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Taxonomical and Anatomical Studies on Genus Lindernia of Puthur Panchayath (Thrissur District)

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Taxonomical and Anatomical Studies on Genus Lindernia of Puthur Panchayath (Thrissur District) VISTAS Vol. 6, No. 1, 2017, pp. 81-87 ISSN: 2319-5770, e-ISSN 2394-1138 TAXONOMICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON GENUS LINDERNIA OF PUTHUR PANCHAYATH (THRISSUR DISTRICT) Saranya Vadassery Subramanian* And 2Anto Puthur Varghese 1Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College, Irinjalakuda 2 Department of botany, St. Thomas College, Thrissur * Corresponding author ABSTRACT Puthur Panchayath of Thrissur district is enriched with an excellent bio diversity. It is the future home of the Thrissurs’ Zoological park wild life conservation and research center. As a part of the investigation of genus study Lindernia, 7 species belongs to the genera were collected. Seven species out of 8 species reported from Thrissur district were found in this small area. One of the taxon Lindernia ciliata var. sivarajini reported from Thiruvananthapuram also found in this panchayath. Lindernia ciliata sivarajini is a addition to the flora of Thrissur. A floristic documentation of panchayath level is significant for the preparation of panchayath level biodiversity registers. Anatomical characters of species of this genus represent their ecological relevance of existence in this habitat. INTRODUCTION Genus Lindernia All. is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which is represented by about 160 species, mostly from the new and old world tropics. The genus falls naturally in to three main geographical groups, the largest occurring in Asia followed by those in Africa and America. Distribution and taxonomy of Lindernia has been studied by various taxonomist in certain widespread areas, namely south eastern North America, Himalaya, India and Burma, China, Malesia, and Nepal. A total of 28 species of Lindernia are reported from Indo-Burma and 22 species have been recognized from India. In Kerala 21 species were reported and from Thrissur district 8 species were recognized. Lindernia is an annual herb, seen in moist shady habitat. They are erect or prostrate herbs with serrate margins. The general characters of Lindernia are, flowers of solitary, axillary in position often seen in racemes; Bracts and bracteoles are generally absent in this genus. Calyx five and corolla caducous having five lobes, and are 2 lipped. Lower lip three lobed. Stamens two or four but mostly the lower pair redused to staminodes. Ovary globose or oblong and stigma two lamellate. They flower in almost every seasons. Puthur panchayath of Thrissur district has a great significance in ecological level having diverse physiography. The panchayath comprises of a large reserve forest, river, high lands, mid lands, slopes, plains etc. Hence it is the future home of the Thrissur’s Zoological Park Wildlife Conservation & Research centre. It is one of the important localities with rich biodiversity in Thrissur district. This work is an attempt to collect and study all the available plants coming under the genus Lindernia from Puthur Panchayath of Thrissur district. The primary intention of this work is to enumerate the results of the identification of all the Lindernia species in this area. 82 ● ISSN: 2319-5770 e-ISSN 2394-1138 MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is based on the repeated collections of all available specimens of Lindernia genus from Puthur Panchayath area, during the period of 6 months from December 2014 to May 2015. When specimen collected, repeated visits were made to the same localities for the collection of specimens with fruits and seeds. All the field observations such as habit, habitat, inflorescence, seeds, etc were noted in the field book. During the collection trips, the collected specimens were tagged with field number. Then the specimens were identified with available literature and flora. After identification work out the each material are drawn in a paper. Illustrations consist of habit, L.S. of flower, stamen, floral formula etc were drawn on Gateway tracing paper using Micro tip pen (ROTRING) equipped with 0.1 mm nib and labelled proportionate scales. Herbarium specimens of representative materials were prepared using standard methods. Pieces of stem sectioned by hand and the sections were stained with safranine and then photographed using Labomed Lx300, iVu 2000 stereo-microscope attached with camera. The enumeration of genus is in accordance with common pattern adopted for thesis work. The systematic part begins with the genus treatment followed by the species name. A key to the species is also provided. The details of specimens cited are given in the following sequence: country, state, district, collection locality, date of collection, collector/ collectors, name and collection number, and acronym of the depository is given in parenthesis. A reference herbarium and illustrations are also provided. Anatomy part is well described with internal structure of stem T.S. A comparative morphology and Key to species is provided after the anatomical description. RESULTS Lindernia hyssopiodes (L.) Haines Slender erect herbs; up to 40 cm tall; stem 4-angled, simple or diffusely branched. Leaves 1-2 x 0.2-0.4 cm, linear-lanceolate, basal ones elliptic-ovate, base cuneate or truncate, apex acute, 3-nerved from base, sessile. Flowers axillary, solitary; bracts linear; pedicels 1-3 cm long, filiform, deflexed in fruit. Calyx deeply 5-lobed almost to the base, 1.5-3.5 mm long, lobes linear-lanceolate, glabrous, tip purplish. Corolla pale lilac or bluish, 6-10 mm long, upper lip 2-lobed at apex, lower lip 6-10 mm across with dark blue blotches at base of lobes. Stamens 2, inserted at about the middle of corolla tube; anthers oblong; staminodes usually 2-fid, obtuse with a linear hairy, basal appendage. Capsule 4-5 mm long, ovoid-ellipsoid, twice as long as the fruiting calyx. Seeds yellow, oblong, longitudinally ridged. Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Erect or diffuse herbs, rooting at lower nodes. Leaves 0.8-1.3 x 0.5-1 cm, ovate to orbicular, base and apex rounded, margin crenate to subentire, basally 3-nerved, sessile. Flowers solitary in leaf axils; pedicle 0.5-1 cm long, slender. Calyx deeply divided, lobes 5, 2-2.5 x 1 mm, lanceolate. Corolla 1 cm long, white with blue blotches at mouth and lobes; lobes orbicular. Stamens 2; staminodes 2, glandular-scabrid at base. Stigma 2- VISTAS Vol. 6, No. 1 ● 83 lamellate. Capsule 3 mm long, subglobose, equal to or slightly shorter than calyx. Seeds 0.5 mm long, oblong, pale brown. Lindernia antipoda (L.) Prostrate or diffuse herbs, rooting at the nodes. Leaves simple, opposite, variable 1.5-2.5 x 0.5-1 cm, elliptic-obovate, apex obtuse, base cuneate, margin sub entire to serrate; penninerved, subsessile. Flowers solitary, axillary, Sometimes 2 at a node or in terminal racemes rarely both on the same plant; bracts leafy; pedicle .5 to 1 cm long. Calyx divided to the base; calyx lobes 5, lobes 4 mm long, free lanceolate, margin scarious. Corolla bluish with an yellow mouth, tube 5 mm; upper lip 4 mm: lower lip 6 mm sub acute –obtuse, 6-8 mm long, internally short pilose between the staminodes. Stamens 2, fertile; staminodes 2, hooked. Capsule 1-1.4 cm long, linear-lanceolate, exceeding the calyx ; seeds yellow, ridged. Lindernia ciliata ssp. Ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell Small erect annual herbs. Leaves simple, opposite, 0.8-1.5 x 0.4-0.6 cm, elliptic-oblong, apex obtuse or acute, base rounded, margin aristate-dentate, apex acute to obtuse, penninerved, sessile. Flowers in lax terminal racemes; pedicels 1-2 mm long; bracts leafy, 2-3 mm long. Calyx-lobes 5, 5 mm long, linear. Corolla pink or bluish-pink, 8 mm long, tube curved, 2-lipped, upper lip oblong, lower lip obtuse. Stamens 2; anthers unequal; staminodes with divergent hooks. Ovary 2 -3 mm long, elongate. Capsule 1-1.5 cm long, linear, septum winged, exceeding the fruiting calyx; seeds black. Lindernia Crustaceae (L.) Erect herb to 20 cm, diffusely branched, rooting at basal nodes; Stem 4-angled, slightly winged on angles. Leaves simple, opposite, 0.8-1.5 x 0.7-1.2 cm, ovate, apex sub acute or acute, base truncate, margin serrate, ciliate, penninerved; Bracts 0; Petiole 5 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2-per node on terminal racemes; Pedicel 1-1.2 cm long. Calyx 4 mm long, calyx lobes 5, equal ,united from above the middle, tubular divided to 5-ribbed, lobes elliptic-lanceolate, ciliate on margins. Corolla is rose to purple coloured; tube 5 mm long.lobes 5; upper lip 3 mm, emarginated; lower lip about 4 mm. Stamens 4, didynamous; lower pair of stamens with a subulate appendage at the middle of filament. Ovary globose. Capsule 5 mm long, 2-3 mm across, smaller than fruiting calyx, ovoid; seeds minute, many. Lindernia caespitosa (Blume) Panigrahi Prostrate or diffuse herbs, rooting at nodes, hirsute. Leaves simple, opposite, 1-1.5 x 0.7- 1 cm, ovate-orbicular, apex acute, base rounded, margin crenate-serrate, sub-glabrous to pubescent above, hirsute beneath, pinnately nerved, subsessile. Flowers axillary 2 per node; pedicel 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous to sparsely glandular-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 5, divided to the base, c. 3 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, margin scarious. Corolla 5-8 mm long, tube white, yellow at mouth, upper lip pale brown or completely violet. Stamens 4, lower pair appendaged. Capsule 3 mm, subglobose, equalling or shorter than fruiting calyx; seeds yellow, short cylindric. 84 ● ISSN: 2319-5770 e-ISSN 2394-1138 Lindernia viscosa (Hornem.) Merr Erect or diffuse hirsute annual herbs, rooting at lower nodes. Leaves 1.5-5 x 1-3 cm, broadly ovate, oblong or obovate, base rounded or truncate, margin crenate-serrate, apex obtuse, hirsute on both surfaces, penninerved; petiole .5-1.5 cm long; upper leaves much smaller and subsessile. Inflorescence a terminal lax, many-flowered raceme; peduncle sparsely glandular-pubescent; pedicels 5-8 mm long, glandular-pubescent; bracts minute, lanceolate.
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