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Zavod Za Teorijsku Fiziku Theoretical Physics Division Godišnji izvještaj Instituta "Ru ñer Boškovi ć" 2005. 3 http://thphys.irb.hr ZAVOD ZA TEORIJSKU FIZIKU THEORETICAL PHYSICS DIVISION Predstojnik: dr. sc. Branko Guberina Tel. ++385 1 4680 234, e-mail: [email protected] Ustroj zavoda: Grupa za fiziku čvrstog stanja, dr. sc. Radovan Brako, voditelj laboratorija Grupa za fiziku čestica i kozmologiju, dr. sc. Nevenko Bili ć, voditelj laboratorija Grupa za teorijsku i matemati čku fiziku, dr. sc. Stjepan Meljanac, voditelj laboratorija Grupa za linearnu i nelinearnu dinamiku, dr. sc. Branko Guberina, voditelj laboratorija Tajništvo, Biserka Ke čkeš, tajnica Program rada: Istraživanja na činjena u Zavodu su ve ćinom teorijska istraživanja u podru čju fizike visokih energija, kao što je fizika čestica, op ća i matemati čka fizika, astro česti čna fizika i kozmologija. Nadalje, zna čajno podru čje aktivnosti čine istraživanja u fizici kondenzirane materije. Posebnu aktivnost čini primjena nelinearne dinami čke analize u biomedicini. Članovi zavoda su tijekom 2005. držali predavanja na Sveu čilištu u Zagrebu. Dovršeno je i obranjeno nekoliko diplomskih, magistarskih i doktorskih radova. Research programme: The research performed in the Division is mainly concerned with the theoretical investigation of high-energy physics, such as particle physics, general and mathematical physics, astroparticle physics and cosmology. In addition, there is a substantial research activity in condensed matter physics. A special activity in the Division is the application of nonlinear dynamical analysis in biomedicine. In 2005, the members of the Division continued to be involved in lecturing at the University of Zagreb and a number of students completed their B. Sc., M. Sc. and Ph. D. theses. Znanstvenoistraživa čki projekti MZOŠ-a i njihovi voditelji 0098001 FIZIKA POVRŠINA, MIKROSTRUKTURA I JAKO KORELIRANIH SISTEMA, Radovan Brako 0098002 TEMELJNE INTERAKCIJE U FIZICI ELEMENTARNIH ČESTICA I KOZMOLOGIJI, Branko Guberina 0098003 KVANTNA TEORIJA POLJA, NEKOMUTATIVNI PROSTORI I SIMETRIJE, Stjepan Meljanac 0098004 STRUKTURA DINAMI ČKIH FLUKTUACIJA U NELINEARNIM SUSTAVIMA, Mladen Martinis 0098149 TAMNA TVAR I FORMIRANJE STRUKTURA U SVEMIRU, Davor Palle 4 Godišnji izvještaj Instituta "Ru ñer Boškovi ć" 2005. Oznaka: 0098001 FIZIKA POVRŠINA, MIKROSTRUKTURA I JAKO KORELIRANIH SISTEMA PHYSICS OF SURFACES, MICROSTRUCTURES AND STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS Voditelj projekta: dr. sc. Radovan Brako Tel. ++385 1 4561 119 e-mail: [email protected] Suradnici Radovan Brako, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni savjetnik Željko Crljen, doktor fiz. znanosti, viši znanstveni suradnik Predrag Lazi ć, magistar fiz. znanosti, znanstveni novak u suradni čkom zvanju asistenta Marin-Slobodan Tomaš, doktor fiz. znanosti, viši znanstveni suradnik od 6.5.2005. Damir Šok čevi ć, doktor fiz. znanosti, viši znanstveni suradnik Program rada i rezultati na projektu: Napravljeni su ab initio prora čuni atomske i elektronske strukture ultratankih slojeva srebra na površinama V(100) i Pd(111) (P. Lazi ć, Ž. Crljen, R. Brako, Phys. Rev. B 71, 155402 (2005); V. Mikši ć Trontl, I. Pletikosi ć, M. Milun, P. Pervan, P. Lazi ć, D. Šok čevi ć, R. Brako, Phys. Rev. B 72, 235418 (2005)). Posebna je pažnja bila posve ćena elektronskim stanjima kvantnih jama (Quantum Well States, QWS) u slojevima srebra i usporedbi s fotoemisijskim spektrima. Teorija koja opisuje van der Waalsovu interakciju na osnovi elektronske strukture prora čunate pomo ću teorije funkcionala gusto će je primijenjena na adsorpciju ksenona na metalne površine (P. Lazi ć, Ž. Crljen, R. Brako, B. Gumhalter, Phys. Rev. B 72, 245407 (2005)). Metodom baziranom na teoriji funkcionala gusto će i neravnotežnih Greenovih funkcija ispitivana je vodljivost hibridnih sistema pi- konjugiranih molekula i metalnih kontakata u ovisnosti o mjestu adsorpcije molekule na površini metala i me ñusobnoj udaljenosti elektroda (Ž. Crljen, A. Grigoriev, G. Wendin and K. Stokbro, Phys. Rev. B 71, 165316 (2005)). U okviru teorijskih prou čavanja Casimirovog efekta u magnetodielektricima, prou čavane su implikacije na Casimirove, Casimir-Polderove i van der Waalsove sile nedavno predloženog pristupa Casimirovom efektu preko ra čunanja Lorentzove sile, te efekti disperzije na Casimirovu silu u metal-magnetodielektrik sistemima (M. S. Tomaš, Phys. Rev A 71, 060101(R), (2005); M. S. Tomaš, Phys. Lett. A 342, 381, (2005); M. S. Tomaš, Phys. Rev A 72, 034104 (2005)). Research programme and results: Ab initio calculations of atomic and electronic structure of ultrathin silver films on V(100) and Pd(111) surfaces have been performed (P. Lazi ć, Ž. Crljen, R. Brako, Phys. Rev. B 71, 155402 (2005); V. Mikši ć Trontl, I. Pletikosi ć, M. Milun, P. Pervan, P. Lazi ć, D. Šok čevi ć, R. Brako, Phys. Rev. B 72, 235418 (2005)). Particular attention has been devoted to the electronic Quantum Well States (QWS) in silver layers and to the comparison with photoemission spectra. A theory which describes the van der Waals interaction starting from the electronic structure calculated using the density functional theory approach has been applied to the adsorption of xenon on metal surfaces (P. Lazi ć, Ž. Crljen, R. Brako, B. Gumhalter, Phys. Rev. B 72, 245407 (2005)). Using the method based on nonequilibrium Green\'s functions and density-functional theory the conductance of hybrid systems of pi-conjugated molecules bound to metal electrodes was determined for various molecular adsorption sites and interelectrode distances (Ž. Crljen, A. Grigoriev, G. Wendin and K. Godišnji izvještaj Instituta "Ru ñer Boškovi ć" 2005. 5 Stokbro, Phys. Rev. B 71, 165316 (2005)). Within the theoretical investigations of the Casimir effect in magnetodielectrics, we explored the implications to the Casimir, Casimir-Polder and van der Waals forces of a recently suggested Lorentz-force approach to the Casimir effect as well as effects of dispersion on the Casimir force in metal-magnetodielectric systems (M. S. Tomaš, Phys. Rev A 71, 060101(R), (2005); M. S. Tomaš, Phys. Lett. A 342, 381, (2005); M. S. Tomaš, Phys. Rev A 72, 034104 (2005)). Oznaka: 0098002 TEMELJNE INTERAKCIJE U FIZICI ELEMENTARNIH ČESTICA I KOZMOLOGIJI FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY Voditelj projekta: dr. sc. Branko Guberina Tel. ++385 1 4680 234 e-mail: [email protected] Suradnici Hrvoje Abraham, dipl. ing. fizike, znanstveni novak u suradni čkom zvanju asistenta Igor Bakovi ć, dipl. ing. matematike, znanstveni novak u suradničkom zvanju asistenta Nevenko Bili ć, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni savjetnik Ivan Dadi ć, doktor fiz. znanosti, viši znanstveni suradnik Goran Duplan čić, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni suradnik od 6.5.2005. Branko Guberina, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni savjetnik Raul Horvat, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni savjetnik Blaženka Meli ć, doktorica fiz. znanosti, znanstvena suradnica Hrvoje Nikoli ć, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni suradnik Bene Niži ć, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni suradnik Kornelija Passek-Kumeri čki, doktorica fiz. znanosti, znanstvena suradnica od 6.5.2005. Boris Podobnik, docent, 12% radnog vremena od 16.3.2005. (88% radnog vremena, Prirodoslovno-matemati čki fakultet, Sveu čilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb) Hrvoje Štefan čić, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni suradnik od 6.5.2005. Josip Trampeti ć, doktor fiz. znanosti, znanstveni savjetnik Vanjski suradnici Julius Wess, redoviti profesor, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, München, Njema čka (konzultant) 6 Godišnji izvještaj Instituta "Ru ñer Boškovi ć" 2005. Program rada i rezultati na projektu: Dva glavna i komplementarna smjera istraživanja na ovom projektu su: A. fizika čestica i teorija polja, B. kozmologija i česti čna astrofizika. Istraživanja su se odvijala u okviru sljede ćih užih tema istraživanja: 1. Fizika teških kvarkova, narušenje CP i simetrija SU(3)f 2. Ekskluzivni procesi u perturbativnoj QCD 3. Teorija polja kod kona čnih temperatura i gusto ća 4. U činci nekomutativnosti prostorno-vremenskih koordinata 5. Porijeklo tamne materije i tamne energije 6. Ovisnost kozmološke konstante o skali i sudbina svemira 7. Teorija relativnosti i temelji kvantne mehanike 8. Primjena teorijske fizike u drugim podru čjima Obavljena istraživanja i rezultati Fizika čestica i kvantna teorija polja 1. Istraživana je primjena light-cone sumacijskih pravila na dvo česti čne raspade B mezona te su prou čavani nefaktorizacijski doprinosi u tim raspadima. Pokazana je dominatnost nefaktorizacijskih doprinosa u raspadima B mezona u teška mezonska stanja. Nadalje, analizirani su specifi čni nefaktorizabilni doprinosi u raspadima B -> pi pi, kao nefaktorizabilni doprinosi šarmantnih pingvinskih dijagrama, te anihilacijskih diagrama , čije precizno odre ñivanje ima veliku važnost u fenomenološkim analizama raspada B mezona, odre ñivanju parametara CKM matrice i narušenja CP u B-mezonskom sektoru. 2. U sklopu rada na razvoju metoda ra čunanja Feynmanovih integrala s jednom petljom razvijen je algoritam za automatsko ra čunanje bezmasenih jednopetljanih Feynmanovih integrala s proizvoljnim brojem vanjskih linija. 3. Istraživana su svojstva neravnotežnih teorija polja s posebnim naglaskom na produkciju fotona iz neravnotežne QCD plazme, nesa čuvanje energije u nekim verteksima Feynmanovih dijagrama, te pojavu dvostruko projiciranih funkcija. 4. Analiziran je standardni model na nekomutativnom prostoru s detaljnom analizom Higgsovog, Yukawinog, QCD i neutrinskog sektora. Otkriveni su novi fenomeni, a relevantna Feynmanova pravila primjenjena u analizi lomljenja
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