Levee Breach Consequence Model Validated by Case Study in Joso, Japan
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Enhancing the Resilience to Flooding Induced by Levee Breaches In
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 59–72, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-59-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Enhancing the resilience to flooding induced by levee breaches in lowland areas: a methodology based on numerical modelling Alessia Ferrari, Susanna Dazzi, Renato Vacondio, and Paolo Mignosa Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy Correspondence: Alessia Ferrari ([email protected]) Received: 18 April 2019 – Discussion started: 22 May 2019 Revised: 9 October 2019 – Accepted: 4 December 2019 – Published: 13 January 2020 Abstract. With the aim of improving resilience to flooding occurrence of extreme flood events (Alfieri et al., 2015) and and increasing preparedness to face levee-breach-induced in- the related damage (Dottori et al., 2018) in the future. undations, this paper presents a methodology for creating a Among the possible causes of flooding, levee breaching wide database of numerically simulated flooding scenarios deserves special attention. Due to the well-known “levee ef- due to embankment failures, applicable to any lowland area fect”, structural flood protection systems, such as levees, de- protected by river levees. The analysis of the detailed spa- termine an increase in flood exposure. In fact, the presence tial and temporal flood data obtained from these hypothetical of this hydraulic defence creates a feeling of safety among scenarios is expected to contribute both to the development people living in flood-prone areas, resulting in the growth of of civil protection planning and to immediate actions during settlements and in the reduction of preparedness and hence a possible future flood event (comparable to one of the avail- in the increase in vulnerability in those areas (Di Baldassarre able simulations in the database) for which real-time mod- et al., 2015). -
Preliminary Report on the Performance of the New Orleans Levee Systems in Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005
Preliminary Report on the Performance of the New Orleans Levee Systems in Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005 by R.B. Seed, P.G. Nicholson, R.A. Dalrymple, J. Battjes, R.G. Bea, G. Boutwell, J.D. Bray, B. D. Collins, L.F. Harder, J.R. Headland, M. Inamine, R.E. Kayen, R. Kuhr, J. M. Pestana, R. Sanders, F. Silva-Tulla, R. Storesund, S. Tanaka, J. Wartman, T. F. Wolff, L. Wooten and T. Zimmie Preliminary findings from field investigations and associated studies performed by teams from the University of California at Berkeley and the American Society of Civil Engineers, as well as a number of cooperating engineers and scientists, shortly after the hurricane. Report No. UCB/CITRIS – 05/01 November 2, 2005 New Orleans Levee Systems Hurricane Katrina August 29, 2005 This project was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMS-0413327. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation. This report contains the observations and findings of a joint investigation between independent teams of professional engineers with a wide array of expertise. The materials contained herein are the observations and professional opinions of these individuals, and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or endorsement of ASCE or any other group or agency, Table of Contents i November 2, 2005 New Orleans Levee Systems Hurricane Katrina August 29, 2005 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...……………………………………………………………… iv Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview 1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………... 1-1 1.2 Hurricane Katrina …………………………………………………………. -
1961 Climbers Outing in the Icefield Range of the St
the Mountaineer 1962 Entered as second-class matter, April 8, 1922, at Post Office in Seattle, Wash., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly and semi-monthly during March and December by THE MOUNTAINEERS, P. 0. Box 122, Seattle 11, Wash. Clubroom is at 523 Pike Street in Seattle. Subscription price is $3.00 per year. The Mountaineers To explore and study the mountains, forests, and watercourses of the Northwest; To gather into permanent form the history and traditions of this region; To preserve by the encouragement of protective legislation or otherwise the natural beauty of Northwest America; To make expeditions into these regions in fulfillment of the above purposes; To encourage a spirit of good fellowship among all lovers of outdoor Zif e. EDITORIAL STAFF Nancy Miller, Editor, Marjorie Wilson, Betty Manning, Winifred Coleman The Mountaineers OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES Robert N. Latz, President Peggy Lawton, Secretary Arthur Bratsberg, Vice-President Edward H. Murray, Treasurer A. L. Crittenden Frank Fickeisen Peggy Lawton John Klos William Marzolf Nancy Miller Morris Moen Roy A. Snider Ira Spring Leon Uziel E. A. Robinson (Ex-Officio) James Geniesse (Everett) J. D. Cockrell (Tacoma) James Pennington (Jr. Representative) OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES : TACOMA BRANCH Nels Bjarke, Chairman Wilma Shannon, Treasurer Harry Connor, Vice Chairman Miles Johnson John Freeman (Ex-Officio) (Jr. Representative) Jack Gallagher James Henriot Edith Goodman George Munday Helen Sohlberg, Secretary OFFICERS: EVERETT BRANCH Jim Geniesse, Chairman Dorothy Philipp, Secretary Ralph Mackey, Treasurer COPYRIGHT 1962 BY THE MOUNTAINEERS The Mountaineer Climbing Code· A climbing party of three is the minimum, unless adequate support is available who have knowledge that the climb is in progress. -
A FAILURE of INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina
A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina U.S. House of Representatives 4 A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Union Calendar No. 00 109th Congress Report 2nd Session 000-000 A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Report by the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoacess.gov/congress/index.html February 15, 2006. — Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U. S. GOVERNMEN T PRINTING OFFICE Keeping America Informed I www.gpo.gov WASHINGTON 2 0 0 6 23950 PDF For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 COVER PHOTO: FEMA, BACKGROUND PHOTO: NASA SELECT BIPARTISAN COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE PREPARATION FOR AND RESPONSE TO HURRICANE KATRINA TOM DAVIS, (VA) Chairman HAROLD ROGERS (KY) CHRISTOPHER SHAYS (CT) HENRY BONILLA (TX) STEVE BUYER (IN) SUE MYRICK (NC) MAC THORNBERRY (TX) KAY GRANGER (TX) CHARLES W. “CHIP” PICKERING (MS) BILL SHUSTER (PA) JEFF MILLER (FL) Members who participated at the invitation of the Select Committee CHARLIE MELANCON (LA) GENE TAYLOR (MS) WILLIAM J. -
Alaska Range
Alaska Range Introduction The heavily glacierized Alaska Range consists of a number of adjacent and discrete mountain ranges that extend in an arc more than 750 km long (figs. 1, 381). From east to west, named ranges include the Nutzotin, Mentas- ta, Amphitheater, Clearwater, Tokosha, Kichatna, Teocalli, Tordrillo, Terra Cotta, and Revelation Mountains. This arcuate mountain massif spans the area from the White River, just east of the Canadian Border, to Merrill Pass on the western side of Cook Inlet southwest of Anchorage. Many of the indi- Figure 381.—Index map of vidual ranges support glaciers. The total glacier area of the Alaska Range is the Alaska Range showing 2 approximately 13,900 km (Post and Meier, 1980, p. 45). Its several thousand the glacierized areas. Index glaciers range in size from tiny unnamed cirque glaciers with areas of less map modified from Field than 1 km2 to very large valley glaciers with lengths up to 76 km (Denton (1975a). Figure 382.—Enlargement of NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) image mosaic of the Alaska Range in summer 1995. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration image mosaic from Mike Fleming, Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska. The numbers 1–5 indicate the seg- ments of the Alaska Range discussed in the text. K406 SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD and Field, 1975a, p. 575) and areas of greater than 500 km2. Alaska Range glaciers extend in elevation from above 6,000 m, near the summit of Mount McKinley, to slightly more than 100 m above sea level at Capps and Triumvi- rate Glaciers in the southwestern part of the range. -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition. -
Cost-Effective Levee Design for Cases Along the Meuse River Including Uncertain- Ties in Hydraulic Loads
Cost-effective levee design for cases along the Meuse river including uncertain- ties in hydraulic loads B. Broers Delft University of Technology . Cost-effective levee design for cases along the Meuse river including uncertainties in hydraulic loads by Ing. B. Broers in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering at the Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences to be defended publicly on January 15, 2015 Student number: 4184408 Supervisor: Prof. dr. ir. M. Kok, TU Delft - Hydraulic Engineering section Thesis committee: Dr. ir. T. Schweckendiek, TU Delft - Hydraulic Engineering section Ir. drs. J. G. Verlaan, TU Delft - Construction Management and Engineering section Ir. S.A. van Lammeren, Royal HaskoningDHV Ir. drs. E. R. Kuipers, Waterschap Peel en Maasvallei An electronic version of this thesis is available at http://repository.tudelft.nl/. Preface This MSc Thesis reflects the final part of the Master of Science degree in Hydraulic Engineering at the Civil Engineering and Geosciences Faculty of the Delft University of Technology. The research is per- formed under guidance of the Delft University of Technology in cooperation with Royal HaskoningDHV and Waterschap Peel & Maasvallei. I like to thank many people for their support and cooperation during my graduation thesis. In the first place I thank my direct supervisors: Timo Schweckendiek, Enno Kuipers and Bas van Lammeren for their helpful feedback, enthusiasm and guidance during the thesis. Many thanks to Prof. Matthijs Kok for his support and advice. My thanks to Jules Verlaan too, who helped me especially in the field of LCCA. -
Caves, Denuded Caves and Collapse Dolines As Past Hydrological Pattern Indicators of the Grabovica Plateau, the Dinaric Karst (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
RAZPRAVE Dela 49 ● 2018 ● 95–111 CAVES, DENUDED CAVES AND COLLAPSE DOLINES AS PAST HYDROLOGICAL PATTERN INDICATORS OF THE GRABOVICA PLATEAU, THE DINARIC KARST (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA) Uroš Stepišnik*, PhD., Aleš Grlj** *Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana ** Institute of Anthropological and Spatial Studies, ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Original scientific article COBISS 1.01 DOI: 10.4312/dela.49.95-111 Abstract The Grabovica Plateau is a corrosion plain in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The whole area is characterised by a through-flow karst system, where subsurface streams submerging at Duvanjsko polje are directed towards springs at Livanjsko polje. In this study, we conducted morphographic and morphometric investigation of surface and sub- surface features, especially collapse dolines, denuded caves along with active and inactive cave systems. We interpreted morphogenesis and past hydrologic pattern within the area. Keywords: collapse doline, denuded cave, geomorphology, speleology, hydrology JAME, DENUDIRANE JAME IN UDORNICE KOT KAZALNIKI NEKDA- NJEGA HIDROLOŠKEGA DELOVANJA PLANOTE GRABOVICA (BO- SNIA IN HERCEGOVINA) Izvleček Planota Grabovica je korozijska uravnava v južnem delu Bosne in Hercegovine. Za celot- no območje je značilen pretočni kras, kjer podzemni tokovi, ki ponikajo na Duvanjskem polju, odtekajo v smeri izvirov na Livanjskem polju. V tej raziskavi smo izdelali mor- fografske in morfometrične analize površinskih in podzemskih oblik, predvsem udornic, denudiranih jam ter aktivnih in reliktnih jamskih sistemov. Interpretirali smo morfogene- zo in preteklo hidrološko delovanje proučevanega območja. Ključne besede: udornica, denudirana jama, geomorfologija, speleologija, hidrologija 95 Dela_49_FINAL.indd 95 21.12.2018 11:16:28 Uroš Stepišnik, Aleš Grlj / Dela 49 ● 2018 ● 95–111 1 INTRODUCTION The Dinaric Alps are located in the western Balkan Peninsula almost parallel to the east- ern Adriatic coast. -
Cosmogenic Age Constraints on Post-LGM Catastrophic Rock Slope Failures in the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians)
Catena 138 (2016) 52–67 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Catena journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/catena Cosmogenic age constraints on post-LGM catastrophic rock slope failures in the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) Tomáš Pánek a,ZbyněkEngelb, Pavel Mentlík c,⁎, Régis Braucher d,MichalBřežný a, Václav Škarpich a,AlbertZondervane a Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic b Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Praha, Czech Republic c Centre of Biology, Geoscience and Environmental Education, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň, Czech Republic d Aix-Marseille Université, CEREGE, CNRS UM 34, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France e Environment and Materials Division, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand article info abstract Article history: Although deglaciation is one of the crucial factors controlling the stability of slopes in high mountains, the chro- Received 30 June 2015 nological response of rock slope failure (RSF) to glacier retreat still remains poorly known. Here we provide the Received in revised form 19 October 2015 first cosmogenic (10Be) age constraints on prominent rock avalanches and rockfalls (collectively termed ‘rock Accepted 10 November 2015 slope failures’–RSFs) from the Tatra Mountains, the highest mountain range with the most pronounced glacier Available online xxxx morphology within the Carpathians. Six representative RSFs were selected for surface exposure dating in the Keywords: mountain range. Two sites are situated in the western part with less pronounced local relief and gentler slope Rock slope failures gradient, and four come from the highest eastern part with oversteepened rock slopes. -
When the Levees Break: Relief Cuts and Flood Management in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
UC Berkeley Hydrology Title When the levees break: Relief cuts and flood management in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qt8v88d Authors Fransen, Lindsey Ludy, Jessica Matella, Mary Publication Date 2008-05-16 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California When the levees break: Relief cuts and flood management in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Hydrology for Planners LA 222 Lindsey Fransen, Jessica Ludy, and Mary Matella FINAL DRAFT May 16, 2008 Abstract The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is one of California’s most important geographic regions. It supports significant agricultural, urban, and ecological systems and delivers water to two-thirds of the state’s population, but faces extremely high risks of disaster. Largely below sea level and supported by 1,100 miles of aging dikes and levees, the Delta system is subject to frequent flooding. Jurisdictional and financial disincentives to better flood planning prevent coordination that might otherwise reduce both costs and damages. This study highlights one possible flood mitigation technique called a relief cut, which is an intentional break in a downslope levee to allow water that has overtopped or breached an upslope levee to drain back into the river. This flood management technique is “smart” when located in appropriate areas so that floodwaters can be managed most efficiently and safely after a levee break. We identify four key constraints and make four recommendations for flood management planning. The -
The Hurricane Katrina Levee Breach Litigation: Getting the First Geoengineering Liability Case Right
Richards Final.docx (DO NOT DELETE) 2/10/2012 9:50 AM ESSAY THE HURRICANE KATRINA LEVEE BREACH LITIGATION: GETTING THE FIRST GEOENGINEERING LIABILITY CASE RIGHT † EDWARD P. RICHARDS INTRODUCTION In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina flattened the Gulf Coast from the Alabama border to 100 miles west of New Orleans. The New Or- leans levees failed, and much of the city was flooded. More than 1800 people died,1 and property damage is estimated at $108 billion.2 While Katrina was not the most deadly or expensive hurricane in U.S. history, it was the worst storm in more than eighty years and destroyed public complacency about the government’s ability to respond to disasters. The conventional story of the destruction of New Orleans is that the levees broke because the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) did not design and build them correctly. The district court’s holding in In re Katrina Canal Breaches Consolidated Litigation (Robinson),3 dis- † Clarence W. Edwards Professor of Law and Director, Program in Law, Science, and Public Health at the Louisiana State University Law Center. Email: rich- [email protected]. For more information, see http://biotech.law.lsu.edu. Thanks to Kathy Haggar and Kelly Haggar of Riparian, Inc., a wetland consulting firm in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, for research assistance in geology and coastal geomorphology. 1 RICHARD D. KNABB ET AL., NAT’L HURRICANE CTR., TROPICAL CYCLONE RE- PORT: HURRICANE KATRINA 11 (2005), available at http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/ katrina/govdocs/TCR-AL122005_Katrina.pdf. 2 Id. at 13. 3 647 F. Supp. -
A Guide to the Geology of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
A Guide to the Geology of ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK COLORADO For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 15 cents A Guide to the Geology of ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK [ COLORADO ] By Carroll H. Wegemann Former Regional Geologist, National Park Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE . NEWTON B. DRURY, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1944 Table of Contents PAGE INTRODUCTION in BASIC FACTS ON GEOLOGY 1 THE OLDEST ROCKS OF THE PARK 2 THE FIRST MOUNTAINS 3 The Destruction of the First Mountains 3 NATURE OF PALEOZOIC DEPOSITS INDICATES PRESENCE OF SECOND MOUNTAINS 4 THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS 4 Time and Form of the Mountain Folding 5 Erosion Followed by Regional Uplift 5 Evidences of Intermittent Uplift 8 THE GREAT ICE AGE 10 Continental Glaciers 11 Valley Glaciers 11 POINTS OF INTEREST ALONG PARK ROADS 15 ROAD LOGS 18 Thompson River Entrance to Deer Ridge Junction 18 Deer Ridge Junction to Fall River Pass via Fall River .... 20 Fall River Pass to Poudre Lakes 23 Trail Ridge Road between Fall River Pass and Deer Ridge Junction 24 Deer Ridge Junction to Fall River Entrance via Horseshoe Park 29 Bear Lake Road 29 ILLUSTRATIONS LONGS PEAK FROM BEAR LAKE Front and back covers CHASM FALLS Inside back cover FIGURE PAGE 1. GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE iv 2. LONGS PEAK FROM THE EAST 3 3. PROFILE SECTION ACROSS THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS 5 4. ANCIENT EROSIONAL PLAIN ON TRAIL RIDGE 6 5. ANCIENT EROSIONAL PLAIN FROM FLATTOP MOUNTAIN ... 7 6. VIEW NORTHWEST FROM LONGS PEAK 8 7.