Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in

Creative Industries Series No. 8 For more information contact WIPO at www.wipo.int World Intellectual Property Organization 34, chemin des Colombettes P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20

Telephone: +41 22 338 91 11 Fax: +41 22 733 54 28 Credits for Cover Screenshots: Image (top left) courtesy of franky242 / FreeDigitalPhotos.net Image (lower right) courtesy of domdeen / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

WIPO Publication No. 1044E ISBN 978-92-805-2547-2 October 2014 STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and 1 Related Rights Industries in Indonesia 6 8 9 66 67 66 69 70 72 82 84 65 65 53 64 47 57 60 41 60 13 35 12 14 19 29 11 12 17 20 23 12 23 LIST OF COPYRIGHT-BASED INDUSTRIES LIST OF COPYRIGHT-BASED INDUSTRIES BEFORE FACTORING OF THE COPYRIGHT-BASED VALUES THE QUESTIONNAIRE Industry Music Industry Publishing Industry Software Industry Software Copyright Factors Advertising Services Contribution of Copyright Industries Total Movie Industry Non-dedicated Support Industries Copyright Law Enforcement in Indonesia Copyright Law Enforcement Partial Copyright Industries Electronic Information and Transaction Law and Transaction Information Electronic the Study and Parties Involved in Conducting Process Copyright Industries Interdependent Copyright Law Copyright Industries Core 9.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9.5 9.4 9.3 7.6 9.2 RELATED STUDY ON CREATIVE SECTORS IN INDONESIA AND CONTRIBUTION TO SECTORS IN INDONESIA AND CONTRIBUTION STUDY ON CREATIVE RELATED ECONOMY NATIONAL 7.5 9.1 SOME INDICATORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPYRIGHT-BASED INDUSTRIES IN OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPYRIGHT-BASED SOME INDICATORS INDONESIA 7.4 3.3 7.3 FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE ECONOMIC FOR CALCULATING FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY RIGHTS INDUSTRIES RELATED CONTRIBUTION OF COPYRIGHT AND 3.2 5.1 7.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY OBJECTIVES OF THE METHOD AND SOURCES OF DATA OF THE SURVEY RESULTS 3.1 7.1 OF COPYRIGHT IN INDONESIA LEGAL FRAMEWORK INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA – ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF COPYRIGHT THE RESULTS INTERNATIONAL 10. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS 11. REFERENCES APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 8. 9. 4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 5. 6. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table of Contents Table 3. 7. 2 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-22: Chart 7-21: Chart 7-20: Chart 7-19: Chart 7-18: Chart 7-17: Chart 7-16: Chart 7-15: Chart 7-14: Chart 7-13: Chart 7-12: Chart 7-11: Chart 7-10: Chart 7-9: Chart 7-8: Chart 7-7: Chart 7-6: Chart 7-5: Chart 7-4: Chart 7-3: Chart 7-2: Chart 7-1: Charts Contribution ofthePartialCopyright Industries(%)toOutput by Industry Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustriesinterms ofEmployment, by Industry Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustriesinterms ofValue Added, Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustriesinterms ofOutput,byIndustry Industries intermsofEmployment Relative ContributionofEachInterdependent IndustrytoTotal Interdependent Industries intermsofValue Added Relative ContributionofEachInterdependent IndustrytoTotal Interdependent Industries intermsof Output Relative ContributionofEachInterdependent IndustrytoTotal Interdependent by Industry Contribution oftheInterdependent CopyrightIndustriestoEmployment(%), by Industry Contribution oftheInterdependent CopyrightIndustriestoValue-Added (%), by Industry Contribution oftheInterdependent CopyrightIndustriestoOutput(%), by Industry Contribution oftheInterdependent CopyrightIndustriesintermsofEmployment, by Industry Contribution oftheInterdependent CopyrightIndustriesintermsofValue added, Industry 30 Contribution oftheInterdependent CopyrightIndustriesintermsofOutput,by Industries intermsofEmployment Relative ContributionofEachCore CopyrightIndustrytoTotal Core Copyright Industries intermsofValue Added Relative ContributionofEachCore CopyrightIndustrytoTotal Core Copyright Industries intermsof Output Relative ContributionofEachCore CopyrightIndustrytoTotal Core Copyright Contribution oftheCore CopyrightIndustries(%)toEmployment,byIndustry Contribution oftheCore CopyrightIndustry(%)toValue Added,byIndustry Contribution oftheCore CopyrightIndustry(%)toOutput,by Contribution ofCore CopyrightIndustriesintermsofEmployment,byIndustry Contribution ofCore CopyrightIndustriesintermsofValue Added,byIndustry Contribution ofCore CopyrightIndustriesintermsofOutput,byIndustry 38 37 36 36 35 34 34 33 32 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 26 26 25 24 24 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and 3 Related Rights Industries in Indonesia 38 39 40 40 41 42 42 43 44 44 45 46 46 47 48 48 49 50 50 51 52 52 53 61 62 64 Contribution of the Partial Copyright Industries (%) to Value added (%) to Value Industries of the Partial Copyright Contribution (%) to Industries of the Partial Copyright Contribution Relative Contribution of Each Partial Copyright Industry to Total Partial Copyright Partial to Total of Each Partial Copyright Industry Relative Contribution of Output Industries in terms Relative Contribution of Each Partial Copyright Industry to Total Partial Copyright Partial to Total of Each Partial Copyright Industry Relative Contribution Added of Value Industries in terms Relative Contribution of Each Partial Copyright Industry to Total Partial Copyright Partial to Total of Each Partial Copyright Industry Relative Contribution of Employment Industries in terms Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries in terms of Output Non-dedicated Support Industries in Contribution of the Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries in terms of Value Added terms of Value Non-dedicated Support Industries in Contribution of the Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries in terms of Employment Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries (%) to Output Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries (%) to Value added Industries (%) to Value Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries (%) to Employment Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated Support Industry to Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated terms of Output Non-dedicated Support Industries in Total Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated Support Industry to Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated Added terms of Value Non-dedicated Support Industries in Total Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated Support Industry to Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated terms of Employment Non-dedicated Support Industries in Total Contribution of Copyright Industries in terms of Output Contribution of Copyright Industries Contribution of Copyright Industries in terms of Value Added in terms of Value Contribution of Copyright Industries Contribution of Copyright Industries in terms of Employment Contribution of Copyright Industries Contribution of Copyright Industries to Output, by Category Contribution of Copyright Industries to Value Added, by Category Contribution of Copyright Industries to Value Contribution of Copyright Industries to Employment, by Category Relative Contribution of Each Copyright Industry Category to Total Copyright Relative Contribution of Each Copyright Industry Category to Total Industries in terms of Output Relative Contribution of Each Copyright Industry Category to Total Copyright Relative Contribution of Each Copyright Industry Category to Total Added Industries in terms of Value Relative Contribution of Each Copyright Industry Category to Total Copyright Relative Contribution of Each Copyright Industry Category to Total Industries in terms of Employment National Movie Production (Ministry of and Creative Economy, 2012) Economy, and Creative Tourism (Ministry of National Movie Production Number of Cinemas and Screens (Ministry of Tourism and of Tourism (Ministry Number of Cinemas and Screens 2012) Economy, Creative Advertising Expenditure in Indonesia (source: Nielsen, 2013) in Indonesia (source: Advertising Expenditure Chart 7-23: Chart 7-24: Chart 7-25: Chart 7-26: Chart 7-27: Chart 7-28: Chart 7-29: Chart 7-30: Chart 7-31: Chart 7-32: Chart 7-33: Chart 7-34: Chart 7-35: Chart 7-36: Chart 7-37: Chart 7-38: Chart 7-39: Chart 7-40: Chart 7-41: Chart 7-42: Chart 7-43: Chart 7-44: Chart 7-45: Chart 9-1: Chart 9-2: Chart 9-3: 4 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Table 9-4: Table 9-3: Table 9-2: Table 9-1: Table 8-2: Table 8-1: Table 7-17: Table 7-16: Table 7-15: Table 7-14: Table 7-13: Table 7-12: Table 7-11: Table 7-10: Table 7-9: Table 7-8: Table 7-7: Table 7-6: Table 7-5: Table 7-4: Table 7-3: Table 7-2: Table 7-1: Table 6-3: Table 6-2: Table 6-1: Table ES-1: Tables Major PlayersintheIndonesian Film/TVPrograms Industry Nationally Produced Moviesvs.Imported Foreign Movies Television Stand-AloneMoviesandTVSerialsProduction Development ofMovieIndustry GDP PerSector(Nominal)(2010) Estimates ofCreative Industries’EconomicContribution(2010) Value added,andEmployment Economic Values ofCopyright-BasedIndustryinTerms ofOutput, Copyright Factors(2010) Industries Relative ContributionofEachCopyrightIndustryCategorytoTotal Copyright Contribution ofCopyrightIndustries(%) Contribution ofCopyrightIndustries Total Non-dedicatedSupportIndustries Relative ContributionofEachNon-dedicatedSupportIndustryto Contribution oftheNon-dedicatedSupportIndustries(%) Contribution oftheNon-dedicatedSupportIndustries Industries Relative ContributionofEachPartialCopyrightIndustrytoTotal PartialCopyright Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustries(%) Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustries Interdependent CopyrightIndustries Relative ContributionofEachInterdependent CopyrightIndustrytoTotal Contribution oftheInterdependent CopyrightIndustries(%) Contribution oftheInterdependent CopyrightIndustries Copyright Industries(%) Relative ContributionofEachCore CopyrightIndustrytoTotal Core Contribution oftheCore CopyrightIndustries(%) Contribution oftheCore CopyrightIndustries Importance ofCopyright Output andCostsofProduction oftheCompanies General Profile oftheRespondents Contribution ofCopyrightIndustriesinIndonesia 63 62 61 60 58 58 55 54 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 37 35 33 31 29 27 25 23 22 21 20 6 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and 5 Related Rights Industries in Indonesia 18 64 19 65 59 66 67 68 68 Process An Example of the Disaggregation in Indonesia Expenditure Advertising Study Process in Indonesia (2005) Agencies Biggest Advertising Ten Creative Industries vis-à-vis Creative Positioning of Copyright-based Industries Number of Companies in the Handicraft Industry Number of Companies The Contribution of Total Copyright and Core Copyright Industries to Copyright Industries Copyright and Core Total The Contribution of Added Value The Contribution of Total Copyright and Core Copyright Industries to Copyright Industries Copyright and Core Total The Contribution of Employment Comparative Contribution of Copyright Industries in Indonesia, , of Copyright Industries in Indonesia, Comparative Contribution and the Figures 5-1: Figure Table 9-5: Table Figure 5-2: Figure Table 9-6: Table Figure 8-1: Figure Table 9-7: Table Table 10-1: Table Table 10-2: Table Table 10-3: Table EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This study is the first attempt to comprehensively and systematically define, identify, and estimate the economic contribution of copyright and related rights industries in Indonesia. The study employs the methodology of WIPO to define the copyright-based industries and calculate their economic contribution. Copyright is one of the main branches of intellectual property and applies to ‘every production in the literary, scientific, and artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of its expression’ (WIPO, 2002, p. 13). Unlike protection of inventions (covered under patent laws), copyright protects only the form of expression of ideas, not the ideas themselves.

Indonesia has identified creative industries as an important sector in the economy, and based on the potential in the creative sectors, creative industries are believed to make a significant contribution to the national economy. Protecting intellectual property is crucial to the success of the development of creative industries. Copyright gives the creator the legal right to be the only one allowed to reproduce, publish, and sell a book, musical recording, etc., for a certain period of time. Granting copyright and related rights will stimulate creation and innovation.

This study has three specific objectives: identifying the copyright-based industries in Indonesia; calculating the economic contribution of the copyright-based industries in Indonesia; and examining some examples of the development of the copyright industries in Indonesia.

Employing WIPO’s framework, the copyright-based industries are classified into four groups, that is:

1. The core copyright industries, which are wholly engaged in the creation, production and , performance, broadcast, communication and exhibition, or distribution and sales, of works and other protected subject matter: these industries create copyright materials as their primary product;

2. The interdependent copyright industries, which are engaged in the production, manufacture, and sale of equipment whose function is wholly or primarily to facilitate the creation, production, or use of works and other protected subject matter: these industries support and facilitate the creation of copyright

works;

3. The partial copyright industries, where only a portion of the industries’ activities are associated with the creation of copyright works; and

4. The copyright distribution industries, where a part of the activities is related to facilitating broadcast, communication, distribution or sales of works and other protected subject matter, and not included in the core copyright industries: these industries facilitate the distribution of copyright materials to businesses and consumers.

The results of the study reveal that in 2010 the estimated total contribution of copyright-based industries to the Indonesian economy was as depicted in Table ES-1 below:

Table ES-1: Contribution of Copyright Industries in Indonesia Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

6 Code Description of Industries Output Value Added (Million IDR) Employment TOTAL COPYRIGHT 673,506,900.59 (4.2%) 264,212,744.97 (4.11%) 4,064,345.55 (3.75%) 1 Core Copyright Industries 169,408,059.24 (1.06%) 67,273,614.14 (1.05%) 1,189,710.36 (1.10%) Interdependent Copyright 2 113,017,173.10 (0.70%) 41,755,138.49 (0.65%) 289,720.22 (0.27%) Industries 3 Partial Copyright Industries 346,821,234.82 (2.16%) 132,091,477.52 (2.06%) 2,223,464.22 (2.05%) Non-dedicated Support 4 44,260,433.43 (0.28%) 23,092,514.83 (0.36%) 361,450.76 (0.33%) Industries Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and 7 Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Further studies should be conducted to be able to assess the trends and dynamism of the copyright-based and dynamism of the the trends be conducted to be able to assess Further studies should on the economic as a basis to build a series of data study can be used The present industries in Indonesia. basis for Such a data series can become a solid industries in Indonesia. contribution of copyright-based government development of the industries. to formulate policies on the of industry- to gather a database Central Statistics Bureau should combine with the The Ministry of Trade data to allow more basis, specific disaggregated on a regular level data (based on their ISIC) to provide, industries in Indonesia. accurate estimation of the copyright-based baseline information on the economic contribution of copyright-based study provides The present and employment, and has not yet calculated the contribution industries in terms of output, value added social- the as well as parameters, economic other the include also should studies Further trade. foreign to in Indonesia. cultural impacts of copyright-based industries survey to be able to validate and determine more a comprehensive Further studies should also conduct in the Indonesian context. accurate copyright factors to be used the existence of an assessment of the economic contribution of Especially for the Indonesian context, some confusion with the assessment of the economic contribution copyright-based industries can create study can become useful parameters for decision-makers, the present industries. While both of creative is methodology WIPO the using industries copyright-based of contribution economic the assessing similar internationalthe to due is This insightful. particularly from drawn be can which comparisons studies conducted in many other countries. in industries creative growing of the the center at strategically placed should be study The present sectors, to in the creative creators is necessary for the prospective Indonesia. Copyright protection to the industry. encourage them to develop and later transfer their creation • • • • • • The study offers recommendations as follows: recommendations The study offers The findings of the study will reveal the importance of copyright industries as contributors to the national contributors to industries as of copyright reveal the importance will of the study The findings Indonesian the motivate will industries copyright-based of importance economic the of Awareness economy. the establishment of these industries, through strategies in support government appropriate in crafting the of the significance of awareness public’s The general and infrastructure. of an enabling environment to consume some motivation will hopefully create industries to the national economy contribution of these pirated products. genuine, rather than 8 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Project co-ordinators: IkeJanitaDewiandHenkyHermantoro. study withconfidenceandtoimprove the report asthestudyprogressed. We thankthelateProf. Theeuwesforhisvaluableguidanceandexpertise,whichenabledustobeginthis and theexpertconsultantWIPOprovided totheteam. We acknowledgethesupportofWIPOinconductingthisstudy, includingtheuseofWIPO’s methodology copyright lawandcreative industriesinIndonesia. This studyhasbeenconductedbyateamconsistingofcompetentpeopleintheirfieldsstatistics,tourism, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and 9 Related Rights Industries in Indonesia INTRODUCTION One of the main objectives of WIPO is to assist developing countries in promoting their industrialization, their One of the main objectives of WIPO is to assist developing countries in promoting the modernization and technological development through and their cultural, scientific, of their commerce, needs in scientific documentation and and copyright systems and in meeting some of their industrial property 2009). in May, the transfer of technology and technical know-how (WIPO Report as cited The research takes the definition of copyright as proposed by WIPO, a specialized agency of the United Nations copyright as proposed takes the definition of The research Rights (IPR), and established, in the global governancewhich plays a continuing role of Intellectual Property known as on intellectual property, agreement Organization (WTO), a new overarching Trade with the World also adopts the methodology devised by WIPO for 2009). The research 2009; Yu, (May, the TRIPS agreement date, this methodology To to GDP. calculating the economic contribution of the copyright-based industries , , , has been applied in 32 countries, including , Brazil, , , and . Copyright is one of the main branches of intellectual property and applies to ‘every production in the literary, in the literary, to ‘every production and applies Copyright is one of the main branches of intellectual property (WIPO, 2002, p. 13). Unlike scientific, and artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of its expression’ of only the form of expression under patent laws), copyright protects of inventions (covered the protection Organization (WIPO) defines copyright laws Intellectual Property ideas, not the ideas themselves. The World rights in literary and artistic works against those who copy or otherwise the owner of property as protecting by the author. take and use the form in which the original work was expressed Copyright and related industries are indeed major contributors to a country’s economy in terms of their value economy indeed major contributors to a country’s industries are Copyright and related to employment. (GDP), and contribution domestic product gross value in the country’s added, aggregate industries in 29 countries was 5.45%. The the average contribution of the total copyright In terms of GDP, (9.89%), by the US with 11.05%, followed by (10.30%), Korea highest contribution was recorded copyright total of contribution average the employment, of terms In (6.37%). and (6.66%), Hungary The contribution was the highest for the Philippines at 11.10%, industries in 29 countries was 5.99%. and the US (8.51%) (Gantchev, followed by (11.01%), Bhutan (10.09%), the (8.80%), study is a need to conduct this present there not yet available for Indonesia, therefore are 2011).These figures in Indonesia. The findings of the study rights industries on the economic contribution of copyright and related industries as contributors to the national economy. the importance of copyright will reveal Not only software piracy, but intellectual property rights violation in general is a common issue in Indonesia. rights violation in general is a but intellectual property piracy, Not only software the internet, of pirated CDs/DVDs, illegal downloading of music from and is a massive consumption There Society (Masyarakat Indonesia General of the Indonesian Anti-Piracy illegal book photocopying. The Secretary the national economy affect Kusumah, states that piracy activities negatively Anti Pemalsuan), Justisiari P. and receipts, exchange tax income, foreign is potential loss from (Suara Pembaruan, July 17, 2012). There that in 2005, of Indonesia reveals study conducted by the University employment opportunities. A research their jobs. violation caused 124,000 workers in 12 industries to lose intellectual property However, International the with countries of list the in 11 number at Indonesia puts (IDC) Corporation Data However, 86% and in Indonesia has reached use and distribution of pirated software piracy rate. The highest software to the 10% compared of This is an increase or IDR 12.8 Trillion. caused a potential loss of US$1.46 billion the potential commercialization piracy has decreased of software amount The growing figure. year’s previous at only US$ 239 million, far below its potential. recorded in Indonesia, which is currently. of legal software Indonesia has identified the creative industries as an important sector in the economy. Based on the potential Based on important sector in the economy. industries as an the creative Indonesia has identified national the to contribution significant make a to believed are industries creative sectors, the creative in the sector for the development of governmenteconomy and the a roadmap of Indonesia has formulated creative of development the of success the to crucial is property intellectual Protecting 2025. year the until and publish, reproduce, to allowed one the only be to right legal the the creator gives Copyright industries. rights will related of time. Granting copyright and etc., for a certain period recording, sell a book, musical is an urgent need for the government to calculate the size there innovation. Therefore, and stimulate creation of rights the protect to measures and policies develop to able be to order in industry copyright-based the of sectors. of the creative growth and thus to stimulate the creation, 1. 10 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Indonesia vis-à-visothercountries. reported. Lastly, wepresentcomparisonofthecontributioncopyrightindustries in someinternational to output, value added and employment. Some developmentin copyright industries in Indonesia is also this study. ThisstudythenidentifiesthecopyrightindustriesinIndonesiaandcalculatestheircontribution of theIndonesianlegalframeworkandadaptationWIPOmethodologyisneededproposed in vary, thispaperfirst reviews thelegalframeworkofcopyrightprotection inIndonesia.Someharmonization industries inIndonesiausingtheWIPOmethodology. Sincedefinitionofcopyrightindifferent countriesmay This studydiscussestheframeworkforstudyingeconomiccontributionofcopyrightandrelated rights conventions. international Copyright Treaty of1986,theWIPOPerformancesandPhonogramsTreaty of1996andsomeotherrelevant the Agreement onTrade-Related AspectsofIntellectualProperty Rights(theTRIPSAgreement), theWIPO Producers ofPhonogramsandBroadcasting Organizations(commonlyknownastheRomeConvention), the Protection ofLiteraryandArtisticWorks,ConventionfortheProtection theInternational ofPerformers, country’s legislation, largely the definitions are consistent with the provisions Convention for of the Berne comparisons. Whiledefinitionsofcopyrightand related rightsindifferent countriesmayvarybasedoneach andconsistentadoptionsofWIPO’scopyright-based industries.Wide methodologywillprovide international WIPO hasattemptedtodevelopapracticalinstrumentforcalculatingthesizeandcontributionofnation’s , trade,andtransferofcreations. value ofcopyrightwillalsorespondbusinessesfortheirincreased totheconcerns involvementinlicensing, role inourdailylivesalmostallfields–production, distribution,andconsumption.Studiesontheeconomic has offered anewfocusforstudiesoncopyrights.Suchperspectiveisrelevant, sincecopyrighthasa stage. Research ontheeconomicaspectsofcopyrightindustries,ascitedinfirstparagraphthispaper, May, 2009;ShultzandSaporito,1996),attemptstostudytheeconomicaspectofcopyrightsare atanearly have beentheobjectofextensiveresearch (Frankel,2009;Gervais,Gillespie,Krishna,andJarvis,2001; legal perspective.Whilethenature ofcopyright,thescopeitsprotection, enforcement, andinfringement More specifically, WIPOpromotes studyofthecopyrightindustriesbeyondtraditionalscopeapurely Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia11 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY OF THE OBJECTIVES Identifying the copyright-based industries in Indonesia. Identifying the copyright-based industries of copyright-based industries in Indonesia. Calculating the economic contribution to the copyright industries in Indonesia. Showing some development related 1. 2. 3. This study has three specific objectives, as follows: specific This study has three The findings of the study will reveal the importance of copyright industries as contributors to the national of copyright industries as contributors reveal the importance study will The findings of the will motivate of copyright-based industries of the economic importance Awareness economy of Indonesia. copyright-based industries, in support of strategies the Indonesian governmentappropriate in crafting of awareness The general public’s and infrastructure. of enabling environments the establishment through some create to the national economy will hopefully the contribution of these industries the significance of genuine, rather than pirated, products. motivation to consume 2. 12 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Copyrights Treaty. ConventionfortheProtectionratified, in1997,boththeBerne ofArtisticandLiterary Works andtheWIPO which includestheagreement onTrade-related AspectsofIntellectualProperty Rights(TRIPS).Indonesiaalso Internationally, Indonesiaisalsoasignatorytothe (WTO)agreement of1994, The lawalsocoversnewtechnologicaldevelopmentssuchasdatabases. arts alsoincludesprotection ofothertraditionalfabrics,suchastwiningandwoventextiles(ikatsongket). The lawincludestheprotection ofbatikarts,whichiscountry-specifictoIndonesia.Theprotection of 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 12 itemsofproducts withcopyrights.The12itemsare: and in2002asLawNo.19whichbecameeffective inJuly, 2003.Lawno.19,inChapter4Article12,protects in 1982,LawNo.6.Thislawhasbeenamendedthree times:in1987asLawNo.7,199712, Indonesia’s legalframeworkoncopyrightprotection wasfirstsetupbytheissueoflawoncopyrights 3.1 3. of creations onthe internet. creations within them. Chapter VI, Section 25 of the Law particularly protects the intellectual property rights electronic documentswhichare constructedasintellectualcreations, sites,andanyintellectual internet it doesmentionexplicitlythe protection ofintellectualproperty rightsoverelectronic informationand/or andelectronic primarilywithgeneralcrime intheuseofinternet transactions, While theLawisconcerned networks, orotherelectronic media. be understoodbypeople.Anelectronic transactionisanyaction carriedoutusingcomputers,computer mails, telegram,telex,telecopyorthelike,characters, symbols,ornumbers,whichhavemeaningscan not limited to, writings, sounds, pictures, maps, designs, photos, electronic data interchange (EDI), electronic Year 2008.IntheLaw, electronic informationisdefinedasoneoracollectionofelectronic data,including, but issuedtheLawonElectronicThe Indonesiangovernment Informationand Transaction asLawNo 11ofthe 3.2 forms. translation, interpretation, adaptation,anthology, databaseandothercreations forthetransferringof cinematography; and photography; batik arts; maps; architecture; art inallformssuchaspaintings,pictures, carving,calligraphy, sculpture, collageandappliedarts; dramas ormusicaldramas,dances,choreography, shadowpuppetryandmimes; songs ormusicwithwithoutlyrics; display toolsmadeforeducationandsciencepurposes; public talks,lectures, speeches, andotherrelated creations; materials; books, computerprograms, pamphlets,layoutofwrittenpublishedmaterialsandallother Copyright Law Electronic InformationandTransaction Law(Law of ‘InformasidanTransaksi Elektronik’) LEGAL FRAMEWORKOFCOPYRIGHTININDONESIA Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia13 Copyright Law Enforcement in Indonesia Law Enforcement Copyright motif designer in will not mind at all, and will even be proud, if people want to copy her/ if will not mind at all, and will even be proud, motif designer in Yogyakarta Understanding the impact of copyright-based industries on the national economy, which is revealed by this by revealed is which economy, national the on industries copyright-based of impact the Understanding in hopefully will motivate the government law enforcement to place a higher priority on copyright study, Indonesia. his motif. However, despite the measures already taken, the widespread copyright violation in Indonesia shows that taken, the widespread already despite the measures However, campaigns Further public awareness efforts. copyright law enforcement is an urgent need to strengthen there not definitely needed, since the majority of the people in Indonesia do understand the underlying principle are familiar in the context of The idea of communal copyright is more right. of copyright as an individual property that a traditional discussion conducted for this study revealed For example, a focus-group Indonesian culture. batik In terms of taking concrete actions, the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights has taken legal General of Intellectual Property Directorate actions, the In terms of taking concrete importers of pirated CDs/ has apprehended active in CD/DVD piracy, against companies that are measures and has cooperated with the police DVDs, has forbidden shopping malls to sell pirated CDs/DVDs/software, improve to governmentThe court. to perpetrators the bring to courts and measures several taken also has and of CDs/DVDs the production to regulate a Ministerial Decree for example by issuing the legislation, (Dwi Astuti, 2008). of CD/DVD reproduction purchase There are also attempts to enhance coordination between law enforcement institutions in Indonesia, that is, institutions in Indonesia, that is, between law enforcement coordination also attempts to enhance are There (now: the Ministry of Law and Legislation), the police, the Directorate the Ministry of Law and Human Rights formed have parties These Court. Attorneythe Customs, of General Supreme the and courts, the General, against violation of copyright law and to take priority actions in copyright to take legal measures a taskforce of Law and Legislation, 2008). (interview with Ministry law enforcement The government, through the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights, has also taken initiatives General of Intellectual Property The government, the Directorate through conducted to create Seminars and public discussions are Law. to raise public consciousness of the Copyright the copyright system. and understanding of awareness In the copyright registration system, there has been a development of the administration system for intellectual has been a development of the administration system for intellectual there system, In the copyright registration No. Decree based on Presidential Rights, General of Intellectual Property rights. The Directorate property a national integrated system for intellectual property 1998, is assigned to design and undertake 189 Year and obtain access for people to register to provide in the infrastructure rights. This includes improvement level. the provincial rights at information on intellectual property The Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, as the General of Intellectual Property The Directorate These measures. and repressive has taken both preventive enforcement, agency in copyright law frontline with system of copyrights, coordination administrative/ registration have included enhancement of the Human Law and of (Ministry and legislation actions, in law enforcement institutions law enforcement Rights, 2003). It is not that the government has not made any efforts to enforce the copyright law. Data from the Directorate the Directorate Data from the copyright law. enforce to It is not that the government has not made any efforts 340 cases were and Human Rights, show that there Rights, Ministry of Law Property General of Intellectual police. However, in optical disc piracy) handled by the 2004 of copyright violation (mainly in 2003 and 203 in This shows that despite to the court. up and brought followed only 39 cases were in the period 2002-2003, offices. amongst law enforcement is still a lack of coordination have been taken, there the measures The copyright enforcement in Indonesia has encountered many obstacles and challenges. While the legal many obstacles and challenges. in Indonesia has encountered The copyright enforcement Trade it. The in enforcing the governmentproblems has faced there, framework is already because Indonesia’s list, or even a priority watch list, (USTR) has put Indonesia on a watch Representative challenges such as in addressing as ineffective regarded are efforts right enforcement intellectual property availability piracy over the internet, and the widespread counterfeiting, including growing rampant piracy and products. of counterfeit pharmaceutical 3.3 14 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia 1. partial copyright,andnon-dedicatedsupportindustries.Eachcategoryisdefinedasfollows(WIPO,2002): WIPO definesthecopyright-basedindustriesintofourcategories:core copyright,interdependent copyright, industries whichare predominantly basedoncopyrightandtheoneswhichare lessdependentoncopyright. measurable, andhaveacertainscalestructure (WIPO,2002,p.26);withinthisclusterwehavetoidentify ‘copyright-based industries’. This term refers to a cluster of activities which can beidentified, are statistically The calculationoftheeconomiccontributioncopyright-basedindustrieshastofirstlydefineterm of copyrightincludessomeproportions oftheactivitiesindeliverycopyrightproducts. delivery isinterdependence. Therefore, themethodologydevelopedtocalculateeconomiccontribution to beconsumedbythemarkets.Thefunctionalrelationship betweenproduction andtradewithmeansof aspect, and not to the means of delivery. However, the means of delivery is the intermediary for the copyright by copyright,butamusicCDismeansofdelivery. Copyrightitselfonlyrefers totheintellectualproperty of apublicgood, while themeansofdelivery is typically a privategood.For example, asongisprotected principal difference betweenaprotected workandameansofdeliveryisthatthefirsthascharacteristics work appearsinthemarketandismadeavailableforconsumption.WIPO(2002,page19)statesthat the difference betweenaworkwhichisprotected bycopyrightandthe‘meansofdelivery’which The methodologydevelopedforcalculatingtheeconomiccontributionofcopyrightisbasedonunderstanding using anappropriate methodology. 2002, page19).Beingaproperty right,theeconomicvaluesofcopyrightcanbemeasured andcalculated are definedas‘theabilityofindividualstoown,buy, sell,andusetheirproperty inamarketeconomy’(WIPO, economic contributionofcopyrightistherecognition ofcopyrightasaprivateproperty right.Property rights as anindividualproperty right.Whileso-calledcommunalcopyrightmayexist,thefoundationofstudying to bedefinedinorder toclarifythebasisofdiscussions.Firstly, thisstudytakesthedefinitionofcopyright In addressing theeconomiccontributionofcopyright-basedindustries,there are severalconceptswhichhave 4. (i) (h) (g) (f) (e) (d) (c) (b) (a) for theircopyrightsubjectmatter. Thiscategoryincludesninesub-groups: matter. Inotherwords, thecore copyrightindustriesare industriesthatwouldnotbeinexistenceif broadcast, communicationandexhibition,ordistributionsalesofworksotherprotected subject These are industriesthatare whollyengagedinthecreation, production, andmanufacturing,performance, Core CopyrightIndustries copyright collectivemanagement societies. advertising services;and visual andgraphicarts; software anddatabases; photography; radio andtelevision; motion picture andvideo; music, theatricalproductions, andopera; press andliterature; INDUSTRIES ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONOFCOPYRIGHTANDRELATED RIGHTS FRAMEWORK ANDMETHODOLOGYFORCALCULATING THE Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia15 apparel; jewelry and coins; other crafts; furniture; household goods, china and glass; wall coverings and carpets; toys and games; engineering and surveying; architecture, interior design; and museums. In calculating their economic contributions, we need to assign a certain percentage to each of the percentage In calculating their economic contributions, we need to assign a certain based team, research the by made judgments on based is percentages the of assignment The industries. and detailed analysis of each industry. on a careful Non-dedicated Support Industries. to facilitating the broadcast, a part of the activities is related This category consists of industries where and is not included matter, subject communication, distribution or sales of works and other protected general retailing, wholesale and general include industries These industries. copyright the core in involve a again industries will of these and internet.and telephony transportation, effects Measuring the related to copyright products. qualified judgment to estimate the fraction their activities which is framework includes measurements the economic contribution of those industries, WIPO’s quantify To in the the employment provided of GDP attributable to them, the value added, and of the percentage copyright-based industries. is recommended added approach size of these industries in the output, the value In calculating the relative for the following has been preferred (WIPO, 2002, p 36). The value added approach as most appropriate (WIPO, 2002, p 38): reasons (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) Interdependent Copyright Industries Copyright Interdependent equipment of sale and manufacture, production, in engaged are that industries includes category This use of works and other or production, the creation, to facilitate wholly or primarily whose function is interdependent and partial interdependent is divided into core This group matter. subject protected copyright industries. their complementarity with the core industries, based on retail of TV and wholesale includes the manufacture, industries interdependent of core The first group and musical computers and equipment, DVD players and other similar equipment, sets, radios, VCRs, industries, copyright core the of products the with consumed jointly are group this of Products equipment. sets. would need TV of entertainment programs e.g., the transmission cinematographic of photographic and and retail wholesale consists of the manufacture, The second group not exclusively related These industries are material and paper. instruments, photocopiers, blank recording the value assigned to them is based but significantly facilitate their use. Therefore, to copyright products analyses on this matter. on judgments made based on careful Partial Copyright Industries to works and other protected by a portion of their activities being related characterized These industries are performance, broadcast, and manufacturing, production, subject matter and may involve creation, and sales. This category consists of nine sub-groups: communication and exhibition or distribution 4. 2. 3. 16 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia presented inAppendix 1. in measuring the economic contribution of thecopyright and related right industries in Indonesia, which is development roadmap, andtheWIPOmethodology, thispaper proposes alistofindustriestobestudied Having reviewed theexistinglegalframeworkofcopyrightprotection inIndonesia,thecreative industry are includedinone categorybyKBLI. minor difference isontheseparate categorisationofphotographyandvisualgraphicartsbyWIPOwhilethey does notexplicitlymentionthen.However, mapscaneasilybelumpedinthecategory ofbooks.Another Other minordifferences canbeeasilyresolved. Forexample,whileLawno19/2002protects maps,WIPO decision canbemadeonthepercentage ofthearchitecture activitytobetaken ascopyright-based. the industryisneeded.We havetounderstand itsstructure andprocess inagivencountryandonlythen separated. Architecture isindeedaparticularcase,therefore, acareful anddetailedanalysisofeachpart components whichare notnecessarilyabout production ofworksprotected bycopyrightandhavetobe in thecalculation.WIPO(WIPO,2002)arguesthatarchitecture containsarelatively largeportionofservice copyright industries.Theimplicationisthatonlyarelatively smallportionofthisindustry’s activityisincluded industry. However, WIPO’s classification of copyright-based industries places architecture only in the partial is acknowledgedbothbyLawno19/2002andthecreative industrydefinitionasamaincopyright-based thestatusofarchitectureThe secondadaptationconcerns inthecopyright-basedindustries.Architecture these industriestherefore belongtothepartialcopyrightindustries. non-copyright protected. ReferringtoWIPO’s definitionofthefourcategoriescopyright-basedindustries, motifs anddesigns are copyright-protectable. However, otherelementscontained in thefinalproducts are A surveyofthesesectorsreveals thattheseindustriescontaincopyrightelementsintheirproducts. The woven (),batik;andthewoodcarvingindustry(excludingfurniture). Indonesia (KBLI:Indonesia’s Standard of IndustryClassification),thiscategorywillconsisttwining(); the copyrightindustriesshouldincludehandicraftsindustries:basedonKlasifikasiBakuLapanganUsaha UNESCO aspartoftheworld’s cultural heritage.Therefore, intermsofthelistindustriestobestudied, main exportcommoditiesofmanyregions inIndonesiaandbatikartshavejustbeenacknowledgedby no 19/2002.Thiscategoryisnecessarytoaccommodatethecountry-specificfactor, sincehandicraftsare the othertraditionalfabrics,suchastwiningandwoventextiles(ikatsongket))are protected byLaw The craftsindustryisincludedinthe14sectorsofcreative industryinIndonesia.Further, batikarts(including industries. development. Thefirstadaptationistheinclusionofhandicraftindustries,includingbatikarts,incopyright with theexistinglegalprotection inIndonesiaandtheexistingdevelopmentroadmap ofcreative industry copyright-based industries’economiccontribution.However, afewadaptationsare neededtoharmonizeit will also offer comparisons,since growing international numbers of countries also employ it in calculating their does notcontradictthelegalframeworkofcopyrightprotection inIndonesia.Adoptionofthemethodology Earlier sectionshavearguedthatthemethodologyproposed byWIPOisacompleteandstandard oneand 3. 2. 1. as follows(WIPO,2002,p.41): employment shouldbeonfull-timeequivalent(FTE)bases.Employmentintheseindustriescanmeasured Since employment in these industries isoften not onapermanentorfull-time basis, the measure of 3. 2. 1. from censusresults. parties; and from bodies,orprivate industry-specificstudiesconductedbyofficialstatisticalagencies,government from input-outputtables; value addedinput-outputtables (and the surveys underlyingthem)are readily available to manycountries. it reduces thechancesofdoublecounting,and copyright-based industries; it isanindustry-centered approach whichaccords withthedesire toidentifythecontributionof Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia17 METHOD AND SOURCES OF DATA AND SOURCES METHOD Identification of copyright and related rights industries related rights Identification of copyright and by classified as codes industry their on is based industries right related and of copyright Identification related rights industries (ICR) and in a list of industries identified as copyright and KBLI. This results Copyright Industries, Partial Copyright of Core classification categorized into the four layers of WIPO’s Industries (see Appendix 1). Copyright Industries, and Non-dedicated Support Industries, Interdependent in terms of output, then estimated are related rights industries and identified copyright The sizes of the value added, and employment. Data Collection other the I-O table, with some additional and supporting data from primarily collected from The data were in the copyright industries the calculation of the employment as identified above. Specifically, sources was also based on the Employment Survey conducted in 2010. Data Analysis of data. These and aggregation the I-O table using some disaggregation extracted from Data were I-O the in sectors different in recorded often are industries copyright-based the since employed were industries. For example, table: one sector in the I-O table may contain both copyright and non-copyright industry appliances industry’, which includes the furniture ‘household Sector 87 in the I-O table records industries. For this case, we (which belongs among copyright-based industries) and other non-copyright the non-copyright industries. Other out the copyright from of data to separate employed disaggregation information. best estimates of the required to provide referred were necessary sources I-O table for 2010 of 175 sectors. Economic Census (Sensus Ekonomi) of 2005. 2006. Population Surveys (SUPAS) The Intercensal Survey (Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional) 2010. National Labor Force Industry in Indonesia, 2011 Contribution of the Sub-Sectors of Creative Ministry of Trade: of the Cultural Sectors Economy: A Study on the Economic Contribution and Creative Ministry of (2010) of data. sources Other relevant 1. 2. 3. The calculation of economic contribution of copyright and related rights industries included analysis stages rights industries included analysis stages of copyright and related The calculation of economic contribution as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. the this study also conducted a small-scale field survey for sources, secondary Beside extracting data from 50 respondents, were especially for the handicraft industries. There purposes of estimating copyright factors, handicraft industries. mainly from Following the methodology of WIPO, data for the purpose of calculating economic contribution of copyright of calculating economic contribution of WIPO, data for the purpose Following the methodology of Statistics. All Bureau collected by the Indonesia Central industries in Indonesia were rights and related table at the moment completed input-output the already to those of 2005, because benchmarked data were contribution of copyright and related calculate the economic was the 2005 I-O table. To of data collection of data were: industries, the sources This part of the research aims at two objectives, that is: (1) calculating the economic contribution of copyright (1) calculating the economic contribution aims at two objectives, that is: This part of the research other supporting data. industries in Indonesia and (2) portraying rights and related 5. 18 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Figure 5-1: 4. Economic Census)were alwaysconsulted. 109 intheI-Otable.Inarrivingatbestestimatesofdata,othernecessarysources (forexamplefrom the different sectors in the I-O table. For example, the furniture industry is recorded in both sectors 87 and Aggregation ofdatawasemployedwhenfrom onetypeofcopyrightindustrywere recorded in and retail andthatofthetransportationsub-sector. denominator isthecountry’s GDP, lessthesummationof thevalueaddedofsub-sectorwholesale the group ofinterdependent copyrightindustries and thegroup ofpartialcopyrightindustries.The written below. Thenominatoristheaggregate ofvalueaddedthegroup of core copyrightindustries, in theWIPOGuide.Theformulaforcopyrightfactor ofthenon-dedicatedsupportindustriesis The copyrightfactorofnon-dedicatedsupportindustries wasderivedfrom themethodologysuggested terms ofcopyrightandrelated rightsindustries. of Indonesia.Thesecountrieshavemanysimilaritieswith Indonesiaandshare similarcharacteristicsin using proxies of the copyright factors of Singapore, , and Malaysia, which are neighbor countries The copyrightfactorsforthepartialandinterdependent copyrightindustrieswere estimated on copyrightandrelated rights. each group shouldbeadjustedwiththe‘copyrightfactor’corresponding totheirdegree ofdependency relationship tocopyrightandrelated rights.Therefore, thecontributionofcopyrightandrelated rightsof industries, andnon-dedicatedsupportindustries)are presumed different intermsofthedegree oftheir inclusion oftheirsize,whiletheotherthree groups (partialcopyrightindustries,interdependent copyright There isabasicassumptioninthemethodologythatonlycore copyrightindustries receive 100% interdependent copyrightindustries,andnon-dedicatedsupportindustrieswhichare copyright-based. Estimation ofcopyrightfactorstodeterminethepercentages ofthesizespartialcopyrightindustries, An ExampleoftheDisaggregationProcess Copyright factorof support industries non-dedicated = GDP –valueadded(wholesale andretail+transportation) ______value added(core+interdependent+partial) Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia19 Study Process Process and Parties Involved in Conducting the Study and Parties Process Data Presentation value added, copyright industries in terms of output, in absolute size of the presented then Data were with compared also were Results indicators. economic those to contribution their and employment and both in tables presented some sense of international Data were comparison. provide other countries to and charts. Data Collection of Supporting by the various studies conducted from gathered information were other relevant Supporting data and collected data were Other relevant Economy. and Creative of Tourism and the Ministry Ministry of Trade International Nielsen and the Monetary Fund (IMF). that is, from sources, other secondary from Figure 5-2: The present study involved various stakeholders in copyright and creative industries in Indonesia, where industries in Indonesia, where stakeholders in copyright and creative study involved various The present ideas their assistance in terms of data, information, technical expertise and institutions offered relevant Ministry Economy, Tourism and Creative the Ministry of from Knowledgeable officials the study. throughout involved in the study at of Statistics were Central Bureau Ministry of Law and Legislation, and of Trade, 5-2). in a simple scheme depicted below (Figure various stages. Their contribution is reflected 5.1 5. 6. 20 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Table 6-1: more than5years,whileonly4%hadoperatedforlessyears. mixed (jointventure betweennationalandlocalinvestors:4%).Thesecompanieshadbeenestablishedfor The majorityofthecompanieswere local(42%),whiletheotherswere foreign (2%),national(10%),and were in the press andpublication(6%),advertisingservices(4%),artisticphotography(2%)industries. industries surveyedwere mainlyhandicrafts(includingbatikarts,silver, bamboo,andwoodcarving),butsome of therespondents workedinSMEs,mostofthecompanieswere managedbytheownersthemselves.The position inthecompany, 7%oftherespondents were managersand43%were owners.Sincethemajority The generalprofile ofthe respondents isshowndepictedin Table 6-1below. Intermsofthe respondents’ size. Thethird partattemptedtoassesstherole ofcopyrightintheirproducts. of thequestionnaire requested informationonthecompany’s output,numberofemployeesandproduction ownership status,yearofestablishment,andtypeproducts produced bythecompany. Thesecondpart status of the respondent and his/her position in the company, name of the company, type of industry, The firstpartofthequestionnaire containedbasicinformationaboutthe respondent’s company, suchas numerous handicraftcompanies,includingandmainlybatik-basedhandicraft,operate. be usedforthehandicraftindustry. ThesampleconsistedmainlyofSMEslocatedinYogyakarta, aregion where active inthearea ofhandicraftbecausethesurveyalsoattemptedtogaininsightintocopyrightfactor the companiesandimportanceofcopyrightcontainedintheirproducts. Themajorityofrespondents were based handicraftproducts andothers.Theobjectiveofthesurveywastogaininsightintosizeoutput mainly from smallandmediumenterprises(SMEs)intheareas ofhandicraft,batikarts,weavingproducts, silver- A survey(combinedwithinterviews)wasconductedin2012among50owners/managersofcopyrightindustries, 6. No. 1. 2. 4 5 3 Variety ofproducts Year ofestablishment Ownership status Respondent’s positioninthecompany Industry RESULTS OFTHESURVEY General ProfileoftheRespondents Survey Item audio-visual ads) Advertisements (point-of-purchase displays,billboards,printads, Photographs Books, leaflets Ceramics Leather handicrafts Woven products Batik-based handicraft >10 years 5-10 yearsago Less than5yearsago Mixed Local National Foreign Owner Manager Artistic Photography Advertising services Press andpublication Handicraft (manykinds) Description Freq 27 21 42 43 44 2 5 1 7 2 1 2 3 Percentage 54% 42% 88% 10% 86% 14% 88% 4% 4% 2% 2% 4% 6% Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia21 6% 0% 8% 0% 4% 0% 94% 70% 22% 26% 36% 34% 70% 30% 16% 60% 24% Percentage 3 0 4 0 2 0 8 47 35 11 13 18 17 35 15 30 12 Freq <10 <25 >100 >100 10-100 25-100 >25% >25% <10% <10% >1 billion Category 10%-25% 10%-25% Don’t know Don’t <200 millions 200 – 500 million 501 millions – 1 billions Full-time Part-time Production costs vary, many respondents stated ‘not certain’ (depend on costs of Production costs vary, stated ‘40-50%’. production factors), some stated ‘90%’, some Description Output and Costs of Production of the Companies Number of Employees Production costs Management costs Depreciation costs Total Turnover/ Sales per year Turnover/ Total 5 2 3 4 1 No Survey items on the importance of copyright revealed that respondents felt that copyrights were supposed were copyrights that felt respondents that revealed copyright of importance the on items Survey 6-3). Design and innovation in use of materials were to be very important in their daily operations (see Table the on data Therefore, alien. still was Indonesia in copyright of idea the However, protected. be to supposed Companies, areas. protected or supposedly importance of copyright in this case pertain to the protectable royalties. other than publishers, did not pay or receive Table 6-2: Table The question on production cost was difficult to answer, since some respondents did not know their respondents did since some answer, cost was difficult to production The question on data. Question of their not willing to reveal were costs while some others of production exact percentage the owners were respondent companies, where of confirmed the semi-informal status management costs workers than full- part-time seemed to have more companies The respondent usually also the managers. to work the employees prefer in Indonesia where to the typical characteristics of SMEs timers, perhaps due of their families. to take care still able but are Some questions in the survey asked for information on turnover and production costs of the respondent costs of the respondent on turnover asked for information in the survey Some questions production and the total the selection of SMEs as respondents, 6-2 below). Due to in Table results companies (see the 500 millions’ fell into the ‘less than turnover of respondents was not so big, and the majority of the companies category. 22 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Table 6-3: 4. 3. 2. 1 Design/R&D department.However, informally, theownersorseniorcraftsmenaredesignersthemselves. Interview resultsrevealedthatrespondents(likemosthandicraftcompaniesorSMEsinIndonesia)havenospecified department orR&D as designers/inthedesign No ofemployeesworking Royalty payments Strongly disagree(0%) Importance ofcopyrightindailyoperations Income fromRoyalties per item. Many kindsofhandicraftswerehand-madeandcustom-made.Batikpaintingsparticularlyareproducedonly1piece locking techniques. Interview resultsrevealedsomeprotectableelementsintheproducts,thatis:design,coloringtechniques,andcolor- Importance ofCopyright Disagree (0%) Especially bypublishers More than2 Yes (8%) Yes (0%) None 1-2 Agree (2%) Strongly Agree(94%) Don’t have(100%) No (92%) 47 (92%) 1 (2%) 3 (6%) Not Sure(4%) Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia23 280 58,006.26 29,734.91 80,130.00 39,098.38 22,385.22 27,207.01 619,158.06 313,710.52 1,189,710.36 Employment 4,000 814,289.76 2,391,239.37 2,047,426.17 4,102,239.16 2,237,813.42 4,280,394.79 67,273,614.14 23,675,780.97 27,720,430.50 Value Added (Million IDR) Value 13,000 5,919,114.49 5,350,445.19 5,859,472.96 2,002,116.42 61,876,077.15 66,978,943.44 10,625,622.24 10,783,267.35 169,408,059.24 Output (Million IDR) Description of Industry TOTAL Core Copyright TOTAL Press and literature Music, theatrical productions, operas Motion picture and video Radio and television Photography Software and databases Visual and graphic arts Visual Advertising services Copyright collecting societies*) Contribution of the Core Copyright Industries Contribution of the Core Copyright Industries ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF COPYRIGHT INDUSTRIES IN IN INDUSTRIES COPYRIGHT OF CONTRIBUTION ECONOMIC – THE RESULTS INDONESIA Core Copyright Industries Core

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Code The economic contribution (absolute terms) of core copyright industries is depicted in Table 7-1. In graphical In 7-1. Table in depicted is industries copyright core of terms) (absolute contribution economic The radio and to output were depicted in Charts 7-1 to 7-3. The biggest contributors formats, these data are and video. In terms of advertising services, and motion picture photography; and literature; television; press photography; advertising and literature; radio and television; press value added, the biggest contributors were employed and literature Press terms of employment, operas. In and productions, theatrical and music, services; advertising services; music, the biggest number of employees, followed by radio and television; photography; and data bases. software and operas, and theatrical productions, *Special note on the contribution of the Copyright Collecting Societies. Performing rights or rights to announce and use creations Collecting Societies. Performing rights or rights to announce and use creations *Special note on the contribution of the Copyright as stated in Section 1 Article 1 of the part of economic rights embedded in exclusive rights 2002 are in Copyright Law No. 19 Year somewhat attention and are collection and management of performing rights in Indonesia do not get proper royalty However, Law. 2002 itself does not explicitly state the establishment of a performing right collecting right society. The Law No. 19 Year controversial. copyright collecting societies acknowledged by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, that is, ‘Yayasan three are there However, Cipta Buku Indonesia’ to collect songs/music, ‘Yayasan from Karya Cipta Indonesia’ (now: ‘Karya Cipta Indonesia’) to collect royalties songs/music. The most active one is ‘Karya from to collect royalties Musik Indonesia’ books and the like, and ‘Wahana from royalties (RBT). Since in Indonesia, Ring Back Tones a very popular product now comes from of royalties Cipta Indonesia’ whose main source established, based on not yet been properly the management and data base systems of copyright collection societies in Indonesia have on their economic contribution. estimates we put very rough telephone survey and secondary sources, Table 7-1: Table 7.1 The economic contribution of copyright industries in Indonesia is calculated by industry category (that is, core (that is, core is calculated by industry category of copyright industries in Indonesia The economic contribution and non-dedicated partial copyright industries, copyright industries, interdependent copyright industries, value added, and employment. in terms of output, is measured The economic contribution support industries). 7. 24 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-1: Chart 7-2: Contribution ofCoreCopyrightIndustriesintermsOutput,byIndustry Contribution ofCoreCopyrightIndustriesintermsValue Added,byIndustry Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia25 0.03% 0.02% 0.04% 0.07% 0.29% 0.03% 0.05% 0.57% 1.10% 0.000259% Employment 0.067% 0.013% 0.035% 0.064% 0.432% 0.032% 0.037% 0.369% 1.048% 0.000062% Value added Value Output 0.067% 0.012% 0.037% 0.066% 0.417% 0.033% 0.037% 0.385% 1.055% 0.000081% Description of Industry Contribution of Core Copyright Industries in terms of Employment, by Industry of Employment, by Industries in terms of Core Copyright Contribution Contribution of the Core Copyright Industries (%) Contribution of the Core Copyright Industries Copyright collecting societies*) Advertising services Visual and graphic arts Visual Software and databases Photography Radio and television Motion picture and video Music, theatrical productions, operas Press and literature I. Core Copyright 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 Code

The contributions of core copyright industries to total national output, value added, and employment are value added, and employment are copyright industries to total national output, The contributions of core of contribution The total 7-6. to 7-4 Charts in shown are results these format, graphical In 7-2. Table in shown (to 1.10% and added), value national (to 1.048% output), national (to 1.055% were industries copyright core copyright industries contributed 0.417%, 0.385%, 0.067%, national employment). The ‘big five’ in the core contributed television and radio added, value of terms In output. to respectively, 0.037%, and 0.066%, was the second biggest contributor at and literature 0.432% to national total value added, while press television, than radio and contributed more and literature in terms of employment, press 0.369%. However, industry in and literature This indicates that the press with 0.57% and 0.29% contribution, respectively. Indonesia is labor-intensive. Table 7-2: Table Chart 7-3: 26 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-4: Chart 7-5: Contribution oftheCoreCopyrightIndustry(%)toOutput,by Contribution oftheCoreCopyrightIndustry(%)toValue Added,byIndustry Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia27 100% 6.74% 3.29% 1.88% 2.29% 0.02% 4.88% 2.50% 26.37% 52.04% Employment 100% 6.10% 3.33% 1.21% 6.36% 0.01% 3.55% 3.04% 41.21% 35.19% Value Added Value 100% 6.27% 3.46% 1.18% 6.37% 0.01% 3.49% 3.16% Output 39.54% 36.52% Description of Industry Software and databases and graphic arts Visual Advertising services Copyright collecting societies Photography Motion picture and video Radio and television Music, theatrical productions, operas TOTAL Core Copyright TOTAL Press and literature Contribution of the Core Copyright Industries (%) to Employment, by Industry to Employment, by Industries (%) of the Core Copyright Contribution Relative Contribution of Each Core Copyright Industry to Total Core Copyright Industries (%) Core Industry to Total Relative Contribution of Each Core Copyright

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 Code Table 7-3: Table Table 7-3 presents the relative contribution of each core copyright industry to total core copyright, which to total core copyright industry contribution of each core the relative 7-3 presents Table copyright the biggest industries in the core were and literature and press again shows that radio and television to 23.6% output, to 23.94% approximately contributed industries copyright the core of rest The industries. also are These results industries. copyright of core total in the to employment added, and 21.58% value 7-7 to 7.9. depicted in graphical formats in Charts Chart 7-6: 28 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-7: Chart 7-8: of Output Relative ContributionofEachCoreCopyrightIndustrytoTotal CoreCopyright Industriesinterms Value Added Relative ContributionofEachCoreCopyrightIndustrytoTotal CoreCopyrightIndustriesintermsof Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia29 775.434 1,977.91 94,229.63 29,334.50 28,773.94 1722.9618 289,720.22 132,905.84 Employment 2798.3115 995,731.10 329,352.74 195,210.53 1,072,580.35 41,755,138.49 20,017,221.43 19,142,244.02 Value Added (Million IDR) Value 5,856.67 920,680.65 1,529,524.79 3,004,512.48 1,478,468.14 54,779,040.24 51,299,090.13 113,017,173.10 Output (Million IDR) Description of Industry Relative Contribution of Each Core Copyright Industry to Total Core Copyright Industries in terms of Industries in terms Core Copyright to Total Core Copyright Industry of Each Relative Contribution Employment Contribution of the Interdependent Copyright Industries Blank recording materials TOTAL Interdependent Copyright Industries Interdependent Copyright TOTAL TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, cassette players, electronic Computers and equipment Photographic and cinematographic instruments Photocopiers Musical instruments Paper Interdependent Copyright Industries Copyright Interdependent

2.6 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.7 Code Table 7-4: Table 7.2 the manufacture industries, the biggest industries in terms of output were copyright In the interdependent industry; paper; DVD players, and cassette players, and the electronic of TV sets, radios, VCRs, CD players, equipment; and photographic and cinematographic instruments. In musical instruments; computers and in terms of employment, the However, biggest contributors was similar. terms of value added, the rank of the number of employees, followed by TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD players, paper industry absorbed the largest cinematographic instruments; industry; photographic and electronic DVD players, cassette players, and the 7-4 and in Charts 7-10 in Table presented materials. These data are musical instruments, and blank recording to 7-12. Chart 7-9: 30 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-10: Chart 7-11: Contribution oftheInterdependentCopyrightIndustriesintermsOutput,byIndustry Contribution oftheInterdependentCopyrightIndustriesintermsValue added,byIndustry Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia31 0.00% 0.00% 0.12% 0.27% 0.09% 0.00% 0.03% 0.03% Employment 0.30% 0.65% 0.31% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.003% 0.00004% Value Added Value 0.01% 0.32% 0.70% 0.34% 0.01% 0.02% 0.01% Output 0.00004% Description of Industry Contribution of the Interdependent Copyright Industries in terms of Employment, by Industry in terms of Employment, Copyright Industries of the Interdependent Contribution Contribution of the Interdependent Copyright Industries (%) Blank recording material Paper TV sets, radios, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, cassette players, electronic Computers and equipment Musical instruments Photographic and cinematographic instruments Photocopiers TOTAL Interdependent Industries TOTAL 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Code

Table 7-5: Table The contributions of interdependent copyright industries to total national output, value added, and employment output, value total national to copyright industries interdependent of The contributions copyright industries 7-5 and Charts 7-13 to 7-15. The total contribution of interdependent shown in Table are (to national value added), and 0.061% (to national employment). was 0.465% (to national output), 0.335% 0.192%, 0.014%, 0.006%, copyright industries contributed 0.243%, The ‘big five’ in the interdependent CD players, DVD players, to output. In terms of value added, TV sets, Radios, VCRs, and 0.004%, respectively, total value added, while paper industry contributed 0.178% to national cassette players, and the electronic more contributed paper employment, of terms in However, 0.137%. of contributor biggest second the was with 0.031% industry, DVD players, cassette players, and electronic than TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD players, and 0.018% contribution, respectively. Chart 7-12: 32 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-13: Chart 7-14: Contribution oftheInterdependentCopyrightIndustriestoOutput(%),byIndustry Contribution oftheInterdependentCopyrightIndustriestoValue-Added (%),byIndustry Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia33 100% 0.68% 9.93% 0.27% 0.59% 32.52% 10.13% 45.87% Employment 100% 2.57% 2.38% 0.79% 0.01% 0.47% 47.94% 45.84% Value Added Value 100% 1.35% 2.66% 1.31% 0.01% 0.81% Output 48.47% 45.39% Description of Industry Contribution of the Interdependent Copyright Industries to Employment (%), by Industry to Employment Copyright Industries of the Interdependent Contribution Relative Contribution of Each Interdependent Copyright Industry to Total Interdependent Copyright Relative Contribution of Each Interdependent Copyright Industry to Total Industries TOTAL Interdependent Industries TOTAL TV sets, radios, VCRs, CD Players, DVD players, cassette players, electronic Computers and equipment Musical instruments Photographic and cinematographic instruments Photocopiers Blank recording material Paper 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Code

Table 7-6: Table Table 7-6 presents the relative contribution of each interdependent copyright industry to the total of copyright of each interdependent contribution the relative 7-6 presents Table which again shows that TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, copyright industries, interdependent of the total output of all the and paper industries accounted for 93.613% cassette players and electronic of the total value these two industries accounted for 94.119% Similarly, copyright industries. interdependent In terms of employment, these industries accounted for 78.975% industries. added of the interdependent in graphical format also depicted are industries. These results of the total employment in the interdependent in Charts 7-16 to 7-18. Chart 7-15: 34 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-16: Chart 7-17: of Output Relative ContributionofEachInterdependentIndustrytoTotal InterdependentIndustriesinterms Value Added Relative ContributionofEachInterdependentIndustrytoTotal InterdependentIndustriesintermsof Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia35 199 351 8,232 2,710 13,209 22,279 37,047 451,973 654,211 501,641 531,612 2,223,464 Employment 6,230 22,183 106,225 716,395 1,809,925 4,532,723 1,943,010 2,416,605 50,064,079 24,109,737 46,364,365 132,091,478 Value Added (Million IDR) Value 48,403 54,389 160,295 3,647,500 5,536,235 2,271,285 6,263,771 2,842,663 60,583,618 135,768,907 346,821,235 129,644,168 Output (Million IDR) Description of Industry Wallcoverings and carpets Wallcoverings and games Toys Architecture, engineering, surveying Interior design Museums Handicraft industry Household goods, china, and glass Other crafts Furniture Jewelry and coins TOTAL Partial Copyright Industries TOTAL Apparel, textiles, and footwear Relative Contribution of Each Interdependent Industry to Total Interdependent Industries in terms of Industries Interdependent to Total Interdependent Industry of Each Relative Contribution Employment Contribution of the Partial Copyright Industries Partial Copyright Industries

3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.11 Code Table 7-7: Table In the partial copyright industries, both in terms of value added and employment, the biggest contributors In the partial copyright industries, both textiles and footwear; and furniture. The other industries by apparel, the handicraft industries, followed were Charts and 7-7 (see Table industries three these behind considerably were category copyright the partial in and which includes batik arts, traditional woven fabrics, souvenirs, 7-19 to 7-21). Handicraft industry, sectors in Indonesia. Apparel, of the biggest industries in the creative handmade accessories, has become one commodities for exports. also two main and furniture are textiles and footwear, 7.3 Chart 7-18: 36 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-19: Chart 7-20: Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustriesintermsOutput,byIndustry Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustriesintermsValue Added,byIndustry Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia37 0.60% 2.05% 0.49% 0.03% 0.46% 0.42% 0.01% 0.01% 0.02% 0.003% 0.0002% 0.0003% Employment 0.78% 0.72% 0.01% 0.04% 0.38% 0.07% 0.03% 2.06% 0.03% 0.002% 0.0003% 0.0001% Value Added Value 0.85% 0.81% 0.02% 0.04% 0.38% 0.03% 0.01% 2.16% 0.02% Output 0.001% 0.0003% 0.0003% Description of Industry Contribution of the Partial Copyright Industries in terms of Employment, by Industry terms of Employment, Industries in of the Partial Copyright Contribution Contribution of the Partial Copyright Industries (%) Contribution of the Partial Copyright Industries Handicraft industry Apparel, textiles, and footwear Jewelry and coins Other crafts Furniture Household goods, china, and glass Architecture, engineering, surveying Interior design Museums TOTAL Partial Copyright Industries TOTAL Wallcoverings and carpets Wallcoverings and games Toys

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.11 Code Table 7-8: Table The contributions of partial copyright industries to total national output, value added and employment, in The contributions of partial copyright of partial copyright 7-8 and Charts 7-22 to 7-24. The total contribution Table shown in (%), are percentages national (to 2.05% and added), value national (to 2.06% output), national (to 2.16% was industries the partial copyright industries contributed 0.85%, 0.81%, and 0.38%, in employment). The ‘big three’ textiles, followed by the apparel, In terms of value added, handicraft was the biggest contributor, respectively. added. value total national to 0.38% and 0.72%, 0.78%, contributing furniture, and industry footwear and textiles and handicraft, apparel, This pattern in terms of employment, where also applies to contribution the biggest contributors. were and furniture footwear, Chart 7-21: 38 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-22: Chart 7-23: Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustries(%)toOutput Contribution ofthePartialCopyrightIndustries(%)toValue added Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia39 100% 0.12% 1.00% 0.37% 0.59% 0.02% 0.01% 1.67% 29.42% 20.33% 22.56% 23.91% Employment 100% 0.08% 1.47% 3.43% 1.37% 0.00% 0.02% 1.83% 0.54% 37.90% 18.25% 35.10% Value Added Value 100% 0.05% 0.65% 1.60% 1.05% 0.01% 0.02% 1.81% 0.82% Output 39.15% 17.47% 37.38% Description of Industry Contribution of the Partial Copyright Industries (%) to Employment Industries (%) of the Partial Copyright Contribution Relative Contribution of Each Partial Copyright Industry to Total Partial Copyright Industries Industry to Total Relative Contribution of Each Partial Copyright Handicraft industry Museums Interior design Architecture, engineering, surveying Toys and games Toys Wallcoverings and carpets Wallcoverings Household goods, china and glass Furniture Other crafts Jewelry and coins Apparel, textiles, and footwear TOTAL Partial Copyright Industries TOTAL

3.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.11 Code Table 7-9: Table Table 7-9 depicts the relative contribution of each partial copyright industry to total partial copyright industries, contribution of each partial copyright industry to total partial 7-9 depicts the relative Table industries accounted for and furniture textiles and footwear, apparel, which again shows that the handicraft; industries accounted for these three copyright industries. Similarly, 94 % of the total output of all the partial partial copyright industries. In terms of employment, these industries 91.25% of the total value added of the ‘other of The category copyright industries. the partial in the total employment for 73.66% of accounted also depicted in graphical formats in Charts 7-25 to 7-27. are crafts’ contributed 22.56%. These results Chart 7-24: 40 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-25: Chart 7-26: of Output Relative ContributionofEachPartialCopyrightIndustrytoTotal PartialCopyright Industriesinterms of Value Added Relative ContributionofEachPartialCopyrightIndustrytoTotal PartialCopyrightIndustriesinterms Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia41 58,641.70 47,735.95 361,450.76 255,073.10 Employment 3,599,357.50 6,974,497.93 23,092,514.83 12,518,659.40 Value Added (Million IDR) Value 4,941,352.68 7,726,052.16 44,260,433.43 31,593,028.59 Output (Million IDR) Description of Industry Relative Contribution of Each Partial Copyright Industry to Total Partial Copyright Industries in terms Industries in Partial Copyright to Total Partial Copyright Industry of Each Relative Contribution of Employment Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support TOTAL Non-Dedicated Support Industries Non-Dedicated Support TOTAL General wholesale and retailing General transportation and internet Telephony Non-dedicated Support Industries

4.1 4.2 4.3 Code Table 7-10: Table In the non-dedicated support industries, the biggest industry in terms of output was general transportation, in terms of output was general transportation, the biggest industry In the non-dedicated support industries, This patternfollowed by telephony and internet general wholesale and retailing. was also the same for and 7-10 and in in Table presented and employment. These data are these industries in terms of value added Charts 7-28 to 7-30. 7.4 Chart 7-27: 42 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-28: Chart 7-29: Contribution oftheNon-dedicatedSupportIndustriesintermsOutput Contribution oftheNon-dedicatedSupportIndustriesintermsValue Added Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia43 0.33% 0.05% 0.24% 0.04% Employment 0.36% 0.06% 0.19% 0.11% Value Added Value 0.28% 0.03% 0.20% 0.05% Output Description of Industry Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries in terms of Employment Support Industries of the Non-dedicated Contribution Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries (%) TOTAL Non-Dedicated Support Industries Non-Dedicated Support TOTAL General wholesale and retailing General transportation Telephony and internet Telephony

4.1 4.2 4.3 Code Table 7-11: Table The contributions of non-dedicated support industries to total national output, value added and employment, value added and national output, to total industries The contributions of non-dedicated support The total contribution of non- 7-11 and Charts 7-31 to 7-33. in Table shown (%), are in percentages (to national output), 0.36% (to national value added), and 0.33% dedicated support industries was 0.28% (0.2%), contributor biggest transportation was the terms of output, general employment). In (to national (0.03%). In terms of value followed by telephony and internet and general wholesale and retailing (0.05%) the biggest contributor (0.19%), followed by telephony and internetadded, general transportation was also in terms of employment, the rank was (0.006%). However, retailing (0.011%) and general wholesale and and telephony and internet, that is, general transportation, general wholesale and retailing, slightly different, with contributions of 0.24%; 0.05%; and 0.04%, respectively. Chart 7-30: 44 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-31: Chart 7-32: Contribution oftheNon-dedicatedSupportIndustries(%)toOutput Contribution oftheNon-dedicatedSupportIndustries(%)toValue added Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia45 16.22% 70.57% 13.21% 100.00% Employment 15.59% 54.21% 30.20% 100.00% Value Added Value Output 11.16% 71.38% 17.46% 100.00% Description of Industry Contribution of the Non-dedicated Support Industries (%) to Employment Support Industries of the Non-dedicated Contribution Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated Support Industry to Total Non-dedicated Support Support Industry to Total Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated Industries General wholesale and retailing General transportation and internet Telephony TOTAL Non-dedicated Support Industries Non-dedicated Support TOTAL

4.1 4.2 4.3 Code Table 7-12: Table Table 7-12 and Charts 7-34 to 7-36 depict the relative contribution of each non-dedicated support industry to the relative 7-12 and Charts 7-34 to 7-36 depict Table industries, which again shows that general transportation was the total of non-dedicated support copyright value added and employment. In terms of value added, telephony the biggest contributor in terms of output, and internet in terms of employment it was ranked number three. was ranked number two, but Chart 7-33: 46 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-34: Chart 7-35: Industries intermsofOutput Relative ContributionofEachNon-dedicatedSupportIndustrytoTotal Non-dedicated Support Industries intermsofValue Added Relative ContributionofEachNon-dedicatedSupportIndustrytoTotal Non-dedicatedSupport Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia47 361,450.76 289,720.22 2,223,464.22 4,064,345.55 1,189,710.36 Employment 23,092,514.83 67,273,614.14 41,755,138.49 132,091,477.52 264,212,744.97 Value Added (Million IDR) Value Output 44,260,433.43 346,821,234.82 673,506,900.59 169,408,059.24 113,017,173.10 Description of Industry Relative Contribution of Each Non-dedicated Support Industry to Total Non-dedicated Support Support Non-dedicated Industry to Total Non-dedicated Support of Each Relative Contribution of Employment Industries in terms Contribution of Copyright Industries Partial Copyright Industries Non-dedicated Support Industries TOTAL COPYRIGHT TOTAL Core Copyright Industries Interdependent Copyright Industries Total Contribution of Copyright Industries Total 3 4 1 2 Code Table 7-13: Table 7.5 7-13. terms) of all the copyright industries is depicted in Table The total economic contribution (in absolute category contributing to depicted in Charts 7-37 to 7-39. The biggest In graphical formats, these data are non- copyright, and copyright, interdependent followed by the core output was partial copyright industries, of value added, the biggest contributor was also the partial copyright dedicated support industries. In terms copyright, and lastly non-dedicated support industries. interdependent copyright, industries, followed by core copyright industries made and the interdependent was slightly different In terms of employment, the ranking the least contribution. Chart 7-36: 48 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-37: Chart 7-38:

Contribution ofCopyrightIndustriesintermsOutput Contribution ofCopyrightIndustriesintermsV alue Added Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia49 3.75% 1.10% 0.2676% 2.0537% 0.3339% Employment 4.11% 1.05% 0.65% 2.06% 0.36% Value Added Value 4.20% 1.06% 0.70% 2.16% 0.28% Output Description of Industry Contribution of Copyright Industries in terms of Employment of Copyright Industries Contribution Contribution of Copyright Industries (%) TOTAL COPYRIGHT TOTAL Core Copyright Industries Interdependent Copyright Industries Partial Copyright Industries Non-dedicated Support Industries 1 2 3 4 Code Table 7-14: Table The contributions of copyright industries to total national output, value added and employment, in percentages to total national output, value added and employment, in percentages The contributions of copyright industries all the copyright industries 7-14 and Charts 7-40 to 7-42. The total contributions of shown in Table (%), are 4.11% (to national value added) and 3.75% (to national employment). 4.2% (to national output), were of the parameters. In terms was the biggest contributor in three The partial copyright industries category copyright core by followed (2.16%), contributors biggest the were industries copyright partial output, of In copyright (0.70%) and non-dedicated support industries (0.28%). industries (1.06%), interdependent also the biggest contributors (2.06%), followed by the industries were terms of value added, partial copyright copyright (0.65%) and non-dedicated support industries (0.36%). copyright (1.05%), interdependent core being partial copyright first, followed by in terms of employment, the ranking was slightly different, However, copyright industries, with contributions copyright, non-dedicated support industries and interdependent core of 2.0537%; 1.10%; and 0.334%, and 0.268% respectively. Chart 7-39: 50 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-40: Chart 7-41: Contribution ofCopyrightIndustriestoOutput,byCategory Contribution ofCopyrightIndustriestoValue Added,byCategory Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia51 7.13% 8.89% 29.27% 54.71% 100.00% Employment 8.74% 25.46% 15.80% 49.99% 100.00% Value Added Value 6.57% Output 25.15% 16.78% 51.49% 100.00% Description of Category Contribution of Copyright Industries to Employment, by Category to Employment, of Copyright Industries Contribution Relative Contribution of Each Copyright Industry Category to Total Copyright Industries Industry Category to Total Relative Contribution of Each Copyright TOTAL COPYRIGHT TOTAL Core Copyright Industries Interdependent Copyright Industries Partial Copyright Industries Non-dedicated Support Industries

1 2 3 4 Code Table 7-15: Table Table 7-15 and Charts 7-43 to 7-45 depict the relative contribution of each copyright industry category to the the relative 7-15 and Charts 7-43 to 7-45 depict Table in terms shows that partial copyright was the biggest contributor, total of copyright industries, which again in slightly different the rankings were discussed earlier, As already of output, value added and employment. terms of value added and employment. Chart 7-42: 52 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Chart 7-43: Chart 7-44: Output Relative ContributionofEachCopyrightIndustryCategorytoTotal Copyright Industriesintermsof Value Added Relative ContributionofEachCopyrightIndustryCategorytoTotal CopyrightIndustriesintermsof Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia53 Relative Contribution of Each Copyright Industry Category to Total Copyright Industries in terms of Industries in terms Copyright Category to Total Copyright Industry of Each Relative Contribution Employment Copyright Factors The copyright factor for the non-dedicated support industries was derived from the methodology suggested from The copyright factor for the non-dedicated support industries was derived in the WIPO Guide. The copyright factors for the partial copyright and interdependent copyright industries were estimated industries were copyright copyright and interdependent The copyright factors for the partial countries neighbor Thailand, and Malaysia, which are for Singapore, of those copyright factors using proxies similar with Indonesia and share to have many similarities presumed of Indonesia. These countries are Copyright factors for the interdependent rights industries. in terms of copyright and related characteristics formulated based on the survey conducted on copyright industries. also and partial copyright industries were 7.6 copyright industries and the partial applied to the interdependent the copyright factors 7-16 presents Table industries, of copyright in the method section, in the four groups earlier As mentioned copyright industries. have 100% of their activities included. The contribution of copyright copyright industries only the core adjusted with the are partial and non-dedicated support groups rights of the interdependent, and related rights. of dependence on copyright and related to their degree ‘copyright factor’ corresponding Chart 7-45: 54 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Table 7-16: the figures before factoring,thecopyrightfactors, and the results afterfactoring. Table 7-17belowshowsthecontributionofeachsectorsincopyright-based industriesandspecifies No. No. No. 11 10 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paper Blank recordingmaterials Photocopiers Photographic andcinematographicinstruments Musical instruments Computers andequipment TV Sets,radios,VCRs,CDs,andDVDplayers Telephony andinternet General transportation General wholesaleandretail Handicrafts** Museums* Interior design Architecture, engineering,andsurveying Toys andgames Wallcoverings andcarpets Household goods,china,andglass Furniture Other crafts Jewelry andcoins Apparel, textiles,andfootwear Copyright Factors(2010) Interdependent CopyrightIndustries Non-dedicated SupportIndustries Partial CopyrightIndustries Copyright Factor Copyright Factor Copyright Factor 36.23% 3.30% 3.30% 3.30% 20.0% 25.0% 3.00% 2.5% 19% 20% 20% 25% 30% 40% 45% 80% 35% 50% 20% 35% 8% Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia55

3. Other crafts Other 3. 3.3 501,641 501,641 35% 1,194,384 2,416,605 35% 1,190,446 6,263,771 50% 12,527,542

2. Jewelry and coins and Jewelry 2. 3.2 37,047 37,047 18% 139,014 716,395 18% 1,036,566 2,842,663 20% 14,213,317

1. Apparel, textiles, and footwear and textiles, Apparel, 1. 3.1 531,612 531,612 15% 1,687,658 46,364,365 15% 53,755,786 129,644,168 35% 370,411,908

III. Partial Copyright Industries Copyright Partial III. 2,223,464 2,223,464 3,838,436 132,091,478 78,743,375 346,821,235 789,415,107

7. Paper 7. 2.7 132,906 132,906 15% 161,098 19,142,244 15% 21,439,885 51,299,090 19% 269,995,211

6. Blank Recording Material Recording Blank 6. 2.6 1,723 1,723 20% 1,993 195,211 20% 192,928 920,681 20% 4,603,403

5. Photocopiers 5. 2.5 775 775 20% 536 2,798 20% 2,293 5,857 20% 29,283

Instrument

28,774 28,774 25% 18,246 329,353 25% 241,875 1,478,468 25% 5,913,873 2.4

4. Photographic and Cinematographic Cinematographic and Photographic 4.

3. Musical Instruments Instruments Musical 3. 2.3 29,335 29,335 25% 22,565 995,731 25% 791,834 3,004,512 30% 10,015,042

2. Computers and Equipment Equipment and Computers 2. 2.2 1,978 1,978 40% 1,127 1,072,580 40% 767,499 1,529,525 40% 3,823,812

Players, Cassette Players, Electronic Electronic Players, Cassette Players,

94,230 94,230 40% 53,137 20,017,221 40% 16,208,276 54,779,040 45% 121,731,201 2.1

1. TV sets, Radios,VCRs, CD Players, DVD DVD Players, CD Radios,VCRs, sets, TV 1.

II. Interdependent Industries Interdependent II. 289,720 289,720 258,702 41,755,138 39,644,590 113,017,173 416,111,824

9. Copyright Collecting Societies Collecting Copyright 9. 1.9 280 280 100% 280 4,000 100% 4,000 13,000 100% 13,000

8. Advertising Services Advertising 8. 1.8 27,207 27,207 100% 27,207 4,280,395 100% 4,280,395 10,783,267 100% 10,783,267

7. Visual and Graphic Arts Graphic and Visual 7. 1.7 22,385 22,385 100% 22,385 814,290 100% 814,290 2,002,116 100% 2,002,116

6. Software and Databases and Software 6. 1.6 39,098 39,098 100% 39,098 2,237,813 100% 2,237,813 5,859,473 100% 5,859,473

5. Photography 5. 1.5 80,130 80,130 100% 80,130 4,102,239 100% 4,102,239 10,625,622 100% 10,625,622

4. Radio and Television and Radio 4. 1.4 313,711 313,711 100% 313,711 27,720,430 100% 27,720,430 66,978,943 100% 66,978,943

3. Motion Picture and Video and Picture Motion 3. 1.3 29,735 29,735 100% 29,735 2,047,426 100% 2,047,426 5,350,445 100% 5,350,445

2. Music, Theatrical Productions, Operas Productions, Theatrical Music, 2. 1.2 58,006 58,006 100% 58,006 2,391,239 100% 2,391,239 5,919,114 100% 5,919,114

1. Press and Literature and Press 1. 1.1 619,158 619,158 100% 619,158 23,675,781 100% 23,675,781 61,876,077 100% 61,876,077

I. Core Copyright Core I. 1,189,710 1,189,710 1,189,710 67,273,614 67,273,614 169,408,059 169,408,059

factoring

factoring factoring) factoring)

(Million IDR) (Million IDR) after after IDR)

Code Description of Industry of Description Output Factor IDR) after after IDR) Factor Employment Employment Factor (after (after

Value Added Added Value (million (million

Output (million (million Output Employment Employment

Value Added Added Value

(In Million IDR and Number of People) of Number and IDR Million (In

7-17: Table Economic Values of Copyright-Based Industry in Terms of Output, Value added, and Employment and added, Value Output, of Terms in Industry Copyright-Based of Values Economic 56 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

Table 17: Economic Values of Copyright-Based Industry in Terms of Output, Value added, and Employment (continued)

3.4 4. Furniture 173,096,052 35% 60,583,618 12,300,886 35% 24,109,737 679,658 35% 451,973 3.5 5. Household goods, china, and glass 2,175,543 2.5% 54,389 1,019,446 0.5% 22,183 18,247 0.5% 199 3.6 6. Wallcoverings and carpets 1,613,445 3.00% 48,403 100,873 1.29% 6,230 11,862 1.29% 351 3.7 7. Toys and games 10,066,698 36.23% 3,647,500 1,040,665 36.23% 1,809,925 30,379 36.23% 13,209 3.8 8. Architecture, engineering, surveying 22,144,940 25.0% 5,536,235 5,474,171 14.5% 4,532,723 20,989 14.5% 8,232 3.9 9. Interior design 11,356,426 20.0% 2,271,285 2,476,939 14.5% 1,943,010 42,602 14.5% 22,279 3.10 10. Museums 2,098,102 8% 160,295 347,597 8% 106,225 13,643 8% 2,710 2.80 10. Handicraft Industry 169,711,133 80% 135,768,907 9,933,349 80% 50,064,079 629,049 80% 654,211 IV. Non-Dedicated Support Industries 1,341,225,255 44,260,433 726,318,070 23,092,515 10,953,053 361,451 4.1 1. General wholesale and retailing 149,737,960 3.30% 4,941,353 110,458,781 3.30% 3,599,358 1,777,021 3.30% 58,642 4.2 2. General transportation 957,364,503 3.30% 31,593,029 379,863,297 3.30% 12,518,659 7,729,488 3.30% 255,073 4.3 3. Telephony and internet 234,122,793 3.30% 7,726,052 235,995,993 3.30% 6,974,498 1,446,544 3.30% 47,736 TOTAL 2,716,160,246 673,506,901 911,979,649 264,212,745 16,239,902 4,064,346 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia57 sector of the creative industries) sector of the creative th RELATED STUDY ON CREATIVE SECTORS IN INDONESIA AND AND INDONESIA SECTORS IN CREATIVE STUDY ON RELATED ECONOMY TO NATIONAL CONTRIBUTION advertising products; products; architecture trading of art products; crafts; design; fashion; video, film, and photography; interactive games; music; performing arts; printing and publishing; computer services and software; television and radio; and development research The study shows that in 2010, the creative industries contributed IDR 468,103 billion to Indonesia’s GDP or to Indonesia’s contributed IDR 468,103 billion industries The study shows that in 2010, the creative industries absorbed 8.553 million In terms of employment, for the same period the creative 7.74% to GDP. 8-1). workers or 7.76% of national total employment (see Table Unlike the WIPO methodology, where the copyright industry is divided into the four layers of core copyright, industry is divided into the four layers of core the copyright where Unlike the WIPO methodology, industries, the methodology adopted copyright, partial copyright and non-dedicated support interdependent That level. same the at the categories all includes sectors creative of contribution economic the calculating for incorporated. linkage are and forward is, 100% of the size of the industry and its backward The study conducted by the Ministry (2010) also calculated the economic contribution of the fourteen sectors contribution of the economic calculated Ministry (2010) also conducted by the The study The sectors. other to and exports, companies, of number employment, GDP, to industries creative the of that the calculation of size and contribution of the but did mention study did not specify its methodology, Pusat Statistik/). An interview (Biro of Statistics’ the Central Bureau industries was based on data from that some judgments were of the study revealed conducted by the author with one of the researchers by BPS. available and recorded not directly were some data which employed to approximate (Note: in 2012, culinary activity was incorporated as the 15 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1. Copyright industries which include the production of literary, scientific, and artistic products are closely related closely are and artistic products scientific, literary, of which include the production Copyright industries of the Republic (now the Ministry of Trade) and Industry The Department of Trade industries. with the creative that is to economy, part of the creative industries as an inseparable the creative of Indonesia has regarded talent, and creativity skills, and services requiring of products focuses on the creation say an economy which defines the Trade of The Ministry Indonesia, 2008). Republik dan Perindustrian (Departemen Perdagangan to: related or involve activities as the ones which produce, industries creative 8. 58 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Table 8-2: mining, andconstruction(seeTable 8-2). GDP, manufacturingisthebiggestcontributor, followedbytheagriculturalsector, trade,hotel,andrestaurant, If wecompare thecontributionsofeachsectorineconomy, intherelative contributionsofthesectorsto Source: MinistryofTrade (2011) Table 8-1: of copyright-basedindustriesvis-à-viscreative industries. employment includes the 3.75% contribution of copyright industries. Figure 8-1 below shows the positioning contributed bythecopyright-basedindustries.Similarly, the7.9%contributionofcreative industriesto of thecreative industries.Partofthe7.3%creative industries’contributiontoGDPisthe4.11% calculate theireconomiccontribution,thecopyright-basedindustriesofpresent studywould bepart According tothedefinitionofcreative industriesinIndonesiaandalsothemethodologyappliedto Source: MinistryofTrade (2011)

4 3 2 1 No 10 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Contribution toEmployment Contribution toValue Added(%) Employment Value Added(billion) Manufacturing Creative Industries Electricity, GasandWater Finance, RealEstateandCompanyServices andCommunication Social Services Construction Mining andExcavation Trade, Hotel,andRestaurant Agriculture, Livestock,Forestry, andFishery GDP PerSector(Nominal)(2010) Estimates ofCreativeIndustries’EconomicContribution(2010) Sector intheEconomy

Absolute 1,402,088 468,103 395,604 406,878 625,657 635,967 708,397 747,752 979,733 51,820 Contribution Contribution 468,103 7.76% 7.29% Relative 7,602 11.0% 11.6% 15.3% 21.8% 7.3% 0.8% 6.2% 6.3% 9.7% 9.9% Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia59 Creative Industries Industries vis-à-vis of Copyright-based Positioning Figure 8-1: 60 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Note: *estimatedfigure Source: MinistryofTourism andCreative Economy(2012) Table 9-1: Chart 9-2):in2011thenumberofscreens was170%higherthanthatin2005. Such adevelopmentisalsosupportedbytheincreased numberofcinemasandscreens inIndonesia(see year toyear. foreign movies(seeTable 9-3),inwhichthenationalmovie-importedforeign movieratiohasimproved from production companies.Thisisalsoshownbythestatisticsofnationallyproduced movies versusimported only 9moviesproduced, butin2012,there were more than80moviesproduced byIndonesianmovie in Indonesiahaveparticularlydescribedtherevitalization ofnationalmovieproduction. In2002there were produced (seeTable 9-2)andnationalproduction offeature films(seeChart9-1).Statisticsonmovieproduction This developmentismostlysupportedbyanincreased numberofTVmovies,andespecially TV serialsbeing as technicalservices,distribution,andperformancehavealsogrown significantly. Table 9-1). In terms of production, the number of companies has more than doubled, while other sectors such The movieindustryinIndonesiashowssignificantgrowth intermsoftypebusinesstheindustry(see 9.1 copyright-based industriesinIndonesia. discussed below. Thesedatashowtherapidgrowth ofsomeindustrieswhichare examplesofsomethe The growth ofthecopyright-basedindustriesinIndonesiaisalsodemonstratedbyseveralindicators,as 9. No 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Import Company Export Company Archiving Sales &Rental Performance Distribution Technical Services Production Movie Industry INDUSTRIES ININDONESIA SOME INDICATORS OFTHEDEVELOPMENTCOPYRIGHT-BASED Development ofMovieIndustry Type ofBusiness/Industry 2007 784 n.a n.a 50 10 38 17 1 1.072 2008 n.a n.a 56 22 49 17 1 TOTAL PERYEAR 1.237 2009 n.a n.a 57 24 58 19 1 1.433 2010 n.a n.a 59 25 65 19 1 1.632 2011 n.a n.a 67 69 25 22 1 2012* 1650 n.a n.a 67 69 25 22 1 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia61 3,554 6,969 7,482 6,997 7,093 Episodes TV Serials 234 441 458 265 269 Title 738 889 1,893 1,038 1,082 Stand-alone National Movie Production (Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, 2012) and Creative Economy, Tourism National Movie Production (Ministry of Television Stand-Alone Movies and TV Serials Production Movies and TV Serials Stand-Alone Television 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year Year Chart 9-1: Source: Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (2012) and Creative Ministry of Tourism Source: Table 9-2: Table 62 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Table 9-3: major playersintheIndonesian filmindustryare shown in Table 9-4below. companies andproduce bothfeature filmsandtelevision movies (ortheso-calledelectronic cinema).The There are majorplayersinthefilmindustryIndonesia. Mostofthesecompaniesare nationallybased Chart 9-2: Source: MinistryofTourism andCreative Economy(2012) Total Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Nationally ProducedMoviesvs.ImportedForeign Number ofCinemasandScreens(MinistryTourism andCreativeEconomy, 2012) Number ofNationalMovies 521 10 12 21 96 82 77 78 87 53 33 33 6 4 9 Number ofImportedForeignMovies 2.559 210 214 214 269 227 201 168 140 204 185 296 165 201 24 Ratio 1 :21 1 :36 1 :53 1 :29 1 :19 1 :10 1 :5 1 :2 1 :2 1 :2 1 :2 1 :2 1 :5 1 :5 1 :6 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia63 Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Location Name of Company Revo Films PT Hadi Cinema Putra MD Entertainment Net Films Sinemart & Lenza Film Rapi Films Avicom Intercine Film Karnos Film Lenza Film MD Production Miles Production Film Millennium Visitama Multivision Plus Rapi Film Pearson Tv Persari Film Prima Entertainment Sinemart Soraya Intercine Film PT GMM Films Indonesia Lintas Film PT Visi Film Karno’s Jelita Visindo PT Genta Buana Paramita PT Shandhika Widya Cinema Bola Dunia Indika Era Mandiri Diwangkara Citra Suara/Elang Perkasa Film Major Players in the Indonesian Film/TV Programs Industry Film/TV Programs in the Indonesian Major Players 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 28 29 10 No. Source: Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (2011) and Creative of Tourism Ministry Source: Table 9-4: Table 64 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Table 9-5: 2013 (seeTable 9-5andChart9-3). for the period of 2006-2012. The research company even projected higher estimates of growth for the year of advertising expenditure. Nielsen (2012) recorded a consistent positive growth ofadvertising expenditure The sizeandgrowth oftheadvertisingservicesindustryinIndonesiacanbeestimatedbasedonmagnitude 9.2 Chart 9-3: * =estimated Source: Nielsen(2013) 2013* Year 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Advertising Services Advertising ExpenditureinIndonesia Expenditure (Trillion IDR) Advertising ExpenditureinIndonesia(source:Nielsen,2013) 58.3 47.2 40.5 33.9 28.9 113 90 73 Growth 14.0% 23.0% 21.7% 23.4% 16.5% 19.5% 17.5%

Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia65 Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Jakarta Location of Headquarter Company Ammirati Puri Lintas AdForce/JWT, Jakarta AdForce/JWT, Indo-Ad (O&M), Jakarta P.T. Inter Admark (Dentsu), Jakarta Perwanal/DMB&B, Jakarta Kreasindo Advertising (Burnett), Jakarta Grafik/McCann-Erickson, Jakarta Rama & Grey, Jakarta Rama & Grey, Metro Advertising, Jakarta PT Adriwara Krida Euro RSCG), Jakarta Ten Biggest Advertising Agencies in Indonesia (2005) Biggest Advertising Agencies Ten Publishing Industry Software Industry Software 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. No. The publishing companies in Indonesia have faced serious challenges, which include structural problems, include structural problems, The publishing companies in Indonesia have faced serious challenges, which structural challenges, the publishing and technology development. In terms of socio-cultural problems in the to consumption of books, which results production of the long chain from industry faces the problem the from results Indonesia also of books in consumption per capita The low in Indonesia. high price of books the publishing industry in Indonesia also suffers people. Further, habit of Indonesian undeveloped reading conventional from their reading technological advancement, as have started to switch from versions. books to electronic The Indonesia Association of Publishing Companies (IKAPI) is the publishers’ organization in Indonesia, The Indonesia Association of Publishing Companies (IKAPI) is the publishers’ 15,000-25,000 approximately are there that notes It companies. member 650 approximately has which printed. If we title are About 3,000-4,000 units of each book titles published in Indonesia every year. of Malaysia (16,000 titles), China (189,295 titles), (60,000), and with those the figures compare per capita (http://edukasi.kompas.com/ the lowest number of titles (40,000), Indonesia records read/2012/06/29/09215014). 9.4 Further, the IDC states that as of 2009, Indonesia’s IT sector will be dominated by IT Services. The development The Services. IT by dominated be will sector IT Indonesia’s 2009, of as that states IDC the Further, of 1,100 new IT companies. The 81,000 jobs and will stimulate the growth of this specific sector provides It is also estimated that software sector will also contribute USD 1.1 billion in tax, USD 12 billion to GDP. IT workers in Indonesia will be involved up to 11.4% of total IT spending. Also, 29.9% of spending will increase (http://ilmukomputer.org/2012/05/31/ in development, distribution, and implementation services of software masih-tentang-industri-software-lokal). 9.3 Community Developer Indonesia the from Data significantly. grown has Indonesia in industry software The this number was projected vendors (ISV): independent software 250 were (IDC) show that in 2006, there 56,500 (in 2006) to from grew developers to 500 ISV in five years. The number of professional to grow 200 at least are developer community: there experiencing a growing 71,600 (in 2008). Indonesia is also such developing systems also involved in big-scale projects, which are communities, forums, and mailing lists, for e-government and e-learning. Table 9-6: Table Table 9-6 shows the 10 biggest advertising agencies in Indonesia. These companies are mostly subsidiaries subsidiaries mostly are companies These Indonesia. in agencies advertising biggest 10 the shows 9-6 Table players major the where Indonesia in activity advertising the represents this agencies; advertising global of in other big cities also local advertising agencies are there or their affiliates. Also, while global companies are located in Jakarta. major players are Surabaya, and Medan, the as Bandung, Yogyakarta, in Indonesia, such 66 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Indonesia, Maret 2010, asquotedinhttp://www.widiasmoro.com/2012). Indonesia, recorded anannualincomeofIDR20billionin2009,which90%camefrom RBT(RollingStone the massivegrowth ofmobilecommunicationsinIndonesia.Nagaswara,onethebiggestmusiclabels The musicindustryinIndonesiahasbeensomewhatsavedbythesalesofRingBackTones (RBT),following actively operatingtheirbusiness. of ASIRIhasnowalsodecreased from 240to76.Evenoutofthe76members,only12-15%are currently nasional-uas-industri.html#!/2012/10/label-rekaman-nasional-uas-industri.html). Thenumberofmembers keeps decreasing about 10-15% every year (http://justtellsomething.blogspot.com/2012/10/label-rekaman- ‘only’ 20millionsin1996).In2008,ASIRIrecorded salesofonly10millioncassettesandCDsthefigure piracy levelreached 85%.Thepiracylevelofphysicalalbumsalsoreached 550millionitemsin2008(from or piratedmusicsalesinIndonesiahadreached 95.7%;andaccording tobengkelmusik.com,in2008the However, piracyhasposedaseriousthreat tothemusicindustryinIndonesia.In2007,ASIRIstatedthatillegal (respectively) oftheIndonesianfigure. the figures ofthePhilippines,Singapore, MalaysiaandThailandwere only16%,31%,50%, and65% Indonesia scored the highest recorded music retail sales, of USD 290 millions. To put this into perspective, industry inIndonesiaoccurred inthe1990s.Inthisperiod,compared totheotherSoutheastAsiannations, The AssociationoftheRecording IndustryinIndonesia(ASIRI)notesthatthe‘goldenperiod’ofmusic 9.5 Source: MinistryofTrade (2011) Table 9-7: small (ormicro) companies. cannot evenrecord theactualfigures ofallthecompaniesinindustry, sincesomanyofthemare very handicraft companiesinIndonesiashowsthattheplayersofindustrymainlyconsistSMEs.Thestatistics The handicraftindustryhasagrowing numberofcompanies,asshowninTable 9-7.Thelargenumberof the handicraftindustriescomefrom -basedhandicrafts,whichincludefurniture anddecorativeitems. Netherlands (USD21.8millions)(http://www.kemendag.go.id/files/pdf/2013/ 08/19).Thebiggestportionof 81.7 millions);theUK(USD35Germany25.7Australia23.5and previous year. Themainexportdestinationsin2012were theUnitedStates(USD301.6millions);Japan exports ofUSD614.3million.Handicraftexport284.6millionshoweda1.55%increase compared to Handicraft exportsin2012reached USD696.1million,whichshoweda13.3%increase compared to2010’s The handicraftindustryisnotedasthebiggestcontributortocopyright-basedindustriesinIndonesia. 9.6 No. 1. 2. Music Industry Handicraft Industry No ofcompanies(inthousands) Growth (%) Number ofCompaniesintheHandicraftIndustry 2005 897 2006 0.93 906 1,007 11.16 2007 1,070 2008 6.25 1,144 2009 6.94 1,197 2010 4.62 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia67 7.3 5.4 0.7 1.9 2.9 3.5 6.44 3.51 3.96 3.06 1.23 1.54 2.05 2.99 1.05 Industry to Value Added Industry to Value Contribution of Core Copyright 3.3 5.7 10.3 9.89 6.66 6.37 6.35 1.58 2.67 2.85 4.11 4.27 4.82 4.11 11.05 Industry to Value Added Industry to Value Contribution of Total Copyright Contribution of Total 2009 2012 2010 2009 2009 2011 2009 2008 2008 2011 2007 2008 2006 2014 2009 Year of Year Publication The Contribution of Total Copyright and Core Copyright Industries to Value Added Industries to Value Copyright and Core Copyright The Contribution of Total Country INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS INTERNATIONAL Australia Korea Hungary China Colombia Malaysia Philippines Indonesia US Source: WIPO Source: Table 10-1: Table If we compare the economic contributions of copyright industries in Indonesia with those of other countries, of copyright industries in Indonesia with those of other countries, the economic contributions If we compare added and employment, the total contributions of In terms of value lower. are figures generally Indonesia’s still lower than These are respectively. as 4.20% and 4.11% recorded copyright industries in Indonesia were 10-1). This is perhaps because of the size and the Philippines (see Table the ASEAN counterparts of Malaysia 2010). which is the biggest amongst ASEAN countries (IMF, of the overall Indonesian economy, The US records the biggest contribution of the total copyright industries to its economy, in terms of both value in terms economy, to its copyright industries the biggest contribution of the total The US records its copyright also has a significant contribution from employment (8.51%). Australia added (11.05%) and Korea In the Asian region, value added and employment, respectively). industries (10.3% and 8% to national copyright-based industries of a significant size. and China record For the purpose of providing some international for a total of 15 countries have been selected comparison, providing For the purpose of to the WIPO methodology, While all countries have referred based on data availability. comparative analysis reports were respects. The in several different were applied in these countries approaches the definitions and the useful perspectives in comparing Nonetheless, the data provide in the same year. also not published respective economies. industries in their significance of copyright-based 10. 68 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Table 10-2: Source: WIPOandPrimaryData Table 10-3: industry, whosesizeintermsbothofvalueaddedandemploymentisparticularlybig. categorized thecopyrightindustry, itcanbe notedthatthepartialcopyrightindustriesincludehandicraft than thoseofMalaysiaandthePhilippines(seeTable 10-3).Ifwerefer totheprevious sectionwhere we contribution ofthepartialcopyrightindustriesisgenerallyhigher. Comparatively, thiscontributionishigher However, there isaninteresting insightfrom the structure ofcopyrightindustriesinIndonesia,where the Source: WIPO Indonesia Malaysia Korea Pakistan Kenya Brunei Panama Jamaica Ukraine Australia US Netherlands Bhutan Mexico Philippines Core CopyrightIndustries Industries Interdependent Copyright Partial CopyrightIndustries Non-dedicated SupportIndustries Country The ContributionofTotal CopyrightandCoreIndustriestoEmployment Comparative ContributionofCopyrightIndustriesinIndonesia,Malaysia,andthePhilippines Publication Year of 2014 2008 2012 2009 2009 2011 2009 2007 2008 2007 2009 2009 2009 2011 2006 2006 To Value added 1.05% 0.65% 2.06% 0.36% Indonesia To Employment Contribution ofTotal Copyright- based IndustrytoEmployment 0.27% 2.05% 0.36% 1.1% 10.09 11.01 3.75 6.24 3.71 3.26 3.17 3.13 8.51 11.1 7.5 3.2 1.9 7.3 8.8 8 To Value added 2.9% 2.1% 0.6% 0.1% Malaysia To Employment 4.7% 1.6% 0.9% 0.2% Contribution ofCoreCopyrightto To Value added 3.54% 0.96% 0.04% 0.29% Employment The Philippines 1.10 2.85 1.52 1.79 1.16 4.29 4.97 4.05 1.03 3.41 8.81 4.7 1.5 0.7 1.2 6.2 To Employment 8.81% 1.4% 0.2% 0.6% Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia69 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS The present study should be placed strategically in the center of the growing creative industries in Indonesia. creative in the center of the growing study should be placed strategically The present to them encourage to sectors, creative the in creators prospective the for necessary is protection Copyright governmentthe As focus a put has Indonesia of industry. their to creation their transfer later and develop governmentthe help can study this sectors, appropriate designing in creative the of development the on of copyright-based industries. strategies for the development and protection Especially for the Indonesian context, the existence of an assessment of the economic contribution of the Especially for the Indonesian context, the existence of an assessment of of the economic contribution of some confusion with the assessment copyright-based industries can create study’s decision-makers, the present industries. While both can become useful parameters for the creative is methodology WIPO the using industries copyright-based of contribution economic the of assessment similar the internationalthe due to is This insightful. particularly from drawn be can which comparisons studies conducted in many other countries. The Ministry of Trade should team up with the Statistics Bureau to gather a data base of industry-level data Statistics Bureau should team up with the The Ministry of Trade accurate a more data to offer basis, the specific disaggregated on a regular ISIC) to provide, (based on their in Indonesia. estimation of the copyright-based industries Since the factors used in the present studies are only rough estimates, further studies should also conduct a estimates, further studies should also conduct only rough studies are Since the factors used in the present accurate copyright factors to be to be able to validate and determine more survey in order comprehensive study can be used as a basis to build up a series of data on the present used in the Indonesian context. The industries in Indonesia. Such a data series can become a solid basis economic contribution of copyright-based for the government on development of these industries. to formulate policies The present study provides baseline information on the economic contribution of copyright-based industries industries copyright-based of contribution economic the on information baseline provides study present The trade. employment, but has not calculated the contribution to foreign in terms of output, value added, and the other economic parameters, as well the social-cultural impacts of Further studies should also include copyright-based industries in Indonesia. The present study is only a cross-sectional one, providing data of a single year. Further studies should be should studies Further year. single a of data providing one, cross-sectional a only is study present The Perhaps Indonesia. industries in copyright-based of the the trends to assess be able to in order conducted of the economic importance of copyright- study is to build awareness the most important implication of this the Indonesian government strategies in based industries, which should motivate in crafting appropriate infrastructure. environment the establishment of an enabling through support of copyright-based industries industries to the national of the significance of the contribution of these awareness The general public’s than pirated copies. rather to consume genuine products motivation greater economy can also create This study has found that the copyright based industries in Indonesia make a significant contributor to the in Indonesia make a significant contributor that the copyright based industries This study has found 3.75% output, 4.11% to value added and the total contribution was 4.20% to In 2010, national economy. is highest the contribution the copyright-based industries, in at the sub-categories to employment. Looking of to other countries, the contribution compared copyright industries. However, the interdependent from of size bigger relatively of the perhaps because is This smaller. relatively is Indonesia in industries copyright since not of all of also a possibility of underestimation is to those countries. There Indonesian GDP compared in the national statistics. recorded ones) are medium enterprises (especially the micro small, and the micro, 11. 70 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia [8] [7] [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [1] Sources ofData REFERENCES [19] [18] [17] [16] [15] [14] [13] [12] [11] [10] [9] Books andArticles International MonetaryFund:EstimatesofCountries’GDP2011 International Sectors inIndonesia(2010) Ministry ofTourism andCreative Economy:AStudyontheEconomicContributionofTheCultural Nielsen: AdvertisingExpenditure, 2012 Ministry ofTrade: ContributionoftheSub-SectorsCreative IndustryinIndonesia,2011 Central Bureau ofStatistics:Intercensal PopulationSurvey(SurveiPendudukAntarSensus)2006 Central Bureau ofStatistics:EconomicCensus(SurveiEkonomi)2005 Central Bureau ofStatistics:NationalLaborForce Survey(SurveiAngkatanKerjaNasional)2010 Central Bureau ofStatistics:Input-OutputTable 2010of175sectors Ed. PeterYu, London: WIPOandThomsonReuters, pp.16-26. May, Christopher(2009),‘ThePre-History and EstablishmentoftheWIPO,’TheWIPOJournal,No.1, , Jakarta:MinistryofTradeon EconomicContributionof 14SubsectorsintheCreativeIndustry RI. Ministry ofTrade RepublicofIndonesia(Kementerian Perdagangan RepublikIndonesia)(2011),AStudy Ministry ofLawandLegislation. The ContributionofCopyrightandRelated-RightsIndustries totheIndonesianEconomy, Jakarta: Ministry of Law and HumanRights (now: Kementerian Hukum danPerundang-Undangan RI) (2003), Norm,’ JournalofInternationalMarketing,Vol. 10(2),pp.99-112. Gillespie, Kate,Kishore Khrisna,andSusanJarvis (2001),‘Protecting GlobalBrands:Towards AGlobal Industries. Geneva:World IntellectualProperty Organization. Gantchev, ontheEconomic ContributionoftheCopyright ofWIPO Surveys Dimiter(2011),Overview Intellectual Property Organization,pp.35-42. Studies onAssessingtheEconomicContributionof Copyright-BasedIndustries,Geneva:World Frankel, Susy(2004),‘SomeConsequencesofMisinterpreting theTRIPSAgreement,’ inNational atau Musik’,Tesis, Medan:UniversitasSumateraUtara. Dwi Astuti (2008), ‘Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Hak Cipta Terhadap Pembajakan Hak Cipta Lagu Hukum, Jakarta:DepartemenPerindustrian. dalam PerlindunganHakKekayaanIntelektual dan LiberalisasiPerdaganganJasaProfesidi Bidang Direktorat JenderalIndustriKecilMenengahDepartemenPerindustrian(2007),KebijakanPemerintah Rencana PengembanganEkonomiKreatifIndonesia2009-2015,Jakarta:DepartemenPerdagangan RI. Departemen Perdagangan RepublikIndonesia(2008),PengembanganEkonomiKreatif2025: Bureau ofStatistics). (Central Bureau ofStatistics(2009),IndonesianStandardClassificationIndustries,Jakarta:Central Biro PusatStatistik(2009),KlasifikasiBakuLapanganUsahaIndonesia,Jakarta:Biro PusatStatistik. Bureau ofStatistics). (Central Bureau ofStatistics(2005),IndonesianStandardClassificationIndustries,Jakarta:Central Biro PusatStatistik(2005),KlasifikasiBakuLapanganUsahaIndonesia,Jakarta:Biro PusatStatistik. Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia71

, Industries Copyright-Based the of Contribution Economic the Assessing on Studies National Shultz, Clifford J. II and Bill Saporito (1996), ‘Protecting Intellectual Property: Strategies and Strategies Intellectual Property: J. II and Bill Saporito (1996), ‘Protecting Shultz, Clifford Piracy in Global Markets,’ Columbia Journal of to Deter Counterfeiting and Brand Recommendations Business, 31 (Spring), 18-28. World Hak Cipta. Indonesia No 19/2002 Tentang Undang-Undang Republik in of Copyright-Based Industries Inc. (2004), ‘The Economic Contribution Communications Wall in Canada,’ pp. 107-207. Organization, Intellectual Property Geneva: World on Surveying(2002), Guide WIPO , Industries Copyright-based of the Contribution the Economic Mun, Kah Leo, Chow Kit Boey, Lee Kee Beng, Ong Chin Huat, and Loy Wee Loon (2004), ‘The Loon Loy Wee Chin Huat, and Kee Beng, Ong Lee Boey, Leo, Chow Kit Mun, Kah Assessing in National Studies on Singapore,’ of Copyright-based Industries in Economic Contribution Intellectual Property , Geneva: World of the Copyright-Based Industries the Economic Contribution Organization, pp. 5-106. http://www.wipo.int (accessed on December 10, 2009). http://www.wipo.int The WIPO and its Undetermined Future,’ Order Peter K. (2009), ‘The Global Intellectual Property Yu, Reuters, pp. 1-15. London: WIPO and Thomson Journal, No. 1, Ed. Peter Yu, (accessed on April 1, http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_sof_pir_rat-crime-software-piracy-rate 2010). (accessed on April 1, 2010) http://global.bsa.org/globalpiracy2008/index.html on April 1, 2010). (accessed http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_19/b3782609.htm (accessed on August 2, 2013) http://www.kabarbisnis.com/read/2814059 [22] [23] [24] [21] [20] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] 72 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

Appendix List1 of Copyright-based Industries

(Based on Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia or ISIC – 2009)

Type of Copyright Main Groups of Industries Subgroups Code Notes Industry Core Copyright 1. Press and Literature Printing and Printing and Services Printing (1811) General Printing (18111) Reproduction of Activities related to covers: newspaper, Recorded Media (18) Printing (181) book, magazines, journal, music, etc. Specific Printing (18112) (stamp, money, ticket, etc.) Services Activities Services Activities (18120) related to Printing related to Printing (1812) (1812) Publishing (58) Publishing of Books, Book Publishing Book Publishing 58110 Magazines, and others (5811) (581) Publishing of Publishing of 58120 Directories and Directories and Mailing List (5812) Mailing List Publishing of Publishing of 58130 Newspapers, Newspapers, Journals Journals and and Periodicals Periodicals (5813) Other publishing Other publishing (58190) Activities (5819) Activities Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia73

Activities (9000) Activities (900) (90)

and Entertainment Entertainment and Entertainment Activities Activities Entertainment Entertainment Activities Activities Entertainment

(90002) Activities Workers Arts Creative, Arts, Arts, Creative, Creative, Arts, and and Arts, Creative, Creative, Arts, and and Arts, Creative,

(5914)

Projection Activities Projection Projection Activities Activities Projection

(59140) Motion Pictures Pictures Motion Motion Pictures Pictures Motion

Programs by Private by Programs

Picture, Video and TV TV and Video Picture,

(59132) Distribution Of Motion Motion Of Distribution

Programs by Govt, by Programs Programs (5913) Programs

Picture, Video and TV TV and Video Picture, Picture, Video and TV TV and Video Picture,

(59131) Distribution Of Motion Motion Of Distribution Distribution Of Motion Motion Of Distribution

Production by Private Private by Production

and TV Program Program TV and

Publishing Activities (59) Activities Publishing

(59112) Motion Picture, Video Video Picture, Motion

Recording, and Music Music and Recording,

Production by Govt., by Production Production, (5911) Production, Production, (591) Production, Production, Sound Sound Production,

and TV Program Program TV and and TV Program Program TV and and TV Programmed Programmed TV and and TV Program Program TV and

(59111) Motion Picture, Video Video Picture, Motion Motion Picture, Video Video Picture, Motion Motion Picture, Video Video Picture, Motion Motion Picture, Video Video Picture, Motion

(1820) Recorded Media (18) (18) Media Recorded

and Video Recording Recording Video and Recorded Media Media Recorded Media (182) Media Reproduction of of Reproduction Video

(18202) Reproduction of Film Film of Reproduction Reproduction of of Reproduction Reproduction of Recorded Recorded of Reproduction Printing and and Printing Motion Pictures and and Pictures Motion 3.

Activities

(90003 Other Entertainment Entertainment Other

Arts Workers Activities Workers Arts (90002)

Activities (9000) Activities (900) (90)

Activities and Entertainment Entertainment and Entertainment Activities Activities Entertainment Entertainment Activities Activities Entertainment

(90001) Art Performance Performance Art Creative, Arts, Arts, Creative, Creative, Arts, and and Arts, Creative, Creative, Arts, and and Arts, Creative,

Publishing Activities (59) Activities Publishing

Recording, and Music Music and Recording,

(5920) Production, Sound Sound Production,

Music Publishing Music 59202

and Music Publishing Publishing Music and Music Publishing (592) Publishing Music and TV Programme Programme TV and

Sound Recording Sound 59201 Sound Recording Recording Sound Sound Recording and and Recording Sound Motion Picture, Video Video Picture, Motion

Software Software (1820) Recorded Media (18) (18) Media Recorded Operas

Audio Recordings and and Recordings Audio Recorded Media Media Recorded Media (182) Media Reproduction of of Reproduction Productions, and and Productions, (continued)

(18201) Reproduction of of Reproduction Reproduction of of Reproduction Reproduction of Recorded Recorded of Reproduction Printing and and Printing Music, Theatrical Theatrical Music, 2. Core Copyright Copyright Core

Industry

Type of Copyright Copyright of Type Main Groups of Industries of Groups Main Subgroups Code Notes 74 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

Type of Copyright Main Groups of Industries Subgroups Code Notes Industry Core Copyright 4. Radio and Television Programming and Radio Broadcasting (601) Radio Broadcasting Radio Broadcasting by (60101) (continued Broadcasting Activities (6010) Govt,. (60) Radio broadcasting by (60102) private Television Programming Television Television (60201) and Broadcasting (602) Programming and Programming and Broadcasting (6020) Broadcasting by Govt. Television (60202) Programming and Broadcasting by Private 5. Photography Other Professional, Photographic Activities Photographic Photographic (74201) Scientific, and Technical (742) Activities (7420) Activities Activities. (74) 6. Software and Computer Programming, Computer Programming, Computer Computer (62010) Databases Consultancy, and Related Consultancy, and Related Programming (6201) Programming Activities (62) Activities (620) Computer, Computer, (62020) Consultancy and Consultancy, and Computer Facilities Computer Facilities Management (6202) Management Information Service Data Processing, Hosting, Data Processing, Data Processing (63111) Activities (63) and Related Activities, Hosting, and Related Data Hosting, and (63112) Web Portal (631) Activities (6311) Related Activities Web Portals (6312) Web Portals (63120) 7. Visual and Graphic Arts Creative, Arts, and Creative, Arts, and Creative, Arts, Arts Workers Activities (90002) Entertainment Activities Entertainment Activities and Entertainment (90) (900) Activities (9000) 8. Advertising Services Advertising and Market Advertising (731) Advertising (7310) Advertising 73100 Research (73) Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia75

Equipment (2622) Equipment

Equipment (2622) Equipment Peripherals Peripherals

Computers Peripherals Peripherals Computers Of Computers Computers Of

(26220) Manufacture Of Of Manufacture Manufacture Manufacture

(262)

Computers (2621) Computers Computers (2621) Computers Peripherals Equipment Equipment Peripherals Optical Product (26) Product Optical

Or Assembly Of Of Assembly Or Or Assembly Of Of Assembly Or Computers And And Computers Computer, Electronic And And Electronic Computer, Equipment

(26210) Manufacture And/ Manufacture Manufacture And/ Manufacture Manufacture Of Of Manufacture Manufacture Of Of Manufacture Computers and and Computers 2.

And Copier (2642) Copier And

Receiver, And Copier And Receiver, Recorder, Receiver, Receiver, Recorder,

Video Recorder, Recorder, Video Of Audio/Video Audio/Video Of

other Similar Equipment Similar other

(26420) Manufacture Of Audio/ Of Manufacture Manufacture Manufacture

Game Equipment, and and Equipment, Game

Television (2641) Television Players, Electronic Electronic Players,

Assembly Of Television Television Of Assembly Or Assembly Of Of Assembly Or Optical Product (26) Product Optical Players, Cassette Cassette Players,

Television And/Or And/Or Television Television And/ Television And Electronic Video (264) Video Electronic And Computer, Electronic And And Electronic Computer, CD Players, DVD DVD Players, CD Industries Industries

(26410) Manufacture Of Of Manufacture Manufacture Of Of Manufacture Manufacture Of Audio Audio Of Manufacture Manufacture Of Of Manufacture TV sets, Radios, VCRs, VCRs, Radios, sets, TV 1. Interdependent Interdependent

(collecting society for music recording) music for society (collecting

http://www.wami.co.id

72799905 021 Fax.

72799904 021 Telp.

Jakarta

Raya Senopati No.24, Bakti Jl.

Indonesia Musik Wahana 3.

books) for society (collecting

Indonesia Buku Cipta Yayasan 2.

music) live for society (collecting

Telp.(021) 75905640, Telp.(021) 75905884, Telp.(021) 75905885 Telp.(021) 75905884, Telp.(021) 75905640, Telp.(021)

Fax.(021) 7656051 Fax.(021)

Jakarta Selatan 12420, Selatan Jakarta

Jl. RS. Fatmawati No. 15, No. Fatmawati RS. Jl.

Golden Plaza Complex Block C No. 12, No. C Block Complex Plaza Golden

Societies (continued

Yayasan Karya Cipta Indonesia (now Karya Cipta Indonesia) Cipta Karya (now Indonesia Cipta Karya Yayasan 1. Copyright Collecting Collecting Copyright 9. Core Copyright Copyright Core

Industry

Type of Copyright Copyright of Type Main Groups of Industries of Groups Main Subgroups Code Notes 76 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

Type of Copyright Main Groups of Industries Subgroups Code Notes Industry Interdependent 3. Musical Instruments Other Manufacturing (32) Manufacture Of Musical Manufacture Of Manufacture Of (32201) Industries Instrument (322) Musical Instrument Traditional Music (continued) (3220) Instrument Manufacture Of Non (32202) Traditional Music Instrument 4. Photographic and Manufacture of Manufacture of Optical Manufacture of Manufacture of (26710) Cinematographic Computer, Electronic and Instruments and Photographic Photographic Instrument Optical Products (26) Photographic Equipment Equipment (2671) Equipment (267) Manufacture of Manufacture of Motion (26791) Photographic Picture Projectors and Equipment and Other Equipment Optical Instruments (2679) 5. Photocopiers Manufacture of Manufacture of General Manufacture of Manufacture of (28179) Machinery and Purpose Machinery (281) Office Machinery Photocopier Machines Equipment N.E.C (28) and Equipment (except Computer and Peripheral Equipment) (2817) 6. Blank Recording Manufacture of Manufacture of Magnetic Manufacture of Manufacture of (26800) Material Computer, Electronic and and Optical Media (268) Magnetic and Optical Magnetic and Optical Optical Products (26) Media (2680) Media 7. Paper Manufacture of Paper Manufacture of Paper and Manufacture of Manufacture of Pulp (17011) and Paper Products (17) Paper Products (170) Pulp, Paper and Manufacture of Paper (17012) Paperboard (1701) Manufacture of Manufacture of (17021) Corrugated Paper and Corrugated Paper and Paperboard and of Paperboard Containers of Paper Manufacture of (17022) and Paperboard Containers of Paper (1702) and Paperboard (1702) Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia77

(3212)

Related Articles Articles Related and Related Articles Articles Related and

Imitation Jewelry and and Jewelry Imitation Imitation Jewelry Jewelry Imitation

(32120) Manufacture Of Of Manufacture Manufacture Of Of Manufacture

Gold

Articles made from from made Articles

(32119) Manufacture of of Manufacture

(32115 Pearls of Manufacture

Non-personal Use Non-personal

Jewelry from Gold for for Gold from Jewelry

(32113) Manufacture of of Manufacture

Personal Use Personal

Jewelry from Gold for for Gold from Jewelry

(32112) Manufacture of of Manufacture

Articles (3211) Articles

GemstoneS Jewelry and Related Related and Jewelry and Valuables (321) Valuables and

(32111) Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of of Manufacture Other Manufacturing (32) Manufacturing Other coins and Jewelry 2. Manufacture of Jewelry Jewelry of Manufacture

Footwear

(15209) Manufacture of Other Other of Manufacture

Shoes

(15202) Manufacture of Sport Sport of Manufacture

NeedS (15)

(152) Footwear for Daily Daily for Footwear Footwear (1520) Footwear and Related Products Products Related and

Manufacture of Footwear Footwear of Manufacture (15201) Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of Leather Leather of Manufacture

from Leather from

Wearing Apparel Apparel Wearing

(14112) Manufacture of of Manufacture

(141) (141)

from Textiles from (1411) (14) (14)

Apparel

Wearing Apparel Apparel Wearing Wearing Apparel Apparel Wearing Apparel except Fur Fur except Apparel Apparel Footwear Industries

(14111) Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of Wearing Wearing of Manufacture Manufacture of Wearing Wearing of Manufacture Apparel, Textiles, and and Textiles, Apparel, 1. Partial Copyright Copyright Partial

Industry

Type of Copyright Copyright of Type Main Groups of Industries of Groups Main Subgroups Code Notes 78 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

Type of Copyright Main Groups of Industries Subgroups Code Notes Industry Partial Copyright 3. Other Crafts Manufacture of Wood Manufacture of Products Manufacture of Wood Crafting Industry (16293) Industries and of Products of Wood of Wood, Cork, Straw and Other Products of (Excluding Furniture) (continued) and Cork (Excluding Plaiting Materials (162) Wood; Manufacture This category includes Furniture), Manufacture of Articles of Cork, Assorted Handicrafts of Articles of Straw and Straw and Plaiting and Wood Crafting, Plaiting Materials (16) Materials (1629) such as: Reliefs, Masks, Puppets, Vases, Frames, etc. 4. Furniture Manufacture of Furniture Manufacture of Furniture Manufacture of Manufacture of (31001) (31) (310) Furniture (3100) Wooden Furniture Manufacture of Rattan (31002) and Bamboo Furniture Manufacture of (31003) Furniture Manufacture of Metal (31004) Furniture Manufacture of Other (31005) Furniture 5. Household Goods, Manufacture of Glass Manufacture of Glass and Manufacture of Glass Manufacture of (23121) China and Glass and Glass Products (23) Glass Products (231) Products (2312) Household Goods from Glass Manufacture of Wood Manufacture of Products Manufacture of Manufacture of Other (16290) and of Products of Wood of Wood, Cork, Straws Other Products of Products of Wood; and Cork (Excluding and Plaiting Materials Wood; Manufacture Manufacture of Furniture), Manufacture (162) of Articles of Cork, Articles of Cork, Straw of Articles of Straw and Straw and Plaiting and Plaiting Materials Plaiting Materials (16) Materials (1629) Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia79

Private

Buildings (9102) Buildings

(91022) Museum Operating by by Operating Museum

Historical Sites and and Sites Historical Cultural Activities (910) Activities Cultural Cultural Activities (91) Activities Cultural

Govt. and Operation of of Operation and Museums, and other other and Museums, Museums, and Other Other and Museums,

(91021) Museum Operating by by Operating Museum Museum Activities Activities Museum Libraries, Archives, Archives, Libraries, Libraries, Archives, Archives, Libraries, Museums 10.

and Finishing Finishing and and Finishing (4330) Finishing and Finishing (433) Finishing Activities (43) Activities

(43300) Building Completion Completion Building Building Completion Completion Building Building Completion and and Completion Building Specialized Construction Construction Specialized Design Interior 9.

(7320) (732)

Public Opinion Polling Polling Opinion Public Public Opinion Polling Polling Opinion Public Public Opinion Polling Polling Opinion Public Research(73)

(73200) Market Research and and Research Market Market Research and and Research Market Market Research and and Research Market Advertising and Market Market and Advertising

Consultancy Consultancy Consultancy (7110) Consultancy Consultancy (711) Consultancy Analysis (71) Analysis

and Related Technical Technical Related and and Related Technical Technical Related and and Related Technical Technical Related and Technical Testing and and Testing Technical

Engineering Activities Activities Engineering Engineering Activities Activities Engineering Engineering Activities Activities Engineering Engineering Activities; Activities; Engineering Engineering, Surveying Engineering,

(71100) Architectural and and Architectural Architectural and and Architectural Architectural and and Architectural Architectural and and Architectural Architecture, Architecture, 8.

Manufacture of Toys Toys of Manufacture (32402)

Equipment (3240)

of Games/Toys Games/Toys of Games and Toys Toys and Games and Toys (324) Toys and

(32401) Manufacture Manufacture Manufacture of of Manufacture Toys and Games and Toys 7. Other Manufacturing (32) Manufacturing Other Manufacture of Games Games of Manufacture

(1702) (1702)

and Paperboard Paperboard and

Containers of Paper Paper of Containers

Paperboard Paperboard Paperboard and of of and Paperboard

Corrugated Paper and and Paper Corrugated Corrugated Paper and and Paper Corrugated Paper Products (170) Products Paper and Paper Products (17) Products Paper and

(17021) Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of Paper and and Paper of Manufacture Manufacture of Paper Paper of Manufacture

(1393) (1393) (continued)

Carpets and Rugs Rugs and Carpets Carpets and Rugs Rugs and Carpets Textiles (139) Textiles (13) Carpets Industries Industries

(13930) Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of of Manufacture Manufacture of Other Other of Manufacture Manufacture of Textiles Textiles of Manufacture Wall Coverings and and Coverings Wall 6. Partial Copyright Copyright Partial

Industry

Type of Copyright Copyright of Type Main Groups of Industries of Groups Main Subgroups Code Notes 80 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

Type of Copyright Main Groups of Industries Subgroups Code Notes Industry Partial Copyright 11. Handicraft Industry Manufacture of Spinning, Weaving and Preparation and Manufacture of (13111) Handicraft is Industries (13) Finishing of Textile (131) Spinning of Textile Preparation of which (continued) Fibers (1311) Fibers is protected under Indonesia’s Copyright Law no 19/2002 Finishing of Textiles (1313) Weaving of Textile Spinning of Textile (13112) (1312) Batik (13134) Manufacture of Wood Manufacture of Products Manufacture of Wood Crafting Industry 16293 and of Products of Wood of Wood, Cork, Straw and Other Products of (Excluding Furniture) and Cork (Excluding Plaiting Materials (162) Wood; Manufacture This category includes Furniture), Manufacture of Articles of Cork, Assorted Handicrafts of Articles of Straw and Straw and Plaiting and Wood Crafting, Plaiting Materials (16) Materials (1629) such as: Reliefs, Masks, Puppets, Vases, Frames, etc. Non-dedicated 1. General Wholesale Wholesale Trade, except Wholesale of Household Wholesale of Wholesale of Textiles, (46410) Support Industries and Preparation of of Motor Vehicles and Goods (464) Textiles, and Clothing and Footwear Historical Sites and (46) Footwear (4641) Buildings (9102) Wholesale of Other Wholesale of (46491) Household Goods Household Tools and (4649) Equipment 2. Retailing Retail Trade except of Retail Sale in Non Retail Sale in Non- Retail Sale in Non- (47110) Motor Vehicles and specialized Stores (471) specialized Stores specialized Stores Motorcycles (47) with , Beverages, with Food, Beverages, and Tobacco and Tobacco Predominating (4711) Predominating Retail Sale of Food, Retail Sale of Retail Sale of Food, (47200) Beverages, and Tobacco Food, Beverages, Beverages, and in Specialized Stores (472) and Tobacco in Tobacco in Specialized Specialized Stores Stores (4720) Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia81

Activities (619) Activities

Other Telecommunication Other

Activities (612) Activities

Telecommunication Telecommunication

Wireless Wireless

Activities (611) Activities

Wired Telecommunication Telecommunication Wired (61) Telecommunication Internet and Telephony 4.

Activities (79) Activities

Service and Related Related and Service

Operator Activities (791) Activities Operator Operator, Reservation Reservation Operator,

Travel Agency and Tour Tour and Agency Travel Travel Agency, Tour Tour Agency, Travel

Courier Activities (532) Activities Courier

Activities (53) Activities

Postal Activities (531) Activities Postal Postal and Courier Courier and Postal

Transportation (522) Transportation

Support Activities for for Activities Support

Transportation (52) Transportation

(521) Support Activities For For Activities Support

Warehousing and Storage Storage and Warehousing Warehousing and and Warehousing

Freight Air Transport (512) Transport Air Freight

(511)

Air Transport (51) Transport Air Passenger Air Transport Transport Air Passenger

(502)

Inland Water Transport Transport Water Inland

Transport (501) Transport

Water Transport (50) Transport Water Sea and Coastal Water Water Coastal and Sea

(4922)

Other Land Transport Transport Land Other

(49) (continued)

(491) Transport via Pipelines Pipelines via Transport Support Industries Industries Support

Transport via Railways Railways via Transport General Transportation General 3. Land Transport and and Transport Land Non-dedicated Non-dedicated

Industry

Type of Copyright Copyright of Type Main Groups of Industries of Groups Main Subgroups Code Notes 82 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia

Appendix Values2 of the Copyright-based Industries Before Factoring

Results Table 1: Economic Values of Copyright-Based Industries in terms of Output, Value Added, and Employment

(in million IDR and number of people)

INDONESIAN COPYRIGHT-BASED INDUSTRIES (ICR)

Value Added Employment Output (million Value Added Code Description of Industry Output Factor Factor (million IDR) Employment Factor (after IDR) after factoring (Million IDR) after factoring factoring)

I. Core Copyright 169,408,059 169,408,059 67,273,614 67,273,614 1,189,710 1,189,710 1.1 1. Press and Literature 61,876,077 100% 61,876,077 23,675,781 100% 23,675,781 619,158 100% 619,158 2. Music, Theatrical Productions, 5,919,114 100% 5,919,114 2,391,239 100% 2,391,239 58,006 100% 58,006 1.2 Operas 1.3 3. Motion Picture and Video 5,350,445 100% 5,350,445 2,047,426 100% 2,047,426 29,735 100% 29,735 1.4 4. Radio and Television 66,978,943 100% 66,978,943 27,720,430 100% 27,720,430 313,711 100% 313,711 1.5 5. Photography 10,625,622 100% 10,625,622 4,102,239 100% 4,102,239 80,130 100% 80,130 1.6 6. Software and Databases 5,859,473 100% 5,859,473 2,237,813 100% 2,237,813 39,098 100% 39,098 1.7 7. Visual and Graphic Arts 2,002,116 100% 2,002,116 814,290 100% 814,290 22,385 100% 22,385 1.8 8. Advertising Services 10,783,267 100% 10,783,267 4,280,395 100% 4,280,395 27,207 100% 27,207 1.9 9. Copyright Collecting Societies*) 13,000 100% 13,000 4,000 100% 4,000 280 100% 280 II. Interdependent Industries 416,111,824 113,017,173 39,644,590 41,755,138 258,702 289,720 1. TV sets, Radios,VCRs, CD Players, DVD Players, Cassette Players, 121,731,201 45% 54,779,040 16,208,276 40% 20,017,221 53,137 40% 94,230 2.1 Electronic 2.2 2. Computers and Equipment 3,823,812 40% 1,529,525 767,499 40% 1,072,580 1,127 40% 1,978 2.3 3. Musical Instruments 10,015,042 30% 3,004,512 791,834 25% 995,731 22,565 25% 29,335 4. Photographic and 5,913,873 25% 1,478,468 241,875 25% 329,353 18,246 25% 28,774 2.4 Cinematographic Instrument 2.5 5. Photocopiers 29,283 20% 5,857 2,293 20% 2,798 536 20% 775 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia83

TOTAL 4,064,346 4,064,346 16,239,902 264,212,745 911,979,649 673,506,901 2,716,160,246

Telephony and internet and Telephony 3. 4.3 47,736 47,736 3.30% 1,446,544 6,974,498 3.30% 235,995,993 7,726,052 3.30% 234,122,793

General transportation General 2. 4.2 255,073 255,073 3.30% 7,729,488 12,518,659 3.30% 379,863,297 31,593,029 3.30% 957,364,503

General wholesale and retailing and wholesale General 1. 4.1 58,642 58,642 3.30% 1,777,021 3,599,358 3.30% 110,458,781 4,941,353 3.30% 149,737,960

IV. Non-Dedicated Support Ind. Support Non-Dedicated IV. 361,451 361,451 10,953,053 23,092,515 726,318,070 44,260,433 1,341,225,255

Handicraft Industry Handicraft 11. 2.80 654,211 654,211 80% 629,049 50,064,079 80% 9,933,349 135,768,907 80% 169,711,133

Museums 10. 3.10 2,710 2,710 8% 13,643 106,225 8% 347,597 160,295 8% 2,098,102

Interior design Interior 9. 3.9 22,279 22,279 14.5% 42,602 1,943,010 14.5% 2,476,939 2,271,285 20.0% 11,356,426

surveying 3.8

8,232 8,232 14.5% 20,989 4,532,723 14.5% 5,474,171 5,536,235 25.0% 22,144,940

Architecture, engineering, engineering, Architecture, 8.

Toys and games and Toys 7. 3.7 13,209 13,209 36.23% 30,379 1,809,925 36.23% 1,040,665 3,647,500 36.23% 10,066,698

Wallcoverings and carpets and Wallcoverings 6. 3.6 351 351 1.29% 11,862 6,230 1.29% 100,873 48,403 3.00% 1,613,445

glass 3.5

199 199 0.5% 18,247 22,183 0.5% 1,019,446 54,389 2.5% 2,175,543

Household goods, china, and and china, goods, Household 5.

Furniture 4. 3.4 451,973 451,973 35% 679,658 24,109,737 35% 12,300,886 60,583,618 35% 173,096,052

Other crafts Other 3. 3.3 501,641 501,641 35% 1,194,384 2,416,605 35% 1,190,446 6,263,771 50% 12,527,542

Jewelry and coins and Jewelry 2. 3.2 37,047 37,047 18% 139,014 716,395 18% 1,036,566 2,842,663 20% 14,213,317

Apparel, textiles, and footwear and textiles, Apparel, 1. 3.1 531,612 531,612 15% 1,687,658 46,364,365 15% 53,755,786 129,644,168 35% 370,411,908

III. Partial Copyright Industries Copyright Partial III. 2,223,464 2,223,464 3,838,436 132,091,478 78,743,375 346,821,235 789,415,107

Paper 7. 2.7 132,906 132,906 15% 161,098 19,142,244 15% 21,439,885 51,299,090 19% 269,995,211

Blank Recording Material Recording Blank 6. 2.6 4,603,403 4,603,403 20% 920,681 920,681 192,928 192,928 20% 195,211 195,211 1,993 1,993 20% 1,723 1,723

after factoring after factoring) factoring)

IDR) after factoring after IDR) (Million IDR) (Million

Code Description of Industry of Description Output Factor Factor (million IDR) IDR) (million Employment Employment Factor (after (after

Output (million (million Output Value Added Added Value

Value Added Added Value Employment Employment INDONESIAN COPYRIGHT-BASED INDUSTRIES (ICR) INDUSTRIES COPYRIGHT-BASED INDONESIAN 84 Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Rights Industries in Indonesia Appendix 3 Part I: PROFILE of RESPONDENT of PROFILE I: Part Ministry ofTourism andCreative Economy Yours sincerely, We thankyouverymuchforyourhelpfulcooperation. purpose ofthisstudy. policies oncopyright-basedindustriesinIndonesia.Allinformationiskeptconfidentialandusedonlyforthe kindly givetrueresponses, becausetheresults ofthesurveywillbecomeonebases indeveloping in cooperation with WIPO (Worldby the Indonesiangovernment Intellectual Property Organization). Please on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and Related Right Industries in Indonesia. The survey is conducted We wouldliketoaskyoufillupthequestionnaire (attached).Thequestionnaire isaninstrumentofasurvey Dear Sir/Madam, LETTER: INTRODUCTORY SURVEY: ‘ECONOMICCONTRIBUTIONOFCOPYRIGHT-BASED INDUSTRIESININDONESIA’ Company address Variety ofproducts Year ofestablishment Status ofownership Field ofbusiness Name ofCompany Position intheCompany Age Gender Name The Questionnaire : : : : : : : : : : q ForeignLocalMixed Study on the Economic Contribution of Copyright and

Related Rights Industries in Indonesia85 Not important Person Person Somewhat important THANK YOU : : Important No (please go directly to Question no. 5) % % Total number of permanent employees Total Including: Manager Staff in the technical department or other professionals Staff in the office and sales department the production department and transportation in Workers Number of part-time workers Total of payroll/salary/wages Total of material costs Total office/administration, etc) of other costs (packaging, Total and delivery costs of transportation Total etc. licensing fee, royalty, salary, of management Total advertising, rental fee, etc) water, Others (electricity, Depreciation How important is copyright in your company’s daily operations? (circle the appropriate answer) How important is copyright in your company’s Important Very patent, license, or copyright? Does your company receive or pay royalties (or in other forms) for using Yes to your total expenditure/income? On average, what is the percentage of royalty money paid or received compared ...... (or in other forms of royalty) How much or what percentage of your total turnover is paid to /received from royalties ...... related to creative activities? What is the percentage or how many people of your employees are involved in activities Note: Creative activity include research and development, design activities, etc. Number of Full-time employees Number of Part-time employees Total investment in machinery and manufacturing facilities investment in machinery and manufacturing Total end of 2011 inventory of finished products at the Total Number of employees (at 31 December 2011) a. b. b. c. d. e. f. PRODUCTION COSTS TOTAL g. Total turnover in 2011 Total costs in 2011 Estimation of total production a. 3. 4. 5. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 1. III. Estimation of Company Activities Related to Copyright Part II: The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Argentina

Creative Industries Series No. 8 For more information contact WIPO at www.wipo.int World Intellectual Property Organization 34, chemin des Colombettes P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland

Telephone: +41 22 338 91 11 FreeDigitalPhotos.net Fax: +41 22 733 54 28 Credits for Cover Screenshots: Image (top left) courtesy of franky242 / Image (lower right) courtesy of domdeen / FreeDigitalPhotos.net