DOCSLIB.ORG

Dear Fr. Kerper What Ever Happened to Limbo?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dear Fr. Kerper What Ever Happened to Limbo? your questions answered by a local pastor Dear Fr. Kerper What ever happened to Limbo? Dear Father Kerper: Last April, I heard that Many older Catholics probably the church had abolished limbo. Years ago, my learned about limbo in religion grandmother told me that non-baptized babies go class. For years, limbo was to limbo instead of heaven because of original sin. proposed as one possible way of Now I hear that limbo was just an opinion, not a resolving the apparent contradic- church teaching. How can I know what’s really true tion between two genuine church and what’s just opinion? teachings, namely the necessity of baptism for salvation and God’s hank you for your note of interest in desire that everyone be saved. this subject, which refl ects your honest As much as we want to know concern for the salvation of all of God’s precisely what happens to non- children. Yet, I also realize your question baptized persons — children and Trefl ects the reality that some of us get very frustrat- good people — the simple truth ed when ideas and practices suddenly change. is that God’s revelation doesn’t To answer your question, we must distinguish doc- tell us. In the past, limbo became trine from opinion based on what the church calls the the favored opinion because “hierarchy of truths.” This means that there are some many in the church stressed the and music. Similarly, we can live teachings that are more important than others. necessity of baptism. Today, how- the Christian life fully and joyfully Think of it this way: The owner’s manual of ever, many theologians, includ- without clear answers to every pos- your car will show you clearly how to turn on the ing Pope Benedict XVI, see that sible theological question. engine, shift gears and use the brake. Later, perhaps opinion as explaining too much, One way of approaching this in a bad snowstorm, you’ll learn how to use your thereby foreclosing possibilities subject with those who have lost defroster and rear window de-icer. Some day, when known to God alone. children through miscarriage, you have nothing to do, you may even read about If you study Scripture and key sickness or even abortion is to oil changes, tire pressure and maintenance. church documents, you will fi nd refl ect on God’s mercy. The one All these instructions are true and helpful; but that nothing proposes limbo as a consistent mystery of God that is not every one is equally important. You need to settled and indisputable teaching. found in all four markers of the know where to put the key, before you worry about Indeed, it has none of the markers truth is that God is not merely tire pressure. Think of church teaching as a spiritual needed for permanent teachings. the God of justice, but also the owner’s manual. Let’s go back to the “hierarchy of God of mercy and love. The church has at least four markers for permanent truths.” God’s revelation enlightens The point is to drive the car teachings: Sacred Scripture, ancient creeds, council us only about matters essential for rather than to become too en- statements and ex cathedra papal statements. our salvation. Hence, God tells us grossed or even distracted by the First, Sacred Scripture expresses key beliefs, such how to live a good and moral life, owner’s manual. And on our road as the oneness of God, the Trinity, the Incarnation, confi dent that we come from him, to God, there must, and always and the resurrection of Christ. have been redeemed by Christ, and will, be mysteries. Our challenge Second, ancient creeds, like the Nicene and have the hope of eternal life. This is to let those mysteries serve not Apostles’ Creeds, contain settled doctrines. information is like knowing how as obstacles, but as opportuni- Third, core doctrines of faith proposed by ecu- to switch on the engine and use ties for increasing our faith and menical councils are also permanent, though open the brake. But God doesn’t explain desire to arrive at our destination, to refi nement, new formulations and development. every detail of how his saving love where, we are assured, all things Fourth, teachings declared ex cathedra — from works in the world. Such details will be revealed. the chair — by the pope are unchangeable. So far, are akin to a car’s clock and DVD only two popes — Pius IX and Pius XII — have player. We can drive the car per- — Father Michael Kerper is the pastor of used this form of teaching. fectly well without the correct time Corpus Christi Parish in Portsmouth. Parable Magazine Parable6 September/October Magazine 6 September/October 2007 | www.parablemag.com 2007 | www.Parablemag.com St. Robert Bellarmine, Bishop, Doctor of the Church Sept. 17 | St. Januarius, Bishop, Martyr Sept. 19 | Sts. Andrew Kim Taegon, Priest and MMAN0907.inddAN0907.indd 6 88/2/07/2/07 112:59:032:59:03 PMPM.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Pope of Their Own
    Magnus Lundberg A Pope of their Own El Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church UPPSALA STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY 1 About the series Uppsala Studies in Church History is a series that is published in the Department of Theology, Uppsala University. The series includes works in both English and Swedish. The volumes are available open-access and only published in digital form. For a list of available titles, see end of the book. About the author Magnus Lundberg is Professor of Church and Mission Studies and Acting Professor of Church History at Uppsala University. He specializes in early modern and modern church and mission history with focus on colonial Latin America. Among his monographs are Mission and Ecstasy: Contemplative Women and Salvation in Colonial Spanish America and the Philippines (2015) and Church Life between the Metropolitan and the Local: Parishes, Parishioners and Parish Priests in Seventeenth-Century Mexico (2011). Personal web site: www.magnuslundberg.net Uppsala Studies in Church History 1 Magnus Lundberg A Pope of their Own El Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church Lundberg, Magnus. A Pope of Their Own: Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church. Uppsala Studies in Church History 1.Uppsala: Uppsala University, Department of Theology, 2017. ISBN 978-91-984129-0-1 Editor’s address: Uppsala University, Department of Theology, Church History, Box 511, SE-751 20 UPPSALA, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]. Contents Preface 1 1. Introduction 11 The Religio-Political Context 12 Early Apparitions at El Palmar de Troya 15 Clemente Domínguez and Manuel Alonso 19 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church
    The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church A History Joseph F. Kelly A Michael Glazier Book LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Michael Glazier Book published by Liturgical Press Cover design by David Manahan, OSB. Painting in Kiev, Sofia. Photo by Sasha Martynchuk. © Sasha Martynchuk and iStockphoto. Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New American Bible with Revised New Testament and Revised Psalms © 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, DC, and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All Rights Reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner. © 2009 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previ- ous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Col- legeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 123456789 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kelly, Joseph F. (Joseph Francis), 1945– The ecumenical councils of the Catholic Church : a history / Joseph F. Kelly. p. cm. “A Michael Glazier book”—T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-0-8146-5376-0 (pbk.) 1. Councils
    [Show full text]
  • Ecumenical Councils Preparing for Next Week (Disciple 6–Eucharist 1)
    January St. Dominic’s RCIA Program Disciple The Church: 15 History & Teaching 4 Goal • Having switched the Disciple 4 & 5 weeks, we looks at an overview of the Sacraments last week (Disciple 5), and explored the Sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation. These Sacraments are two of the three that initiate us into the Church community, and into Christ’s body and mission. This week we’ll continue to unpack the meaning of Church by looking broadly at its history one the last 2000 years. We’ll also explore it’s role as Teacher. How does the Church function in and through history? How does God walk with the Church through it all? Agenda • Welcome/Housekeeping (10) • Questions & Answers • Introduction to the Rosary (15) Discussion (15): • If the Church is The Body of Christ, what does this mean for Christ’s presence in the world through history and in the world today? • What do I admire about the Catholic Church’s activity in history? Does any part of the Church’s activity in history disturb or upset me? • How do I (might I) listen to what the Church has to say today? What is my approach/attitude to the Church as “Teacher”? • Presentation: The Church: History (35) • Break (10) • Presentation: The Church: Teaching & Belief (30) • Discussion (time permitting): • What is special to this moment in history? • What is the Good News of Christ & the Church that speaks to this moment in history? • How can the body of Christ proclaim & witness the Gospel and walk with others today? Housekeeping Notes • Rite of Acceptance: February 10th at the 11:30am and 5:30 Masses.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Afterlife
    A Traveler’s Guide to the Afterlife A Bible Literacy Study Guide on the Eternal Destiny of the Individual Dr. Timothy Gordon Introduction to the Afterlife Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 1 Introduction to the Afterlife • Afterlife Series, Book Cover and Diagram • Afterlife Definitions • Eschatology Defined • Millennial Views • Significant Scriptures • Common Questions • Christian Beliefs About the Afterlife • George Barna on the Afterlife • Salvation, Faith, and Merit • Is There Life After Death? • Afterlife as a Belief • Afterlife as an Individual or Collective Existence • Afterlife as Reward or Punishment • Abrahamic (Monotheistic) Religions • The Dead as Angels in Heaven • Unimportance of Mortal Life • Doomsday • Afterlife in Modern Science • Afterlife as Reincarnation • The Afterlife and Science Fiction • New Age Beliefs • Universalism • History of Afterlife Beliefs • Questions for Discussion • References Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 2 A Traveler’s Guide to the Afterlife • Introduction to the Afterlife • Death and the Mortality of Man • The Immortality of the Soul • The Intermediate State of the Dead • The Second Coming of Christ • The Resurrection of the Body • The Day of Judgment and Rewards • Hell and Eternal Destruction • Heaven and Eternal Life Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 3 Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 4 Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 5 Afterlife Definitions • A generic term referring to a continuation of existence, typically spiritual, experiential, or ghost-like, beyond this world, or after death. • Continuation of conscious personal existence after death. • For Christians, the hope for life after death rests on God's promise of the resurrection of the body, though personal existence continues between death and the resurrection in some "intermediate state," in which those who are saved are with God.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Millennial, Post-Millennial and Amillennial Views
    Pre-Millennial, Post-Millennial and Amillennial Views By William E. Wenstrom, Jr. Bible Ministries There are three major views describing the relationship between the Second Advent of Christ and the millennium: (1) Premillennial (2) Postmillennial (3) Amillennial. The term “premillennialism” derives its meaning from the belief that the Second Advent of Christ will be premillennial or in other words, that it will be before the millennium. The English term is made up of the following Latin elements: pre means “before,” mille means “thousand,” and annus means “years” in relation to Christ’s Second Advent. Thus, “premillennialism” means that Christ will return to the earth “before the thousand years.” The corresponding Greek expression in Revelation 20:4-7, chilia ete, gives rise to the term “chiliasm,” properly a synonym for “millennialism.” The term “chiliasm” has been superseded by the designation “premillennialism.” “Premillennialism” is a system of doctrine that is based upon a literal interpretation of Scripture and prophecy. Dispensational “premillennialism” contends that Christ will return to earth, literally and bodily, before the millennial age begins and that, by His presence, He will establish His kingdom, over which, He will reign. The kingdom will continue for a thousand years, after which the Son will give the kingdom to the Father when it will merge with His eternal kingdom (1 Corinthians 15:25-28). “Premillennialism” was the earliest of the three millennial systems to arise but fell out of favor during the Middle Ages but was revived by the Puritans in the seventeenth century and is the viewpoint of a majority of those who are conservative in their approach to biblical interpretation.
    [Show full text]
  • Translating Romans 5:12 in the Early 16Th Century . Franciscus
    BibAn 11/2 (2021) 301–326 301 Translating Romans 5:12 in the Early 16th Century . Franciscus Titelmans’s Polemic against Humanists TOMASZ KAROL MANTYK The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-3554-7079 Abstract: Translating the Bible has never been an easy task, least of all at the times of theological controversy. A New Latin translation by Erasmus of Rotterdam, executed on the eve of the Reformation, met much criticism on philological and theological level. Franciscus Titelmans, a young, Franciscan scholar from Leuven, addressed in his Col- lationes quinque numerous issued regarding the translation of the Epistle to the Romans. This article focuses on Romans 5:12. Titelmans claimed that Erasmus’s translation of this verse threatened the dogma of original sin and promoted the resurgence of Pelagianism. The article analyses his arguments showing that although he was not entirely alien to phi- lology, he relied more on the Church Fathers and the authority of the Church in his transla- tion. Philological and logical arguments served only as auxiliary proofs for the meaning that had been established by patristic commentaries. Consequently, this debate mirrors diverse attitudes of both scholars. The Humanist opted for sound philology, even if it resulted in questionable theological statements, the Franciscan for sound theology, even if it led to imperfect philological choices. Although specific arguments of this debate are outdated and hardly relevant to modern-day biblical studies, divergent attitudes of its pro- tagonists are well reflected in current debates, making it worth. Keywords: Vulgate, Epistle to the Romans, original sin, translation of the Bible, biblical Humanism, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Franciscus Titelmans ublication of Desiderius Erasmus’s Novum Instrumentum in 1516 revo- Plutionised biblical studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Visions of Gehenna: the Biblical and Apocryphal Underworlds and Hells Behind the Inferno Scott Cameron Huron University College
    Liberated Arts: A Journal for Undergraduate Research Volume 3, Issue 1 Article 1 2017 Visions of Gehenna: The Biblical and Apocryphal Underworlds and Hells behind the Inferno Scott Cameron Huron University College Follow this and additional works at: https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/lajur Recommended Citation Cameron, Scott M. (2017) "Visions of Gehenna: The Biblical and Apocryphal Underworlds and Hells behind the Inferno," Liberated Arts: a journal for undergraduate research: Vol. 3: Iss. 1, Article 1. Liberated Arts is an open access journal, which means that its content is freely available without charge to readers and their institutions. All content published by Liberated Arts is licensed under the Creative Commons License, Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Readers are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without seeking prior permission from Liberated Arts or the authors. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Visions of Gehenna: The Biblical and Apocryphal Underworlds and Hells behind the Inferno Scott Cameron, Huron University College Abstract: This paper argues that Dante’s Inferno should not be read exclusively in the Classical humanist tradition by contextualising his work within a long history of apocryphal Christian representations of Hell. Jerome’s Vulgate Bible rendered Hell as an abstract site for the realisation of theological principles, rather than a physical place readily comprehensible in human terms. In failing to describe Hell in literal terms, the Vulgate invited curiosity, and apocryphal visions of Hell proliferated to fill this gap.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Images of Purgatory in Selected Us
    FROM PAINFUL PRISON TO HOPEFUL PURIFICATION: CHANGING IMAGES OF PURGATORY IN SELECTED U.S. CATHOLIC PERIODICALS, 1909-1960 Dissertation Submitted to The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Timothy G. Dillon UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio December, 2013 FROM PAINFUL PRISON TO HOPEFUL PURIFICATION: CHANGING IMAGES OF PURGATORY IN SELECTED U.S. CATHOLIC PERIODICALS, 1909-1960 Name: Dillon, Timothy Gerard APPROVED BY: __________________________________________ William L. Portier, Ph. D. Faculty Advisor __________________________________________ Patrick Carey, Ph.D. External Faculty Reader __________________________________________ Dennis Doyle, Ph.D. Faculty Reader __________________________________________ Anthony Smith, Ph.D. Faculty Reader __________________________________________ Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Faculty Reader ii ABSTRACT FROM PAINFUL PRISON TO HOPEFUL PURIFICATION: CHANGING IMAGES OF PURGATORY IN SELECTED U.S. CATHOLIC PERIODICALS, 1909-1960 Name: Dillon, Timothy Gerard University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier Prior to 1960, U.S. Catholic periodicals regularly featured articles on the topic of purgatory, especially in November, the month for remembering the dead. Over the next three decades were very few articles on the topic. The dramatic decrease in the number of articles concerning purgatory reflected changes in theology, practice, and society. This dissertation argues that the decreased attention
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Millennial, Post-Millennial, Amillennial Views and Supersessionism
    Pre-Millennial, Post-Millennial, Amillennial Views and Supersessionism By William E. Wenstrom, Jr. Bible Ministries There are three major views describing the relationship between the Second Advent of Christ and the millennium: (1) Premillennial (2) Postmillennial (3) Amillennial. The term “premillennialism” derives its meaning from the belief that the Second Advent of Christ will be premillennial or in other words, that it will be before the millennium. The English term is made up of the following Latin elements: pre means “before,” mille means “thousand,” and annus means “years” in relation to Christ’s Second Advent. Thus, “premillennialism” means that Christ will return to the earth “before the thousand years.” The corresponding Greek expression in Revelation 20:4-7, chilia ete, gives rise to the term “chiliasm,” properly a synonym for “millennialism.” The term “chiliasm” has been superseded by the designation “premillennialism.” “Premillennialism” is a system of doctrine that is based upon a literal interpretation of Scripture and prophecy. Dispensational “premillennialism” contends that Christ will return to earth, literally and bodily, before the millennial age begins and that, by His presence, He will establish His kingdom, over which, He will reign. The kingdom will continue for a thousand years, after which the Son will give the kingdom to the Father when it will merge with His eternal kingdom (1 Corinthians 15:25-28). “Premillennialism” was the earliest of the three millennial systems to arise but fell out of favor during the Middle Ages but was revived by the Puritans in the seventeenth century and is the viewpoint of a majority of those who are conservative in their approach to biblical interpretation.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Modern Catholic Reform and the Synod of Pistoia Shaun London Blanchard Marquette University
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Eighteenth-Century Forerunners of Vatican II: Early Modern Catholic Reform and the Synod of Pistoia Shaun London Blanchard Marquette University Recommended Citation Blanchard, Shaun London, "Eighteenth-Century Forerunners of Vatican II: Early Modern Catholic Reform and the Synod of Pistoia" (2018). Dissertations (2009 -). 774. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/774 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FORERUNNERS OF VATICAN II: EARLY MODERN CATHOLIC REFORM AND THE SYNOD OF PISTOIA by Shaun L. Blanchard, B.A., MSt. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2018 ABSTRACT EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FORERUNNERS OF VATICAN II: EARLY MODERN CATHOLIC REFORM AND THE SYNOD OF PISTOIA Shaun L. Blanchard Marquette University, 2018 This dissertation sheds further light on the nature of church reform and the roots of the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) through a study of eighteenth-century Catholic reformers who anticipated Vatican II. The most striking of these examples is the Synod of Pistoia (1786), the high-water mark of “late Jansenism.” Most of the reforms of the Synod were harshly condemned by Pope Pius VI in the Bull Auctorem fidei (1794), and late Jansenism was totally discredited in the increasingly ultramontane nineteenth-century Catholic Church. Nevertheless, many of the reforms implicit or explicit in the Pistoian agenda – such as an exaltation of the role of bishops, an emphasis on infallibility as a gift to the entire church, religious liberty, a simpler and more comprehensible liturgy that incorporates the vernacular, and the encouragement of lay Bible reading and Christocentric devotions – were officially promulgated at Vatican II.
    [Show full text]
  • Peregrinatio Animae: Cartographic Spaces and Epistemological
    3 (2017) Peregrinatio animae : cartographic spaces and epistemological debates in the Franco-Italian Huon d’Auvergne STEPHEN P. McCORMICK (Washington and Lee University) Direzione / Editors-in-chief GIOVANNI BORRIERO , Università degli Studi di Padova FRANCESCA GAMBINO , Università degli Studi di Padova Comitato scientifico / Advisory Board CARLOS ALVAR , Universidad de Alcalá ALVISE ANDREOSE , Università degli Studi e-Campus FURIO BRUGNOLO , Università degli Studi di Padova KEITH BUSBY , The University of Wisconsin ROBERTA CAPELLI , Università di Trento DAN OCTAVIAN CEPRAGA , Università degli Studi di Padova CATHERINE GAULLIER -BOUGASSAS , Université de Lille 3 SIMON GAUNT , King’s College London MARCO INFURNA , Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia GIOSUÈ LACHIN , Università degli Studi di Padova LUCA MORLINO , Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu GIANFELICE PERON , Università degli Studi di Padova LORENZO RENZI , Università degli Studi di Padova ZENO VERLATO , Opera del Vocabolario Italiano, CNR PETER WUNDERLI , Universität Düsseldorf LESLIE ZARKER MORGAN , Loyola University Maryland Redazione / Editorial Staff ALESSANDRO BAMPA , Università degli Studi di Padova LUCIA BERARDI , Università degli Studi di Padova FLORIANA CERESATO , Università di Roma Tre RACHELE FASSANELLI , Università degli Studi di Padova STEPHEN P. MCCORMICK , Washington and Lee University SERENA MODENA , Università degli Studi di Padova MANUEL NEGRI , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela FABIO SANGIOVANNI (redattore capo / managing editor ), Università degli Studi di Padova Francigena is an International Peer-Rewieved Journal ISSN 2420-9767 Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Letterari Piazzetta Gianfranco Folena, 1 35137 PADOVA [email protected] INDICE MARIA GRAZIA CAPUSSO Aspetti dell’intertestualità franco-italiana ( Geste Francor e Aquilon de Bavière ) 5 CESARE MASCITELLI Canone epico e forme del riuso nella Geste Francor 45 STEPHEN P.
    [Show full text]
  • REPLACING ORIGINAL SIN with PRAYERFUL HOPE AS CATHOLIC THEOLOGY's RESPONSE to the PROBLEM of EVIL a Thesis Submitted to The
    REPLACING ORIGINAL SIN WITH PRAYERFUL HOPE AS CATHOLIC THEOLOGY'S RESPONSE TO THE PROBLEM OF EVIL A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Adav Noti, J.D. Georgetown University Washington, DC December 1, 2008 REPLACING ORIGINAL SIN WITH PRAYERFUL HOPE AS CATHOLIC THEOLOGY'S RESPONSE TO THE PROBLEM OF EVIL Adav Noti, J.D. Mentor: Chester Gillis, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The theological problem of evil poses a substantial challenge to all monotheistic faith traditions. In Roman Catholic theology, the primary response to the problem of evil is the doctrine of original sin. According to this doctrine, human suffering is attributable to a putatively historical event: The first people, Adam and Eve, introduced disorder into creation by disobeying a divine command. This disorder transformed human existence from a state of “original justice,” in which humanity experienced neither death nor suffering, to a state of original sin, in which each person is inclined toward sinful activity and vulnerable to harm. The state of original sin is transmitted from parent to child at conception, and, although baptism erases the metaphysical taint of Adam and Eve’s deed, the concrete effects of original sin are permanent, subjecting each person to a lifetime of moral error, physical hardship, and certain death. In the thesis that follows, I demonstrate that the doctrine of original sin is theologically deficient, that it conflicts with other Church teachings, and that it inflicts harm on both the faith community and the Church itself.
    [Show full text]