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Perspektif Ilmu Kolonial Tentang Hukum Islam Dan Masyarakat Di Tanah Melayu: Analisis Terhadap Karya-Karya Terpilih

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Perspektif Ilmu Kolonial Tentang Hukum Islam Dan Masyarakat Di Tanah Melayu: Analisis Terhadap Karya-Karya Terpilih PERSPEKTIF ILMU KOLONIAL TENTANG HUKUM ISLAM DAN MASYARAKAT DI TANAH MELAYU: ANALISIS TERHADAP KARYA-KARYA TERPILIH HALIM @ AB. HALIM BIN ISMAIL AKADEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR University2018 of Malaya PERSPEKTIF ILMU KOLONIAL TENTANG HUKUM ISLAM DAN MASYARAKAT DI TANAH MELAYU: ANALISIS TERHADAP KARYA-KARYA TERPILIH HALIM @ AB. HALIM BIN ISMAIL DISERTASI DISERAHKAN SEBAGAI MEMENUHI KEPERLUAN BAGI IJAZAH SARJANA SYARIAH AKADEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA UniversityKUALA LUMPUR of Malaya 2018 UNIVERSITI MALAYA PERAKUAN KEASLIAN PENULISAN Nama: HALIM @ AB. HALIM BIN ISMAIL No. Matrik: IGA 150078 Nama Ijazah: SARJANA SYARIAH Tajuk Kertas Projek/Laporan Penyelidikan/ Disertasi/Tesis (“Hasil Kerja ini”): PERSPEKTIF ILMU KOLONIAL TENTANG HUKUM ISLAM DAN MASYARAKAT DI TANAH MELAYU: ANALISIS TERHADAP KARYA-KARYA TERPILIH Bidang Penyelidikan: FIQH Saya dengan sesungguhnya dan sebenarnya mengaku bahawa: (1) Saya adalah satu-satunya pengarang/penulis Hasil Kerja ini; (2) Hasil Kerja ini adalah asli; (3) Apa-apa penggunaan mana-mana hasil kerja yang mengandungi hakcipta telah dilakukan secara urusan yang wajar dan bagi maksud yang dibenarkan dan apa- apa petikan, ekstrak, rujukan atau pengeluaran semula daripada atau kepada mana-mana hasil kerja yang mengandungi hakcipta telah dinyatakan dengan sejelasnya dan secukupnya dan satu pengiktirafan tajuk hasil kerja tersebut dan pengarang/penulisnya telah dilakukan di dalam Hasil Kerja ini; (4) Saya tidak mempunyai apa-apa pengetahuan sebenar atau patut semunasabahnya tahu bahawa penghasilan Hasil Kerja ini melanggar suatu hakcipta hasil kerja yang lain; (5) Saya dengan ini menyerahkan kesemua dan tiap-tiap hak yang terkandung di dalam hakcipta Hasil Kerja ini kepada Universiti Malaya (“UM”) yang seterusnya mula dari sekarang adalah tuan punya kepada hakcipta di dalam Hasil Kerja ini dan apa-apa pengeluaran semula atau penggunaan dalam apa jua bentuk atau dengan apa juga cara sekalipun adalah dilarang tanpa terlebih dahulu mendapat kebenaran bertulis dari UM; (6) Saya sedar sepenuhnya sekiranya dalam masa penghasilan Hasil Kerja ini saya telah melanggar suatu hakcipta hasil kerja yang lain sama ada dengan niat atau sebaliknya, saya boleh dikenakan tindakan undang-undang atau apa-apa tindakan lain sebagaimana yang diputuskan oleh UM. UniversityTandatangan Calon of MalayaTarikh: Diperbuat dan sesungguhnya diakui di hadapan, Tandatangan Saksi Tarikh: Nama: Dr Rahimin Affandi bin Abdul Rahim. Jawatan: Profesor Madya PERSPEKTIF ILMU KOLONIAL TENTANG HUKUM ISLAM DAN MASYARAKAT DI TANAH MELAYU : ANALISIS TERHADAP KARYA-KARYA TERPILIH ABSTRAK Kedatangan kolonial British ke Tanah Melayu telah menyumbang kepada pembinaan korpus keilmuan tentang agama dan budaya masyarakat timur. Ia boleh dinamakan sebagai ilmu kolonial. Namun begitu, pendekatan yang digunapakai oleh sarjana kolonial berasaskan paradigma euro-centric telah menghasilkan perspektif berbeza terhadap kebudayaan dan pola keagamaan masyarakat Melayu Islam di Tanah Melayu. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenalpati secara khusus perspektif ilmu kolonial terhadap budaya dan hukum Islam yang diamalkan dalam masyarakat Melayu melalui karya-karya sarjana kolonial secara terpilih. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan perpustakaan sepenuhnya dengan merujuk karya sarjana kolonial di Tanah Melayu, misalnya karya Raffles, Wilkinson, Winstedt dan Swettenham. Karya-karya ini dianalisis secara kandungan dengan pengenalpastian terhadap tema-tema terpilih dalam isu berkaitan dengan budaya Melayu dan hukum Islam. Hasil kajian mendapati pandangan mereka dalam korpus keilmuan yang dipanggil sebagai ilmu kolonial sarat dengan elemen negatif terhadap budaya dan masyarakat Melayu yang mana ia menjadi asas kepada pendekatan mereka sebagai duta peradaban dan ketamadunan (ambassadorsUniversity of civilization) yang terbeban di bahu ofmereka (theMalaya white men’s burden) dalam siri penjajahan Tanah Melayu. Justeru, ilmu kolonial perlu dinilai semula agar citra positif budaya dan hukum Islam di Tanah Melayu terpelihara dengan baik. iv COLONIAL PERSPECTIVES ON ISLAMIC LAW AND SOCIETY IN MALAY STATES : AN ANALYSIS ON SELECTED WORKS ABSTRACT The arrival of the British colonial to Malay States has contributed to the construction of a scientific corpus on the religion and culture of the eastern society. It can be named as colonial knowledge. However, the approach adopted by colonial scholars based on the euro-centric paradigm has resulted in a different perspective on the cultural and religious patterns of the Malay Muslim community in Malay States. In this regard, the study was conducted to specifically identify the colonialist perspective on Islamic culture and law practiced in Malay society through selected colonial masterpieces. To achieve these objectives, this qualitative study uses the full library approach by referring to colonial masterpieces in Malay States, such as Raffles, Wilkinson, Winstedt and Swettenham. These works are analyzed in content with identification of selected themes in issues pertaining to Malay culture and Islamic law. The findings suggest that their views in the science corpus called colonial knowledge are full of negative elements towards the culture and the Malay community, which are the basis of their approach as ambassadors of civilization that are on their shoulders (the white men’s burden) within a colony of Malay States. Hence, colonial knowledge needs to be re-evaluated so that the positive imageUniversity of Islamic culture and law in Malay Statesof is well-preserved. Malaya v PENGHARGAAN ﺑِﺴْﻢِ اﷲِ اﻟﺮﱠﺣْﻤﻦِ اﻟﺮﱠﺣِﯿﻢِ اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ، واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﺮف اﻷﻧﺒﯿﺎء واﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﮫ وﺻﺤﺒﮫ أﺟﻤﻌﯿﻦ. وﺑﻌﺪ، Alhamdulillah, setinggi-tinggi kesyukuran dipanjatkan ke hadrat Ilahi, selawat serta salam ke atas junjungan besar Nabi Muhammad SAW. Segala puji bagi Allah atas limpah kurnia rahmat dan inayahNya, akhirnya dapat disiapkan disertasi ini demi manfaat bersama. Segala ujian dan dugaan dalam penghasilan kajian ini memberi makna yang tersirat dan mendalam dalam hidup pengkaji. Pertama sekali pengkaji ingin merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan dan terima kasih kepada penyelia, Prof Madya Dr Rahimin Affendi Bin Abdul Rahim atas galakan, idea, tunjuk ajar, bimbingan dan dokongan yang diberikan. Sesungguhnya bagi pengkaji, disertasi ini adalah apresiasi khas untuk beliau yang tanpa jemu-jemu membimbing penulis sehingga berjaya. Tidak dilupakan penghargaanUniversity ini ditujukan buat Dr Mohd Anuarof bin Malaya Ramli yang sentiasa memberikan panduan dan tunjuk ajar yang berharga. Buat semua pensyarah yang pernah mendidik diri ini, khususnya semua pensyarah di Jabatan Fiqh & Usul dan pensyarah di Akademi Pengajian Islam umumnya, terima kasih kerana sudi mencurahkan ilmu kalian. Tidak ketinggalan juga semua kakitangan Jabatan Fiqh & Usul serta Bahagian Ijazah Tinggi Akademi Pengajian Islam, vi Universiti Malaya di atas segala bantuan dan dorongan. Penghargaan juga pengkaji ingin tujukan kepada pengarah dan kakitangan Muzium Sultan Abu Bakar, Pekan, Pahang. Pihak yang menunjukkan jalan kepada pengkaji untuk mengkaji ilmu kolonial dan meminjamkan kepada pengkaji bahan-bahan rujukan yang sangat berharga. Khusus buat bonda Sabariah Binti Abdullah, ayahanda Ismail bin Ahmad, kakak dan adik-adik. Tidak lupa isteri tercinta Zurina Binti Mohamed Noor, anak-anak tersayang Eizzatun Najiha, Eizzatul Husna, Eizzatus Sofea, Eizzul Hakim dan Eizzul Hafiz. Insan-insan di masa susah dan senang. Kalian adalah sumber inspirasi dan terima kasih atas segala-galanya. Akhirnya, ucapan terima kasih juga ditujukan kepada semua yang turut membantu pengkaji dalam menyempurnakan kajian ini sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Semoga segala bantuan yang diberikan mendapat balasan yang setimpal daripada Allah SWT. HALIM @ AB. HALIM BIN ISMAIL [email protected] 20 Disember 2017 University of Malaya vii JADUAL KANDUNGAN ABSTRAK................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v PENGHARGAAN ....................................................................................................... vi JADUAL KANDUNGAN....................................................................................... viiiiii SENARAI KEPENDEKAN ......................................................................................... xi BAB SATU: PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah Kajian ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Persoalan Kajian ............................................................................................. 7 1.3 Objektif Kajian ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4 Kepentingan Kajian......................................................................................... 8 1.4 Skop Kajian .................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Sorotan Kajian Lepas .................................................................................... 10 1.6 Metodologi Kajian ........................................................................................ 33 BAB DUA : KONSEP ILMU KOLONIAL 2.1 Pengenalan .................................................................................................... 36 2.2 KonsepUniversity Asas Ilmu Kolonial..........................................................................
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