DOCSLIB.ORG

Capacity Building to Improve Adaptability to Sea Level Rise in Two

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Capacity Building to Improve Adaptability to Sea Level Rise in Two Capacity building to improve adaptability to sea level rise in two vulnerable points of the Colombian coastal areas (Tumaco-Pacific coast and Cartagena-Caribbean coast) with special emphasis on human populations under poverty conditions. DRAFT THECHNICAL REPORT- Cartagena Tumaco Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis Vinculado al Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial December 2005 Capacity building to improve adaptability to sea level rise in two vulnerable points of the Colombian coastal areas (Tumaco-Pacific coast and Cartagena – Caribbean coast ) with special emphasis on human populations under poverty conditions. Scenario development - ADM Santa Marta DTHC - 2005 PROYECT MANAGEMENT AND PROYECT COUNTERPART INVEMAR STAFF DIRECTION FRANCISCO A. ARIAS ISAZA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, General Director FRANCISCO A. ARIAS ISAZA HOUSING AND TERRITORIAL DEA Coastal and Sea DEVELOPMENT JESUS ANTONIO GARAY TINOCO Martha Patricia Castillo Coordination Research Deputy PAULA CRISTINA SIERRA CORREA M.Sc. Coastal Zone Management CONTRACTOR CARLOS AUGUSTO PINILLA GONZALEZ Resources and Support Research Deputy DAVID A. ALONSO CARVAJAL NCAP- ETC International M.Sc. Cand. Coastal Resources Ian Tellam JAIME GARZON FERREIRA Management Roselyne van der Heul Biodiversity and Marine Ecosystem Programe Coordinator MARELVIS LONDONO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE M.Sc. Environmental Economy ROBERTO FEDERICO NEWMARK U. STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT Marine Resources Assessment and Usage PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT RESEARCHER INSTITUTE Programe Coordinator Tom Downing MARTHA PATRICIA VIDES CASADO BIENVENIDO MARIN ZAMBRANA M.Sc. Geo-information Science and Earth Marine Environmental Quality Programme Observation Coordinator ASSISTANT RESEARCHERS PAULA CRISTINA SIERRA CORREA Marine and Coastal Management Research IRMA CRISTANCHO Programe Coordinator M.Sc. Economy GEORGINA GUZMAN OSPITIA ROCIO RODRIGUEZ Marine and Coastal Geology Programe Biologist - Psychologist. ETC Project number: 032135 Coordinator Date of Report: September 9th , 2005 Esp. Natural Resources Reporting Period: Dec/04 - Sep /05 JUAN JOSE BALLESTEROS Civil Engineer The Netherlands Climate Assistance Programme II – COLOMBIA Capacity building to improve adaptability to sea level rise in two vulnerable points of the Colombian coastal areas (Tumaco-Pacific coast and Cartagena de Indias - Caribbean coast) with special emphasis on human populations under poverty conditions. ESSENTIAL DATA Responsible: Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development Contact Name: Martha Patricia Castillo Position: Coordinator, Colombian Climate Change Mitigation Group, Office of Vice – Ministry of Environment Address: Calle 37 No. 8-40 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: (+57) 1 2886877 or 3323400 Fax: (+57) 1 2889816 or 2889892 City/Country: Bogotá / COLOMBIA Responsible: Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development Contact Name: Martha Patricia Castillo Position: Coordinator, Colombian Climate Change Mitigation Group, Office of Vice – Minister of Environment Address: Calle 37 No. 8-40 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone and Fax: (+57) +1 2886877 or 3323400 Fax: (+57) +1 2889816 or 2889892 City/Country: Bogotá / COLOMBIA Executor: Marine and Coastal Research Institute –INVEMAR- Contact Name: Francisco A. Arias-Isaza Position: General Director Address: A.A. 1016 E-mail: [email protected] (copy to: [email protected]) Telefax: +57 +5 4312975 City/Country: Santa Marta / COLOMBIA Contractor: NCAP- ETC International Contact Name: Ian Tellam or Roselyne van der Heul Address: P.O. Box 64, 3830 AB, Leusden Phone: +31 (0) 33 432 6000 Fax: +31 (0) 33 494 0791 E-mail: [email protected] City/Country: Leusden/ The Netherlands Technical Assistance: Stockholm Environment Institute Contact Name: Tom Downing Address: S-103 14 Stockholm, E-mail: [email protected] Country: Sweden Table of contents PROJECT SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................8 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................................11 2 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT............................................................................................................11 3 ADAPTATION DECISION MATRIX (ADM)...........................................................................................12 4 POLICY EXERCISE APPROACH ............................................................................................................12 SD - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................13 5 CARTAGENA DE INDIAS ......................................................................................................................13 5.1 Ocean dynamics.........................................................................................................................15 5.1.1 Sea-level........................................................................................................................................... 15 5.2 Coastal variations......................................................................................................................15 5.3 Marine and coastal ecosystems .................................................................................................16 5.3.1 Sandy beaches.................................................................................................................................. 17 5.3.2 Coral reefs........................................................................................................................................ 17 5.3.3 Sea grasses ....................................................................................................................................... 18 5.3.4 Estuaries, deltas and coastal lagoons................................................................................................ 18 5.3.5 Mangroves........................................................................................................................................ 19 5.3.6 Vegetation coverage......................................................................................................................... 20 1.1 . Social economic issues ............................................................................................................20 1.1.1 Social aspects ................................................................................................................................... 20 1.1.2 Economic aspects............................................................................................................................. 23 1.1.3 Land use and productive systems..................................................................................................... 27 6 SAN ANDRES DE TUMACO ..................................................................................................................28 6.1 Climate ......................................................................................................................................28 6.2 Ocean Dynamics........................................................................................................................28 6.2.1 Currents............................................................................................................................................ 28 6.2.2 Tides................................................................................................................................................. 28 6.2.3 Surface Water Temperature.............................................................................................................. 28 6.2.4 Superficial Salinity........................................................................................................................... 28 6.3 Geology......................................................................................................................................29 6.4 Water Resources................................................................................................................ ........29 6.5 Ecosystems.................................................................................................................................30 6.5.1 Tropical rainforest............................................................................................................................ 30 6.5.2 Very Humid Tropical Rainforest...................................................................................................... 30 6.5.3 Beaches ............................................................................................................................................ 31 6.5.4 Cliffs ................................................................................................................................................ 31 6.5.5 Estuaries, Deltas and Coastal Lagoons............................................................................................ 31 6.5.6 Mangroves........................................................................................................................................ 31 Caracterización socioeconómica...........................................................................................................32
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spectral Characterization of Mangrove Leaves in the Brazilian Amazonian Coast: Turiaçu Bay, Maranhão State
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2007) 79(4): 683-692 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) ISSN 0001-3765 www.scielo.br/aabc Spectral characterization of mangrove leaves in the Brazilian Amazonian Coast: Turiaçu Bay, Maranhão State FLÁVIA REBELO-MOCHEL1 and FLÁVIO J. PONZONI2 1Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus Universitário, Bacanga 65080-240 São Luís, MA, Brasil 2Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil Manuscript received on February 2, 2006; accepted for publication on December 12, 2006; presented by ALCIDES N. SIAL ABSTRACT Mangrove communities are tropical systems which have fewer species than tropical forests, especially in Latin Amer- ica and display a single architecture, usually lacking the various strata commonly found in other forest ecosystems. The identification of mangrove communities by orbital data is not a difficult task but the most interesting challenge is to identify themselves by the dominant species. The first step toward that floristic identification is the spectral character- ization of detached leaves. Leaves from four species of mangrove trees were spectrally characterized considering the Directional Hemispherical Reflectance Factor (DHRF) determined through radiometric measurements using an inte- grating sphere LICOR 1800 attached to a spectroradiometer SPECTRON SE-590. In the visible bands (0.45-0.69 µm) the button-shaped mangrove Conocarpus erectus was brighter and the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle was darker than the other two species which shows very close DHRF values. Otherwise the black mangrove Avicennia germinans and the white mangrove Laguncularia racemosa can be distinguished from one another in the Near Infra Red (NIR) region (0.76-0.90 µm and in this region of the spectrum the DHRF of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Composition and Diversity of Mangrove Swamp Forest in Southern Nigeria
    International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology Research Article Open Access Species composition and diversity of mangrove swamp forest in southern Nigeria Abstract Volume 3 Issue 2 - 2018 The study was conducted to assess the species composition and diversity of Anantigha Sijeh Agbor Asuk, Eric Etim Offiong , Nzube Mangrove Swamp Forest in southern Nigeria. Systematic line transect technique was adopted for the study. From the total mangrove area of 47.5312 ha, four rectangular plots Michael Ifebueme, Emediong Okokon Akpaso of 10 by 1000m representing sampling intensity of 8.42 percent were demarcated. Total University of Calabar, Nigeria identification and inventory was conducted and data on plant species name, family and number of stands were collected and used to compute the species importance value and Correspondence: Sijeh Agbor Asuk, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, PMB family importance values. Simpson’s diversity index and richness as well as Shannon- 1115, Calabar, Nigeria, Email [email protected] Weiner index and evenness were used to assess the species diversity and richness of the forest. Results revealed that the forest was characterized by few families represented by few Received: October 23, 2017 | Published: April 13, 2018 species dominated by Rhizophora racemosa, Nypa fructicans, Avicennia germinans and Acrostichum aureum which were also most important in the study and a few other species. Furthermore, presence of Nypa palm (Nypa fructicans) as the second most abundant species in the study area was indicative of the adverse effect of human activities on the ecosystem. The Simpson’s diversity index and richness of 0.83 and 5.896, and Shannon- Weiner diversity and evenness of 2.054 and 0.801 respectively were low, compared to mangrove forests in similar locations thus, making these species prone to extinction and further colonization of Nypa fructicans in the forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Assessment of the Flamingo Mangroves, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
    Ecological Assessment of the Flamingo Mangroves, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Derek A. Fedak & Marie Windstein Advisors: Curtis J. Richardson & Charlotte R. Clark Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Spring 2011 Abstract Mangroves are tropical and subtropical ecosystems found in intertidal zones that provide vital ecosystem services including sustenance of commercially important fishery species, improvement of coastal water quality through nutrient cycling and sediment interception, and protection of coastal communities from storm surge and erosion. However, land use conversion and water pollution are threatening these ecosystems and their associated services worldwide. This master’s project conducted an ecological assessment on a mangrove forest adjoining the property of the Flamingo Beach Resort and Spa in Playa Flamingo, located in the Guanacaste province of Costa Rica. The project analyzed vegetation health, water and soil quality, bird species richness, and identified threats to the forest. It also assessed several options for the resort’s development of ecotourism, such as community involvement, the construction of an educational boardwalk, and the creation of a vegetation buffer adjoining the mangroves. The results indicate that the Flamingo Mangroves are generally in a healthy state. Vegetation structure like canopy height, biomass, vegetation importance values, and species distribution compares well with previous ecological studies on mature tidal mangroves. The ecosystem supports 42 resident bird species and likely up to 30 migratory species. However, water quality is a major concern, which reported elevated levels of nitrogen and phosphorus through runoff and discharged wastewater in the northern section of the forest. Additionally, the western edge of the forest adjoining the beach road is frequently disturbed by automotive traffic and runoff, displaying reduced or stunted vegetation and sandy soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping of Africa's Mangrove Forest Extent, Height and Biomass With
    1 Height and biomass of mangroves in Africa from ICEsat/GLAS and 2 SRTM 3 4 TEMILOLA E. FATOYINBO*†, MARC SIMARD‡, 5 6 †NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 618, 7 Greenbelt, MD 20771,USA 8 9 ‡ NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 300-235E, Pasadena, 10 CA, USA 11 12 Abstract 13 14 The accurate quantification of forest 3-D structure is of great importance for studies of the 15 global carbon cycle and biodiversity. These studies are especially relevant in Africa, where 16 deforestation rates are high and the lack of background data is great. Mangrove forests are 17 ecologically significant and it is important to measure mangrove canopy heights and biomass. 18 The objectives of this study are to estimate: 1. The total area, 2. Canopy height distributions and 19 3. Aboveground biomass of mangrove forests in Africa. To derive mangrove 3-D structure and 20 biomass maps, we used a combination of mangrove maps derived from Landsat ETM+, LiDAR 21 canopy height estimates from ICEsat/GLAS (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite/Geoscience 22 Laser Altimeter System) and elevation data from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) for 23 the African continent. More specifically, we extracted mangrove forest areas on the SRTM DEM 24 using Landsat based landcover maps. The LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) measurements 25 from the large footprint GLAS sensor were used to derive local estimates of canopy height and 26 calibrate the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from SRTM. We then 27 applied allometric equations relating canopy height to biomass in order to estimate above ground 28 biomass (AGB) from the canopy height product.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4. Africa
    15 Chapter 4 Africa VEGETATION AND SPECIES COMPOSITION Mangroves are found in almost all countries along the west and east coasts of Africa, spreading from Mauritania to Angola on the west coast, and from Egypt to South Africa on the east coast, including Madagascar and several other islands. They are absent from Namibia, probably due to the semi-arid, desert-like climate, with low and irregular rainfall, a lack of warming currents and of favourable topographical features. Forest structure and species composition differ significantly from one coast to the other, as is described in the following paragraphs. On the east coast they generally form narrow fringe communities along the shores or small patches in estuaries, along seasonal creeks or in lagoons. The trees do not usually grow to more than 10 m in height, with a minimum height of 0.7–2 m in the Sudan and 1–2 m in South Africa. Madagascar (especially the northwest region), Mozambique and the United Republic of Tanzania represent the few exceptions: the extensive deltas and estuaries found in these countries allow the development of well- extended communities, with tree heights reaching 25–30 m. The Messalo and Zambezi river deltas (Mozambique) are home to some of the most extensive mangrove forests in the region. On the west coast well-developed mangroves are often found in large river deltas, in lagoons, along sheltered coastlines and on tidal flats. These forests may extend several kilometres inland, as happens in the Gambia and Guinea-Bissau, where major forests are found even 100–160 km upstream (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultivo Ex Situ De Propágulos De Rhizophora Mangle L. Em Diferentes Concentrações Salinas
    Cultivo ex situ de Propágulos de Rhizophora mangle L. em diferentes concentrações salinas Kamyla da Silva Pereira Amorim Dissertação de Mestrado em Biodiversidade Tropical Mestrado em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo São Mateus, Abril de 2015 Cultivo ex situ de Propágulos de Rhizophora mangle L. em diferentes concentrações salinas Kamyla da Silva Pereira Amorim Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biodiversidade Tropical. Aprovada em: ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dra. Mônica Maria Pereira Tognella - Orientadora, UFES ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dra. Andréia Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo - Co-orientadora, UFES ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Adriano Alves Fernandes - Co-orientador, UFES ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Mário Luiz Gomes Soares, UERJ ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Antelmo Ralph Falqueto, UFES Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo São Mateus, Abril de 2015 Nunca Pare de Sonhar “Nunca se entregue Nasça sempre com as manhãs Deixe a luz do sol brilhar no céu do seu olhar Fé na vida, fé no homem, fé no que virá Nós podemos tudo, nós podemos mais Vamos lá fazer o que será”. Gonzaguinha Agradecimentos Agradeço a Deus e a espiritualidade por tudo o que vivi até aqui, por todos os obstáculos e conquistas, e pelo conforto de saber que nunca estive só. À minha orientadora Prof. Dra. Mônica Maria Pereira Tognella, por enfrentar comigo o desconhecido e me apoiar sempre que necessário, meu muito obrigada de coração. Aos meus coorientadores Prof. Andréia Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo e Prof. Dr. Adriano Alves Fernandes por todo o apoio concedido.
    [Show full text]
  • "True Mangroves" Plant Species Traits
    Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e22089 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.5.e22089 Data Paper Dataset of "true mangroves" plant species traits Aline Ferreira Quadros‡‡, Martin Zimmer ‡ Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany Corresponding author: Aline Ferreira Quadros ([email protected]) Academic editor: Luis Cayuela Received: 06 Nov 2017 | Accepted: 29 Nov 2017 | Published: 29 Dec 2017 Citation: Quadros A, Zimmer M (2017) Dataset of "true mangroves" plant species traits. Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e22089. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e22089 Abstract Background Plant traits have been used extensively in ecology. They can be used as proxies for resource-acquisition strategies and facilitate the understanding of community structure and ecosystem functioning. However, many reviews and comparative analysis of plant traits do not include mangroves plants, possibly due to the lack of quantitative information available in a centralised form. New information Here a dataset is presented with 2364 records of traits of "true mangroves" species, gathered from 88 references (published articles, books, theses and dissertations). The dataset contains information on 107 quantitative traits and 18 qualitative traits for 55 species of "true mangroves" (sensu Tomlinson 2016). Most traits refer to components of living trees (mainly leaves), but litter traits were also included. Keywords Mangroves, Rhizophoraceae, leaf traits, plant traits, halophytes © Quadros A, Zimmer M. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Quadros A, Zimmer M Introduction The vegetation of mangrove forests is loosely classified as "true mangroves" or "mangrove associates".
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Lasiodiplodia Theobromae (PAT) on Rhizophora Racemosa
    AMERICAN JOURNAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR SCIENCES ISSN Print: 2159-3698, ISSN Online: 2159-3701, doi:10.5251/ajbms.2013.3.1.1.7 © 2013, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/AJBMS Control of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (PAT) on Rhizophora racemosa using plants extracts *Ukoima, H.N ; Ikata,M and Pepple,G.A *Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture , Rivers State University of Science and Technology,p.m.b.5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria E-mail :[email protected] ABSTRACT Laboratory experiments were conducted to ascertain fungal isolates of Rhizophora racemosa .Studies on controlling L. theobromae using plant extracts was also carried out. Fungal pathogens were isolated by cutting the infected portions of the leaves and aseptically placing in glass Petri- dish for 7 days. Pathogenicity test was done in-situ with spore suspension inoculated on Rhizophora racemosa seedling leaves and observed for 15 days in the green house. Different concentrations ranging from (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of extract derived from the bark of Rhizophora racemosa, leaves of Aloe vera and Jatropha curcas were tested on the isolated fungi. The results showed that Lasidiplodia theobromae, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces lilacinus were isolated from the leaves of Rhizophora racemosa. Pathogenicity test revealed that Lasidiplodia theobromae was pathogenic on Rhizophora racemosa. Aloe vera and the bark of Rhizophora racemosa were inhibitory at 100% on Lasidiplodia theobromae (0.1645g and 0.2946g mycelial dry weight respectively). Jatropha curcas had les inhibitory effect at 80% concentration on the tested fungus (0.9118g mycelial dry weight). Biochemical test showed that Quinone, terpenoid and saponin from Aloe vera, bark of Rhizophora racemosa and Jatropha curcas respectively were suspected to account for the inhibition of the tested fungus (Lasidiplodia theobromae).
    [Show full text]
  • Recinto Universitario “Rubén Darío” Facultad De Ciencias E Ingeniería Departamento De Biología
    Recinto Universitario “Rubén Darío” Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería Departamento de Biología Seminario de Graduación para optar al Título de Licenciados en Biología. EVALUACIÓN DE LAS CONDICIONES AMBIENTALES DEL ECOSISTEMA DE MANGLAR EN OSTIONAL, SAN JUAN DEL SUR, RIVAS-NICARAGUA. Autores: Br. Helder Onil Córdoba Silva Br. Norma del Carmen Martínez Gómez Tutor: MSc. Marlon Vicente Vega Boza Managua, Nicaragua, Enero, 2020. ÍNDICE I. INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................................... 3 II. ANTECEDENTES .................................................................................................................... 4 III. JUSTIFICACION .................................................................................................................. 5 IV. OBJETIVOS .......................................................................................................................... 6 4.1. General: ............................................................................................................................. 6 4.2. Específicos: ..................................................................................................................... 6 V. MARCO TEORICO .................................................................................................................. 7 5.1. Caracterización de los manglares del Pacifico de Nicaragua ............................ 7 5.2. Distribución y caracterización de especies de mangle. .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Árboles Y Arbustos De Los Manglares Del Ecuador
    www.flacsoandes.edu.ec PROGR AMA Ministerio ONU-REDD PNUMA El programa de colaboración de las Naciones Unidas del Ambiente para la reducción de emisiones de la deforestación y la Al servicio degradación de bosques en los países en desarrollo (REDD+) de las personas y las naciones ÁRBOLES Y ARBUSTOS DE LOS MANGLARES DEL ECUADOR Lorena Tapia Núñez Cita recomendada: Ministra de Ambiente del Ecuador – MAE MAE (Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador); FAO (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Pedro Pablo Peña Alimentación y la Agricultura, IT). 2014. Árboles y Representante FAO Ecuador Arbustos de los Manglares del Ecuador. Quito. 48p. Francisco Prieto Impreso en Quito, Ecuador. 2014 Subsecretario de Patrimonio Natural Todos los derechos reservados. Se autoriza la reproducción y difusión del material contenido en esta Andrés Hubenthal publicación sin fines de lucro, con previa autorización del Subsecretario de Cambio Climático Ministerio de Ambiente del Ecuador y/o la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Luis Fernando Díaz Agricultura (FAO). Director Nacional Forestal Ángel Valverde Director de Mitigación de Cambio Climático AUTOR Xavier Cornejo [email protected] Curador asociado al Herbario GUAY Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil UNIDAD TÉCNICA MAE / FAO UN-REDD Carlos Morales Daniel Segura María Belén Herrera Kelvin Cueva Maricela Encalada Cristhian Aguirre María Dolores Toledo Janeth Santiana Luis Muñoz Jorge Armijos D R E N O L D Ó G A I Í C U A G Subsecretaría de Patrimonio Natural • DIRECCIÓN NACIONAL FORESTAL PRESENTACIÓN Los bosques de manglar son asociaciones anfibias de plantas leñosas arbóreas o arbustivas, con una alta tolerancia a la salinidad.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity Shifts in the Mangrove Vegetation of the Rio Del Rey- Estuary (Cameroon)
    International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2017, PP 6-14 ISSN 2349-0357 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0365 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0504002 www.arcjournals.org Diversity Shifts in the Mangrove Vegetation of the Rio del Rey- Estuary (Cameroon) Guillaume Léopold Essomè-Koum1, Vanessa Maxémilie Ngo-Massou1,2, Ernest Flavien Kottè-Mapoko 1, Paul Bilong3, Ndongo Din1* 1*Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, the University of Douala, Cameroon 2Department of Biological Sciences, High Teacher‟s Training College, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon 3Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon Abstract: Rio del Rey Estuary mangroves are the most widespread in Cameroon but remain poorly known. This study aims to determine changes in the floristic composition and structure. The survey was conducted in seven localities of the SW region. Transects were opened perpendicular to the main tidal channels. Sampling plots (25 m x 25 m) were established to evaluate the structure of the vegetation. All African Atlantic mangroves characteristics species are present. Rhizophora spp. predominate as in most African stands. Floristic diversity was low and varied according to localities. The Shannon diversity index H‟ ranged from 0.34 to 1.91 and the Margalef specific richness index varied from 1.08 to 4.45. The mean diameter was 20.38 ± 18.79 cm; and trees height ranged from 3.82 to 37 m. The absolute density was 934.19 ± 564.88 stem ha-1 and the basal area was 1.54 ± 0.99 m2 ha-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhizophora Mangle 02
    Rhizophora mangle L. Mangle colorado Rhizophoraceae Familia de los mangles Jorge A. Jiménez Rhizophora mangle L., conocido como mangle colorado, Fiji, Tonga y Nueva Caledonia en el Océano Pacífico (17). En es un árbol de amplia distribución en las costas americanas, las costas bañadas por el Océano Pacífico de la América del del Africa Occidental y de ciertas islas del Pacífico (fig. 1) Norte y del Sur se le encuentra desde Punta Malpelo, Perú (17). Su tamaño depende grandemente de las condiciones del (latitud 3° 40' S.), hasta Puerto Lobos, en México (latitud 30° sitio, variando entre 1 m y 50 m de altura (15). Su madera se 15' N.). En la costa Atlántica, el mangle colorado se encuentra usa como combustible y para postes y traviesas de ferrocarril desde el estado de Santa Catarina, en Brasil (latitud 27° 30' de gran durabilidad (71) y su corteza se utiliza para la S.), hasta la península de la Florida (latitud 29° N.) (76) (fig.2). extracción de tanino (18, 56, 71). El mangle colorado crece mejor en los suelos poco profundos y cenagosos bajo la influencia de las mareas con aguas saladas o salobres y en las áreas protegidas de las HABITAT corrientes oceánicas y de las olas, pero asociados con un desagüe abundante de agua fresca y una precipitación alta (18). Sin embargo, el mangle colorado crece también bajo una Area de Distribución Natural y de Naturalización gran variedad de condiciones, desde salientes de roca dura El mangle colorado es nativo a las costas tropicales y hasta depósitos cenagosos y desde áreas inundadas con agua subtropicales de América, Africa Occidental y de las islas de fresca la mayor parte del año hasta áreas con unas salinidades del suelo arriba de 60 partes por mil (10, 14, 35).
    [Show full text]