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Marine Mollusca of Isotope Stages of the Last 2 Million Years in New Zealand

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Marine Mollusca of Isotope Stages of the Last 2 Million Years in New Zealand Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Vol. 40, Nos. 3Á4, SeptemberÁDecember 2010, 59Á180 Marine Mollusca of isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 3. Gastropoda (Vetigastropoda - Littorinimorpha). AG Beu* GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand (Received 1 December 2009; final version received 10 June 2010) Three new species: Grandicrepidula hemispherica (Nukumaruan, S Hawke’s Bay), Pelicaria granttaylori (Mangapanian-early Nukumaruan, Wanganui - Hawke’s bay), Pelicaria arahura (Waipipian-early Mangapanian, Westland and Hawke’s Bay). Drawings of marine species in Smith’s (1874) three plates of New Zealand molluscan types are republished. Further Australian molluscs in Wanganui Basin: Sabia australis (Lamarck), Clanculus plebejus (Philippi), both early Nukumaruan. Further northern New Zealand mollusc in Wanganui Basin: Stephopoma roseum (Quoy & Gaimard), OIS 13, 9. Distinctive gastropods extinct at end Nukumaruan: Struthiolaria frazeri (Hutton), Taxonia suteri (Marwick). Taniella planisuturalis (Marwick) (Opoitian- Nukumaruan, southern NZ) and Trivia (Ellatrivia) zealandica (Kirk) (Nukumaruan, Hawke’s Bay-Wanganui; Castlecliffian, North Canterbury) occur in Castlecliffian (OIS 15?) rocks at Whakatane. Cantharidella tessellata (A. Adams) and Risellopsis varia (Hutton), formerly Haweran, are recorded from Nukumaruan and Castlecliffian rocks, respectively. New fossil late Nukumaruan-early Castlecliffian records listed from Mikonui-1 offshore well, Westland, include Malluvium calcareum (Suter) and 10 other species. Other biostratigraphically useful gastropods: Calliostoma (Maurea) nukumaruense (Laws) (Mangapanian-OIS 17); Argobuccinum pustulosum (Lightfoot), Semicassis labiata (Perry) (both earliest in OIS 7). New synonymy: Zeacumantus perplexus (Marshall & Murdoch)Z. lutulentus (Kiener); Pelicaria vermis (Martyn)all named Nukumaruan-Recent forms (other than P. rugosa (Marwick) and P. granttaylori n. sp.); Trivia flora MarwickT. zealandica Kirk. Taxonomy revised: Zelippistes benhami (Suter) (OIS 13 & 9 at Wanganui), distinguished from Lippistes and Separatista; Stiracolpus species, informally; Maoricrypta profunda (Hutton), Waipipian-early Castlecliffian (- OIS 19); M. radiata (Hutton) (incurva Zittel,hochetteriana Woods,wilckensi Finlay), (Middle Miocene?) Tongaporutuan-Opoitian; Eunaticina cincta (Hutton), holotype illustrated. Keywords: biostratigraphy; Castlecliffian; dispersal; E. A. Smith’s illustrations; Haweran; Holocene; Mollusca; new species; New Zealand; Nukumaruan; oxygen isotope stages; Downloaded by [193.191.134.1] at 23:35 12 February 2012 Pleistocene; Pliocene; time scale; Wanganui Basin Introduction late Neogene to Recent molluscs, including This paper is the third part of a revision of migrants from eastern Australia and the tropi- the taxonomy and biostratigraphy of New cal Pacific that appeared only briefly in New Zealand fossil Mollusca of the last two million Zealand during interglacial periods. The second years, with comments on related Recent and (Beu 2006) reconsidered time ranges and earlier Pliocene taxa. The first report (Beu taxonomy of bivalves over this period, includ- 2004) reconsidered the generic positions or ing further warm-water migrants. The present specific determinations of some New Zealand report is a reconsideration of the time ranges *Email: [email protected] ISSN 0303-6758 print/ISSN 1175-8899 online # 2010 The Royal Society of New Zealand DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2010.500717 http://www.informaworld.com 60 AG Beu and taxonomy of some gastropods over the material being required to confirm the char- same period, with time ranges recorded in acters of an apparently unnamed species oxygen isotope stages (OIS) where possible. (GS4057, R22/f6388, Kaikokopu Shellbed, Because of space considerations, a number of OIS 19, Castlecliff coastal section). Still others, further gastropods requiring revision have been such as the several new species of Nuculidae deleted from this work (partially listed in Part that Fleming intended to name, are well 4). A similar paper on ‘‘higher’’ Gastropoda founded but would be better to revise on the (Ptenoglossa, Neogastropada and Heterobran- basis of the Recent fauna, where all have chia) and a summary paper are in press. Time proved to be common (BA Marshall NMNZ ranges have been compiled from the detailed pers. comm.). They have not been included in faunal lists provided for the formations of these papers. The section on Gastropoda has Wanganui Basin by Fleming (1953), assigned been divided into two papers, and a biostrati- to individual oxygen isotope stages in the graphy section on gastropods, similar to that correlation diagram of cycles in Wanganui presented in the earlier Parts 1 and 2 (Beu 2004, Basin compiled by Carter & Naish (1999). 2006), will be included in Part 4, the second The faunas included in this overview, their gastropod part. ages and their oxygen isotope stage correlations were summarized in Part 1 of this series of papers (Beu 2004), modified slightly in the Smith’s (1874)illustrations of New Zealand introduction to Part 2 (Beu 2006), and are not Mollusca repeated here. Once again this work is founded One of the most useful but now hard to obtain on the seminal works on Wanganui Basin by of early publications on New Zealand Mollusca Fleming (1947, 1953), and much of what the is EA Smith’s (1874) three plates illustrating present ‘Wanganui Basin working group’ has type specimens in the Natural History published (particularly Beu 2004, 2006; Abbott Museum, London (part of the British Museum et al. 2005; Naish et al. 2005; Pillans et al. 2005) in 1874) of common New Zealand shallow- is based on Fleming’s brilliant foundation. water Mollusca. The illustrations seem to have Fleming (1953) listed a number of possibly been prepared at an earlier date, apparently for new taxa in his faunal lists from Wanganui JE Gray before the publication of Gray (1843). PlioceneÁPleistocene formations, based on Smith’s (1874:1) introduction to a brief text of material in GNS. Some of Fleming’s material only seven pages stated: ‘The four following is surprising for temperature and migration excellent plates will be very acceptable to interpretations, particularly the records (below) Conchologists, as they contain figures of of Sabia and Clanculus from early Nukumar- several species (about twenty) which, until Downloaded by [193.191.134.1] at 23:35 12 February 2012 uan rocks in Opawe Stream, Pohangina valley, the present time, have been known only by in eastern Wanganui Basin outside Fleming’s descriptions, in some instances very short and (1953) mapped area. However, many of the insufficient, and also the more interesting as, in putative new taxa listed by Fleming (1953) are thirty-one instances, the actual type specimens based on very few specimens, and possibly are are delineated. [New line] Plates 1 to 3 are undescribed but require confirmation from devoted exclusively to species belonging to the more material (e.g. species he assigned to New Zealand fauna. Four of them are new to Scissurella, Nobolira, Scrobs and Aupouria). science, and three, described some years since, Other potential new species now seem not to are unrecorded in Von Martens’ [1873] very be different from Recent species that are more useful ‘‘Critical list of the Mollusca of New variable than Fleming realized. A single Pervi- Zealand’’. [New line] Plate 4 includes, with one cacia specimen with a much larger protoconch exception (Helix menkeana), figures of some than Recent ones is a typical case of more Australian Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Marine Mollusca of oxygen isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand 61 which two appear to be as yet undescribed. ‘‘Genera of recent Mollusca’’ vol. I., p. 280; [New line] All the species with the exception of but as I cannot find a description of any Bulimus antipodum and Vermetus cariniferus are species so designated, I append the following:’ in the British Museum, and those preceded by [description follows]. Smith (1874:4) noted a * were presented by Sir John Richardson, that ‘The figure representing this species is M.D., F.R.S.’. Nearly all the terrestrial snails not characteristic, for it is taken from a young are Australian; none of the non-marine taxa example, and the form of the mouth is very illustrated by Smith is included here. The different from that of the adult shell’. Smith’s figures of marine molluscs on the first three of illustration evidently is of a different species Smith’s (1874) plates are republished here, from the adult syntype, as the illustration scanned from the published originals, approxi- shows Xymene plebeius (Hutton, 1873) mately as oriented by Smith but rearranged, to (Muricidae). Suter (1913:296, pl. 44, fig. 9) make them more widely available. A few small adopted T. clathrata in place of the prior figures on the plates are unnumbered and are T. inornata Hutton, 1873, the common not referred to in Smith’s text or captions, and PlioceneÁRecent species usually known as are not included here. Trichosirius inornatus, on the grounds that Determining which of Smith’s illustrations Hutton’s species had not been illustrated, an show type specimens is complicated, as only 25 unacceptable criterion even in 1913. He did of the captions state ‘Type’, ‘Type figured’, or not mention the Xymene illustration. Even ‘Type in the British Museum’, rather than the 31 Iredale (1915:456), when reinstating Hutton’s stated by Smith. All types are still present in the name, did not mention the
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