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Scrophulariaceae Guide

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Scrophulariaceae Guide SCROPHULARIACEAE The Figwort Family VEGETATIVE FEATURES: The stems are round stems. The leaves are opposite, alternate, whorled (rarely), simple, entire to dissected, and exstipulate Their life history can be annual, biennal, or perennial The growth habit is mainly herbaceous as well as few shrubs and rarely trees Their distribution and ecology The flowers of Figworts and their allies Typically have: - irregular, bisexual flowers with 5 united sepals and 5 united petals (sometimes 4 of each), usually 2-lipped with 2 lobes up and 3 lobes down. - often the flowers are tubular - 4 or 5 stamens, often in two pairs, plus a shortened fifth stamen. - the ovary is positioned superior and consists of 2 united carpels with the partition walls present, forming 2 chambers. It typically matures as a capsule containing many seeds. - dried up style of the pistil can often be seen at the tip of the capsule. Chelone glabra Turtlehead* Plantaginaceae Frequent in wet ditches and meadows and along stream banks Mimulus ringens Monkey flower* Phrymaceae Common on shores and in wet depressions Lindernia dubia False pimpernel* Linderniaceae Uncommon on muddy shores and in shallow water Digitalis purpurea Foxglove* Plantaginaceae Horticulturally popular garden plant, biennial Medicinally valuable source of digitalis heart drug. Grows in a variety oh habitats from shaded woodland to disturbed soil in full sun . Melampyrum lineare Cow wheat* Orobanchaceace Common in open coniferous woods, heaths, rocky barrens, and blueberry fields. Verbascum thapsis Common Mullien Introduced, Eurasian in origin, grows in disturbed habitats.The leaves can be VERY large and are felt like in texture. Scrophularia nodosa Woodland figwort Introduced, found mainly in moist disturbed habitats on the edges of forests and fields. It is a perennial. Traditionally used as a medicinal for many ailments. Euphrasia nemoralis Common eyebright*Orobanchaceace Introduced from Europe, common in disturbed habitats and open ground Linaria vulgaris Butter and eggs * Plantaginaceae Eurasian: introduced to disturbed habitats, considered toxic when ingested. Veronica officinalis var tournefortii Common speedwell*Plantaginaceae Eurasian: commonly found in disturbed habitats .
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  • American Species of Lindernia Dubia (L.) Pennell – Occurrence in India
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