse within that South Asia tradition. In and through this inter­ V.A. VAN BIJLERT the epic motifs fuse with the very es­ sence of man’s cognitive sensitivi­ pretative literature Sidhantavagish ties. Such a fusion the project further has touched on the deeper layers of he 15th European Pakistan, are themselves assemblages Institute Kern the narrative language to uncover Conference on of different regions with their own postulates, complements the Hin­ the intent of the idiomatic symbols P.O. Box 9515 South Asia will be strongly self-confident cultures and du’s sense of the dharma, the founda­ of this great epic. Written in Sanskrit held 8-12 September languages. Contributions, centred on tional roots of his moral and salvific 2300 RA Leiden concerns. This study will be based on (in Bengali script) in the twentieth 1998, Charles University, Bengal, that raise issues transcend­ The Netherlands: century his gloss on the Mahabhara­ Prague. As last year in ing its cultural and political boun­ the primary Hindu-Buddhist scrip­ ta, entitled the Bharata Kaumudi, Fax: +3 I -7 I -5272615 Copenhagen, there will be a panel de­ daries, are therefore very welcome, as tural sources, as well as the herme­ provides a remarkable example of voted to different aspects of Bengali well as more specialized papers. ■ neutical literature that provides an E-mail: the organic nature of traditional language, literature, culture, and access to the internal meaning struc­ [email protected] scholarship. This commentary not history. The panel at Prague will be The conveners invite everybody with a schol­ tures of the primary material. The only provides us with a penetrating simply called ‘Bengal Studies’. As was arly interest in bengal Studies to register for genre of explicative literature, with insight into the semantic structures stated in issue 10 of the HAS Newslet­ this panel and submit papers. For more infor­ which I am mainly concerned, was of obscure sections, it also contrib­ ter: ‘Bengal Studies comprise the lan­ mation contact the conveners: written in the 19th and the 20th cen­ utes to a our understanding of the guage, literatures, history, sociology, turies, and was formulated in classi­ unity of purpose of the whole epic. HAS NEWSLETTER political science, anthropology, phi­ DR WILLIAM RADICE cal Sanskrit, as well as in a hypertex- The Bharata Kaumudi, in my opinion, losophy, and religions of Bengal. SOAS tual Bengali. This was the work of VAN BIJLERT is of seminal importance and needs Bengal means both pre-colonial and Thornhaugh Street / Russell Square arcane scholarly groups. Such schol­ CORRESPONDENT to be studied along with the more colonial Bengal as well as present- London WCIH OXG.UK arly communities engaged in under­ known gloss by Nilakantha. ■ P.O. Box 9515 day Bangladesh and the Indian state E-mail: [email protected] standing and explicating aphoristic of West Bengal’. The success of the literature such as the Nj'aya Sutra of 2300 RA Leiden Gotama. and the Yoga Sutra ofPatan- previous panel encouraged the con­ DR VICTOR VAN BIJLERT The Netherlands. (To be continued) veners to organize this one. Clearly, Kern Institute, P.O. Box 9515 jali. The work they produced is high­ regional studies of this kind are not 2300 RA Leiden,The Netherlands ly significant because it brings out a yet dead. Bengal ought to be studied E-mail: [email protected] hidden dimension of the dynamics Please write on the envelope of Indian systems of thought. The as a region without overlooking the or the fax Bengal Studies. fact that it forms an integral part of Application forms for the conference itself examples of the insights which char­ These pages and more South Asia. Studying Bengal shows can be had from: acterize this genre of literature can us new ways of studying the complex INSTITUTE OF INDIAN STUDIES be traced to Phanibhushan Tarkava- will also be available on WWW: gish’s explication of Nyaya philoso­ Dr Chanchal A. Bhattacharya can be culture of modern South Asia as a Charles University http:lliias.leidenuniv.nl reached at 5502 Lamont Dr., New Carrollton whole. After all, South Asia and its Celetna 20, I 16 42 Praha I phy (available in five volumes), Dur- two largest nation-states, India and Czech Republic gacharan Sankhyavedantatirtha’s Ve­ MD 20784, USA

Summer 1997 • has newsletter N2t4 • ip SOUTH ASIA / BENGAL STUDIES The Great Divide: Bengal Partition 1947

Twice divided under British rule in 1905 and 1947, Bengal has Hindu communal mobilization on on the issue of partition in 1947, References never really recovered from its second vivisection. For a long the part of the Bengal Congress and both in favour and against, but by time there has been much agonizing over the political and Hindu Mahasabha which increas­ the standards of mass agitation of - Harun-or-Rashid (1985) human costs o f partition though there is relatively scarce overt ingly unified in the face of Muslim the time they involved small num­ ‘The Great Calcutta Killing (1946) and expression of the same, except in the films of Ritwik Ghatak. League’s challenge and made parti­ bers of people. In fact the evidence its impact on Bengal politics’, Since the mid-1980s, however, the historiography of Bengal tion inevitable. In an effort to look at from the period suggests that the in­ in: Rafiuddin Ahmed ed. Bangladesh, has begun to notice the partition riots and the final division of the local roots of Bengal partition, cidents that most strongly framed Society, Religion and Politics, Chittagong, Bengal. she emphasizes the communaliza- all discussion on the subject were in South Asia Study Group. tion of Hindu bhadralok politics fact the communal killings in Cal­ which served as the main impetus cutta in August 1946 and those in - Chatterji, Joya (1995): ■ By ANJAN GHOSH for Partition. According to her, the Noakhali a few weeks later. These Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalistn T n a paper published proposal for a Unified Bengal floated were perhaps the most powerful and Partition, 1932-47, I in 1985, Harun-or- by Sarat Bose and Abul Hashim to ‘mass actions’ organized by Hindu Cambridge University Press. JL Rashid, a Banglade­ prevent partition in March 1947, was and Muslim communalists, contrib­ shi historian from the a pipe dream and enjoyed little mass uting to partition’ [Chatterjee 1997]. - Das, Suranjan (1991): University of Chittagong, support [Chatterji 1995]. Fifty years after partition, even as Communal Riots in Bengal, 1905-47, examined the impact of Published some years before Chat- the historians debate about the pos­ Delhi, Oxford University Press. the Great Calcutta Killing (1946) on terji’s book, Das has contested sible causes of the ‘Great Divide’, the Bengal politics. Contrary to conven­ Harun-or-Rashid’s claim in his ac­ youth of post-independent India - Chatterjee, Partha (1997): tional wisdom he argued that the Cal­ count of the Calcutta and Noakhali carry a very different sense of histo­ ‘The Second Partition o f Bengal', in his cutta riots did not have a decisive im­ riots. He maintains that ‘the out­ ry. As a recent opinion poll among The Present History o f West Bengal, Delhi, pact on the partitioning of Bengal. breaks were all intimately connected the 18-25 year olds from the major Oxford University Press. The move by the Hindu Mahasabha with developments in institutional cities of India suggest, they can and some Congress leaders to separate politics centring on the Pakistan hardly identify the sites of the com­ - Outlook (1997): West Bengal did not gather strength movement. So the term Partition munal holocaust which preceded Jallianwala Bagh most associated till February 1947 when Attlee de­ Riots can be used to describe all partition. Only 21 percent were able with Partition, Youth poll findings reveal clared that the transfer of power had these outbreaks. ... These riots con­ to correctly identify Noakhali as a startling ignorance, special issue on to be completed by June 1948. Harun- vinced the overwhelming majority site of partition violence. While 53 Partition 1947-97, HI: 22: May 28: 82-83. or-Rashid noted that ‘Hindu Maha­ of Hindus and Muslims that the par­ percent indicated Jallianwala Bagh sabha and some other Hindu leaders tition of the subcontinent was inevi­ which had little to do with partition (including a section of Bengal Con­ table’ [Das 1991]. violence [Outlook 1997]. Conse­ gress) did not launch their movement More recently Chatterjee has quently the question which persists for a separate West Bengal province taken on Chatterji. In an essay on the is what is the meaning of partition immediately after the Calcutta-Noak- second partition of Bengal, Chatter­ to people who were neither its vic­ hali-Tipperah riots. They did it in jee notes, ‘It is also historically inac­ tims nor have any direct experience February 1947 when some kind of Pa­ curate to suggest that the decision to of it? ■ kistan became almost certain follow­ partition the province of Bengal ing Attlee’s famous declaration. So in along religious-demographic lines the given situation Bengal partition actually involved the participation might have occurred even if there had of masses of people. As far as opinion been no Calcutta Killing’[Harun-or- in Bengal was concerned, the rele­ Rashid 1985]. vant decisions were made by mem­ Anjan Ghosh can be reached at the Centre Perhaps taking a cue from Harun- bers of the Bengal Assembly, elected for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, or-Rashid, Joya Chatterji has argued on the basis of a very restricted suf­ 10, Lake Terrace, Calcutta - T00029, India. more recently in her book that it was frage. There was some campaigning E-mail: [email protected] Female Friendships in Bengali fiction

worst enemies, for after all, women’s archal values in males, yet, in subtle archal structure will perceive as a other women. They do not so often ■ By BANANI MUKHIA fickleness and jealousy had long ways they subvert them in the fe­ life-long liability; and helplessness question the legitimacy of the ■m jr y doctoral dis- been target for the satirist, as one au­ male spaces of their world. Further, and frustration because the mot­ norms, but help to soften their l\ /I sertation, Wo- thor has put it. even in these female spaces, female her’s affection for the daughter stil­ blows somewhat. J_ V JL men’s Images in In the course of my research, I friendships abound with contradic­ ls remains intact and yet she is un­ Finally, the courtesans within ko- Men’s Imagination (in came across an impressive number tory emotions such as sympathy and able to redress the wrongs done to thas (their residence and perfor­ press], deals with the fe­ ofinstances where the bonds ofemo- rivalry, love and jealousies etc. This, her child. The female child herself mance locales which enclose an en­ male characters in the tional empathy between women had however, may not indicate a dilution begins to feel the stifling discrimi­ tire world within their walls). Ban­ fiction of Bankim Chatterjee, Sarat been the bedrock of interpersonal re­ of the intensity and profundity of nation that is her fate which neither ished from the mainstream of fe­ Chatterjee, and Rabindranath Ta­ lationships, contrary to the surface the relationships. she nor her mother can even moder­ male society as individuals, these gore in the perspective of each char­ assumption of general animosity be­ I seek to explore the theme in ate. This shared feeling of guilt and women create a world of their own. acter creating and enlarging space tween female characters. My at­ three contexts: the mother and the frustration reinforces the bond of Within the context of this parallel and power for him or herself within tempt at elucidation in this context daughter; the widow and other fe­ affection between them and in part and exclusive society of women, they the given structure of patriarchy. It is to trace the existence of genuine male members of the family; and a sense of perceptive, yet quiet in­ share an existence of a high sense of does not replicate received dichoto­ compassion and deep understanding the world of the courtesan. sights in their mutual life situa­ camaraderie, wit, teasing and affec­ mies between structures and indi­ emerging out of a complex and pri­ tions. tionate interaction with a host of viduals, much less between men and mary allegiance between women. In Mothers and daughters other women proving a nurturing women, but examines the proble­ my primary sources women are lo­ One of the most abiding and Widows and courtesans support system. They find a measure matic in terms of a dialogical rela­ cated in differential stages of relative poignant female bonds which can Widows, the subject of our second of confidence and self-sufficiency in tion between what have hitherto deprivation of power; yet they tend exist is the mother and daughter re­ theme, are at the bottom of the their mutual friendship. ■ been constituted as oppositions. to show a remarkable sense of soli­ lationship and here we enter the na­ heap. The social rejection of widows darity with their less fortunate sis­ ture-centred female world with its in the upper-class Hindu milieu ex­ Fickleness and jealousy ters and thus underscore the need multi-faceted potential. In a society presses itself in their marginaliza­ In the studies of the sociology of for and importance of nurturing where women have been assigned a tion. They are socially differentiated literature, or of literary criticism, the supportive female presence. What subordinate position, it is not diffi­ by prescribed behaviour. The nor­ primary concern of most writers has makes such a study much more in­ cult to imagine the locus of the fe­ mative codes of conduct are gener­ been the mapping of heterosexual teresting is that the nature of such male child. Her mother in turn is ally enforced by other female mem­ relationships in fiction. Patriarchal female friendships is not necessarily filled with an acute sense of guilt, bers of the family and its networks. parameters have allowed little space univocal, characterized by sympa­ self-reproach, and helplessness Yet, within the large avenues of pre­ for the analysis of interfemale bonds. thetic bonding between women. The from the moment of the child’s scriptive and proscriptive behavi­ Dr Banani Mukhia is Reader in English Indeed, women have characteristi­ subject often tends to become poly- birth. Guilt because of having given our, there are still linkages and at Kamala Nehru College, University o f Delhi, cally been branded one another’s semous. Women may endorse patri­ birth to a daughter whom the patri­ quiet comforting of widows by Delhi, India. E-mail: [email protected]

ZO ■ HAS NEWSLETTER 'N°I4 • Autumn 1997 REGIONAL NEWS

BRUNEI • MYANMAR • CAMBODIA Southeast INDONESIA • LAOS • MALAYSIA THE PHILIPPINES • SINGAPORE

THAILAND • VIETNAM

taken place during the same period in going beyond the state in search for which the processes of globalization support for such an assertion. The In­ really took off Because of this correla­ donesian state has thus become a Globalization and Ethnic tion it is legitimate to claim that member of international society at human rights have not evolved be­ the expense of its otherwise strongly cause of altruistic attitudes on behalf emphasised sovereignty. The state is of the developing international socie­ thereby in danger of being squeezed Identity in Indonesia ty, but rather as a result of social and between an encompassing interna­ political imperatives prompted by a tional society and assertive local cul­ globalizing capitalism. Arguably, tures and ethnic minorities. Conse­ In the twentieth century there has been a growing global eco­ this ‘acceptance’ of Pembangunan then, notions of human rights con­ quently, the current influence of glo­ nomic and cultural integration, counterbalanced by a process constitutes a point of intersection stitute a necessary protective interna­ balization on local socio-political en­ of localization. As communities grow increasingly intercon­ between local attempts to appeal to tional moral agent - one that secures vironments has thus intensified an nected, proclamations of distinctiveness and exclusivity be­ the Indonesian authorities and a cul­ the restoration of human dignity in inward-looking search for a local come more pronounced. Has Indonesia’s growing integration turally determined perception of individuals and/or groups facing identity, even it this means conflict­ into international society produced a comparable intensifica­ ‘competitiveness’, - what in one of overwhelming global and/or nation­ ing with an aggressive nationalism as tion o f local identities within the national hinterland, thereby the eight language groups in Mina­ al processes ofencompassment. the one found in Indonesia. ■ weakening the cohesiveness of the country from within? hasa is called Keter. This concept is These developments mean that In­ very similar to the concept of Mana donesia can no longer restrain an eth­ Dr Michael Jacobsen known as the Minahasa, from north­ found in the Pacific. It is a divine nic group from asserting their identi­ ([email protected]) is attached to the m By MICHAEL JACOBSEN east Sulawesi could provide some of force that competitively and aggres­ ty, as the latter are now capable of Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. sively oriented persons can draw Forum A ccording to ob- the answers. According to observers, L\ servers the twenti- the Minahasa stress that their society upon when reinforcing their socio­ S h o rt MANASSA has branch offices in L A. eth century has is founded on egalitarian values, that political strategies for obtaining MÜ 81 NEWS seen international society they have a distinct and well-docu­ power and influence. It is possible various cities in Indonesia and abro­ transformed from a col­ mented Minahasa identity, are West­ that this cultural specific way of ad. Researchers from universities lection of mainly sove­ ern-oriented, and are Christians linking the supernatural with the and research centres who wish to reign states to one that also includes within a predominantly Muslim In­ real world also lies behind the Mina­ join are welcome to join MANASSA regional trade organizations, interna­ donesia. Furthermore, they are much hasa acceptance of the ideological as members. The organization pub­ lishes a newsletter, entitled Berita tional bodies, international NGOs, in favour of education and have for concept of Pembangunan, thereby MANASSA and transnational companies. The many decades been intensively en­ constituting the basis for today’s ac­ f 1 t he Society for Nusantara Manassa, twice a year. driving force behind this develop­ gaged in the social, political, and eco­ cumulation of power and socio-po­ I Manuscripts (in its Indone- ment is the process of globalization, nomic development of their province litical influence within Minahasa, JL sian abbreviation: MANAS- For further information, please contact: i.e. a drive towards global arbitration and nation. indirectly challenging Indonesian SA-Masyarakat Pernaskahan Nusan­ SECRETARIAT MANASSA with increased interconnection and Now, how does the Indonesian state sovereignty in the process. tara) is a scholarly organization Faculty of Letters interdependence within the interna­ state keep such a visible ethnic mi­ which aims to gather together re­ University of Indonesia tional economy. Reflecting this ten­ nority within controllable boundar­ A promising approach in studying searchers and individuals who are Depok 16424, Indonesia dency towards globalization, a coun­ ies, and what does the Minahasa do to identity formation among the Mina­ interested in Nusantara manu­ Tel: +62-21 -7270009; 7853528-29 ter process of localisation is also tak­ maintain their cultural specificity in hasa is the assumption that identity scripts. MANASSA is an organization Fax:+62-21-7270038 ing place, i.e. global developments are the face of Indonesian nationalism? is formed out of culturally and his­ open to scholars and individuals E-mail: [email protected] recontextualized at a national and On the first hand, New Order Indone­ torically related perceptions o f‘mo­ from different disciplines. It wel­ sub-national level, and then ex­ sian nationalism aims at developing a dem’ and ‘traditional’ experiences. By comes everyone who is interested in pressed in ideological and/or cultural Pancasila economy as well as a Panca- their nature, these perceptions are in Nusantara manuscripts. SPIEGEL HISTORIAEL - idioms. A consequence of the latter sila democracy, thereby providing the a constant state of flux. Culture and MANASSA was founded on 6 June SPECIAL ISSUE process is that it, among other things, basic guidelines for government eco­ tradition, then, are relatively modern 1996 in Jakarta. The idea of founding piegel Historiael is a Dutch monthly magazine devoted to generates and promotes a sub-nation­ nomic policies. Deviation from Panca­ constructions, ones that have been this organization was first kindled at al multiculturalism that is sanc­ sila is seen as an undermining of de­ more or less consciously ‘invented’ the International Symposium and history and archaeology. This tioned by the international society, velopment efforts, national stability, and reinvented over time and which Exhibition on Indonesian Writing fall, Spiegel Historiael presents a for example through the Universal and the character of the Indonesian are the product of conflicting percep­ Tradition in Jakarta on 4 to 6 June special double issue on Indonesia’s ecological history since 1500, edited Human Rights Bill. One important people. Besides the setting up of a tions of what constitutes ‘authentic’ 1996. During this symposium, the by Dr P. Boomgaard, director of the question to be asked here is whether Pancasila state a complementary idea culture. Taking on such an approach participants agreed to form an or­ these globally inspired developments of how to perceive development, Pem- will make clear how the Minahasa ganization which could facilitate Royal Institute of Ethnology (KITLV) constitute a social* force challenging bangunan, has been formulated. Ac­ uses their culture and history in a their activities and function as a me­ in Leiden, the Netherlands. the state’s demand for sovereignty in cording to sources, this perception modem context, in particular how dium of intensive communication The articles describe, among oth­ its national as well as international emerged after political independence they relate their cultural inheritance among them. Professor Achadiati ers: Ecological consequences of the dispositions together with its exclu­ in 1945. Initially it was limited to an to Indonesia’s national ideology. I kram was appointed chairperson for introduction of new crops, 1600-1900 sive right to be the sole legitimate or­ ideology of integration, but over the the first three years. It is hoped that (P.Boomgaard); Gold mines, health ganizer of the national society? years it has developed towards a striv­ At the point, I shall return to the this organization will give encour­ and nature in Northern Sulawesi A way of answering this question is ing for a new and modern Indonesia previous discussion on globalization. agement to, as well as expand and 1675-1995 (D. Henley); Logging and not through further theoretical ex­ oriented towards the future. A change To understand the wider political im­ enhance research, teaching, and timber on Sumatra 1600-1940 (F. Co- trapolations, but rather through em­ of consciousness via social mobiliza­ plication of identity formation in an publication about Nusantara manu­ lombijn); Sumbawa and its horses pirical studies. Indonesia is an inter­ tion became one of the main aims of increasingly interdependent world, it scripts. 1500-1930 (B. de Jong Boers); Suma­ esting case here partly because of its development. ‘Modern consciousness’ is important to integrate analysis of The activities of MANASSA are as tra’s Kubu as hunter-gatherers (G.A. Persoon); Birds ofParadise in Irian increasingly political and economic was declared a positive characteristic the relationship between interna­ follows: 1) to organize training, sem­ role within international society and and was thus opposed to tradition, tional society and ethnic groups like inars, symposia, workshops, and lec­ Jaya (R. Cribb); Soil use and economic partly because of it rigid authoritari­ which was defined as static and not the Minahasa. An important point of tures pertinent to Nusantara manu­ development: the case of Manggarai, an rule framed in the national ideo­ conducive to change. Traditional ele­ intersection here is the merger be­ scripts; 2) to contribute ideas and in­ Western Flores. logical construct of Keluarga Indone­ ments of behaviour were accepted tween a local identity and the inter­ spiration to institutions (govern­ All articles are published in Dutch. sia. The important question here is only if they could be used for modern­ national human rights regime. ment and NGO) in various regions whether this growing integration ization processes. Human rights can be seen to consti­ in Nusantara in order to advance in­ For more information, please contact: into international society has pro­ tute the foundation for a developing digenous cultural awareness; 3) to SPIEGEL HISTORIAEL duced a comparable intensification of Minahasa Culture and international morality. They have arrange activities at a regional, na­ Linnaeusparkweg 156 local identities within the national Indonesian Nationalism been continuously refined in the pe­ tional, and international scale, 1098 EM Amsterdam hinterland as suggested above, there­ On the surface, the Minahasa ac­ riod after the Universal Declaration which will aim to advance knowl­ The Netherlands by weakening the cohesiveness of In­ cepted the national culture and in of Human Rights in 1948 and have edge pertinent to Nusantara manu­ Tel:+31-20-6652759 donesia from within? A number of particular the ideology behind Pem­ had a higher profile since the end of scripts; 4) to produce publications on Fax:+31-20-6657831 culturally related groups, collectively bangunan. I suggest, however, that the Cold War. This development has research on Nusantara manuscripts. E-mail: [email protected]

Autumn 1997 • has newsletter N? 1 4 • 2 1 SOUTHEAST ASIA Rethinking Divide and Rule: Missionary Effects New Publications Barlow, H.S., Swettenham. Southeast Asia Publications Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 1997. in Indonesia 783 pages. ISBN 983-9915-1-5 Fineman, Daniel, A Special Relationship: The United States and Military Government in Thailand. 1947-1958 University of Hawai’i Press, Anthropologist Dr Rita Kipp was attached to the IIAS as a sen­ participation in mission churches as Honolulu, 1997. xii + 357 pages. ISBN 0-8248-1818-0 ior research fellow in September and October 1997. She did re­ institutions. In Protestant missions, Gunn, Geoffrey G., Language, Power, & Ideology in Brunei especially, native men with the abili­ search on the topic: 'Rethinking Divide and Rule: Missionary Darussalam. Monographs in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series ty and aspiration for leadership in the Effects in Indonesia’. No. 99, Ohio University Press, Athens Ohio, 1997. 334 pages. church knew that their ambitions ISBN 0-89680-192-6 the mission to the Karo, founded could have only limited scope in a co­ ■ By RITA KIPP during the Aceh War in order to pro­ lonial milieu. Thinking through Hitchcock, Michael, Islam and Identity in Eastern Indonesia. T n 1926, Mr. T.S. Gu- vided a buffer zone for the lucrative these bitter experiences, some Chris­ The University of Hull Press & Lampada Press, Hull 1996. 209 pp. I nung Mulia, repre- plantations of Sumatra’s East Coast. tians desired independent churches, ISBN 0-85958-646-4 X. senting the Batak re­ More recently, I have published a and but also readily comprehended gion in the Volksraad book about Karo society facing the the larger nationalist dream. Hunsaker, Brian, Loggers, Monks, Students, and Entrepreneurs: Four (the central advisory contemporary challenges of urban A glimmer of this interpersonal dy­ Essays on Thailand. Occasional Papers No. 18, Southeast Asia Publications council in the Nether­ life, religious pluralism and emerg­ namic that forged the Christian na­ Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb lands Indies), argued that a new sec­ ing wealth differences. Dissociated tionalist comes through even in the 1997.143 pages. ISBN 1-877979-18-X ondary school planned for Tapanuli identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class little contretemps between Meer­ Kumar, Ann, Java and Modem Europe: Ambiguous Encounters should not be under missionary con­ in an Indonesian Society, examined the waldt and Mulia. The missionary had Curzon Press, Richmond UK 1997.472 pp., ISBN 0-7007-0433-7 trol. He put a cogent case for a neu­ partitioning of roles and identities mocked Batak parents as being thor­ tral, government school at which that define the modern condition. oughly tyrannized by their own chil­ Rigg, Jonathan fed), The Human Environment Muslims and Christians alike would My recent work at the IIAS contin­ dren, and Mulia pointed to this in­ Indonesian Heritage Series Vol. 2. Archipelago Press/Editions Didier feel welcome. A regional (Sumatran) ues with these basic questions about sult and Meerwaldt’s condescending Millet. ISBN 981-3018-27-5 newspaper excerpted his speech, and the politics of religion and how peo- tone as an example of the lack of tact Mr. J. H. Meerwaldt, a mis­ and understanding that Sturm, Andreas, Die Handels und Agrarpolitik Thailands von 1767 bis sionary to the Batak, was pro­ drove many people away 1932. Passauer Beitrage zur Stidostasienkunde Band 2. Universitat Passau. voked to respond to it in a from missionary influence ISSN 0945-2443. ISBN 3-9805413-1-2 Christian newsletter. Before altogether. Mulia conceded addressing Mulia’s argu­ that some missionaries were Trogemann, Gerd. Doi Moi - Vietnams Reformpolitik in der Retro- ments, however, Meerwaldt Chratian natives sympathetic to the ‘Asian spektive. Passauer Beitrage zur Stidostasienkunde Band 1. Universitat expressed astonishment that awakening’; he listed some of Passau. ISSN 0945-2443. ISBN 3-9805413-0-4 Mulia, of all persons, would did not always these, such as Hendrik adopt such a stance. Being Kraemer, as exemplars. But himself formerly a pupil of as far as he could see, none of various Christian schools take the political stance the missionaries to the Batak (Advertisements) and now an active member of could be counted among this a Reformed congregation in enlightened bunch. Batavia, Mulia would surely that the Dutch Mulia’s Christian faith did OLD AND RARE be well aware of the value of a not divide him from his Christian education. Mulia expected of them Muslim constituents in the later rebutted Meerwaldt in matter of lobbying for a new BOOKS ON ASIA the same newsletter, ad­ school. What was surely di­ dressing each of Meerwaldt’s vided here, however, was Booklist from arguments about the school, Mulia himself in the varied but above all explaining his roles he played - as a Chris­ ASIAN RARE BOOKS obligation to represent the constitu­ pie respond to the challenges of tian, a regional representative in the 175 w. 93rd street (Suite i 6 - d) ents of his entire region, not merely modernity, but my purview in this Volksraad, a family man, and so on. New York, n.y. 10025-9344 his fellow Christians. project reaches beyond the Batak re­ Like many other educated Indone­ gion to include Christian nationalist sians of his time, he submitted to di­ Incidents such as this have recent­ responses from elsewhere in the In­ vision, but he did not wished to be Fax: (212) 316-3408 Books Bought ly preoccupied me as a senior visit­ donesian archipelago, and it reaches ruled. At least not by Europeans, Tel: (212) 316-5334 By Appointment ing fellow at the IIAS. I want to revis­ back in history to examine the three whose hollow claims to superiority E-mail: [email protected] it the old ‘divide and rule’ adage that decades before the end of colonial belied their own value of equality be­ http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccs/cuwl/clients/arb/ partly shaped colonial policies about rule (1920-1950) in particular. But fore God and their own historical the placement of Christian missions the main issue here, as in Dissociated struggles for political emancipation. in colonial Indonesia. What, really, Identities, is how modernity requires Seeing through the racial lie that were the political consequences of people to don different hats in dif­ propped up the colonial order, Mulia ASIAN STUDIES ON MICROFICHE Christianity's delimited successes? ferent settings, just as Mr. Mulia and many others like him came to Mulia’s apparent betrayal of a mis­ could be a devout Christian in his embrace the nationalist cause. ■ THE EAST TIMOR QUESTION, 1975-1996 sionary cause illustrates that Chris­ congregation in Batavia, but when LABOR ISSUES IN INDONESIA, 1979-1995 tian natives did not always take the facing his colleagues in the Volks­ POLITICAL REPORTS AND DISPATCHES, political stance that the Dutch ex­ raad or his constituents in Sumatra, DUTCH EAST INDIES, 1898-1940 pected of them. In particular, I am he tried to be an impartial represen­ SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF COLONIAL INDONESIA looking at biographies of men such tative of a religiously plural region. IMAGES OF EAST AND WEST: MAPS, PLANS, as Mulia who, to Meerwaldt, were an VIEWS AND DRAWINGS, 1583-1963 oxymoron - Christian nationalists. Racial barriers MEMORIES VAN OVERGAVE AND MAILRAPPORTEN, DUTCH EAST INDIES, 1849-1962 Inspiring nationalism in men such THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN INDONESIA, 1807-1949 An anthropologist, I come to this as Mulia was their close exposure to WAR AND DECOLONIZATION IN INDONESIA, 1940-1950 project from a background of study­ Christian ideas and institutions. It THE SARVODAYA MOVEMENT IN INDIA, 1950s ing one particular Indonesian ethnic was not simply the secular, indige­ group, the Karo, one of the Batak nous press and the rhetoric of other For more information, please contact peoples, most of whom belong to In­ nationalist leaders that diffused into donesian’s Christian minority. My Christian communities second-hand MMF Publications work has also addressed the mission­ as it were. Rather, highly educated PO Box 287 aries of the Nederlandsche Zende- Christians such as Mulia had experi­ 2160 AG Lisse linggenootschap who worked in the enced for themselves the stinging re­ The Netherlands Tel +31 252 417250 Karo area. The Early Years of a Dutch ality of racial barriers, both in face-to- Fax +31 252 418658 Colonial Mission described the poli­ face interactions with missionaries Dr Rita Smith Kipp can be contacted E-mail: [email protected] tics, both internal and external, of and other Europeans, and in their at [email protected].

2 2 • has newsletter N? 14 • Autumn 1997 SOUTHEAST ASIA Writing a General History / of the Philippines Laoag lippine nationalism, dozens more on By GLENN ANTHONY MAY the Philippine Revolution of 1896 R esearch trange though it and the Philippine-American War Project may seem, at pre- (1899-1902], many on peasant upris­ # Baguio I s sent there exists no ings in the nineteenth and twenti­ \ I reliable, up-to-date syn- eth centuries, U.S. colonial rule, Phi­ thesis of the Philippine lippine politics under the Ameri­ Quezon City past. The best-known cans, the Japanese occupation, and and most frequently cited general post-World War II developments. histories - Gregorio Zaide’s Philip­ Moreover, more than a few of these pine Political and Cultural History, Teo- books are absolutely firstrate - Edil- MANILA ^ doro Agoncillo and Milagros Guerre­ berto De Jesus’s study of the tobacco ro’s History of the Filipino People, Re- monopoly, Reynaldo Ileto’s mono­ nato Constantino’s The Philippines: A graph on the Philippine millenarian Past Revisited, and O. D. Corpuz’s The tradition, Benedict Kerkvliet’s ac­ Roots of the Filipino Nation - suffer count of the Huk uprising, the vol­ from serious deficiencies: oversim­ ume on Philippine social history ed­ plified interpretive frameworks; in­ ited by De Jesus and Alfred McCoy, adequate treatment of several chron­ the studies of the U.S.-Philippine re­ ological periods; inordinate atten­ lationship by Theodore Friend, Boni­ tion to colonial policy making and facio Salamanca, Peter Stanley, and Iloilo Bacolod the public sector. Strikingly, moreo­ NickCullather. ver, none of them takes into account the mountain of monographic liter­ Scholarship on the pre-Hispanic ature produced over the past quar­ Philippines, by contrast, is thin and, Cagayan De Oro ter-century by American, European, in some cases, as Peter Bellwood has Australian, and Philippine scholars shown, methodologically proble­ about socio-economic change in the matic. Furthermore, although im­ Davao many regions of the Philippine ar­ portant monographs have been chipelago. written by Horacio de la Costa, Wil­ liam Lytle Schurz, William Henry Zambo But if it is clear that existing syn­ Scott, Nicholas Cushner, Vicente Ra­ theses fall short of the mark, it is by fael, and a few others on the first two no means clear that it is now possi­ centuries of Spanish rule, and while ble, even with the benefit of the mas­ magnificent documentary collec­ sive amount of recent monographic tions have been produced by histori­ literature, to produce a significantly ans of the religious orders, the sim­ more satisfactory general history of ple fact of the matter is that our the Philippines. One salient charac­ knowledge of that period is very lim­ Inequality in the archipelago (e.g., Ruby Paredes, ed., Philippine Co­ many important questions must re­ teristic of Philippine historical ited indeed. Many of the subjects The deficiencies of the literature lonial Democracy; McCoy, ed., An An­ main unanswered, or, even worse, scholarship is that it has tended to that have been examined most in­ on the early Spanish period pose for­ archy of Families) has probed the na­ unaddressed. Historians would be focus on developments between the tensively by historians of the recent midable obstacles to any would-be ture of social, political, and econom­ better advised to spend more time in mid-eighteenth century and the pre­ past - socio-economic developments, synthesizer. One might reasonably ic power in the nineteenth and the archives, doing research on the sent. Scores of provincial histories the nature of indigenous politics, re­ expect, for example, that any author twentieth centuries. But, unfortu­ first two centuries of Spanish rule. have been written, but only a hand­ lations between colonial rulers and of a general history of the Philip­ nately, next to nothing has been Fortunately, there are indications ful devote more than a few pages to indigenous elites, and so forth - pines would explore the that a small but very tal­ INDIA the period before 1800. There are have, by and large, been ignored by question of inequality in CHINA ented cadre of scholars are dozens of books on the Philippine historians of the first two centuries the archipelago. The ,TAIWAN in the process of doing ex­ hero Jose Rizal and the birth of Phi­ of Spanish rule. yawning gap between MYANMAR actly that. The distin­ rich and poor is apparent guished Jesuit historian VIETNAM to even a casual visitor to KAMPUCHEA PHILIPPINES Jose Arcilla, who has re­ (Advertisement) the Philippines, and it cently spent three years in needs to be explained. the Spanish archives, is MALAYSIA' But, while the topic has currently writing an over­ Gert Jan Bestebreurtje been much discussed by view of the Spanish peri­ modern historians od. In addition, a number many of whom focus on of relatively young Span­ Antiquarian Bookseller and Print-dealer the impact of the com­ ish historians (Florentino mercialization of Philip­ Rodao, Luis Togores, Josep Brigittenstraat 2 pine agriculture in the eighteenth written about such matters in the Fradera, and others) have begun to (Corner Nieuwegracht 42) and nineteenth centuries as a conse­ seventeenth and eighteenth centu­ produce important books and articles Opposite Rijksmuseum quence of the integration of the Phi­ ries. Can the monumental changes on the early years ofSpanish colonial­ het Cathanjneconvent lippines into the world economy - that occurred in the intervening ism. It is premature at this juncture Postbus 364 scholars of early Philippine history, centuries be explained? In my view, to say whether the contributions of /y-*nrio^ 3500 aj Utrecht / Netherlands with few exceptions (Scott, Cushner, they cannot. these scholars will answer all the Dennis Roth), have not manifested All the above is not intended to questions that need to be answered Tel: (0)30-23192 86/ Fax: (0)30-234 33 62 much interest in it at all. Under the suggest that the current state of his­ about the seventeenth and eight­ circumstances, it is not possible to torical scholarship on the Philip­ eenth centuries, but they will cer­ determine to what extent the ine­ pines is, in any real sense, unique. tainly place us closer to the point Specialized in Old & Rare Books on Colonial History and Travel. qualities apparent in the pre-His- Similarly pointed comments could when a general history of the Philip­ panic Philippines may have been be made about the quantity and pines can profitably be written. ■ Catalogues of books on Asia are to be found as Short List on Internet: perpetuated in the Spanish period. quality of the historical literature http://iias.leidenuniv.nl/books/bestebr/ Nor is it possible to determine in thus far generated about dozens of For more detailed information please fax or write. what ways Spanish colonialism may other newly independent nation-sta­ Glenn Anthony May, Professor o f History have contributed to the problem. tes. What I am suggesting is that, in at the University of Oregon, was an HAS We always enjoy meeting our customers personally in Utrecht (35 kmjrom Amster­ Or consider the question of power. light of the state of the scholarship, Senior Fellow in the Amsterdam Branch dam) from Monday through Friday, on Saturday by appointment only. Scott has provided us with a nuanced there is insufficient justification, at Office, May-August 1997. He is currently Orders for the book Haks & Maris, Lexicon o f foreign artists who visualized discussion of status and hierarchy in present, to undertake to write a gen­ doing research on land tenure in the Indonesia (1600-1950), may be sent directly to the publisher, see address above. the pre-Hispanic Philippines, and eral history of the place. Too little is 16th-17th century Philippines. He can be recent research by other scholars known about the distant past. Too reached at [email protected].

Summer 1997 • iias newsletter NS14 • 2 3 SOUTHEAST ASIA

5 >- 7 AUGUST 1 997 9 ► 10 MAY 1997 YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA AMSTERDAM. THE NETHERLANDS Social Security and The 10th Annual Social Policy in Java Java Workshop

mura University, Ambon). Taken The European Social Science Java Network, founded in 1987, is By BEN WHITE together, these three projects in­ FOR FURTHER an informal network o f Java specialists (mainly social scientists he collaborative volve 13 PhD students, three post- INFORMATION and historians) currently working or studying in Europe. The research project doctoral fellows and a number of on the research projects mentioned network’s main aim is to provide a forum for interaction on Social Securi­ senior researchers on both the in this report readers should contact among Java specialists by organizing an annual workshop on ty and Social Policy in Dutch and Indonesian sides, and the following persons: one or more specific themes, alternately in the Netherlands Indonesia supports the promise to make a significant con­ and other European countries. research of seven Indo­ tribution to our understanding of nesian and Dutch PhD students, social security issues in Indonesia. Eleven papers were presented, on ■ By BEN WHITE two post-doctoral fellows, and a The papers presented stimulated ► for the ‘Social security and social two themes. The first theme, ‘Theory number of senior Indonesian and lively discussions on planned and policy in Java’ project: ~ r nformally structured in Java: Java in Theory’ continued Dutch researchers all working on ongoing research projects, and in I and without any reg- the discussions on this subject intro­ various studies around the theme particular on still-problematic is­ DR. IRWAN ABDULLAH JL ular source of finan­ duced in the 1996 (Gothenburg) ‘social security and social policy’, sues of conceptualization and Population Studies Centre cial support, the ESSJN in workshop. Hans Antlöv and Jürgen with a primary focus on the island methodology of ‘social security’ Gadjah Mada University the past ten years has Hellmann, organizers of the 1996 of Java. studies in Indonesian contexts. Butaksumur G-7 held workshops in Ger­ workshop, plan to prepare a volume The project on Social Security and Many participants found the work­ Yogyakarta 55281 many (Tübingen), Denmark (Copen­ based on the papers presented and Social Policy in Java is a collabora­ shop a good model of constructive Indonesia hagen), Great Britain (London), Swit­ additional commissioned papers. tive venture between the Popula­ interaction between senior and jun­ Tel: +62-274-563079 zerland (Geneva), Sweden (Gothen­ The workshop’s second theme, ‘Con­ tion Studies Centre, Gadjah Mada ior researchers. Another workshop Fax: +62-274-582230 burg) and in various locations in the sumption and Lifestyles’ was intro­ University, Yogyakarta, the Centre will be held in mid-1998, by which E-mail: Netherlands (Amsterdam, Leiden, duced by Prof Ben White (Institute for Asian Studies, University of Am­ time most of the individual re­ [email protected] Nijmegen, and The Hague), with nor­ of Social Studies, The Hague) and sterdam and the Department of searchers will be presenting prelim­ mally around 40 participants. The Drs. Peter Keppy (CASA), and will be Cultural and Social Anthropology of inary results of field research. PROF. JAN BREMAN network has played an important role further developed during the 1998 the University of Nijmegen. Social- The Workshop missed the contri­ CASA, University of Amsterdam in stimulating contacts and coopera­ workshop. economic research in Java has been butions of one important figure in Oude Hoogstraat 24 tion between Java specialists based in primarily dominated by poverty the project, the Population Studies 1012 CE Amsterdam different European countries, and The 11th (1998) Java Workshop will studies which have often based Centre’s founder and former Direc­ The Netherlands particularly relatively junior academ­ be hosted by the Department of themselves on more or less static tor Professor Masri Singarimbun, Tel:+31-20-5252745 ics and PhD students. While the Southeast Asian Studies, University and ‘objective’ criteria. These stud­ who was undergoing medical treat­ Fax:+31-20-5252446 workshops are organized with very of Passau, Germany. The dates have ies often fail to capture the relations ment in Jakarta. As this report goes E-mail: [email protected] modest budgets, with participants in been provisionally set for 4-6 June of collaboration (and conflict) in­ to press we have just learned that principle providing their own travel and the workshop will provisionally herent in social security arrange­ Pak Masri passed away in Jakarta on PROF. FRANS HÜSKEN and accommodation costs, each year’s cover the themes: ‘Consumption and ments which also may have impor­ 26 September. I am sure that all Department of Cultural and Social workshop organizers make efforts to Lifestyles’ (continuation of 1997), ‘In­ tant ‘subjective’ components. newsletter readers who knew him Anthropology find funds to support the participa­ dividualism and Collectivism’ and The ‘social security’ project stud­ will join me in recording fond Catholic University of Nijmegen tion of students (particularly Indone­ ‘The Javanese outside Java’. An an­ ies different forms of social security memories of this remarkable man, PO Box 9104 sian students) based in different Eu­ nouncement and call for papers will arrangements undertaken by indi­ and our appreciation of his enor­ 6500 HE Nijmegen ropean universities. shortly be circulated to the 120 viduals and social groups in rural mous contribution to Indonesian The Netherlands members on the network's current and urban Java in the face of rapid population studies. He will be sadly Tel:+31-24-3612333 Each workshop focuses on two address list. Java specialists who change and profound insecurities. missed. ■ Fax:+31-24-3611945 central themes; normally, one cen­ would like further information on Research is conducted by PhD stu­ E-mail: [email protected] tral theme from the previous year’s the coming workshop and whose dents, post-docs and senior re­ workshop is developed further, and names may not be on the mailing searchers in different areas of Cen­ one new theme introduced. The con­ list should contact the workshop or­ tral and East Java, and aims to fill cluding session is devoted to estab­ ganizer, Professor Vincent Houben methodological and geographical > for the ‘Household and family lishing a host institution and for further information (for details, gaps in existing research on social care for the elderly’ project: theme(s) for the following year’s see box). ■ security. workshop. Various publications The second workshop of the ‘so­ PROF. ANKE NIEHOF have resulted from previous years’ cial security’ project was hosted by Department of Household and workshops, including: In the Shadow the Population Studies Centre, Gad­ Consumer Studies of Agriculture: Non-Farm Activities in jah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Wageningen Agricultural University the Javanese Economy, Past and Present Annual workshops not only provide PO Box 8060 (Amsterdam, KIT Press, 1991), Leader­ feedback on the project’s own re­ 6700 DA Wageningen ship injava: Gentle Hints, Authoritarian search but also foster links with The Netherlands Rule (London, Curzon Press, 1994) 4 >- 6 JUNE 1998 other projects conducting similar Fax:+31-317-482513 and Health Care injava: Past and Pre­ PASSAU, GERMANY types of research. Among the 40 par­ E-mail: [email protected] sent (Leiden, KITLV Press, 1996). The ticipants were members of two organizers of the 1995 (Nijmegen) THE 11™ ANNUAL other research projects relating to workshop are preparing a book on WORKSHOP OF issues of social security in Indone­ ‘Violence injava'. THE EUROPEAN sia: the project on ‘Household and >- for the ‘Legal complexity, SOCIAL SCIENCE family care for the elderly in ageing ecological sustainability and social The tenth (1997) Java Workshop JAVA NETWORK societies’ (a collaborative project be­ (in)security’ project: was hosted, as was the first work­ tween the PSC-GMU and Wagen- shop in 1988, by the Centre for Asian f I f 0 add your ad- ingen University, The Netherlands PROF. FRANS VON BENDA- Studies Amsterdam (CASA), with fi­ S dress to the with support from the Neys-van BECKMANN nancial support from CASA and HAS. JL ESSJN mailing Hoogstraten Foundation) and the Department of Social Sciences Workshop organizers were Mario list or for further infor­ project on ‘Legal complexity, eco­ Chair Agrarian Law Rutten and Peter Keppy (CASA) and mation on the 1998 logical sustainability and social Wageningen Agricultural University Ben White (Institute of Social Stud­ workshop, contact: (in)security in the management and P.O.Box 8 130 ies, The Hague). The 41 participants exploitation of land and water re­ 6700 EW Wageningen came from 12 universities and insti­ PROFESSOR VINCENT HOUBEN sources in Indonesia’ (in which the The Netherlands tutes in Germany, Sweden, Norway, Lehrstuhl für Siidostasienkunde Wageningen Agricultural Universi­ Tel:+31-317-484174 Switzerland and The Netherlands, InnstraBe 53 ty collaborates with Andalas Uni­ Fax:+31-317-484763 with a roughly equal balance be­ 94032 Passau versity, Padang, Hasanuddin Uni­ E-mail: Frans.vonBenda- tween European and Indonesian Germany versity, Ujung Pandang, and Patti- [email protected] participants. E-mail: [email protected]

2 4 • has newsletter >er4 • Autumn 1997 SOUTHEAST ASIA

18 > 21 JUNE 1997 varied greatly. Some papers tended same focus that were presented at an LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS to deal with the conceptual aspects earlier workshop organized by the ESF WORKSHOP only, while others included rich de­ Leiden team in March 1996. scriptions of numerous house types | and were presented with a unique | Exhibition selection of slides made on repeated As for future follow-ups, the Lei­ field trips carried out over many den team intends to organize an­ Transformation of years. It was felt that such visual ma­ other workshop towards the end of terials represent precious research the duration of the project, in 1999, materials that would deserve to be presenting there some of its main re­ made available in published form. sults. There are also plans to prepare Houses and Settlements at some later date an exhibition in The discussions were generally Jakarta’s Taman Mini, an open air lively, although sometimes focused museum featuring samples of tradi­ more on details than on the main tional architecture from all parts of in Western Indonesia contribution of a paper with respect Indonesia. Such an exhibition could to the thematic issues of the work­ be expected to contribute to an in­ shop. Many interesting comments creased awareness of the value of ver­ pointed discussants who were to J.J.M. Wuisman, and ‘Rejang hous­ were made, and there were debates nacular architecture as a cultural ■ By R. SCHEFOLD, give a first comment and propose es: continuity and change of their in which different opinions clashed. heritage and to call attention to the P.J.M. NAS & G. DOMENIG certain topics for further discussion social and cultural meaning’. In the final session the hope was ex­ necessity to restore and protect valu­ [ he workshop titled by all participants. ** pressed that future studies dealing able samples of old house-types in 'Transformation of The following papers were pre­ Diachronic change with the house in Indonesia would their natural environments. ■ Houses and Settle­ sented at the workshop (in alpha­ As expressed in the title, the two increasingly also consider the dia­ ments in Western Indo­ betical order): Parmono Atmadi, parts of which should be considered chronic aspects, in making use both nesia: Changing values ‘The penetration of modernization as equivalent and complementary, of sources from the past and of com­ and meanings of built in Kampung Naga’; Syamsul Asri, the aim of the workshop was to focus parative analysis of contemporary forms in history and in the process ‘The changing of the pattern of the on the transformation of houses and forms. This would require focusing of modernization’, sponsored by the traditional Minangkabau settle­ settlements and, in connection with not only on the dwelling house, but European Science Foundation and ments around Mount Merapi’; Bart this, to view the change of values also on its structural and conceptual co-sponsored by the Royal Nether­ Barendregt, ‘Architectural transfor­ and meanings. The subject of the relation to other functional types, lands Academy of Arts and Sciences mations in the process of migration: workshop was therefore diachronic such as meeting houses, field huts, (KNAW) and the Research School the South Sumatran Highlands’; change as it affects houses and settle­ granaries, etc. CNWS, Leiden, was organized in the Gaudenz Domenig, ‘The changing ments as well as ideas and values as­ The papers of this workshop are context of a four-year research pro­ adat house: searching the history of sociated with them. Individual con­ intended to be published in two vol­ ject titled ‘Design and Meaning of Toba Batak architecture’; Gregory tributions were to deal either with umes. One volume will include Architecture and Space in Western Forth, ‘Ritual implications of settle­ only one or with both of the two as­ those papers which best answer the Indonesia’. This Dutch-Indonesian ment change: an Eastern Indone­ pects. The reason for focusing on theme of transformation and chan­ cooperation project is being carried sian example’; James J. Fox, ‘Perpet­ change was that this important cate­ ge; the other will combine the papers out by the Institute of Cultural and uating ancestral foundations: some gory is often neglected in studies focusing on the description and Social Studies of Leiden University transformations of Austronesian dealing with houses and settlements analysis of local vernacular forms in and three Indonesian counterparts houses’; Beatriz van der Goes, ‘The of Indonesia. Traditional situations Western Indonesian architecture from the University of Indonesia, Karo Batak house and settlement. are commonly described by using with some additional ones with the the Gadjah Mada University, and Notion, transformation, and com­ the ethnographic present or the past the Bandung Institute of Technolo­ parison’; Antonio Guerreiro, ‘The tense, but in either case the changes gy. Organized by the Institute of Bornean longhouses in historical that have taken place are often not 6 ► 8 APRIL 1 998 Cultural and Social Studies and con­ perspective (c.1850-1990): social pro­ considered. The same is true for vari­ PENANG, MALAYSIA vened by Prof. R. Schefold, Dr P.J. cesses and adaptation to changes’; ations in space. It is still fairly com­ Nas and G. Domenig, Fiona Kerlogue, ‘Cultural changes mon to present discussions by refer­ Dipl.Arch.ETH, the workshop was and the Jambi Seberang house’; ence to a single sample of a house or attended by 23 anthropologists, so­ Pieter Ter Keurs, ‘The image of the settlement type, neglecting local and Heritage and ciologists and architects from Aus­ slain enemy: beehive houses on regional differences. The expectation tralia, Canada, England, Germany, Enggano Island’; Lioba Lenhart, was that by trying to understand France, Indonesia, The Netherlands, “‘Sea nomads” mobile dwellings houses and settlements as items of Singapore, and Switzerland. The and settlements and their ideas of material culture which, together Habitat meetings took place in the Interna­ place and space: the case of the with their associated meanings and tional Centre of Leiden University, Orang Suku Laut of the Riau Archi­ values, are subject to change, we an old building in the heart of the pelago’ (presented together with would not only gain new insights he technical Uni­ Following a previous workshop in city that also features an attractive Cynthia Chou); Manasse Malo, ‘Be- into the history of the built environ­ versity of Darm­ Darmstadt in 1993 on the topic of open courtyard and a cafeteria and tawi traditional House’; Peter J.M. ment in Western Indonesia, but also stadt (THD) will ‘Housing in Historic City Centres of thereby contributed to the pleasant Nas & Martin van Bakel, ‘Small contribute to a better evaluation of stage a round-table sym­ Southeast Asia’, the intent of the atmosphere that was appreciated by town symbolism: the case of Bukit- the problems brought about, in the posium entitled ‘Heri­ symposium is to get a better under­ all participants. tingi and Payakumbuh (Sumatra, present, by the often abrupt move tage and Habitat: The standing of today's urban planning Indonesia)’; Christian Pelras, ‘Bugis away from ‘traditional’ ways of Context of Sustainable Development needs, of methods, phasing and pri­ Papers presented (and Makassar) houses: variation dwelling. in Historic City Centres' on the cur­ orities in this complex field, ranging There were seven sessions, the and evolution’; Nathan Porath: ‘The rent situation in Penang and the from conservation to renewal. In this first beginning on June 18 in the Lean-to and the House of Bark: in­ Visual materials wider region of Southeast Asia. This context the Darmstadt group will morning and the last ending on digenous dwellings of east coast Su­ Although' not all papers focused forum for debate will be co-ordinat­ present their research findings, fo­ June 21 at noon. After short address­ matra and beyond’; Sri Rahayu, equally well on these main thematic ed by mr Lim Hooi Siang, Ar&T Her­ cusing on four case-studies, Penang, es by Ir. F.E. van der Mijn (KNAW) ‘Change in Sundanese vernacular issues, the workshop produced many itage Consultancy Sdn. Bhd. There Singapore, Yogyakrta, and Hanoi. and Prof. D.H.A. Kolff (CNWSJ, the house form and space use due to the valuable results. Not unexpectedly, will be four panels: Designed to promote intensive de­ workshop was introduced and for­ embroidery home industry’; Reimar many participants dealt competent­ bate, this meeting is open only to a mally opened by Prof W.A.L. Stok- Schefold, ‘Is there an Austronesian ly with the recent changes in the 1. Public and Private sectors - limited number of participants. ■ hof on behalf of the Asia Committee house: common features and local process of modernization, whereas Conflicting Approaches? of the European Science Founda­ transformations in Southeast Asian changes that occurred in the 19th Urban management and tion. The papers to be discussed had vernacular architecture’; Sandra century and earlier were less thema- planning; local administration; been distributed to the participants Taal, ‘Change and diversification in tized. Often an established type of legal frame work; renewal policy: beforehand and were therefore not the function of the limas house of the traditional house was accepted as partnerships in implementation intended to be read at the work­ Palembang’; Marcel Vellinga, a basis for describing recent changes. 2. Values and Urban identity shop. Instead, the authors were ex­ ‘Houses, status, and change in a Mi­ One conclusion reached was that al­ Conservation and preservation; For further information: pected to summarize their main nangkabau village: the case of Abai though new houses that replace tra­ nostalgia, local sentiment; PROF. ARNOLD KOERTE conclusions and to illustrate their Sangir’; Michael P. Vischer, ‘Of ditional ones may differ in form, ma­ re-invention of history; guiding Department of Architecture papers by the presentation of visual ‘Human Houses’ and ‘Health Hou­ terial and design, this does not nec­ visions (‘Leitbilder’) Technische Hochschule Darmstadt materials (slides and transparen­ ses’: changing ideas and values in essarily mean that the social and rit­ 3. Housing and Working in Inner- El-Lissitzski Str. I cies). For this, each author was al­ Palu’é dwellings; Robert Wessing, ual use of space and the symbolic as­ City Areas Traffic patterns; 64287 Darmstadt lowed a maximum of twenty min­ ‘Constituting the world in the Sun­ sociations would have to change, gentrification; development Germany utes out of the total of forty min­ danese house’; Roxana Waterson, too, and at the same time. As for the pressure; rising land prices; Fax: +49-6151-163937 utes reserved for each of them. The ‘Memory, continuity and transfor­ attention paid to the physical as­ neighbourhood structure, E-mail: dh7c@hrzI .hrz.th-darmstadt.de discussions were opened by ap­ mation in the Toraja house’; Jan pects of the house, the contributions community character http://www.th-darmstadt.de/~koerte

Summer 1997 • iias newsletter N914 • 2-5 SOUTHEAST ASIA

1 >- 5 JULY 1997 tant points which emerged were move beyond strategic coping strate­ The panel on environmental is­ AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS that the labour market is largely gies at the micro level to meso and sues dealt first with general prob­ self-regulating, and that so far it has macro processes. lems at a national level: natural re­ had an enormous capacity to absorb The panel on the highlands was sources, the impact of population labour in the non-farm and infor­ composed of nine scholars from pressure, deforestation, and reforest­ mal industrial sectors. Aware of the three continents. They focused on ation. The changes of land use are The Third industrial changes and the accom­ upland peoples, cultures, and envi­ linked to a large number of factors, panying level of employment, pa­ ronments in contemporary Vietnam. specially to the present socio-eco­ nellists held wide-ranging discus­ In the discussions there was a gener­ nomic situation. Another session sions of the labour market in per­ al agreement that many highland dealt with methodological frame­ Euroviet spective of the official policies. New communities are now facing chal­ works for ecosystem research, the problems are arising to confront lenges to sustainable agricultural conservation of biodiversity, and workers in Vietnam today, triggered production, village territorial integ­ project implementation. In the third of by the increasing differentiation rity, and local cultural survival in session, policy and management was Conference between foreign companies and the face of the ban on swidden pro­ discussed, focusing upon waste local companies. The 1994 Labour duction, the development of the management and urban pollution Code is an important piece of legis­ market economy, and the accelera­ and the impact of industry on the The third Euroviet Conference was held in Amsterdam this lation for the regulations of labour tion of planned and spontaneous environment. year, continuing its biennial convening scheme which began relations. lowland migration to the uplands. in Copenhagen in 199}. The 1997 Conference was hosted by the During the business meeting at International Institute for Asian Studies in co-operation with The panel on rural transformation Vietnam’s foreign policy, accord­ the end of the conference, questions the Centre for Asian Studies at the University of Amsterdam. reflected the vast amount of research ing to a member of the Institute of were raised about the future devel­ The historic centre of Amsterdam in which the Faculty of So­ being undertaken at the moment. Foreign Relations in Hanoi, is geared opment of Euroviet as a platform for cial Sciences is located, offered a fine setting for the more than The first part of three sessions was towards encouraging a better under­ discussion and exchange. The Am­ 250 participants, who had come from Europe, Asia, Australia, devoted totally to aggregate topics standing with the European Union sterdam conference has shown that and the US. Generous funding by several organizations en­ like the relationship between eco­ and the US, but this does not detract the technical and organizational abled the Conference Organizers to invite more than 30 Viet­ nomic reform, small industry devel­ from the important role of regional limit has been reached, unless Euro­ namese and other foreign guests to present their papers. opment, and poverty alleviation. A cooperation within ASEAN. The con­ viet becomes a professional organi­ team from the successful French-fi­ sequences for Vietnam’s internal de­ zation modelled after the Associa­ only in Vietnam. On Thursday, a nanced Programme Fleuve Rouge velopment are tremendous, because ■ By JOHN KLEINEN tion for Asian Studies in the US. An­ roundtable discussion talked about presented a series of papers based on this sort of co-operation requires ad­ other option is that Euroviet should / I uccessful fund rais- David Marr’s substantial 1995 study fieldwork in different provinces. aptation and openness towards the retain its mainly European character ing during the two of the Vietnamese August Revolu­ The papers, presented in the Eco­ domestic population. Relations with and offer a platform for non-Europe­ k J years in which the tion. Moderated by Bernard Dahm nomics Panel dealt with the transi­ China have improved according to an scholars (especially from Viet­ organization of the con­ (Passau University), four leading tion process and the development of several speakers, but Vietnam is well nam) by invitation. The Australia ference was being pre­ specialists on Vietnam and Indone­ the market economy in Vietnam. aware of the importance of an ade­ Up-date model springs into mind pared, meant that more sia discussed the similarities and dif­ Most papers presented arguments quate security pact with its northern here. A first step into this direction than 30 Vietnamese scholars could ferences between the developments about the issue of the sustainability neighbour. could be the creation of an electronic be invited, while a few scholars from in both countries where indepen­ of present growth rates, considering newsletter, served and maintained Eastern Europe and elsewhere could dence had been gained by war and it crucial to Vietnamese livelihoods Two different panels on urbaniza­ by the IIAS. The current Euroviet Or­ also be sponsored in consultation revolution. and the future development of the tion were held: one focusing exclu­ ganiser John Kleinen and his prede­ with the organizers. The Ford Foun­ On Thursday night, the Amster­ Vietnamese political economy with­ sively on Hanoi and one embracing a cessors (Philippe Le Failler, Irene dation Hanoi made the attendance dam-based writer and poet Cao Xuan in the global economic context. more general theme including all Norlund, and Stein Tonneson) ag­ of 15 scholars possible, and the Tu and his Chinese colleague, Duo Sustainability is not just the the big cities found in Vietnam at reed to join a temporary executive Dutch Embassy and the Ministry of Duo, who lives in Leiden, treated a maintenance of high growth rates of the moment. Both panels were orga­ board and to assist the next conven­ Foreign Affairs guaranteed the sup­ very respectable audience to what GDP and the co-ordination of major nized in such a way that participants er, Thomas Engelbert of the Hum­ port of another six, including one of was more than a glimpse of Asian macro-economic variables to achieve could attend each other’s sessions. boldt University in Berlin with his the key note speakers. The remain­ poetry. Both are writers in exile for it. Within the context of powerful The papers in the Hanoi panel fo­ task of organizing the 1999 Euroviet ing guests were funded by the Uni­ different reasons, but the work of global economic system, it also re­ cused upon urban history, urban de­ conference. The theme of this con­ versity of Amsterdam, the National each one is reminiscent of the work quires a wide range of institutions velopment, and urban construction, ference will be limited and support Commission for Dêvelopment Coop­ of the other in more ways than one. which allow economic factors (indi­ economic development and urban- from German and international do­ eration, the Royal Academy of Sci­ viduals or enterprises) to make the rural relations, but current issues nors needs to be secured at a very ences, and the IIAS. In some cases, Fourteen panels best of the opportunities available to like access to land, housing and in­ early stage. panel co-ordinators had managed to More than 150 papers, covering a them, while also ensuring that the frastructure were not overlooked. Arrangements were also made secure funds from donors like UNDP variety of topics, ranging from histo­ social costs of growth (ie., environ­ These themes also came up in the about what to do with the papers. and the ILO. ry to literature and the Vietnamese mental damage, development of a second, general, urbanization panel, The Amsterdam convener received This year’s focus was on Vietna­ in the diaspora, were presented in poor underclass) do not outweigh this time focusing upon questions of the first right to offer the papers for mese society in transition, a fairly fourteen panels. What follows are the benefits to individuals. Hence, conservation and architectural re­ publication, but close contact with broad theme which enabled those some highlights drawn from reports institutional development is central construction of old cities like Hanoi the panel co-ordinators is needed to with in-country experience to assess by various panel co-ordinators. De­ to the question of long-run sustain­ and Hue; contested urban space; and see if some of the papers can be pub­ the transformation of Vietnam's so­ tails about authors and titles have ability and its impact on the eco­ urbanization in relation to regional­ lished in separate volumes. ciety since the late eighties, when been omitted through lack of space. nomic well-being of the society as a ization. All in all, the study of Vietnam, or the reform of Vietnam’s economy They can be found in the Book of Ab­ whole. for that matter Vietnam Studies, gained momentum. stracts which was distributed to the A fairly new topic which received has come of age. The European net­ conference participants. A separate panel was designed to broad interest from the participants work will serve as a solid platform The Conference was preceded by discuss the role of Vietnamese was the revival of religion in Viet­ in relation to the Vietnam Studies the annual Wertheimlecture, this The history-panel discussed elev­ women in the transformation pro­ nam. General aspects like the role of in Australia and the US, and, what is year delivered by Ben Kerkvliet, pro­ en papers, most dealing with the cess. The panel drew a number of Christianity, the revival of Bud­ more important, Vietnamese schol­ fessor at the ANU Research School 20th century. One paper given by a conclusions: First of all, the family dhism in general, and the role of the ars in Vietnam will now have a seri­ for Asian and Pacific Studies. Kerkv­ Vietnamese researcher elucidating remains the main site of gender con­ state were discussed. New research ous discussion partner in the years liet made a thorough comparison the administrative organization of struction in Vietnam. Secondly, dealing with popular cults, the re­ to come. ■ between agrarian regimes in the the Mac dynasty (1527-1592). The changing gender identity must be inventing of tradition, aspects and Philippines and in Vietnam. Each of main focus of the other contributors located in changing relations be­ the role of rituals and religion pro­ these countries offers adequate wel­ was on the colonial period. Topics tween the state, the family, and the vided rich fuel for lively debates. The fare and basic safeguards for their included the mobility of mandarins, market which create a multiplicity anthropology of religion is fairly rural populations, but both coun­ rural conditions, naval affairs, a for­ of cross-cutting domains that are closely linked to the theory of prac­ (With thanks to several panel tries still had a number of crucial is­ gotten ethnologist, and rice exports. gendered. As such, a dichotomized tice, leaving the interpretation of co-ordinators for their reports; sues to settle. Three very interesting papers fo­ approach to public-private faces seri­ texts or theological aspects to other reports on the panels dealing with The official opening took place cused on the period of the First Indo­ ous methodological problems. disciplines. Of considerable interest the diaspora, literature, environmental with messages from Vietnam’s dep­ china War. David Marr (Canberra) Women still face a serious dilemma is the phenomenon of secular relig­ issues and health were not received uty-minister of Education and Voca­ and Arthur Dommen (Washington, with regard to the role of the state, ion embodied in the worship of revo­ before the deadline for this article tional Training, Prof. Phan Minh D.C.) did a remarkable job as com­ ie. the state can be seen simultane­ lutionary heroes who have trans­ had expired.] Hac; representative of the Ministry mentators. ously as an interferer as well as a pro­ mogrified into communal deities. of Foreign Affairs, Teresa Fogelberg; tector. Therefore is it important to There is still room for discussion and local hosts. The panel on labour saw a fair understand the social and indige­ about whether or not ‘religious revi­ number of different aspects in dis­ nous constitution of local notions of val’ is the right term for what is hap­ During the conference, two open cussions of the labour market and public and private, and how these in pening in Vietnam, but a resurgence sessions attracted special interest the changes that have taken place themselves may be gendered. Thus of religious activities is taking place Dr John Kleinen was the organizer of from people who were not interested since the early 1990s. Some impor- an analysis of women’s agency must on an increasing scale. the Third Euroviet conference.

2 6 ■ HAS NEWSLETTER N? 14 • Autumn 1997 SOUTHEAST ASIA

5 >- 6 JUNE 1997 account of malaysian society, espe­ COVILHA, PORTUGAL cially in her research among female employees of an electronics compa­ ny. gender distinctions are chang­ ing, and modernization is not neces­ sarily ‘westernization’, but may as Southeast Asia well be expressed, as is the case with many Malay women, in the use of the veil. These and other phenomena reveal the growing self-awareness of and Portugal the people of Southeast Asia. It was impossible in this panel to ignore the debate on the ‘Asian values’ and Almost five hundred years ago, the Portuguese were the first their ideological functions. Europeans to reach Southeast Asia by sea. At a workshop in Co- vilha, as far away from the sea as a Portuguese town can be, the That Westerners dealing (econom­ Closing session: [from left to right) Mieke Schouten, Jose' Carlos Venancio, relationship between Portugal and Southeast Asia - including ical) with Asians should try to un­ Henrique Senna Fernandes, Luis Polanah. Macao and Hongkong - was discussed. In doing so, partici­ derstand and adapt to their world pants did not limit themselves to the past - and when looking was a viewpoint not unconditionally It is not only in Macao and East and especially about matters of iden­ at that past, it was in a refreshing way, as on every possible oc­ endorsed by Américo Magalhaes, di­ Timor that the Portuguese presence tity. As he statedfl am a Portuguese casion advantage was taken of an interdisciplinary and con­ rector of a Portuguese company re­ in Southeast Asia had continued of the East, but I am a Portuguese’, at temporary approach. cently established in China. His lec­ until the twentieth century as was the same time asserting that his ture about his company’s considera­ shown by Betty Litamahuputty in world is Macao. Senna Fernandes’s geographical, historical, and linguis­ tions and experiences was informa­ the case of language. She pointed to improvised and witty talk was one of By MIEKE SCHOUTEN tic knowledge of the areas where the tive and original, - here was a practi­ the abundance of words and other the high points of this conference. n June, the Univer- encounters of cultures took place. cal man in the midst of a throng of features of Portuguese stock in Indo­ sidade da Beira In­ She had put these principles into academics. These different profes­ nesian languages, both in Indone­ Discussions and conversations terior was the venue practice in her research on the Portu­ sional backgrounds also accounted sian and in several regional varieties continued between and after the ses­ for the workshop, which guese in Burma - a virtually un­ for divergences of opinion, which of malay, sions, and some participants even was convened by José touched topic, at least in Europe. emerged even more clearly in the en­ outlined ideas for common future Carlos Venancio and suing debate. In this panel on eco­ ‘Language’ and ‘Literature’ - in projects, the proceeding of the con­ Mieke Schouten. Financial support Jorge Santos Alves adopted this nomics, the scene had been set by Fe- Macao these are very much associat­ ference will be published, hopefully was provided by the International same approach in his study of Macao lisberto Marques Reigado who - ed with Henrique de Senna Fer­ still in 1997. ■ Institute for Asian Studies (HAS), the in the early nineteenth century. It using statistical data - provided an nandes, considered Macao’s greatest Commao Nacional para a Comemo- was also pointed out that Macao at overall view of the recent trends in literary artist. His books, written in raqao dos Descobrimentos, the Fun- the time acted quite autonomously the economy of several Southeast Portuguese and usually addressing a da$ao Oriente, the Instituto Cames, and was simply an Asian state Asian countries. Carlos Monjardino theme of Macao, include Amor e de- the Municipality ofCovilha, and the among other Asian states. In the recounted first-hand his experiences dmhos de pé) ‘Love and Little Toes’); Caixa Geral de Depositos. panel about culture this idea was, in Macao, and pointed out, using the film based on this novel) situated The core were invited participants also taken up by Teotónio de Souza, some examples, recent changes in in Macao at the end of the 19th and Dr M.j.C. Schouten is assistant professor from various countries who either when he argued that the Portuguese the economy of that territory. the beginning of the 20th century) at the Department o f sociology o f gave a paper or acted as discussant, traders and to adapt themselves to was screened on Thursday evening, the Universidade da Beira Interior. She can but all sessions were open to a larger the Southeast Asian political cul­ In the panel about ‘politics’, Anto­ before and after that, the writer re­ be reached by fax: + 35-1-75310 1 6 0 1 or audience. The alternate use of Portu­ tures, in particular the principle of nio Graqa de Abreu gave a well-in­ sponded to questions about his work by e-mail: [email protected] guese and English turned out to be m andala, or ‘circles of kings’. The formed paper regarding recent de­ no problem at all, partly due to the Portuguese, or rather the Luso- velopments in China and the immi­ excellent simultaneous interpreta­ Asians, also created their own negara nent administrative changes in CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS tions. (state-centres) with networks, and Hong Kong and Macao. It was stres­ All of the four focused sessions thus pursued their own ‘galactic po­ sed that the role of Macao in Asia is (devoted to respectively history, cul­ licy’. usually overestimated by Portuguese ture, economy, and politics) were in Europe, obsessed as they are with New Journal: plenary and this gives one very vi­ True orientalism their past ‘empire’. Armando Mar­ able explanation for the lively char­ The tendency to replace the form ques Guedes criticized that recent acter of the debates. The papers were ofOrientalism’ criticized by Edward and current cultural diplomacy of of a high standard, many being dis­ Said by what discussant Rui Loureiro Portugal in Southeast Asia precisely Moussons tinguished by the originality of their styled ‘true Orientalism’ - allowing for its emphasizing in its activities data and research, at the same time for the Eastern perspective - was the past of discoveries and naviga­ reflecting a familiarity with current manifest in all panels. In the panel tion, seemingly without question­ p I ( he Institute for issues and paradigms in the social on economy some contributions fo­ ing whether this is the best way of I Southeast Asia EDITORIAL BOARD sciences. cused on the effects of the rapid eco­ defending Portuguese interests in Research (IRSEA), OF MOUSSONS Southeast Asia was envisaged as a nomic changes on societies and ide­ those countries in modern times, or France, announces the zone in its own right - a little room ologies in Southeast Asia. As Helmut whether this is what those countries launching of a new jour­ K. Alexander Adelaar (University o f was left for Eurocentrism, or rather, Buchholt demonstrated very clearly, are most eager for. nal entitled Moussons: So­ Frankfurt, Germany): Robert Barnes in this case, Lusocentrism. This be­ categories such as ‘West’ and ‘East’ cial Sciences Research on Southeast Asia. (St Antony's College, Oxford, UK); came obvious right in the first panel, and ‘First World’ and ‘Third World’ East Timor With an international editorial Hélène Bouvier (CNRS-IRSEA, Aix-en- on history, in which the paper-givers are losing - or have already lost - Of course a highly important po­ board and European ambitions, Provence, France): Bénédicte Brac de la had used a ‘double entrance’: both their significance, the function of litical issue these days is the ques­ Moussons will be published twice a Perrière (CNRS-LASEMA, Paris, France): Western and Asian sources and per­ space had changed; new boundaries tion of east Timor. The workshop in year, featuring articles in French as David Chamroux (CHEAM, Paris, France): spectives. As Ana Marques Guedes are emerging, and old ones are era­ fact started and ended with dis­ well as English. Muriel Charras (CNRS-LASEMA, Paris, noted: the researcher of the history of sed. These same statements were courses related to this issue, both de­ Articles will include original re­ France): Bernard Formoso (University of the Portuguese in Asia needs a solid worked out by Wil Lundström in her livered by Antonio Barbedo Magal­ search (12,000 words), book reviews Paris X, Nanterre, France): Michele Galizia haes. In the opening session the au­ (2,000 words), and review and debate (Institute o f Ethnology, Bern, Switzerland): dience was informed about recent articles (4,000 words). The first issue Daniel Hémery (University o f Paris VII, developments in this region, and in of Moussons will appear in 1999. ■ France): David Henley (KITLV, Leiden, the panel on politics an overview was the Netherlands): Annie Hubert given of the political history of Indo­ (CNRS, Bordeaux, France): Hermann Kulke nesia, including an assessment of (University o f Kiel, Germany): the result of the elections, then held Charles Macdonald (CNRS-IRSEA, Aix-en- just one week before. A period in Ti­ Provence, France): Pierre-Yves Manguin mor’s history much further away (EFEO, Paris, France): Jean-Christophe had been addressed by Arend de Send your contributions to Moussons to: Simon (ORSTOM, Grenoble, France): l; Roever in the panel about ‘history’, MOUSSONS Stein Tonneson (NIAS, Copenhagen, he showed how a couple of factors, d o CNRS-IRSEA Denmark): Trinh Van Thao (University some of which have been neglected 389, chemin du Club-Hippique o f Provence, Aix-en-Province, France) up to now, such as the singular geo­ 13084 Aix-en-Provence cedex 02 graphic features, in his view led to France Director: Charles Macdonald the partition of the island of Timor Tel: +33-4-429S16S0 Editor: Bernard Sellato Culture: [from left to right) Teotónio de Souza, Betty Litamahuputty, between the Dutch and the Portu­ Fax:+33-4-42208210 Deputy Editor: Francois Robinne José C arlos Venancio, Henrique Senna Fernandes. guese. E-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Louise Pichard

Summer 1997 ■ iias newsletter N914 • 2 7 REGIONAL NEWS

P.R. CHINA * JAPAN KOREA Asia MACAO TAIWAN

the economic activities of Sephardic international symposium on ‘The aoning, Beijing, Tianjin and Qingdao Jews in Shanghai; (3) Central-Europe- Jewish Diasporas in China’ was held (1911-31)’, ‘China und Jiddish. Jiddis­ Jews in China an Jewish refugee community in at Harvard University. The interna­ che Kultur in China-Chinesische Lit- Shanghai 1938-45; (4) Japanese policy tional seminar ‘Jews in Shanghai’, eratur auf Jiddisch’ and so on. toward the Jews in China; (5) accultu­ sponsored by the Center of Jewish The former Jewish residents in The studies on Jews in China probably began as early as the ar­ ration between the Chinese and the Studies Shanghai, was held in Shang­ China are growing old; the docu­ rival of Jewish settlers in China. Nevertheless, written records Jews. Meanwhile, more and more for­ hai in April 1994 and was attended by ments they keep are also suffering of studies on this subject before modem times are almost mer Jewish residents in China began more than 60 scholars. In May 1995, from the march of time. For us, the completely lacking. to tell and write their own stories and another conference with the title most important thing is that we experiences in China, giving impetus ‘Flight to Shanghai (Fincht nach should scramble to preserve stories of Pan Guangdan published a large to investigations by scholars of Jews Shanghai]: 50th Anniversary of the eye-witnesses before time overtakes By PAN GUANG number of books and articles and re­ in modern China. Over the past sever­ Survival of Austrian Jews in Shanghai’ them. As a visiting exchange fellow at h the sharp ached an advanced level in this re­ al years, more than ten books about was held in Salzburg, just during the the HAS, I have taken the opportunity increase in the search area. The main issues scholars Shanghai Jews have appeared, includ­ commemoration of the end of the war to attend the two above-mentioned number of discussed were (lj the earliest time at ing Rena Krasno’s ‘Strangers Always, in Europe. In 1997, two new academic conferences and interview more than Western missionaries and which and route by which the Jewish A Jewish Family in Wartime Shang­ events in Europe added some new 20 Shanghai ghetto survivors now liv­ scholars coming to China people had come to China; [2) the for­ hai’, James Ross’s ‘Escape to Shang­ materials and achievements to the ing in Europe, North America, Aus­ and the commencement mative period and activities of the hai’, Evelyn Rubin’s ‘Ghetto Shang­ rich accumulation of documents and tralia, and Israel, and will finish my of new Jewish immigration to Shang­ Jewish community in Kaifeng and hai’, Ernest Heppner’s ‘Shanghai Re­ publications on the Jews in China. In report ‘The Central-European Jewish hai, Tianjin, Harbin and other cities causes of its assimilation; and (3) the fuge’ and two books edited by myself the conference ‘Das Ende des Exils in Community in Shanghai 1938-1945’ after 1840, studies on ‘Chinese Jews’, situation of the Jews elsewhere in an­ ‘The Jews in Shanghai’ and ‘Shanghai Shanghai’, held in Berlin on August soon. I am happy to see more and especially the investigation of the cient China. Jews Memoirs’. Among the books on 20-22, some addresses mentioned the more people have been joining in our Jewish community in Kaifeng, a city After the Second World War con­ Jews in Shanghai, there also are some activities of an underground anti- work, which I see as racing against the which served as the capital of six dif­ temporary scholars were not content books in German such as ‘General Luo Nazi group among the Jewish refu­ clock. Undoubtedly, the research on ferent dynasties in ancient China, be­ merely to conduct research on the genannt Langnase: das abenteuer- gees in Shanghai during the war Jews in China, especially in modern came a topic of great interest in Eu­ Jews in ancient China, but also set out liche Leben des Dr. med. Jacob Rosen- which had remained untold before China, will continue to be a hot point rope and North America. After the to work on the Jewish communities feld’ by Gerd Kaminski. Compared and have yet to be written. In another of academic and even public interests late 1890s, Chinese scholars also joi­ in modern China, especially on the with so many books about Shanghai, colloquium, ‘From Kaifeng to Shang­ between Chinese Studies and Jewish ned the research and advanced their Jews in Shanghai. The focuses of re­ few articles talk about Jews in Harbin, hai -Jews in China’, held in Sankt Au­ Studies. ■ own academic views on the issue of search interests were: (1) why Shang­ Tianjin and some other Chinese cities. gustin, Germany, on September 22-26, the Jews residing in China. In the first hai became an ideal home for Jewish Academic activities on this subject a few papers launched inquiries into half of this century, Chinese scholars immigrants and a haven for holo­ have also been flourishing since the some new areas of this subject such as Professor Pan Cuang is dean of like Ye Han, Chen Yuan, Wu Han, and caust victims from Nazi Europe? (2] beginning of 1990s. In August 1992, an ‘History ofjews in Inner Mongolia, Li­ the Shanghai Center of Jewish Studies.

30 JULY ► 1 AUGUST 1997 Hitoshi In'oue (National Center for towards more openness to the general WASHINGTON DC, USA Science Information Systems) and public. This will have a far-reaching Sumio Horiuchi (Japan Science and impact on Japanese society and for Technology Corporation) gave up­ those in other countries who study dates on new products and services. Japanese public policy. For example, the NACSIS-ELS (Elec­ Over the three days, conference par­ Fifth Conference on tronic Library Service) system con­ ticipants were able to see demonstra­ taining both bibliographic informa­ tions of the newest software technolo­ tion and scanned texts of original pa­ gies and database products in the ex­ pers was inaugurated in April 1997; hibits room. Participants also enjoyed Japanese Information NACSIS aims to migrate this to an tours of the Asian Division Reading open system that will have full text Room in the beautifully restored Jef­ search capabilities soon. One of the ferson Building, and the Japan Docu­ the conference was first held in War­ (Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation) services featured by JST (formerly mentation Center staff demonstrated By LAURA WONG wick, England, in 1987. Database de­ how-to guide for setting up a Japa­ JICST) is their automatic machine the full text information storage and ver 150 partici­ velopment and management of col­ nese web site (including Japanese translation service, whereby a user retrieval system for its documents pants attended lections (such as the UK Japanese HTML) is a unique and practical re­ may send the Japanese script and re­ collection. The JDC was established in the Internation- Union Catalogue Project) have been source. ceive the English translation via 1992 as a joint project between the Li­ , I al Conference on Japanese strong, and new issues include how R.D. Shelton and Geoffrey Hol- email. brary of Congress and the Japan Information in Science, well information professionals re­ dridge (both of the International The final conference panel exam­ Foundation Center for Global Part­ Technology and Com­ spond to new areas of interest and in- Technology Research Institute, Loyola ined changes in information disclo­ nership, and is headed by Ichiko T. merce, held at the Library of Congress depth information needs. Thierry College) maintain that the US and sure in Japan and its wide implica­ Morita. The JDC collects difficult-to- on 30 July to 1 August 1997. Co-spon- Consigny (EU-Japan Centre for Indus­ Japan remain the technology super­ tions. Although a national informa­ obtain public policy literature from sored by the Japan Documentation trial Cooperation) and Stephen An­ powers. Their findings are based on tion disclosure law has yet to be pas­ Japan and makes that information Center of the Library of Congress and derson (Center for Global Communi­ over 40 ITRI studies conducted since sed, studies by David Boling (US De­ widely available. Researchers are en­ the Office of Technology Policy, US cations) has thoroughly surveyed 1989. Because Japan now leads in cer­ partment of Justice) and Motohiro couraged to visit the JDC home page Department of Commerce, this was available print and electronic sources tain fields, such as electronic devices, Tsuchiya (Keio University) indicate (http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/jdc) and view the first time this conference was held and urged users to monitor new tech­ and because publicly and privately- that the demand exists in Japan. Local the database or to contact the Center. in the United States. Thirty specialists nologies and multimedia products. funded research and development re­ initiatives have been the driving from the United Kingdom, France, However, Anderson points out, Ja­ mains strong, it is essential to keep force, and many cities and all of Ja­ Germany, New Zealand, Japan, and pan’s continuing organizational in­ abreast of Japanese technological de­ pan’s prefectures as of 1996 have some the United States addressed techno­ sularity towards sharing information velopments. Moreover, as Phyllis form of an information disclosure JAPAN DOCUMENTATION CENTER logical developments, print and elec­ freely still hampers the information Genther Yoshida (US Department of law. Tsuchiya pointed out that the Library of Congress tronic sources, and emerging issues flows. Commerce) emphasized, the global­ current Kasumigaseki WAN (wide Jefferson Building, room LJI50 that affect the ways that Japanese in­ Several speakers addressed current ized environment has created a more area network) connects only the na­ Washington DC 20540-4815, USA formation is organized and dissemi­ limitations in using the Internet as a complex challenge as the level and tional government ministries to one Tel:+ 1-202-7075581 nated. tool, with major obstacles in access­ forms of technology transfer increase. another. However, the growth of Jap­ Fax:+1-202-70791 14 The context was well-set by papers ing Japanese electronic information All three speakers stressed that the anese government Internet home E-mail: [email protected] focused on thedarger picture of access from outside Japan stemming from rising technological capabilities of pages to i,ri2 in March 2997 in con­ Internet: http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/jdc to Japanese information. Takayasu language (Japanese, English) issues, countries such as Korea, Taiwan, Sin­ trast to a mere 127 a year earlier sug­ Miyakawa (Mitsubishi Research Insti­ and related to that, incompatible op­ gapore, and China also cannot be ig­ gests that evolving technologies may Laura L. Wong is attached to the Japan tute) assessed the progress made since erating systems. Christoper Dillon’s nored. be a factor in urging the government Documentation Center, Library of Congress.

2 8 • HAS NEWSLETTER "N? 14 • Autum n 1997 EAST ASIA

3. Clan records (zhupu) and private 3. In mainland China, qiaoxiang is documents. We checked dozens of the most important component of The International normal clan records of qiaoxiang the so called ‘South China Eco­ which are stored in libraries or are nomic Zone’, which encompasses in the hands of some scholars in southeastern coastal China, Hong Fuzhou, Xiamen, and Quanzhou. Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and Relations of Qiaoxiang We collected three clan records maintains close links with the from the private hands related to overseas Chinese commercial net­ the villages in which we had car­ works in southeast Asia through This is an introduction to a current research project on the and foreign affairs. In each village we ried out fieldwork. These have not Hong Kong. ‘qiaoxiang’ overseas relations. We define ‘qiaoxiang’ as the interviewed families or private en­ yet been used by researchers. 4. The motive for overseas Chinese areas from which the overseas Chinese and their ancestors em­ terprises at random, sometimes 4. Published works and local gazet­ investment in China is that inves­ igrated. In practice, we also consider ‘qiaoxiang’ to be the areas choosing the house numbers, some­ teers. The library of the Research tors benefit greatly from their in­ which still keep close, or even loose, relations with their over­ times selecting a part of the village School for Southeast Asian Studies vestment in China. In my opinion seas emigrants and their descendants. where the families we interviewed (Nanyang Yanjiuyuan) has already one of the most important reasons were concentrated. collected most of the Chinese for the rapid growth of the over­ Apart from overseas Chinese invest­ We carried on the investigation in publications about overseas Chi­ seas Chinese economy in the last By ZHUANG GUOTU ments in China, for which most fig­ the overseas capital-invested enter­ nese and qiaoxiang studies. Dur­ twenty years has been their co-op­ eration with mainland China. R e s e a rc h ince the beginning ures in the research results are prises and financed schools, chosen ing our fieldwork we collected P ro je ct of China’s policies drawn from official Chinese statis­ at random in order to avoid having more than thirty books, which 5. The small and medium-sized of reform and tics, there are still few serious re­ data only from enterprises and focus on Jinjiang studies or are re­ overseas Chinese enterprises have s search works on the relations be­ schools which are well managed, lated to the topics of history, played a major role in the foreign opening up to the out­ side world in 1978, the tween China and the overseas Chi­ which the local governments always economy, society, politics. investment in China. I believe no rapid development of nese in this crucial period, and how, select to be seen by visitors. 5. The Periodicals Local Message less than half a million overseas China’s economy, showing growth what kinds of, and where such links To flesh out the existing written (Xiang Xun). The periodicals ‘Local Chinese have invested or are in­ rates of ten per cent or more, has functioned and what impact was materials we collected in 1996-1997, Message’ were edited mainly for volved in their home town. been the focus of world attention. brought to bear on both the overseas we have carried out four periods of the edification of the overseas 7. The growing importance of the The coastal areas of China, particu­ Chinese and China. intensive fieldwork over the last Chinese readers. In fact, most of role of the new Chinese emi­ larly the qiaoxiang areas or the areas In an effort to broach this problem, seven months. The first fieldwork these newspapers are intended to grants. from which the overseas Chinese or we have chosen qiaoxiang studies as a took place in February, just after the be sent abroad. In China many of Over the last 20 years about their ancestors emigrated, have starting point to discover how the re­ Spring Festival, when many overseas qiaoxiang areas have their ‘Local 700,000-1,100,000 Chinese have maintained much higher economic lations between overseas Chinese Chinese came back to their home Message’. We collected the ‘Local emigrated from mainland China. growth rates than other areas. With and China functioned and what their towns to attend what is regarded by Message’ edited at the levels of vil­ Half of these new overseas Chi­ the reviving of the overseas rela­ impact was or will be to either side. Chinese as the most important Chi­ lage, town, and city. nese are well-educated and all of tions, the qiaoxiang areas have Broadly speaking our research pro­ nese festival. The second fieldwork 6. Unpublished materials. These them have good knowledge of shown the most resilient economic ject discusses how qiaoxiang used and period took place at the time of the materials mainly include varied China, particularly their home vigour and become one of the most developed their traditional overseas Qingming Festival in April, when kinds of booklets, short reports, town. They have formed a bridge important economic pillars in relations to enhance their social de­ many overseas Chinese also came newsletters, anniversary albums, between China and foreign capi­ China. For some 20 years the qiaoxi­ velopment and what the impact of back to their home towns to worship etc. Most of them have been print­ tal. ang areas, which include about 25 these links was on the qiaoxiang areas at their ancestoral tombs. The third ed for propaganda or information 8. qiaoxiang is playing an important counties and cities with a popula­ and even on China as a whole, and es­ fieldwork period was arranged to be purposes by the social organiza­ role in starting the industrializa­ tion of some 30 million in the coastal pecially on the overseas Chinese, par­ able to interview the participants, tions or delegations from abroad tion and internationalization of provinces of Fujian and Guangdong, ticularly since the 1970s. who had come from more than forty during the last fifteen years. These the economy of inland China. In have produced economic growth countries to attend the ceremony to materials had a very limited circu­ the near future, inland China will rates close to 20 per cent annually, Research Methods celebrate the establishment of the lation. become a part of the east and and created an economic miracle. The first but most important International Association of Jinjiang 7. Government reports and statisti­ southeast Asian regional econo­ The significance of this economic point for us to tackle is how to ob­ Clans in May. These thousands of cal data. Besides the documents of my. miracle far exceeds the scale of the tain data which are correct and also participants were born in or their the Office for Overseas Chinese qiaoxiang areas’ economy and the representative. The main way to families had originated from Jinji­ Affairs (Qiaoban), the monthly or C all fo r external cooperation level of social development there. achieve this aim fieldwork. Al­ ang, and most of them have made a annual reports of the other gov­ Now we are squaring up to the Actually, owing to its history of though we already have the basic success of their lives becoming entre­ ernment sections also have a we­ process of analysing the materials overseas migration the qiaoxiang published materials, including offi­ preneurs and high officials. The forth alth of information related to the from fieldwork and preparing the areas have functioned as a bridge be­ cial materials which are not open to spell of fieldwork took place in south overseas Chinese investment, ex­ fieldwork in other areas in Fujian tween the domestic market and the public, this is not sufficient. As the Jinjiang, where the greatest concen­ ports and imports, donations, re­ and Guangdong. We would like to international market, as the initial normal figures of government sta­ tration of overseas Chinese have mittances etc. seek co-operation with individual centre for the foreign direct invest­ tistics and the data not open to pub­ come from, in middle July this year. 8. Interview materials. We inter­ scholars and institutes engaging in ment and a model of the market and lic do not always correspond with re­ Each spell of fieldwork took 10-12 viewed members of families, em­ the same or related studies in analys­ internationalized economy in ality, we decided to carry on as many days and nights, and eleven or twel­ ployees of enterprises, inhabitants ing our data, joining our fieldwork China. In any case, qiaoxiang areas interviews as possible with the fami­ ve scholars and postgraduate stu­ of villages, towns, and entrepren­ and publish related research work are nowadays one of the motivating lies, enterprises, and relevant gov­ dents were involved in it, assisted by eurs from abroad. These interview jointly or organizing conferences, on forces in the growth of China’s econ­ ernment sections at the village, several local functionaries. materials are highly important to the condition that both sides can omy and one of the models for eco­ town, and city level. In the selection us as we believe that such materi­ benefit from such cooperation. nomic development strategy in of those villages, enterprises, or fam­ Collected materials als are closer to the reality than Those who are interested in our coastal China. ilies in a village to be interviewed By searching for extant written the governmental data. qiaoxiang project can ask the author The phenomenon of qiaoxiang has and investigated to provide the basic materials and by fieldwork, we have for a complete paper giving what only become the focus of attention information which can be used as already collected the following ma­ Some conclusions has been said above in much more in the last few years, when the in­ representative data, we chose the terials: Some preliminary conclusions detail. ■ creasingly important role of the random sampling strategy. Actually, 1. General data. These include pub­ have arisen from the existing mate­ overseas Chinese in the Asian-Pacific owing to the fact that the overseas lished and unpublished works, rials and the impression given by the economic and scientific structures relations of Jinjiang City were the supplemented by the materials data collected. When we have fin­ was properly realized. Conspicuous­ best in Fujian province, we selected which are not open to the public. ished analysing these data plus new ly, the overseas Chinese billionaires firstly this typically qiaoxiang me­ They cover general information materials from further fieldwork, I and their involvement in China’s tropolis as the object of fieldwork, about qiaoxiang, of which the hope I can go into these comments economy have hogged most of the then compared this case with some parts concerning Guangdong and in more detail. Later these com­ attention and the small and medi­ 10 other counties in Fujian. Later, we Fujian are most valuable to us. ments will contribute to the general um-sized overseas Chinese entre­ will compare the case of Fujian Prov­ 2. Archives and official documents. conclusions. preneurs, who have been involved ince with the qiaoxiang of Guang­ We have collected and marked all x. The economic scale of coastal more deeply in the Chinese economy dong, and also simultaneously ex­ the archival documents relating China is much larger than that and have made much greater contri­ tend fieldwork to the Chinese organ­ to overseas Chinese affairs in the covered by the government statis­ butions to China’s economic growth, izations in southeast Asia in achiev­ 1930s up to 1949 in the Jinjiang tics, therefore the GDP of China have been neglected. The coinci­ ing the aims of our project. Archive. All the archives and doc­ must be much larger than that re­ dence that the overseas Chinese and Within Jinjiang county we select­ uments covering 1949-1992 hou­ produced in government statisti­ mainland China have both rapidly ed 3-4 villages in different areas, sed in the Jinjiang Archive and cal data. We will give an estima­ developed their economic strengths which, according to the present data, other departments of the Jinjiang tion after analysing the data and Professor G. Zhuang was a senior visiting over the past 20 years has attracted could reflect the realities of the Jinji- government have also been cata­ making calculations. fellow at the HAS from I August until world attention to the links between ang in general, and we also gave pri­ logued. Moreover, most docu­ 2. The amount of the hard currency 23 September 1997. He can be reached at China and overseas Chinese, while orities in our interviews to the gov­ ments covering the period 1992 - flowing into China will be much the Nanyang Research Institute, Haibin I ‘Greater China’ or ‘China’s Economic ernmental sections which are con­ May 1997 have been checked and larger than that stated in the sta­ 8-101, Xiamen University, Xiamen 3 6 1005, Zone’ has been intensively discussed. cerned with the overseas Chinese noted. tistics. PR China. Fax: +86-592-2086774

Summer 1997 • iias newsletter n?14 • Zp EAST ASIA

well as older ones on microfilms. For The Tokyo Metropolitan Central Chinese newspapers of the 151th cen­ Library (located inside the Arisu- Monbusho tury as well as Japanese material of gawa Park close to Hiro-o Station in the Meiji period, the Meiji shimbun the southwestern part of Tokyo) is zasshi bunko (Library of Newspapers an interesting place for Chinese and Magazines of the Meiji Period) Studies as well. A large part of books Scholarships for has to be visited. It is located in the and magazines - e.g. all books from basement of the Law Department the last 5-7 years - are displayed on close to the Main Gate ofTödai. This open stacks. There is a copy service place has a vast collection of books (25-40 Yen/copy) and a extremely de­ Japanese and and print media on mostly Japanese, tailed convenient catalogue in pin- but also on Chinese journalism and yin. Most importantly it now hosts additionally a very convenient the huge collection of Chinese and printed catalogue. If you are willing Japanese Late Qing books of the fa­ Chinese Studies to write a page or so on your re­ mous China-scholar Saneto Keishu search project, books can be taken (the collection was recently moved out, newspapers are mostly on mi­ from the Hibiya Metropolitan Li­ This report has a dual purpose. It begins by drawing the newspapers of the late Qing in crofilms. brary). These rare books are obtaina­ reader’s attention to an extremely helpful scholarship pro­ printed forms (e.g. the complete The Tqyo bunka kenkyusho is closed ble on microfilm form only, but mi­ gramme run by the Japanese Ministry o f Education for young Shenbao, the Shibao, North China Her­ at weekends, as is the literature de­ crofilm copies can be made at 70-510 foreign researchers (which in this case is limited to researchers ald etc.]. Apart from the library, on partment (during summer and win­ Yen/copy. Among their special col­ from France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States]. the fourth floor there is a special col­ ter vacation this department only lections is also a section on the his­ Then it moves on to introduce some of the useful library col­ lection of literature concerning jia - opens once a week), but the General tory ofTokyo and historical material lections for Chinese Studies located in Tokyo. guwen and jinwen, the most impor­ Library is open to the public even on of the Edo period. The library is tant monographs on Chinese histo­ Sundays. open during weekends and also has ry of thought (both in Professor Hi- a cafeteria serving hot meals. By NATASCHA VITTINGHOFF & JOACHIM GENTZ rase’s office) and an additional refer­ Other Special lib ra ry A splendid hot meal banquet was — r r - I he Monbusho sche- ent much broader access to the mate­ ence room. Short-term researchers Collections o f Chinese Sources also served at the final meeting be­ rM M M I me covers a two- rial than that allowed to other (for­ cannot take out books, but copies The Oriental Library (Tqyo Bunko) tween the participants and the rep­ JL month stay in eign] students. For instance, it is pos­ can be made at the institute. at Komagome close to the Tödai resentatives of the Monbusho, the DDDH July-August or January- sible to obtain entrance to the closed The main collection of Chinese (Honkomagome 2-28-21, Bunkyo- branches of the academic exchange 1441 ] February at either a state stacks areas of the Tokyo University literature on the Humanities is to be ku, Tokyo 113) began in the late institutions in Tokyo as well as some university in Japan or at a General Library, as well as at the Re­ found in the Literature Department 1910s with the purchase of the ex­ supervising professors. The reports few specially selected specialized in­ search Institute for Oriental Studies of the campus opposite the General tensive library of the well-known given by some selected participants stitutions, with the general intention (Tqyo bunka kenkyusho) which helps to Library. This faculty is again divided Times correspondent Morrison at were so favourable that the organiz­ of facilitating and encouraging aca­ bypass the time-consuming order into several parts, of which the the turn of the century. This in­ ers were literally pleading for some demic exchange between Japanese procedures. This card is also the basis whereabouts tend to be a mystery to cludes 20,000 volumes of mostly criticism, but without success. Ap­ and Western scholars. Participants for the issuing of other special library those who are unaware of their exis­ missionary books, pamphlets, mag­ parently, the two-month stay in should have taken their PhD degree or cards atTödai, e.g. the General Library, tence. On the second floor: 1. Section azines etc., all in non-Chinese lan­ Japan was the suitable period of time be at an advanced stage with their dis­ which means that books can be bor­ on Chinese philosophy; 2. Section on guages, the bulk in English, but also for most the participants, providing sertation and are selected from all aca­ rowed. Moreover, the Monbusho pro­ Chinese classical material, which in Swedish or Russian etc. Now the them with an opportunity to be­ demic fields - about 80 percent of the vides a special grant of 10,000 free has a good collection of important Tqyo Bunko is a famous library and come familiar with the research in­ 60 participants in Summer 1997 were photocopies for personal copies. pre-modern congshu and mono­ research institute with a huge col­ stitutions and facilities and a reason­ technicians and natural scientists, The programme does (not enjoy graphs concerning classical and ar­ lection of ancient and modern Chi­ able basis for considering a longer but anthropologists or researchers in wide recognition and the Japanese chaeological studies, besides an ex­ nese books and magazines. For ac­ stay with a more concrete research Chinese or Japanese Studies are also government is now attempting to cellent, huge collection of reference cess a letter of recommendation is project in the future. As many of the welcome. Apart from a plan for a broaden its scope, which means that works, catalogues, and the database required, which can be obtained participants started conversations study project for the two months and the applicant’s chances of approval index of the 25 histories. Modern lit­ from the host institution. Books about such plans already at this eve­ an invitation from a professor at the are very high. The following intro­ erature is recorded in a card cata­ cannot be taken out and the copy ning with the representatives, the host institution, no further special re­ duction to the main centres of Chi­ logue, but the classical part is ar­ service is time-consuming (1 day) Monbusho scheme’s objectives were quirements are made for the applica­ nese sources may help to provide ranged according to the traditional and rather expensive (30 Yen per perfectly fulfilled. ■ tion. Proficiency in Japanese is not a some basic understanding of the facil­ Chinese jing-shi-zi-ji style. 3. Section normal copy). Most of the publica­ prerequisite for this programme. Ap­ ities for Chinese Studies in Tokyo for on Chinese literature. tions by the Tqyo Bunko can be plication forms can be acquired at the those who might take an interest in On the fourth floor: Japanese and bought right there on the fourth national academic exchange institu­ this programme. Chinese journals. Finally, an annex floor. The Tqyo Bunko is open from tions - for Germany for instance the built across the main entrance Monday to Friday. DAAD in Bonn - which also carry out Chinese Material at houses another section of material The gigantic National Diet Li­ the selection of participants. Tokyo U niversity on Chinese Studies in the basement, brary - the largest in Japan - at Nag- Mr. Wataru Iwamoto at the Monbu­ Chinese material at Tödai is scat­ concentrating on the collected atocho station in the Government sho is responsible for this programme tered far and wide through various works of famous Japanese sinolo­ Area (1-10-1 Nagato-cho, Chiyoda- and may be contacted for general in­ institutes and special collections, gists such as Naito, Takeuchi etc., ku, Tokyo 100) has more than 1.3 formation at the address below. therefore a short introduction and commemorative publications in million Western books, and a big might be useful to the newcomer. honour of important sinologists, special section on Asian material as The programme begins with an Broadly speaking, a major obstacle which are hard to find elsewhere. It well. In addition, all magazines pub­ obligatory one-week course for all for researchers in Chinese Studies, is possible to borrow books in all lished nationwide in Japanese are participants, which involves Japanese who have not mastered Japanese, is sections of the Literature Depart­ collected there. Another section of language classes and general intro­ the Japanese librarian’s convention ment - it is even allowed to copy Rare Books and Old Material on the ductions to Japanese life and culture. of arranging the catalogues in the string-bound volumes - and there fourth floor holds old Japanese Accommodated in the Graduate Hiragana alphabet according to the are also copying facilities in the books from before the Edo period School of Hayama (with an excellent Japanese pronunciation of the Chi­ building. and many Chinese special book col­ view of Fujisan], the participants are nese titles. But the staff is always The General Library also contains lections (congshu etc.) from the Qing not only most generously regaled by very helpful in identifying the Chi­ a wealth of Chinese pre-20th centu­ and earlier. (This section has special the Monbusho, but most of all become nese names and titles. Besides, most ry works in the closed stacks section, call-times three or four times a day, acquainted with their fellow stu­ libraries have catalogues, though which can be taken out (only three so you need plenty of time. The dents. After a week, all participants not too recent ones, with indexes of at a time) and mostly also copied, waiting hours can be spent pleas­ travel to their host organizations, strokes, sometimes in pitiyin. and a large part of the books is in the antly in a cafeteria.) Entrance is easy, which have arranged housing in ad­ The main collection of Chinese open stacks section. but copying can be complicated. In vance. (Chances of finding a berth in a material at Tödai is centred at the Most newspapers held by the Uni­ strict observance of the copyright For more information, contact student hostel are rare but very re­ Tqyo bunka kenkyusho, headed by Pro­ versity are housed in the library of law, it is not allowed to copy more MR WATARU IWAMOTO warding. Participants should inform fessor Hamashita, which is also the Social Communication and In­ than 50 per cent of a book. Again the Ministry of Education (Monbusho) their hosts about their housing ex­ most likely to be the applicant’s host formation Department (formerly: copy service is expensive and time- International Scientific Affairs Division pectations beforehand, otherwise the institution. The China-related ma­ Journalism Department), its en­ consuming. Reader Service is gener­ 2-2 Kasumigaseki, 3-chome Japanese partners might provide very terial consists of a broad collection trance being just around the corner ally opened from Monday to Friday, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo, 100 Japan expensive accommodation). spread over seven floors covering of the General Library, in the same plus every third Saturday. Another Tel:+81-3-3581 2754 Besides the generous grants of the pre-modern and contemporary cong- building. There you get the most odd convention is the closing on Fax:+81-3-3503 7048 Monbusho, the biggest advantage en­ shu, monographs, newspapers, and important contemporary newspa­ every third and fourth Monday in a joyed by a Monbusho scholarship stu­ journals in Chinese, Japanese, Kore­ pers about three days’ old from all month, or the following day, should Natascha Vittinghoff and dent is being provided with a research an, and Western languages. There is parts of the world (in German e.g.: the Monday be a public holiday. So Joachim Gentz are both PhD candidates fellow card, which allows the recipi­ a remarkable selection of Chinese FAZ, SZ, ZEIT, TAZ, Woche etc.) as take a look at your calendar. at Heidelberg University, Germany.

3 0 • HAS NEWSLETTER N? 14 • Autumn 1997 EAST ASIA

eenth century to the present. This cated by a range of research activities discourse played and continues to undertaken in the last few years. A Historiography of play a constitutive role for the self­ Mention should be made here of the understanding and self-identity of formation of a ‘Chinese Historiogra­ the Chinese literati, scholars, and in­ phy Study Group’ under the Associa­ tellectuals during the last two cen­ tion o f Asian Studies (AAS) and a large- turies. Because of its intimate link­ scale international research project Qing Scholarship on ‘Chinese and Comparative Histo­ age to the question of cultural iden­ tity and modernity, the topic of Qing riography’ that has been launched. teenth century, it was only natural its conservative side, it read into Chi­ scholarship has stirred up considera­ For details see Chinese Historiography By ACHIM MITTAG that the literati elite looked towards nese history a special soul.... History ble controversy among Chinese in­ Study Group. Newsletter N0.1 (March, 1997). As part of this project, the Chi- n his famous inau­ the past for orientation. ‘Rely upon either integrated China in the world tellectuals in this century. In the in­ R esearch ang Ching-kuo Foundation, Taipei, gural lecture on the the precedents of the past in order to or insulated China from the world. tended study, these discussions are Project has accepted a grant application for study of world his­ reform the [present) political sys- But in neither reading, the post- placed into the context of the evolv­ I three conferences to be held in Ger­ tory in 1/89, Friedrich tem'(tuo-gugai-zhi). This was the slo­ Confucian Marxist nor the post- ing historiography of Qing scholar­ many in 1998-2000. ■ Schiller told his audi­ gan of Kang You-wei (1858-1927), the Confucian “Confucian”, was China ship, mostly biographical writings ence, ‘While he [modern figurehead of the Hundred Days’ Re- the world itself’ on individual Qing scholars, but also man] carried Europe to Western form in 1898, who was convinced of Insightful as Levenson’s analysis historical outlines of'schools’, teach- India and into the South Pacific, he having found a magic formula by is, it nevertheless does not take into ers-students' genealogies, notably (I am grateful to my former colleague simultaneously caused Asia to rise in which China could embark on the account those intriguing attempts Jiang Fan’s (1761-2831) Records o f Dr Michael Gottlob, now living in Europe. Now the sky above the Teu­ thorny path of modernization. to bridge the dilemma mentioned Scholarly Succession in Han Learning Bergamo, Italy, for his friendship and for tonic forests looks more cheerful ... Though ardently opposed to Kang, above. Most notable in this respect under the Present D ynasty (Guo-chao sharing his insights into modern Indian and the waves of the Rhine River Zhang Bing-lin (1869-1936'), revolu­ are the Chinese indigenous narra­ Han-xue shi-chengji), etc. historical thought with me). mirror vines from Asia.’ A promising tionary and prominent scholar, as­ tives of the unfolding of modernity. My present research also relates to startingpoint for the student of pired to write a grand comprehen­ As very recently pointed out and dis­ the broader discussion on Chinese world history? Or the clarion voice of sive history of China. Comparing cussed by Harriet Zurndorfer (in historiography and Chinese histori­ early Orientalism, with all its Euro­ China’s situation to that of India, JESHO 40:4 [1997]), there are basically cal thought. Very recently, enthu­ DrAchim Mittag is an ESF Fellow centric and imperialistic overtones? Zhang came to the conclusion that two versions of these ‘modernization siasm for this particular field of For many Asian intellectuals, it is after all China was better off, just be­ narratives’: first, China entered early study has been renewed. This is indi­ stationed at the HAS. certainly the latter. Especially if we cause she could draw on a long histo­ modernity in the Tang-Song transi­ consider the drastic .picture which ry, richly documented in historical tional period (c. from 750-1000). It is Schiller draws of the barbaric Oth­ records which cover with exception­ widely known that Nairn Konan ers, triumphantly concluding his al continuity a period of nearly 3,000 (1866-1934), considered the founder ethnographic excursion by declar­ years. Following the iconoclasm of of the 'Kyoto School’ of Japanese Si­ ing, ‘Such was our past’. nology, must be credited Small wonder that the West­ with formulating this ver­ J j New Publications ern idea of a unilinear, pro­ sion. However, it did not be­ gressive history came to be come very influential in The beginning of Heaven and Earth. The Sacred Book o f Japan's regarded by Asians as a China. Second, in the late bridgehead of colonization Because of its intimate linkag Ming/early Qing period Hidden Christians. Translated by Christal Whelan, University of and unwanted moderniza­ (c. the seventeenth century), Hawai i Press, Honolulu 1996. ISBN 0-8248-1824-5 tion, as a deadly mechanism China experienced econom­ ending in depriving other to cultural identity ic, commercial and societal Akihiko Senda, The Voyage o f Contemporary Japanese Theatre, civilizations of their own developments which sug­ translated by J. Thomas Rimer, University of Hawaii Press, pasts and in imposing on gest striking similarities to Honolulu 1997. ISBN 0-8248-1722-2 them a future which is a re­ and modernity, the rise of capitalism in Eu­ written script of Europe’s rope. Mention must be made Bargen, Doris G., A Woman’s Weapon. Spirit Possession in The Tale present. Castigating ‘the op­ in this context of the pro­ ofGenji, University ofHawaii Press, Honolulu 1997. ISBN o-8248-i858-X pression which comes as the topic o f Qin^ scholarship longed historiographical de­ ‘history”, the Indian histori­ bates on the ‘sprouts of capi­ Bischoff, Friedrich A., Djin Ping Meh: Epitome und analytischer an and cultural critic, Ashis has stirred up talism’ held in the PRC in Namenindex. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna 1997. Nandy, for instance, has the 50s. Also, owing to the ISBN 3-7001-2641-7 made it very clear that the profound changes in the in­ actual problem of non-West- considerable controversy tellectual climate, the seven­ Fei Hstn, Hsing-ch’a sheng-lan. The overall Survey o f the Star Raft ern peoples lies in ‘[being] teenth century earned the translated by J.V.G. Mills; revised, annotated and edited by Roderich Ptak. victimized not merely by epithet of the Enlighten­ Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1996. ISBN 3-447-03798-9 partial, biased or ethnocen­ ment Era (qi-meng shi-dai). tric history, but by the idea Now, in the past decade, this Brown, Kendall H„ The Politics o f Reclusions: painting and power in ofhistory itself.’ second version of the ‘mod­ Momoyama Japan, University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu 1997. The Chinese case shows a ernization narrative’ has re­ ISBN 0-8248-1913-6 different picture and we will hardly the May Fourth Movement (c. 1915- ceived much attention because of the find such outspoken critics of ‘the 1930) and, after the founding of the approach taken by the Princeton- - Carter, Steven D., Unforgotten Dreams. Poems by the Zen Monk idea ofhistory itself. The reason for PRC, the strenuous attempts to fit based Yü Ying-shih (born 1930), who Shötetsu, Colombia University Press, New York, 1997. this is evident: China possessed a for­ the Chinese past into the universal argued in a study published in 1987 - ISBN 0-231-10576-2 (cloth); 0-231-10577-0 (paper) midable tradition of historiography Marxist categories, a new turn to­ explicitly in critical reference to Max of her own, and throughout all ages wards the Chinese past has been ob­ Weber - that there was a close rela­ there was a politically motivated served in the 90s, which is combined tionship between Chinese religious emphasis on keeping records and with proposals for a Confucian ren­ ethics and the strong economic de­ writing history, reinforced by the aissance. velopment in Ming and Qing China. strong scholarly commitment of the Writing back in the 60s, Joseph Le- The origins of the second version literati elite. As is said in a Neo-Con- venson conceived of a fundamental of the ‘modernist narrative’ can be fucian world chronicle of the early dilemma for the modern Chinese traced to Liang Qi-chao (1879-1929) NO AND KYÖGIN IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD seventeenth century, the universe is historical consciousness. As he saw and his early outline of Qing schol­ Mitral hv IAMES R. BRANDON made up of three great powers, it, Chinese historiography could arship (1904), in which he empha­ Heaven, Earth, and Historiography treat Chinese history either under sized the scientific spirit of kao-zheng (shi; usually, this tripartite sequence the conceptual framework developed scholars guided in their research by is Heaven, Earth, and Man). It in professionalized European histor­ the principle of ‘seeking the truth should not be forgotten that in im­ ical studies or not. In the first case, it from the facts' (shi-shi qiu-shi). This perial China history also acted as an would amount to a loss of cultural early essay of Liang Qi-chao’s as well agency of internal colonization and identity. In the second case, it would as his much better known Outline o f of implementing cultural standards amount to isolation in a globalizing Scholarship in the Qing Period (Qing- throughout the vast empire. This is world. In fact, according to Leven- dai xue-shugai-lun, 1920) is part of my especially true with regard to the son, twentieth-century historiogra­ present research work on ‘Historio­ Brandon,James R. fed.}. No and Kyogen in the Contemporary World, local gazetteers which were pro­ phy in and outside Mainland China graphy of Qing Scholarship’, carried University ofHawai’i Press, Honolulu 1997. ISBN 0-8248-1810-5 duced in abundance during the evolved along these two lines: ‘On its out at the HAS and the Sinological Ming and Qing dynasties. radical side, it laid down lines to the Institute of Leiden University. The Heidenrcich, Dietmar. Der Aphorismus als Epos bei Akutagawa Ryü Therefore, when China felt the Chinese past through a supposedly planned study aims at reconstruct­ nosuke. Peter Lang Europaischer Verlaf der Wiisenschaften, Frankfurt/M, acute necessity to reform and mod­ universal (not exclusively Western) ing the historical discourse on Qing Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris, Vienna, 1997. ISBN 3-631-31698-4 ernize in the late 90s of the nine­ sequence of historical stages. And on scholarship from the mid-eight­

Summer 1997 • has newsletter TM°14 • 3 1 EAST ASIA

26 ► 30 JULY 1997

I- - International Symposium on Modern Chinese Poetry Prof. Xic Mian, Peking University The symposium’s closing session In the final days o f July of this year, over fifty scholars, critics, ferences of opinion and persuasion had been reserved for ‘free debate’ and poets descended on the town of Wuyishan, in a spectacu­ between different generations of and was chaired by Wang Guang­ larly beautiful part of southeast China, to attend the Interna­ scholars, critics and poets were ming. The discussion pointed to a tional Symposium on Modern Chinese Poetry (Xiandai Han pleasantly irreconcilable. Contem­ new kind of urgency for an old ques­ shi guoji yantao hui). The symposium’s main organizing porary PRC poetry since the mid- tion: to what extent can and should bodies were Fujian Normal University and the Research Insti­ 1980s turned out to be the piece de re­ modern Chinese poetry be an ideo­ tute for Literature o f the Chinese Academy for Social Sciences, sistance. But in view of the explosive Sun Shaozhen, prominent critic logical undertaking? Or, in one pos­ assisted by the Research Institute for Literature o f Peking Uni­ development of Chinese poetry in sible rephrasing, what is the divi­ versity and other academic and literary institutions. the past decades and its overall plu- sion of labour between its being riformity, it is hardly surprising that genre; Pai Ling gave a fascinating Chinese and its being poetry? The sus-new is matched in prominence not all of its critics are equally ena­ talk on poetic composition; Chen remains of one kind of orderliness in By MAGHIEL VAN CREVEL by the dichotomy Chinese-versus- moured of all of its styles. Zhongyi, Cheng Guangwei, Cui Ji- this field - that forcibly imposed by * T ^ articipants came foreign. At the Wuyishan sympo­ In addition to broad issues such anjun, Jin Longyun, Nan Fan, Tang wars and politics - are fast disap­ from all over the sium, the latter was manifest in at as the above, which have kept critics Xiaodu, Maghiel van Crevel, Yu pearing, and new forces to reckon JL PRC, including least three areas of debate: (lj foreign of modern Chinese poetry in busi­ Zhaoping and others presented case with include the full gamut of liter­ Hong Kong, as well as influences on the language of twen­ ness for a century now, the sympo­ studies which between them span­ ary theory as well as prosaic Truths from Australia, Germa­ tieth-century Chinese poems, (2) the sium featured more specialized but ned the full range of modern Chi­ of Money: how much, for example, ny, Japan, Korea, Taiwan lives and times of modern Chinese no less exciting presentations. nese poetry up to the present day. does a book of poetry cost its author and the United States. poems and poets outside China - Huang Lin, Lin Qi, Zhai Yongming, Inevitably, the ‘Chineseness’ of that in today’s radically commercialized Outside the three-day, rather dense touched on by Wolfgang Kubin and Zhou Yaqin and others spoke on is­ poetry led into varying interpreta­ China? But time ran out, as it will, programme of formal presentations Wang Jiaxin - and the growing im­ sues in Chinese women’s poetry, tions of Han in xiandai Han shi - lit­ before definite and final conclusions and discussion, there was ample op­ pact of non-Chinese scholars and sparking off debate which resulted erally ‘modern Han poetry’ - which on modern Chinese poetry could be portunity for further trading of critics on Chinese poetry scenes, and in a postponement of dinner; Tu can be read as short for either Hanzu reached. ■ views and materials, and for appre­ (3) powers and limitations of opposi­ Kuo-ch’ing discussed internet poet­ ‘the Han/Chinese people/nation’ or ciating such divergent Wuyishan tions such as Chinese-foreign, Chi­ ics and their implications for Chi­ Hanyu ‘the Han/Chinese language’: charms as Wulong tea and snake nese-Western and Eastern-Western. nese poetry in the next century; should the term, depending on its wine. The symposium’s organizers, The first of these three can be seen Hsiao Hsiao dwelt on prose poetry context, perhaps sometimes be especially Wang Guangming and as part of a much larger issue offer­ from Taiwan, with reference to clas­ translated as ‘modern poetry in Chi­ Dr M. van Crevel works at the School other staff of the Department of Chi­ ing endless possibilities for theoriz­ sical Chinese samples of this elusive nese’? o f Asian Studies, University o f Sydney nese at Fujian Normal University, ing: that is, ways in which the na­ did an expert job in creating ideal ture of the modern Chinese lan­ circumstances for intensive, stimu­ guage determines the nature of sense that it covers the whole range lating scholarly exchange. modern Chinese poetry. While rela­ of human life, including natural de­ The participants brought with tionships between any language and Confucius' sires, spiritual aspirations, and the them a great variety of topics, ap­ its poetry merit scholarly interest, highest ideals. It is hierarchical in proaches, «questions and answers. the modern Chinese case may derive the effect that the more one culti­ Rather than reporting in detail on extra relevance from an exceptional­ vates oneself, the higher stage one individual presentations - thirty- ly turbulent history. The birth of Value System will attain. As for the demanding as­ four papers were given, all in Chi­ modern Chinese poetry is associated pect, the point is that during one’s nese - 1 will identify a few central, re­ with radical language reform early lifetime, one cannot rest at any high­ current points of discussion, some of in this century, and categories such losophy is ma mere humanism er stage without the danger of fall­ By PEI-JUNG FU which have sustained critical inter­ as the 'translation style’ -- bearing which deals with moral advice and ing backwards. est for a full one hundred years, ever linguistic traces of foreign originals iving in today’s educational reforms only. Confuci­ A brief description of this value since the first signs of modernity in - and the ‘Mao style’ - heavily col­ world, what can us’ philosophy is truly a humanism, system runs as follows. The system Chinese poetry in the late 1890s. oured by Maoist political lingo - we still learn from but with an open end directing to has a structure of three stages, each have proved useful in describing Confucius (551-479 BCJ? the transcendent, which signifies of which includes two levels of value Old and new, some of the formidable changes that The answer for me is the perfection of human nature, i.e., respectively. We have then (1) the Chinese and foreign the language of modern Chinese quite clear, that is, a sys­ the sagehood or the union of Heaven ego-centred stage with the values of First of all, relationships between poetry has undergone. Speakers on tem of values. Every tradition has its and the human being. In other living and development in the sense classical and modern traditions in such matters included He Rui, Li own value system which is usually words, Confucius’ philosophy has a of worldly success; (2) the human in­ Chinese poetry proved to be an issue Zhensheng, Liu Fuchun, Shen Qi, cherished and preserved in the form religious dimension with which all teractive stage with the values of so­ of undiminished relevance. Among and Zhou Xiaofeng. of a religion or a series of religious religions today can identify. And this cial order (maintained by laws and others, Lan Dizhi and Sun Yushi beliefs. Any religion, of itself, is point will be further clarified once rituals) and human feelings (that is, dwelt upon interactions between the Poethood praiseworthy and indispensable to we understand his value system. human affections and moral vir­ old and the new, the ‘new’ roughly Another important topic, once its followers. However, when differ­ As a strand of humanism, Confuci­ tues); and (3) the idealized stage with denoting twentieth-century texts: more confirming the lasting accura­ ent religions meet, confrontation us’ philosophy shows respect and the values of non-selfishness (or how the new has drawn inspiration cy of work on modern Chinese poet­ and conflict become inevitable un­ concern for every individual without non-selfhood) and the supreme good from the old, how the new has failed ry done by scholars such as Kai-yu less a common basis for their dis­ discrimination, in the hope that all (or the sagehood). to draw inspiration from the old, Hsu, Lloyd Haft, and Michelle Yeh, course can be found. Confucius’ phi­ the potentials of the human being, The details of this system will be how the old has influenced the new was the social role of the modern losophy may well serve as this com­ from bodily to spiritual ones, will be elaborated in my course for students and - as Ren Hongyuan argued - Chinese poet and, more generally, mon basis in the sense that it focuses fulfilled. More significantly, it af­ of Leiden University and in the lec­ how the new has influenced the old. representations of poethood and of on human life in this world, while firms that human nature is endowed tures I have arranged to present dur­ A closely related topic is of course the writing process. Possible types of leaving the questions concerning with the tendency towards good­ ing my research period at the HAS. ■ that of modernity itself; Ping-kwan ‘responsibility’ were the subject of human before-birth and after-death ness, which marks the ‘ought to be’ Leung, Sasaki Hisaharu, Wang ardent debate: to Chinese history, to open. Each religion has its own an­ of human being, and which, if devel­ The HAS has recently established the Guangming, and Zang Di were the individual self, to art, to lan­ swers to these questions, but there is oped and realized well, will culmi­ European Chair for Chinese Studies. among the many speakers address­ guage. In these discussions - involv­ no reason that life in this world nate in the ideal state of sagehood. Prof. Fu Pei-jung {National Taiwan ing one or another of its aspects as ing, among others, Hong Zicheng, should be ignored. This is the place, Based on the above premises, Confu­ University) is the first HAS professorial fellow pertinent to Chinese poetry. Liu Denghan, Luo Hanchao, Sun as I have said, where Confucius’ phi­ cius presents a value system which is in Chinese Studies, until September 1998, In the study of modern Chinese Shaozhen, Wang Xiaoni, Xie Mian, losophy should be taken into consid­ comprehensive, hierarchical, and de­ focusing on Chinese Philosophy and literature, the dichotomy old-ver- Xu Jingya, and Zhu Shoutong - dif­ eration. I do not mean that this phi­ manding. It is comprehensive in the Religious Studies.

3 2 • IIAS NEWSLETTER TsE 14 • Autum n 1997 EAST ASIA

one. The third stage was the estab­ tional firms. Many of the enterprises also expressed great interest in do­ lishment of manufacturing firms in were established by small and medi­ mestic markets to which they cur­ the region. Two things have been um-sized overseas Chinese firms with rently have limited access. Chinese A fifth characteristic is the massive clearly observed in the enterprises a small or medium amount of invest­ studied: (1) overseas Chinese entre­ ment. This presents a significant dif­ and diversified labour force employed preneurs tended first to establish ference from Western TNEs, which in the Chinese TNEs. To churn out themselves in locations that are geo­ are, generally speaking, technologi­ the low-cost toys, clothes, sport shoes, Transnational and plastic goods that flood consumer graphically and culturally proximate cally superior and are backed and in­ and gradually to increase their in­ fluenced by a large organization out­ markets world-wide, transnational volvement moving towards more dis­ side the host country (Jansson, 1994). Chinese entrepreneurs have estab- | tant places, in this case inland China; The third difference is that the Chi­ lished production systems that span Enterprises in space and labour diversities. The ma­ and (2) they tended to move into the nese TNEs are not set up far away manufacturing companies from the from their parent companies as many jority of the Chinese TNEs studied are very beginning of the establishment Western corporations are. The enter­ labour intensive, migrant and female of their global organizations. This is a prises studied were all invested in by dominated manufacturing firms. South China Most of the workers in these enter­ different task from that adopted by overseas Chinese who reside in the vi­ the European transnational corpora­ cinity of south China in places such as prises are young, of peasant origin, This article is an introduction to the research project being tions in Asia in which manufacturing Hong Kong, Taiwan, and southeast' with a low educational level, and a undertaken by the author. The project is concerned with the firms would only be established after Asian countries. This affords these lack of industrial work experience. structure and social organization of Chinese transnational en­ a long trial period and experiments TNEs a special characteristic, namely terprises in their relationship with overseas Chinese connec­ with their representatives and agency the manageable distance allows fre­ Conclusions The concentration and the rapid tions and investments in the region of south China, where the firms in the region (Jansson, 1994). quently travelling by transnational author conducted field investigations in Guangdong and Fuji­ managers and technicians between growth of overseas Chinese capital in an provinces in April 1997. Fourteen overseas Chinese-invested Characteristics the mother firms to their subsidiar­ south China since the late 1980s both enterprises were selected for study. Some findings of the field Several characteristics of the Chi­ ies. The upshot is that investors are suggest that transnational capital does not flow across this space uncon- study will be discussed in this paper. nese TNEs have been observed in the able to have close contacts and exer­ investigation. The first and most sig­ cise control in management and pro­ strainedly. National borders might be Others acknowledge that there is a nificant one is that the Chinese TNEs duction of their subsidiaries in the re- threatened in the age ofglobalization, ■ By CEN HUANG yet cultural-institutional maps still correlation between culture, institu­ share similar cultural identities and gion. dictate the direction and the way in hinese transna­ tions, history, and the direction of linguistic preferences with local part­ The fourth characteristic of the Chi­ which transnational capital expands tional enterprises transnational capital flows in the ners and workers. All foreign inves­ nese TNEs is that these tend to be ex­ and is accumulated. Based on shared (hereafter re- rapid growth o f‘Greater China’ and tors in the enterprise studies identi­ port-oriented manufacturing firms. cultural identity and linguistic pref­ /Y N I ferred to as Chinese the formation of the southeast Asia fied themselves as being of Chinese Processing manufactured goods for export is the main orientation of the erence, and shaped by increasing local v L v | TNEs) are defined to ‘growth triangle’. Lee Kuan Yew indi­ cultural origin and speaking Chinese. autonomy in China, overseas Chinese cover all overseas Chi­ cates ‘what ethnic Chinese from A second characteristic is that not Chinese TNEs studied, but all over­ investors have successfully estab­ nese-invested enterprises plus affili­ Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan did all Chinese TNEs are big multina­ seas Chinese investors interviewed lished relationships with not only the ates in China, which own or control was to demonstrate to a sceptical state officials but also their local busi­ production or service facilities in one world that guanxi connections (Advertisement) ness partners. Seizing the day, Chi­ or more countries. through the same language and cul­ nese transnational enterprises have The presence and activities of over­ ture can make up for a lack in the rule developed prosperously in south seas Chinese who live outside of the of law and transparency in rules and i KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL fcj| China and have evolved their own administrative jurisdiction of the Pe­ regulations’ (cf Ong, 1997:177). Lee’s Established 1871 unique characteristics in organiza­ ople’s Republic of China mainly in statement sketches a vision of a large Publishers of academic and scholarly books on Asia, Japan, tion and management styles. ■ Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and reality underlying transnational Chi­ China, Korea, the Middle East and the Pacific Basin nese co-operation: ‘people feel a natu­ PO Box 256, London WC1B 3SW, United Kingdom southeast Asia, have created all kinds Tel: 00 44 171 580 5511 Fax: 00 44 171 436 0899 of border-crossing networks that ral empathy with those who share E-mail: [email protected] their physical attributes. This sense of Visit our home page on the Internet: References seem to subordinate political differ­ http://www.demon.co.uk/keganpaul/ ences to trade interests. In the past closeness is reinforced when they also - Chen, Qiang & Hu, Shaowei, ‘An Analysis on China’s Utilization of two decades, overseas Chinese have share culture and language. It makes NEW AND FORTHCOMING BOOKS Foreign Investm ent’ The Study of Overseas played a crucial role in the creation of for easy rapport and the trust that is STUDIES FROM THE HAS Chinese Affairs, 1997,72(z):2o-22. ‘the economic miracle’ in both south­ the foundation of all business rela­ A new series of scholarly monographs focusing on cultures and societies in Asia. east Asia and south China. In 19516 tions’ (International Herald Tribune, 23 Dynamics of Pacific Asia: Edited by K. Radtke and J. Stam - International Herald Tribune, alone, China actually utilized foreign November 1993). Many overseas Chi­ 0 7103 0598 2 £45/$76.50 investment amounting to US$ 42.35 nese investors interviewed in this India and Beyond: Edited by Dick van der Meij. 0 7103 0602 4 23 November 1993, p. 4. billion, of which some 70.51%, accord­ study agreed that, compared to other REFERENCE - Jansson, H., ing to official PRC records, came from overseas production sites, China is Hani-English/English-Hani Dictionary: Paul Lewis and Bai Bibo overseas Chinese (Chen & Hu, 19517). more attractive because of the cultu­ 0 7103 0564 8, £95/$ 161.50 Transnational Corporations in Southeast Asia: Overseas Chinese have been viewed as ral and linguistic affinity between Mongolian English Dictionary: C.R. Bawden 0 7103 0439 0. £150/5255 An Institutional Approach to Industrial Organization. bridge builders who, especially after themselves and the mainlanders. JAPAN the Tiananmen crackdown, emerged There are economic reasons why The Human Face of Japan’s Post War Industrial Disputes: Edward Elgar Publishing as a critical group in providing the the overseas Chinese have invested in Hirosuke Kawanishi 0 7103 0563 X, £55/593.50 Company 1994. Introduction to Zen Training: Omori Sogen 0 7103 0534 6. £35/559.50 capital and expertise to fuel China’s south China. Rapid economic devel­ Japanese Childcare: Eyal Ben-Ari 0 7103 0553 2. £55/593.50 economic takeoff (Ong & Nonini, opment there creates profitable mar­ Omori Sogen - Life of a Zen Master: Hosokawa Dogen - Ong, A., ‘Chinese Modernities: Narratives 1997). Taking advantage of the lin­ kets. Cheap labour and an adequate 0 7103 0588 5, £35/559.50 of Nation and of Capitalism’, in Ong, A., The Spirit of Budo: Trevor Leggett 0 7103 0562 1. £25/542.50 guistic and cultural affinity, overseas labour force open the way for low pro­ & Nonin, D. M. (eds.), Underground Chinese investors have successfully duction costs. There are favourable SIR HENRY WELLCOME SERIES Empires, The Cultural Politics o f Modem managed to transform south China investment conditions, for instance, Early Chinese Medical Literature: D. Harper 0 7103 0582 6. £75/5127.50 Chinese Transnationalism. New York, tax incentives for foreign investors in Ibn Al-Jazzar on Sexual Diseases: Gerrit Bos 0 7103 0569 9. £65/5110.00 London: Routledge 1997. into an export-oriented dynamo. A Soup for the Qan: P. Buell and E. Anderson 0 7103 0583 4. £65/5110.00 China, especially in the coastal prov­ Chinese TNEs inces. The interpretation and imple­ CHINA AND ASIA - Ong, A., & Nonin, D.M. (eds.), Why did overseas Chinese invest in mentation of laws and policies in Chinese Foreign Policy During the Cultural Revolution: Underground Empires, The Cultural Politics of B. Barnouin and Y. Changgen 0 7103 0580 X, £55/593.50 Modem Chinese Transnationalism. China, especially in south China? The China are flexible and sometimes per­ Tibetan Border Worlds: W. van Spengen and M. Schoffeleers motives of overseas Chinese invest­ sonal. This offers more choices to 0 7103 0592 3, £45/576.50 New York, London: Routledge 1997. ment have been debated among not heighten the appeal of the official fa­ Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples: H. Nakamura 0 7103 0571 0, £19.95/534.00 only researchers, but also policy mak­ vourable investment conditions. The - Suryadinata, L, ers of the nations which are involved establishment of Chinese TNEs in THE MIDDLE EAST AND WEST ASIA 'China’s Economic Modernization and in this phenomenon. Some research­ south China has passed through three The Dilmun Temple at Saar: H. Crawford, R. Killick and J. Moon the Ethnic Chinese in ASEAN: 0 7103 0487 0, £45/576.50 ers suggest that overseas Chinese have different stages. The first stage started A Preliminary Study’, in L. Suryadinata Dictionary of Modem Arab History: R. Bidwell 0 7103 0505 4. £150/5255 (ed.) Southeast Asian Chinese and China, invested in China primarily for prof­ with overseas Chinese entrepreneurs Indigenous Manpower of the Arabian Peninsula: S. Ghazal its, not because they feel any loyalty to travelling to the region from their 0 7103 0584 2, £17.50/529.50 the Political-Economic Dimension. the Chinese nation-state (Suryadina- countries or areas of residence. In the Prehistory of Northeastern Arabia: A. Masry 0 7103 0536 2. £65/5110.00 Singapore: Times Academic Press 1995. very beginning, many of them went ta, 1995). They are opportunists and Further details of the above titles available from Kegan Paul international. parvenus eager to enrich themselves, back to their ancestral home towns to ORDERS: Orders for books to be delivered in the UK, Europe and the rest of the while benefiting China incidentally. seek business opportunities. The sec­ world should be sent to John Wiley & Sons Order Dept, Southern Cross Trading Ong (1997) argues that overseas ethnic ond stage involved the establishment Estate, 1 Oldlands Way, Bognor Regis, West Sussex P022 9SA UK. Phone orders: Dr Cen Huang is an HAS research fellow (44) 01243 779 777. Fax orders: (44) 01243 820 250. Orders for books to be deliv­ working within the research programme Chinese acknowledged their home­ of contacts and networks with local ered in North America should be ordered from Columbia University Press Order land, but mainlanders find it hard to authorities to negotiate investment Dept, 136 South Broadway, Irvington NY 10533 USA. Phone Orders: (800) 944 ‘International Social Organization in East accept that they all have China’s real conditions and contracts. The first 8648 or (914) 591 9111. Fax orders (800) 944 1844 or (914) 591 9201. and Southeast Asia: Qiaoxiang ties in interests at heart. two stages were often combined into the twentieth century’.

Summer 1997 • iias newsletter n ?14 • 3 3 EAST ASIA

garding Edo popular culture. In Nis­ forms of performing arts in the peri­ hiyama’s view, scholars in the past od of transition to the modern era. have too easily dismissed Edo-period culture as inferior to other periods. Nishiyama is a pioneer in the However, the value of Edo culture study of the popular culture of the should not be looked for in extant Edo period. Although his essays tend EdO CU'to ^ s,ons artefacts, but in the unprecedented to be somewhat superficial and often breadth and diversity of cultural ac­ lack the precise data and definitions in Urban japan, tivities. The general involvement of required by modern scholarship, his all kinds of people in artistic life and importance in the development of N *»»» M^unosuUe cultural pursuits constitutes the the study of Edo popular culture unique quality and importance of cannot be overestimated. By adding Edo culture, and it is this aspect valuable background information, that should be the focus of study. the translator and editor Gerald The subsequent twelve chapters Groemer has made up for much of are divided into three parts. In the lack of concrete data. One of the Part One, called Edo: The City and good aspects of Nishiyama’s work is Its Culture, the first chapter de­ his strong reliance on contemporary scribes Edo as the capital of the publications as sources of evidence. Tokugawa shogun and as a war­ In the English translation, this use rior city. The second chapter fo­ of contemporary works is elaborated cuses on the other inhabitants by including many illustrations of this town: artisans and mer­ from Edo-period publications. Edo chants who were proud of Culture is well worth reading for any­ Margarita Winkel their own distinct city culture one interested in Edo literature and ([email protected]) is and their identity as Edokko in the social context of art produc­ a CNWS research assistant attached to (children of Edo). The third tion and consumption in the Edo pe­ the Centre for Japanese and Korean Studies, chapter considers aesthetic riod. ■ Leiden University concepts which were central to the life and ideals of Edo in general and of the pleas­ S hort ure quarter, Yoshiwara, in NEWS m NEWS particular. In the fourth chapter Edo publishers and the production pro­ & cess of books and prints is described. The final chap­ JAPAN AND THE JOHN KING ter of this part is devoted to the re­ THE NETHERLANDS FAIRBANK LIBRARY ligious life of Edoites and is based n the year 2000, the Netherlands IN PRAGUE mainly on Edo meisho zue, a 26-vol- 1 and Japan will celebrate the T % efore his death in 1991, Profes- ume guide on annual customs JL 400th anniversary of the esta­ sor John King Fairbank trans- which was published between 1834 blishment of bilateral relations. JlJ ferred most ofhis Chinese- and 1836. With the arrival of the ship ‘De Lief­ language books to the Harvard Uni­ Edo Culture The second part of the book, called de’ on the east coast of the island of versity library system. It was always The Town and The Country, consists of Kyushu in 1600, an ongoing rela­ his wish, however, that his English- three chapters which describe vari­ tionship was started which continu­ language books be given to a library Nishiyama Matsunosuke, ous aspects of the relation between ed during the sakoku period (1640- in a non-English-speaking country. Edo Culture. Daily Life and Diversions urban and rural culture. Chapter Six 1853), in which the Tokugawa Shog- Consequently, in November 1994, in Urban Japan, 1600-1868. discusses the provincial culture of unate closed the doors to all mer­ the John King Fairbank Library ope­ Translated and edited by Gerald Groemer. the Kasei period (1804-1830) in which cantile intercourse with other Wes­ ned at the Oriental Institute of the Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997. contacts and cultural exchange be­ tern trading nations. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Re­ ISBN 0-8248-1850-4 tween urban centres and rural areas Two members of the Institute for public in Prague. became particularly strong. In­ the History of European Expansion In the late 1960s, Professor Jaros- Townspeople Study Group’ (Edo By MARGARITA WINKEL creased cash-crop cultivation and (IGEER), Dr W. Remmelink (director lav Prusek, a leading Czech specialist chönin kenkyükaï], which resulted in other forms of trade intensified the of the Japan-Netherlands Institute in modern Chinese literature, visit­ ishiyama Mat­ the publication of the five-volume communication between city people in Tokyo) and Dr L. Blusse' (History ed Harvard to host a graduate semi­ sunosuke is Edo chönin no kenkyü (1973-1975). This and rural population. Chapter Seven Department, Leiden University) have nar. During his stay at Harvard, Pro­ one of Japan’s work still stands out as one of the focuses on the numerous travellers been commissioned by the ‘Stich­ fessor Prusek developed a close most prominent histori­ most important publications on the in Japan and their role as cultural in­ ting 400 jaar Nederland-Japan’ to friendship with John and Wilma ans of Edo popular cul­ daily life and activities of the people termediaries. Both professional trav­ edit a commemorative volume. It Fairbank, and remained a close ture. Edo Culture. Daily of Edo. Nishiyama’s collected works ellers such as performing artists, ex­ will contain historical essays writ­ friend until his death in 1980. Dur­ Life and diversions in Urban Japan, appeared as a set of seven volumes in ercisers, priests and monks, as well ten by sixteen scholars from Japan ing his tenure as Director of the 1600-1868 contains thirteen ofhis ar­ the 1980s. as the huge crowds of common pil­ and the Netherlands and is schedu­ Oriental Institute of the then Czech­ ticles in English translation. The In the author's introduction, Ni­ grims are taken into consideration. led to appear in the sping of 2000 in oslovak Academy of Sciences, Profes­ translator and editor Gerald Groem­ shiyama explains his basic ideas re- Chapter Eight examines the iemoto of English, Dutch, and Japanese trans­ sor Prusek endeavoured to build a er added an introduction, notes, a culinary schools and the transmis­ lations. strong library in Chinese Studies. bibliography, and a glossary to facili­ sion of secret culinary information. Within the framework of this Continuing in this tradition and tate the English reader. The articles The third part of the book is called comprehensive research project aware ofPrusek’s friendship with included in this volume are a small Theater and Music: From the Bakufu to several workshops will be organized John Fairbank, the present Director selection of Nishiyama’s complete the Beggar. Chapter Nine considers in Japan and the Netherlands. The of the Oriental Institute, Dr Josef works. the widespread influence of Nö, project has been made possible by a Kolmas, expressed an interest in the Nishiyama’s most influential which is usually viewed in the limit­ generous grant of the NWO organi­ Fairbank book collection. In August work, his study of the iemoto system ed context of samurai cultural life. zation and various donations from 1994, sixty-one cartons of books and (Iemoto no kenkyu] appeared in 1959. Nishiyama however, shows the con­ the business community. ■ reference volumes were removed Iemoto is defined in Groemer’s glos­ siderable influence that Nó music from John Fairbank’s study in his sary as ‘a hierarchical system in and songs exerted on popular cul­ New Hampshire summerhouse, and which a real or nominal family head ture, and follows the process of adap­ transported to Prague. ■ (iemoto) passes on a ‘house art’ to dis­ tation of some No schools to the rap­ ciples who in turn may have their idly increasing numbers of students. own pupils’ (p. 272). The iemoto sys­ Chapter Ten continues on the theme tem as the central organizing princi­ of iemoto and performing arts, and For more information: For more information: ple of the life of Edo artisans and highlights the possibilities for up­ THE INSTITUTE FOR THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE merchants is an important element ward social mobility of musically THE HISTORY OF EUROPEAN Academy of Sciences of in all of Nishiyama’s writings. Other talented individuals. In Chapter EXPANSION, IGEER the Czech Republic recurrent themes are the adoption of Kyöka poet. From ‘Azumaburi Kj/öka Eleven the Kabuki theatre is consid­ History Department Pod vodarenskou vezi 4 elite traditions by the emerging class Bunko’(A Collection of Eastern-style ered in relation to annual events. It Leiden University 182 08 Praha 8 of townspeople and the cultural ex­ Kyöka). Drawings by Santo Kyöden also discusses the role of actors as in­ P.O. Box 9515 Czech Republic change between urban and rural (1/86). Tokyo Metropolitan Central stigators of new forms of fashion. 2300 RA Leiden Tel: + -2-66052492 areas. Nishiyama also led the ‘Edo Library. The final chapter examines various The Netherlands . Email: [email protected]

3 4 ’ IIAS newsletter T4?i4 • Autumn 1997 ASIAN ART

THE GATE FOUNDATION THE GATE FOUNDATION IS AN INTERNATIONAL ART Keizersgracht 613 FOUNDATION DEVOTED TO PROMOTING 1017 DS Amsterdam The Netherlands INTERCULTURAL EXCHANGE OF CONTEMPORARY ART. P.O. Box 814 THE GATE FOUNDATION AIMS TO STIMULATE g e 1000 av Amsterdam KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF S Tel: +31-20-620 80 57 Foundation Fax: +31-20-639 07 62 CONTEMPORARY ART AND ARTISTS, EMPHASIZING E-mail: [email protected] NON-WESTERN AND MIGRANT CULTURES. Website: http://www.base.nl/gate

Archaologie, Kunst und Philologie. Fur­ ■ By LORE SANDER thermore, every five years an Ernst- 1 | H | 1 1 rnst Waldschmidt’s Waldschmidt-Prize is bestowed on Ih mam interest was an excellent work by a young scholar - L y focused on the edi­ doing research in one of his fields. tion and reconstruction of texts from Sanskrit At this centenary exhibition, apart manuscripts collected by from examples of the original San­ the four Prussian expeditions (1902 - skrit manuscripts from different 1914) to Buddhist monasteries on the UNTIL 4 JANUARY 1998 Indo-Corinthian capital. Bodhisattva with Ascetes. finding places of the Northern Silk Northern Silk Route (Xinjiang). His BERLIN, GERMANY Gray slate. Gandhara 3rd century. Route, a selection of artefacts are also bibliography contains 137 items. They on display. These he purchased for or characterize him as a man of great presented to the Museum. Out­ learning and scholarly discipline. standing among the artefacts is a Ernst Waldschmidt 17th century, old ivory jewel casket Collecting for the Museum from South India with silver mount­ Serving in the navy in Kiel in the ing. It is decorated with tiny sitting First World War, the young volun­ and standing figures among creep­ teer became so fascinated by Indian (1897-1985) ers, and in the centre of the lid a god­ philosophy that after the war he dess. Among the exhibited sculp­ began to study philosophy with Paul tures, an Indo-Corinthian capital Deussen and Sanskrit languages from Gandhara deserves much at­ with Emil Sieg in Kiel. Later, An exhibition in memory of tention. It shows a Bodhisattva in Waldschmidt continued his studies the centre with two ascetics in ado­ in Berlin, where the direction of his ration emerging out of acanthus academic career was shaped by Hein­ his ioor(l birthday leaves. The two books on miniatures rich Liiders. Liiders was the head of of musical inspiration (ragamala) are the Turfan Commission, responsible illustrated by a selection of originals for the registration and publication from a series probably originating of the Sanskrit manuscripts from the from Basohli/Bilaspur (western Prussian finds. In the 1920s, Berlin Himalaya), and two from Bundi (Ra­ was the centre of Silk Route research. dian Art has to thank him and vate his students to fling them­ jasthan) and the Deccan respectively. The two leaders of the Prussian expe­ his journey for a valuable collec­ selves into editing Buddhist San­ Without doubt, the most outstand­ ditions, Albert Griinwedel and Al­ tion of excellent textiles, ivory, skrit texts from the Prussian ing piece is an Indo-Greek stucco fig­ bert von LeCoq, were still alive. In metal work and jade. finds and to help him to cata­ ure of a goddess holding a ring, 1921 Von LeCoq succeeded Griinwe­ Waldschmidt, who was already logue the manuscripts, a work probably the tutelary goddess of del to the directorship of the Indian curator, was offered the position which Lüders and his wife had children, Haritl. The masterpiece, Department of the Museum of Eth­ of head of the department, which already begun. Waldschmidt which is nearly life-size, belonged to nology (Berlin), from where the ex­ he occupied up to 1936. Besides kept close contact to those insti­ a hoard of stucco figures and heads, peditions had been undertaken. In his duties at the Museum, he tutions in Berlin housing the ex- parts of which could be bought by 1924 it was he who gladly acquiesced taught at the university since he z pedition finds, even maintaining the Indian Department of the Mu­ in Heinrich Liiders’ proposal that had obtained the venia legendi in s links across political borders. seum of Ethnology in 1930. Ernst they employ the young scholar Ernst 1930. He accepted the chair of In- I They were the Berlin Academy of Waldschmidt reported about the Waldschmidt, after he had gained dology offered him by the Uni­ < Sciences in the eastern part hoard in an article published 1932. his doctorate with a text edition on versity of Gottingen after the re­ 1 which held the collection of He was the first who referred to the the monastic rules for nuns from the tirement of his former teacher, 0 manuscripts, and the Museum relationship between these sculp­ Sanskrit manuscripts. Emil Sieg in 1936. 1 of Ethnology, the cradle of the tures and the stucco art of Hadda Waldschmidt devoted his attention i expeditions, in the western part and to realize the importance of the to questions about the arts with the Sanskrit manuscripts of the divided city. goddess with the ring for the same zeal as he continued to those of Waldschmidt’s most productive ERNST WALDSCHMIDT After his retirement in 1965, he con­ Gandharan art. After the end of the reconstructing texts from the newly period began after the war. He had (15 July 1897 - 25 February 1985), centrated on cataloguing the frag­ Second World War the statue was de­ found Sanskit manuscripts. As early been appointed executor of the post­ Indologist and Art Historian. mentary Sanskrit manuscripts from ported to the former USSR together as in 1925 he published an introduc­ humous works of Heinrich Liiders, the Prussian finds. Five of what are with other outstanding pieces of the tion into the art of the Northern Silk who had passed away in 1943. Ernst Waldschmidt was one now seven volumes of the catalogue Museum. In 1978/79 it was given to Route, Gandhara, Kutscha, Turfan. He Among his inherited duties was the of the leading Indologists of Sanskrithandschriften aus den Tuifan- East-Germany together with other continued the expediton reports responsibility for the Sanskrit man­ Germany after the Second funden appeared up to 1985. Most of objects from the Museum of Ethnol­ begun by Albert von LeCoq, Die Bud- uscripts, which arrived from their World War. Although living the fragments were identified by ogy and the ‘Antikensammlung’ in dhistische Spatantike in Mittelasieti. The deposit in the Berlin Academy of Sci­ most of his life in Gottingen him. At the same time his project for Berlin. The delicate figure packed in two last volumes he supplemented by ences during the war, most of them teaching at the university, a special dictionary of the Sanskrit a wooden box remained unpacked articles of fundamental importance mutilated. The re-organization was all his life he maintained manuscripts, Sanskrit-Wörterbucfi der under the roofs of the Grassi Mu­ for the interpretation and the chro­ a hard task. At the same time Wald­ close and friendly relations buddhtstischenTexte aits den Turfanjim- seum in Leipzig. After the re-unifica­ nology of the wall paintings from the schmidt continued his work on edi­ with the Museum of Indian den, was initiated by his successor in tion of Germany it was given back to Northern Silk Route. With the book tions of texts on the life of Buddha. Art in Berlin and the the chair, Dr Heinz Bechert. Beside the Museum of Indian Art in a very Die Legende vom Leben des Buddha he Between 1950 and 1962 he published Academy of Sciences where all his other activities, Waldschmidt lamentable condition. It took much made an important source accessible, editions of the Maftaparinirvdna, the his career had began. His returned to art studies. Two stan­ time to restore the figure which is not only to art historians but also to a Sutra on the last days of the Buddha wide-ranging knowledge is dard works on miniatures of musical exhibited now for the first time in greater public. Moreover, he worked Sakyamuni, the Catushpartshat, the reflected in contributions to inspiration from the Museum of In­ Berlin-Dahlem. ■ on Indian miniatures and on the re­ Sütra on the foundation of the Bud­ Indian history, editing dian Art, Ragamala - Pictures from the ligious history of Central Asia. dhist order, and Mahavadanasütra, inscriptions, and Indian art Western Himalaya and Ragamala - Pic­ From 1932 to 1934, accompanied by the Sütra on the lives of the seven history. tures from Northern India and the Dec­ his wife, as his assistant, he travelled former Buddhas. Arranging related Besides manuscripts, can, were the result of his and his wi­ by car throughout India, from Sri versions from Pali, Tibetan, and Chi­ photographs and articles fe’s joint efforts. THE MUSEUM OF INDIAN ART Lanka to the Khyber pass, from Oris­ nese sources synoptically with the connected to his scholarly In 1969 the Ernst Waldschmidt Lansstrasse 8 sa to Kathiawar. The journey, spon­ Sanskrit text, he introduced an ideal life, the current exhibition Foundation was established at the 14195 Berlin sored by the Baessler Foundation, form for editing the fragmentary will show artefacts which he ‘Stiftung Preufiischer Kulturbesitz’ Germany was undertaken to collect artefacts text tradition from the Silk Routes. collected especially for the in Berlin which bears the costs of the Tue - Fri 9:00 am to 5:00 pm; for the Museum. The Museum of In­ Waldschmidt knew how to moti- M useum o f Indian Art. series Monographien zur Indischen Sat - Sun 10:00 am to 5:00 pm

Autumn 1997 • iias newsletter n s 14 • 3 5 ASIAN ART

On 19 September 1997, Wang Du. ‘What is important is that Chinese artists nowadays have the the multimedia-exhibition opportunity to experiment with multimedia.’ ‘Soaps’ opened its doors in A search for new forms of art the Museum of Ethnology in In 1989 the exhibition China/- Avant-Garde took place in Beijing Rotterdam. The exhibition which meant an enormous victory over the official art in China. In the centres on contemporary same year the relative openness was terminated abruptly when the stu­ soap series from nine dent demonstrations were quelled in Tiananmen square. Wang Du who different countries, was actively involved was arrested and imprisoned for nearly a year. among which the Japanese Because he no longer can practise series ‘Oshin’ and the his profession as a modern artist in China, he emigrated to Paris in 1990. Chinese ‘Bianjibu de Gushi’. The time he had been imprisoned did not directly influence his work. The artists, Eduardo Padilha, ‘My experiences in prison did how­ ever give me the courage to contin­ Soheila Najand, Sikay Tang, ue, the things I wanted were no La Familie (1997] by Wary Du longer possible in China.’ The tran­ Dick Verdult, and Wang Du UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1997 sition to the West caused many ROTTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS changes. For example he recalls for were commissioned to the first time in his life he was able to visit all kinds of galleries to view visualize their ideas on the contemporary art. In 1994 he had his first exhibition in Paris. ‘At that time phenomena of the ‘soap Mass-Culture according to I did not sculpt but mainly created installations. At a later stage I chose opera’ as an exponent o f for sculptures again. I consider the sculptures I make at the moment to contemporary mass-culture. Wang Du be drawings. What I do is nothing more than copying images from Chinese artist Wang Du (’56), newspapers or magazines in a three- dimensional way. For me they be­ who has worked in Paris A t first sight ‘La Wang Du’s youth was coloured by ‘I hated the classic way of produc­ come sculptures only when they Familie’ does not the Cultural Revolution. He was ing art and searched for another propagate meaning. This meaning since 1990 created five L \ have a direct re­ born in 1956 in a mining area in the form. In my search I did not get any reveals itself when the particular lation with soaps, but Chinese province of Hubei. At the support from my teachers. One ag­ newspaper or magazine is placed sculptures titled ‘La Familie’. like soaps it forms a rec­ age of fifteen he was sent to the reed with the teaching methods or near the object.’ ‘La Familie’ and ognizable component of country by Mao to gain some revolu­ otherwise you had to leave the acad­ many of his other works are sculp­ The characters he has chosen our daily life. The sculptures as a tionary experience like many other emy.’ tures like this. Their meaning lies in group have a surrealistic look, but young people of his age. After a year He tried to contact kindred spirits their context. from newspapers and all the different parts are recogniza­ he returned to his birthplace and and was one of the founders of the 85 ble and realistic. The sculptures deal started working in a mine, just like Movement, also known as the New Influences magazines all constitute with problems in today’s society. T his father. From time to time he dis­ Wave Art Movement (1985-89). This Sources of inspiration include the construct my three-dimensional appeared into the nearest town to movement organized the first exhi­ English sculptor Henry Moore (1898- products of our sculptures by means of pictures visit some exhibitions. The few free bitions on Chinese contemporary art 1986), the France Dadaist artist Mar­ from various media. Through the hours he had, he spent mainly draw­ in different kinds of disciplines. cel Duchamp (1887-1968), and the contemporary society. sculptures I try to find out how we ing and painting. He had his first ex­ Many artists from various cities Swiss sculptor and painter Alberto form our daily lives.’ Wang Du con­ hibition (some watercolours among united to experiment with modern Giacometti (1901-1966). Although tinues: “‘La Familie” consists of a fa­ other things) when he was eighteen. and post-modern styles. Symposia Wang Du plays with the current be­ ■ By NINA SIMONE BAKKER ther, a mother, a son, a daughter, His passion for the arts did not win were organized by art critics and edi­ liefs about taste and aspects like al­ and a dog. The parents great support from his family, be­ tors of art magazines in order to ienation, he thinks Duchamp’s ideas want to change their cause according to his father the life stimulate the experiment. For the are no longer actual in his work. The lives. The father does this of an artist did not offer future pros­ artists it was a period of research. things he appreciates in Giacomet­ by choosing an artificial pects. ‘You could go a long way, as long as ti’s work are also present in the Chi­ head, that of Michael At twenty-four, Wang Du was ad­ you were not too radical. If art was nese stone statues from the 5th and Jackson. The mother mitted to the Academy of Fine Arts not a direct complaint against the 6th century. Like Giacometti’s sculp­ sadly realizes that her in Guangzhou. Generally speaking system, the Chinese authorities tures, they are characterized by tall once youthful body is the entrance examinations are diffi­ would approve.’ According to Wang and stylized figures, devoid of many changing to that of an old cult. ‘In fact, in order to be admitted Du, modern art in China is still details. Simplicity is important or as woman and she decides to an academy of arts, you already strongly influenced by the 1985 peri­ Wang Du himself says: ‘The idea be­ to have her breasts inflat­ had to master the technique at the od. Art in China which was produced hind these sculptures is more im­ ed to an enormous size by level of an artist, quite different shortly after 1989 is designated by portant than the actual representa­ plastic surgery. In con­ from the situation in Western acade­ Wang Du as somewhat ‘bored’, tion. They are reduced to their es­ trast, to their parents the children mies. Besides, a good knowledge of meaning that the bored attitude of sence.’ want to lead a different kind of life. Chinese art and cultural history is the artists with regard to art and life While on the subject of sources of The son chooses a sexless life. He expected. Because I could master is reflected in their work. ‘There inspiration: ‘Does Wang Du’s Chi­ thinks the cause of many problems drawing really well, I thought there were very few new impulses to be nese identity play a role in his work is the difference between the sexes. was not much more to learn in this found.' This period was followed by a or has his identity become more im­ He solves this in a very extreme way field. Therefore I chose to dedicate new direction, also referred to as portant because of his emigration to by having his genitals removed. The myself completely to sculpture.’ conceptual art. The result of this the West? ‘No’, says Wang Du. ‘This daughter distinguishes herself from could recently be viewed at the exhi­ does not play a role in my work. I es­ the rest of mankind by choosing an Although China has many differ­ bition ‘An Other Long March’ orga­ pecially avoid cultural differences by MUSEUM OF ETHNOLOGY extraterrestrial head in quest for ent art institutes offering different nized by the Stichting Fundament in using media that are present in ROTTERDAM some new ideas. She aspires a differ­ programmes, his education was a Breda (the Netherlands), in which nearly every culture.’ ■ Willemskade 25 ent way of thinking. To protect him­ mixture of Socialistic Realism in­ some of Wang Du’s friends partici­ 3016 DM Rotterdam self against pollution the dog wears spired by Russia and Western forms pated. 'An exhibition like this could The Netherlands a gas mask. He does not have any no­ of art. At the same time he practised not possibly be held in China, be­ Tel:+31-10-41 I 1055 tion of the problems surrounding traditional Chinese painting. Wang cause this is unofficial art.’ The fact Fax: +3 1-10-41 18331 him, but by imitating human be­ Du refers to traditional Chinese that this new conceptual art form Daily 10am - 5pm, ings he acquires human characteris­ painting and the Revolutionary Real­ does resemble its Western variant, Sun. and public holidays I lam - 5pm tics.’ ism introduced by Mao as classic art. does not really matter according to

3 6 ■ HAS NEWSLETTER N5 14 • Autumn 1997 ASIAN ART

The exhibition‘Cities on the 26 NOVEMBER 1997 ► 18 JANUARY 1998 VIENNA, AUSTRIA Move’ focuses on a number

o f Asian cities. More than seventy artists provide a clear Cities on the Move: view o f the state of the urban life and city in Asia. The Contemporary Asian Art interaction between artists,

architects, writers, and film

makers will be shown in

multi-media installations, n 1897, a group of progressive artists, films, photos, maquettes, consisting of Gustav Klimt, Josef Hoffmann, and plans. Joseph M. Olbrich, Kolo Moser, and Carl Moser, founded the Association of Austrian Visual Artists-Vienna Secession. Their aim was to find new forms of aesthetic expression that would re­ flect modern life. For this reason they categorically rejected the pre­ vailing taste for Eclectic Historicism in Vienna and in particular the more conservative Kiinstlerhaus. As we approach the turn of the century, major capitals in Asia are undergoing dramatic changes. Their economic, social, political, and cul­ tural lives are developing at an ex­ traordinary pace. In the process of globalization, the East and the West are approaching each other with un­ precedented rapidity. This is one of the main reasons why the Vienna se­ cession decided to celebrate their centenary with an exhibition that Kong, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Mani­ ogies. This new model is caught in a Bul Lee, Sorry for suffering - You will later go on tour to several inter­ la, Osaka, Beijing, Seoul, Shanghai, permanent process of transforma­ think I’m a puppy on a picnic? national institutions of contempo­ Shen Zhen, Singapore, and Tokyo. tion. Their transformation under­ 151510,12-day performance, Tokyo, rary art and architecture. More than seventy artists from these mines all the established cliches and Japan. Wiener Secession. W an$ Du, Reliques. The exhibition ‘Cities on the Asian capitals provide a clear view of fetishisms of fixed identity, so that Installation 19514. Move’ focuses on the key cities: the state of the urban life and city in these cities are evolving into new Wiener Secession. Bangkok, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Hong Asia. The interaction between art­ landmarks in the Asian landscape of today. modernity can be elaborated and in­ vented. Urban explosion Various artists, architects, urban Artist Itsuko Hasegwa (Tokyo) planners, film makers, and intellec­ critically describes the urban diffu­ tuals from Asia have been contribut­ sion and density of the improvised ing inventively to the formation of cities in his work that consist of such new urban visions. They repre­ cardboard constructions, that pile sent a raising force in the restructur­ up in the shadow of skyscrapers. ing of the global urban/cultural Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas states order. Now they have the opportuni­ his conviction in his book S, M, L, XL ty to show the Western world their (1996) that the new city no longer has visions on the new urban life, urban a centre, making ‘suburbs’ non-ex­ city, and media. isting and, as a consequence, every­ thing becomes city and belongs to Tensions the city.' He mentions a new perva­ Nobuyoshi Araki (Tokyo), Wang siveness that includes landscape, Du (Guangzhou/Paris), Chen Zhen park, industry, rust belt, parking lot, (Shanghai/Paris), Rikrit Tiravanija housing tract, single family house, (Bangkok/New York), Takeshi Kita­ desert, airport, beach, river, even no (Tokyo), and Feng Mengbo (Beij­ downtown. Post-urban cities are hy­ ing) are some of the participants of brid. the exhibition. The artists critically The contemporary arts in Asian describe that such growth is also ac­ metropolises not only demonstrate companied by tensions in Asian the sensitivitiy of the megapolises to urban life, tensions between con­ the social shifts, but also contribute struction and deconstruction, be­ critically to the process of the forma­ tween the need for urbanization and ists, architects, writers, and film tion of this new modernity. looming ecological problems, be­ makers will be shown in multi- The urban explosion in Asia is tween globalization and regional media installations, films, photos, generating a great number of new specificity, between capitalism and maquettes, and plans. A major con­ Global Cities. These new global cities humanity. ‘Cities on the move’ is tribution to the exhibition is the co­ represent the birth of new economic, their statement that in the process of WIENER SECESSION operation of the architects Rem cultural, and even political powers global mutation the improvisational FriedrichstraBe 12 Koolhaas (Rotterdam] and Kenneth which are bringing about new vi­ city has to become a space for perma­ A-1010 Vienna Yeang (Kuala Lumpur). sions in the coming century. With nent efforts of de-identification and Austria The modern Asian capitals are on their specific legacies, they become re-identification. Tel:+43-1-5875307 the move and open to all kinds of new and original spaces in which The exhibition is curated by Hou Fax: +43-1-5875307-34 cultural influences and new technol­ new visions and understandings of Hanrou and Hans-Ulrich Obrist. ■

Summer 1997 - iias newsletter n s 14 • 3 7 ASIAN ART

GREAT BRITAIN I November 1997 — I February 1998 Galerie Nationale du Jeu Sikhs and the Art o f the Punjab de Paume Exhibition in association with the Asian I, Place de la Concorde, 75001 Paris Museum of East asian Art Art Museum of San Francisco. Tel:+33-1-47031250 12 bennett Street, Bath BA I 2QL Tel:+44-1225-464640 Until 22 February 1998 13 November 1997 - 4 January 1998 Dazzle and Dare: Lee Ufan: sculptures and paintings From 3 September 1997 Japanese Kinono in the Taisho Style Twenty-six paintings and five sculptures Myths, Stories and Riddles in Chinese and by Korean-born artist Lee Ufan Japanese Art Until 29 March 1998 AGENDA Colours o f India Fitzwilliam Museum Costumes and Textiles of Pakistan GERMANY Octagon Gallery,Trumpington Street Cambridge CBI IRD The Museum of Modern Art Bröhan Museum Tel:+44-1133-332906 Oxford NOVEMBER 1997 FEBRUARY 1998 Schlossstrasse la, 14059 Berlin Tue - Sat I Oam - 5pm, 30 Pembroke Street, Oxford OX I I BP Tel:+49-30-3214029 Sun 2.15pm - 5pm, closed Monday Tel:+44-1865-722733 Tue-Sun IO am -6pm ;T hu I0am-8pm, Fax:+44-1865-722573 20 January 1998- 5 April 1998 Please refer to the HAS Newsletter closed Monday The Lost Century:Japanese Porcelain from website (http://iias.leidenuniv.nl/) for 23 November 1997 - 15 March 1998 Arita 1720-1820 more detailed information about Until 26 April 1998 Yoko Ono: Have you seen the horizon lately? museums with Asian art collections. Japonismus Exhibition focusing on the influence of British Museum / East Asian art on Art Nouveau. The Museum of Mankind INDONESIA AUSTRIA Great Russel Street, London WCIB 3DG Museum of East Asian Art Tel:+44-1 71-6361555 Cemeti Gallery,Yogyakarta Wiener Secession Takustrasse 40, 14195 Berlin (Dahlem) Fax:+44-171-3238480 Jalan Ngadisuryan 7a, Yogyakarta 55133 Daily I Oam - 5pm, Sun. 2.30pm - 6pm FriedrichstraBe 12, A-10 10 Vienna Tel:+49-30-8301383 Tel:+62-274-371015 Tel:+43-1-5875307 Fax:+49-30-8316384 Fax:+62-274-371015 16 September - 7 December 1997 Fax: +43-1-58 75307-34 Until 30 November 1997 From Persepolis to the Punjab Coins and Until 30 December 1997 the Exploration o f the East 26 N ovem ber - 18 January 1998 m Inrö - Multi Sectional Japanese Medicine O kyArf Cities on the move; Contemporary Asian Boxes from a Private Collection Until 31 December 1997 Art on the turn of the 2 1 st century. Inrö are perfect examples of the Stairways to the Sky JAPAN (See article page 37) Japanese craftmanship of lacquerware, wood-, bamboo- and ivory carving. Rice and Life in the Phillippines. Some eighty inrö of the 18th and 19th (Museum of Mankind) SetagayaArt Museum AUSTRALIA century from a Germ an collection will 1-2, Kinuta-koen, Setagaya-ku,Tokyo 157 be displayed. Until 3 I December 1997 Tel:+81-3-34156011 Queensland Art Gallery Pottery in the Making Fax:+81-3-34156413 World Ceramic Traditions. Queensland Cultural Centre Until 4 January 1998 (Museum of Mankind) South Bank, South Brisbane Kimono 6 September - 30 November 1997 The beauty of Japanese textile design P.0. Box 3686 Reading paintings Until 31 December 1997 Brisbane, Queensland 4101 in the pictures of the floating world. Exhibition of paintings that need Striking tents Tel:+61-7-38407333 reading and interpreting. I***! Central Asian Nomad felts from Fax:+61-7-38448865 Museum of Indian Art Kyrgyzstan. (Museum of Mankind) Daily I Oam - 5pm Lansstrasse 8, D -I4 I9 5 Berlin 29 October - 7 December 1997 Tel:+49-30-8301 361 ToshioYodoi: Modern Japanese sculpture. 25 September 1997 - 4 January 1998 I I October - I February 1998 Costume o f a dzrv)is\. Uzbekistan, Fax:+49-30-8316 384 Ogawa Toshu Recent International Photgraphy 19th century. Handwoven cotton, Daily 9am-5pm, Sat/Sun. 10am-5pm Modern Japanese calligraphy KOREA from the Collection embroidered. Collection Russian The Gallery’s international photography Ethnographical Museum. From Until 4 January 1998 ErnstWaldschmidt (1897-1985),A Life 6 December - February 1998 collection will be the focus of this exhi­ the exhibition ‘Music Jor the Eyes’ in Kwangju Biennale Modern Chinese Calligraphy bition, which will feature many w orks the Hessenhuis, Antwerp, Belgium. for Indian Philosophy and Art History Information by artists from the Asia-Pacific region. (See article page 35) San 151-10, Yongbong-dong, Puk-gu 23 January - 12 April 1998 Kwangju 500-070 22 November 1997 - 28 March 1998 Islamic and Indian Paintings and Drawings Tel:+82-62-5214627 from the Collection o f Prince Sadruddin BELGIUM Music for the Eyes:Textiles from the Fax:+82-62-5214626 Peoples o f Central Asia. Ago Khan. E-mail: [email protected] is msm Internet: http://www.kwangjubiennale.org Ethnographic Museum gfggMggsg Until end 1999 Suikerrui 19, 2000 Antwerp ROYAL MUSEUMS OF ART & Arts o f Korea Tel: +32-3-2208600 HISTORY * BRUSSELS Until 27 November 1997 An overview of Korean art and Fax:+32-3-2270871 The Kwangju Biennale m archeology, ranging from the Neolithic E-mail: Chinese Pavilion / IléfiiM iËëË period to the 19th century. [email protected] Japanese Pagoda The exhibition is a forerunner of THE NETHERLANDS Daily I Oam - 5 pm, closed on Mondays Van Praetlaan 44, 1020 Brussels the Museum’s new permanent Korean Closed on 25, 26 December and Tel:+32-2-2681608 Gallery scheduled to open in 2000. Daily: I Oam - 5pm, closed on Mon. mm Foundation for Indian Artists I, 2 January. Fokke Simonszstraat 10 22 November 1997 — 28 March 1998 Until 4 January 1998 Jewel casket. Ivoty on wood. Douth 10 1 7TG Amsterdam t h Under the Spell of the Shaman: Samurai India, 17 century. From the Tel:+31-20-6231547 Shamanism in Tuva and the Altai Region. Exhibition in the Japanese pagoda I exhibition ‘Ernst Waldschmidt’, Fax:+31-20-6231547 featuring Samurai swords, Museum o f Indian Art, Berlin. Daily I pm - 6pm, closed on Monday, Hessenhuis 1st Sunday of the month 2pm - 5pm Falconrui 53, 2000 Antwerp Museum of East Asian Art CHINA Universitatstrasse 100,50674 Cologne 15 November - 20 December 1997 Tel: +32-3-2060350 Tel:+49-221-9405180 Fax: +32-3-2060370 Madhviparekh E-mail: [email protected] Red Gate Gallery Fax:+49-221-407290 Internet Level 3, China World Hotel Rijksmuseum http://www.DMA.be/cultuur/hessenhuis I Jianguomen Wai, Peking 100600 24 September — 7 December 1997 Hobbemastraat 19, PO Box 74888 Masterpieces o f Japanese Coloured Daily I Oam - 5 pm, dosed on Monday Tel:+86-10-65322286 1070 DN Amsterdam Closed on 25, 26 Dec, I and 2 Jan. Fax:+86-10-5324804 Woodblock Prints: Tel:+31-20-6732121 Daily 12 - 6pm The Otto Riese-Collection presents Fax:+31-20-6798146 one of the most important European Daily 10am - 5pm 22 November - 10 December 1997 private collections of Japanese w M 'K t Su Xinping in conjunction with woodblock prints on loan. Until 23 June 1998 Contemporary Chinese Art The Chinese porcelain collection o f Stadtische Kunsthalle the Rijksmuseum Mo/tkestrosse 9, 68165 Mannheim Large collection of Kangxi poreceiain, FRANCE Tel:+49-621-2936413 Yonghzeng porcelain and Chine de Fax:+49-621-2936412 Painting o f one o f the Kings o f the Com m ande Musée Cernuschi Daily I Oam - 5 pm, Thu 12 p m - 5 p m , Four Directions, used as guardians at Avenue Vélasquez 7, 75008 Paris closed Monday the entrance to Buddhist temples. Tropenmuseum Tel:+33-1-45635075 Choson Dynasty, late 18th- 19th Linaeusstraat 2, 1092 CK Amsterdam Fax: +33-1-45637816 22 November 1997 - 25 January 1998 century AD. From the exhibition Arts Tel:+31-20-5688418 :-*-*&* . o f Korea, British Museum. - / . Daily I0am-5.40pm, Isamu Wakabayashi Fax:+31-20-5688331 closed Monday and public holidays Works by the Japanese sculptor who Victoria & Albert Museum Model o f a Kyrqizyurt. w th century. acquired international fame following Until 25 January 1998 South Kensington, London SW 7 2RL Wood, reed, ana felt. Collection 26 September 1997 - 4 January 1998 his participation in the Venice Biennales Kali: Monster and Mother: Contemporary Tel:+44-171-9388500 Russian Ethnographical Museum. Chinese Jades from the San Francisco of 1980 and 1982. His sculpures are depiction o f an Indian goddess Fax:+44-171-9388264 From the exhibition ‘Music jor the Asian Arts Museum characterized by a radical simplification Exhibition related to 50 years Daily 10am-5.50pm, Mon, 12-5.50pm Eyes’ in the Hessenhuis, Antwerp, Jades from the Avery Brundage of forms. indepence of India.The exhibition Belgium. collection shows traditional art-works dedicated Until January 1998 to the G odess Kali and art-w orks by 6 March 1998 - 22 June 1998 Memorial Korean Display the following artists: Gogi Saroj Pal, New Korean acquisitions in the Korea Henri Cernuschi (1821-1896): Shambhavi, Mona Rai.Jay Ganguly and traveller and collector Gallery Madvi Parekh.

3 8 • 1IAS NEWSLETTER NS 14 • Autumn I997 ASIAN ART

Metalwork and Ceramics Museum of Ethnology Singapore Art Museum from Ancient Iran Steenstraat 1,2312 BS Leiden 7 / Bros Basah Road. Singapore 189555 Sculpture of South and Southeast Asia Tel: +31-71-5168800 Fax:+65-2247919 Luxury Arts o f the Silk Route Empires Fax: + 31-71-5128437 Tuesday to Friday I Oam — 5pm, SatJSun. Until 16 November 1997 Until 31 December 1997 12 - 5pm closed on Mon. The Liu Kang Exhibition Puja: Expressions of Hindu Devotion Fifty works spanning the career of From 5 April 1997 26 Septem ber 1997 - 3 August 1998 Singaporean artist Liu Kang. Khmer Ceramics Into Tibet with Tintin Eighty rare glazed ceramics from Exhibition, based on Tintin in Tibet Until 7 January 1998 the 9th-14th century Khmer empire. (I960). Original drawings of Hergé Tryst with Destiny: alongside objects from the collection Art in Independent India. Until February 1998 of the Rijksmuseum are presented. The Jewel and the Rose: Art for Shah-Jahan SWITZERLAND Museum of Ethnology Twenty paintings, textiles and objects, Rotterdam a sampling of the artistic splendor Willemskade 25,3016 DM Rotterdam Barbier-Mueller Museum created during the reign of Sha-Jahan. Tel:+31-10-4111055 10 Rue Calvin, 1204 Geneva Fax:+ 31-10 -4 118331 Tel:+41-22-3120270 14 Decem ber - 8 March 1998 Daily I Oam - 5pm, Sun. and public Fax:+41-22-3120190 Twelve Centuries o f Japanese Art holidays I lam - 5pm Daily I Oam - 5pm Unprecendented exhibition of Japanese art from the collections of Until 31 December 1998 Until 15 April 1998 the Emperor of Japan and the Imperial Soaps Ritual Arts o f Oceania: New Ireland Household Agency Multimedia-exhibition centring on nine The small Melanesian island contemporary soapseries from nine New Ireland is famous for its Freer Gallery of Art different countries. (See article page 36). polychromatic openwork wooden Smithsonian Institute 'malagan' sculpture.The artform struck 1000 Jefferson Drive at 12th street SW Until the end of 1999 the very first Western travelers and Washington DC 20560 Mode in the Pacific later captivated the Surrealists. Tel:+ 1-202-3572104 Top items from the internationally Fax:+1-202-3574911 renowned Oceania collection of Rietberg Museum Daily 10am - 5.30pm the museum. Gablerstrasse 15, CH-8002 Zurich Tel:+41-1-2024528 L I From I March 1997 Kunsthal Fax:+41-1-2025201 Korean Ceramics Westzeedijk 341,3015 AA Rotterdam Daily I Oam - 5pm, closed on Mon. Portrait o f Korean wrestling (ssiruml from an album ofgenre paintings after Thirty works from the Three Kingdoms Tel:+31 10 4400321 Kim Hong-do. Choson Dynasty, 19th century AD. From the exhibition Am o f period (1 s t- 7th century) to Fax:+ 31 10 4367152 Until 8 February 1998 Korea, British Museum. the Choson period (1392-1910). Nainsukh o f Guler: 6 December - I March 1998 Nainsukh (delight of the Eye) was From I March 1997 India's most appraised painter of W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp,The First Dutch an imperial manuscript of 17th century Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Ancient Pottery and Bronze in China artist on Bali the 18th century. His new pahari style India that chronicles the first decade of 2800 Grove Avenue influenced the art of the entire the reign of Mughal dynasty Emperor Until I February 1998 Richmond,VA 23221-2466 mountain region of Northern India. Shahjahan builder of the Taj Mahal. Chinese Gardens in the Painter’s NEW ZEALAND Tel: +1 804-3670844 For the first time ever excerpts of his Imagination oeuvre will be presented. Honolulu Academy of Arts Fax:+1-804-3679393 Daily I lam - 5pm, Sun. I pm - 5pm, Govett-Brewster Art Gallery 900 S.Beretania Street From 2 August 1997 closed on Monday Queen Street, New Plymouth 23 November 1997 - 8 February 1998 Honolulu, HI 96814-1495 The Evolution o f Chinese Celadon Until 4 January 1998 Tel:+64-6-7585149 Indian painting from Rajasthan Tel:+ 1-808-532 8700 God, Hero and Lover: Representations Fax: +64-6-7580390 attn. Gill Winter The most magnificent paintings from Fax: + 1-808-5328 787 From 20 September 1997 o f Krisna in Indian Painting Daily 10.30 - 5pm the collection of the Maharaja of Kota. Japanese Art in the Meiji Period Continuing exhibition Peabody Museum of Salem From October 1997 Taish0 chic Until I July 1998 UNITED STATES E India Square, Salem, MA 01970 Artists in Residence. Yuk King Tan Japanese works of art and everyday Crosscurrents in Chinese and OF AMERICA Tel: +1 508 7451876/9500 and Callum Morton items which show modern design Islamic Ceramics Fax: + I 508 744 6776 elements of theTaisho period Daily 10am-5pm, Sun 12 — 5pm Arthur M. Sackler Museum (1912-1926). Until 7 July 1998 PORTUGAL 2 Quincy Street, Cambridge, MA 02 / 38 Choice Spirits Until 14 September 1997 Tel:+ 1-61 7-4952397 Until 21 January 1998 Views o f the Pearl River Delta: Museum of Ethnology Fax: + 1-617-4964732 Hiroshige Tokaido: Steps on a modern Continuing indefinitely Macau, Canton and Hong Kong Avenida llha da Madeira-ao Restelo Daily: 10am-5pm, dosed on Sunday pilgrimage. A Tribute to Ando Hiroshige Seto and Mino Ceramics: Drawings from the collections of 1400 Lisboa (1797-1858). An invitation to Tea the Peabody Essex Museum and Tel: +351-1-301526415 Until 14 September 1997 the Hong Kong Museum of Art. Fax: +351-1-3013994 Rocks, Mountains, Landscapes, and Gar­ The Asia Society Daily 10.30am - 6pm, closed on Mon. dens: The Essence o f East Asian Painting 725 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10 0 2 1 Asian Art Museum of San Tel:+ 1-212-2886400 Francisco From May 1997 The Art Institute of Chicago Fax: +1-212-5 178319 Golden Gate Park, San Francisco Stories of Goa Michigan Av. & Adams Street Daily I lam - 6pm,Thursday 6pm - 8pm, California 94118 Anthropological exhibition about Chicago, IL 60603 Sunday 12-5 pm. Goa (India) as a cultural area in Tel:+ 1-312-4433600 Tel:+ 1-415-3798800 Fax: + 1-415-6688928 which Christianism and Hinduism Fax:+1-31-2-4430849 Until 4 January 1998 are superposed. Mandala: the architecture of enlightment 22 O ctober 1997 - 25 January 1998 2 August - 26 O ctober 1997 Over fity mandalas drawn from the Paintings by Masami Teraoka A collecting Odyssey traditions ofTibet, Nepal, China, Japan, SINGAPORE Forty recent paintings by Indian, Himalayan and southeast Asian Bhutan, and Indonesia Art from the James and Marilyn Alsdorf contemporary Japanese artists Masami Teraoka. Asian Civilisations Museum Collection. Until 3 May 1998 39 Armenian Street, Singapore 179939 The Art Agenda is produced Ancient cities o f the Indus Valley Seattle Asian Art Museum Denver Art Museum Eighty objects from Indus Vally / 400 E. Prospect Street, Volunteer Park by The Gate Foundation From November 1997 100 W 14th Avenue, PKWY civilization that flourished between Seattle WA 98122-9700 Calligraphy from the Tareq Rajab Museum Denver C080204 3000 and 1500 BCE in the area that is in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Tel: +1 206 625-8900 Kuwait Tel:+ 1-303-6402295 now Pakistan. Please send all information Fax: + 1-303-640562 7 Fax: +1 206 654 31 35 with regard to activities The National Museum China Institute Perm anent display: 6 1 Stamford Road, #02-0 I Stamford Until 14 December 1997 125 East 65 Street and events relating Arts o f Korea Court, Singapore I 78892 Tribal Metalwork o f Eastern India New York, NY 10021-7088 to Asian art to: Tel: +65-3309552 Objects for the Home, Shrine and Tel:+ 1-212-7448181 Seattle Art Museum Fax: +65-3309568 Bazaar Fax: + 1-212-6284159 Daily: 9am - 5.30pm 100 University Street Seattle WA 98122-9700 Kimbell Art Museum From October 1997 THE GATE FOUNDATION Tel: +I-206-62S8900 From January 1997 333 Camp Bowie Boulevard Kilns and Collections: Fax:+ 1-206-6543135 KEIZERSGRACHT 6 I 3 Jade Gallery Forth Worth,Texas 7 6 107-2792 A tour of China for connoisseurs This Gallery houses the Haw Par Jade Tel: +1 817 3328451 Tues. - Sat I lam - 5pm; 1017 DS AMSTERDAM Collection comprising decorative Fax: + 1-817-8771264 The Metropolitan Museum Thurs. I lam - 9pm; Sun. 12 - 5pm carvings from the Qing Dynasty Tues.-Thurs. I Oam - 5pm, Fri. l2-8pm, of Art Until 23 November 1997 THE NETHERLANDS (1644-191 I). Sat. I Oam-Spm, Sun. 12-5pm 5th Avenue at 82nd Street Kumi Yamashita New York NY 10028 TEL: +3 I -20-6208057 Until 5 April 1998 7 December 1997 - I March 1998 Tel:+ 1-212-8795500 Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Myths and Legends: Popular myths For the Imperial Court Qing Porcelain Fax: + 1-212-5703879 FAX: +31-20-6390762 and legends of the region. from the Percival David Foundation o f Smitsonian Institute 1050 Independence Avenue SW Chinese Art From 22 May 1997 E-MAIL: [email protected] Washington DC 20560 Chinese Galleries Reinstallation WEBSITE: 3 I May - 23 August 1998 Tel:+1-202-3574880 Fax: + 1-202-3574911 King o f the world: A Mughal Manuscript http://www.base.nl/gate from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle. Forty-four paintings and two Continuing indefinitely illuminations from the Padshahnama, The Arts o f China

Autumn 1997 • has newsletter W14 • 3 9 INDEX MAS NEWSLETTER 14

(Southeast Asia) (ESF Asia Committee News) - Missionary Effects in Indonesia...... 22 - ESF Asia Committee Workshops in 1998...... 48 s - Writing a General History of the Philippines...... 23 (ICAS News) (Genera! News) (East Asia) - Update ICAS: International Convention of Asia Scholars .. 50 - Bringing the Communities Together. - The International Relations ofQiaoxiang...... 29 What more can be done?...... 3 - A Historiography of Qing Scholarship...... 32 - International Conference Agenda...... 54 - Improving the Europe-Asia Relationship:...... 4 - Confucius’ Value System...... 32 - Chinese Transnational Enterprises in South China...... 33 (South Asia) - The Impact ofWWII in a Colonial Context...... 16 (IIAS News) PUBLICATIONS - Changing Labour Relations in A sia...... 44 (SoutheastAsia) - Progress Report: QiaoxiangTies Programme...... 45 - Globalization and Ethnic Identity in Indonesia...... 21 - Progress report PAATI: Performing Arts in Asia Project ... 45 (General News) - V.S. Naipaul’s New Islamic Travelogue...... 11 (East Asia) - Jews in China...... 28 (Central Asia) REPORTS - A New Mongolian-English Dictionary...... 13 (South Asia) PEOPLE (General News) - New Publications...... 16 - The Sixth International Conference of the World History Association...... 7 (Southeast Asia) (Genera! News) - The Relationship between Oral Traditions - New Publications...... 22 - InMemoriamProf. J.D. Pearson 2922-2997...... 7 and the Visual A rts...... 8 - Moussons...... 27 - The XVth Triennial Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association...... 9 (East Asia) - New Publications...... 31 INSTITUTIONAL NEWS (Central Asia) - Edo Culture...... -...... 34 - Forgeries of Dunhuang Manuscripts...... 14 - Newsletters on Asia in Europe...... 56 (General News) (South Asia) - PEARL Programme - New Military History of South Asia...... t8 How to link Academia to the ASEM Process? ...... 5 - Ladakh Studies Colloquium...... 29 - Asian Studies in Mexico...... 5 I ASIAN ART - Asia Pacific Culture & Architecture Design Award...... 6 (Southeast Asia) - Engender...... 10 - Social Security and Social Policy in Java...... 24 - The Tenth Annual Java Workshpp...... 24 - Exhibition in Memory of Ernst Waldschmidt...... 35 (Central Asia) - Transformation of Houses and Settlements - Mass Culture according to Wang D u...... 36 - Tungusic and Altaic Studies in St. Petersburg...... 12 in Western Indonesia...... 25 - Cities on the Move: Contemporary Asian Art...... ^37 ; - The Third Euroviet Conference...... 26 (South Asia) ~ Southeast Asia and Portugal...... 27 - Reconfiguring Nepal Studies...... 17 - CNAS: Introducing Nepal to the World Academia...... 17 (East Asia) SHORT NEWS - Indian Political Intelligence Files Released for Research... 18 - Fifth International Conference on Japanese Information.. 28 - International Symposium on Modern Chinese Poetry — 32 (EastAsia) (General News) - Monbusho Fellowships for Japanese and Chinese Studies. 30 (EAJS News) - Archiv Orientali...... 7 - The Eighth Conference of the European Association (IIAS News) for Japanese Studies...... 49 (Southeast Asia) - IIAS-NIAS Strategic Alliance...... 41 - Manassa...... 21 - HAS Travel Grants for Asia Researchers...... 42 (NVAPS News) - Spieghel Historiael...... 22 - HAS Fellowships for Dutch Seniors...... 42 - Mobility in Asia and the Pacific...... 51 - IIAS Subsidy...... 42 (EastAsia) - IIAS Memoranda of Understanding...... 42 - The John King Fairbank Library in Prague 34 - IIAS Staff...... 43 - Japan and the Netherlands...... 34 - HAS Fellows...... 43 CALL FOR PAPERS - Indonesian Minister of Education visits Leiden...... 44

(ESF Asia Committee News) (South Asia) VACANCIES - European Associations for Asian Studies...... 46 - 15th European Conference on Modern South Asia: - The ESF Asia Committee 1995-1997...... 46 the Bengal Studies panel...... 19 - The ESF Asia Committee 1998-2000: - Vacancies 52 proposed new arrangements...... 47 - ESF Asia Committee Fellows...... 48

(BASAS News) - The CSA-BASAS Prize for Young Scholars...... 49 (General News) (AAS News) - Law and Development in East and Southeast Asia...... 10 ! - AAS Update...... 50 - Labour Mobility and Migration in China and A sia...... 10 - Relations between Latin-America and A sia...... 11

(South Asia) - The History ofNorth Indian Music...... 16 RESEARCH PROJECTS LIST OF ADVERTISERS (Southeast Asia) (Genera! News) - The 11th Annual Java Workshop...... 24 - Time in Abul Fazl’s Historiography...... 6 - Heritage and Habitat...... 25 - Asian Rare Books...... 22 - Gert Jan Bestebreurtje Antiquarian Bookseller...... 23 (South Asia) (Asian Art) - Charbo’s Antiquariaat...... ti - Philosophy and Philology East and West (2): - Art Agenda...... 38 - Curzon Press...... 14 The Need and Basis for a Global Approach...... 15 - lnstitut fiir Asienkunde...... 48 - Texts and Hypertexts in Bengal...... 19 (IIAS News) - Kegan Paul Publishers...... 33 - Bengal Partition 1947...... 20 - HAS Agenda...... 42 - MMF...... 22 - Female Friendships in Bengali Fiction...... 20 - Products and Services...... 53

40 • IIAS NEWSLETTER N ?t4 • Autumn 1997 MAS NEWSLETTER 14

INSTITUTIONAL NEWS FROM: HAS P-4* / ESF Asia Committee M 6 / EAJS P-49

BASAS P 4 9 / ICAS P 50 / AAS p -5° / NVAPS P 5* / VACANCIES p 5* / PRODUCTS

Pink Pa$ & SERVICES P 53 / INT. CONFERENCE AGENDA p 54 / NEWSLETTERS P-56 I I A S NEWS

MAS MAIN OFFICE LEIDEN MAS BRANCH OFFICE AMSTERDAM International Visiting address: Telephone: +31-71-527 22 27 Spinhuis, rooms 214, 215, and 216 Institute Nonnensteeg 1-3, leid en Telefax: +31-71-527 41 62 Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185 Postal Address: E-mail: [email protected] 1012 DK Amsterdam, The Netherlands for Asian P.O. Box 9515 Newsletter contributions: Telephone: +31-20-525 36 57 2300 RA LEIDEN [email protected] T elefax: +31-20-525 36 58 THE NETHERLANDS WWW: http://iias.leidenuniv.nl E-mail: [email protected] Studies s*itute for

of the European Science Foundation when and if financial resources are pean centres of Asian Studies; b) an which was founded in 1994. It con­ made available for the purpose. The annual meeting of the directors of IIAS-NIAS sists of twenty representatives of long-term objective is to turn the in­ Asian studies centres in Asia and j leading institutes in the field of itially bilateral operation into a mul­ Europe; and the establishment of Asian Studies in Europe and there tilateral European-Asian undertak­ European co-ordination platforms are ten European countries partici­ ing. for research, education and collec- Strategic pating. The HAS and NIAS were in­ tions of Asia materials. volved from the beginning in the Projects and Actions Asia Committee. In the past three The alliance will develop high 3. Enhancing extra-academic linkages years the Asia Committee has exe­ quality, intercontinental and bor­ by: a) regular policy conferences in Alliance cuted a programme which consists der-transcending research with a the form of strategic conferences on of four components: (1} a post-docto­ strong focus on contemporary issues contemporary issues for academia, ral fellowship programme; (2) eight and create sustainable networks policy-makers, business, and the In the new world order that has emerged during the past dec­ to ten high-quality workshops per with Asian and other overseas re­ media and by an annual Asia Up­ ade, Asia has become an important global partner for Europe. year; (3) networking on a global search institutions. It will also date; b) setting up a unit for brief­ A more profound mutual understanding between the two basis; (4) dissemination of research- strengthen the links and communi­ ings and policy studies; c) mount­ continents is essential. Existing expertise on Asia in Europe related information on European cation between academic research ing a media and diplomacy fellow- j has to be improved and optimized to meet Europe's needs. Asian Studies. and non-academic institutions and ship programme. The required restructuring of Asian Studies in Europe could Due to varying degrees of commit­ I actors. The alliance will carry out a be met by combining individual strengths and efforts o f the ment from different countries, it number ofjoint projects to promote 4. The strengthening of communica­ HAS and the NIAS into a strategic alliance which can be joined seems at present difficult to develop the development and reorientation tion tools by the joint development later on by other European institutes in the field of Asian the ESF initiative into a more com­ of Asian Studies in Europe. The pro­ of Internet information resources. Studies. The alliance is not intended to result in a merger of prehensive undertaking. jects are addressing current weak­ the two institutes but to further the momentum and interac­ The idea for an IIAS-NIAS Strategic nesses in the field in Europe. The The alliance is by no means seen as tion that has grown in the past between the two institutes and Alliance flows naturally from the aim is to reinforce the research the final phase of a process but is to provide a framework within which greater co-operation can ESF Asia Committee's programme. structures on a national level for seen as the beginning of a new era of occur. The alliance implies the establishment o f a co-ordinat­ What may be difficult at a European both institutes and ultimately for all co-operation and development with ed framework for joint planning, for the pooling of resources level may be easier to achieve initial­ Europe, by establishing higher long-term ideas and projects, and in conducting various jointly organized projects, and for co­ ly at a bilateral level such as the pro­ scholarly standards in the main with the scope for a continuing ex- ordinated fund-raising on an international basis. posed alliance/confederation be­ areas of research. pansion that will enrich the Europe­ tween IIAS and NIAS. By pooling re­ Beyond Europe, the alliance will an and Asian academic worlds, allow he aim of the alli­ search and research- related activi­ facilitate enhanced interaction be­ Europe to meet the challenge of ■ By PAUL VAN DER VELDE H im ance is to con­ ties at the HAS and the NIAS, a plat­ tween scholars in Europe and Asia by Asia’s emergence as a powerful force, tribute to bring­ form will be created that can match extending projects within a broad and increase understanding and ing together the frag­ current centres of excellence at a few context. They will be carried out in mutually beneficial interactions be- j mented forces in the large institutions in the USA and close co-operation with leading re­ tween the two regions in the century field of Asian Studies in Australia. The two institutes will search institutions in different Asian to come. ■ Europe, so as to build up high-quali­ then have two complementary re­ countries. The objective is to make an ty, border-transcending research search environments; 30 full-time alliance serving as a gateway through with a stronger focus on contempo­ researchers and 75 short term guest which enhanced Europe-Asia aca­ rary issues. Equally important are fellows; ten large scientific pro­ demic co-operation can develop. the aims of creating sustainable net­ grammes run in co-operation with works with Asian and other overseas institutions in Asia; one of the Four types of action will be taken research institutions and scholars world’s largest Asian Studies confer­ to achieve the goals outlined above: and to strengthen the links and ence-programmes; and a newsletter communication between academic with a global circulation of 20,000 1. The building of strengthened re- research on Asia and non-academic copies. search-based expertise on Asia by: a) institutions and actors. The ultimate By combining the strengths of the the setting up of a NIAS-IIAS inter­ objective is to establish scholarly ex­ two institutes in initiating and national fellowship programme en­ cellence in central areas of research maintaining global networks, the abling the institutes to draw on and expertise on Asia, to the benefit different research environments in high-level international expertise of the two institutes’ national re­ Europe will be linked and European in selected fields; b) a Netherlands- search environments and the Euro­ research will be internationalized Nordic exchange fellowship pro­ pean Community at large. The ini­ through enhanced contacts with gramme and an alliance stipend tial duration of the alliance is five Asia, Australia and North America. programme which will reinforce years (1997-2001). The budget of the Furthermore, the two institutes will the scholarly relationship between j alliance is approximately NLG have large and extensive informa­ the Netherlands and the Nordic 1,200,000 annually, half of which tion channels, through newsletters, countries; c) the initiation of new should be provided by the Nether­ directories, databases, guides, and research programmes on Asia lands Ministry of Education, Culture the Internet. Due to a high priority which will have to develop in inter­ and Sciences and the other half by given to new information technolo­ continental research programmes the Nordic Council of Ministers. A gy, the HAS and NIAS are well-posi­ in network form; the sensitization This sum m ary is based on the report, definitive decision concerning the tioned to make use of the opportuni­ of European actors at all levels of so­ 'Strategic Alliance between allocation of the budget is anticipat­ ty to mobilize EU funding in this ciety to set up full-fledged Europe­ the International Institute/or Asian ed at the end of this year. field. Both institutes are well-equip­ an centres. Studies (Leiden/Amsterdam} and ped to start the process of a closer the Nordic Institute o f Asian Studies Research Policy linking of academia to other spheres 2. The building of networks for poli­ (Copenhagen)’, which has been drawn and background of society. They have enough knowl­ cy-formulation and broader co-op­ up by D r Robert Cribb, research director The aims described in the previous edge, experience and social compe­ eration in Europe, Asia, and other o f the NIAS, and Drs S. Kuypers, paragraph are also addressed at a Eu­ tence to expand services for non-aca­ parts of the world by: a) an annual deputy director o f the HAS. ropean level by the Asia Committee demic parties in different directions, meeting of directors of major Euro­

Autumn 1997 • i i a s n e w s l e t t e r Tsei4 • 4 1 I I AS NEWS IIAS (Travel] IIAS Fellowships Agenda

NOVEMBER 1 997 Grants for Asia for Dutch Researchers Seniors 1 997 ach year the HAS - Travel costs and costs of accom­ maximum of two 25,000.- are made available by the r H makes available a modation for Dutch scholars can Dutch seniors per HAS to finance the temporary re­ NOVEMBER J L ^ limited number of be made available only after the Lyear can apply for placement for teaching activities of a grants for outstanding person concerned has obtained this position of min. 4 senior at his/her home university. lp-21 (Dutch) scholars, in order partial funding from his/her in­ and max. 6 months each Applications need to be sent in be­ to do research abroad. stitute and when he/she does not at the HAS. A Dutch sen­ fore 15 February 1998, using the offi­ The Pace o f Life in Southeast The grants are given for a maxi­ qualify for other means of fund­ ior should have obtained a PhD de­ cial application forms only. ■ Asia and Pacific Asia mum of two months and should be ing (NWO/WOTRO). gree more than five years ago, and be (Leiden] used to cover the costs of accommo­ academically very productive. The Dr R. Cribb, Dr Vincent Houben, dation, travel and/or research. - Applicant has to be employed by stay at the HAS (not abroad!) can be Requests for these forms can be directed to: I1AS/NIAS a Dutch institute and/or be the used for further research. Candidates THE IIAS SECRETARIAT Conditions and Procedures: holder of a permanent Dutch resi­ work at the IIAS while their salary is Tel.:+3 1-71-527 22 27 DECEMBER - The stay abroad and the activities dence permit. continued by their home insti- Fax:+ 3 1-7 1-527 4 1 62 have to be compatible with the tute.Funds, to a maximum of NLG E-mail: [email protected] 18-20 aims and the activities of the HAS. - Standard application forms can be obtained from the HAS secretariat. History ofNorth Indian Music: - Objectives of the proposal will be i4th-zoth Centuries evaluated by the Board on the rec­ (Rotterdam, the Netherlands] ommendation of the Academic Memoranda of Organized by Rotterdam Committee. Conservatory and HAS. Contact: Dr Francoise Delvoye, - The requests for a grant have to be Dr Joep Bor supported by at least two mem­ Understanding (Rotterdam Conservatory] and bers of the Board and/or Academic For more information, please contact: Dr Emmie Nijenhuis Committee. The HAS will contact THE IIAS SECRETARIAT the (relevant) members of the Tel.: +31-71-527 22 27 Board and/or Academic Commit­ Fax:+3 I-7 1-527 4 1 62 (MoUs] 1 99& tee. E-mail: [email protected] he HAS signs Mem­ 4. Institut fiir Kultur und Geistes- JANUARY H U B i oranda of Under- geschichte Asiens der Österrei- —| T! JL standing (MoUs) chischen Akademie der Wissens­ 2 9 - 3 0 IIAS Subsidy U U with research institutes chaften, Vienna H f l in the field of Asia Studies Law and Development all over the world, in 5. The Institute of Oriental Studies in East and Southeast Asia order to stimulate further coopera­ (IOS) of the Russian Academy of HAS seminar convened by Dr C. Antons for Research tion in this field, and to improve the Sciences, Moscou (la Trobe University, Melbourne). mobility of scholars through the ex­ Contact the HAS. change of research fellows at a post- 6. Vietnam National University PhD level. The period of exchange can Hanoi (VNU), Hanoi FEBRUARY Projects vary from one to six months, in some cases 12 months, depending on the 7. The University Grants Commis­ relevant MoU. sion (UGC)/Ministry of Educa­ lease note: appli­ - In all relevant publications the tion, Islamabad Myanmar Culture and Society cant has to be em­ IIAS will be named as the subsidy Both parties commit themselves Conference (Bangkok, Thailand) ployed by a Dutch provider; to supporting these visiting ex­ 8. Shanghai Academy of Social Sci­ Three-day conference, institute and/or be the change fellows, by offering office fa­ ences (SASS), Shanghai IIAS/SOAS,Institute of Asian Studies, holder of a permanent - Requests for subsidies have to be cilities, and in some cases temporary Chulalongkorn University Dutch residence permit. sent to the HAS secretariat before housing and reimbursement of trav­ 9. l’Ecole Franchise d’Extreme-Ori- (Elisabeth Moore) 1 April 1998. el costs. ent (EFEO), Paris In order to be granted an HAS The latest MoU has been conclud­ FEBRUARY guaranteed subsidy, a project appli­ - As well as the application the HAS ed with the Korea Research Founda­ 10. Academia Sinicia/Program for cation should at least meet the fol­ requests a detailed budget, in tion based in Seoul. The HAS is look­ Southeast Asian Area Studies 2 3 - 2 8 lowing requirements: which is specified which part of ing forward to receive a young Kore­ (AS/PROSEA), Taiwan the said budget the HAS is asked an scholar soon. Identity, Locality and - The subsidy is meant to reinforce to finance; The IIAS also welcomes Dutch 11. Korea Research Foundation Globalization the infrastructure of Asia Studies scholars (or holders of a permanent (KRF), Seoul (India) in the Netherlands (attention is - If the application concerns a con­ residence permit in the Netherlands Conference organized by the IIAS, paid to national impact, the inter­ ference, seminar or like, a list of who are affiliated to/and or em­ In all cases the applicants are re­ Dr E.B. Locher-Scholten nationalization of Asia Studies, participants and a list of topics ployed by a Dutch research institute) quired to send in a curriculum vitae, ('University o f Utrecht), and the filling of present gaps in have to be handed in together at post-PhD level to apply for a visit­ an outline of the proposed research Prof A.K. Bagchi (CSSSC), the Netherlands); with the application. ■ ing exchange fellowship under the (i.e. work plan), a letter of recom­ and Dr J. van Goor following MoUs: mendation, and reasons for seeking (University of Utrecht) - In general the maximum possible placement at the other institute. in co-operation with subsidy per project amounts to 1. Nordic Institute for Asian Stud­ Selected candidates are supposed Dr R. Barman Chandra (ICSSR) Dfls. 15,000.-; ies (NIAS), Copenhagen to present a progress report to the re­ in New Delhi. ceiving institute before departure, - Other institutes besides the HAS 2. East-West Center in Hawai’i and to write a report for the sending JUNE also contribute to the project; (EWC), and the Research School institute. ■ of Pacific and Asian Studies of 25-28 -The HAS receives a final report Application forms and more information the Australian National Univer­ The HAS can provide you with more containing remarks about both fi­ can be obtained at: sity at Canberra (RSPAS-ANU) information. Please contact International Convention nancial matters and content; THE IIAS SECRETARIAT THE IIAS SECRETARIAT o f Asia Scholars, ICAS Tel.:+31-71-527 22 27 3. Division of Social Sciences and Tel.:+31-71-527 22 27 (Noordwtjkerhout, the Netherlands) - The applicant will hand in a re­ Fax:+31-71-527 41 62 Humanities, Indonesian Insti­ Fax:+3 I-7 1-527 4 1 62 IIAS/AAS/ESF Conference. port to the HAS Newsletter; E-mail: [email protected] tute ofSciences (LIPI), Jakarta E-mail: [email protected]

42. • IIAS news letter Tt? 14 • Autumn 1997 I I AS NEWS

STAFF RESEARCH FELLOWS AT THE HAS 15 AUGUSTUS 1997 15 NOVEMBER 1997 - 15 FEBRUARY 1998

The HAS is a post-doctoral institute One of the most important policies of the D r John Knight (Great Britain) The HAS has recently established the Dr Shoma Munshi jointly established by the Royal Nether­ HAS is to share scholarly expertise by D r Knight is specialized in Japan European Chair for Chinese Studies. Transnational Alchemy: images of the lands Academy of Arts and Sciences offering universities and other research Studies, and works on ‘A Social Prof. Fu Pei-jung (National Taiwan ‘modern woman’ in contemporary (KNAW), the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam institutes the opportunity to benefit from Anthropological Study of University) is the first professorial fellow South Asian contexts - specifically (VUA), the University of Amsterdam the knowledge of resident fellows. HAS Contemporary Japanese Forestry: in Chinese Studies, until September 1998, Indian advertising discourses’ (UvA), and Leiden University (RUL). fellows can be invited to lecture, commercial and environmental focusing on Chinese Philosophy and IS September - IS December 1997 The main objective of the HAS is to participate in seminars, cooperate on perspectives’, individual fellow. Religious Studies. encourage the pursuit of Asian Studies in research projects etc.The HAS is most Until I September 1999 5. AFFILIATED FELLOWS the Humanities and Social Sciences, willing to mediate in establishing contacts. Prof.Yaacob bin Harun POST-PHD LEVEL) nationally as well as internationally. Both national and international Dr Angela Schottenhammer (deputy director of the Academy of Malay The HAS can offer office facilities To achieve this end, the constituent integration of Asian Studies are a very (Germany) institutes have agreed upon the following Studies o f the University o f Malaya) has to fellows who have found their own activities, which were defined in the important objective. Dr Schottenhammer is working on the been appointed as the Chairholder of financial support and who would like Agreement on National Cooperation in topic ‘History of the Overseas Trade of Malay Studies, focusing on Malay society to do research in the Netherlands for Asian Studies signed by all parties in 1993. The HAS distinguishes between seven Quanzhou in the Chinese Province and culture. Prof.Yaacob bin Harun starts a particular period. 1. to set up and execute a post-doctoral categories of fellows: Fujian from the I Oth to the early 14th on I November 1997, initially until I March The HAS is host to the following programme for Dutch and foreign 1. research fellows centuries' as an individual fellow. 1998. affiliates: researchers; 2. senior visiting fellows Until 15 April 1998 The HAS has assisted in mediating 2. to organize international scientific 3. professorial fellows j between the University o f Ramkham- D r Ken W ells (Australia) gatherings; 4. visiting exchange fellows 2. SENIOR VISITING FELLOWS haeng,Thailand, and Leiden University to ‘Religion and Social Change in Korea 3. to act as a national centre for Asian 5. affiliated fellows POST-PHD, NO AGE LIMIT). establish a Chair of Thai Studies. Until in the 19th and 20th Centuries' Studies in order to improve 6. ESF fellows The HAS offers senior scholars the December 1996 D r Archara Pengpanich I September 1997 - I July 1998 international cooperation in the 7. Dutch seniors possibility to engage in research work in (associate professor at the University of European context; the Netherlands.The period can vary Ramkhamhaeng) offered courses in Thai Dr David Mearns (Australia) 4. to develop other activities in the field of More detailed information can be from I to 3 months.The HAS will be host language and culture at the universities 'Urban Space and Urban Communities Asian Studies, such as the publication of obtained via the HAS secretariat: to several senior visiting fellows in 1997 of both Amsterdam and Leiden. Her in Ambon and Melaka’ a newsletter and the establishment of a (071)527.22.27.As it is one of the policies as of 15 May: successor will soon be appointed. IS October 1997 - 15 November 1997 data base, which should contain up-to- of the HAS to stimulate (inter)national (preliminary) date information on current research in exchange, we will gladly mediate in D r James Collins (Malaysia, USA) the field of Asian Studies. establishing contacts and availability in ‘An Introduction to the Language 4. VISITING EXCHANGE FELLOWS Dr Paulo Visentini (Brazil) STAFF delivering lectures, organizing seminars, of Bacan’ POST-PHD LEVEL) 'International Relations in Asia’ Prof.W.A.L. Stokhof (Director) etc. 29 September 1997 - 3 1 October 1997 The HAS has signed several Memoranda I January 1998 - 28 February 1998 drs S.A.M. Kuypers (Deputy Director) of Understanding (MoU) with foreign drs P.G.E.I.J. van derVelde (Editor) Prof. Pawuludevage Prematilleke (Sri research institutes, thus providing Dr Thomas de Bruijn (The Netherlands) drs C.H.Yang-de W itte (Staff member) 1. RESEARCH FELLOWS Lanka) scholars with an opportunity to Editor o f‘Southeast Asian Archaeology drs I.D. Lasschuijt (Managing editor) (POST PHD, <40 YEARS) ‘Sri Lankan Antiquities in participate in international exchanges. 1996’ drs C.B.W.Veenkamp a. individual the Netherlands’ I September 1997 - 3 1 December 1997 (Management assistant) b. attached to a programme, i.e. I October 1 9 9 7 -3 1 December 1997 Dutch scholars can apply to be sent M.F. Langehenkel (Seminar organizer) - ‘Changing Lifestyles in Asia’ abroad to the MoU institutes of the HAS D r Alex deVoogt (The Netherlands) K. van Belle-Foesenek (Secretary) - ‘Cultural Traditions in Endangered Dr Karin Kapadia (UK), stationed at — see an announcement elsewhere in this ‘Differentiation-processes of Material J.A.H.Trel (Secretary) Minorities of South and Southeast Asia’ the HAS Branch Office Amsterdam Newsletter. A number of Dutch scholars culture in Asia: the case of Indonesian E. Haneveld (automation) - ‘International Social Organization in ‘Gender, Bonded Labour and Rural have been selected for visiting exchange mancala' C.Titahena (Database assistant) East and Southeast Asia: Qiaoxiang Ties Industry in South India’ fellowships at MoU institutes of the HAS. I October 1997 - I September 1999 dr M.A.F. Rutten in the Twentieth Century’) I October 1997 - I February 1997 (Coordinator Branch Office Amsterdam) - ‘Performing Arts in Asia: tradition and The Nordic Institute for Asian Studies Dr Kathinka Sinha-Kerkhoff drsA.M.P. van der Lint innovation; the expression of identity in DrTilak Sareen (India) (NIAS) in Copenhagen, the Shanghai (Asian development Research Institute, India) (Secretary Branch Office Amsterdam) a changing world’ ‘India and Japanese Occupation Academy of Social Sciences (SASS), Affiliated to the HAS for the duration - 'Changing Labour Relations in of Southeast Asia’ the Australian National University (ANU), of the WOTRO-sponsored project TEMPORARY STAFF Contemporary Asia’ (in collaboration IS October 1997 - IS January 1997 and the Universitat Wien regularly send ‘Globalization and the Construction drs A. Doek (WWW) with NIAS Copenhagen, ANU Canberra scholars to the Netherlands to do of Communal Identities' drs R. Habiboe (Magazine project) and IISH Amsterdam) Dr Beat Ringger (France) | research for a period from I to 6 months. until October 1999 drs H.l. Lasschuijt (special projects) ‘Kaibara Ekiken (1630-1714)’ Contacts with many other institutes dr F.G. Hoekstra (Asia Collection, WWW) They are attached to the International IS October 1997 - IS December 1997, promise to develop into a more regular 6. ESF FELLOWS dr. C.J.M.A. Smeets (project officer) Institute for Asian Studies for max. 3 March 1998 exchange in the near future. Selected by the Asia Committee of years, carrying out independent research The HAS is host to the following the European Science Foundation and fieldwork, and organizing an Dr Harbans Mukhia (India) scholars in the coming period: (ESF-AC) and attached to the HAS. BOARD international seminar once per year. Indian Mughals Prof. F. Htisken - Chairman A t present the HAS is host to several long 1-30 November 1997 NIAS (Nijmegen University) D r Achim M ittag (Germany) term research fellows. Below you will find DrJ.L. Blussé van OudAlblas Dr Sven Cederroth (N/AS) ‘Chinese Historiography of Quing an overview of their names and research (Leiden University) Dr Ralph Shlomowitz (USA) ‘Patterns of Islamic Fundamentalism. Scholarship. A Reconstruction of a Key topics: Prof. H.W. Bodewitz (Leiden University) ‘Asian Migrant Labour in 19th and 20th The Case of Indonesia and Malaysia’ Historical Discourse in China from Prof.A. Hagendoorn (Utrecht University) Centuries’ (archival studies) the Mid-18th Century to the Present’ Prof.W.L. Idema (Leiden University) Dr Henk Blezer (the Netherlands) 19 November - 19 December 1997 24 November 1997 — 4 December 1997 Stationed at Research School CNWS Prof. O.D. van den Muijzenberg D r Blezer was recently selected as an (preliminary) in Leiden until I October 1998. (University o f Amsterdam) individual fellow to do research on Dr David Chambers (UK) Prof. H.A. Sutherland The “ Bon”-Origin of Tibetan Buddhist 'The Politics of Intelligence and ANU Dr Giovanni Vitiello (Italy) (Vrije UniversiteipAmsterdam). Speculations Regarding a Post-Mortem Security W ork in the Chinese Dr Christoph Antons ‘Exemplary Sodomites: Pornography, State Called “ Reality as It Is"’. Communist Party, based on a Case (La Trobe UniversityI ANU) Homoeroticism and Sexual Culture ACADEMIC COMMITTEE Until I August 2000 History of the Careers, Purges, and ‘Japan as a Model! - A Comparison of in Late Imperial China' Prof. B.N.F.White - Chairman Rehabilitation of Pan Hannian and Law and development in Japan, Until I August 2000 (Institute of Social Studies, The Hague) Dr Hanne de Bruin (the Netherlands) Yang Fan' Singapore and Indonesia’ Prof. B.Arps (Leiden University) D r De Bruin is going to work on IS January 1 9 9 8 - IS April 1998 I July 1 9 9 7- 31 December 1997 Dr Martin Ramstedt (Germany) Dr. C.E. von Benda Beckmann ‘Kattaikkuttu and Natakam: South (preliminary) 'Hindu Dharma Indonesia - the Hindu- (Erasmus University, Rotterdam) Indian Theatre Traditions in Regional Dr Helen Creese movement in present-day Indonesia Prof. P. Boomgaard (Royal Institute of Perspective’ within the programme Dr Minjie Zhang (P.R. China) (ANU) and its influence in relation to the Linguistics and Anthropology, Leiden) ‘Performing Arts of Asia:Tradition and The Shift of Divorce Patterns in T he Babad Dalem: a Balinese development of the indigenous culture Prof.W.J. Boot (Leiden University) Innovation; the expression of identity Contemporary China’ historical chronicle' of theToraja (AlukTodolo) in South Prof.J.C. Breman (University o f Amsterdam) in a changing w orld’ (PAATI). 3 months, early 1998 (preliminary) November 1997 - January 1998 Sulawesi’ Prof. P. Kloos (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) Until IS July 2001. I December 1997 - 30 November 2000 Prof. D.H.A. Kolff (Leiden University) Dr Marzali (Indonesia) Dr Fadzilah Cooke D r RJ.M. Nas (Leiden University) Dr Cheng Shaogang (The Netherlands) The Urang Sisi of West Java. A Study of (University ofWollongong) Prof.A. Niehof 7. DUTCH SENIORS ‘The Chinese Community in Batavia Peasants’ Responses to Population ‘Forest Resource Use and Politics (Agricultural University Wageningen) Max. two Dutch seniors per year can I820-I9I8.A historical demographic Pressure’ (translation to Indonesian) Dr. E.B.Vermeer (Leiden University) in Malaysia’ apply fo r this position of max. 6 months study’, individual fellow IS February 1998 - IS May 1998 I January 1998 - 30 June 1998 each at the HAS. A Dutch senior should Until I August 2000 have obtained a PhD degree more than RESEARCH PROGRAMMES Dr Roland Silva (Sri Lanka) SASS five years ago, and be academically very AND PROJECTS Dr W ill Derks (the Netherlands) ‘Relic Worship in the A rt and Prof. Rui Chuanming ‘Changing Labour Relations in productive.The stay at HAS (not abroad!) D r Derks' topic is ‘The Search for Architecture of Ancient India and Sri Contemporary Asia’ 'A Study on the Ancient “ Xi Hu” can be used fo r further research. Funds Malayness’ within the collaborative Lanka' (in co-operation with NIAS - Copenhagen, (Western Foreigners), from Han are made available to finance the framework of Changing Lifestyles. ANU - Canberra, and the International Spring 1998 (preliminary) to Tang Dynasty’ temporary replacement for teaching Until I April 1998 Institute of Social History - Amsterdam, as Mid-November 1997 - Mid-January 1998 activities of a senior at his/her home the executing body; Programme Coordinator: Dr Keith Forster (Australia) university. Dr R. Saptari) Dr Cen Huang (Canada) ‘A Chinese Province under Reform: UNIVERSITAT WIEN D r Huang has been selected within the the paradoxical case of Zhejiang' Dr Max Nihom, stationed at the HAS Dr Heidi Dahles ‘International Social Organization research programme‘International End February 1998 - end May / 998 Branch Office Amsterdam (Katholieke Universiteit Brabant) in East and Southeast Asia: Qiaoxiang Ties Social Organization in East and (preliminary) Translation of old Javanese texts Tourism, Heritage, and National in the Twentieth Century’ Southeast Asia: Qiaoxiang ties in the I October 1997 - I February 1998 Culture: dilemmas of a Javanese (Programme Directors: twentieth century’. Her topic is 3. PROFESSORIAL FELLOWS community’ Dr. LM. Douw and Dr F.N. Pieke) ‘Structure and Social Organization of The HAS assists in mediating between / January 1998 - I July 1998 Transnational Enterprises and universities in the Netherlands and Dutch visiting exchange fellows: ‘PAATI’:‘Performing Arts in Asia: Entrepreneurship in East and Research Institutes in Asia, inviting Tradition and Innovation’ Southeast Asia’ established scholars (minimum ANU (Programme Director: DrW. van Zanten) Until I November 1999 requirement: assistant professor level) to D r John Kleinen share their expertise with Dutch scholars, (University o f Amsterdam, Anthropological- ABIA-Project:‘Key to South and by being affiliated to Dutch universities Sociological Centre) Southeast Asian A rt and Archaeology for a period of one to tw o years. Index’ ‘Political History ofVietnam: (Project Coordinator: Prof. K. van Kooij the last three decades’ editors: Dr E. Raven and Dr M. Klokke) I September 1997 - I December 1997

Autumn 1997 • iias new sletter 34914 • 4 3 I I AS NEWS

Progress Report Changing Labour Relations in Asia

p I i he IIAS-funded 1. labour process and migrant workers (thus dependent associated with the separation of repressed in at the national and in­ I research pro- relations of production for their social security on their em­ home and work and the domestica­ ternational levels? JL gramme ‘Chang­ Are certain forms of labour pro­ ployers and not the communities tion of women in general, how do we ing Labour Relations in cesses occurring in many Asian from which they originate)? How view the historical development in The speakers and discussants for Asia’ organized its first countries as a result of their integra­ much do we know of the link be­ the Asian countries? What are the the workshop included: Frederic workshop in Diliman, tion in the global economy replicas tween social policies and conse­ forces that generate such tendencies; Deyo (Univ. of Auckland); Jan Bre- Quezon City, Philippines on 23 - 25 of that of the colonial period or of quences of labour migration? are they similar to or different from man (ASSR); O.v.d.Muijzenberg October this year. This long-term those occurring in the West, or those of the West? (ASSR); Ben White (ISS); Prabhu Mo- research programme aims to build a are they new? If labour processes INTERNATIONAL hapatra (Assoc, of Indian Labour His­ comparative understanding of la­ are becoming more and more RESEARCH PROGRAMME 4. Labour consciousness torians); Amarjit Kaur (Univ. of New bour relations in different parts of part of a long chain of intercon­ To what extent do workers’ England); Xin Deng (ANU); Ratna Asia, namely West, Central, South, necting links, how would an consciousness and the kind of Saptari (IISH); Cynthia Bautista Southeast and East Asia. This work­ intra-and inter-sectoral scope CHANGING strategies this enacts manifest it­ (Univ. of the Philippnes); Irene Nor- shop was a crucial part of the re­ enrich our analysis? How do self within the cultural frame- lund (NIAS); Gosta Edgren (SIDA); search programme in that it hoped these structures affect and are af­ LABOUR work of the workers? To what ex­ Tsing Lung Tsay (Academia Sinica); to initiate and stimulate several fol­ fected by local forms of labour di­ tent is it manifested in labour re­ Chris Manning (ANU); Rene Ofreneo low-up activities (workshops, re­ vision, workers’ consciousness, RELATIONS lations recently emerging in the (School of Labor and Indus. Rela­ searches, and publications) based on and gender relations? Do they market or the workplace? What tions); Leopoldo Dejillas (Inst, of a collaborative framework between create demand for different types kind of methodology can we use Dev. Res. Studies); Willem van several European, Asian, and Austal- of labour resulting in the mov­ IN ASIA to identify ‘consciousness’? How Schendel; Jan Lucassen (IISH); Marcel ian institutions. In brief, the aims of ing in of certain types of labour do we relate individual and col­ v.d. Linden (IISH); Andrew Wells the workshop were: a) identify spe­ and the moving out of other types? 3.The Gendered Nature lective consciousness and how these (Univ. of Wollongong), and others. ■ cific research topics based on a dis­ How would our analyses of the la­ o f la b o u r Relations: relate with individual and collective cussion of the conceptual, methodo­ bour process look like if we broaden To what extent are gender-based action? logical, and geographical dimen­ our scope to processes occurring out­ assumptions shaped or mediated by The next HAS newsletter will include a sions of the five themes elaborated side the workplace (namely the com­ political and economic forces, to 5. Labour legislation and report of the workshop. below; b) discuss ideas for concrete munity and the home]? what extent to traditional ideas on ‘O ld ’ and 'New' labour plans to conduct a series of work­ gender? To what extent do these as­ movements shops and small research projects 2. Labour Mobility sumptions change as a result of the How do the different categories of For further inquiries please contact: J under the co-ordination of post- Which types of labour are increas­ political and economic exigencies labour contribute or inhibit the de­ DR RATNA SAPTARI [ doctoral fellows; c) create a network ingly becoming mobile and under which interact with the nature of velopment of a labour movement in International Institute of Social History for possible collaborations with what circumstances do they mi­ local labour markets and the ‘tradi­ each country? How does a country’s Cruquiusweg 31 Asian and non-Asian institutions; d) grate? What kind of labour relations tional’ forms of labour division? If position in global politics influence 1019 AT Amsterdam discuss the financial base for the do migrants enter into the place of we compare the development of the the type of state intervention and la­ The Netherlands programme. The themes of the work? Are labour relations influ­ situation in Asia with that of parts of bour movements emerging in the Tel:+3 I-20-6685866 workshop and the related questions enced more by the nature of work West Europe where the feminization respective nation-states? How are Fax:+3 I-20-6654181 were: they enter or by the fact that they are of labour in certain areas of work is the different interests enhanced or E-mail: [email protected] mmm Indonesian Minister of Education visits Leiden From 22-25 October 1997, the Minister of Education and Culture o f the Republic o f Indonesia, Prof. Dr. Ing. Wardiman Djodjonegoro, visited the Netherlands. On 24 October the Minister visited the IIAS and the Royal Institute o f Ethnology and Linguistics (KITLV) in Leiden.

Professor Wim A.L. Stokhof director of the HA S, and Pro/Wardiman Djodjonegoro, Visiting the KITLV. From left to right: Dr G.J. Knaap (KITLV); Professor Wardiman Djodjonegoro; Minister of Education and Culture o f the Republic of Indonesia. Abdurrachman M attalitti (Embassy o f the Republic of Indonesia to the Netherlands);

PHOTO BY: WIM VREEBURG and Dr P.A.J. Tindemans (Ministry of Education and Culture, the Netherlands) PHOTO BY: WIM VREEBURG

4 4 * IIAS new sletter n ?14 • Autumn 1997 I I AS NEWS P rog ress Report P Performing Arts in Asia Project

Connected to the PAATI project is By WIM VAN ZANTEN the set-up of an electronic journal R esearch he research pro­ ‘Oideion; The performing arts on­ Project ject Performing line’. The first articles will appear in L d . Arts in Asia; Tra­ September/October 1997. The WWW dition and Innovation site of Oideion is: began with the appoint­ http://iias.leidenuniv.nl/ ment of its Programme oideion/general/ Director, and the first fellow, Dr. Hanne de Bruin, per t5 October 1997. Among other things, this first In the coming years Hanne de Bruin issue contains a short overview of will do research on theatre in South Dutch performing arts during the India. The two other fellows are last 35 years, and more specifically - being selected and will start on 1 ethnomusicology in universities. The Workshop on Qiaoxiang Ties January 1998. The full PAATI re­ This overview will be updated regu­ Progress Report (Leiden, z 8-zp August 1998). search proposal may be found on the larly; it will give addresses of rele­ On the left Dr Leo Douw WWW site of the HAS: http://iias.lei- vant institutions, and some infor­ (programme director) and denuniv.nl/fellows/paati/paati.html mation on scholars. ■ on the right Dr Cen Huang Qiaoxiang Ties (researchfellow) p h o t o by: w im vreeburg

Programme • * . 0

Dr Leo Douw and Dr Cen Huang By CEN HUANG & LEO DOUW are currently working on the future he Third IIAS Pro­ ten several discussion papers on re­ plans of the programme. The second gramme: Interna­ lated topics. A comprehensive re­ important event of the programme tional Social Or­ search networking list in the field has been designed as a research panel ganization in East and has been developed and distributed. on the topic of‘Chinese transnation­ Southeast Asia: Qiaoxiang We welcome anyone who is interest­ alism within cultural and historical Ties during the Twentieth ed in the topic to join our network. contexts’. The panel will be a joint Centuiy (hereafter referred to as, qiaox­ activity with the International Con­ iang programme) has undergone sev­ On 28-29 August 1997, the first vention of Asian Scholar to be held in eral major developments since last event of the programme, i.e. an in­ Holland in June 1998. It aims to pro­ November when its first research fel­ ternational workshop of the pro­ duce a high quality book based on low, Dr Cen Huang, was appointed. gramme: ‘International Social Or­ the panel papers. Calling for papers The programme started with discus­ ganization in East and Southeast will start soon. The third important sions and the development of the re­ Asia: Qiaoxiang Ties during the event will be an international con­ search questions, research methodol­ Twentieth Century’ was held in ference in the summer of 1999 on the ogy, and its theoretical orientation. A Leiden. (The report on workshop will topic o f‘Chinese Transnational En­ central focus of the programme has be published in the next issue of the terprises during the Twentieth Cen­ been defined as the structure and so­ HAS newsletter). The workshop tury’. The conference will be consid­ cial organization of Chinese transna­ brought together scholars from ered to mark the conclusion of the tional enterprises and entrepreneur- many countries to share their re­ programme and is hoped to make a ship in Southeast Asia and South search interest and experience on the major contribution to the field. In­ China with an emphasis on how topic and to discuss future direc­ ternational conference partnerships qiaoxiang ties (overseas Chinese home­ tions of the programme. An interna­ are sought in order to organize this town connections) work and influ­ tional research network of studies on important event. ence the transformation of the trans­ overseas Chinese, qiaoxiang ties, and national economy in the region. The Chinese cultural and economic The selection of the second re­ programme is also designed to ini­ transnationalism is on the way to search fellow of the programme is tiate an internationally joint research being established. nearly completed. ■ network in the field. The collabora­ tive approach is hoped to result in Scene from ‘Aijuna Tapas’ performed by a Kattaikuttu theatregroup during fruitful academic publications. (Plea­ the opening festivities of the PAATI Project on Thursday 23 October 1997. se see the HAS Annual Report 1996, pp. PHOTO BY: WIM VREEBURG do-2; and the HAS Newsletter #12, 1996, p. 4t, for more information). The PAATI project was opened of­ The programme director, Dr Leo ficially on Thursday 23 October 1997 Douw, and the research fellow, Dr with a performance by a Kattaikuttu Cen Huang, undertook a field trip to theatre group of the play ‘Arjuna Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Tapas’. This group will also be docu­ China in April 1997. They established mented by Dr. de Bruin on video research networks with institutions film, in collaboration with Drs. Erik and individual researchers in the de Maaker (camera). field in these regions. They also visit­ ed many qiaoxiang villages, overseas In June 1998 the PAATI project will Chinese associations, and overseas be represented with a session on the Chinese invested enterprises in ‘Methodology of Practice’ during the South China during their field trip. International Confention of Asia Based on the field study, Dr Leo Participants of the Workshop on Qiaoxiang Ties (Leiden, 28-29 August x 997) Scholars (ICAS) conference in Noord- Dr Wim van Zanten is the programme

Douw and Dr Cen Huang have writ- PHOTO BY: WIM VREEBURG wijkerhout. director of PAATI

Autumn 1997 • iias newsletter tsis 14 • 4 5 THE ESF ASIA COMMITTEE NEWS

ESF OFFICE I quai Lezay-Marnésia 67080 Strasbourg Cedex ^ ■ France Asia Committee Tel:+33-388 76 71 00 Fax: +33-388 37 OS 32 E U R O P E A N SCIENCE FOUNDATION WWW: http://www.esf.org

Y gently, the Asia Committee should The European Science Foundation place more emphasis on contempo­ is an association of 62 major rary studies concerning Asia. national funding agencies devoted The ESF to basic scientific research in To implement this latter goal, the 21 countries.The ESF assists its review panel recommended issuing Member Organizations in two main short and long-term fellowships, on ways: by bringing scientists together Asia Committee the basis of the following reasoning: in its scientific programmes, long-term fellowship support is an networks, and European research in-depth investment in individual conferences, to work on topics of scholarship and the knowledge base common concern; and through of the research community; short­ the joint study of issues of strategic 1995 ~ 1997 term awards can serve to forge struc­ importance in European science tural ties between research institu­ policy. tions in and outside Europe. The scientific work sponsored The Asia Committee was established by the ESF Executive University of California, Berkeley. The workshop programme should by ESF includes basic research in Council in 1994 for an initial period of three years (1995-1997). In August 1997, the panel’s consid­ be continued and it should try to at­ the natural and technical sciences, During these years the Committee has spent its time develop­ erations were issued in a report: ‘Re­ tract more proposals addressing con­ the medical and biosciences, ing activities which will improve Asian Studies in Europe. view of the ESF Programme in Asian temporary issues. the humanities and social sciences. These activities were summarized in the Committee’s Novem­ Studies 1995-1997’. Suggestions were The panel’s report mentions that it The ESF maintains close relations ber 1996 report.* made and some critical notes sound­ is astonishing that some countries with other scientific institutions ed but the main conclusion of the re­ quite active in Asian Studies, and within and outside Europe. By its view reads as follows: which have benefited from the Asia activities, ESF adds value by co­ ■ By S.A.M. KUYPERS & W.A.L. STOKHOF ‘Given the importance of Asia for Committee fellowship programme, operation and co-ordination across r \ n e important step sation; Europe's future, the effort of ESF to do not support this Committee more national frontiers and endeavours, TjïÉlffl I 1 taken by the Com- - To constitute an adequate knowl­ strengthen the European Research actively and effectively. offers expert scientific advice on mittee was the edge of Asia, existing borders be­ community and give new impetus to It was obvious to the panel mem­ strategic issues, and provides the |444i drafting of a policy paper: tween disciplines dealing with the the study of Asia, is praiseworthy and bers that important steps had already European forum for fundamental K | ‘Research and Education study of Asia should be transcend­ deserves further support from re­ been taken in a very short time. Had science. on Asia at European ed; search organisations and govern­ it had more funds, the Asia Commit­ Level: Strategic Considerations for the mental departments from all Euro­ tee could have been more effective. ■ ESF OFFICE 21st Century’.* The objective of this - Stronger links should be forged pean countries. The activities (of the I quai Lezay-Marnésia paper is to address the question of between academia and society, be­ Asia Committee) have clear European 67080 Strasbourg Cedex how social sciences and humanities tween researchers, policy makers, added-value and the achievements of * Copies o f the ‘Report on the work o f France research can be of use to Europe in the individuals and institutions who the ESF Asia Committee thus far give the ESF Asia Committee in 1995- Tel:+33-388 76 71 00 building up of economic, scientific, need knowledge about Asia. us confidence that the small sums of 1997’; the policy paper ‘Research and Fax:+33-388 37 05 32 and cultural relationships between money requested for a programme Education on Asia at European Level: WWW: http://www.esf.org Asia and Europe. The paper stresses - The dissemination of knowledge such as this are well-spent.’ Strategic Considerations for the that Europe must develop and accom­ and information about Asia 21st Century’; and the review paper modate a broader and more adequate should be promoted at all levels of Broadly speaking, the report advo­ 'Review o f the ESF Programme in For general ESF Asia Committee information knowledge on Asia, and to achieve European society. cates a more clearly focused approach Asian Studies 1995-1997’, may be ob­ and for information on workshops: this proposes the following measures: towards goals and activities so that tained Jrom the ESF Asia Committee ESF ASIA COMMITTEE Review these are made even more effective. Secretariat. SECRETARIAT - Academic exchange and mobility In June-August 1997, the work of The panel stresses the importance of c/o Drs Sabine A M. Kuypers or between Europe and Asia should the Asia Committee was evaluated creating a European research com­ Drs Cathelijne B.W.Veenkamp be increased; by an international review panel munity in Asian Studies through HAS, P.O.Box 9515 consisting of: Francois Godement, networking at all levels. The Asia This article and the article on the following 2300 RA Leiden,The Netherlands - Networking within Europe Institut Francais des Relations Inter­ Committee should endeavour to cre­ page are based partly on documents drafted Tel:+3 I-7 1-527 22 27 should be strengthened to cope nationales, Paris; Bruce Koppel, East- ate more links between the academic by Max Sparreboom, ESF Secretary for Asia Fax:+31-71-527 4 1 62 with fragmentation and speciali­ West Center, Hawai’i; Frits Staal, community and policy makers. Co­ Committee matters. E-mail: [email protected]

ASSOCIATION FOR KOREAN Secretariat, c/o Prof. H. Boekman Secretariat, c/o Prof. Dr W. Pascha EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR STUDIES IN EUROPE, AKSE Centre for Development and the East Asian Economic Studies SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES, EASAS Prof. Dr B.C.A.Walraven (president) Environment (SUM) Duisburg University EUROSEAS Prof. Dr D. Rothermund (president) P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden University of Oslo 47048 Duisburg, Germany Prof Th. Svensson (president) Universitat Heidelberg The Netherlands P.O. Box 1116 Blindern Tel/Fax +49-203-3792002 Nordic Institute for Asian Studies Südasien Institut Tel:+31-71-527 2541 N-03 17 Oslo, Norway E-mail: [email protected] Leifsgade 33, 2300 Kobenhavn S Im Neuenheimer Feld 330 Fax:+31-71-527 2215 Tel: +47-22858954 (-00) Denmark 69120 Heidelberg E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +47-22858920 EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR Tel: +45-315 48844 Germany E-mail: [email protected] CENTRAL ASIA STUDIES, ESCAS Fax: +45-329 62530 Tel:+49-6221-5489 09 / 00 Secretariat, c/o Prof. Werner Sasse Dr E.A. Chylinski (president) Fax: +49-6221 -5449 98 Universitat Hamburg, Abt. Koreonistik EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR Taasingevej 19, 6710 Esbjerg V Secretariat, c/o Prof. Dr P. Boomgaard Binderstrasse 34, JAPANESE STUDIES, EAJS Denmark Royal Institute of Linguistics and Secretariat, c/o Prof. D.H.A. Kolff 20146 Hamburg, Germany Dr Peter Kornicki (president) Tel:+45-7512 3744 Anthropology, KITLV Kern Institute E-mail: [email protected] Faculty of Oriental Studies Fax:+45-7545 27.01 P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden Sidgwick Avenue The Netherlands The Netherlands EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF Cambridge CB3 9DA Secretariat, c/o DrT.Atabaki Tel:+31-71-527 2639 Tel:+3 I-71-527 2145 / 2171 CHINESE STUDIES, EACS U.K. University of Utrecht Fax:+31-71-527 2638 Fax:+31-71-527 2615 Prof. Dr R. Wagner (president) Tel:+44-1223-335173 Vakgroep Oosterse Talen E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] Universitat Heidelberg, Sinologisches Fax: +44-1223-3351 10 Drift 15,3512 BR Utrecht [email protected] Seminar E-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands Akademiestrasse 4-8, D-691 17 Tel:+3 I-30-253 6132 Heidelberg, Germany Fax:+31-30-253 6138 Tel:+49-6221-5424 65 E-mail:Turaj. [email protected] Fax:+49-6221-5424 39

4 6 ■ HAS NEWSLETTER "N? 14 • Autumn 1997 THE ESF ASIA COMMITTEE NEWS The ESF Asia Committee 1998 2000 Proposed. New Arrangements

On 25-26 September 1997 the Executive Council o f the Europe­ LATEST NEWS! a. Post-docfellowships Participating countries an Science Foundation decided in favour of a continuation of Post-doctorate fellowships (short Asian Studies are represented in all its Programme in Asian Studies for the three-year period 1998- after tflrtcC,e W3S written and/or long-term). Criteria are aca­ European countries, but are particu­ 2000. Below follows a description of the manner in which the of rh p « T ’Ve Council demic excellence and mobility: the larly strong - with regard to a variety ESF could proceed in order to continue its Programme in of the ESF decided in willingness of the candidate to locate of disciplines and a number of practi­ fen° T ° A the continuation Asian Studies. he Asia Committee his/her work in a European country tioners - in France, the United King­ However, at the time this other than the candidate’s and partly dom, Germany, The Netherlands, and representation between Social Science in Asia. the Nordic countries. Equally impor­ ■ By S.A.M. KUYPERS newsletter was in press and Humanities disciplines. One tant, but more limited, institutions & W.A.L. STOKHOF Ptht dw qUieting news member is attracted from outside reached us that the ESF b. Programme development and provisions for Asian Studies are Institutional he proposed new university or research institutions Sodal ï g- C° mmittee for Support for the elaboration of inter­ found in Italy, Austria, Switzerland, I arrangements for (e.g. a journalist or political function­ ocial fe n c e s had taken national, joint research programmes Spain, Portugal, Belgium, the Czech JL the second man­ ary). The Committee may appoint ob­ the view that the Social between European (Asian, Australian Republic, Hungary, and Poland. The Sciences were not ■ ■ ■ date period (1998-2000) servers from national governments, and American) research centres. ESF Member Organizations in all ■ ■ ■ entrenched enough in the incorporate the views of from related bodies in the US and ■ ■ ■ programme and therefore these countries will be invited to par­ the review panel, and also Asia, and from private foundations. J Committee was not as c. International workshops ticipate in the Committee’s activities, take account of the views of the ESF Should there be an obvious lacuna in Awards for the organization of make nominations for Committee Standing Committees for the Hu­ the academic coverage of the Com­ workshops, symposia, summer cours­ memberships and make financial - manities and the Social Sciences to mittee, the Committee may attract an Committee. If the view of es, and conferences and dissemina­ contributions to the three-year pro­ which the Asia Committee reports. expert to cover that particular field. the Social Sciences tion of the results. Criteria: high qual­ gramme of activities. Committee prevails, this ity; inter-disciplinarity (Social Scienc­ Remit ESF Member Organizations are will have dire con­ es and Humanities); joint venture Ongoing and future work The aim of the ESF Programme in asked to nominate several scholars sequences for all activities with Asian Counterpart; European The report on the work o f the ESF Asian Studies is to: from different disciplinary fields. Del­ planned by the ESF Asia added-value (subsidiarity); relevance Asia Committee in 1995-1997, issued - promote innovative scholarship on egates are appointed by ESF, after con­ Committee, such as for understanding contemporary de­ in November 1996, lists the work­ fellowships, seminars, and Asia; sultation with the two Standing workshops. velopments; importance for relation­ shops taking place in 1997. At its - co-ordinate European research on Committees concerned, and taking ship Europe-Asia. meeting in summer 1997, the Asia Asia and strengthen the communi­ into account a fair spread of discipli­ Committee selected a number of ty of researchers on Asia; nary approaches and geographical re­ d. Co-ordination, networking, workshops scheduled to take place in - promote the building up and dis­ gions of expertise. informs the Executive Council and strengthening research infrastructure 1998 (see this section). The Committee semination of knowledge, relevant Members are appointed for the du­ ESF Board of its activities. In the case Enlargement and maintainance o f has made a selection of the candidates to understanding contemporary ration of the mandate period of the of each Standing Committee, a mem­ the Directory/Database of researchers; for post-doctoral fellowships. Three Asia; Committee, i.e. for three years. They ber of the Asia Committee acts as liai­ supporting activities for researchers candidates can start work with the - integrate various disciplinary ap­ cannot be represented by replace­ son and in this capacity is invited to from the European Professional Asso­ now available funds; three others may proaches to the study of Asia; ments. In the previous mandate peri­ attend the meetings when required. ciations dealing with specific regions start once more funds become availa­ - promote interdisciplinary and bor­ od, chairman, vice-chairman, and sec­ The work of the Asia Committee will in Asia; supporting networking ble in 1998. Some funds have been re­ der-transcending co-operation in retary were appointed for four instead be subject to further evaluation at the among researchers, especially in less served for further programme devel­ research on Asia. of three years, to ensure the continui­ end of the year 2000. well-connected areas of Europe; opment, notably an initiative for a - improve research co-operation be­ ty in the Committee’s work. After one maintaining close contacts with con­ programme on ‘Changing Labour Re­ tween Europe and Asia. year in the second mandate period, Committee meetings gruent bodies in Asian countries, Aus­ lations in Asia’. Other programmes at candidates for these positions will be The full Asia Committee meets tralia, and North America. a less advanced stage of development The ESF seeks to achieve these ends elected again from amongst the Com­ once a year. The agendas are prepared include a proposal for an internation­ through: mittee members. by the Executive Group. The Execu­ e. Dissemination, publicity, and PR al research programme entitled ‘Cul­ - the reconstitution of the ESF Asia Scholars who have served one term tive Group meets once or twice yearly. Support for a limited number of tural Diversity: the Global Culture Committee, an independent aca­ on the Asia Committee can, in princi­ Chairman, vice-chairman, and secre­ publications resulting from ESF Heritage’. Both initiatives address demic committee that is composed ple, be re-nominated and be appoint­ tary meet when necessary for day-to- workshops; newsletters; flyers; pos­ contemporary developments in Asia, of senior researchers from Europe­ ed for a second term, but care will be day business. ters and other means to publicize the and correspond with the new direc­ an countries, reporting to the ESF taken to ensure a regular turn-over of ESF Asia Committee’s work and in­ tion of work that the renewed Asia Standing Committees for the Social membership. Management crease the visibility ofAsian Studies in Committee is asked to embark upon. Sciences and the Humanities; Administrative responsibilities are Europe. - enabling this Committee to devel­ To ensure the maintainance of the shared as follows: the ESF office over­ Conclusion op activities according to agreed pan-European character of the Asia sees selection procedures and handles f. Strategic activities To a certain extent the work of the procedures: workshops; support for Committee, a temporary observer fellowship applications; it is in charge Provide a forum for the discussion Asia Committee will proceed as be­ developing co-operative research status on the Asia Committee may be of financial administration, such as of priority action in the entire field of fore, but this does not mean that programmes; individual post-doc­ accorded to representatives from arrangements with institutions Asian Studies and pool expertise; in­ there will not be ample scope to im­ toral fellowships, support for net­ those countries considering, but not about fellowship remunerations. The teract with national and internation­ plement the ty p e o f work that the re­ working and co-ordinating activi­ yet having decided to contribute fi­ ESF office acts as liaison with the al agencies, responsible for Asian view panel has suggested. ties. nancially to the Committee’s work. other ESF bodies and Member Organ­ Studies and having an (scientific, po­ The newly constituted Asia Com­ izations, and oversees reports and ac­ litical, economic or cultural) interest mittee, like its predecessor, will in The disciplinary and geographical The day-to-day business is con­ counts. Contacts between the ESF of­ in Asia; raise support for Asian Studies principle respond to activities pro­ scope of the Programme in Asian ducted by chairman, vice-chairman, fice and the Asia Committee Secretari­ and improve contacts between the ac­ posed by researchers (bottom-up- Studies covers the study (in the field secretary, and ESF secretary. Meetings at are frequent and ensure continuity ademic community and policy mak­ mode). The pro-active role of the Asia of the Social Sciences and the Human­ of the full Committee are prepared by of the work. The Secretariat organizes ers. Committee (top-down mode) will be ities) of the languages, cultures, socie­ an Executive Group, consisting of the Committee meetings, produces apparent from its choice of new pro­ ties and economies of South, Central, chairman, vice-chairman, secretary, and sends the necessary documenta­ Funding grammes to be developed, the co-or­ Southeast, and East Asia. There is no ESF secretary, and two Committee tion, corresponds with Committee So far, the programme has fol­ dinating role of the Secretariat, and strict dividing line between this focal members, to be elected by the full members and the scholarly commu­ lowed a system of mixed funding: ‘a- continuing efforts to stress the im­ area and geographically peripheral Committee. nity at large. It takes care of publicity la-carte’ contributions are made by portance of Asia to a wider segment of areas. and produces newsletters, brochures ESF Member Organizations (Social society, including policy-makers and The Secretariat of the Asia Commit­ Reporting arrangements and flyers. The Secretariat is in charge Sciences and Humanities), national directorates of the European Union. tee is hosted by the International In­ The Asia Committee was estab­ of the workshop administration. governments, and private founda­ The Asia Committee 1995-1997 has stitute for Asian Studies (HAS) in Leid­ lished by the ESF Executive Council, The research institutions involved tions in Asia (Toyota Foundation, proved to be effective and useful. This en, the Netherlands. on the recommendation of the Stand­ contribute substantially to the aims Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation). despite the fact that its impact and ing Committees for the Social Sciences of the Asia Committee from their own scope have been impeded by frugal Membership and the Humanities. The Asia Com­ resources. Furthermore, the IIAS has con­ funding. The potential strength of The Asia Committee is composed of mittee makes independent decisions tributed considerably in terms of the Asia Committee is still underuti­ authoritative senior researchers from about the organization of its activi­ Activities; modes of operation manpower, financial support, and by lized. It is a catalyst in the creation of a all European countries with an inter­ ties. It reports directly to the two The tasks of the Asia Committee are offering certain facilities. It is envis­ truly European research community est in Asian Studies. The membership Standing Committees (and thereby to stimulate, co-ordinate, and sup­ aged that this funding arrangement in Asian Studies and will be instru­ should cover the broad field of Asian also to the ESF Member Organiza­ port Asian Studies in Europe by the will be continued and, where possi­ mental in the essential dialogue be­ Studies as defined above, with equal tions), at least once annually, and also following means: ble, improved. tween Asia and Europe. ■

Autumn 1997 • has newsletter n ?14 • 4 7 THE ESF ASIA COMMITTEE NEWS

Dr Martin Ramstedt (Germany) Workshops ESF ASIA COMMITTEE FELLOWS Stationed atHAS, Leiden, the Netherlands Period: December 1997 - December 2000 RECEIVING ESF ASIA COMMITTEE Research topic: Hindu Dharma Indonesia - Dr Cristina Eghenter (Jakarta) Dr Cecilia Milwertz (Copenhagen) The Hindu-Movement in Present-Day FUNDING Stationed at Centre for Southeast Asian Stationed at: Institute for Chinese Studies Indonesia and its Influence in Relation Studies of the University of Hull, UK in Oxford, UK to the Development of the Indigenous 20-22 November 1997 Dr G A. Persoon, Centre of Period:June 1997-June 1998 Period: August 1996 - August 1999 Culture of theToraja (AlukTodolo) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan Environmental Science, Leiden Topic: The Use of Migration and Trading Topic: Establishing Civil Society in the South Sulawesi Opting out o f the ‘Nation', Identity Politic University, P.O. Box 9515, Routes in the Interior of Borneo People’s Republic of China and Labour in Central, South and West Asia, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands, Dr Giovanni Vitiello (Italy) ipzos - 1990s tel: +31-71-5277474, fax: +31-71-5277496. Dr John Hutnyk (Manchester) Dr Joachim Mittag (Bielefeld) Stationed at: HAS, Leiden, the Netherlands Prof, Dr W. van Schendel, University of Dr P. Sajise, SEARCA, UPLB Campus, Stationed at: Institute for Ethnology of Stationed at: Sinological Institute of Leiden Period: August 1997 - August 2000 Amsterdam, International Institute of Laguna 4031, the Philippines, the University of Heidelberg, Germany University, the Netherlands Research topic: Exemplary Sodomites: Social History; Dr E. Zürcher, tel: +63-94-5362380, fax: +63-2-8135697 Period: June 1997-June 1998 Period: September 1996 - September 1998 Pornography, Homoeroticism and International Institute of Social History Topic: Selling South Asian Popular Youth Topic: Chinese Historiography of Qing Sexual Culture in Late Imperial China (IISH), Amsterdam; DrG. Rasuiy- Culture: music technology and Scholarship Palaczek, University of Vienna; 16-19 March 1998 television for export Dr Ines Zupanov (Paris) Dr I. Baldauf Humboldt Universitat Blaubeuren, Germany Dr Brigitte Piquard (Louvain) Stationed at: School of Oriental and zu Berlin; Dr T. Atabaki, University Religion and Economy in East Asia Dr Francoise Mengin (France) Stationed a t Centre d’Études de l’lnde et African Studies London, UK of Utrecht. Correspondence address: (China, Japan, Korea) Stationed at: HAS, Leiden, the Netherlands de I’Asie du Sud, Paris, France Period: November 1996 - November 1997 International Institute o f Social History, Prof. Dr H.U. Vogel, Seminar fiir Period: 2 years Period: May 1997-May 1998 Topic:Jesuit Missions in India (16th-18th Cruquiusweg 31,1019 AT Amsterdam, Sinologie und Koreanistik, Univ. Research topic:Taiwan and the Greater Topic: Folk Political Representations of Century). Ethnography,Theology and The Netherlands. Tübingen; Prof Dr V. Eschbach-Szabo, South China: contribution to the study National Pakistani Leaders Social Engineering Tel: +31-20-6685866, DrG. Leinss, Seminar für japanologie, of the territorial dimension of politics fax:+31-20-6654181, Univ, Tubingen; Prof. Dr D. Eikemeier, e-mail: [email protected] Seminar fur Sinologie und Koreanistik, Univ. Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 133, (Advertisement) D-72074 Tübingen, Germany, 27-29 N ovember 1997 tel: +49-7071-565101, Meudon, France fax: +49-7071-565100, e-mail: The Lhasa Valley. Conservation and [email protected] Modernisation in Tibetan Architecture Institute of Asian Affairs Dr Heather Stoddard (INALCO) Tel/Fax: +33-1- 45679503 2-4 April 1998 Recent Publications - A Selection SOAS, London The Economies o f Southeast Asia Periodicals Bartke, Wolfgang: Who Was Who in the People's Republic 8-10 December 1997 in the 1930s Depression of China, München 1997, 2 vols., 700 pp. (hardbound), CHINA aktuell (monthly periodical), DM 126.00 plus Leiden, The Netherlands Dr Ian Brown, Department of History, DM 498.00 postage (subscription per year) Bass, Hans H.; Wohlmuth, Karl (eds.): China in der China Monthly Data. Political and Economic Data & Bibli­ Encompassing Knowledge: SOAS, University o f London, Weltwirtschaft, MIA 271, Hamburg 1996, 287 pp., ography on the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong DM 38.00 IrtdigcnousEngdopedias in Indonesia Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, Kong and Macau (monthly periodical), DM 60.00 plus Schubert, Gunter; Schneider, Axel (eds.): Taiwan an der postage (subscription per year) in the t7th-2oth Centuries. London WCiH oXG, United Kingdom, Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert. Gesellschaftlicher Wandel, JAPAN. Wirtschaft, Politik, Gesellschaft (bi-monthly Probleme und Perspektiven eines asiatischen Schwellen- Prof Dr Bernard Arps, Department of Tel: +44-171-3236146, periodical, DM 120.00 plus postage (subscription per landes, MIA 270, Hamburg 1996, 338 pp., DM 38.00 Languages and Cultures of Southeast fax: +44-171-3236046, year) Neumann, Clas: Wirtschaftsraum Südwestchina. Das Tor Asia and Oceania, University o f Leiden, e-mail: [email protected] SÜDOSTASIEN aktuell (bi-monthly periodical), DM 106.00 plus postage (subscription per year) Chinas nach Südostasien?, MIA 269, Hamburg 1996, P.0 . Box 9515,2300 RA Leiden, Köllner, Patrick (ed.): Korea 1996. Politik, Wirtschaft, 237 pp., DM 34.00 Weggel, Oskar: Das nachrevolutionire China. Mit konfu- The Netherlands. Gesellschaft, Hamburg 1996, 299 pp., DM 38.00 Nieh, Yu-Hsi (comp.): Bibliography of Chinese Studies zianischen Spielregeln ins 21. Jahrhundert?, MIA 267, Tel: +31-71-527.2222/527.2418 11-13 June 1998 1995. Selected Articles on China in Chinese, English and Hamburg 1996, 372 pp., DM 48.00 Copenhagen, Denemarken German, Hamburg 1996, 137 pp., DM 18.00 (earlier Heilmann, Sebastian: Das politische System der VR China issues available) im Wandel, MIA 265, Hamburg 1996 (Reprint 1997), Time in Modem Asia and Society Ostasiatischer Verein e.V.; Institut fiir Asienkunde (eds.): 176 pp., DM 28.00 16 - 23 December 1997 Prof R. Cribb, Dr I. Reader, Wirtschaftshandbuch Alien - Paziflk 1996, Hamburg Heuser, Robert (ed.): Wirtschaftsreform und Gesetzgebung Patna, Bihar, India Dr B. Bakken, NIAS, Leifsgade 33, 1996, 640 pp., DM 98.00 (earlier issues available) in der Volksrepublik China. Texte und Kommentare, Pohl, Manfred (ed.): Japan 1995/96. Politik und Wirtschaft, MIA 264, Hamburg 1996, 515 pp., DM 68.00 Bihar in the World DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark, Hamburg 1996, 281 pp., DM 38.00 (earlier issues Geist, Beate: Die Modernisierung der chinesischen Kultur. Dr Kathinka Sinha-Kerkhoff, tel: +45-31548844, fax: +45-32962530, available) Kulturdebatte und kultureller Wandel im China der 80er Jahre, MIA 263, Hamburg 1996, 324 pp., DM 38.00 State Resource Centre ADRI, e-mail: [email protected] Monographs Maurer, Jürgen: Taiwan in den Internationalen Beziehun- B.S.I.D.C. Colony, Off Boring Paliputra gen, MIA 259, Hamburg 1996, 268 pp., DM 36.00 GENERAL Road, Patna - 800 013, India, Hoppe, Thomas: Die ethnischen Gruppen Xinjiangs: Kul- turunterschiede und interethnische Beziehungen, MIA tel: +91-651-4555434/ 205790(0), 30 August-2 September Eilenberger, Guido; Mols, Manfred; Rüland, Jürgen (eds.): Kooperation, Regionalismus und Integration im 258, Hamburg 1995 (Reprint 1996), 564 pp., fax: +9i-6i2-265649/+9i-65i-5022i4. 1998 asiatisch-paziflschen Raum, MIA 266, Hamburg 1996, DM 68.00 Dr Arvind Das, Asia Pacific Hamburg, Germany 219 pp., DM 28.00 SOUTH ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Communication Associates, Delhi, Religious Diffusion and Cultural Exchange Pape, Wolfgang (ed.): Shaping Factors in East Asia by the Year 2000 and beyond. A Study for the European Com­ India; Dr Shaibal Gupta, State Resource Dr B.J. Terwiel, Universitat Hamburg, mission, Hamburg 1996, 260 pp., DM 38.00 Schwinghammer, Eva: Neue Wirtschaftskonzepte in Indo- nesien und Malaysia. Voraussetzungen und Auswirkungen Centre ADRI, Patna, India; Seminar für Sprache und Kultur Chinas, Weggel, Oskar: Die Asiaten. Gesellschaftsordnungen, Wirt- schaftssysteme, Denkformen, Glaubensweisen, Ailtagsle- im Vergleich, MIA 278, Hamburg 1997, 341 pp., Drs Paul Streumer, University of Abteilung Thailand Burma u. ben, Verhaltensstile, München 1997, 361 pp., DM 48.00 Utrecht, The Netherlands Indochina, Von-Melle-Park 6, DM 19.90 Bronger, Dirk; Strelow, Marcus: Manila - Bangkok - Seoul. Regionalentwicklung und Raumwirtschaftspolitik in den 2 Hamburg 13, Germany, CHINA Philippinen, Thailand und Südkorea, MIA 272, Ham­ tel: +49-40-41233675, burg 1996, 473 pp., DM 68.00 Hoppe, Thomas: Tibet heute. Aspekte einer komplexen Marty, Frank: Das Singapur-Johor-Riau-Wachstumsdreieck. 23 - 25 January 1998 fax: +49-40-41233106, Situation, MIA 281, Hamburg 1997, 168 pp., Eine Studie zur Strategie des transnationalen Wirtschafts- Zushi, Japan e-mail: DM 28.00 raums, MIA 268, Hamburg 1996, 255 pp., DM 34.00 Döring, Ole: Technischer Fortschritt und kulturelle Werte Wichmann, Peter: Die politischen Perspektiven der ASEAN. Asian concepts o f comprehensive security [email protected] in China. Humangenetik und Ethik in Taiwan, Hongkong Subregionale Integration Oder supraregionale Kooperati­ their impiications/orEurope und der VoUtsrepublik China, MIA 280, Hamburg 1997, and on, MIA 262, Hamburg 1996, 116 pp„ DM 28.00 137 pp., DM 28.00 Dr Kurt W. Radtke, Leiden University, Raszelenberg, Patrick; Schier, Peter; Wong, Jeffry G.: Trampeaach, Tim: Bonn und Peking: Die wechselseitige The Cambodia Conflict: Search for a Settlement, 1979- Faculty of Arts, Centre for Japanese and May or M i d-Septem be r Einbindung in auBenpolitische Strategien 1949-1990, MIA 1991. An Analytical Chronology, MIA 241, Hamburg Korean Studies, P.0 . Box 9515, 1998 279, Hamburg 1997, 254 pp., DM 36.00 Hebei, Jutta: Chinesische Staatsbetriebe zwischen Plan und 1995 (Reprint 1996), 605 pp., DM 66.00 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands, Aix-en-Provence, France Markt. Von der "Danwei" zum Wirtschaftsunternehmen, Schultze, Michael: Die Geschichte von Laos. Von den An- tel: +31-71-5272539, fax: +31-71-5272215, First International Workshop on MIA 277, Hamburg 1997, 483 pp., DM 68.00 fangen bis zum Beginn der neunziger Jahre, MIA 236, Heuser, Robert; Weigend, Thomas: Das Strafprozelige- Hamburg 1994 (Reprint 1996), 204 pp., DM 34.00 e-mail: [email protected]. the Hmong/Miao in Asia setz der Volksrepublik China in vergleichender Perspekti- Dormer, Wolf: Lebensraum Nepal. Eine Entwicklungsgeo- Dr Raymond Feddema, University of Dr J. Michaud, University of Hull, ve, MIA 276, Hamburg 1997, 223 pp., DM 28.00 graphie, MIA 226, Hamburg 1994 (Reprint 1996), 728 Amsterdam, Modern Asian History, Centre for South-East Asian Studies, Weggel, Oskar: Alltag in China. NeuerungsansStze und pp., DM 68.00 Tradition, MIA 275, Hamburg 1997, 273 pp., Oudezijds Achterburgwal 237, Hull HU67RX, United Kingdom, DM 38.00 To be ordered from 1012 DL Amsterdam, the Netherlands, tel: +44-1482-465758, Müller, Sven-Uwe: Konzeptionen der Menschenrechte im China des 20. Jahrhunderts, MIA 274, Hamburg 1997, Institut für Asienkunde tel: +31-20-5252121/3090, fax: +44-1482-465758, 367 pp., DM 48.00 Rothenbaumchaussee 32 * D-20148 Hamburg fax: +31-20-5252100 e-mail: [email protected]. Scharping, Thomas; Sun, Huaiyang (eds.); Schulze, Wal­ Tel.: (040) 44 30 01-03 ' Fax: (040) 410 79 45 DrC. Culas, IRSEA - CNRS, ter; Jia, Tongjin; Chen, Runtian: Migration in China's Guangdong Province. Major Results of a 1993 Sample E-Mail: [email protected] 389, Avenu du Club Hippique, Survey on Migrants and Floating Population in Shenzhen Homepage (Activities and List of Publications): February 1998 13034 Aix-en-Provence, Cedex 2, France, and Foshan, MIA 273, Hamburg 1997, 163 pp., http://bicc.uni-bonn.de/coop/flv/duei/duei.html DM 28.00 Laguna, the Philippines tel: +33-442-951650, Local Management o f Natural Resources fax: +33-442-208210, in Asia: A Comparative Perspective e-mail: [email protected]

4 8 • HAS NEWSLETTER N2 14 • Autumn 1 pp7 EAJ S NEWS BASAS NEWS

27 ► 30 AUGUST 1997 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY The CSA-BASAS The Eighth Conference Prize for of the European Young South Association for Japanese Asia Scholars

Contemporary South Asia (CSA) and the British Association of Studies (EAJS) South Asian Studies (BASAS) announce the establishm ent o f a joint prize for the most outstanding paper given by a young scholar at the 1998 BASAS Annual Conference. The CSA-BASAS The 8th Conference of the European Association for Japanese ‘History, Politics and International Prize will consist of a monterary award of £ 100,00 and publi­ Studies (EAJS) was held in Budapest from 27-30 August. The Relations’ had as its central theme cation in Contemporary South Asia. opening ceremony was a remarkable event, at which the Nobel ‘The Japanese and Europe: historical Prize Winner for Literature, Oe Kenzaburo, and the president and contemporary perceptions’, with mi ; A s t^le CSA-BASAS o f Hungary, Arpad Göncz, were the most prominent speakers. a special focus on Eastern Europe and Z A Prize is intended Japan, as well as on the Meiji-period Z 1 to encourage the cifically. The papers discussed urban Iwakura Mission. Many papers in this BHHl submission of work by ■ By MARGARITA WINKEL planning projects and the role of local section dealt with Meiji-period con­ young scholars, the au­ ~r n his keynote speech, organizations in shaping urban ceptions of Europe. thor of any paper sub­ I Oe Kenzaburo ar- space. In special meetings on ‘Visions The section ‘Religion, Thought, and mitted must be studying for a degree JL gued that close inter­ of the City’ and ‘Architectural and History of Ideas’ took ‘Visions of Fu­ in an institution of higher learning action on the basis of Urban Space’ the contributions were ture’ as its leading subject and the pa­ and/or be no older than 35 at the equality between Japa­ of a more theoretical, philosophical pers dealt with Buddhist and Shinto­ time of the 1998 BASAS Annual Con­ nese and foreign scholars nature. ist conceptions, with ideas of death ference. The author need not be a of Japan is an important way to pre­ In the section on ‘Linguistics and and retribution as well as with indi­ member of BASAS. vent nationalistic tendencies among Language Teaching’ most papers dis­ vidual Utopian thinkers. Most papers Japanese scholars and to counteract cussed linguistic research on several were of a historical nature, but some Who is eligible? feelings of cultural superiority among aspects of both spoken and written discussed contemporary Japan. To be eligible, a paper should focus foreign scholars. modern Japanese. Other papers dealt on the theoretical and/or practical The fact that the EAJS conference with practical issues of language ac­ Academic roots means by which our understanding now took place in Hungary reflects quisition and language teaching. On the final day, a panel discus­ of the present problems of co-opera­ the growing participation of mem­ About half of the papers of the ‘Lite­ sion on ‘The Future of Japanese Stu­ tion and confrontation in South bers from former communist coun­ rature’ section were part of three pan­ dies’ was held. The main topic, to Asia, its constituent states of Bangla­ tries. From June 1989 to August 1997, els; ‘Reception and Narrative’, ‘Hyper­ cite the words of the convener Ian desh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, EAJS membership has increased from conscious Body Language: New Con­ Reader in a recent article, was: Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, or the 253 to 724 individuals. The number of figurations of Gender, Sexuality and ‘...where are my academic roots and South Asian diaspora can be en­ members from former communist the Body in Japanese Women’s Fiction loyalties really based? Are they in the hanced. Papers may address issues countries has risen from 27 to 110, in the 1990’s’, and ‘Poetic Production study of a specific country and cul­ relevant to the Arts, Humanities or while the number of non-European and Literary Audiences in Classical ture, or in a disciplinary area...?’ Social Sciences. Contacts for further detail: members now totals 186 persons. and Medieval Japan’. Most contribu­ (Japan Forum 7(1), 1995, p.107). Panel­ In addition, papers must: When considered per country, re­ tions both within and outside the lists from Hungary, Turkey, France, - not have been presented elsewhere DR APURBA KUNDU markably, Japan now comes first with context of these panels took pre-mod­ Australia, Germany, and the United or published previously; Managing Editor 132 members, followed by Germany ern literature as their subject. States gave an indication of the aca­ - conform to the length and style Contemporary South Asia (115), Britain (57), the United States In ‘Visual and Performing Arts’, demic organization, the popularity, described in CSA’s ‘Notes for Con­ Department of Social and (48), and Italy (40)*. performing arts were a dominant and future perspectives of Japanese tributor’s’ and/or available separ­ Economic Studies At the General Assembly, where subject. No and Kabuki theatre, as Studies in their countries. Although ately from its Managing Editor; University of Bradford new council members were intro­ well as street performers, were con­ local circumstances differed consid­ - be submitted in advance to CSA’s Bradford BD7 I DP, UK duced and the past years reviewed, sidered in both historical and con­ erably, there seemed to be one gener­ Managing Editor to arrive no later Tel: +44-I274-38S 046 some important issues regarding the temporary contexts. In relation to vis­ al trend: a student boom since the than 15 March 1998; and Fax: +44-I274-38S 295 future character of the association ual arts there were several contribu­ 1980s. Most students however, have - be presented at the BASAS Annual E-mail: [email protected] were also raised. Should there be lim­ tions on modern manga (comics). Re­ no academic interest in Japan but Confenrence to be held 17-19 April its to membership growth? Should markably, the traditional art history study Japanese for economic reasons. 1998 at the University of Manches­ DR YUNAS SAMAD the triennial general conferences con­ papers were completely absent this As to the academic future of Japanese ter, UK. BASAS Secretary tinue in this form or would a combi­ time. Studies the Turkish and Hungarian Department of Social and nation of smaller workshops and, per­ The ‘Anthropology and Sociology’ representatives held the most posi­ Ju dgem en t Economic Studies haps less frequent, large-scale general section had made ‘Japan outside tive view. They regarded their posi­ The judging panel will consist of University of Bradford meetings be preferable? Association Japan’ as its central theme. Some fo­ tion as academically remote coun­ an equal number of selected editors Bradford BD7 I DP members were encouraged to contin­ cused on the behaviour and attitudes tries as something which might be of CSA and executive board members UK ue discussing these issues on the EAJS of Japanese expatriates, while others advantageous in the future, because of BASAS. The panel reserves the Tel:+44-1274-385 804 web page. had studied foreign adoption and ad­ they may be in the best position to right not to present the award and Fax: +44-1274-385 295 aptation of Japanese religious move­ (re)introduce fruitful research topics will not enter into correspondence E-mail: [email protected] There were over 500 participants at ments, popular music, and martial and strategies which have been ne­ concerning its final judgement. At the conference, and at the eight differ­ arts. glected or forgotten by the main­ the discretion of the judging panel, DR BOBBY SAYYID ent sections more than 180 papers Most papers in the ‘Economics, Ec­ stream Japanese Studies centres in papers entered for the prize and fail­ 1998 BASAS Annual were presented. Most sections had in­ onomic and Social History’ section the West. ■ ing to win but deemed of sufficient Conference organizer vited prominent Japanese scholars as also considered Japan from an inter­ merit may also be published in Cott- Department of Sociology guest speakers. The following descrip­ national perspective. The central * The figures on membership were kind­ temporaiy South Asia. ■ University of Manchester tion may give a general impression of theme was ‘Knowledge Creation and ly provided by A. Ragegast of the EAJS Manchester M13 9PL the versatile nature of contemporary Knowledge Transfer in Economic and office in Duisburg. I also wish to UK Japanese Studies. Social Development’. The participants thank L. Dolce, I. Smits, and E. de Tel:+44-161-275 2461 In the ‘Urban and Environmental compared Japan to other countries or Poorter/or their helpful comments on Fax: +44-161-275 2514 Studies’ section the general theme considered Japanese economic activi­ this report. E-mail: [email protected] was cultural, architectural, and ties abroad. A workshop on ‘The Japa­ urban heritage in the transformation nese employment system in transi­ Margarita Winkel CSA: of Japanese cities, and transforma­ tion' discussed problems like the ([email protected]) is a CNWS http://www.carfax.co.uk/csa-ad.htm tions in landscape, urban structure, aging work force and the globaliza­ research assistant attached to the Centre local urban districts, local cities, and tion of Japanese industrial produc­ for Japanese and Korean Studies, BASAS: urban planning were considered spe­ tion. Leiden University http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/ses/basas I .html

Autumn 1997 • iias newsletter NS14 • 4 9 I C A S NEWS / AAS NEWS

25 >• 28 JUNE 1998 Pre-Registration Hotel Leeuwenhorst There is only a limited number o f NOORDWIJKERHOUT, THE NETHERLANDS All ICAS participants are required The Leeuwenhorst has a small rooms available at the Leeuwen­ to pre-register before 15 January hotel with single and double rooms. horst. Room assignment is on a 'first 1998. Participants who do not regis­ Each room has a bath and/or shower, come, first serve’ basis. For reserva­ UpdatelCAS ter before the deadline cannot be in­ toilet, telephone, television and tions and information, contact cluded in the ICAS Programme Book. J radio (the voltage is 220V 50H). Helga Lasschuijt at the ICAS secre­ Registration forms are available via The hotel has a Fitness Centre fea­ tariat. Reservation forms are availa­ the ICAS website or the ICAS secretar­ turing a full-size indoor swimming ble via the ICAS webpage as well. ■ International iat. ICAS auditors and those who w ill pool, tennis and squash courts, a attend but w ill not present a paper sauna, whirlpool, etc. The beach is can register at a reduced fee before 15 just a short ride through the dunes April 1998. Registration forms for au­ away and bikes are available for free. Convention of ditors w ill be available in the ICAS Supplement o f the HAS Newsletter 15 The ICAS Organizing Committee (15 February 1998) and via the ICAS has arranged a special ICAS Package, website. which includes three nights (Thurs- Asia Scholars day-Friday-Saturday), inch breakfast, Pre-Registration Fees* lunch and dinner:

In the past couple o f years the AAS and the HAS have been en­ Members AAS/Europecm Single room: * All prices include tax. gaged in a number of activities which to further the interna­ Assoriatiort/NVAPS: dfl. 800 / US$ 450* tionalizing process o f Asian Studies. Resulting from this co­ dfl. 140 / US$ 75 ICAS SECRETARIAT operation is the International Convention of Asia Scholars Double room: Helga Lasschuijt (ICAS) to be held in the Netherlands. The convention is a joint Students Members: dfl. 1,400 /US$ 800* Project Co-ordinator venture o f the AAS and the European Science Foundation Asia dfl. 90 / US$ 50 c/o IIAS Committee in co-operation with the six European Asian Stu­ Extra nights (including meals) PO Box 9515 dies associations. The HAS organizes the convention which is Non-Member: cost an additional 2300 RA Leiden to be h eld fro m Thursday 25 - Sunday 28 June 1998 in the Leeu­ dfl. 190 / US$ 100 dfl. 250 / US$ 140 The Netherlands wenhorst Convention Centre in Noord wijkerhout, the per night/or a single room and Fax:+3 I -7 1-527 4 1 62 Netherlands. Other than one or two plenary sessions, the for­ Student Non-Member: dfl. 400 / US$ 250 E-mail: [email protected] mal programme is devoted to concurrent sessions of various dfl. 140 / US$ 75 for a double room.* W W W Homepage: sorts. Some o f these are organized by committees w ithin parti­ http://iias.leidenuniv.nl/conferences/icas cipating associations or by the Programme Committee. Most, Registration after 15 April 1998 however, are selected from proposals from the field. costs an extra: dfl. 45 / US$ 25 ■ By HELGA LASSCHUIJT & PAUL VAN DER VELDE AAS Update r I 1 he ICAS, which vember 1997). In December the de­ Informal Programme I was launched finitive selection o f presentations Proposals for meetings in conjunc­ J - during the An­ w ill be announced. A list o f selected tion w ith the conference, screening This series has long been recognized ■ By MICHAEL PASCHAL nual Meeting of the AAS panels, roundtables, papers, and pos­ o f videos or films, book presenta­ as the most important record o f re­ in Chicago, March 1997, ters can be consulted via the ICAS tions, etc. can still be submitted. The A s the autumn sea- search and scholarly literature on has provoked many reac­ Website (see abstracts). A provisional deadline for proposals for this infor­ Z A son approaches, Asia written in western languages. It tions from the field. There is a grow­ programme w ill be published in the mal programme is 1 February 1998. 1. A. the AAS staff are is available directly from the AAS. ing awareness that something • ■ ■ ICAS Supplement in the IIASN 15, The ICAS Organizing Committee ■ ■ ■ entering the busiest time * ■ ■ should be done about organizational which is due for release on 15 Febru­ is working hard to make the ICAS ■ ■ ■ o f year. Foremost on our E lec tro n ic access aspects o f such major conferences in ary 1998. worthwhile for everyone. In the pro­ agenda are preparations We also are in the process o f im ­ order to increase their academic out­ visional informal programme are for the 50th annual meeting, which proving our electronic access. Specifi­ put. To avoid self-contained scholas­ Interactive Abstracts poetry readings, dance and music w ill be held March 26-29, 1998 in cally, the AAS has decided to host its ticism, the ICAS has opted for cross- a n d Discussion Lists performances, art exhibitions, and Washington, DC. The Program Com­ own website, and we expect to have it regional, multi-disciplinary panels Due to the large number o f ab­ the première o f a film produced by mittee o f the AAS recently met in Ann up and functioning shortly. We an­ which w ill assure a high degree o f stracts and the high production the Netherlands Film Museum. Arbor to select and schedule panels for ticipate being able to offer a greater intellectual fluidity. An equally im­ costs o f an abstract book, the Orga­ the meeting’s formal programme. degree o f interactive features such as portant characteristic o f the ICAS nizing Committee of the ICAS has Exhibition a n d The Committee assembled a total of online conference registration, publi­ w ill be the integration o f academic decided not to publish an abstract Advertisements 199 panels and roundtables for inclu­ cation ordering etc. In the meantime, and non-academic spheres and this book. Instead, you can tailor your The light and spacious Atrium of sion in the programme from a field of we are very grateful to the East Asian w ill be achieved by simultaneously own abstract book from the ICAS the Leeuwenhorst is an excellent 461 submitted propoals. The panels Studies Center at Indiana University organizing manifestations about website. A ll abstracts w ill be availa­ venue for an exhibition. The ICAS ex­ cover a wide range of topics, disci­ (and Jason Lewis and Paul Banning in Asia to which non-specilaists w ill be ble as o f 15 December 1997. In June hibition opens on Friday morning plines, and geographical areas as re­ particular) for hosting the AAS home- welcome. Another feature o f the 1998, you can also get the abstracts 09.00 a.m. and closes on Sunday af­ flected in the diversity o f AAS mem­ page the last few years and helping Convention w ill be its perpetuation from the Cyber-Corner at the confer­ ternoon t7:oo p.m. The Atrium can bership. the AAS to modernize its services. by electronic discussion lists consist­ ence centre in Nordwijkerhout. The host a maximum o f 52 stands o f 3 x 3 In addition, the annual meeting ing o f the panel members and others ICAS is launching another technical meters. The rental fee o f one stand is w ill include numerous meetings-in- Finally, the AAS soon w ill be leav­ interested parties. experiment aimed at improving pre­ dfl. 1200 or US$ 650. conj unction for related and affiliated ing its long-time home in Lane Hall Electronic forms were available convention communication and dis­ The IIAS Newsletter, which is due groups involved in Asian Studies; an due to building renovation scheduled through the ICAS website. After cussion not only amongst panellists, for release on 15 Febraury 1997, fea­ exhibit hall consisting primarily of early next year. Details have yet to be some technical problems were sol­ but also amongst other people who tures a special ICAS Bulletin. This publishers dealing with Asian works; finalized but we expect to be located ved, this proved to be a huge success. are interested in the topic. Every bulletin includes a list o f panels, a placement service; continuous in other University of Michigan Two-thirds of the total amount of panel w ill be connected to a public roundtable discussions, papers and showings o f Asian videos; an awards property nearby. As w ith any move, proposals were submitted electron­ discussion list on the ICAS website, posters. It is possible to advertise in ceremony, Presidential address; and there is a certain degree o f reluctance ically. We found that o f all panel or­ which will be monitored by the this section. various other activities. toward leaving (which might be diffi­ ganizers, only three were not yet panel organizers. The ICAS Programme Book is Our Washington meetings are al­ cult for those who have visited our connected to the Net. The Organiz­ We feel that this w ill increase both available in hard copy and on the ways very well attended, and we an­ old office over the years to under­ ing Committee is therefore commu­ the input and output o f the conven­ ICAS website. The hard copy o f the ticipate more than 3000 scholars and stand) but we hope our new home nicating w ith the panel organizers tion. Imagine: a hundred current Programme Book is free o f charge others interested in Asia w ill be pre­ w ill be as comfortable and productive prim arily via E-mail. It is clear that topics in the field o f Asian Studies and w ill be distributed at the confer­ sent. We would like to take this op­ a work space as our old. New postal now and in the future, organizing discussed by specialists on a day to ence. Participants who have pre-reg- portunity to issue a cordial invitation and electronic addresses w ill be pub­ major conferences o f this type can day basis! Although plans are still at istered before April 15 and have no to our colleagues from Europe and licized soon. ■ only be managed efficiently via this a preliminary stage, the Organizing access to the ICAS website , can put a other areas o f the world to join us in time-effective medium. Committee is considering to pub­ request for a hard copy at the ICAS Washington for what promises to be To date (1 November r997), we lish, in view of the wealth of antici­ secretariat. It is possible to advertise an exciting and informative pro­ THE ASSOCIATION FOR ASIAN have received applications for t5o pated contents, all the ICAS proceed­ in the ICAS Programme Book. gramme. STUDIES (AAS) sessions and roundtable proposals. ings. This w ill be done electronically We w ill offer special discounts for I Lane Hall In addition to this, we have received and probably in co-operation w ith combined advertisements (booth Bibliography The University o f Michigan more than a hundred individual one main electronic publisher. Sum­ rental, ICAS supplement, ICAS pro­ The 1991 Bibliography o f Asian Ann Arbor. Michigan 48109, USA presentation proposals (posters and maries o f the articles could be ob­ gramme book). For reservations and Studies (BAS) has just been published. Tel:+ 1-313-6652490 papers). These w ill be evaluated by tained free o f charge but there w ill information about rates please con­ This latest issue contains more than Fax: + 1-313-6653801 I the Programme Committee during be a charge for the downloading o f tact Helga Lasschuijt at the address 37,000 entries on 788 pages, arranged E-mail: [email protected] ! their meeting in Leiden (21-23 No­ integral articles. below. by geographical area and subject. Internet: http://www.aasianst.org

5 0 • IIAS NEWSLETTER N? 14 ■ Autum n 1997 NVAPS NEWS

4 OCTOBER 1 997 I is the role of Dutch/Flemish Asia- UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS nists therein; what is the possible NVAPS CONGRESS role of the NVAPS etc. In the next issue of this newsletter you will find a summary of rhe outcome of this forum and a report about the ten j sessions which were held. There Mobility | were sessions on the role of free­ lance researchers in Asian Studies (the participants decided to set up a network), the city in Asia, cultural in Asia and and intellectual property rights, and the ritual as medium in pre-modern the Pacific Asia. Paul Streum er (left- ACE Education) The Nederlandse Vereniging voor Azië en Pacific Studies and Steven van der Waal (right- (NVAPS Netherlands Association for Asian and Pacific Studies) De Brauw, Blackstone & Westbroek] held its first congress, Mobility in Asia and the Pacific, in the presenting the session Scholarship Beatrix Building of the Jaarbeurs (a conference centre) in the and Business centrally located town o f Utrecht. The NVAPS was founded last year and this was the first major event organized in its name. With ten scientific sessions on all kinds of topics on voiced e.g. the choice of the building Asia, a forum about the future of Asian and Pacific Studies, five and there were questions about the book presentations, a China photo exhibition by the renow­ statutes, and the house rules. One of ned photographer Vincent Mentzel, a video presentation, an the Belgian members suggested the exhibition space where publishers and institutes presented organization to be renamed Dutch- their books, the congress was considered a useful event by Flemish Association of Asian and Pa­ most of the 150 attendants. cific Studies. To address all these re­ marks the meeting decided to ap­ point a commission of wise (wo)men which will advise the provisional The smallest and cosiest session: Mobility and Family board on all the points raised during the meeting.

Membership Meeting There was a reasonable attendance at the first meeting of members of the NVAPS and there were comments of various sorts of the members. Owing to a number of reasons, of which one was the heavy load of the organization of the congress which fell on the shoulders of a couple of members of the provisional Board of the NVAPS, the official meeting had to be postponed until February 1598. Dr I.B. Smits (Leiden University] and This did not stand in the way of a Prof. Dr F. Staal (University of California Berkeley] fruitful exchange of thoughts be-

~w" n his welcome speech, the chair- I man of the NVAPS, Paul van der J- Velde touched briefly on the his­ tory behind the birth of the NVAPS which came into being after the so- called working communities for Southeast and South Asia, which acted as advisory bodies for the Foundation of Scientific Research in the Tropics were abolished. At a tween the provisional Board and the Dutch Asian Studies Day meeting of these working communi­ members. The members criticized At the end of October of next year ties and other representatives of the composition of the provisional the Board of Governors of the Asia other regions of Asia in January 1996 board which should in their opinion Europe Foundation will have a one- a mandate was given to a task force have a more balanced composition of day meeting in the Netherlands to set up an association which, ge­ representatives of the different insti­ (probably in The Hague) during ographically speaking should cover tutes, regional, and disciplinary which a workshop on labour rela­ the whole area from the Pacific to backgrounds. Yet others were of the tions in Asia will be organized. In re­ the Bosporus, in which regional Congress staff (left to ri^ht): H elga Lasschutjt, Marc Lakkerwa, opinion that the provisional board, lation to this meeting the NVAPS, in multidisciplinary work groups Vincent van Breqgem and RemcoBeukers. which has ten members, is too big. co-operation with other organiza­ would have to be formed. The whole Helpfully all kinds of criticism were tions in the field of Asian Studies in idea is that these interact to break Forum and Sessions the Netherlands, will probably orga­ through regional and disciplinary The forum on the future of Asia nize a Dutch Asian Studies Day. borders. Most importantly the and Pacific Studies in the Nether­ Other non-Asia oriented organiza­ NVAPS should not become an exclu­ lands was chaired by L. Visser of the tions, such as the Historisch Plat­ sively scientific association but University of Amsterdam. The other form (Historical Platform), will also should have a broader societal orien­ six forum members broadly spe­ be asked to co-operate. ■ tation so as to offer a channel to the aking represented the research in­ burgeoning interest in Asia in the stitutes in the field of Asian Studies Netherlands. The association was in the Netherlands and Belgium. founded in August 1996 and in order Various themes were tackled: what to increase its profile it saw the orga­ is the influence of the international Speakers at the Future o fAsian nization of its first annual meeting political constellation on the way Studies in the Netherlands and as a priority. In 1998 more stress will Asianists acquire knowledge; is Flanders forum: (left to right] be placed on the intensification of there a typical Dutch/Flemish con­ Prof. M. Sparreboom (NWO), closer co-operation with other asso­ tribution to be made to to Asian Stu­ Dr. L.E. Visser (NVAPS) and ciations in the field and the forma­ dies or should we see this contribu­ Prof.M. van der W alle tion of working groups. tion in a European context and what (Catholic University o f Leuven]

Autumn 1997 • has newsletter W 14 • 5 1 VACANCIES

V acancy THE INTERNATIONAL HISTORY OF SOCIAL HISTORY (IISH) AND THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ASIAN STUDIES (MAS) SEEK: V acanaes 1 Research Fellow"’ specialized in the field of the Humanities or the Social Sciences THE DEPARTMENT OF ASIAN STUDIES CORNELL UNIVERSITY INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR A to work within the joint IISH/IIAS research programme ‘Changing Labour Relations in Contemporary Asia’. Six themes, that will also be explored in the Manilla Conference planned in October 1997, are: 1. Macro-level processes: strategies of capital and the state and Tenure-track position their impact on labour force formation and labour relations; 2. Changing labour markets and labour force formation. 3. Labour mobility at the assistant 4. The labour process 5. Labour consciousness professor level in 6. ‘Old’ and ‘New’ labour movements REQUIREMENTS/QUALIFICATIONS Applicants should: East Asian Religions - have a doctorate [PhD) based on research in the Humanities or the Social Sciences (regions: South Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia); Disciplinary specialization open, but candidate must be proficient in Chinese Buddhist texts, - have knowledge of labour relations, and their history. demonstrate a strong grounding in Chinese cultural contexts, and possess an ability to connect - have obtained the doctorate less than 5 years ago by the date of the deadline; Buddhism to a larger Asian milieu. Responsibilities will include both undergraduate and - be less than 40 years of age by the date of the deadline graduate teaching. Send letter of application, cv, three letters of reference, and writing sample(s) to Chair, Religion Search Committee, 388 Rockefeller Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853-2502. APPOINTMENT - as soon as possible - Evaluation of applications will begin November 15,1997. - for a maximum of 3 years with an evaluation at the end of each year

The text of the programme, including the six themes (selected provisionally) and application forms can be obtained from the HAS secretariat. Project coordinator is Dr Ratna Saptari (IISH), THE DEPARTMENT OF ASIAN STUDIES, CORNELL who can provide further information. She can be reached on Tuesdays and Fridays UNIVERSITY INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR A by tel. +31-20-668 5866, fax +31-20-665 4181, or e-mail: [email protected]. - Please use the official application forms only. - The forms should be accompanied by a research proposal of some 3,000 words. Tenure-track position at - The closing date for applications is 15 January 1998. HAS secretariat, P.O. Box 9515,2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. the assistant professor level Tel: +31-71-52 7 2227, Fax: +31-71-527 4162.

in pre-twentieth century AN DER FAKULTAT FÜR OSTASIENWISSENSCHAFTEN DER RUHR-UNIVERSITAT BOCHUM 1ST ZUM 1 APRIL 1998 EINE Chinese literature

Specialization open, including cultural studies, to teach an undergraduate education course C4 Professur on the China area in addition to specialized undergraduate and graduate-level courses.

Send letter of application, cv, three letters of reference, and writing sample(s) to Chair, Literature Search Committee, 388 Rockefeller Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853-2502. fur Koreanistik Evaluation of applications will begin November 15,1997.

ZU BESETZEN.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR A Von den Bewerberinnen und Bewerbern wird die Bereitschaft und Fahigkeit zur Vertretung der Koreanistik in Lehre und Forschung erwartet. Mellon Postdoctoral Fiir die Einstellungsvoraussetzungen gilt $ 49 UG des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; die zusatzlich geforderten wissenschaftlichen Leistungen werden durch eine Habilitation innerhalb des Fachgebietes oder in Ausnahmefallen durch gleichwertige, iiber die Promotion Fellowship hinausgehende wissenschaftliche Leistungen nachgewiesen. - Bewerberinnen und Bewerber werden gebeten, die üblichen Bewerbungsunterlagen bis zum 23 Januar 1998 an den Dekan der Fakultat fiir Ostasienwissenschaften der Ruhr-Universitat Asian Studies. Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Deutschland zu senden. Urkunden bitte nur als Kopie beilegen und Publikationen bitte erst nach ausdriicklicher Aufforderung einreichen. Literary and/or religious studies. - Die Ruhr-Universitat Bochum strebt die Erhöhung des Anteils von Frauen in Forschung und Lehre an und fordert geeignete Wissenschaftlerinnen ausdriicklich auf, sich zu Country or area of specialization open. We are especially interested in candidates who can bewerben. contribute to thinking about Asian studies across area and discipline, both at a theoretical level and in scholarly work with historical specificity. - Die Bewerbungen geeigneter Schwerbehinderter sind erwiinscht.

- For application information, contact Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowships, Cornell University, - Im Falie einer auslandischen Bewerberin / eines auslandischen Bewerbers geht die Fakultat A. D. White Center for the Humanities, 27 East Avenue, Ithaca, NY 14853-1101, davon aus, dass die Wissenschaftlerin / der Wissenschaftler nach einer Übergangszeit von tel. 607-255-9274, e-mail: [email protected]. Application deadline is January 3,1998. 2 Jahren beginnt, den Unterricht in Deutsch abzuhalten.

5 2 • HAS NEWSLETTER N?14 • Autumn 1997 VACANCIES

THE DEPARTMENT FOR ORIENTAL AND INDIAN STUDIES (SEMINAR FÜR ORIENTALISTIK UND INDOLOGIE), RUHR UNIVERSITY, BOCHUM (GERMANY) OFFERS THE FOLLOWING VACANCY TO BE FILLED EARLY IN 1998:

INFORMATION CARRIERS Head of the Junior Abera Publishing IDC Oelkersallee 11b P.O. Box 1 1205 D-22769 Hamburg 2301 EE Leiden Research Group G e rm a n y the Netherlands Tel. +49 40 434 042 Tel.+31 71 514 2700 Fax+49 40 4318 8157 Fax +31 71 513 1721 'Networks of Islamic Scholarship and Education in Local and Email: meyer@ abera.com Email: info@ idc.nl Transnational Contexts (i8th-2oth Centuries).’

Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, the group will focus on the utilization of social network models for Asian Rare Books Infoterm the description and analysis of transform ation processes in M uslim societies. It comprises four sub-projects 175 W. 93 rd Street Simmeringer Haupstrasse 24 of comparative research in Islamic education and scholarly culture in selected areas of the Islamic world. S u ite 16-D 1 110 Vienna, A ustria By its programme ‘Junior Research Groups at Universties’, the Volkswagen Foundation wants to provide New York, NY 10025-9344 Tel.+43 1 7404 0441 young and excellent scholars and scientists with the opportunity to organize their own independent research team. USA Fax +43 1 7404 0740 The post of the Head of the Research Group (BAT ta) is to be fdled for five years. His or her field of duties includes Tel. +1 212 316 3408 research in one sub-project, co-ordination and planning of the Group’s activities, and lecturing at the departm ent Fax +1 212 316 5334 (at least 2 hours per week). Email: arb@ m aestro.com - Application is open to young scholars of Islamic Studies or of Oriental Studies, Ottom an, Turkish or Iranian Http://www.columbia.edu/ Institute of Studies w ith an Islamological oerientation (age to 35 years, PhD). Applicants are required to have research cu/ccs/cuwl/clients/arb/ Netherlands History experience in Islam in Russia/Central Asia (relevant publications desirable) and a thorough knowledge of Arabic, P.O. Box 90755 Turkish, Persian, and Russian as well as German and English. 2509 LTThe Hague - Applications including the usual credentials and a sketch of the applicant’s research interests are to be sent until the Netherlands November 30th, to Professor Dr Stefan Reichmuth, Ruht-Universitat Bochum, Seminar fiir Orientalistik und Austrian A cadem y of Tel.+31 70 381 4771 Indologie, GB 2, Universitatsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. The Ruhr University seeks to promote Sciences Press Fax +31 70 385 4098 woman in research and instruction. Verlag der Oesterreichischen Email: rgp@ inghis.nl * Akademie der W issenschaften Http://www.konbib.nl/ing Postgasse 7/4 Postfach 471 THE CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDY IN THE VISUAL ARTS, A PART OF 1011 Vienna, Austria THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART, ANNOUNCES A PROGRAMME OF Tel.+43 1 5158 1402 Kegan Paul International Fax +43 1 5158 1400 P.O. Box 256

Email: verlag@ oeaw.ac.at LondonW CIB 3SW Http://www.oeaw.ac.at United Kingdom Visiting Senior Research Tel.+44 171 580 551 1 t F ax + 4 4 171 4 3 6 0 8 9 9 Email: books@ keganpau.demon.co.uk Gert Jan Bestebreurtje Http://www.demon.co.uk/keganpaul/ Fellowships Brigettenstraat 2 (Corner Nieuwegracht 42) P.O. Box 264, 3500 AJ U trecht for scholars from East and South Asia the Netherlands KITLV Press Tel.+31 30 231 9286 Leiden University Fax+31 30 234 3362 P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden The fellowships include a period of two m onths at the Center for research in W ashington libraries and collections, Http://iias.leidenuniv,nl/books/bestebr/ the Netherlands followed by an additional two m onths of travel to visit collections, libraries, and other institutions in the United Tel.+31 71 527 2372 States. Fax +31 71 527 2638 Email: kitlvpress@ rullet.leidenuniv.nl

QUALIFICATIONS AND SELECTION Charbo’s Antiquariaat Applicants will be considered for study in the history, archaeology, theory, and criticism of the visual arts Koninginneweg 79 (painting, sculpture, architecture, landscape architecture, urbanism, graphics, film, photography, decorative arts, 1075 CJ Amsterdam industrial design, and other arts) of any geographical area of any period. Applications are solicited from art the Netherlands Collection Makara historians, archaeologists, curators, and scholars in other disciplines who study artifacts and cultures. Tel.+31 20 676 1229 Spreeuwenstraat 141 These fellowships for advanced study are open to scholars from East and South Asia who hold appropriate degrees Fax +31 20 676 1726 3815 SR Am ersfoort in the field and/or possess an equivalent record of professional accomplishment. Knowledge of English is required. Http://iias.leidenuniv.nI/books/charbo/ the Netherlands Applications will be reviewed by a Selection Comm ittee composed of scholars in the field. Two Visiting Senior Tel.+31 33 472 7779 Research Fellowships will be awarded annually. Fax +31 70 324 3134

SUPPORT AND APPLICATION Curzon Press Ltd The fellows receive a stipend that includes travel, research, and housing expenses. The fellows are provided with IS The Quadrant a study and other privileges while in residence at the Center. The Center will provide letters of introduction to R ic h m o n d MMF Publications institutions and individuals in the United States. These fellowships are not renewable. SurreyTW 9 IBP P.O.Box 287,2160AG Lisse To apply, an application form or the equivalent m ust be subm itted. A complete application includes United Kingdom the Netherlands the following: a two to four-page research proposal, a tentative schedule of travel in the United States, a curriculum Tel.+44 181 948 4660 Tel.+31 252 417 250 vitae, and two letters of recommendation. The letters of recommendation should be sent directly to the Dean of Fax +44 181 332 6735 Fax +31 252 418 658 the Center, to arrive by the deadline (see below). These letters are confidential and will be destroyed after the selection Email: publish@ curzonpress.demon.co.uk Email: I003l5.3l5@ com puserve.com process. Application deadlines and award periods are as follows:

Award period: 1 September 1998 - 28 February 1999 Deadline: 21 M arch 1998 Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd Award period: 1 M arch 1999 - 31 A ugust 1999 38 King Street Deadline: 21 S ep tem b er 1998 Covent Garden London W C2E 8JZ - For further information and application forms, write to the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, United Kingdom N ational Gallery of Art, W ashington DC 20565, USA. Telephone: +1-202-8426482. Fax: +1-202-842-6733. Tel.+44 171 240 2666 E-mail: [email protected] Fax +44 171 240 2667 - Information on this fellowship programme and other fellowship programmes at the Center is available Email: hurst@ atlas.co.uk on the World Wide Web (http: //www.nga.gov/resources/casva.htm) Http://www.hurstpub.co.uk/

Autumn 1997 • iias newsletter n s 14 • 53 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AGENDA

19 29-30 December 1997 Paris, France Leiden, the Netherlands A gen d a Colloquium: Pakistan: Law and Development 50 Years after Independence in East and Southeast Asia 1 Hong Kong Christophe Jaffrelot, IIAS seminar convened 997 Hong Kong History and Hong Kong Centre d’Edtudes et de Recherches by Dr C. Antons Studies Conference Internationales, Fondation (La Trobe University, Melbourne], November 1997 Dr P.T. Lee, Centre o f Asian Studies, Nationale des Sciences Politique, Contact the IIAS. The University o f Hong Kong, 4 rue de Chevreuse, 75006 Paris, 1 9 - 21 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, France, Leiden, the Netherlands tel: +852-28592429, tel: +33-1-44108469, Leiden, the Netherlands The Pace o f Life in Southeast Asia fax: +852-25593185 fax: +33-1-40510399. The Formation and Dissemination o f and Pacific Asia Knowledge injapan and Europe: Dr Vincent Houben, 3-5 26-28 The Case o f Kaibara Ekiken (1630-1714) Dept, of Languages and Cultures of Tokyo, Japan Thane (near Bombay], India Prof W.J. Boot, Centre for Japanese Southeast Asia and Oceania, The 21st Intemaltional Symposium on The Second Enhanmaharashtra and Korean Studies, Leiden Leiden University, P.O. Box 9515, the Preservation of Cultural Property: P rachya Vidya Parishad University, P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands, The Present, and the Discipline Dr V.V. Bedekar, Prachya Vidya 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands, tel: +31-71-5272560, e-mail ofArt History injapan Abhyas Sanstha, M aharshi Karve te l:+31-71-5272539, [email protected] Planning Office; Japan Center for Path, Ghantali, Thane, Maharashtra, fax: +31-71-5272215, International Co-operation in Convenor: Dr H.T. Zurndorfer, India e-mail: [email protected] 2 0 - 22 Conservation, c/o Tokyo National Sinological Institute, P.O. Box 9515, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Research Institute of Cultural 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands, February 1998 Opting out o f the ‘Nation’, identic properties, 13-27 Ueno Park, fax: +31-71-5272615 Politics and Labour in Central, South Taito-ku, Tokyo 110, Japan, and West Asia, 1920s- 1990s tel: +81-3-38232245, 15 Correspondence address: fax: +81-3-38282434 London, UK Laguna, the Philippines Dr E. Ziircher, International Hong Kong in Transition 19 9 8 Local Management o f Natural Resources Institute for Social History, 5-7 Royal Institute of International in Asia: A Comparative Perspective Cruquiusweg 31, Singapore Affairs, SOAS, and the univerities of Dr G.A. Persoon, Centre of January 1998 1019 AT Amsterdam, Confucian Currents in japan and East Warwick, Leeds, and Keele. Environm ental Science, Leiden The Netherlands. Asia: 17-19th Centuries Contact: Dr R. Porter, Dept, of University, P.O. Box 9515, Tel. +31 20 668 5866, Dr Barry D. Steben, Dept, of Japanese Politics, Keele University, Keele, 3-5 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands, fax: +31 20 665 4181, Studies, N ational University of Staffordshire ST5 %bg England, Chicago, USA tel: +31-71-5277474, e-mail: [email protected] Singapore, Singapore 119260, tel: +44-1782-583448, Annual Meeting of the Associationfor fax: +31-71-5277496 or Dr P. Sajise, tel: +65-7726641, fax: +44-1782-613847, Economic and Development Studies SEARCA, UPLB Campus, 2 1 - 25 fax: +65-7761409, e-mail: [email protected] on Bangladesh Laguna 4031, the Philippines, Taipei, Taiwan e-mail: [email protected] Prof. M. Kabir Hassan, Dept, of tel: +63-94-5362380, 6th AWPNUC International 16-23 Economics and Finance, University fax: +63-2-8135697 Symposium: Retrospectives and 8-10 Patna Bihar, India o f New Orleans, New Orleans, Perspectives o f Grassroots Leiden. The Netherlands Bihar in the World LA 70148, USA, 3 Conservation Organizations Encompassing Knowledge: Dr Katinka Sinha-Kerkhoff, State tel: +1-504-2806163, Paris, France Conference Coordinator, Room 1108, Indigenous Encyclopedias in Indonesia Resource Centre, ADRI, B.S.I.D.C. fax: +1-504-2806397, The Democratization Process No 205; Tun Hwa S. Rd Sec. 1, Taipei, in the i7th-20th Centuries Colony, Off. Boring Paliputra Road, e-mail: [email protected] in Pakistan Taiwan ROC, tel: +886-2-7734568, Prof B. Arps, Dept, of Languages Patna - 800 014 India, Organized by CERI (Paris) and fax: +886-2-7402796, and Cultures of Southeast Asia tel: +91-651-4555434 / 205790 (0), 5-7 St. Antony College e-mail: [email protected] and Oceania, University of Leiden, fax: +91-651-502214. New Delhi, India (Oxford University). P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, International seminar on Co-ordinator: Christophe Jaffrelot, 2 2 - 23 The Netherlands, 18-19 Multilingualism Centre d’Edtudes et de Recherches Canberra, Australia tel: +31-71-527 2222 Liverpool, UK Prof. R.K. Agnihotri, Dept, of Internationales, Fondation Changing Malaysia: Postcolonial Capitals o f South Asia: Linguistics, University of Delhi, Nationale des Sciences Politique, Past Perspectives, New Horizons 8-11 A Critical Analysis of Chandigarh, Delhi 110007, India, 4 rue de Chevreuse, 75006 Paris, Prof. Anthony Reid, Malaysia Jakarta/Depok, Indonesia Dhaka, and Islamabad fax: +91-11-2946150, France, Society, RSPAS, ANU, New Directions in Indonesian Prof. Moss Madden, Dept, of Civic e-mail: [email protected] rel: +33-1-44108469, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Social Histoiy: Sources, Methods Design, University of Liverpool, fax: +33-1-40510399. e-mail: [email protected] and Comparisons P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK, 9-11 Kasijanto, Post Graduate Program tel: +44-151-7943114, International seminar 14-16 2 6 - 2 9 o f History, c/o Faculty of Letters, fax+44-151-7943125, on Agreement San Diego, USA Palmerston North, University of Indonesia, e-mail: [email protected] K.V. Subbarao, Dept, of Linguistics, Competing Modernities in Twentieth New Zealand Depok 16424, Indonesia, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, Centuryjapan (II): Empires, Cultures, 12th New Zealand International tel: +6 2-21-7871757, 18-20 India, fax: +91-11-2946150, Identities, 1930-1960 Conference on Asian Studies fax: +62-21-7270038 or Rotterdam, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] Dr Germaine Hoston, Center for Dr Wanda Anasz, Dept, of East Asian Henk Schulte Nordholt, The History o f North Indian Music: Democratization and Economic Studies, Massey University, Centre ofd Asian Studies Amsterdam i4th-20th Centuries 23-25 Development, Dept, of Political Palmerston North, New Zealand, (CASA), Oude H oogstraat 2, Organized by the HAS and Zushi, Japan Sciences 0521, University of tel: +64-6-3505369, 1012 CE Amsterdam, the Rotterdam Conservatory. Asian concepts o f comprehensive security California San Diego, 301 Social fax: +64-6-3502271, tel: +31-20-5252519 Contact: Jane Harvey, Rotterdam and their implications fo r Europe Science Building, 9500 Gilman Dr, e-mail: [email protected] Conservatory, World Music Dr Kurt W. Radtke, Leiden La Jolla CA 92093-0521, USA, 8-12 departm ent Pieter de Hoochweg 222, University, Faculty of Arts, Centre tel: +1-619-5347376, 2 7 - 29 Briihl, Germany 3024 BJ Rotterdam, the Netherlands, for Japanese and Korean Studies, fax: +1-619-5381179, Paris, France Perspektiven westlicher Chinapolitik: tel: +31-10-4767399, P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, e-mail: [email protected], The Lhasa Valley: Optionen, Dejlzite, Kontroversen fax: +31-10-4253262. the N etherlands, tel: +31-71-5272539, Internet: History, Conservation and Ost-West Kolleg, fax: +31-71-5272215, http://weber.ucsd.edu/~ghoston Modernisation in Tibetan Architecture Willy Brandt Strasse 1, 18-2 January e-mail: Dr H eather Stoddard, 50321 Brühl, Germany, Taipei, Taiwan [email protected] 21-23 Institut national des languages et tel: +49-2232-9298250, Eighth International Conference Canberra, Australia civilisations orientales, fax: +49-2232-9299020 on Austronesian Linguistics 28-30 Electronic identites in East Asia: CNRS URA 1229,127 rue de Sèvres, Prof Paul J.K. Li, Academia Sinica, Quezon City, the Philippines Media, Culture and Diaspora Paris 75006 France, 11-12 Taipei, fax: +886-2-7868834, Southeast Asia in the 20th Century Morris Low, Pacific and Asian tel/fax: +33-1-45679503 Leiden, the Netherlands e-mail: The conference secretariat on SEA in History, RSPAS, ANU, History, Modernity, and [email protected] the 20th century, c/o The Third Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Economic/Social Development in World Studies Center, College of e-amil: [email protected] the Premodem World: Social Sciences and Philosophy, Dialogue across Civilizations University of the Philippines at Symposium in celebration of forty Diliman, Quezon City 1101, years of publication of the ‘Journal the Philippines, of the Economic and Social History tel/fax: +632-9205428 / 9263486, of the Orient’. e-mail: [email protected]

5 4 • IIAS newsletter NS 14 • Autumn 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AGENDA

25-28 23-28 eptember April 1998 S 1998 New Delhi, India Noord wijkerhout, identity, Locality and Globalization A gen d a the Netherlands 3 -6 Dr E.B. Locher-Scholten, University 2 - 4 First International Convention Hamburg, Germany ofUtrecht, Faculty of Geographical London, UK o f Asian Scholars (AAS / IIAS) Second EUROSEAS Conference Sciences, P.O.Box 80115, The Economies o f Southeast Asia in Helga Lasschuijt, ILAS, P.0 . Box 9515, Southeast Asia: 3508 TC Utrecht, the 1930s Depression 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands, Looking forward, looking back tel: +31-30-2536222 Dr Ian Brown, Department of tel: +31-71-5272227, History, SOAS, University of London, fax: +31-71-5274162, The EUROSEAS Secretariat: e-mail: [email protected] Ms Ageeth van der Veen, KITLV, 27- 1 March Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, Lucknow, India London WCiH oXG, P.O.Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Intercultural Dialogue Colloquium II: United Kingdom, July 1998 fax+31-71-527 2638, The Self and the Other tel: +44-171-3236146, e-mail: Aditya Chauhan, International fax: +44-171-3236046, [email protected] Co-ordinator ICDG, 1106A, B-i, e-mail: [email protected] 1-8 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, Melaka, Malaysia The 16th Congress 8-12 India, tel: +91-11-613351514, 3 - 4 of Indo-Pacific Prague, Czech Republic fax: +91-11-6169962, e-mail: London, UK Prehistory Association 15th European Conference on [email protected] 1998 Aseasuk Conference Dr Peter Bellwood, Dept, of Dr Ulrich Kratz, SOAS, Thornhaugh Archaeology and Anthropology, Modern South Asian Studies Street, Russell Square, ANU, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Institute of Indian Studies, March 1998 London WCiH oXG, UK, Dr Timothy Coates, College of tel: +61-6-2493120, Charles University, Celetna 20. e-mail:[email protected] Charleston, Department of History, fax: +61-6-2492711, 116 42 Praha 1, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected] 4 -6 66 George Street, Charleston SC e-mail: [email protected], Singapore 6-8 29424-0001, USA, website: 10-14 The Q uali^ o f Life in Cities Penang, Malaysia fax: +1-803-9536349, http://www.alang.ukm.my/ Conference secretariat, School of Heritage and Habitat. The Context o f e-mail: [email protected] kamal/ippa.htm Edinburgh, UK 12th EACS Conference. Festival: Building and Estate Management, Sustainable Development in Historic the Chinese at Work and Play National University of Singapore,10 City Centres 28-31 21-25 Prof. Bonnie S. McDougall, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore Prof. Arnold Koerte, department of Uppsala, Sweden Hanoi, Vietnam Scottish Centre of Chinese Studies, 119260, tel: +65-7723440, Architecture, Technische The Culture o f ilankai Tamilar Vietnamese Studies and Dept, of East Asian Studies, fax: +65-7755502. Hochschule Darmstadt, El-Lissitzski Peter Schalk, professor in the Enhancement o f International University of Edinburgh, e-mail: Str.i, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany, the History of Religions, Uppsala Co-operation 8 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh EH8 [email protected] fax: +49-6151-163937, University, Dr Nguyen Xuan Thu, conference e-mail tel: +46-18-182293, co-ordinator, 52B Nguyen Khuyen 9LW, UK, tel: +44-131-6504229 / 4227, 4 -6 [email protected], fax: +46-18-128471, Street, Hanoi, Vietnam, Halle, Germany Internet: http://www.th- e-mail: [email protected] tel: +844-8248371, fax: +44-131-6511258, e-mail: Annual Meeting o f the German darmstadt.de/~koerte fax: +844-8433224, Linguistic Society e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] June 1998 Dr T. Veenstra, Institute for 1 6 - 18 Lingistics, University of Amsterdam, Bath, UK 26-1 August 28 - 3 October Spuistraat 210,1012 VT Amsterdam, The 5th workshop o f the European 2 -6 Williamsburg, VA, USA Bonn, Germany 27th Conference o f German-speaking fax: +31-20-5253021, Network o f Bangladesh Studies Moscow, Russia 14th International Congress o f Orientalists e-mail: [email protected] Policy Responses to Poverty and Historical Sources o f Eurasian and Anthropological and Ethnological its Reproduction in Bangladesh North African Civilisations: Science, ICAES Prof. Stefan Wild, Institute for 1 6-19 Mark Ellison, European Network of the Computer Approaches Dr Tomoko Hamada, Dept, of Oriental Studies, University of Blaubeuren, Germany Bangladesh Studies, School of Social Dimitry D. Vasilyev, Orientalists’ Anthropology, College of William Bonn, Regina Pacis Weg 7, Religion and Economy in East Asia Sciences, University o f Bath, Society o f the RAS, and Mary, Williamsburg, 53113 Bonn, Germany, [China, Japan, Korea) Bath BA2 7AY, UK tel: +7-95-9285764, VA 23187-8795, USA, tel: +49-228-737462, Professor H.U. Vogel, Seminar for e-mail: [email protected], tel:+1-757-2211060, fax: +49-228-735601 Sinology and Korean Studies, 1 7 - 19 Internet: http://www.orient.ru fax: +1-757-22110 66, Manchester, UK e-mail: [email protected] University ofTiibingen, October 1998 Wilhelmstrasse 133,72074 Tübingen, The 1998 BASAS Annual Conference 4 - 6 Germany. Dr Bobby Sayyid, D epartm ent o f Passau, Germany August 1998 Tel: +49-7071-565101, Sociology, University o f Manchester, iith A nnual Workshop o f the European 10-14 fax: +49-7071-565100, M anchester M13 9PL, UK, Social Science Java Network Venice, Italy e-mail: hans-ulrich.vogel@uni- tel: +44-161-275 2461, Professor Vincent Houben, 30- 2 Septem ber Sixth ESCAS Conference: tuebingen.de fax: +44-161-275 2514, Lehrstuhl für Südostasienkunde, Hamburg, Germany Central Asia: A Decade of Reforms, e-mail: [email protected]. Innstrafe 53,94032 Passau, Religious Diffusion and Centuries o f Memories 2 1 BASAS: Germany, Cultural Exchange http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/ses/ E-mail: [email protected] Dr. B.J. Terwiel, Universitat Oxford, UK December 1998 Inside and Outside the Mosque: basasi.html H am burg, Seminar für Sprache und anthropology o f Muslim prayer 18-20 Kultur Chinas, Abteilung Thailand across the Indian ocean 20-26 Copenhagen, Denmark Burma u. Indochina, 8-10 Prof David Parkin and Dr Stephen Amsterdam, the Netherlands Time and Society in Modern Asia Von-Melle-Park 6, 2 Hamburg 13, Penang, Malaysia Headley, Institute o f Social and 6th Conference o f the International Prof R. Cribb, Dr I. Reader, Germany, The First International Conference on Cultural Anthropology, 51 Banbury Society of Ethnology and Folklore Dr B. Bakken, NIAS, Leifsgade 33, tel: +49-40-41233675, Islamic Development Management Road, Oxford OX2 6PE, UK, Ton Dekker, P.J. Meertends DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark, fax: + 49-40-41233106, Secretariat, Islamic Development e-mail: gina.burrows@ Institute, P.0 . Box 19888, tel. +45-31548844, e-mail: orqAo 1 i@ rzz-cip-1.rrz.uni- Management Conference, anthropology.ox.ac.uk 1000 GW Amsterdam, fax: +45-32962530, ham burg.de School o f Social Sciences, the Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected] Universiti Sains Malaysia, 26-29 tel: +31-20-6234698, 31- 4 Septem ber 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia, Washington DC, USA fax: +31-20-6240639, 23-24 Berlin. Germany tel: +60-4-6577888 ext. 50th Annual AAS Confenrence e-mail: [email protected] Moscow, Russia 7th International Conference o f 3904/2284/3632/3443, The Association for Asian Studies The Ninth International Conference the European Association o f Southeast fax: +60-4-6584820, (AAS), 1 Lane Hall, The University o f on Chinese Linguistics Asian Archaeologists e-mail: [email protected] M ay 1998 Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Dr Irina N. Komarova, Dept, of East Dr Wibke Lobo, M useum für 48109, USA, Asian Languages, Institute of Völkerkunde, Arnimallee 23-27, 28-30 tel: +1-313-6652490, 14-16 Linguistics, Bolshoi Kislovsky per. 14195, Berlin, Germany, Madras, India fax: +1-313-6653801, Charleston, USA 1/12, Moscow 103009, Russia, fax: +49-30-8315972 International Seminar e-mail: [email protected] The Evolution o f the Portuguese tel: +7-9502913448 (tue and thu), on Skanda-Murugan Atlantic and the Sea Route to India: fax: +7-95-2900528 International M urukan Seminar Quincentenary Reflections, Committee, Institute of Asian 1498-1998. Studies, Sholinganallur, Chennai 600 119, India, e-mail: [email protected], fax: +91-44-4960959, tel: +91-44-4961662

Autumn 1997 • IIAS newsletter TC14 • 5 5 • u if h f c f a

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A D iT i New s CEAO Newsletter Eurasia News Kaname Quarterly Bulletin of Philippines Information Exchange Contact: The National Organisation of South Organization:Centro de Estudio deAsia Organization: European Institute for South Japanese Studies Contact: Philippine Resource Centre Asian Dance, Fax: +44-171 -831 -5299 Oriental Universidad Autonoma de and South-East Asian Studies, ASBL Organization: Instituto de Japonologia, (London, UK). Fax: +44-171 -2515914, Madrid Contact: Deepa Mann-Kler (Brussels, Madrid E-mail: [email protected] La Lettre de I’Afrase Contact: Centro de Estudio de Asia Belgium). Fax: +32-2-230 5402 Contact Maria R. del Alisal (Madrid, Spain). Organ/zation.Association Francaise pour Oriental, Universidad Autónoma Fax:+34-1-5350197. PRUS Newsletter la Recherche sur I'Asie du Sud-Est de Madrid, fax: +34-1 -3975278, European Bulletin of E-mail: [email protected] Contact: Poverty Research Unit, School of Contact: Muriel Charras (Paris). e-mail: [email protected] Himalayan Research African and Asian Studies, University of Fax:+33-1-46078833. Contact: Anne de Sales, CNRS (Meudon, KIT Newsletter Sussex (Brighton, UK). Email: [email protected] Newsletter of the Center for Pacific France). Fax: +33-45075872, Organization: Royal Tropical Institute, Fax: +44-1273-623572, Studies, Stockholm University E-mail: [email protected] Amsterdam E-mail: m.j.farlow@sussex,ac.uk AKSE Newsletter ) Contact Katharina Soffronow, (Stockholm, Contact Inge Pit (Amsterdam, Organization: Association for Korean Sweden). Fax: +46-8-168810 European Network for Bangladesh the Netherlands). Fax: +31-20-6684579. 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Fax: +31-71 -5272939 IATS Newsletter (please designate the subject as labyrinth) Centre of the Copenhagen Business Organization: Finnish Association of SEPHIS Newsletter School ‘Common Ground’, Newsletter East Asian Studies Memoria de Asia Organization: South-South Exchange Contact: Susan Aagaard Petersen on Philippine environment and Contact: Jouko Seppanen, Helsinki University Organization: Instituto Complutense de Asia Programme for Research on the History (Copenhagen, Denmark). Development Action ofTechnology (Finland). Contact Florentino Rodao (Madrid, Spain). of Development (SEPHIS) Fax: +45-38152500. E- Contact Philippine Resource Centre Fax:+358-0-4513293 Fax:+34-1-3942488. Contact: Ulbe Bosma, (Rotterdam, mail: [email protected] (London, UK). Fax: +44-171 -4033997. 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Organization: British Association for South [email protected] Asian Studies Society in East Asia” Network Asian Studies Contact Paul van der Velde (Leiden, NIAS Nytt, Nordic Newsletter Contact: Kjeld Erik Brodsgaard or Mette Contact:Yunas Samad, Dept, of Social and Bulletin of the EAJS the Netherlands). Fax: +31-71 -5274162, of Asian Studies Mathiasen, East Asian Institute, Economic Studies (Bradford, UK). Organization: European Association for E-mail: [email protected] Contact Nordic Institute for Asian Studies, (Copenhagen, Denmark). Fax: +44-1274-385295, E- Japanese Studies NIAS (Copenhagen, Denmark). Fax: +45-31-546676 mail: [email protected]. Contact:Anja Radegast, EAJS Office India N u Fax: +45-32962530, (Duisburg, Germany). Contact: Landelijke India Werkgroep E-mail: [email protected] Sri Lanka Newsletter BITIG Fax: +49-203-3792002, (Utrecht, the Netherlands). 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Fax: +44-865-274574, of the Museum of Far Eastern A rt & Organization: Amis des Archives d’Outre- Fax:+ 31-7 1-5272615, Email: Fax: +33-88-370532. E-mail: [email protected] Antiquities in Stockholm Mer (AMAROM) [email protected] Contact: Carin Balfe, (Stockholm, Sweden). Contact: A. Cécile Tizon Germe, (Aix-en- Lettre d’information Etudes JRC N ew s Fax: +46-8-6609351 Provence, France). Fax: +33-42-268459 Chinoises Contact Japan Research Centre, SOAS Organization: Association Francaise d’Études (London, UK). Fax: +44-171 -4363844. St.-Petersburg Newsletter on Chinoises,AFEC E-mail: [email protected] Southeast Asia & Oceania Studies ContactVincent Goossaert (Paris, France). ContacrOriental faculty, University of E-mail: [email protected] Kaibauk — Boletin de Informacao St.-Petersburg (Russia). T im o ren se Fax: +812-2181346. Organization: ALTIC — Associa^ao Luso E-mail: [email protected] Please send all information concerning Timorense de Informa^ao e Cultura Newsletters on Asia in Europe to the HAS Contact Fatima Cruz (Portugal), Office, attention of Use Lasschuijt. Fax: +35-1-14198521.

HAS NEWSLETTER W14 Autumn 1997