Set No. 1 Question Booklet No. 00002 IIP/261f1 • (To be filled up by the candidate by bluelblJlck bldl'point pen)

Roll No. LI_...J.._...J.._...J.._...J.._...J.._-'-_-'-_-' Roll No. (Write the digits in words) ...... Serial No. of Answer Sheet ...... Day and Date ...... ( Signature of Invigilator) INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES (Use only bluelblack ball7Joint pen in the space above and on both sides of the Answer SbHt) 1. Within 10 minutes of the issue ofthe Question Booklet, check the Question Booklet to ensure that it contains all the pages in correct sequence and that no page/question is missing. In case of faulty Question Booklet bring it to the notice of the Superintendentlfnvigilators immediately to obtain a fresh Question Booklet. 2;. Do not bring any loose paper, written or blank, inside the Examination Hall exuplth~ Admit Card wit/lOut its envelope. 3. A separate Answer Sheet is given. It should not be folded or mutilated A second Answer Shut shall not be provided. Only the Answer Sheet will be evaluated. 4. Write your Roll Number and Serial Number of the Answer Sheet by pen in the space prvided above. S. On tlte front page 0/ the Answer Sheet, wrile by pen your Roll NUllIber in the sJKlce proviJc{/ ttt the top and by darkening the circles at the bottom. Also, wherever applicable, write ti,e Question Book/et Number and the Set Number in appropr/me placn. 6. No overwriting is allowed in the entries 0/ lloll No., Question Book/el no. and Set no. (if an.a') on OMR sheet and Roll No. and OMR sheel no. on the Ques/on 6ooklet. 7. Any change in the aforesaid entries is to be verlfled by Ihe invigilator, otherwire it wlD IH taken as un/airmenns. 8. Each question in litis Booklet is followed by four alternative all.nV'm·, For ('"ch qflesr;OIl •.Fllil are to record Ihe correct option on ti,e Ans.... er Sheel by darkening IIIe approprialt circle in Ihe corresponding row of I/Ie Answer Sheet, by pen as mentioned in tlte guidelines given on the first page of Ihe Answer SI,eel. 9. For each question, darken only one circle on the Answer Sheet. If you darken more than one circle or darken a circle partially, the answer will be treated as incorrect. 10. Note that the answer once filled in jnk cannot be changed. If you do not wish 10 attempt a question, leave all the circles in the corresponding row blallk (such question will he crn'ard~d zero marks). 11. For rough work, use the inner back page of the title cover and the blank page at the cnd of thii> Booklet. U. Deposit only OMR Answer Sheet at the end of the Test. 13. You are not permitted to leave the Examination Hall until the end of the Test. 14. If a candidate attempts to use any form of unfair means, he/she shall be liable to such punishment as the University may detennine and impose on himlher. Total No. of Printed Pages :28 llP/261/1 No. of Questions: 100 'P'iT

01. From which place the monthly magazine 'Sangeet Kala Vihar' is pub­ lished? (1) Miraz (2) Baroda (3) Mumbai (4) Pune

'Wfio <.fK'!T fcIm' 'WI "WfIn 'lit 4If<1.., ~ om ~ Q'hlfilld ~ t ? (1) fl:ir;;! 12). (3) ~ (4) ~

02. "Sangr:et Pari.lat" is written by : (1) Soc"nath (2) Ahobal (3) Rama!nattya (4) Shri Nivas

3 P.T.O. llP/261/1

"....,.,"'IIQ ql R.,Id "...... """" 1T'II 4Q : (1) 'iiI'HI~ mu (3) ~1'lIIm'l mu

03. Which Grantha is written by Pt. Bhathkhande ? (1) Rag Parichay (2) Kramic Pustak Malika (3) Sangeet Bodh (4) Sangeetanjali

'If. '1ld

04. Tick mark the correct Rag for the following notes:

, I • n\_ fj S m~_,m p, m -~rs (1) Todi (2) Bhairavi (3) Multani (4) Purbi

R"I Ii'H\€lf<'l il; full

OS. In which Rag both the 'madhyam' are used together? (1) Ramkali (2) Lalit (3) Bhairav (4) Todi

mr WT l! ~ ''Il'>l'I' 'liT lJ.'if>' ~ w:ii'! mm t ? (1) nq~i'\l (2) ~ (3) ~ (4)

06. Who is the author of Grantha 'Sangeet Ratnakar' ? (1) Matanga Muni (2) Someshwar (3) Sharangadeo (4) Uya.nkatmukhi

4 llP/261/1

'rio {i'ilq;( .We! iI; ~ ~ t ? (1) >«PT 'If.i (2) Wt~ (3) ~1I'!N6I

07. Which is the previous form of Rag? (1) Gram (2) Jati (3) Dhruva (4) Prabandha

WT q;J 'fI "'PP~1 t ?

(1) 1Il1'l (2) ~ (3) ~ (4) ~

08. What is the Jati of Rag 'vibhas' ? (1) Shadav (2) Sampurna (3) Odav (4) Odav shadav

WT f

(1) ~ (2) ~ (3) ~ (4) ~~

09. Which Rag is supposed to be a seasonal Rag? (1) Megh Malhar (2) Bihag (3) Hindol (4) Kedar

..m~m~"Ilm1t? (1) iN ~ (2) fomTl (3) f~~ct (4) ~

10. Rag sohini is similar to : (1) Puriyadhanashri (2) Basant (3) Puriya (4) Jaunpuri

5 P.T.O. UP/261/l

WT (jjf~;fl ~ ~ : (1) '!ftRI~ (2) m:RI (3) '!ft

11. How many Matras are in Adachartal ? 311,\\1"11<<11<1 ii flI;

12. Which note is known as "Adhwadarshak swar" ? (1) P (2) G (3) M (4) R

~ \

(1) 'q (2) lJ (3) "l (4) ~

13. Which three notes are Komal in Rag "Darb"ri Kanhra" ? (1) GDN (2) RGD (3) GNR (4) DNR

WT "<;'~Rl 'li1'll'\\1" ii..m "i'I

14. Sarangi played by : ( 1) Mizrab (2) Jawa (3) Dandi (4) Bow

~ "'liT

15. Second part of the saptak is called : (1) Purbanga (2) Uttaranga (3) Purb-rag (4) Uttar-rag

6 UP/261/1

(1) ~ (2) ~ (3) 'l'i -

16. Which of the following style of both music Is related to Rajasthan ? (1) Bhatlyali (2) Manda (3) Garba (4) Glddha

H"1f<'1f

17. 'A1anghan' and 'Abhyas' are the Bhedss of : (1) Tirobhav (2) Bahuttva (3) Sanyas (4) Vlnyas '31WR' aiR '31"lm' fq;~4> .r.: t ? (1) fuit'11'l (2) ~ (3) ~~iij (4) ~~I~

18. Which group of Instrument belongs to ? (1) Tat (2) Awanadha (3) Ghan (4) Sushlr

mt<:~er!~qm~ ? (1)

19. 'S R G M P D !:! S' Is related to which That? (1) Bhalravl (2) Kafi (3) Asawari (4) Khamaj "'l ~ 11- 11 -q ~ 'fi- m' W(lqf<'1 ~ ~ ~ ij""fo\1d t ? (1) ~ (2) q;rqft (3) 3llijlqU (4) lFlT"I

7 P.T.O. llP/261/1

20. Tick mark the correct Raga for the following notes :

I . N S G M P, M P 0 N 0 P ~ - -- (1) Bhairav (2) Ramkali (3) Bhairavi (4) Purbi

f.Il:I ~(I'l~ ~ ~ ~ Wl 'R ~ ml I ~ <11"1 11 '1, 11 '1 '! -:jl ~ '1 ( 1) ~ (2) "(I"''1,*,,,,,,,oI\ft (3) ~ (4) ~

21. Which two notes are Ilot used in the Aroh of Rag Bhimpalasi ? (1) GM (2) R D (3) M R (4) N p

Wl '4lqq~lI~ ~ ~ it f

22. Which Grantha is suposed to be a ancient Grantha of music? (1) Sangeet Parijat (2) Sangeet Ratnakar (3) Natya Shastra (4) Sangeet Makrand

~ lI"l

(3) ~~

23. Who is Ilot a 'Sitar player' ? (I) Shahid Parvez (2) Budhadity Mukherjee (3) Sujat Khan (4) Amzad Alikhan

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..m ~ ftRf1Pfl~ ~ t ? (1) ~"lWr (2) ~'1lf<:«I ~ (3) ~~ (4) ~ 31<'ft .m

24. Which of the f9llowng is a Rag and That both ? (1) Bihag (2) Todi (3) Kedar (4) Gaud sarnga

f~"'F.1fl!ld iI i\ ~ ~ Wllf vne ~ f ? (1) fowl (2) ~ (3) ~ (4) ~mtq

2S. How many Talis are in Tal Deepchandi ? i\'lqij«j "dr.l iI fl1;wi\

26. Sultal is played with : (1) Khayal (2) Dhrupad (3) Thumari (4) Tappa

'lctdR'1 ""

27. Which of the following Rag is originated from 'Asawari That' ? (1) Malkosh (2) Jaunpuri (3) Bihag (4) Marwa

r~"'fctfllld iI i\ ~ ~ Wl 3n~lqtl vne "Pt t ? (1) ql<.'1q,l~1 (2) ~ (3) fowl (4) 1!R

  • 9 P.T.O. UP/261/1

    28. Which group of instrument Flute belongs to : (1) Tat (2) Awanadha (3) Ghan (4) Sushir

    ~~wfq;r

    29. Which Rag is similar to Darbari Kanhara ? (1) Adana (2) Bahar (3) Miyan Malhar (4) Jaijaiwanti

    ~ 'iI ~ ~ W1

    (1) ~ (2) ~ (3) f'l'liq".u< (4) ~~'l'

    30. Which two notes are vadi-samvadi of Rag 'Marwa' ? ( 1) R-D (2) G-R (3) M-N (4) G-D

    ~ 'iI ~ "{Cl( W11llOO ~ ~-~ f ? (1) ~->1 (2) 1I-'t (3) 'I-ofi (4) 11->1

    31. Which note is vakra in Rag Bageshri ? ( 1) G (2) P (3) M (4) D

    ~ ~ "{Cl( W1111i1~ if <$ t ? (1) 11 (2) 'I (3) II (4) " 32. The playing time of Rag Puriya Dhanashri is : (1) Morning (2) Noon (3) Evening (4) Night.

    10 UP/261/l

    UTI ~ '1"'ll~ "" C!IG'I mI: ~ (2) '1ll1l'1l ~ (3) W'i.~ (4)uf,J ~

    33. Pt. Nikhil Banerjee was related to : (1) Sarod (2) Sitar (3) Violin (4) Flute

    f-lf<5l<.1 ~ "" flkl"l flT : (1) mt<: (2) ft:rnR (4) ~

    34. Which two notes are vadi-samvadi of Rag \

    qft;; fI ~ "'" UTI ~ i\;

    35. Which Rag is appropriate for Thumari ? (1 ) Hindol (2) Bihag (3) Bhupali (4) Peelu qft;; W UTT wro '1I'R i\; aq'Ji!' t ? (1) miti.1 (2) fimiT (3) 'l'ffi4't (4) ,j1<;1

    36. Famous santoor player is : (1) (2) Shiv Kumar Sharma (3) Hari Prasad Chaurasiya (4) Romu Mazumdar

    >lftr.ni~ ~ t : (1) ~ irwf ~ (2) W! ~ 'Il'lf (3) m1lmG

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    37. How many notes are Komal in Rag Malkosh ? WT ql<'l'lll~1 if fin

    38. What is the That of Rag 'Shyam Kalyan' ? (1) Bhairav (2) Todi (3) Kalyan (4) Khamaj

    WT ~~lqifi<"lIOI ~ me q;T WT t ?

    (1) ~ (2) ~ (3) i.f.<"lI"1 (4) ~

    39. Seniya Gharana of Sitar, is related with: (1) Gopill Nayak (2) Baiju Bawra (3) Tansen (4) Mansingh Tomar

    Wtm: q;T ~ iRT'IT e... f"'la t : (1) ~~ (2) ~ 'Il

    40. Teervra is a Till of: (1) Tabla (2) Dholak (3) Pakhawaj (4) Naill

    (2) ~ (4) 'lR1

    41. Tappa Gayaki was started by : (1) Sadaranga (2) Maseet Khan (3) Shoree Miyan (4) Mohammad Khan Rangeele

    12 lIP/261/1

    eurr ~ q;J ~ ~an 211 : (1) >il<:;I{11 (2) lRfu! ~ (3) mum (4) 1il8 '"'l<:; ~ "{IfR'\

    42. How many Banis of Dhrupad ? ~ qft f

    43. How many Jatis of Karnatak Tal system? «;'1R",

    44. How many 'Sapan' of chatuh sarana ? "l?!: "flRllT ~ flI;cR ''"'"'" f ? (1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 4 (4) 3

    45. What is the name of slow Gat played on Sitar? (1) Razakhani (2) Firozkhani (3) Amirkhani (4) Maseetkhani

    fuoR 1f{ ~ qwft r'l\'ir'lCl 1ffi qft 'I'lT ~ t ? (1) {"IllSIl4l (2) ""Uii1@14l (3) w:flngl4l (4) .m\(I&I:fl

    46. Which Rag is 'Parmel Praveshak' ? (1) Jaijaiwanti (2) Patdeep (3) Hameer (4) Kedar

    13 P.T.O. UP/261/l

    47. How many 'shruti interval' between 'shadaj madhyam bhav' ? ~-~' "'" i( fiI;

    48. How many number of the Kakus ? ~ '1ft ~ WstiT flliiU ? (1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4 ) 7

    49. Which two notes are Varjit in Rag 'Durga' ? (1) R-P (2) G-N (3) M-D (4) P-R

    wr ~ , i(

    50. The Kalidas award is given by which state? (1) Gujrat (2) Rajasthan (3) (4) Uttar Pradesh

    ifiifj ~

    51. In which category Pakhawaj belongs to : (I) Tat (2) Awanadha (3) Ghan (4) Sushir

    q

    14 llP/261/1

    52. Pt. Raghunath seth is related to : (I) Violin (2) Sitar (3) Flute (4) Tab!a

    1j. "fIT\![ ita ~""F'""lO i : (1) 'Mf

    53. What is the name of second string of sitar ? (I) Pancham Ka Tar (21 Chikari KaTar

    (3) Jodi Ka Tar (4) Khar~ Ka Tar

    fuIU q;J lIR

    (3) ~

    54. Which Rag is a noon Rag? (1) Des (2) Yaman (3) Brindabani Saranga (4) Kafi

    m~mWT~

    55. 'Kutap' Word is used for: (1) Garnak (2) Orchestra (3) Alapti (4) Swar prastar

    '~~

    (1 ) ~ (2) 3lR~fl:l (3) 3lr.lfi

    15 P.T.O. UP/261/1

    56. Which Note is a "Vadi' swar of Rag Bihsg ? (1 ) R (2) M (3) G (4) D

    '"'" i

    57. How many specialities of 'Nad' ? "'I1G '1ft f

    58. Who was the inventor of Rag 'Miyan Malhar' ? (1) Baiju Bawra (2) Amir Khusaro (3) Tansen (4) Swami Haridas

    W1 'm~' "" 3llf<1"W ~ mT ? (1) ~ 'II

    59. Which city is famous for 'Kajri' Gayan ? (1) Ghazipur (2) Mirzapur (3) Gorakhpur (4) Jaunpur

    '"'"

    60. What is Dayavati ? (1) Gram (2) Murchhana (3) Shruit (4) Swar

    16 UP/261/1

    ~'lI

    61. In which evening Rag PanchalT\ is !lot applicable? (1) Purbi (2) Bhimpalasi (3) Puriya (4) Puriya dhanashri

    (1) ~ (2) .qjqqi.1l.n (3) '!ftI.ll (4) '!ftI.ll 'RI~

    62. Which Rag is uttaranga Pradhan ? (1) Patdeep (2) Todi (3) Shayam Kalyan (4) Tilanga

    ..m

    63. Which category shehnai belongs to : (1) Tat (2) Awanadha (3) Ghan (4) Sushi,.

    ~ f";~:p:,,i <61

    64. Alapti Gan is a style of : (1) Rag (2) Anibadha Gan (3) Jati (4) Nibadha Gan

    17 P.T.O. llP126111

    31R'!fi:

    65. Who propounded seventy two (72) Melkarts system? (1) Ramammatya (2) Shri Nivas (3) Venkatmukhi (4) Shubhankar

    ~ (72) q<:,\llT ? (1) {14141('q (2) mf.!qrn . , (3) ~"T"T (4) ~.m

    66. In which city 'Tansen samaroh' take place? (1) Lucknow (2) Bhopal (3) (4) Jobalpur

    67. Tick mark the correct Rag for the following notation? I .. I, . MDRSNDPMGMGRS (1) Puriya Dhanashri (2) Basant (3) Multani (4) Bhairav

    f.Il"I ¥HIClf<'l ~ fuiI ~ WT 'R ~ wWt ?

    , ~.. ..,. , , ~ II '1-- , '4T "' '1- 'I, lllJ, lllJ- , '4T ( 1) 'tft'it 'RIm (2) 'f4'

    18 HP/261/1

    68. Which Tal is similar to Tal Teevra ? (1) Ektal (2) Rupak (3) Jhaptal (4) Choutal

    "WI' 'fiR

    (1) «dl<'1 (2) ~ (3) !;IQdl<'1 (4)

    69. What is the Jati 0 Rag Hindol ? (1) Odav (2) Shadav (3) Shampurna (4) Shadav Sampurna

    \J1T f~:;;I<'1 q,'\ ':;jlflI ~ t ?

    ( 1) ~ (2) ~ (3) Wi"f (4) ~Wi"f

    70. Which Rag has all Komal notes ? (I) Jaunpuri (2) Lalit (3) Bhairavi (4) Todi

    ~ \J1T -q"ri«R ~ f ? (I) ~ (2) ~ (3) ~ (4 ) it{;!

    71. Which is the Adda Laya ? ~"<'1"'1 'fiR

    72. Tick mark the correct Rag for the following notes? J:I S, G R M G, PR S (1) Gaud Saranga (2) Khamaj (3) Durga (4) Bihag

    19 P.T.O. UP/261/t

    f.t"'I m il; ft;{it ~ "lJIT 'R m wnit ?

    :1\ m, 1] ~ 'il'I 'I -, ~ ml (1) ~mM (2) ~ (3) ~ (4) fomq

    73. What is the sign of Tar saptak in Bhatkhande Swarlipi system? (1) G (2) G (3) G (4) G

    'lI

    74. Which is the first Murchhana of Shadaj Gram? (1) Matsarikrata (2) Rajni (3) Uttarmandra (4) Ashwakranta

    ~ m,(H~S::I (4) iIl'ifi!iRIT

    75. Which two note are vadi samvadi of Rag maru Bihag ? (1) P-S (2) G-D (3) P-N (4) M-G

    Wl ~ fomq "il q,'t-dl

    76. What is the That of Rag Tilang ? (1) Bilwal (2) Khamaj (3) Kafi (4) Kalyan

    Wl fuWr '!i1 I!!l

    20 UP/261/1

    77. What is the playing time of Rag Patdeep ? (1) Morning (2) Evening (3) Noon (4) Night

    1<"1

    (3) lj~ q;y-;;r (4) {lr~'l>I<"1

    78. Who has introduced present North Indian Notation system? (1) V. Rao Patvardhan (2) Omkar Nath Thakur (3) V.N. Bhathkhande (4) N. Rao Vyas

    ~ 'lffiiP:I Wft ID\! 'lIR1"l ~ ? (I) r'Hlll'l> "" 'R:C!tR (2) al\'l>H'1I'l~' (3) ~ '1Rlll"1 'l1d

    79. Who was the first inventor of 'Sarana Chatustai' ? (1) Matang Muni (2) Sharanga Oeo (3) Bharat Muni (4) Abhinav Gupta

    m\U1T ~W!

    80. Which two notes are varjit in Rag 'Bhinna Sadaj' ? (1) G-O (2) R-P (3) N-O (4) P-G

    f ~ i! 'lit-1ft G't '(:q{ qf;fo i' ? (1) 'HI (2) ~-'I (3) ;ft-I< (4) '1-'1

    21 P.T.O. llP/26l/l

    81. Total how many shruties are there ? ¥I fiml;ft ~ t ? (1 ) 24 (2) 22 (3) 21 (4) 20

    82. How may parts of'Sangeetanjali' ? (j·ildi<"f

    83. Who is a famous 'Mohan veena' player? (1) Ronu Mazumdar (2) Tarun Bhattachazya (3) Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (4) Shahid parvez -..m m mm. .~

    84. Two Madhyam are used in Rag - (1 ) Multani (2) Marv-a (3) Purbi (4) Pllriyadhanashri

    Rm

    85. How may Talas are in Kamatak music?

    22 llP/26111

    86. How many type of Gamakas are there? lJll'!i '%; flIi

    87. Which Grantha describes the Gun Dosh of vocalist and Instrumen­ talist? (1) Natya shastra (2) Sangeet Ratnakar (3) Brihadeshi (4) Sangeet Parijat

    (1 ) "'!TO! m'i! (2) m kW'" (3) 'l~~~il (4) m qllhn

    88. Which Veda is related with music? (1 ) Riga Veda (2) Samveda (3) Atharva veda (4) Yajurveda

    90. What is the name of fast Gat played on sitar? (1) Razakhani (2) Amirkhani (3) Firozkhani (4) Maseetkhani

    23 P.T.O. UP/261/1

    (1) <'lUltfi(

    91. Sitar is similar to : (1) Tanpura (2) Surbahar (3) Guitar (4) Sarangi

    (1) dl~'t(1 (3) flraT< (4) m(lft

    92. At least how many notes are essential for a Rag? "U'1 ~ fW'\ {1'H~'f> i ? (1) 6 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 3

    93. Ustad vilayat Khan was a famous players of· (1) Sarod (2) Sitar (3) Flute (4) Violin

    ~ fc«.1I~d "lID \!lIf'ii'li ~ i\ - (1)

    94. How many lakshan of Jatis ? onfiI ~ 1%

    95. Who was the famous violin player? (I) V.G. Jog (2) Lalmani Misra (3) Gopal Krishna (4) Balram Pathak

    24 UP/261/l

    -..riI "il..m \j}IRl" ql~f.l1 ~ tIT ? (1) eft.;;it.;;jpJ (2) <"Il

    96. Jhaptal is similar to : (1) Roopak (2) E:ktal (3) Sultal (4) Dhamar

    $lQdl<"l

    97. Which Rag is played in any time during rainy season? (1) Puriya (2) Gaud Malhar (3) Bihag (4) gaud Saranga

    ..m m wr "'" "lItl! i\' ~ oil """ lI\lI11IT

    98. Which category of instrument Jaltarang belongs to ? (I) Tat (2) Awanadha (3) Ghan (4) Sushir

    "I<"Id('1 ~ q1j "" imI f ? (1) "'l (2) 31'11" (3) lA (4) WR

    99. What is the name of the piece after playing three times and come on sarn? (1) Toda (2) Tukda (3) Tihai (4) Tan

    25 P.T.O. UP/261f1

    g ~ qiJ

    100. What is the playing time of Rag Darbari kanhra ? (1) Moming (2) Noon (3) Evening (4) Night

    ,1'1 G{iil1 t\

    26 ~O 3l'RIfii"'''.q; ~ R~I (pr 9fi1R;, ;j; JII/Ifr _ ~ '" _ 3'!n'- fIiI ~ .r.;r '['RG ~ 3FG': m~"# f11'<1 "" <'11 2, m 'ljq.! if n.t"""" ~ lIiw-fIiI ~ 3Ifilfiifif, fu1m 'IT Bro q;,i <.i- '~~,' ~ 1:!J1'I il '£ ml 3. dffT-fIiI 3/l'/fT li ftrTr.,." I1 r# 'nil rftJ'3ftH tt fiq;If 'Iit'1 ~ anr- "" 'Iii ftur '1ITit'TT1 ;i;lm dffT-1/lI' ~ tI 'If'Ii.. " r;,;." '1ITit'TT1 4. 3I'Al "'1"''';''' "'" 3ljjlfi4;¥ atfr3{}" ~o \lfTfo rr:r ~lfftJJfqmf.ifq·3qnM61Of ~~ :riftl 7. ~ NJtlfall1fflJr.4dfl' if iI>Tf fit qfI;",,", "'II! f.r(tll!'" r.m 1I~1(ij1rl it:rr ~ 3T' m ~ ii{Tf ij.,fii/I", anr ~ 71# ti Jlfitq; lIl"f ii; I'IT '<'fi 'J:\'! 1II t I '* 3(Ir1 fisifi JiF If m il3f:il'rn m'l'i\ q;r m 1Ii\iff~, lit 'It: Fq~qf1~1(1~ rn R'1jft-o ~ q;ri'!il, 'lTlft m-rnM>il1