Capacity building to improve adaptability to sea level rise in two vulnerable points of the Colombian coastal areas (Tumaco-Pacific coast and Cartagena-Caribbean coast) with special emphasis on human populations under poverty conditions. DRAFT THECHNICAL REPORT- Cartagena Tumaco Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis Vinculado al Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial December 2005 Capacity building to improve adaptability to sea level rise in two vulnerable points of the Colombian coastal areas (Tumaco-Pacific coast and Cartagena – Caribbean coast ) with special emphasis on human populations under poverty conditions. Scenario development - ADM Santa Marta DTHC - 2005 PROYECT MANAGEMENT AND PROYECT COUNTERPART INVEMAR STAFF DIRECTION FRANCISCO A. ARIAS ISAZA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, General Director FRANCISCO A. ARIAS ISAZA HOUSING AND TERRITORIAL DEA Coastal and Sea DEVELOPMENT JESUS ANTONIO GARAY TINOCO Martha Patricia Castillo Coordination Research Deputy PAULA CRISTINA SIERRA CORREA M.Sc. Coastal Zone Management CONTRACTOR CARLOS AUGUSTO PINILLA GONZALEZ Resources and Support Research Deputy DAVID A. ALONSO CARVAJAL NCAP- ETC International M.Sc. Cand. Coastal Resources Ian Tellam JAIME GARZON FERREIRA Management Roselyne van der Heul Biodiversity and Marine Ecosystem Programe Coordinator MARELVIS LONDONO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE M.Sc. Environmental Economy ROBERTO FEDERICO NEWMARK U. STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT Marine Resources Assessment and Usage PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT RESEARCHER INSTITUTE Programe Coordinator Tom Downing MARTHA PATRICIA VIDES CASADO BIENVENIDO MARIN ZAMBRANA M.Sc. Geo-information Science and Earth Marine Environmental Quality Programme Observation Coordinator ASSISTANT RESEARCHERS PAULA CRISTINA SIERRA CORREA Marine and Coastal Management Research IRMA CRISTANCHO Programe Coordinator M.Sc. Economy GEORGINA GUZMAN OSPITIA ROCIO RODRIGUEZ Marine and Coastal Geology Programe Biologist - Psychologist. ETC Project number: 032135 Coordinator Date of Report: September 9th , 2005 Esp. Natural Resources Reporting Period: Dec/04 - Sep /05 JUAN JOSE BALLESTEROS Civil Engineer The Netherlands Climate Assistance Programme II – COLOMBIA Capacity building to improve adaptability to sea level rise in two vulnerable points of the Colombian coastal areas (Tumaco-Pacific coast and Cartagena de Indias - Caribbean coast) with special emphasis on human populations under poverty conditions. ESSENTIAL DATA Responsible: Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development Contact Name: Martha Patricia Castillo Position: Coordinator, Colombian Climate Change Mitigation Group, Office of Vice – Ministry of Environment Address: Calle 37 No. 8-40 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: (+57) 1 2886877 or 3323400 Fax: (+57) 1 2889816 or 2889892 City/Country: Bogotá / COLOMBIA Responsible: Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development Contact Name: Martha Patricia Castillo Position: Coordinator, Colombian Climate Change Mitigation Group, Office of Vice – Minister of Environment Address: Calle 37 No. 8-40 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone and Fax: (+57) +1 2886877 or 3323400 Fax: (+57) +1 2889816 or 2889892 City/Country: Bogotá / COLOMBIA Executor: Marine and Coastal Research Institute –INVEMAR- Contact Name: Francisco A. Arias-Isaza Position: General Director Address: A.A. 1016 E-mail: [email protected] (copy to: [email protected]) Telefax: +57 +5 4312975 City/Country: Santa Marta / COLOMBIA Contractor: NCAP- ETC International Contact Name: Ian Tellam or Roselyne van der Heul Address: P.O. Box 64, 3830 AB, Leusden Phone: +31 (0) 33 432 6000 Fax: +31 (0) 33 494 0791 E-mail: [email protected] City/Country: Leusden/ The Netherlands Technical Assistance: Stockholm Environment Institute Contact Name: Tom Downing Address: S-103 14 Stockholm, E-mail: [email protected] Country: Sweden Table of contents PROJECT SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................8 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................................11 2 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT............................................................................................................11 3 ADAPTATION DECISION MATRIX (ADM)...........................................................................................12 4 POLICY EXERCISE APPROACH ............................................................................................................12 SD - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................13 5 CARTAGENA DE INDIAS ......................................................................................................................13 5.1 Ocean dynamics.........................................................................................................................15 5.1.1 Sea-level........................................................................................................................................... 15 5.2 Coastal variations......................................................................................................................15 5.3 Marine and coastal ecosystems .................................................................................................16 5.3.1 Sandy beaches.................................................................................................................................. 17 5.3.2 Coral reefs........................................................................................................................................ 17 5.3.3 Sea grasses ....................................................................................................................................... 18 5.3.4 Estuaries, deltas and coastal lagoons................................................................................................ 18 5.3.5 Mangroves........................................................................................................................................ 19 5.3.6 Vegetation coverage......................................................................................................................... 20 1.1 . Social economic issues ............................................................................................................20 1.1.1 Social aspects ................................................................................................................................... 20 1.1.2 Economic aspects............................................................................................................................. 23 1.1.3 Land use and productive systems..................................................................................................... 27 6 SAN ANDRES DE TUMACO ..................................................................................................................28 6.1 Climate ......................................................................................................................................28 6.2 Ocean Dynamics........................................................................................................................28 6.2.1 Currents............................................................................................................................................ 28 6.2.2 Tides................................................................................................................................................. 28 6.2.3 Surface Water Temperature.............................................................................................................. 28 6.2.4 Superficial Salinity........................................................................................................................... 28 6.3 Geology......................................................................................................................................29 6.4 Water Resources................................................................................................................ ........29 6.5 Ecosystems.................................................................................................................................30 6.5.1 Tropical rainforest............................................................................................................................ 30 6.5.2 Very Humid Tropical Rainforest...................................................................................................... 30 6.5.3 Beaches ............................................................................................................................................ 31 6.5.4 Cliffs ................................................................................................................................................ 31 6.5.5 Estuaries, Deltas and Coastal Lagoons............................................................................................ 31 6.5.6 Mangroves........................................................................................................................................ 31 Caracterización socioeconómica...........................................................................................................32