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From the Middle Jurassic Sediments of Inner Mongolia, China
Zootaxa 3597: 25–32 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:823B1052-53EE-4D1D-B497-1D7457D8F6C4 Arcofuzia cana gen. et sp. n. (Insecta, Blattaria, Fuziidae) from the Middle Jurassic sediments of Inner Mongolia, China DANDAN WEI, CHUNGKUN SHIH & DONG REN* Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China. *Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract Fuziidae is an indigenous Chinese family known from the Middle Jurassic sediments. So far, only three genera have been described from Daohugou locality in Inner Mongolia, China. Arcofuzia cana gen. et sp. n., attributed to the family Fuziidae, is described herein from the Jiulongshan Formation, based on its autapomorphic large body size, distinct forceps-like grasping male cerci, distinct pattern of very wide forewing markings, thick Sc and rich forewing venation with many small but very distinct crossvein-like reticulations. Key words: Fossil cockroach, new genus, new species, Daohugou, China Introduction Cockroaches have existed since the Late Carboniferous (Brongniart 1885). Extinct cockroaches had many unique characters and forms suggesting interesting cockroach behaviors, for example, the jumping genus Skok, the earliest eusocial organism Sociala, light-mimicking luminescent cockroaches of the family Blaberidae, an earwig-like cockroach of the family Fuziidae (Vršanský 2007, 2010; Vršanský et al. 2009, 2012) and predatory Raphidiomimidae including nocturnal forms (Liang et al. 2012). The cockroach superfamily Caloblattinoidea, which originated from Phyloblattidae in the early Triassic, was dominant in many formations from the Triassic to the Jurassic (Vršanský et al. -
Termites (Isoptera) from the Jurassic/Cretaceous Boundary: Evidence for the Longevity of Their Earliest Genera
Eur. J. Entomol. 111(1): 137–141, 2014 doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.014 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Termites (Isoptera) from the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary: Evidence for the longevity of their earliest genera 1, 2 2 PETER VRŠANSKÝ and DANIL ARISTOV 1Geological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, P.O. Box 106, 840 05 Bratislava 45, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] 2Arthropoda Laboratory, Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117868 Moscow, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Mastotermitidae, eusociality, fossil insects, Mesozoic, Chernovskie Kopi, Transbaikalian Russia Abstract. The earliest termite of the extant genus Mastotermes, is herein recorded in the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) transitional beds of Chernovskie Kopi in Transbaikalian Russia along with Santonitermes of an uncertain family. These records represent the earliest eusocial organisms. No termites have ever been recorded among the hundreds of thousands of fossil insects in the Jurassic/Creta- ceous boundary Beds of China and Mongolia or in prior time periods. Both genera indicate that the early termites survived for an extremely long period of time. The present find both provides evidence of the greatest ghost range (60 Mya) of any winged stem cockroach family and indicates that the origin of termites and evolution of eusociality occurred later than the Middle Jurassic. INTRODUCTION novskie Kopi (Doronino Formation, Chernovskaya transitional sequence). The assemblage of fossil insects at the Chernovskie Superorganismal (Queller & Strassmann, 2002) struc- Kopi locality is mixed and cannot be assigned to any of the stra- ture in animals was first achieved by cockroaches during tigraphic levels recognized in eastern Transbaikalia (Sinitza, the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous transition, when their 1995; Sinitshenkova, 2000; Vassilenko, 2005). -
Natural Selection Drives the Evolution of Ant Life Cycles
PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE Natural selection drives the evolution of ant life cycles Edward O. Wilsona,1 and Martin A. Nowakb aMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and bProgram for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Contributed by Edward O. Wilson, June 9, 2014 (sent for review December 17, 2013) The genetic origin of advanced social organization has long been one of the outstanding problems of evolutionary biology. Here we present an analysis of the major steps in ant evolution, based for the first time, to our knowledge, on combined recent advances in paleontology, phylogeny, and the study of contemporary life histories. We provide evidence of the causal forces of natural selection shaping several key phenomena: (i) the relative lateness and rarity in geological time of the emergence of eusociality in ants and other animal phylads; (ii) the prevalence of monogamy at the time of evolutionary origin; and (iii) the female-biased sex allocation observed in many ant species. We argue that a clear understanding of the evolution of social insects can emerge if, in addition to relatedness-based arguments, we take into account key factors of natural history and study how natural selection acts on alleles that modify social behavior. sociobiology | claustrality | adaptive radiation | inadequacy of inclusive fitness Comparative studies have revealed that from in the primitive termite species Zootermopsis insects, especially ants, leading to super- the moment of the evolutionary origin of nevadensis. During encounters of two adja- organisms (10–14). However, in almost all animal eusociality, which is at first facultative cent unrelated colonies nesting under bark, cases precise models of social interactions in nature, each worker is in a tug-of-war be- the single or multiple queens and kings of and evolutionary dynamics have not been tween it and the colony of which it is a part. -
Nvestigations Into the Meaning of a Fruit Fly Pheromone
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ontents Introduction.....................................................................................................7 The three levels of mate choice..................................................................7 -
SZ Amnioa Norwegian Journal of Entomology Norsk Entomolgisk Tidskrift
la~BIJOjSlal!SJaA!Uil 8L61 • I ·oN • SZ amnIoA Norwegian Journal of Entomology Norsk Entomolgisk Tidskrift EDITOR Dr. philos. Lauritz S0mme, Zoologisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. EDITORIAL COMMITTEE F0rstelektor Eivind 0stbye, Konsulent Per F. Waaler, F0rstekonservator dr. philos. Albert Lillehammer. PUBLISHER Universitetsforiaget: P. O. Box 7508, Skillebekk, Oslo 2, Norway. P. O. Box 142, Boston, Massachusetts 02113, U.S.A. CONTRIBUTIONS These should be sent to the Editor. Authors are requested to follow the instructions on page 3 of the cover. Artikler som 0nskes trykt i tidsskriftet sendes redakt0ren. Bidragsytere ma f0lge anvis ningen pa omslagets tredje side. SUBSCRIPTIONS Non-members of the Norwegian Entomological Society should send their orders to Universitetsforlaget. The subscription price per volume (two issues annually) is for 1978 U.S. $ 22.00 (N. kr. 110.-). U.S. $ price is subject to change without notice in case of devaluation/revaluation. Notice of change of address should be accompanied by the old address. Back volumes should also be ordered from Universitetsforlaget. NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK FORENING ser sin hovedoppgave i A fremme det entomologiske studium i Norge, og danne et bindeledd mellom de interesserte. Medlemskontingenten er for tiden kr. 40,- pr. ar. Medlemmer far tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Henvendelser om medlemskap sendes sekre treren: Cand. real. Trond Hofsvang, Zoologisk institutt, NLH, 1432 As-NLH. © Universitetsforlaget 1978 Larval morphology and development of Aphidius colemani Viereck and Ephedrus cerasicola Stary (Hym., Aphidiidae) TROND HOFSVANG AND ELINE BENEsrAD HAovAR Hofsvang, T. & Hllgvar, E. B. 1978. Larval morphology and development ofAphidius colemani Viereck and Ephedrus cerasicola Stary (Hym., Aphidiidae). Norw. -
Cockroaches Probably Cleaned up After Dinosaurs
Cockroaches Probably Cleaned Up after Dinosaurs Peter Vrsˇansky´ 1,2*, Thomas van de Kamp3, Dany Azar4, Alexander Prokin5,6, L’ubomı´r Vidlicˇka7,8, Patrik Vagovicˇ3,9 1 Geological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, 2 Arthropoda Laboratory, Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 3 ANKA/Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, 4 Faculty of Science II, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese University, Fanar, Fanar-Matn, Lebanon, 5 I.D. Papanin Institute for biology of inland waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia, 6 Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia, 7 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, 8 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, 9 Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Japan Abstract Dinosaurs undoubtedly produced huge quantities of excrements. But who cleaned up after them? Dung beetles and flies with rapid development were rare during most of the Mesozoic. Candidates for these duties are extinct cockroaches (Blattulidae), whose temporal range is associated with herbivorous dinosaurs. An opportunity to test this hypothesis arises from coprolites to some extent extruded from an immature cockroach preserved in the amber of Lebanon, studied using synchrotron X-ray microtomography. 1.06% of their volume is filled by particles of wood with smooth edges, in which size distribution directly supports their external pre-digestion. Because fungal pre-processing can be excluded based on the presence of large particles (combined with small total amount of wood) and absence of damages on wood, the likely source of wood are herbivore feces. -
Natural Selection Drives the Evolution of Ant Life Cycles
PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE Natural selection drives the evolution of ant life cycles Edward O. Wilsona,1 and Martin A. Nowakb aMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and bProgram for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Contributed by Edward O. Wilson, June 9, 2014 (sent for review December 17, 2013) The genetic origin of advanced social organization has long been one of the outstanding problems of evolutionary biology. Here we present an analysis of the major steps in ant evolution, based for the first time, to our knowledge, on combined recent advances in paleontology, phylogeny, and the study of contemporary life histories. We provide evidence of the causal forces of natural selection shaping several key phenomena: (i) the relative lateness and rarity in geological time of the emergence of eusociality in ants and other animal phylads; (ii) the prevalence of monogamy at the time of evolutionary origin; and (iii) the female-biased sex allocation observed in many ant species. We argue that a clear understanding of the evolution of social insects can emerge if, in addition to relatedness-based arguments, we take into account key factors of natural history and study how natural selection acts on alleles that modify social behavior. sociobiology | claustrality | adaptive radiation | inadequacy of inclusive fitness Comparative studies have revealed that from in the primitive termite species Zootermopsis insects, especially ants, leading to super- the moment of the evolutionary origin of nevadensis. During encounters of two adja- organisms (10–14). However, in almost all animal eusociality, which is at first facultative cent unrelated colonies nesting under bark, cases precise models of social interactions in nature, each worker is in a tug-of-war be- the single or multiple queens and kings of and evolutionary dynamics have not been tween it and the colony of which it is a part.