Sultanate of Sulu
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Strategy and Geopolitics of Sea Power Throughout History
Baltic Security & Defence Review Volume 11, Issue 2, 2009 Strategy and Geopolitics of Sea Power throughout History By Ilias Iliopoulos PhD, Professor at the Hellenic Staff College The great master of naval strategy and geopolitics Rear-Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan famously stated: “Control of the sea by maritime commerce and naval supremacy means predominant influence in the world … (and) is the chief among the merely material elements in the power and prosperity of nations.”1 Some three centuries before Mahan, H. M.’s Servant Sir Walter Raleigh held that “he that commands the sea, commands the trade, and he that is lord of the trade of the world is lord of the wealth of the world.”2 Accordingly, it may be said that even the final collapse of the essentially un-maritime and land-bound Soviet empire at the end of the long 20th century was simply the latest illustration of the strategic advantages of sea power. Like most realist strategists Mahan believed that international politics was mainly a struggle over who gets what, when and how. The struggle could be about territory, resources, political influence, economic advantage or normative interests (values). The contestants were the leaders of traditional nation-states; military and naval forces were their chief instrument of policy. Obviously, sea power is about naval forces – and coastguards, marine or civil-maritime industries and, where relevant, the contribution of land and air forces. Still, it is more than that; it is about geography, geopolitics, geo- strategy, geo-economics and geo-culture; it is about the sea-based capacity of a state to determine or influence events, currents and developments both at sea and on land. -
Representation of Pluralism in Literary History from Riau Island, Indonesia
Athens Journal of Philology - Volume 6, Issue 2 – Pages 83-104 Representation of Pluralism in Literary History from Riau Island, Indonesia By Mu᾽jizah One kind of the genre in literature is literary history, often called historiography traditional. In 17th--19th century this type of work was commonly found in the Riau Island manuscripts, especially in Pulau Penyengat. This area in ancient times became a scriptorium of Malay manuscripts. Several authors and scribes’ works, such as Raja Haji, Raja Ali Haji, Raja Ibrahim, and Salamah Binti Ambar and a descendant of Encik Ismail bin Datuk Karkun, were found in the region. Their works among others are Tuhafat An-Nafis, Silsilah Melayu, dan Bugis, and Hikayat Negeri Johor. In Indonesia, the manuscripts are kept in the National Library of Indonesia in Jakarta and Indrasakti Foundation in Riau Island. Some manuscripts among others were found in the Leiden University Library and KITLV Library in Netherlands. The historiography is useful to explore the source of historical knowledge, especially in search for understanding the process in the formation of Malay ethnic group with plural identities in Indonesia. The aim is to find representation of pluralism in the past Malay literary history which has contributed and strengthened nationalism. In the study we use qualititative research and descriptive methods of analysis. The research has found that the Malay ethnic group in Indonesia derived from various ethnic groups that integrated and became a nation with pluralities. According to the myth, the Malay ethnic group came from the unity between the upper-world or the angelic world and the under-world depicted as the marriage between Putri Junjung Buih and a human being. -
Politics and Government in Baltic States
Introduction – Historical and cultural background Part II Lecturer: Tõnis Saarts Institute of Political Science and Public Administration Spring 2009 Baltic region in the 17th century • Despite Swedish and Polish rule, Baltic German nobility retained their privileges. • In the 15th century serfdom was introduced, in the 17- 18th century serfdom became even harsher (Elbe-line). • Positive influence of Swedish rule – education village schools literacy, Tartu University 1632. Oldest university in the region Vilnius University 1579 • After the 16th century main trade routes moved to Atlantic turning point for the CEE. The region began to lag behind from Western Europe. • 16th century heydays of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. 17th century decline. • Declining of Tallinn and Riga as trade centres Swedish domain Russian conquest • Russian interest: Baltics as a window to Europe – trade and communication with Western Europe. • 1700-1721 Great Nordic War between Russia and Sweden. Peter The Great conquered all Swedish possessions (Estonia, Northern Latvia to Daugava +Riga; Latgale+Courland remained to Polish hands). • Nordic War as a big economic and social catastrophe plague, economic decline intensified even more. • “Special Baltic Order”: – Baltic German nobility retained its political power. – Russian Empire was not allowed to settle here immigrants – Should accepted protestantism and German cultural domination • 3 partitions of Poland (1772, 1792, 1795) - with third partition Russia got Courland+Lithuania. Russian Conquest 1721 Partition of Poland The region with a common destiny! • Only since the end of the 18th century we can speak about the Baltic region as a region what has a common destiny. • Before there was little common in the history of Lithuania and Estonia/Latvia! • Before the 18th century quite few contacts with Russian culture and Ortodox civilization. -
Violence and Social Orders
This page intentionally left blank VIOLENCE AND SOCIAL ORDERS All societies must deal with the possibility of violence, and they do so in different ways. This book integrates the problem of violence into a larger social science and historical framework, showing how economic and political behavior are closely linked. Most societies, which we call natural states, limit violence by political manipulation of the economy to create privileged interests. These privileges limit the use of violence by powerful individuals, but doing so hinders both economic and political development. In contrast, modern societies create open access to economic and political organizations, fostering political and economic competition. The book provides a framework for understanding the two types of social orders, why open access societies are both politically and economically more developed, and how some twenty- five countries have made the transition between the two types. Douglass C. North is co-recipient of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sci- ence. He is the Spencer T. Olin Professor in Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, where he served as director of the Center for Political Economy from 1984 to 1990, and is the Bartlett Burnap Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a former member of the Board of Directors of the National Bureau of Economic Research for twenty years, Professor North received the John R. Commons Award in 1992. The author of ten books, including Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge University Press, 1990) and Understanding the Process of Economic Change (2005), Professor North has research interests in property rights, economic organization in history, and the formation of political and economic institutions and their consequences through time. -
Change and Continuity in the Minangkabau Matrilineal System
CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN THE MINANGKABAU MATRILINEAL SYSTEM Tsuyoshi Kato It is said fhat in Minangkabau society in ancient times, property was given to one's children instead of to one's kemanakan (one's sororal nieces and nephews).1 One day, Datuk Katumanggungan and Datuk Perpatih nan Sebatang, the two founders of the Minangkabau a d a t, wished to go to Aceh. After they sailed out from the port of Tiku/Pariaman on the west coast, the sea suddenly ebbed, for that was the divine decree of God. As a consequence, their ship ran aground on the sand. The two datuk gathered all their children and kemanakan together and said, "Hai, children and kemanakan, let us tow this ship, because it has run aground on the sand." Their children answered, "We are afraid that we will be run over by the ship." Their kemanakan replied, "If that is the wish of our elders, let us tow the ship. It does not matter even if we are run over by the ship and killed in the process, for it is the ship of our elders that has run aground." All the kema nakan then got off onto the sand and pulled the ship. With the assis tance of the spirits, the ship floated again of itself and moved to the middle of the sea. Later, following the advice of Cati Bilang Pandai, their able servant, the two datuk decreed that from that time on all the property was to be given, not to the children, but to the kemanakan as a reward of their services. -
ASEAN Tourism Packages 2019-2020’
ASEAN TOURISM PACKAGEs ASEAN TOURISM MALAYSIA, MINISTRy of TOURISM, Arts AND culture, Malaysia ToURISM PACKAGES JAN 2019 2019-2020 Petronas Twin Tower, Malaysia 2 | ASEAN TOURISM PACKAGES Foreword HONOURABLE Datuk Mohamaddin Bin Ketapi Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia It is with great pleasure that I pen a few words to acknowledge the efforts made to enhance the growth and development of ASEAN tourism through the publication of this online ‘ASEAN Tourism Packages 2019-2020’. ASEAN tourism is heading towards a very exciting period of vast potential development. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has projected that Asia Pacific will gain a major market share of new arrivals in tourism – an additional of 331 million beginning 2010 to reach 535 million by 2030. It is noteworthy that the Southeast Asia region is anticipated to grow at a faster rate compared with the global average during this period. Given this promising landscape of tourism, it is critical that ASEAN member nations work together to strengthen the region as one tourism destination. With ASEAN members advancing, enhancing and deepening strategic partnerships with one another, the integration will certainly bring about a more attractive and dynamic tourism industry. Subsequently, these efforts will also bring the peoples of ASEAN closer and lay a firm foundation for a more peaceful, stable and prosperous region. I am confident that given our long history of friendship together, we will advance ASEAN as a special community for tourism in the region to flourish. In this regard, I take the opportunity to thank and congratulate everyone involved in realising the ASEAN Tourism Packages, an important step towards an integrated tourism region. -
GENDER STEREOTYPES and SEXUAL TRANSGRESSIONS in EARLY MODERN SPAIN and PORTUGAL in Common with the Rest of Early Modern Europe
CHAPTER ONE GENDER STEREOTYPES AND SEXUAL TRANSGRESSIONS IN EARLY MODERN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL In common with the rest of early modern Europe, Spanish and Portuguese societies embraced clearly defined and demarcated gender identities by reproducing and embracing misogynistic stereotypes of male and female behaviour and appearance. Biblical and Aristotelian notions of women/ female bodies as imperfect versions of men/male bodies were widely accepted, even within medical circles. The noted Spanish physician Juan Huarte de San Juan (c.1529–1592), for example, argued in his widely-read Examen de ingenios para las ciencias (1575) that the essential physical characteristics of female bodies – a cold and moist temperature – enabled them to conceive and made them apt to bear children but also sty- mied their intellectual development and thus rendered them inferior to men.1 Overtly misogynistic attitudes can easily be found in the considerable literature relating to the proper education or conduct of women, most notably in works such as The Education of a Christian Woman, published in 1523 by humanist scholar Juan Luis Vives (1493–1540) and the very pop- ular The Perfect Wife by Fray Luis de León (1527–1591), published in 1583 and republished in no less than eight subsequent editions between 1583 and 1621. Women were normally represented as possessing weaker bodies and characters than men. Fray Luis de León, in particular, used his work to promote a rigid definition of the roles of men and women in society: God did not endow women either with the capacity necessary for important business dealings, or with the vigour indispensable for war and agriculture. -
Counter Terrorist Trends and Analysis Volume 6, Issue 1 Jan/Feb 2014
Counter Terrorist Trends and Analysis Volume 6, Issue 1 Jan/Feb 2014 Annual Threat Assessment SOUTHEAST ASIA Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka EAST AND CENTRAL ASIA China and Central Asia MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Egypt, Libya and Somalia INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM RESEARCH S. RAJARATNAM SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2 ANNUAL THREAT ASSESSMENT Terrorism and Political Violence in 2013 Southeast Asia peace talks were held in January 2014. Iraq, too, remains besieged by sectarian violence and constant attacks. In Yemen, Southeast Asia has seen some of its insurgencies and conflicts multiple insurgencies and a robust threat from Al Qaeda in the diminish while others have continued unabated. In Thailand, the Arabian Peninsula have hampered an already difficult political restive south continued to see violence in 2013 while Bangkok transition. In Egypt, Morsi’s ouster has seen protests continuing witnessed a political crisis with protests against the government to plague the country while the military attempts another turning violent. In Myanmar, reforms have moved forward but political transition. Libya, meanwhile, faces a persistent security communal violence continues to plague the country and has challenge in its southern border region and the success of its evolved from targeting Rohingyas towards Muslim minority transition after Gaddafi will depend on the militias which communities in general. Indonesia continues to face a potent deposed the former dictator giving up their arms. In Somalia, threat from radicalization and concern has emerged over the al-Shabaab has intensified its campaign against the role its “hard” counterterrorist approach is playing in fueling government in the wake of a hardline faction emerging further extremism. -
The Libro Verde: Blood Fictions from Early Modern Spain
INFORMATION TO USERS The negative microfilm of this dissertation was prepared and inspected by the school granting the degree. We are using this film without further inspection or change. If there are any questions about the content, please write directly to the school. The quality of this reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original material The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap pears to indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hand comer and continu ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Dissertation Information Service A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9731534 Copyright 1997 by Beusterien, John L. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9731534 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Titic 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission -
Italian Titles of Nobility
11/8/2020 Italian Titles of Nobility - A Concise, Accurate Guide to Nobiliary History, Tradition and Law in Italy until 1946 - Facts, no… Italian Titles of Nobility See also: Sicilian Heraldry & Nobility • Sicilian Genealogy • Books • Interview ©1997 – 2015 Louis Mendola Author's Note An article of this length can be little more than a precis. Apart from the presentation of the simplest facts, the author's intent is to provide accurate information, avoiding the bizarre ideas that color the study of the aristocracy. At best, this web page is a ready reference that offers a quick overview and a very concise bibliography; it is intended as nothing more. This page is published for the benefit of the historian, genealogist, heraldist, researcher or journalist – and all scientific freethinkers – in search of an objective, unbiased summary that does not seek (or presume) to insult their knowledge, intelligence or integrity. The study of the nobility and heraldry simply cannot exist without a sound basis in genealogical science. Genealogy is the only means of demonstrating familial lineage (ancestry), be it proven through documentation or DNA, be it aristocratic or humble. At 300 pages, the book Sicilian Genealogy and Heraldry considers the subject in far greater detail over several chapters, and while its chief focus is the Kingdom of Sicily, it takes into account the Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946) as well. That book includes chapters dedicated to, among other things, historiography, feudal law and proof standards. Like this web page, the book (you can peruse the table of contents, index and a few pages on Amazon's site) is the kind of reference and guide the author wishes were available when he began to study these fields seriously over thirty years ago. -
Conversing with the Cosmos
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 2000 CONVERSING WITH THE COSMOS Linda L. Beeman Textile Society of America Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Beeman, Linda L., "CONVERSING WITH THE COSMOS" (2000). Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings. 782. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/782 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Pis siyabet/rom Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago. Interlocking tapestry weave o/silk. Warp 36", weft 34". Private collection. Photograph by Mike Zens/or Material Possessions. CONVERSING WITH THE COSMOS 102000 Linda L. Beeman This paper focu ses on the silk tapestry headcloths woven by Tausug peoples from the Philippine Su lu Archipelago. Called pis siyabet, they captured my attention because they diverge so wildly from the cotton or abaca warp ikat weaving one associates with indigenous peoples from the Philippines and Indonesia. Their material, structure, motif and color fly in the face of local tradition. The dense complexity created by their interlocking square, triangle and diamond motifs suggests cosmic mazes - treasure maps to the unconscious. Pis puzzle us and compel our imaginations. Some history is in order. The Philippine Archipelago was fi rst peopled during the Pleistocene when it was connected by land bridges with the Southeast Asia main land. What became the Sulus offered a wann climate, access to water trade, fertile volcanic soils. -
The Lahad Datu Incursion and Its Impact on Malaysia's Security
THE LAHAD DATU INCURSION its Impact on MALAYSIA’S SECURITY by JASMINE JAWHAR & KENNIMROD SARIBURAJA “Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success.” - Henry Ford - Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in Publication Data Jasmine Jawhar THE LAHAD DATU INCURSION AND ITS IMPACT ON MALAYSIA’S SECURITY ISBN: 978-983-44397-8-1 1. National security--Malaysia 2. Territorial waters--Sabah (Malaysia(. 3. Internal security-- Malaysia-- Lahad Datu (Sabah). 4. Security clearances-- Malaysia -- Lahad Datu (Sabah). 5. Lahad Datu (Sabah, Malaysia)-- emigration and immigration. I. Sariburaja, Kennimrod, 1983-.II. Title. 959.52152 First published in 2016 SEARCCT is dedicated to advocating the understanding of issues pertaining to terrorism and counter-terrorism and contributing ideas for counter- terrorism policy. The Centre accomplishes this mainly by organising capacity building courses, research, publications and public awareness programmes. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher. All statements of facts, opinions and expressions contained in this work are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Malaysia. The Government of Malaysia assume no responsibility for any statements of facts or opinions expressed in this work. PUBLISHER The Southeast Asia Regional Centre for Counter-Terrorism (SEARCCT), Ministry