Independent Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Prospect
INDEPENDENT TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE TOMBOKO GOLD PROSPECT Siguiri – North-eastern Guinea – West Africa
PREPARED FOR ALAMAKO CORPORATION INTERNATIONAL Email: [email protected] / Web: www.alamakomining Tel: (+224) 664-47-02-78 GN / (+224) 622-28-16-53 GN / (+720) 402-22-04 USA
Report for NI 43-101
Qualified Person: Dr. Serigne DIENG AuSIMM
Effective Date: 24th October, 2018
Alamako Corporation International Page 1 of 158 Independent Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Prospect
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
1. SUMMARY…………………………………………………..………...………………………...………………8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………….…………………………………….…………...... 8 CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………….………………………….…...……………9 RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………….…….…………………………………...……10 Recommended exploration Program in the Tomboko Property………………….…..…………….…10 TOM-1 North Target…………………………………………………….……………..………….……10 Phase I RC Drilling Program Objectives…….…….….…………………...………………….…….10 Phase II RC Drilling Program Objectives…………...………………………………..……….…….11 Phase III RC Drilling Program Objectives…….……..………………………………..…...…….…11 TOM-2 Target………………………………….....………………………………………………….…12 TOM-3 Target………………………………...……………………..……………………………….…12 Recommended Budget for the RC Drilling Program: 9,600 meters……………..……………………13 Phase I. RC Drilling Program: 3,600 meters………………...….……….………………………....…13 Phase II. RC Drilling Program: 3,000 meters……….….….……………...………………...……..…13 Phase III. RC Drilling Program: 3,000 meters……..…..………………...……………..……………..…13 Recommended Budget for the RAB Drilling Program: 5,000 meters……………………………....…14 TECHNICAL SUMMARY………………………………………………………………..…..……………15 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION, LOCATION AND LAND TENURE……...…...……..……………….…15 GEOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………………….……………16 Regional Geology of north-east Guinea………...………………………………..……………………..…16 Property Geology…………………………………..………………………….………………………….17 STRUCTURES……………………………………………………………………………..……………….17 MINERALIZATION……………………………...………………………………………………..…….... 17 EXPLORATION…………………………...…………………….………………………..…………….…. 17 Exploration works completed by Wega………………………...………….……………………...…..…18 Exploration works completed by The Golden Rule……...…………………………………..…….….…18 Exploration works completed in Nortec Mineral Corporation…………………………….……….….…18 MINERAL RESOURCES…………...……………………………………………………….………….….19 OPERATIONS……………………………………………………………………………...….……………19 ENVIRONMENT……………………………………………………………………..……….……………19 2. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….…………….20 2.1 Preparation…………………………………………………………………………………….…………….20 2.2 Purpose of the Report……...……………………………………………………….…………………….….20 2.3 Source of information and Data……………………………………………………………….…………….20 3. RELIANCE UPON OTHER EXPERTS………...…………………………………….……………….….…21 4. PROPRIETY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION………………………………………….………….……22 4.1 Location………………………………………………………………………………….………………….22 4.2 Property Description and Ownership…………………………………….………….……………………....22 4.2.1 Exploration Permit……………………………………………………………….….……….…...….22 4.2.2 Mining Lease…………...………...………………………………………………….…….…….…...24 4.2.3 Ownership………………………………………………………………………….…….…..………25 4.3 Ownership Obligations……………………………………………………………………...………………26 4.3.1 Government Participation………...…….…………………………….……………………………...26 4.3.2 Royalties and Encumbrances………………………………………………………………...………26 4.4 Environmental Liabilities……………………………………………………………………………….…...26 5. ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURES AND PHYSIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………………………….27 5.1 Accessibility………………………………………………………………………………………….…….27 5.2 Climate …………………………………………………………………………………………………….28 5.3 Local Resources………………………………………………………………………...………………….28 5.4 Infrastructure……………………………………………………………………………………………….28 5.5 Physiography……………………………………………………………………..……………..………….29
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6. HISTORY……………………………………………………………………………………..……………….30 6.1 History of the Gold Mining in North-east Guinea…………………………………………………………30 6.2 Mineral Exploration History of the Tomboko Gold Project…………………………………………….…31 6.2.1 Exploration Programs Completed in 2007…………………………………………………………...31 6.2.2 Exploration Programs completed in 2008……………………………………………………………32 6.2.2.1 Follow-up soil and Termite Mounds Geochemical Sampling…..………………………32 6.2.2.2 Remote Data Interpretations………………………………………………………..…………33 6.2.2.3 Rock Chips Sampling…………………………………………………………….….………..34 6.2.2.4 Geology & Regolith Mapping………………………………………………..….……………36 7. GEOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL SETTING………………………………………….………………39 7.1 Regional Geology………………………………………………………………………………………….39 7.2 Regional Structures…………………………………………………………………………..…………….40 7.3 Gold Mineralization………………………………………………………………………………………..41 7.4 Property Geology and Mineralization…………………………………………………………..…………42 8. DEPOSIT TYPES………………………………………………………………………………….………….43 9. EXPLORATION…………………………………………………………………………………...……….…44 9.1 Exploration programs completed in 2012………………………………………………...……………44 9.1.1 Geological and structural mapping of the TOM-1 and TOM 2 Targets……………………..………44 9.1.1.1 Lithology………………………………………………………………………………….……44 9.1.1.1.1 The Turbidite Sedimentary Sequence………………………………………….…….44 9.1.1.1.2 The Volcanoclastic Succession………………………………………………………46 9.1.1.1.3 The Pillow Basalt…………………………………………………………..………...46 9.1.1.1.4 Dolerite Dikes………………………………………………………………………..46 9.1.1.2 Stratigraphic sequence and timing of events………………………………………….………47 9.1.1.3 Structural Analysis……………………………………………………………………………48 9.1.1.3.1 NNW-striking brittle-ductile strike-slip shear zone in the TOM-1 Prospect………....48 9.1.1.3.2 NE-striking, SE-dipping brittle-ductile strike-slip shear zones in TOM-2………..….51 9.1.1.3.3 Late Faults………………………………………………………………………….…53 9.1.2 Structural Interpretation…………………………………………………………………………..….53 9.1.3 Surface Gold Geochemical Anomalies and the Tectonic Structures………………………….….….54 9.1.4 Regional Picture: Tectonic Model for the Gold Mineralization……………………………….….…55 9.1.5 Gold Potential of the Tomboko Permit………………………………………………………………57 9.1.6 Implication for Gold Exploration in the Tomboko area…………………………………………..…57 9.1.7 Rock chip sampling on the TOM-1 Target in 2012………………………………………………….58 9.2 Exploration completed in 2017 – 2018……………………………………………………………….…60 9.2.1. Summary of exploration works completed in the Tomboko Permit in 2017 – 2018…………60 9.2.1.1 Drilling……………………………………………………………………………………..…60 9.2.1.1.1 Diamond Drilling…………………………………………………………………..…60 9.2.1.1.2 RAB Drilling…………………………………………………………………………60 9.2.1.2 Trenches…………………………………………………………………………...……….…61 9.2.1.3 Geochemistry sampling…………………………………………………………………….…61 9.2.1.3.1 Termite and soil geochemistry sampling……………………………….……….……61 9.2.1.3.2 Rock chips geochemistry sampling………………………………………………..…61 9.2.2. TOM-1 Target…………………………………………………………………………………..…62 9.2.2.1. Diamond Drilling Program at TOM-1 North Target………………………………….……….62 9.2.2.1.1 Geology………………………………………………………………………………62 9.2.2.1.2 Structures………………………………………………………………….………….65 9.2.2.1.3 Hydrothermal alteration and mineral assemblages……………...……..….…….…..75 9.2.2.1.4 Gold Mineralization………………………………………………………….……….78 9.2.2.2. 2017 – 2018 termite mounds and soil geochemical sampling at TOM-1 North Target……..80 9.2.2.3. 2017 – 2018 rock chips geochemical sampling at TOM-1 North Target…………….…….82 9.2.2.4. RAB Drilling Program at TOM-1 North Target………………………………………...….85 9.2.2.5. RAB Drilling Program at TOM-1 South Target……………………………………..….….92 9.2.3. RAB Drilling Program at TOM-2 Target ………………………………………………….….94 9.2.4. RAB Drilling Program at TOM-3 Target……………………………………………….….….97 9.2.5. 2017 – 2018 rock chips geochemical sampling at TOM-3 North Target……………………..99
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10. DRILLING………………………………………………………………………………………...…………100 10.1 Diamond Drilling………………………………………………………………………………….……100 10.2 Rotary Air Blast (RAB) Drilling……………………………………………………………………...... 100 10.3 Drilling Quality………………………………………………………………………………….……..100 10.3.1 RAB Drill Hole Logging……………………………………………………………….………...101 10.3.2 Diamond Core Logging……………………………………………………...…………………...102 10.3.3 Logging Quality……...…………………………………………………………….…...……..….102 11. SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH……………………………………………………….….……103 11.2. RAB Sampling………..……….………………………………………………………………..………103 11.3. Diamond Core Sampling……………………………………….………………………………....……103 11.4. Sample Recovery………………………………………………………………………………….……103 11.5. Analytical Laboratories………………………………………………………………………………...103 12. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND SECURITIES………………………………………….…104 13. DATA VERIFICATION…………...……………………………………………………………………..….112 13.1 Drilling ………………………………………………….…………………………………………..….112 13.1.1 Diamond Drilling …………………………………………………………………....……...…113 13.1.2 Standards ……………………………………………………………………...………….....…113 13.1.3 Duplicates ……………………………………………………………………………...…...…115 13.1.4 Blanks ………………………………………………………………………...………….……115 13.2 RAB Drilling ………………………………………………………………..……….….…...…...……116 13.2.1 Standard RAB Drilling ……...... …………………………………………………..……….……116 13.2.2 Duplicates RAB Drilling ………………………...………………………………..………….…118 13.2.3 Blanks RAB Drilling ……………………...………………………………….…………………119 13.3 Trenches……………………………………………………………………………….…………….…120 13.4 Termites …………………………………………………………………….…………………………120 14. MINERAL PROCESSING ET METALLURGICAL TESTING…..…………………..….………..….…121 15. MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES……………………………………………………………….……121 16. MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES…………………………………………………………………….…121 17. MIMING METHOD…………………………………………………………………………………………121 18. RECOVERY METHOD…………………………………………………………………….….……………121 19. PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE………………………………………………………………..….………121 20. MARKET STUDIES ET CONTRACTS………………………………………………………...……….…121 21. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY IMPACTS…...... 121 22. CAPITAL AND OPERATING COST……………………………………………………………..…...... 121 23. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………………………121 24. ADJACENT PROPRITIES……...………………………...………………………………….……….….…122 25. OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION…...……………………………….……………..…123 26. INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS……………...……………………………………..…….…124 27. RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………………………………………………….……125 27.1 Recommended exploration Program in the Tomboko Property…………….………………….....……125 27.1.1 TOM-1 North Target……………………………………………………………………..………125 27.1.1.1 Phase I RC Drilling Program Objectives……………………………...…………...…….…125 27.1.1.2 Phase II RC Drilling Program Objectives…………………………………….………….…125 27.1.1.3 Phase III RC Drilling Program Objectives………………………………………….………126 27.1.1.4 Phase IV RAB Drilling Program Objectives……………………………….………….……134 27.1.2 TOM-2 Target……………………………………………………………………………………135 27.1.3 TOM-3 Target…………………………………………………………………………....………136 27.2 Recommended Budget for the RC Drilling Program: 9.600 meters……..………………..…….….…137 27.2.1 Phase I. RC Drilling Program: 3,600 meters…...……………………………………...….….…137 27.2.2 Phase II. RC Drilling Program: 3,000 meters………………………………………..…………137 27.2.3 Phase III. RC Drilling Program: 3,000 meters…………………………………….....…………137 27.3 Recommended Budget for the RAB Drilling Program: 5,000 meters…..………...……….………….…138 28 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………………….139 29 DATE AND SIGNATURE PAGE…………………...……………………………………………..….….…141 30 CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSON………………...…………...………………….………...... …142 31 APPENDIX…………………………………………………...……………………………….…...……....…144
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FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Location of the Tomboko Gold Project and the Siguiri Gold Mine on Google Map Guinea……….……….9 Figure 1.2: TOM-1 North X-Section Line 750N: Results and Recommended Phase I RC Program …………….……11 Figure 1.3: TOM-2 North Geological X-section Line 1,000N, RAB Results and Recommended RC Program ….…12 Figure 1.4: Location of the Tomboko Gold Project (Red rectangle) within Guinea………………………………...…15 Figure 1.5: Geological map of the Siguiri Basin showing the major gold deposit………………………….………….16 Figure 1.6: Geological map of the Tomboko Gold Project the different exploration works completed………………..19 Figure 4.1: Tomboko Permit within the Kintinian Sub-Prefecture (green), Siguiri……………………………………22 Figure 4.2: The Tomboko Permit de Recherche Minière as displayed in the Mining Cadastral records…………….…24 Figure 4.3: The Tomboko Permit de Recherche Minière (red outline) and the expired exploitation lease……….……24 Figure 5.1: Guinea Administrative regions and main access road to the Tomboko Gold Project……………………27 Figure 5.2: Topography of the Tomboko Permit, latitude and longitude, WGS84………………………………..…...29 Figure 6.1: Regional soil and Termite Mounds Geochemical Sampling within the Tomboko Permit in 2007………...31 Figure 6.2: Regional soil and termite mounds geochemical sampling Results within the Tomboko Permit in 2007..…32 Figure 6.3: Follow-up soil and termite mounds geochemical survey within the Tomboko Permit in 2008………....…32 Figure 6.4: Follow-up Soil and Termite Mounds Geochemical Results within the Tomboko Permit in 2008.……...…33 Figure 6.5: Lineament interpretations from remote data over the Tomboko Permit……………………………...……33 Figure 6.6: Location of the best gold values in rock chip sampled over the Tomboko Permit in 2009…………...……34 Figure 6.7: Field mapping of TOM-1 by Wega, 2009…………………………………………………………...…….36 Figure 6.8: Location of the Prospective zones on TOM-1 zone of interest…………………………………………….37 Figure 6.9: Field mapping of TOM-2 by Wega, 2009…………………………………………………………………38 Figure 6.10: Showings in TOM-1 and structure; possible source of gold in drainage and thalweg…………….……...38 Figure 7.1: Schematic geologic map of the Man Shield (West Africa) ……………………………………………...... 39 Figure 7.2: Geological map of the Siguiri Basin adopted from WAXI Africa geology, 2010………………….……...40 Figure 7.3: Tectonic and structural map of the Siguiri Basin (adapted from Mamedov et al., 2010) ………………….41 Figure 7.4: Location of the Tomboko Gold Project, BRGM 1: 200,000 geology map of the Siguiri area……………..42 Figure 9.1: Photographs of typical features in the turbidite unit……………………………………………………….45 Figure 9.2: Geological map of the TOM-1 and TOM-2 Prospects…………………………………………………….45 Figure 9.3: Photographs of the volcanoclastic rocks. A. tuffaceous rock composed of crystallized…………………...46 Figure 9.4: Photographs of mafic pillowed flows exposed on top of the volcanoclastic rocks………………………...47 Figure 9.5: A. Photographs of the dolerite dikes. B. Sharp contact dolerite dike - mafic pillowed flows……………...47 Figure 9.6: Interpreted schematic lithological-stratigraphic profile of the Tomboko area…………………...………..48 Figure 9.7: Structural map of the TOM-1 and TOM-2 areas…………………………………………………………..49 Figure 9.8: Photographs of typical structural features in the NW-striking shear zone systems at TOM-1……………..50 Figure 9.9: Photographs of the shear zones in TOM-1 and typical kinematic indicators………………………………51 Figure 9.10: Photographs of various features of the NE-striking and SE-dipping strike-slip shear zones……………..52 Figure 9.11: Photographs of typical kinematic indicators showing lateral dextral displacement in plan………………52 Figure 9.12: Structural interpretation of the map area showing orientation of the main stress fields…………………..54 Figure 9.13: Surface gold anomalies in the TOM-1 and TOM-2 areas………………………………………….……..55 Figure 9.14: Summary of the structural interpretation: Overlay of the Electromagnetic Time Constant…………….56 Figure 9.15: Photographs of outcrops in TOM-1 North with gold values…………………………………………….58 Figure 9.16: TOM-1 North map showing litho-geochemical sampling program in 2012 and the best gold values……59 Figure 9.17: Map of the Tomboko Property showing location of Nortec activities between 2017 and 2018……….…61 Figure 9.18: Photograph of oriented-core from TOM-1 North showing typical structural features……………….…62 Figure 9.19: Disturbed and brecciated appearance of the bedding in the turbidite rock near the shear zone…………...63 Figure 9.20: Interpreted Geological and Structural Map of the TOM-1 North Gold Deposit………………………….63 Figure 9.21: Photographs showing typical petrographic texture of the lapilli tuffs……………………………………64 Figure 9.22: Photographs showing typical petrographic texture of the ash tuffs………………………………………64 Figure 9.23: Photograph of the Trench-02 at TOM-1 North showing the Shear zone…………………………………65 Figure 9.24: Photographs of various structural features in Plan-view and in Vertical section………………….……...66 Figure 9.25: Photographs of typical structural features in the shear zone in drill core at TOM-1 North………….……67
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Figure 9.26: Photographs from drill core showing late micro-faults that offset the structure……………………..….68 Figure 9.27: Interpreted Geological and structural Cross-section of the Diamond Drilling program………………….74 Figure 9.28: Photographs of typical mineral assemblages and crosscutting relationships from TOM-1 North...…...…77 Figure 9.29: Photograph showing various types of ash tuffs…………………………………………………………..77 Figure 9.30: Photographs of different altered rocks associated gold mineralization from TOM-1 North……………78 Figure 9.31: TOM-1 North Target– 2018 termite mounds and soil geochemical sampling Program and Results…...80 Figure 9.32: TOM-1 North Target 2018 termite mounds and soil geochemical sampling Program and Best Results....81 Figure 9.33: TOM-1 North Target Altered rock chips samples showing high gold values…………………………….82 Figure 9.34: TOM-1 North Target map showing litho-geochemical sampling program………………………………83 Figure 9.35: Structural measurements west of TOM-1 North showing bedding dipping at 45o westward…….………85 Figure 9.36: TOM-1 North Target (west) Location of the DD and RAB drilling program…………………………….86 Figure 9.37: TOM-1 North Target (west) Geological Cross-section of the DD and RAB drilling programs………….87 Figure 9.40: Deposition of the Siguiri Basin sediments in a tectonically active basin…………………………….…...88 Figure 9.41: D1 deformation of the Early Eburnean Orogeny at ca 2.1 Ga, folding thrusting and shearing……..…….89 Figure 9.42: D2 deformation of the Late Eburnean Orogeny at ca 2.0 Ga and formation of the gold deposit………….90 Figure 9.43: Mesozoic reactivation and emplacement of the dolerite dyke forming the Didi Mount…………….……90 Figure 9.44: Late Post-Mesozoic brittle faulting and offset of the gold deposit……………………………………….91 Figure 9.45: Geological and Structural profile across the TOM-1 Gold deposit………………………………………91 Figure 9.46: TOM-1 South Target Location of the RAB drilling program……………………………………….……92 Figure 9.47: TOM-1 South Target Geological Cross-section of the RAB drilling program…………………………...94 Figure 9.48: TOM-2 Target Location of the RAB drilling program…………………………….……………………..95 Figure 9.49: Geological Cross-section of the RAB drilling program at TOM-2 Target……………………….………97 Figure 9.50: Location of the RAB drilling program at TOM-3 Target…………………………….………….……….98 Figure 9.51: Geological Cross-section of the RAB drilling program at TOM-3 Target……………………………….98 Figure 9.52: TOM-3 Target map showing litho-geochemical sampling program and the best gold values……………99 Figure 12.1: Fire Assay Sample preparation by SGS Bamako (Mali) …………………………………….…………105 Figure 12.2: Fire Assay Analytical method by SGS Bamako (Mali) ……………………………………..………….106 Figure 12.3: Aqua Regia Sample preparation by SGS Bamako (Mali) ……………………………………….…….107 Figure 13.1: Lab Standard SGS-ST726 control chart. Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples………………….……...113 Figure 13.2: Lab Standard SGS-ST590 control chart. Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples………………….…...…114 Figure 13.3: Lab Standard SGS-ST623 control chart. Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples………………….…...…114 Figure 13.4: Duplicate control chart for Diamond Drilling Samples………………….……………………….……..115 Figure 13.5: SGS-Blank Lab Standard control chart Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples………………….……….116 Figure 13.6: Lab Standard SGS-ST590 control chart. Aqua Regia RAB samples………………….…………..……117 Figure 13.7: Lab Standard SGS-ST726 control chart. Aqua Regia RAB samples……………………………...……117 Figure 13.8: Lab Standard SGS-ST623 control chart. Aqua Regia RAB samples……………………………..……118 Figure 13.9: Duplicate control chart for RAB Drilling Samples………………….……………………….…………119 Figure 13.10: SGS-Blank Lab Standard control chart. Aqua Regia RAB Drill Samples………………….……….…119 Figure 13.11: SGS-Blank Lab Standard control chart. Fire Assay RAB Drill Samples………………………...……120 Figure 13.12: SGS-Blank Lab Standard control chart. Leach Well Termite Drill Samples………………….…….…120 Figure 24.1: Google Earth image of Tomboko Gold Project adjacent to Siguiri gold mine…………………..………122 Figure 27.1: Recommended Phase I RC Drill Program in the TOM-1 North Target…………………….………….126 Figure 27.2: Recommended Phase I RC Drill Program in the TOM-1 North Target…………………….………….130 Figure 27.3: Recommended Phase II RC Drill Program in the TOM-1 North Target…………………….…………..132 Figure 27.4: Recommended Phase III RC Drilling Program in the TOM-1 North Target………………….………..133 Figure 27.5: Recommended Phase III RAB Drilling Program in the TOM-1 North Target…………………...……..134 Figure 27.6: Recommended RC (Cross-section) and RAB Drilling Program (Map) in TOM-2 North…………...….136 Figure 27.7: Recommended RC and RAB Drilling Program the TOM-3 North Target…………………..…….……136
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TABLES
Table 1.1: Recommended Budget for Phase I to III RC Drilling Program on TOM-1 North……………………..……13 Table 1.2: TOM-1 North Recommended Budget for the RAB Drilling Program on Tomboko……………….………14 Table 1.3: Recommended Total Budget for the RAB and RC Drilling Program on the Tomboko Property…………14 Table 4.1: Corner co-ordinates for Tomboko Permit de Recherche Minière…………………………………………..23 Table 6.1: Anomalous rock chip values reported by Wega from TOM-1………………….…………………………35 Table 9.1: Significant gold values from 2012 litho-geochemical sampling program in TOM 1 North Target…..…….58 Table 9.2: Summary of Nortec activities between 2017 and 2018 on the Tomboko Permit……………….…………..60 Table 9.3: Significant Gold Intercepts from Diamond Drilling Program at TOM-1 North Target…………………….79 Table 9.4: Significant gold values from 2017-2018 litho-geochemical sampling program in TOM 1 North………….84 Table 9.5: RAB Drilling Program at TOM-1 North (west) Target Significant Gold Intercepts……………….……….85 Table 9.6: RAB Drilling Program at TOM-1 South Target Significant Gold Intercepts………………………………92 Table 9.7: RAB Drilling Program at TOM-2 Target Significant Gold Intercepts…………………………….………94 Table 9.8: RAB Drilling Program at TOM-3 Target Significant Gold Intercepts……………………………....…….97 Table 9.9: Significant gold values from 2017-2018 litho-geochemical sampling program in TOM-3 Target……...... 99 Table 13.1: Parameters of the drilling, trenches and termite mounds QA/QC samples for different analysis-type..…112 Table 13.2: Statistical parameters for standards of Diamond drill samples analyzed by Fire Assays……………...…113 Table 13.3: Statistical parameters for duplicates of Diamond drill samples analyzed by Fire Assays……………..…115 Table 13.4: Statistical parameters for standards of RAB drill samples analyzed by Aqua Regia RAB………………116 Table 13.5: Statistical parameters for duplicates of RAB drill samples analyzed by Aqua Regia RAB………...……118 Table 27.1: Technical Parameters and Coordinates of the RC hole drilling program on TOM-1 North……………..131 Table 27.2: Recommended Budget for Phase I to III RC Drilling Program on TOM-1 North………………………137 Table 27.3: TOM-1 North Recommended Budget for the RAB Drilling Program on Tomboko……………...……...138 Table 27.4: Recommended Total Budget for the RAB and RC Drilling Program on Tomboko……………………138
PHOTOGRAPHS
Photo 5.1: Kintinian Sub-Prefecture village of Siguiri close to the Siguiri Gold Mine in Siguiri…………...…………28 Photo 9.1: The prominent high relief of the Didi Mount ……………………………...……………………………….65
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1. SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Mr. Serigne DIENG PhD AuSIMM has been mandated jointly by Alamako Corporation International and The Golden Rule Mining Inc. to prepare a National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”) compliant, Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Project located in the Siguiri Region of the Republic of Guinea.
The purpose of this report is to review and update the available historical exploration information and data, provide an assessment of the exploration potential of the Tomboko Property and recommend exploration programs and budget designed to establish and evaluate the potential of the Property to host an economic gold deposit.
The Tomboko Gold Project consists of an exploration license covering a surface area of 75.45 km² in the Siguiri Basin, North-eastern Guinea – West Africa and is granted to Alamako Corporation International SARL by decree No. A2018/5740/MMG/SGG, September 12, 2018.
Alamako Corporation International SARL (ACI) is a Guinean Private Limited Exploration and Development Company focused primarily on mining, mine development and exploration in Guinea, West Africa. The company is based in Conakry, Guinea. ACI owns 100% the Tomboko Gold Project since the recent acquisition dated on September 12, 2018. ACI is represented by Sekou Traore, Founder and President of ACI, Vice President and General Director of The Golden Rule Mining Inc.
The Golden Rule Mining Inc. (The Golden Rule) is a corporation founded in Wyoming on July 1, 2015. Its current address is 22883 Ghost Tree LN Bend, OR 97701. The Golden Rule has entered into an agreement to own 100% of Alamako Corporation International SARL’s equity in the Tomboko Gold Project. In return Alamako Corporation International SARL owns 25% of The Golden Rule’s shares in the Tomboko Gold Project. Terms and conditions are defined in that agreement between Alamako corporation International SARL and The Golden Rule. The Golden Rule is represented by James McKenzie, Chairman.
In January 11, 2017, Nortec Mineral Corp. (Nortec) signs a Letter of Intent to acquire 80% in The Golden Rule’s Tomboko Gold Project and financial interest in other properties in North-eastern Guinea, West Africa. Nortec is a Canadian Public Exploration and Development Company listed on the TSX Venture Exchange, based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and trades on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol ‘NVT”. Nortec earned a 51% interest in the Tomboko Gold Project. The Company is represented by Mohan R. Vulimiri, CEO and Chairman.
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CONCLUSIONS
The Tomboko Gold Project consists of an exploration license covering a surface area of 75.45 km² (Figure 1.1) in the Siguiri Basin, North-eastern Guinea – West Africa and is valid for the next three years.
Figure 1.1: Location of the Tomboko Gold Project and the Siguiri Gold Mine Guinea on Google Map
Successive exploration works completed by Wega, The Golden Rule and Nortec was professionally managed and procedures were consistent with generally accepted industry best practices. The exploration data from termite mounds, soil and rock geochemistry sampling and drilling are sufficiently reliable to confidently allow interpretation of the gold mineralization at TOM-1 North deposit and in TOM-2 and, planning of an extensive drilling program over existing gold anomalies in areas that have not been drill- tested in order to add additional gold mineralization that can lead to resource estimations and delineation. Early termite mounds, soil and rock geochemistry reconnaissance and follow-up surveys and first pass geological field mapping completed by Wega between 2007 and 2009 resulted in the identification of three anomalous zones of gold mineralization namely TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 Targets. Additional geological and structural field mapping and rock chip sampling over TOM-1 and TOM-2 Targets by The Golden Rule in 2012 (Dieng, 2012) determined the geological and structural setting of the area, established a conceptual structural model for the gold mineralization and identified a series of brittle- ductile shear zones that have a strong spatial correlation with the gold mineralization at surface. The NW- striking sinistral brittle-ductile fracture systems in TOM-1 and the NE-striking dextral brittle-ductile fault systems in TOM-2 control the gold mineralization in the Tomboko Prospect and are identical to structures that host the nearby Siguiri Gold Mine (Figure 1.1). Nortec undertook a first pass Diamond and RAB drill programs on these three Prospects in September 2017. At TOM-1 North Target gold mineralization were intercepted ([email protected]/t (including [email protected]/t) and [email protected]/t) over the NW-striking sinistral brittle-ductile fracture systems. At TOM-2, RAB drilling over
Alamako Corporation International Page 9 of 158 Independent Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Prospect the NE-striking brittle-ductile dextral strike-slip fault systems intercepted [email protected]/t (including [email protected]/t) and [email protected]/t. Detail structural logging on the TOM-1 drill cores in June 2018 demonstrated that the TOM-1 North gold deposit is hosted in faulted and sheared contact between volcano-clastic successions of lapilli and ash tuffs and suggested that the gold mineralization is structurally-controlled and occurs in deformed zones of large and highly hydrothermally altered, NNW-striking, ENE-steeply-dipping, structural corridors that contain a complex network of extensional dilation fracture systems. New high grade gold mineralization from outcrops and termite mounds survey show a possible northern extension of the deposit over 1.5 km. The Tomboko Gold Project is part to the Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Siguiri Basin, in the Birimian Super group of West Africa that host several multi-million-ounce gold deposits in operation (SAG at Siguiri operated by AngloGold -Ashanti and Lero at Lefa operated by Nordgold), one smaller gold mine at Kéniéro. Geological and structural relationships, petrographic and alteration assemblage demonstrate that the Tomboko gold deposit is a Mesothermal shear-zone-controlled, Orogenic-type gold mineralization, hosted in greenstone folded and faulted volcanoclastic successions. The structural evolution of the deposit as well as the gold mineralization style is identical to the nearby +8 Moz SAG Gold Deposit operated by AngloGold-Ashanti. The Tomboko Property can therefore, be considered as very prospective terrane to host an economic gold deposit considering that aggressive exploration works including extensive drilling program will continue to further define and delineate additional gold mineralization.
RECOMMENDATIONS Recommended Exploration Program in the Tomboko Property
The following recommendations for additional exploration works on the Tomboko Property are proposed. Different drilling phase programs are recommended to advance each of the Targets within the Tomboko Property. The budget is estimated for each drilling phase and is for the proposed field costs, administrative costs, logistics and contractors, but do not include any capital expenditures or corporate management. TOM-1 North Target The proposed Phases I to III drill programs will be confined to Reverse Circulation drilling (RC) to test and expand the actual TOM-1 North deposit and the immediate northern extension. The Phase I will test the interpreted structural model of the deposit while the Phases II and III are based on the positive termite mounds and rock geochemistry results that define new targets north of the actual deposit. A RAB drill program is recommended for the phase IV to test others surface termite mounds gold anomalies within the TOM-1 North zone in order to identify additional targets with potential mineralization for resource expansion and discovery of new zones of mineralization. The Phase I to IV program maps and sections and budgets recommended are shown in Figures 27.1 to 27.7 and in Tables 1.1 and 1.2 and are based on the following objectives. Phase I RC Drilling Program Objectives The detailed structural and geological logging and structural interpretation and modelling on the diamond drill-tested TOM-1 North deposit undertaken by Nortec in June 2018 resulted in a coherent and
Alamako Corporation International Page 10 of 158 Independent Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Prospect comprehensible new geological and structural model that gives a better understanding of the structural setting and the style of the gold mineralization and re-orient further drilling programs. The Phase I RC drilling program objectives are therefore, to: . Test the proposed geological and structural model of the gold deposit (Figure 1.2) . Test a strike length of 600 meters over the interpreted mineralized structure . define and delineate laterally and down dip the gold deposit within the interpreted structure . 12 fences spacing 50 meters apart . 2 RC holes for each fence totalizing 3,600 meters. Holes are oriented north-east, inclined 50o and depth varying between 175 to 80 meters Important Note. Access is very difficult on the hanging-wall site of the gold structure (slope is steep and presence of blocks of dolerite) justifying holes oriented eastward instead of westward.
Figure 1.2: TOM-1 North X-Section Line 750N: DD Results and Recommended Phase I RC Drill Program
Phase II RC Drilling Program Objectives The Phase II RC drilling program is not dependent on the outcome from Phase I program and is intended to test new targets immediately north of the actual deposit that were discovered during the 2018 exploration works with high gold grade in rock chips and in termite mounds. The new discovered target extends over 1.5 km north of the actual deposit. The key exploration objectives to be addressed include:
. Test the most favourable termite mounds and rock geochemistry targets north of the actual deposit . Test a strike length of 1 km over high gold grade in termite mounds and rock chips . 9 fences spacing 100 meters apart on a drilling grid of 100x50 meters . 3 to 4 RC holes of 100 meters deep for each fence totalizing 3,000 meters.
Phase III RC Drilling Program Objectives The Phase III program is dependent on the outcome from the Phase II program and will be implemented only if results of Phase II are positives. The key exploration objectives of this program include: . RC infill drilling program to convert inferred resources into indicated resources . Test a strike length of 1 km after interpretation of the northern extension of the structure in Phase I . 9 fences spacing 100 meters apart
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. 3 to 4 RC holes of 100 meters for each fence totalizing 3,000 meters. Phase IV RAB Drilling Program Objectives The Phase IV RAB drilling program in TOM-1 North Target is intended to test the northern termite mounds and soil geochemistry anomalies discovered during the 2018 infill geochemistry sampling. The main objective is to develop a new Target zone which may warrant further drilling program. The proposed drill program will be confined to RAB drilling to test the most favorable termite mounds anomaly. The author recommends 5 fences spacing 200 to 300 meters apart. 5 to 6 RAB holes of 30 to 40 meters deep for each fence totalizing 1,000 meters. TOM-2 Target The recommended drilling program on the TOM-2 Target aims to test the northern extension of the mineralization intercepted in Line 1,000 N ([email protected]/t from 3m including [email protected]/t and [email protected]/t) (Figure 1.3) and numerous others clusters of termite mounds geochemistry anomalies containing high gold grade that have not been drill-tested. The objective will be to develop new drill target zones within the TOM-2 Prospect that can justify further extensive RC drilling programs and add more resources. The proposed RAB drill program aims to better define the extension north of the mineralization in Line 1,000 N and to test the most favorable termite mounds anomaly containing high gold grade. The writer recommends 9 fences spacing 200 to 300 meters apart. 6 to 20 RAB holes of 30 to 40 meters deep for each fence totalizing 3000 meters. 2 RC holes are recommended to explore the down-deep extension of the gold mineralization intercepted in Line 1,000N (Figure 1.3)
Figure 1.3: TOM-2 North Geological X-section Line 1,000N, RAB Results and Recommended RC Program
TOM-3 Target The recommended drilling program on the TOM-3 Target tests numerous clusters of termite mounds geochemistry anomalies containing high gold grade at or near the contact between interpreted intrusive rock and the sediments. These anomalies have not been drill-tested in the previous drilling program. The objective will be to develop new drill target zones within the TOM-3 Prospect that can add more resources.
The author proposes 5 fences spacing 200 to 300 meters apart. 4 to 10 RAB holes of 30 to 40 meters deep for each fence totalizing 1,000 meters.
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Recommended Exploration Budget for the RC Drilling Program: 9,600 meters
Phase I. RC Drilling Program: 3,600 meters
Expense Descriptions Details Budget Phase (US$) Salaries, Supervision & Benefits $34,000 / Month 136,000 Assay charges 4,000 Sample + Transport 52,000 Diesel / Fuel Drilling 1,000 l fuel/day 30,000 Contractors & Earthwork 55$/meter 198,000 Drilling Platforms (Contractor + Fuel) 1,000$ + 400l/fuel day 75,000 Pick up Rental 125$ / day (2 Pickup) 30,000 Camp Food Repair and Maintenance 5,000$/Month 20,000 Travel, Furniture, Software, office and Lab supplies etc.… 14,000 TOTAL 555,000 US$
Phase II. RC Drilling Program: 3,000 meters
Salaries, Supervision & Benefits 34,000$ / Month 136,000 Assay charges 3,300 Sample + Transport 42,000 Diesel / Fuel Drilling 1,000l fuel/day 30,000 Contractors & Earthwork 55$/meter 165,000 Drilling Platforms (Contractor + Fuel) 1,000$ + 400l/fuel / day 70,000 Pick up Rental 125$ / day (2 Pickup) 30,000 Camp Food Repair and Maintenance 5,000$/Month 20,000 Travel, Furniture, Software, office and Lab supplies etc.… 7,000 TOTAL 500,000 US$
Phase III. RC Drilling Program: 3,000 meters
Salaries, Supervision & Benefits 34,000$ / Month 136,000 Assay charges 3300 Sample + Transport 42,000 Diesel / Fuel Drilling 1,000l fuel/day 30,000 Contractors & Earthwork 55$/meter 165,000 Drilling Platforms (Contractor + Fuel) 1,000$ + 400l/fuel / day 70,000 Pick up Rental 125$ / day (2 Pickup) 30,000 Camp Food Repair and Maintenance 5,000$/Month 20,000
Travel, Furniture, Software, office and Lab supplies etc.… 7,000
TOTAL 500,000 US$
TOTAL BUDGET Phase I to III 1.550,000.00 US$
Table 1.1: Recommended Budget for Phases I to III RC Drilling Program on TOM-1 North
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Recommended Exploration Budget for the RAB Drilling Program: 5,000 meters . Phase IV. TOM-1 North……… 1,000 meters . TOM-2 ……………………….. 3,000 meters . TOM-3…………………………1,000 meters
Expense Descriptions Details Budget Phase 1 (US$) Assay charges 5,500 Samples + Transport 70,000
Diesel / Fuel Drilling 250l fuel/day 15,000
Contractors & Earthwork 15$ / meter +others charges 100,000 Drilling Platforms (Contractor + Fuel) 1,000$ + 400l/fuel day / T=10km 75,000
Pick up Rental 125$ / day (2 Pickup) 15,000
TOTAL 275,000 US$
Table 1.2: TOM-1 North Recommended Budget for the RAB Drilling Program on Tomboko
The following Table display the exploration program Gantt Chart, the proposed budget and the timeline
Timing Q4 2018 Q1 - Q2 2019 Q2 - Q3 2019 RC Drilling Program Projects Program RC (meters) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept 3,600 meters RC Phase I 3,600 Total Budget: US$555.000 3,000 meters RC TOM-1 North Phase II 3,000 Total Budget: US$500.000 3,000 meters RC Phase III 3,000 Total Budget: US$500.000 Data compilation and reporting Total Drilling 9,600
RAB Drilling Program RAB (meters)
TOM-1 North 1,000 1000 m
TOM-2 3,000 3000m
TOM-3 1,000 1000m Data compilation and reporting Total Drilling 5,000 RESOURCES ESTIMATIONS Total RC and RAB Budget $ 1.875.000 US
Table 1.3: Recommended Total Budget for the RAB and RC Drilling Program on the Tomboko Property
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TECHNICAL SUMMARY
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION, LOCATION AND LAND TENURE
The Republic of Guinea is located in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea and shares borders with Guinea Bissau to the west, Senegal and Mali to the north, and Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia and Sierra Leone to the south east (Figure 1.4). To the southwest is the Atlantic Ocean. Guinea has a total land area of approximately 245,860 km². Guinea’s capital city, Conakry, is located on the coast.
The Tomboko Gold Project is located in the North-eastern area of the Republic of Guinea, geographically known as “Haute Guinée” (Upper Guinea) and is within the administrative region of Kankan and the Prefecture of Siguiri and immediately west of the Siguiri Gold Mine operated by AngloGold-Ashanti.
The Tomboko Gold Project is owned 100% by ACI. The Golden Rule has entered into an agreement to own 100% of ACI’ Equity in the Tomboko Gold Project. Nortec earned a 51% interest of Tomboko. The Tomboko Permit is in good standing as of the effective date of this Report.
Tomboko Gold Project
Figure 1.4: Location of the Tomboko Gold Project (Red rectangle) within Guinea
The Tomboko Permit was held by HKD International Trade and Mining SARL (“HKD”), a company registered in Guinea. The Tomboko Permit was renewed for twelve months in July 2017.
In 2007, HKD signed an agreement with Wega Mining Guinée SARL (“Wega”) to provide funding for mineral exploration on the Permit. Wega withdrew from this agreement in 2009 due to financial constraints.
In 2009, HKD was granted a small scale mining lease within the Tomboko Permit and signed an agreement with The Golden Rule (The Golden Rule) to finance their exploitation operations. The small scale mining lease expired in June 2015 and subsequently The Golden Rule acquired 100% control of HKD.
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The Golden Rule and Nortec signed an Option Agreement in 2017 whereby Nortec can acquire an 80% interest in the Tomboko Property thorough a staged funding of exploration activities over a three-year period. Nortec will also earn an 80% interest in The Golden Rule's minority financial interests in other exploration licenses located in Guinea. On 18th July 2018, the legal status of the Tomboko Permit reached a point at which there is no legal possibility for a new extension for HKD.
On September 2018, the Ministry of Mines granted the Tomboko “Permit de Recherche Minière” to ACI by decree No. A2018/5740/MMG/SGG, September 12, 2018
GEOLOGY
Regional Geology of Northeastern Guinea
The geology of North-eastern Guinea is dominated by Birimian aged sedimentary rocks referred to as the Siguiri Basin. The Siguiri Basin covers much of northeast Guinea and southern Mali and hosts several operating gold mines. The Tomboko Permit is located in the northwestern corner of the Siguiri Basin.
The Siguiri Basin represents a paleo-marine environment filled with turbidite sediments, pelites, sandstones, and subordinate black, argillaceous schists. The top of the sequence comprises dolomitic limestone and acidic volcanic. Whereas the base of the volcano-sedimentary sequence, particularly along the southern rim of the Siguiri Basin, is characterized by more altered and migmatized units (Figure 1.5).
Tomboko Gold Project
Figure 1.5: Geological Map of the Siguiri Basin showing the Major Gold Deposit (from Mamedov et al., 2010)
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Property Geology Three principal lithologies are identified within the Permit area: Early Paleoproterozoic Basin Sedimentary and Volcano Sedimentary Rocks . Turbidite sequence of the Siguiri Basin sedimentary rocks composed of alternating coarse-grained sandstone and fine-grained siltstone layers. . Volcanoclastic successions composed of interbedded ash and lapilli tuffs. . Mafic volcanic flows with a characteristic pillow-shaped structures Late Paleoproterozoic Intrusive Rocks Calco-alkaline granite dykes outcropping south of the Property along prominent ENE structural trend and resulted from magmatism of multi-phase tectonism during the Birimian Orogeny. Mesozoic Intrusive Rocks Vertical to sub-vertical, undeformed dolerite dikes forming the prominent high relief of the Mount Didi.
STRUCTURES Early Paleoproterozoic Basin sedimentary and volcano sedimentary rocks were affected by multi-phase tectonism during the Birimian Orogeny resulting in the folding, thrusting and faulting of rocks during the first phase deformation D1 at 2.1 Ga. The second phase deformation D2 occurred at 2.0 Ga and resulted in the formation of NNW-striking and NE-striking brittle-ductile strike-slip shear zones that control the gold mineralization in the Tomboko Property (Dieng, 2012). These shear zones are the major structures that control and host major gold deposits in the Siguiri Basin.
MINERALIZATION Gold mineralization in the Tomboko Property is structurally-controlled and is hosted in faulted and sheared contact between volcano-clastic successions of lapilli and ash tuffs and in coarse-grained sandstone of the sedimentary sequence. At Tomboko these zones form large and highly quartz-chlorite-carbonate-sulphide hydrothermally altered, NNW-striking, ENE-steeply-dipping, structural corridors that contain a complex network of extensional dilation fracture systems containing the gold mineralization. This style and control of gold mineralization is identical to most of deposits in the Siguiri region. Alluvial gold deposits along paleo-river of Tertiary age are widespread in the Siguiri area and resulted from the destabilization, transport and deposition of the primary gold mineralization. These Paleo-placers are extensively mines by local population in the Tomboko Property. EXPLORATION
Successive exploration works was completed by Wega, The Golden Rule and Nortec between 2007 to 2018 in the Tomboko Property. Regional and infill termite mounds and soil geochemical surveys and a series of field mapping campaigns were completed between 2007 and 2012 by Wega and The Golden Rule, resulting in the demarcation of three prospective areas (TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 Targets) within the Tomboko Permit. In 2017, Nortec undertook the first diamond drilling and RAB drilling in the Tomboko Property to test these targets.
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Exploration Works Completed by Wega
A reconnaissance geochemical soil sampling program was completed in 2007. It covered the entire Permit on a grid pattern of 1,000 x 80 meter from which, a total of 1,105 soil and termite mounds samples were collected. Samples collected from termite mounds or soil returned assay values ranging between 5 and 1,210 ppb gold. Wega used Landsat imagery to create a lineament interpretation of the Tomboko Permit. They observed that the intersections of lineaments often coincide with anomalous gold values.
An infill geochemical soil sampling program was undertaken by Wega in 2008. It covered most of the Permit on a grid of 200 x 40 meters from which, 8,641 samples were collected from soil and termite mounds. The 2008 survey confirmed gold anomalies in the western portion of the Permit and produced the highest gold value of 7,032 ppb. From this follow-up survey three anomaly zones (TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 Targets) were outlined (Figure 1.6) and shall be subjected to future exploration works.
A program of field mapping and rock chip collection was undertaken over TOM-1 and TOM-2 in 2009 to produce a litho-geomorphological map at the scale of 1/5,000 of the western portion of the Permit. A zone of high grade rock chip samples was identified within the northeast corner of TOM-1.
Exploration Works Completed by The Golden Rule
In March 2012, a detailed geological and structural mapping program was undertaken over the western portion of Tomboko (Figure 1.6) to improve the company’s understanding of surface gold anomalies and high rock chip sample values identified in earlier fieldwork (Dieng, 2012). This program provided a good understanding of the geological and structural setting of the area and developed a sequence stratigraphic framework of the area. Encouraging rock chip values were reported from areas of interpreted NW-SE- trending shear zones.
Exploration Works Completed by Nortec
In September 2017, Nortec initiated the first drilling program on the Tomboko Property. Nortec completed a Diamond drill and Rotary Air Blast (RAB) programs on the TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 Targets (Figure 1.6) Diamond drill were focused on TOM-1 North where high grade gold in rocks were discovered while a RAB drill program was focused to test surface gold anomalies in TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3. At TOM-1 North gold mineralization were intercepted ([email protected]/t (incl. [email protected]/t) and [email protected]/t) over the NW-striking sinistral fracture systems. At TOM-2, RAB drilling over the NE-striking brittle-ductile dextral fault systems intercepted [email protected]/t (incl. [email protected]/t) and [email protected]/t.
In June 2018, detail structural logging on the TOM-1 drill cores demonstrated that the TOM-1 North deposit is hosted in faulted and sheared contact between volcano-clastic successions of lapilli and ash tuffs and suggested that the gold mineralization is structurally-controlled and occurs in deformed zones of highly hydrothermally altered, NNW-striking, ENE-steeply-dipping, structural corridors that contain a complex network of extensional dilation fracture systems. New high grade gold mineralization from outcrops (e.g. 21.4g/t, 13.1g/t, 12.8g/t, 8.87g/t, 6.8g/t) and in termite mounds (e.g. 3,5g/t, 3,1g/t 1.9g/t) immediately north of the actual drill-tested zone show a possible northern extension of the deposit over 1.5 km.
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Termite Geochemistry Au ppb
DDH Holes Trench RAB Holes
Infill Termite Geochemistry Survey
Figure 1.6: Geological map of the Tomboko Gold Project and Exploration Works Completed
MINERAL RESOURCES
As of the date of this Report, there are no Mineral Resources for this project.
DEVELOPMENT
As of the date of this Report, there are no Mineral Reserves relating to primary gold deposits for the Tomboko Gold Project.
OPERATIONS
In May 2010, HKD obtained a semi industrial exploitation permit to extract, at a small scale, gold bearing gravel which was defined by artisanal mining activity within the Tomboko permit
This mining permit expired in 2015 and mining operations have been terminated.
ENVIRONMENT
The writer is not aware of any environmental liabilities for the Property.
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2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 Preparation This Technical Report Update has been prepared at the request of ACI. This report has been prepared in conformance with the Canadian Securities Administrator National Instrument 43-101, Companion Policy 43-101CP and form 43-101F1 (NI 43101) for the Tomboko Gold Project in The Siguiri Prefecture of northeast Guinea, West Africa. The Qualified Persons responsible for the preparation of this report are Mohan R. Vulimiri, M.Sc. P.Geo., CEO and Chairman for Nortec, and Serigne Dieng PhD AuSIMM the main author and responsible for the overall preparation of this report. This report is prepared on behalf of ACI for submission to Canadian Provincial Securities agencies. This report is intended as an update of the Independent Technical Report completed by SEMS Exploration Services Ltd., in October 2017.
2.2 Purpose of the Report The most recent technical report for the Tomboko Gold Project was filed by SEMS Exploration Services Ltd., in October 2017. Since, Nortec took over the exploration activities in 2017, the company has mainly focused on the following exploration activities: . Diamond drill program in TOM-1 North where high grade gold in rocks were discovered during the 2009 and 2012 exploration program . RAB program on TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 to test the best surface gold anomalies in the Property . Termites, soil and rocks geochemistry over the interpreted mineralized structure at TOM-1 North . Detailed core logging structural modelling and interpretation of the TOM-1 North deposit Nortec obtained very encouraging results from the DD and RAB drilling programs and high grade gold was returned from the termite mounds, soil and rock geochemistry sampling in TOM-1 North. The detailed core logging and structural and geological modelling and interpretation of the TOM-1 North deposit led to a better understanding of the geological and structural setting of the gold deposit and demonstrate that the Tomboko Property is a very prospective terrane and has a high potential for hosting an economic gold mineralization. The propose of this report is to compile and update all this technical information in a text format compliant to the N43-101 of the Canadian Commission Securities in order to evaluate the gold potential in the Tomboko Gold Property and to provide recommendations for future exploration works. 2.3 Source of Information and Data The writer has been directly involved in the planning and the execution of the exploration programs between 2007 and 2008 (as Exploration Manager for Wega), in 2012 (as geologist consultant for The Golden Rule) and since June 2018 (as geologist consultant for Nortec) and confirms that the data presented in this report is correct. The writer assumes and believes the project data provided is similarly, accurate and correct and is therefore relied upon for preparation of this report. The author’s interpretations and opinions expressed in this report are based on the original historical information from the companies’ previous independent technical reports along with his extensive long experience in West Africa, and in particular in Guinea.
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3. RELIANCE UPON OTHER EXPERTS
In the preparation of this Technical Report Update, the writer has relied on the opinion and content of several Technical Reports prepared by Qualified Persons including the Independent Technical Report (2012) prepared by Denis Bray (P. Geo), Country Manager of Wega from 2007 to 2009 and the Independent Technical Report (2017) prepared by Simon Meadows Smith (FIMMM) Managing Director of SEMS Exploration Services Ltd. The writer has relied also on internal technical reports from the different companies and assay results from the different laboratories. Tenure documents were provided by Sekou Cheick Traore, Founder and President of ACI, Vice President and General Director of The Golden Rule.
It is the writer’s opinion that the results stated in these previous Technical Reports are representative, accurate, and consistent with industry standards for, at least, preliminary exploration evaluation analysis, and accept them as such. Conclusions in this report are consistent with the level of detail of the studies carried out and based on the information available at the time this report was completed. This report summarizes the professional opinion of the writer and is effective as of 30th October 2018.
The author is not expert in legal nor mineral tenure matters relating to mineral properties in Guinea and has relied upon experience in other francophone West African countries to guide interpretation of Permit documents.
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4. PROPRIETY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION 4.1 Location
The Tomboko Gold Property is located in North-eastern of the Republic of Guinea, geographically known as “Haute Guinée” (Upper Guinea) and is within the Kintinian Sub-Prefecture and the Prefecture of Siguiri (Figure 4.1). The Property lies about 125 km to the NNW of the regional capital, Kankan, and 45 km to the west of the Prefecture of Siguiri (Figure 4.1). The Siguiri Gold Mine of AngloGold Ashanti’s local company, Societe Ashanti Goldfields of Guinee SA (“SAG”), lies immediately to the east of the Permit.
Figure 4.1: Tomboko Permit (red rectangle) within the Kintinian Sub-Prefecture (green), Siguiri Prefecture (yellow) and Region of Kankan (yellow cream)
4.2 Property Description and Ownership The Tomboko Gold Project comprises one mineral exploration license (“Permis de Recherche Minière”) for gold and associated minerals which covers an area of 75.45km² (Figure 4.2) and is owned 100% by ACI. The Golden Rule has entered into an agreement to own 100% of ACI’ Equity in the Tomboko Gold Project, terms and conditions are defined in that agreement between ACI and The Golden Rule. 4.2.1 Exploration Permit The Tomboko “Permit de Recherche Minière” was granted on 7th December 2005 to HKD by decree A2005/5924/DIM/CPDM. The Permit covered a surface area of 198 km² and was valid for three years’ renewable.
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The following year, on 27th December 2006, the Ministry of Mines in Guinea reduced the surface area of the Tomboko Permit to provide the Siguiri Gold Mine with additional ground for construction of a tailings dam. The revised Tomboko “Permit de Recherche Minière” was defined by decree A7151/MM/SSG and covered a surface area of 102 km². The Mining Code of Guinea allows for a “Permis de Recherche Minière” to be renewed twice for durations of three years each at which time the owner must relinquish 50% of the Permit area to the government. An exploration Permits for gold and associated minerals, therefore, may have a nine-year life span. In December 2009, the Tomboko Permit was renewed for a further three-year period without a reduction in surface area. The Permit area was maintained at 102 km² due to the forced reduction in Permit size in 2006. In December 2012, the Tomboko Permit was renewed for a further three-year period and the Permit’s surface area was reduced to 76 km² (APPENDIX) On 5th August 2016 the Ministry of Mines granted HKD an extension of the Tomboko “Permit de Recherche Minière” for twelve months (APPENDIX). On 19th July 2017, the Ministry of Mines granted HKD a second extension of the Tomboko Permit for twelve months. The current Permit is defined by Arrête A2017/3199/MMG/SGG covering a surface area of 76 km² and was valid until 18th July 2018 (APPENDIX). On 18th July 2018, the legal status of the Tomboko Permit reached a point at which there is no legal possibility for a new extension for HKD.
On September 2018, the Ministry of Mines granted the Tomboko “Permit de Recherche Minière” to ACI by decree No. A2018/5740/MMG/SGG, September 12, 2018 (APPENDIX). The Permit cover a surface area of 75.45 km² and is valid for three years’ renewable. The Tomboko Permit is valid and its correct outline is recoded on the Ministry’s mineral cadastral of the Ministry of Mines. Table 1 shows the corner points of the new Tomboko Permit as of the effective date of this report.
Latitude (North) Longitude (West) Point Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec. 1 11 32 24.68 -09 28 22.59 2 11 29 57.92 -09 30 17.19
3 11 29 57.25 -09 31 4.07 4 11 29 59.85 -09 31 4.10 5 11 29 59.75 -09 34 59.06 6 11 33 44.47 -09 34 59.16 7 11 33 44.52 -09 28 21.92
Table 4.1: Corner co-ordinates for Tomboko “Permit de Recherche Minière” as of September 12, 2018
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Tomboko Propriety
Figure 4.2: The Tomboko “Permit de Recherche Minière” (red shading) as displayed in the Mining Cadastral records. Latitude and Longitude WGS84
4.2.2 Mining Lease On 23rd June 2010, HKD was granted an exploitation lease, “Permis d’Exploitation Minière, Semi Industrielle”, to extract, at a small scale, the gold bearing alluvial gravels from a 1.66 km² area in the southern central portion of the Tomboko Permit (Figure 4.3). The Permit was valid for five years. On 21st December 2016 the “Minister des Mines et de la Géologie” signed Arrête No. A2016/7623/MMG/SGG which, confirmed that the Permit Exploitation expired on 22nd June 2015 and that all rights relating to the exploitation of minerals returned to the State.
Figure 4.3: The Tomboko (“Permit de Recherche Minière” (red outline) and the Expired Exploitation Lease (magenta outline), Latitude and Longitude, WGS84
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4.2.3 Ownership The Tomboko Permit was granted to HKD in December 2005. In 2007, HKD signed an agreement with Wega to finance mineral exploration on the Tomboko Gold Project. This agreement lasted for two years at which time Wega withdrew from the partnership due to a lack of funds. HKD maintained 100% ownership of the Tomboko Permit. In 2009, HKD signed an agreement with The Golden Rule to fund a small scale alluvial gold mining project situated within the “Permis d’Exploitation Minière, Semi Industrielle” located in the southern half of the Tomboko Permit. The Golden Rule was founded in 2009 and is based in Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The funding agreement between The Golden Rule and HKD resulted in The Golden Rule acquiring a 90% ownership of HKD as described in the “Convention de Cession de Parts” signed by the shareholders of HKD and The Golden Rule on 17th October 2013. The remaining 10% of HKD is held by Mr Lamarana Diallo and Mr Wilhelm Klinger (deceased). It was later agreed between the three shareholders that The Golden Rule owns 100% of the legal and beneficial rights, title and interest in the Tomboko Gold Project. On 10th January 2017 Nortec entered into an Option Agreement with The Golden Rule to acquire an 80% interest in the Tomboko Gold Property. This agreement was subsequently amended on 15th June 2017 to extend the deadline relating to work commitments required for Nortec. As of the date of this report, Nortec must complete work commitments on the Tomboko Permit in three phases before December 2019 to fulfil the terms of the Option Agreement. The three phases are as follows: Phase One: advanced exploration – January 15th, 2017 to December 31st, 2017. The Phase One program will consist of diamond drilling and the compilation of an NI43-101 Technical Report for a financial commitment of no less than USD500,000. Upon completion of Phase One, Nortec will have earnt 25% interest in the Tomboko Gold Project. Phase Two: advance exploration – January 1st, 2018 to December 31st 2018 delineating and expanding intersections from Phase One and metallurgical test work for a financial commitment of no less than USD 500,000. Upon completion of Phase Two, Nortec will have earnt 51% interest in the Tomboko Gold Project. Phases Three & Four: advanced exploration – January 1st 2019 to December 31st 2019 mineral resource definition drilling and the compilation of a Pre-Feasibility Technical Report categorizing mineral resources and various mining scenarios for a financial commitment of no less than USD 2,500,000. Upon completion of Phase Three and Four, Nortec will have earnt 80% interest in the Tomboko Gold Project.
On 18th July 2018, the legal status of the Tomboko Permit reached a point at which, there is no legal possibility for a new extension for HKD.
On September 2018, the Tomboko Property was granted to ACI by decree No. A2018/5740/ MMG/SGG, September 12, 2018. The Golden Rule has entered into an agreement to own 100% of ACI’ Equity in the Tomboko Project, terms and conditions are defined in that agreement between ACI and The Golden Rule.
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4.3 Ownership Obligations
ACI is obligated to propose exploration programs and expenditures for review and approval by the “Centre de Promotion et de Development Miniers” (“C.P.D.M.”), a department of the Ministry of Mines and Geology, for the newly granted Tomboko Property. Work and budget proposals are prepared for submittal; once approved by the C.P.D.M. These become part of ACI obligations for the Tomboko Property. Additional obligations include payment of annual surface taxes; this is a relatively minor cost item.
4.3.1 Government Participation
Upon the granting of a large scale Exploitation Permit within the Tomboko Gold Project, the Government of Guinea will be entitled to 15% ownership of the “Permis Exploitation”. ACI retains 85%. The ownership of the Tomboko “Permit d’ Exploitation” will therefore be:
Government of Guinea…….15% ACI ………………………...85%
4.3.2 Royalties and Encumbrances
The new Arrête No. A2018/5740/ MMG/SGG, which granted the Tomboko Permit for three years, states that ACI is required to complete the company’s proposed work program within the three years’ period. This is clearly stated in Article 5 of the Permit document as follows:
“ACI is obliged to execute, in accordance with the mining regulations in force, its program of work and the budget relating to exploration being one million eight hundred twenty-five thousand US dollars (US$1.825M). This budget is in preparation for submittal for examination and approval by the CPDM”.
It further states that: “The continuation of the work and the execution of this budget must take place within a maximum period of six months from the date of signature of the present Permit. The Company, ACI shall ensure that the funds necessary for the normal and uninterrupted execution of the work are always available in Guinea and are usable for the exploration project mentioned above”.
4.4 Environmental Liabilities
There are no known environmental liabilities relating to the Tomboko “Permit de Recherche Minière”.
The Arrête No. A2016/7623/MMG/SGG clearly states that the Tomboko “Permit exploitation Minière, Semi Industrielle” has expired and that all rights relating to that Permit return to the government. It is therefore understood that HKD is not liable for any environmental or rehabilitation responsibilities relating to the historic mining lease.
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5. ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURES AND PHYSIOGRAPHY 5.1 Accessibility The most convenient access point from outside of Africa to the Project sites is by way of Bamako (Figure 5.1), the capital of Mali. Bamako has an international airport with daily flights to and from Europe. Highway RN5, a good quality paved road, provides access from Bamako to the nearest border crossing into Guinea at Kouremale located 115 km west of Bamako. The road distance is approximately 150 km with a travel time of about 2.0 hours. Within Guinea Highway N.6 provides access from the Guinea-Mali border at Kouremale to the town of Siguiri. The distance is approximately 85 km over a good paved highway taking about 1.0 hour to drive. The Tomboko Property lies within a distance of 45 km from the town of Siguiri. Access to the Project is made easy as SAG maintains a graded road in good condition from the town of Siguiri to the mine tailings pond located at the East limit of the Project. From there, local access into the Property is over narrow dirt tracks. Use of a 4-wheel drive vehicle is required.
Figure 5.1: Guinea Administrative Regions and Main Access Road to the Tomboko Gold Project
Within Guinea there is road access across the length of the country from Conakry (Figure 5.1), the capital of Guinea to Siguiri, but the distance is long and the drive arduous. Conakry has an international airport with daily flights to and from Europe.
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5.2 Climate
The Siguiri Region of North-eastern Guinea sits between 9o and 12o north of the equator. The climate is tropical with a relatively high and uniform temperature averaging 27oC and ranging between an average maximum of 37oC and average minimum of 21oC. There is a rainy season extending from June to October with annual rainfall of 1,200 mm, and a dry season from November to May.
Exploration activities are normally curtailed or stopped from July to October because the rainy season creates road access problems. At Tomboko some works in the wet season could be done if local road access is maintained during the rainy season. Climatic conditions would Permit mining activities all year.
Photo 5.1: Kintinian Sub-Prefecture close to the Siguiri Gold Mine in Siguiri
5.3 Local Resources
The town of Siguiri with a population of 25,000 to 30,000 people should be able to fulfill many of the needs to support exploration activities for the Tomboko Gold Project; it is also the closest population center to AngloGold Ashanti’s nearby Siguiri Gold Mine.
The closest source for industrial materials and services for northeast Guinea is Mali’s capital city, Bamako.
Guinea, as a country, has a number of industrial-scale gold mines and several large bauxite and iron mines providing the country which has allowed development of a small work force with the requisite mining industry skills. Given a healthy mining sector there may be a shortage of engineers, geologists, technicians and trained equipment operators. A large unskilled labor force is available.
5.4 Infrastructure
The town of Siguiri and the SAG mining operation at Kintinian, offer a wide range of services, including drilling contractors, heavy equipment contractors and an experienced work force. Skilled and semi-skilled labor is available locally and most staffing needs for the company can be met with Guinean nationals that have worked on gold mining and exploration projects throughout northeast Guinea. Unskilled labor is
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The town of Siguiri has two modern hotels and large market from which, most camp supplies can be procured. There is also an airport which is used by charter planes.
5.5 Physiography
The Tomboko gold project is situated in a relatively low-lying savannah cut by intermittent streams. Elevations within the Project ranges from 340 m ASL (above sea level) along the flood basins of the main rivers to 811 m ASL in the NW corner of the Permit which is the summit of Mont Didi (Figure 5.2).
The Tinkisso River flows about 10 km south of the Permit border. It reaches up to 500 m wide in places and flows eastward, in a meandering way, into the Niger River a few kilometers from Siguiri. The Niger River flows throughout the year and is the main source of water for the SAG mine.
Figure 5.2: Topography of the Tomboko Permit, latitude and longitude, WGS84
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6. HISTORY
6.1 History of the Gold Mining in North-east Guinea
The gold mining in the Siguiri Basin of the Lower Proterozoic (Birimian) in West Africa dates back to prehistoric time. Guinea occupies what was formally known as the Asante Kotoko Kingdom. The Kingdom was known for producing gold that was exchanged during the great Trans-Saharan Trade. It is believed that ancient Buré Goldfields from the prehistoric times cover most of North-eastern Guinea and South-west Mali that hosts both the Tongoro Gold Mine in Mali and the Siguiri Gold Mine in Guinea.
It is actually believed that the name Guinea was derived from the slang word ‘guinea’ used to refer to gold producing regions in West Africa in the 15th century. It is estimated that between 90 and 125 tonnes of gold have been extracted in this territory of West Africa. The first records of modern mining activity in Guinea date back to 1903, whereas the first mechanized mining operation is recorded in 1909, when a stretch of the Tinkisso River was dredged for alluvial gold. The Siguiri area has been quite prolific as it is reported that between 957 and 3,752kg of gold was produced annually between 1931 and 1951. Compilation of the artisanal mining in the Siguiri area indicates that, in 1954, 275 kg of gold was produced which, means an average ore grade of 4gAu/t.
In 1959 and 1960, the high grade quartz veins in the Banora zone (near Lero Deposit) was discovered and was the first recorded hard rock mining in the Siguiri Basin. Throughout the 20th century various exploration and mining operations were undertaken by Australian, French and Russian companies in close proximity to the present Siguiri Mining Complex (Paranhos, 2008).
The interest of the Koron and Didi placer deposit (near the Tomboko Gold Project) started in 1981 with the work of a Swiss company (Chevanin Mining & Exploration Co Ltd) and a Canadian group (SOMIC). In 1988, following this first exploration work, a mining group (SAG, UMEX and Pancontinental) did an extensive exploration program and finally brought the project to production. Production of gold peaked at 1,113kg in 1992 and closed in the same year. It is in 1995, that Golden Shamrock revived the project and was bought by the actual miner Ashanti Goldfield Co Ltd.
Today gold mining is increasingly becoming an important player in the economy of Guinea just as is the case with most of its neighbors. Guinea has several gold mines and prospecting projects most of which are located in the North-east region of the country (Figure 7.1). As new deposits are expected to be found in Guinea, it is likely to contribute significantly to the economy of this very poor nation.
The major international players in the production of gold in Guinea are the “Societe Ashanti de Guinee” (SAG) and the “Societe Miniere de Dinguiraye” (SMD) which is a joint venture between the government of Guinea and the Guinor Gold Corp and is responsible for the operation of the Lero-Karta Gold Mine.
The Societe Ashanti de Guinee (SAG) is a joint venture between the government of Guinea and AngloGold Ashanti. The Ashanti Goldfields, which merged, with AngloGold to form AngloGold Ashanti has been in the country since 1998 when it acquired the interests of the Golden Shamrock in the SAG. The company runs the Siguiri Gold Mine which produces about 250,000 oz of gold annually.
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6.2 Mineral Exploration History of the Tomboko Gold Project The Tomboko Gold Project is situated in a region that is well known for artisanal mining for decades. There is visible evidence of artisanal mine workings throughout the Tomboko Gold Project and mainly along paleo-rivers. There are few records of exploration works completed prior to HKD ownership in 2005. Apart from several artisanal gold mining sites («orpaillage») from local population called «orpaillage» along paleo-rivers, there has been no commercial gold production from a company on this Property.
Between 2007 and 2009, a series of geochemical surveys have been carried out on the Tomboko Permit. Consequently, three targets areas called TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 were selected for further works because of the cluster of several anomalous gold values in the soil. Because of the decision to abandon the project, Wega had time to examine only TOM-1 and TOM-2 which appeared to be the most promising.
6.2.1 Exploration Programs Completed in 2007: Reconnaissance Soil Geochemical Survey
Wega completed the first regional soil and termite mounds survey on the Tomboko Permit, between January and July 2007, on a pattern of 1,000x80m (Figure 6.1). The sampling grid covered the entire Permit, except for the steep sided hills in the north-western corner of the Permit referred to as Mount Didi.
A total of 1,105 soil and termite mounds samples were collected on this grid (Figure 6.1). The samples were analysed by SGS at their on-site laboratory within the Siguiri Gold Mine. These geochemical samples were analysed by one kilogram, bottle-roll cyanide leach method for 24 hours.
Mount Didi
Figure 6.1: Regional Soil and Termite Mounds Geochemical Sampling within the Tomboko Permit in 2007
Samples collected from termite mounds or soil has given assay values ranging between 5 ppb and 1,210 ppb gold (Figure 6.2).
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Mount Didi
Figure 6.2: Regional Soil and Termite Mounds Geochemical Sampling Results within the Tomboko Permit in 2007.
6.2.2 Exploration Programs Completed in 2008 6.2.2.1 Follow-up Soil and Termite Mounds Geochemical Sampling
Wega performed a follow-up geochemical survey in 2008. The program covered most of the Permit on a grid pattern of 200x50m. A total of 8,641 samples of soil and termite mounds were collected (Figure 6.3).
Mount Didi
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Figure 6.3: Follow-up Soil and Termite Mounds Geochemical Survey within the Tomboko Permit in 2008
Samples collected from termite mounds and soil has gold values ranging between 5 ppb to 7,032 ppb. Statistic analysis shows that 10% of the samples have gold values greater than 55 ppb. From this follow-up survey three anomaly zones were outlined (Figure 6.4) and shall be subjected to future exploration works.
Mount Didi TOM-3
TOM-1 TOM-2
Figure 6.4: Follow-up Soil and Termite Mounds Geochemical Results within the Tomboko Permit in 2008
6.2.2.2 Remote Data Interpretations
In the same year, Wega undertook an interpretation of remote data over the Tomboko Permit (Figure 6.5) The data included published BRGM (1999) geological map at 1/200,000 scale, Landsat data (RGB ternary images at a 30m resolution) and digital terrain models created from SRTM data with a 90m resolution.
TOM-3 TOM-1
TOM-2
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Figure 6.5: Lineament Interpretations from Remote Data over the Tomboko Permit
Wega produced a lineament interpretation of the Tomboko Permit from remote data and overlaid the geochemical values greater than 100ppb (Figure 6.5). This interpretation formed the basis for Wega defining three zones for further exploration works.
6.2.2.3 Rock Chips Sampling
In early 2009, Wega focused its exploration fieldwork on the TOM-1 and TOM-2 Targets. These anomalies have more pronounced and better defined surface gold anomalies. At this time, Wega was more focused on its new discovered Koulekoun gold mine in the Mandiana area located further south, little exploration works have been implemented in the Tomboko Permit.
A field mapping program was undertaken to create litho-geomorphological maps at a scale of 1/5,000 for both TOM-1 and TOM-2 anomaly zones. The survey involved east - west traverses over the areas on 200m spaced lines using handheld GPSs set to UTM co-ordinates WGS84, zone 29N datum.
Twenty-six traverse lines, totalizing 5.2km, were completed and 299 samples collected of which 176 were rock chip samples, 95 collected from abandoned artisanal mining pits and 25 from channel samples over exposed bedrock.
Twenty-one of the rock chip samples recorded values greater that 500 ppb (Table 6.1). All anomalous rock chip values were obtained from the TOM-1 Target (Figure 6.6) with gold values attaining 84g/t (Table 6.1).
Mount Didi TOM-3 TOM-1 TOM-2
2008 Rock chips Sampling > 0,5 g/t
Figure 6.6: Location of the Best Gold Values in Rock Chip Sampled over the Tomboko Permit in 2009
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The following Table displays the location, descriptions and the best gold values of rock chip sampled over the Tomboko Permit by Wega in 2009.
Sample ID Easting Northing Au ppm Descriptions
BC_002 436309 1275402 1.35 Meta- Sandstone
BC_012 436451 1275190 0.17 Meta- Sandstone
BC_013 436455 1275235 0.91 Quartz
BC_015 436311 1275294 0.49 Quartz
JD_063 436961 1275828 0.65 Quartz
JD_091 437142 1276000 1.99 Meta- Sandstone
JD_120 437784 1273417 0.15 Meta- Sandstone
JD_133 437077 1275991 0.19 Gossan
BC_236 436952 1275837 84.62 Gossanous rock with brecciated Quartz
BC_237 436953 1275831 0.19 Gossanous rock with brecciated Quartz
BC_238 436949 1275852 4.68 Gossanous rock with brecciated Quartz
BC_239 436981 1275843 1.86 Gossanous-sericite rock
BC_240 437062 1276018 0.34 Gossanous-sericite rock with brecciated Quartz
BC_243 437102 1275972 1.22 Gossanous-sericite rock with brecciated Quartz BC_244 437087 1275966 9.82 Gossanous-sericite rock with brecciated Quartz BC_246 437074 1275955 5.84 Gossanous-sericite rock with brecciated Quartz BC_247 437060 1275946 2.56 Gossanous-sericite rock BC_002 436309 1275402 1.35 Ochre colored meta-Sandstone BC 12 436451 1275190 0.17 Green colored meta-sediment; foliated; silicified and oxidized
BC 13 436455 1275235 0.91 Patch of Quartz fragments, (white, oxidized and micaceous)
BC 15 436311 1275294 0.49 Patch of Quartz fragments (occasionally oxidized)
Table 6.1: Anomalous Rock Chip Values Reported by Wega from TOM-1
Simon M. Smith (2017) noted in his report that two sets of channel samples were collected from a deeply eroded intermittent stream within TOM-1 Target. The northern channel exposed a saprolite derived from meta-sediments (sandstones and argillites) from which a [email protected]/t gold was reported. The southern channel also reported anomalous gold values up to 200 ppb. Wega referred to this area of high grade gold values as the East Zone (Figure 6.6). All rock chip and channel samples were analyzed by ALS in their Kankan laboratory. The rock chip samples were analyzed by fire assay and the channel samples by 2kg cyanide leach bottle rolls.
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6.2.2.4 Geology & Regolith Mapping
6.2.2.4.1 Zone of Interest: TOM-1 The TOM-1 Target is located south-west of the Mont Didi (Figure 6.6). The side east of the Mount was difficult in access because of its steep slope and was not mapped as shown in Figure 6.7. The samples collected in the unmapped zone (Figure 6.7) are mainly conglomerates, sandstones with quartz veins and veinlets. Wega described the geology of the area as fellow • The conglomerates range from grey, pink, yellow-orange or brown-ochre colors. They contain pelites, sandstones and silicified nodules in a breccia-like matrix. Pyrite, chlorite and pyrolusite crystals have been occasionally observed. Quartz veinlets cross-cut the area in a direction between N60º and N80° • The observed sandstones and pelites are usually grey, greenish and red-brown color. The red or pinkish coloration is a result of intense potassic alteration. Many generations of white or smoky millimetric to metric quartz veins cut through these formations • Quartz is observed as veins on the surface. It varies from milky-white to smoky in appearance. Traces of pyrite or boxwork of pyrite and arsenopyrite) grey to dark grey cherty sediments are present. • Dolerite, altered and highly oxidized, of brown color • Granite as dyke oriented N320⁰.
Figure 6.7: Field Mapping of TOM-1 by Wega, 2009
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The East Zone was studied in greatest detail by Wega due to the high gold values reported from channel samples. This Target zone was mapped as a 100m wide, ENE oriented, fine grained, meta-sediment within a massive granodiorite (Figure 6.8). A gossan is mapped at the northwest end of the zone and occurrences of rhyolite and intensely sericitic altered intrusive rocks are mentioned by Wega.
Figure 6.8: Location of the Prospective Zones on TOM-1 Zone of Interest
6.2.2.4.2 Zone of Interest: TOM-2 The field mapping of TOM-2 did not identify many exposures of bedrock. Most of the zone is covered by laterite with a few exposures of meta-sediment (sandstones and pelites) and dolerite observed (Figure 6.9). The pelites are generally grey in color and are well foliated.
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Figure 6.9: Field Mapping of TOM-2 by Wega, 2009
Sampling of Artisanal Workings As part of their sampling of artisanal pits program, Wega rehabilitated fourteen artisanal pits in the southwestern corner of TOM-1 and collected channel samples. Many of these pits reached depths of 10 to 12 meters. Wega identified that the artisanal mining activities were targeting gravel horizons at the interface between alluvial cover and underlying saprock. All samples of saprock collected by Wega from these pits were barren. Most artisanal mining activities were located in streams. Those pits outside the streams targeted gravel horizons at the base of the alluvial cover and often exceeded depths of 10m.
6.2.2.4.3 Zone of Interest: TOM-3
Even on the central lateritic plateau on TOM-3 (Figure 6.10) minor mining activities by the local on the hill slope show obvious transported material that gave the geochemical high values. Denis B. (2012) recommended in his report additional investigation in this zone as he stated that SAG geologists wanted to perform a drill program in 2010, but the mining company could not then reach an agreement with HKD.
Figure 6.10: Showings in TOM-1 and Structure; Possible Source of Gold in Drainage and Thalweg
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7. GEOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL SETTING 7.1 Regional Geology
The Tomboko Permit is located in North-eastern Guinea (Figure 7.1), which consists predominantly of Precambrian rocks of sediments and intrusive. The youngest rocks are Neoproterozoic sediments of the Taoudeni Basin located further north (Figure 7.2) and scattered traps and dykes of Mesozoic dolerite and gabbro interpreted to be associated with the opening of the central Atlantic (Deckart et al., 1997).
Three main entities are distinguished within the Precambrian: (1) an Archean gneissic and granitic domain exposed in local tectonic thrust slices with supracrustal intercalations, within which are identified two banded iron formation (BIF) ranges (Simandou and Nimba) and some restricted plutons of Paleoproterozoic age; (2) a Paleoproterozoic basin (Siguiri Basin) extending NE towards Mali; The Basin is composed of marine detrital sedimentary rocks (argilite to fine-grained sandstones) and, to a lesser degree, volcanic rocks (lava and pyroclastic) intercalated within these sediments, and sub-volcanic dykes (Egal et al., 2002). (3) a plutonic belt made up of various Paleoproterozoic granitic rocks along the southern edge of the Basin, surrounding the Archean domain and are in contact with the Siguiri Basin (Egal et al., 2002).
All these rocks show irregular foliation and weak metamorphism. Several volcanic units of cartographic scale are distinguished (Figure 7.2). The 2,211±3 Ma Niani complex (Lahondere et al., 2002), composed of a variety of volcanic rocks, crops out in the eastern part of the basin. The 2,093±2 Ma volcanic range of Keniero (Feybesse et al., 1999) crops out in the southwestern limit of the Siguiri Basin (Figure 7.2).
Figure 7.1: Schematic Geologic Map of the Man Shield (West Africa). Location of the main Proterozoic Ore Deposits (modified from Milési et al., 1989). 1) 3 Ga. Archean basement rocks. 2) 2.4-2.1 Ga. Paleoproterozoic rocks affected by the 2.1-2.0 Ga. Birimian thermo-tectonism 1 Ga. 3) Taoudeni flat-lying sedimentary Basin
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Figure 7.2: Geological Map of the Siguiri Basin adopted from WAXI Africa geology, 2010
7.2 Regional Structures The structure of the plutonic belt in eastern Guinea is essentially characterized by the general orientation around the Archean Kenema-Man core (Figure 7.3), and the presence of major WNW–ESE to NW–SE- trending sinistral strike–slip faults (Figure 7.3) affecting the central and northern parts of the belt (Lompo, 1991). The granitic rocks consist of a belt parallel to the margin of the Archean core WNW–ESE in the northwest, W–E along the southern edge of the Siguiri Basin, and then NW–SE and NNE–SSW towards the south. The central part of the plutonic belt is extensively affected by major sinistral ductile strike–slip faults generally trending WNW–ESE. The foliation in both Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks is almost orthogonal (NNE–SSW) to that of the strike–slip faults. The dominant WNW–ESE orientation of the sinistral strike–slip faults (Figure 7.3) make it possible to propose a late Eburnean deformation resulting from regional shortening towards WSW, accommodated by sinistral strike–slip faults along the northwestern margin of the Archean domain. The earliest Eburnean deformation (D1) affected B1 sequence. The structures formed were: (1) SL foliation transposing the lithologic contacts (So) and L1 stretching lineation trending N-S, NE-SW to E-W, or NW- SE directions in different areas; their degree of penetrative development varies with the intensity of deformation and metamorphism; (2) Rare isoclinal, syn-foliation F1 folds which have variable axial trends of NW-SE to N-S directions (Figure 7.3); and (3) Thrust planes contemporaneous with the first litho- tectonic edifice (B1-D1) for which they were responsible (Milési.J, 1994). The second deformation (D2) affects both B1 and B2. It is represented by folding and sinistral strike-slip faults trending N-S to NW-SE
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(Figure 7.3) (Feybesse., 1990a, b), contemporaneous with an episode of granitization. D3 deformation formed NE-SW strike-slip faults with associated folding (Milési.J., 1988).
Figure 7.3: Tectonic and Structural Map of the Siguiri Basin (adapted from Mamedov et al., 2010).
7.3 Gold Mineralization
In the West African shield the control on gold mineralization within the early Proterozoic is interpreted to be related to three main tectonic events (Milési et al., 1989):
. Pre-orogenic: Pre-D1 mineralization related to early extension zones. The mineralization is a) stratiform Au tourmaline deposits (type 1 Au) in sedimentary settings (Loulo in Mali), b) stratiform Fe+Cu (Faleme in Senegal) and Mn deposits (Nsuta in Ghana, Tambao in Burkina Faso), and c) a single massive Zn-Ag sulfide deposit (Perkoa in Burkina Faso). . Syn-orogenic: Post-D1 to syn-D2 mineralization associated with the separation and subsequent deformation both of the troughs of B2 tholeiitic volcanism (disseminated Au sulfide deposits or type 2 Au) and Tarkwaian infill extension basins and their auriferous paleo-placers (type 3 Au). . Late-orogenic: Post peak D2/D3 mineralization with emplacement of discordant Mesothermal Au deposits as auriferous arsenopyrite, gold bearing quartz veins (type 4 Au) and gold bearing quartz veins with traces of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, and Bi (type 5 Au).
The SAG Gold Deposit located at 17km East of the Tomboko Gold Project (Figure 7.2) is dominated by Proterozoic Birimian rocks and consist of turbidite sequences. Gold is hosted in meta-sediments in quartz- vein stockwork that occur preferentially in coarser brittle sandstones of the Siguiri Basin.
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7.4 Property Geology and Mineralization
The eastern part of Guinea is underlain by the Man Shield which makes up part of the West African Craton, comprising a series of Lower Proterozoic volcanic troughs and sedimentary basins (Birimian) with granitic terrains accreted on the Archean Shield. The Tomboko Gold Project (Figure 7.4) is located within the Birimian-age Siguiri Basin which underlies a portion of North-eastern Guinea and southern Mali. This large basin comprised sedimentary and volcanic units which have been subjected to greenschist facies metamorphism. Birimian units are intruded by narrow, regionally extensive, mafic dykes and sills, and also locally by late granitic bodies. A long period of weathering and deflation is reflected by extensive development of lateritic soils and saprolite horizons across the region.
The Siguiri Basin hosts three producing gold mines in Upper Guinea: Siguiri Gold Mine (AngloGold Ashanti), Lefa (Nordgold/Severstal) and Kéniéro, (Figure 7.5) as well as two other major gold mines in neighboring Mali: Kalana Mine (Avnel Gold Mining Ltd) and Kodiéran Mine (Pearl Gold).
Primary gold mineralization found in the Birimian units is likely to be related to late tectonic plutonism and related hydrothermal events that have remobilized the gold along fractures and fault zones. Fault/shear- zone hosted gold deposits have been the largest and most productive deposit type in West Africa and in Guinea. Secondary gold accumulations such as recent placers or alluvial deposits (Figure 7.5) and laterite deposits are derived from primary gold mineralization as a consequence of a long period of weathering and deflationary erosion. Gold mineralization in the Tomboko Permit (Figure 7.4) and many others gold deposit within the Siguiri appear to be mesothermal, orogenic-type and shear-zone hosted style gold deposit.
SAG Gold Tomboko Mine Permit
10 km
Sediments Pyroclastic Birimian Intrusive Dolerite Figure 7.4: Location of the Tomboko Gold Project, BRGM 1: 200,000 Geology Map of the Siguiri area
The Birimian Series of West Africa is also host to some of the largest gold deposits in the world, including Sadiola, Yatela, Morila and Syama in Mali, Obuasi, Bogosu, Tarkwa and Bibyani in Ghana, and Siguiri Golf Mine in Guinea (Figure 7.1).
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8. DEPOSIT TYPES
The deposit type identified in the Siguiri region is a Mesothermal or shear-zone hosted orogenic-type gold deposits that are a distinctive class of gold deposit and form an integral part of the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the West African Shield. Orogenic gold deposits are almost exclusively associated with auriferous quartz-carbonate veins indicating veining in the presence of supra-lithostatic fluid pressures (Ridley and Diamond, 2000). Quartz veining testifies to the structurally-controlled fluid infiltration over a broad range of upper- to mid-crustal pressures and temperatures, between about 200 - 650°C and 1-5 kbar (Goldfarb et al., 2001) emphasizing the significance of deformation, most commonly in the form of shear zones. These structures control fracture-controlled fluid-flow and gold mineralization, focusing large volumes of hydrothermal fluids required for an economic-grade mineralization (Sibson and Scott., 1998). Formation of mesothermal orogenic-type gold deposits involves structural and regional tectonic conditions that allow the accumulation of fluids over-pressured to near-lithostatic values and their intermittent release through fault-valve action (Sibson and Scott, 1998). The deformation of rocks creates regional hydraulic gradients that may trigger fluid migration. Fluid movement in the largely impermeable wall-rocks is largely determined by fracture permeability. Veining is recorded over a wide range of metamorphic conditions, but is favored under brittle-ductile and commonly greenschist-facies conditions (Goldfarb et al., 2005). The relationship between deformation in brittle-ductile terrains and fluid flow explains the close spatial association between auriferous vein systems and shear zones in volcano-sedimentary terrains (Robert and Poulsen, 2001). Fluid flow and mineralization are commonly localized around second- and higher-order shear or fault zones adjacent to first-order structures (Groves et al., 1998). These structures developed late in the overall tectono-metamorphic evolution of the host terrain and commonly involve a compressional or transpressional component. High-angle reverse faults are regarded as particularly important targets (Sibson and Scott, 1998), favoring the development of temporarily supra-lithostatic fluid pressures leading to fracturing and associated destabilization of gold complexes from the hydrothermal fluid. Gold mineralization at Tomboko is associated with mesothermal shear-zone hosted gold mineralization, entirely consistent with the majority of Proterozoic terrains worldwide, including the Birimian Series of West Africa. This style of mineralization is generally associated with regionally metamorphosed terrains that have experienced considerable deformation. As such, the deposits are invariably strongly structurally, rather than lithologically controlled. At Tomboko, the gold mineralization is preferentially developed in the more permeable, altered, coarser grained sediments and volcanoclastic rocks of ash and lapilli successions, within north-north-west and northeast trending structures. Mineralization is localized by a combination of lithological and structural controls and, the latter is predictably the more dominant. In the Siguiri Basin the dip and strike of mineralized zones, and to a lesser extent the style of mineralization, varies considerably between deposits. But generally, gold is dominantly associated chlorite-quartz–carbonate–sulphide assemblage, stockwork of quartz-carbonate-sulphide veinlets, or skarn magnetite-epidote-pyrite and arsenopyrite mineralization. Deep weathering of primary shear-hosted gold mineralization enhanced the economic viability of some of the gold deposits currently being mined in West Africa.
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9. EXPLORATION 9.1 Exploration Programs Completed in 2012
During the period of February to March 2012, the writer, then independent geologist consultant for The Golden Rule in Guinea, has been mandated to conduct a detailed geological and structural mapping of the Tomboko Gold Project in order to improve understanding of the geological and structural framework of the Prospect and to support exploration strategy for gold mineralization in the Tomboko area. A mapping program at a scale of 1:5,000 encompassing approximately 40 km2 was completed in the TOM-1 and TOM- 2 Targets of the Tomboko Permit (Figure 9.2) containing significant surface gold anomalies. The objectives were to undertake a detailed structural mapping, to develop a preliminary geological and structural model for the gold mineralization (Dieng, 2012). In particular, the key issues to be addressed were to:
. determine the geological and structural setting of the area: develop a sequence stratigraphic framework . determine the timing of deformation and analyze the geometry kinematics of the gold-bearing structures . determine the controls on gold mineralization, the source and timing of the mineralizing fluids . evaluate the economic potential of the area to host economic gold mineralization . establish a conceptual genetic model for the gold mineralization that can serve as exploration guidelines.
Lithological and structural mapping completed by the writer in 2012 was compiled in a report entitled Structural Mapping, Analysis and Interpretation of the TOM-1 and TOM-2 Prospects. Implications on the Control of the Gold Mineralization. This exploration structural investigation is summarized in this report.
9.1.1 Geological and Structural Mapping of the TOM-1 and TOM 2 Targets 9.1.1.1 Lithology
Four broad lithological units outcrop in the TOM-1 and TOM-2 areas, located in the western part of the Tomboko Permit (Figure 9.2): a turbidite facies sedimentary sequences composed of alternating layers of sandstone, siltstone, and deformed and altered chert (or cargneule), volcanoclastic rocks composed of tuffs and pyroclastic, pillow basalts and dolerite dikes.
9.1.1.1.1 The Turbidite Sedimentary Sequence
The turbidite sequence forms the main component of the Siguiri Basin sedimentary rocks outcropping in the map area (Figure 9.2). The rock is generally quite massive and composed of alternating cm to 10’s of meters of coarse-grained sandstone and fine-grained siltstone layers. Primary sedimentary structures include well preserved ripple marks (Figure 9.1.A) observed in the least deformed sandstone rocks. Bedding indicates an upward fining direction (Figure 9.1.B) which is generally oriented toward the south-west, West of TOM-1. The bedding (S0) strikes NNW to NS and dips south-west (Figure 9.1.C) and can be measured within the sedimentary sequence west of TOM-1. East of TOM-1 at the contact with the Mount Didi the bedding strikes northwest to north-south and steeply dips toward north-east parallel to the systems of NNW- striking ESE-dipping shear zones and can be measured within the volcanoclastic sequence. East of the Didi Mount, at TOM-2 Target, the bedding strikes northeast and dips south-west parallel to a system of NE- striking SW-dipping brittle-ductile strike-slip shear zones (Figure 9.2).
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Figure 9.1: Photographs of Typical Features in the Turbidite Unit. A. well preserved ripple marks in sandstone layer. B. Interlayered siltstones and sandstone showing a stratigraphic younging direction toward the top and the SW. C. Bedding, cleavage and foliation relations in the hanging wall of the shear zone.
Figure 9.2: Geological Map of the TOM-1 and TOM-2 Prospects showing the Main Lithological Units, the Structural Features and the Laterite Formation.
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9.1.1.1.2 The Volcanoclastic Succession
The volcanoclastic rocks form a NS- and NNW-trending and steeply E-to ENE-dipping (Figure 9.2) interbedded dark greenish band of clay tuffs (Figure 9.3.A) and pyroclastic rocks (Figure 9.3.B). The interlayering tuffaceous and pyroclastic rocks form choppy bedding that is usually gradual but locally sharp. The ash and lapilli layers are usually well sorted by the fragment size distribution that indicates upward younging stratification.
Figure 9.3: Photographs of the Volcanoclastic Rocks. A. Tuffaceous Rock composed of crystallized homogenous fine-grained material. B. Pyroclastic rock with predominance of variably-sized angular to sub-angular, volcanic material particles embedded in a fine-grained matrix.
The tuffaceous assemblage is well crystallized fine-grained material, and homogenous fragment (Figure 9.3.A) and have locally a vesicular hyaloclastite texture.
The pyroclastic assemblages are interlayered with the ash tuff and are characterized by a predominance of variably-sized, sub-angular, pale greenish-grey volcanic material particles (up to 80%) embedded in a fine- grained dark-green vitroclastic matrix (Figure 9.3.B). Fragments include mafic volcanic rocks and thinly laminated tuffaceous material.
The volcanoclastic assemblages are likely produced by volcanic explosion associated with lava flows. The volcanoclastic rocks within the 2.2-2.3 Ga Siguiri Basin sedimentary sequence are evidence that the Basin formed probably in an intracontinental rift setting associated with period of global extension.
9.1.1.1.3 The Pillow Basalt
On top on the volcanoclastic rocks outcrop, massive unstrained mafic volcanic flows with a characteristic pillow-shaped structure (Figure 9.4) are typical to lava extrusion under water. The basalt is fine-grained to aphanitic with black groundmass and shows a sharp contact with the dolerite dike (Figure 9.5.B).
The volcanoclastic material and pillowed basalt assemblages have certain implications on the paleo- environmental setting of the Basin, among which, a general environment of sedimentation in shallow water basin, which, could be an intra-continental rift environment.
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Figure 9.4: Photographs of Mafic Pillowed Flows exposed on top of the volcanoclastic rocks.
9.1.1.1.4 Dolerite Dikes
Dolerite dikes form a swarm crosscutting all previous rocks (Figure 9.5.A). They are vertical to sub-vertical, undeformed, strike north-south, are concordant to the main direction of the sedimentary unit and form a prominent high relief (up to 900 meters in altitude). The dolerite dikes are interpreted to extrude the Siguiri Basin during the Mesozoic at ca. 200 Ma and are probably related to far field tectonic events during global- scale rifting and breakup of the Pangea supercontinent leading to opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
Figure 9.5: A. Photographs of the Dolerite Dikes. B. Sharp contact dolerite dike - mafic pillowed flows.
9.1.1.2 Stratigraphic Sequence and Timing of Events Following global-scale tectonic extension and intra-continental rifting during the Early Paleoproterozoic, sediments of the Siguiri Basin were deposited in a tectonically active extensional fault-bounded basin at ca. 2.3-2.2 Ga and rest on ca. 3.0 Ga Archean granitic rocks (Figure 9.6) that outcrop further south in the Mandiana domain. Several volcanic troughs developed in the central and eastern part of the Siguiri Basin and favored the deposition of volcanic and sedimentary assemblages, likely related to the upper part of the Birimian units (Milési et al., 1989). These volcanic troughs probably reflected explosive mafic volcanism during tectonic extension and are associated with deposition of volcanoclastic rocks consisting of tuff and pyroclastic and extrusion of mafic flow in a shallow water environment (Figure 9.6). The Siguiri Basin was affected by massive magmatism, resulting from crustal melting during compressional tectonism associated with multi-phase tectonism during the Birimian (D1 and D2). The Calco-alkaline granite outcrops south of the study area along prominent ENE structural trend (Figure 9.14).
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During the Paleozoic time, global rifting concomitant with breakup of Rhodinia Supercontinent led to the deposition of the flat-lying Taoudeni Basin that outcrops further north of the studied area (Figure 9.6). During the Mesozoic, fault reactivation associated with far field tectonic events from global rifting and breakup of the Pangea Supercontinent provided pathways for dike intrusions. Magma ascended along reactivated deep fault zones that acted as conduit for extrusion of dolerite dikes and sills (Figure 9.6)
Figure 9.6: Interpreted Schematic Lithological-Stratigraphic Profile of the Tomboko Area.
9.1.1.3 Structural Analysis Two main structural domains were mapped in the study area (Figure 9.7): NNW-striking brittle-ductile strike-slip shear zone systems West of Mount Didi (TOM-1 Prospect) and NE-striking brittle-ductile strike- slip shear zone systems East of Mount Didi (TOM-2 Prospect).
9.1.1.3.1 NNW-striking brittle-ductile strike-slip Shear Zone in the TOM-1 Prospect 9.1.1.3.1.1 Structural Descriptions
A system of NNW-striking fracture systems developed within the sequence of greenschist facies sandstone, siltstone, and volcanoclastic layers that host the gold mineralization, west of Mount Didi (Figure 9.7).
. West of TOM-1, the shear zone strikes N320o to N340o and dips SW (50o to 60o) and can be measured within the sheared sedimentary rocks (Figure 9.7). . East of TOM-1, near the contact with Mount Didi the shear zone strikes N320o to N340o and steeply dips toward ENE (80o to 85o) and can be measured within sheared volcanoclastic rocks (Figure 9.7).
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The deformation fabric is heterogeneously developed due to rheological heterogeneities of the sedimentary and volcanoclastic rocks (Figure 9.7). The shear strain is more localized into relatively weak rock types such as the siltstone (Figures 9.8.A and B), which has a more pronounced penetrative foliation and exhibits rotation and boudinage features (Figure 9.8.A). The more competent sandstone and volcanoclastic rocks within the sequence display brittle features including brecciation (Figures 9.8.C to G). The brecciated rock is strongly hydrothermally altered, host high grade gold mineralization, show evidence of fluid/rock interaction and is in place invaded by a stockwork of quartz veins (Figures 9.8.H and I).
Figure 9.7: Structural Map of the TOM-1 and TOM-2 areas showing West of TOM-1, the shear zone strikes N320o to N340o and dips South-West (50o to 60o) within the sheared sedimentary rocks East of TOM-1, near the contact with the Mount Didi the shear zone strikes N320o to N340o and steeply dips toward East-North-East (80o to 85o) within the sheared volcanoclastic rocks. At TOM-2 and East of Mount Didi Prospect the shear zone strikes NE and dips toward ENE.
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Figure 9.8: Photographs of Typical Structural Features in the NW-striking shear zone systems at TOM-1. A. Asymmetric boudins developed within ductile siltstone layer. B. Sheared siltstone layer within the fault zone. C and D. Brecciated sandstone layer showing hydrothermal alteration and high grade gold mineralization. E. Sheared and brecciated volcanoclastic layer striking NNW and hosting high grade gold mineralization. F and G. high grade gold mineralization in brecciated volcanoclastic rocks invaded by a stockwork of quartz veins. H and I. Stockwork of quartz veins affecting the more brittle sandstone layer within the shear zone.
9.1.1.3.1.2 Kinematic Analysis of the Shear Zones and Orientation of the Stress Field Planar- and sigmoidal-shaped quartz-filled tension gashes are found on many outcrops and are the most obvious shear sense indicators. Sub-vertical NNW-trending S-shaped en-échelon quartz-filled tension gashes formed along the brittle-ductile shear zone at TOM-1 consistently indicate sinistral lateral sense of motion (Figure 9.9).
Analyses of several en-échelon quartz-filled tension gashes (Figure 9.9) along the shear zone system in the
TOM-1 Prospect indicate that the maximum compressive stress σ1 is oriented NW-SE and the minimum compressive stress σ3 is oriented NE-SW. The orientation of the minimum compressive stress σ3 (direction of maximal extension) is consistent with the NNW-trending of the shear zone systems in the TOM-1
Prospect (Figure 9.9). The maximum compressive stress σ1 is parallel of the shear zone long axis.
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A B
C D
Figure 9.9: Photographs of the Shear Zones in TOM-1 and Typical Kinematic Indicators showing a lateral sinistral displacement. A. S-shaped en-échelon quartz-filled tension gashes developed within sheared sandstone layer indicating a maximum compressive stress σ1 oriented NW-SE and a minimum compressive stress σ3 trending NE-SW. B and C. Encephalon tension gashes in a shear zone indicating a sinistral displacement, σ1 oriented NW-SE and σ3 trend NE-SW. D. Quarter fold veins indicating sinistral sense of motion. Pencil indicates north.
9.1.1.3.2 NE-striking, SE-dipping brittle-ductile strike-slip Shear Zones in the TOM-2 Prospect 9.1.1.3.2.1 Structural Descriptions
NE-striking, SE-dipping strike-slip brittle-ductile shear zones deformed the turbidite sequence east of Mount Didi in the TOM-2 Prospect (Figure 9.10).
The shear zones strike N40o and dip 50o SE (Figure 9.10.A). The ductile component of the shear zone is manifest in the siltstone layers that display penetrative foliation and boudinage features (Figure 9.10.B and C). The shear zones are characterized by the presence of sub-horizontal plano-linear L>S tectonites (Figure 9.10.C).
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Figure 9.10: Photographs of Various Features of the NE-striking and SE-dipping strike-slip brittle-ductile shear zones in TOM-2 Prospect. A and B. Shear zones striking N40o, dipping 50o SE and showing sub-horizontal plano-linear L>S tectonites. C. Symmetrical boudins developed in ductile siltstone layer. D. E. and F. Brecciated sandstone in shear zone showing intense hydrothermal alteration and hosting high grade gold mineralization.
9.1.1.3.2.2 Kinematic Analysis of the Shear Zone and Orientation of the Stress Field
Sub-vertical NE-trending en-échelon Z-shaped and quartz-filled tension gashes along the shear zones in the TOM-2 Prospect consistently indicate dextral sense of displacement (Figure 9.11).
Analyses of several en-échelon quartz-filled tension gashes (Figure 9.11) along the shear zone system in
TOM-2 indicate that the maximum compressive stress σ1 is oriented NW-SE and the minimum compressive stress σ3 is oriented NE-SW. The orientation of σ3 is consistent with the NE-SW trending direction of the shear zone systems in TOM-1 (Figure 9.11). σ1 is perpendicular of the shear zone long axis.
The overall orientation of the stress field is identical in TOM-1 and TOM-2 areas (Figure 9.12).
A B
Figure 9.11: Photographs of Typical Kinematic Indicators showing lateral dextral displacement in plan view section. A. Z-shaped en-échelon quartz-filled tension gashes developed within sandstone layer. Orientation of tension veins suggests dextral shear motion during progressive shearing. Veins geometry indicates that σ1 is oriented NW-SE and σ3 trend NE-SW, B. Encephalon tension gashes in sheared sandstone layer. The cracks indicate a dextral motion of shearing. The orientation of the veins suggests that σ1 is oriented NW-SE and σ3 NE-SW, identical to the stress orientation in TOM-1 Prospect. Pencil indicates north.
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9.1.1.3.3 Late Faults
Northward-striking dolerite dikes and NW-striking tensional shear fractures in the TOM-1 Prospect typically show dextral strike separations (Figure 9.12). The apparent offsets seem to be due to fault slip. This fault cut the youngest rocks in this area and is likely the youngest deformational phase.
9.1.2 Structural Interpretations
Structural and textural relationships indicate that rocks in the map area have been deformed by a major brittle-ductile transpressional episode of deformation that was the prominent mode of deformation responsible for the formation of the shear zone systems. Asymmetrical features in plan-view and rotated extensional en-echelon quartz-filled tension gashes indicate the existence of a significant component of subhorizontal non-coaxial deformation, and are compatible with a regional transpressional dextral shearing deformation.
Kinematic analysis of the shear zones and orientation of the stress field in the TOM-1 and TOM-2 areas indicate that these shear zones formed during the same tectonic event characterized by a regional NW-SE- directed compressional tectonism (σ1) resulting in an NE-SW extension (σ3) (Figure 9.12). The NW- striking, sinistral shear zone systems in the TOM-1 Prospect are parallel to the maximum compressive stress
(σ1) and formed by extensional dilation. The NE-striking and SE-dipping brittle-ductile dextral strike-slip fault systems in the TOM-2 Prospect are perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress (σ1) and have a dominant strike-slip component that accommodated the compressional stress (Figure 9.12).
Both NW-striking, sinistral shear zone systems in TOM-1 and NE-striking, SE-dipping and brittle-ductile dextral strike-slip fault systems in TOM-2 are likely associated with the second major ca. 2.0-2.1 Ga clockwise block rotation compressional tectonism (D2) of the Late Eburnean Orogeny that resulted from an
NW-SE-directed collision (σ1) (Figure 9.12) between Archean blocs located further south of the Paleoproterozoic Siguiri Basin (e.g. Feybesse and Milési, 1994). This deformation is compatible with the regional clockwise tectonic blocks rotation during the Late Eburnean tectonism associated to important dextral faulting in the whole West African craton (e.g. Milési et al., 1989; Boher et al., 1992).
The brittle-ductile shear zones display evidence for hydration and fluid flow evidenced by the presence of en-échelon quartz-filled tension gashes, extensive quartz veins, quartz-filled breccia that occur within these shear zones. All the evidence suggests that hydration associated with hydrothermal fluid circulation prevailed during the development of the shear zones and played a key role in the alteration and ore-forming processes. The brittle component of the fault zones which deformed preferentially competent lithologies such as the sandstone and volcanoclastic rocks of the Siguiri Basin sedimentary sequence created dilatant areas, which are favorable structural sites for fluid flow, hydrothermal alteration, and gold mineralization.
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Interpreted Field Stress
Figure 9.12: Structural Interpretation of the map area showing orientation of the main stress fields resulting from a regional tectonic event and characterized by anti-clockwise block rotation, NW-SE-directed compressional tectonism (σ1) and NE-SW extension (σ3).
9.1.3 Surface Gold Geochemical Anomalies and the Tectonic Structures
The most pronounced gold geochemical response in the map area occurs in the west side of Mount Didi, in the TOM-1 Prospect (Figure 9.13). This anomalous zone is well illustrated by very strong rock geochemical gold values and is developed over an erosional landscape. A halo of strong soil values is spatially associated and likely genetically related to the NNW-striking, shear fracture systems in TOM-1 and NE-trending tensional shear fracture systems in TOM-2 (Figure 9.13).
In the TOM-2 Prospect, there is a general broad gold geochemical response trending northeasterly, surrounding and spatially associated with the NE-striking and SE-dipping brittle-ductile dextral strike-slip fault systems (Figure 9.13).
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Figures 9.13: Surface Gold Anomalies in the TOM-1 and TOM-2 areas showing the close relationships between the halo of soil anomalies and the shear zone systems mapped in the area.
9.1.4 Regional Picture: Tectonic Model for the Gold Mineralization
Interpretation of the integrated regional geophysical lineaments, structural elements and surface soil gold geochemistry in the TOM-1 and TOM-2 Prospects (Figure 9.14) indicate that the area was affected by at least three major plate-scale episodes of deformation related to the tectonic evolution of the West African Birimian. These include:
. Prominent ENE-striking structures likely related the Early Eburnean tectonism (D2, Milési et al., 1989),
but probably reactivated during the Late Eburnean Orogeny (D2) associated with extensive 2090-2070 Ma calco-alkaline granite intrusions (e.g. Abouchami et al., 1990; Egal et al., 2002) that are probably the primary source for Au-bearing hydrothermal fluids. Therefore, the mineralizing fluids may have been
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driven by calco-alkaline magmatism located south and north of the study area (Figure 9.14). These calco- alkaline granites likely formed from local melting of the metasedimentary rocks in the deep part of the Siguiri Basin during the Late Eburnean compressional tectonism (Egal et al., 2002). . NNW-trending parallel regional lineaments west of Mount Didi (Figure 9.14) corresponding to the NNW-
striking and NE-striking dextral tensional shear fracture systems mapped in the TOM-1 Prospect (D2). These faults formed by extensional dilation and thus provide structural traps favorable for fluid flow, hydrothermal alteration, and gold mineralization. . NE-trending parallel regional lineaments east of Mount Didi (Figure 9.14) correspond to the NE-striking
and SE-dipping sinistral strike-slip fault systems mapped in the TOM-2 Prospect (D2). These faults have a dominant strike-slip component that accommodated the compressional stress deformation. Structural traps created in dilatational jogs at fault bends would be suitable for fluid circulation and gold mineralization as shown by the discontinue distribution of the surface gold anomalies. . Late EW-trending regional parallel lineaments are fracture systems likely associated with a late EW
compressional tectonism (D3) post-dating earlier deformational phases. E-W compression was active during the Mesozoic in the West African Shield and was associated with injection of numerous EW- striking mafic dikes (Hirdes et al., 1996).
Figure 9.14: Summary of the Structural Interpretation: Overlay of the Electromagnetic Time Constant Map with geological, gold geochemical and structural data showing the relationship between interpreted regional structures, deformation events and gold mineralization.
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The gold mineralization in the Tomboko Property is lithologically and structurally controlled. Gold occurs in brittle-ductile shear zones related to the Late Eburnean compressional tectonism that deformed competent layers of sandstone and volcanoclastic rocks of the Siguiri Basin, creating structural traps that were favorable sites for hydrothermal alteration by Au–bearing mineralizing fluids driven by calco-alkaline magmatism.
9.1.5 Gold Potential of the Tomboko Permit
Results of the geological and structural mapping demonstrate that the Tomboko Permit has a high potential to host economic gold deposits (Dieng, 2012). The NW-striking, tensional fracture systems mapped in TOM-1 have the highest potential to host mineable gold deposit as they formed by extensional dilation process. The structures seem to be wide and have each a strike-length of up to 1 km (Figure 9.14). Previous rock sampling on outcrops within these structures (Bray, 2012, 43-101 report) showed high gold grade (ranging between 1 to 84 g/t) (Figures 9.15 and 9.16)
The NE-striking, SE-dipping brittle-ductile strike-slip fault systems mapped in the TOM-2 Prospect have also a high potential to host economic gold deposit in dilatational jogs at fault bends. These mineralized structures have a total length of about 15 km all combined, are mined by local population, are the primary source for alluvium-gold actively mined along the main river, and are associated with strong surface gold anomalies (Figure 9.13).
Lithologies that host the gold mineralization in the TOM-1 and TOM-2 Prospects are highly altered, sheared, and brecciated sandstone and volcanoclastic rocks (Figure 9.15) of the Siguiri Basin; similar to those containing the +8 Moz SAG Mine owned by AngloGold-Ashanti and located only 17 km east of the Tomboko Permit and the +8 Moz Lero Deposit owned by Nordgold and located further west.
The TOM-1 and TOM-2 Prospects are therefore considered HIGH PRIORITY areas and are recommended for future aggressive exploration programs.
There are other spots of high anomalous values and areas of broad lower soil values found throughout the remaining of the Tomboko area (Figure 9.17) that should be considered high priority areas for future investigations consisting of detailed lithological and structural mapping aimed at identifying the geological source of the soil anomalies. Specifically, mapping will concentrate on delineating major fault structures similar to those mapped in the TOM-1 and TOM-2 Prospects.
9.1.6 Implication for Gold Exploration in the Tomboko area
In regards with the gold exploration strategy in the Tomboko area, attention must be paid to the NW-striking tensional fracture systems and the NE-striking strike-slip shear zones associated with D2 tectonic event of the Late Eburnean deformation. These structures represent high potential targets for gold exploration.
In the western part of the Permit, in the SAG AngloGold Ashanti Permit, regional structural features in the NW-SE-trending structural direction are being extensively drilled by AngloGold Ashanti.
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The writer strongly recommended detailed analysis of the remaining area of the Tomboko Permit, in order to map the detailed structural framework and to put it in relationship with the regional tectonic features revealed during this Phase I mapping. This would provide a specific structural context for the whole Tomboko Permit in regards with the regional tectonic setting (Dieng, 2012).
9.1.7 Rock Chip Sampling on the TOM-1 Target in 2012
During the 2012 field mapping program the writer collected 65 samples from the map area. All rocks chip samples with gold values greater than 1g/t were located in the TOM 1 North Target (Figure 9.16 and Table 9.1). These results largely repeated the values reported by Wega in 2007 (Table 6.1). All samples have been prepared and analyzed by SGS Laboratory in Bamako, Mali.
Au 1 Au 2 Au ppb Sample ID Northing Easting Sample Descriptions ppb ppb (Average)
TOM-1-008 1275987 437078 34.5 33.6 34 Altered brecciated and veined volcanoclastic
TOM-1-002 1275906 437006 13.2 12.2 12.7 Altered brecciated and veined volcanoclastic
TOM-1-061 1275486 436475 7.88 7.96 7.92 Altered sandstone
TOM-1-013 1275970 437094 5.59 5.25 5.42 Altered brecciated and veined volcanoclastic
TOM-1-012 1275956 437079 4.66 5.06 4.86 Altered brecciated and veined volcanoclastic
TOM-1-009 1275963 437079 2.46 2.6 2.53 Altered brecciated and veined volcanoclastic
TOM-1-003 1275982 437020 2.33 2.2 2.27 Altered brecciated and veined volcanoclastic
TOM-1-014 1275946 437086 2.16 1.96 2.06 Altered brecciated and veined volcanoclastic
TOM-1-048 1275527 436378 1.63 1.5 1.57 Gossan
Table 9.1: Significant Gold Values from 2012 litho-geochemical sampling program in TOM 1 North Target
A B
Figure 9.15: Photographs of Outcrops in TOM-1 North with gold values. A. Highly brecciated and altered sandstone rock. B. Highly brecciated and altered volcanoclastic rock
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Didi Mount
Figure 9.16: TOM-1 North Target Map showing litho-geochemical sampling program in 2012 and the best gold values
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9.2 Exploration Completed in 2017 – 2018
9.2.1. Summary of Exploration Works Completed in the Tomboko Permit in 2017 – 2018
From 2017 to 2018 Nortec completed a Diamond Drill (DD) and Rotary Air Blast (RAB) programs on the TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 Targets. Diamond Drill has been focused on TOM-1 North where high grade gold in rocks were discovered. Termites, soil and rocks geochemistry sampling have been completed over the interpreted mineralized structure at TOM-1 North (Table 9.2). Table 9.2 summarizes the exploration activities completed by Nortec between 2017 and 2018.
Drilling and Trenching Geochemistry Sampling Termite Prospect DD RAB Trenches Soil Rock Core Logging mounds Holes Meters Holes Meters Number Meters Number Number Number Detailed core logging structural TOM-1 19 1705.53 70 1564 2 52 330 114 185 and geological modelling
TOM-2 54 1661 0 0 0 0 0
TOM-3 19 777 0 0 0 0 25
TOTAL 19 1705.53 143 4002 2 52 444 210
Table 9.2: Summary of Nortec’s Activities between 2017 and 2018 on the Tomboko Permit
9.2.1.1 Drilling 9.2.1.1.1 Diamond Drilling
Following recommendations from detailed structural and geological field mapping completed in the Tomboko Permit in 2012 and a NI 43 101 technical report submitted in 2017, Nortec and Energold (Drilling contractor) completed between October 2017 and March 2018, 1,705.53 meters of diamond drill totalizing 19 holes in the TOM-1 North Prospect (Figure 9.17). In June 2018, a detailed geological and structural core logging was undertaken in order to: . determine the geological and structural setting of the TOM-1 North deposit . develop a sequence stratigraphic framework and the timing of deformation that affected the deposit . determine the controls on gold mineralization, the source and timing of the mineralizing fluids . establish a conceptual genetic model for the gold mineralization of the TOM-1 North deposit DD holes were drilled with 50o azimuth and inclined -50o with depth varying between 30 to 183 meters.
9.2.1.1.2 RAB Drilling 4,002 meters RAB were drilled totalizing 143 holes in the TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 (Figure 9.17).
. at TOM-1, 1,564 meters totalizing 70 holes were drilled with 50o azimuths and inclined -50o targeting the NW-striking shear zone systems. In TOM-1, holes depth varied between 2 meters and 31 meters
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. at TOM-2, 1,661 meters totalizing 54 holes were drilled with 320 azimuths and inclined -50o targeting NE-striking shear zone systems, holes depth varied between 9 meters and 51 meters. . at TOM-3, 777 meters totalizing 19 holes were drilled with 270 o azimuths and inclined -50o targeting NNE shear zones and the contact sediment-felsic intrusive, holes depth varying between 24 and 62 m.
The objectives of the RAB drilling program were to test the spatial close relationships between termite mounds gold anomalies from regional and infill geochemistry sampling and the interpreted shear zone systems.
9.2.1.2 Trenches
A total of 52 meters from two trenches were completed in TOM-1 North. The objectives of these trenches were to test high grade gold values obtained from rock chips sampling (Figure 9.17).
9.2.1.3 Geochemistry Sampling 9.2.1.3.1 Termite mounds and soil Geochemistry Sampling
An infill geochemistry termite mounds and soil sampling program was undertaken by Nortec in 2018 to cover the interpreted gold structure at the TOM-1 North Prospect on a grid of 50x50m and 100x50m. 444 samples were collected from soil and termite mounds (Figure 9.17).
9.2.1.3.2 Rock Chips Geochemistry Sampling
A rock chips sampling was undertaken in TOM-1 and TOM-3 between 2017 and 2018. A total of 185 samples were collected in TOM-1 and 25 samples in TOM-3.
Termite Geochemistry Au ppb
DDH Holes Trench RAB Holes
Infill Termite Geochemistry Survey
Figure 9.17: Map of the Tomboko Property showing location of Nortec’s activities between 2017 and 2018
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9.2.2. TOM-1 North Target 9.2.2.1. Diamond Drilling Program at TOM-1 North Target
Detailed database compilation and geological core logging including lithological, structural, mineralization and alteration was completed at TOM-1 North Target to improve our understanding of the geological and structural setting of the gold deposit, the type and the control of gold mineralization.
A plan view map at a scale of 1:1,000 encompassing approximately 1 km2 (Figure 9.20) and twelves NE- SW-oriented geological and structural cross-sectional maps at a scale of 1:1,000 (Figure 9.27) that include all drill holes implemented at TOM-1 North were interpreted from data collected from logging of oriented drill holes including structural measurements, petrographic determination and field investigations.
The objectives were to undertake a detailed geological and structural core logging and field investigations in order to develop a geological and structural model for the gold mineralization in the TOM-1 North area that can lead to a better understanding of the deposit and re-orient the next drilling program.
9.2.2.1.1 Geology
Three lithological units are identified in the TOM-1 North Target (Figure 9.20):
. to the West: An Early Paleoproterozoic greenschist facies turbidite sedimentary sequences composed of alternating layers of sandstone and siltstone (Figures 9.18 and 9.19) . At the center: Volcanoclastic sequence composed of tuffs and pyroclastic rocks (Figures 9.21 and 9.22) . to the East: Dolerite dyke of the Didi Mount (Photo 9.1) a. The Turbidite Sequences
The turbidite rocks are located in the western part of the deposit (Figure 9.20). They consist of centimeter to meter wide layers of fine-grained pelites and coarse-grained sandstone dipping eastward (Figure 9.18). At the vicinity of the mineralized structure or near the shear zone, the bedding appears disturbed and the rock has a brecciated appearance (Figure 9.19). Bedding in the turbidite sequence constantly indicates an upward fining stratigraphic younging direction which, is generally oriented toward ENE.
Bottom Core Bottom Core
Figure 9.18: Photograph of oriented-core from TOM-1 North deposit showing typical structural features in the turbidite unit. Interlayered millimetric to centimentric fine-grained siltstones and coarse-grained sandstone of the sedimentary sequence dipping Eastward. Cores are oriented.
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Figure 9.19: Disturbed and Brecciated Appearance of the Bedding in the Turbidite Rock near the Shear Zone
Didi Mount
Figure 9.20: Interpreted Geological and Structural Map of the TOM-1 North Gold Deposit showing the lithological units, the fault zone, the mineralized structure and the late fault systems that offset the deposit.
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The volcanoclastic rocks form a NNW-trending and steeply East-north-east-dipping sequence (Figure 9.20) and are composed of interbedded dark greenish band of tuffs (Figure 9.22) and pyroclastic rocks (Figure 9.21). The interlayering tuffaceous and pyroclastic rocks form choppy bedding that is usually gradual but locally sharp. The ash and lapilli layers are usually well sorted by the fragment size distribution that indicates eastward younging stratification direction.
Figure 9.21: Photographs showing Typical Petrographic Texture of the Lapilli Tuffs.
Figure 9.22: Photographs showing Typical Petrographic Texture of the Ash Tuffs.
The tuffaceous assemblages is well crystallized fine-grained material and homogenous fragment size and, are locally brecciated and micro-fractured close to the shear zone (Figure 9.22).
The pyroclastic assemblages are interlayered with the tuff and are characterized by a predominance of variably-sized, sub-angular, pale greenish-grey volcanic material particles (up to 80%) embedded in a fine- grained dark-green vitroclastic matrix (Figure 9.21). Fragments include mafic volcanic rocks and thinly laminated tuffaceous material Figure 9.21).
The volcanoclastic assemblages are likely produced by volcanic explosion associated with lava flows. The volcanoclastic rocks within the 2.2-2.3 Ga Siguiri Basin sedimentary sequence are evidence that the basin formed probably in an intracontinental rift setting associated with period of global extension. c. The Dolerite Dyke
Northward trending dolerite dikes crosscut all previous rocks and form the prominent high relief of the Didi Mount (Photo 9.1) that culminates at 900 meters altitude. They are undeformed vertical to sub-vertical and are concordant to the main lithological unit. The dolerite dikes are interpreted to extrude the Siguiri Basin at ca. 200 Ma and are probably related to the global-scale rifting during the breakup of the Pangea supercontinent and the opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
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Photo 9.1: The Prominent High Relief of the Didi Mount located immediately east of the TOM-1 North Target
9.2.2.1.2 Structures 9.2.2.1.2.1 Early Brittle-ductile NNW-striking ENE-steeply-dipping strike-slip Shear Zone Systems
The major structure that control the gold mineralization in TOM-1 North is a brittle-ductile NNW-striking (N340o), ENE- steeply-dipping (85o-80o) strike-slip shear zone systems (Figure 9.23) located at or near the contact between ash and lapilli tuffs but affect particularly the more competent lapilli tuffs. These brittle- ductile shear zone systems are closely associated with the hydrothermal alteration systems and the gold mineralization (Figure 9.27).
NB. During the 2012 structural mapping, these structures were mapped as shallowly west-dipping at 30o based on outcrops that were likely collapsed biasing therefore, the structural measurements.
Figure 9.23: Photograph of the Trench-02 at TOM-1 North showing the NNW-striking (N340o), ENE- steeply- dipping (80o) shear zone located at the contact between ash and lapilli tuffs.
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The structural measurements (foliation, bedding and lithological contact) derived from core logging suggest that the lithology dips at 80-85° towards ENE and strike N340o. These measured structural are similar to dip values of 85° and strike of 340° obtained from exposed trenches 01 and 02 (Figure 9.23).
The brittle-ductile NNW-striking, ENE-steeply-dipping shear zone displays a foliation (S1) and elongation lineation (L1) defined by stretched, elongated and rotated clasts in the lapilli tuff and a penetrative schistosity in the ash tuff (Figure 9.25). The brittle-ductile deformation fabric is heterogeneously developed within the volcanoclastic rocks likely due to the difference of rheology. The more competent rocks have a more brittle response to the stress field while the least competent rocks display a more ductile response. The brittle features include brecciation and veining (Figure 9.28). The brecciated rock is strongly hydrothermally altered, host high-grade gold mineralization, show evidence of fluid/rock interaction and is in place invaded by a stockwork of quartz veins (Figure 9.28).
At TOM-1 North planar and sigmoidal-shaped quartz-filled tension gashes mapped on outcrops are formed during the brittle-ductile deformation (Figure 9.24.A). These structural features are kinematic indicator and consistently indicate sinistral lateral sense of motion during shearing. Structural analysis of oriented outcrops indicates that the maximum compressive stress σ1 is oriented NW-SE and the minimum compressive stress σ3 is oriented NE-SW (Figure 9.24.A) (cf. Section 9.1.1.3).
A B
Figure 9.24: Photographs of various Structural Features in Plan-view and in Vertical section showing kinematic indicator of the brittle ductile shear zone consistent with NW-SE directed simple shear sinistral strike slip and reverse displacement
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Structural features of the shear zone in drill core include sigmoidal-shaped quartz-filled tension gashes (Figure 9.24.B) and stretched rotated clasts in the sheared lapilli tuffs (Figure 9.25). These structural features measured in a vertical section from oriented core are kinematic indicators that consistently indicate reverse vertical sense of motion during shearing.
Figure 9.25: Photographs of Typical Structural Features in the Shear Zone in Drill Core at TOM-1 North. A. and B. Sheared rocks with stretched and rotated clasts in lapilli tuffs. C. Sigmoidal-shaped quartz-filled tension gashes showing reverse sense of displacement in oriented core
These structural and textural relationships indicate that rocks in the map area have been deformed by a major brittle-ductile transpressional episode of deformation. Analysis of the structural features in plan-view and in vertical cross-section indicates the existence of a significant component of subhorizontal non-coaxial deformation, and is compatible with a regional transpressional reverse sinistral shearing deformation.
This style of deformation at TOM-1 North is likely associated with the second major ca. 2.0-2.1 Ga anti- clockwise block rotation compressional tectonism (D2) of the Late Eburnean Orogeny that resulted from
Alamako Corporation International Page 67 of 158 Independent Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Prospect an NW-SE-directed collision (σ1) between Archean blocs located further south and north of the Paleoproterozoic Siguiri Basin (e.g. Feybesse and Milési, 1994).
9.2.2.1.2.2 Late Fault Systems
Late post-mineralization NE- to ENE-trending brittle fault systems cross-cut and displace all lithology and the gold-bearing structures (Figures 9.26 and 9.20). These faults appear to be the youngest deformational phase that has affected the area. These late fault systems are conjugated-faults and display both dextral and sinistral strike separation (Figures 9.26 and 9.20).
The presence of these faults has made difficult first pass drilling of the gold structure at TOM-1 North. Geological and structural interpretation of the gold structure from detailed core logging, mapped the occurrence of these faults at deposit scale and can be observed at drill core-scale (Figure 9.26).
Figure 9.26: Photographs from drill core showing late micro-faults that offset the structure similar to those observed from the deposit scale structural interpretation
The drill geological cross-sections are presented in Figure 9.27
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TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 400 N
TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 850 N
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TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 800 N
TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 750 N
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TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 700 N
TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 650 N
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TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 600 N
TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 400 N
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TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 400 N
TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 400 N
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TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 400 N
TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 400 N Figure 9.27: Interpreted Geological and structural Cross-section of the Diamond Drilling program
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9.2.2.1.3 Hydrothermal alteration and mineral assemblages
Key hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblage associated with the mineralized system at TOM-1 North Target is: Chlorite, Calcite and Quartz, in form of veins or massive dissemination associated with abundant Magnetite and Pyrite, and minor Tourmaline and Arsenopyrite.
. Chlorite occurs as light-to dark green sheet-like aggregates or as disseminated patches (Figure 9.28) or in veins or pervasively disseminated in the groundmass probably replacing amphibole and biotite minerals in the volcanoclastic rock. Chlorite is also commonly associated with quartz and calcite in veins (Figure 9.28. A) or in the groundmass in the mineralized system. This chlorite-calcite association would suggest a syn-ore hydrothermal mineralizing fluid at temperature near 300oC during gold deposition.
. Calcite occurs as veinlets or disseminated and concentrated in irregular small patches. It can be found also intergrown with quartz or chlorite in veins (Figure 9.28). In some places, groundmass of the rock may be entirely made of chlorite. During hydrothermal alteration feldspar plagioclase mineral may be partially or nearly totally replaced by calcite both in the matrix and the individual mineral of the volcanoclastic rock. . Quartz is observed as veinlets and fills fractures or occurs as pervasive alteration of the wall-rock (Figure 9.28). A close association of quartz and chlorite was observed with quartz overgrowing the chlorite and forming rims around the chlorite grains (Figure 9.28.A). Quartz can occur as inclusion into the chlorite (Figure 9.28.G). Disseminated grains or micro-fractures filling-quartz occur within the magnetite groundmass (Figure 9.28.A). Quartz also occurs as stockwork brecciating the host rock.
. Tourmaline occurs as matte black needle grains with radial growth pattern in fracture of quartz veins (Figure 9.28.B)
. Magnetite. The most altered and mineralized rock shows extensive brecciation and cementation of the breccia fragments with magnetite (Figure 9.28). Breccia fragments vary in size from a few mm to more than 10 cm and float in a fine-grained, aphanitic, black groundmass almost entirely consisting of magnetite. The magnetite groundmass contains small, millimetric breccia fragments that look as if they were almost completely resorbed–probably digested during hydrothermal magnetite introduction. In the mineralized system the rock is generally strongly magnetized but in some place the intensity of the magnetization may be weak and the rock is weakly mineralized (Figures 9.28.I and J).
. Sulphide minerals Pyrite is the most abundant sulphide mineral present. Generally, two types of pyrite
are distinguished. 1) Anhedral pyrite (Py2) associated with the syn-ore hydrothermal mineralizing fluid occurs as inclusions in quartz veins, stringer veinlets, blebs, patches and fine grains disseminated into
the mineralized rock (Figure 9.28). 2) Euhedral pyrite (Py1) present both in the underformed and non- mineralized volcanoclastic rock and in the mineralized system wherein it is constrained by the
deformation (Figure 9.28). Py1 is not genetically associated with the syn-ore hydrothermal mineralizing system. It is massively present in the non-altered and undeformed rocks. Its origin is primary associated with the volcanoclastic rocks during their deposition in the oceanic basin, its formation involved
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chemical reaction between iron Fe2 and sulfur S during sediments deposition. Minor arsenopyrite is observed as very fine grains disseminated in the rock.
A Ca Py1 Ca B Mt Mt Mt Py2 Mt Tr Qz Qz Qz Mt Cl Mt Mt Cl Py2 Qz Ca Py2 Py2 Cl Mt Py2 Cl Qz Cl
C Mt D Mt Cl Cl Py2 Ca Ca Cl Cl Py1 Ca Py1 Py Cl 2 Py Mt 1 Ca Cl Py 2 Cl Py2 Qz Mt Qz
E F Py Py 1 Ca 1 Cl Mt Cl Py1 Qz Py2 Ca Py1 Mt Py2 Mt Qz Mt
G Qz Qz H Qz Py2
Qz Py 2 Mt Ca Py 2 Mt Py Cl Mt Mt Cl 2 Py Ca Py2 Py22 Cl
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I J Mt Mt Qz Py1 Py1 Py1 Cl Qz Mt
Py1 Mt Mt Mt Mt Py1 Py1
Figure 9.28: Photographs of Typical Mineral Assemblages and crosscutting relationships from TOM-1 North Gold Deposit
Polished thin sections microscopy study is necessary to determine the timing and mineral crosscutting relationships and to develop a detail and rigorous alteration mineral paragenesis for the gold mineralization in this area.
The bleached and fractured ash tuff (refer to as the westernmost layers of ash tuff in the volcanoclastic sequence) (Figure 9.29.A) is a distinctive massive alteration that affected the ash tuff and can be attributed to the invasion of syn- tectonic regional metamorphic hydrothermal fluids that circulated in the surrounding rocks and leached them from their mineral contents. In the least altered rock, bleached halo is observed along the micro-fracture systems. This layer contains massive Euhedral pyrite (Figure 9.29.A).
Close to the main deformation zone that hosts the gold mineralization the ash tuff is massively and pervasively chloritized and finely fractured with a swarm of quartz veins (Figure 9.29.B) (This ash tuff is refer to as metamorphosed ash tuff in the map Figure 9.20)
A B Micro-fracture Cl systems Qz
Py1 Cl
Py1 Qz
Qz Cl
Figure 9.29: Photograph showing various types of ash tuffs. A. Bleached and fractured ash tuff occupying the western portion of the deposit. B. Ash tuff pervasively chloritized and finely fractured with a swarm of quartz veins filling micro-fractures in close contact with the deformation zone.
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9.2.2.1.4 Gold Mineralization
The gold mineralization is strongly structurally controlled and is contained into the broad zone of deformation and hydrothermal quartz-calcite-chlorite-magnetite-pyrite-arsenopyrite-tourmaline alteration (Figure 9.30) hosted in sheared and brecciated volcanoclastic successions in the hanging-wall contacts between ash and lapilli tuffs and along a north-northwesterly-striking and steeply-east-northeast-dipping structure (Figure 9.27). The gold structure is estimated to have an average true thickness of 30 m with a strike length in excess of 1.5 km from termite mounds, soil and rock geochemistry survey. From results obtained so far it can be estimated an average grade of up to 2.5 g.t (Figure 9.27). Visible gold has not been observed form the core however, the extensive local mining down slope of the structure may indicate that gold might be free within the rocks.
A B
C D
E F
1.65 g/t
Figure 9.30: Photographs of different altered rocks associated gold mineralisation from TOM-1 North
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Significant gold intercepts from the 2018 Diamond Drilling program included:
. 24m @ 3.7g/t from 0-meter incl. [email protected]/t from 18 meters (Trench TBTR-001) . 19m @ 2.7g/t from 15 meters . 03m @ 2.7g/t from 31 meters
The following table shows the significant drilling intercepts obtained from the 2018 Diamond and RAB drilling program in the TOM 1 North Target.
Prospect Hole ID From (m) To (m) Interval (m) Grade (g/t) Intercepts Including
TOM1 North TBTR001 0 24 24 3.66 [email protected] g/t [email protected] gt
TOM1 North TBTR001 31 37 6 1.1 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0001A 38 39 1 0.98 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0003 15 18 3 2.7 [email protected]/t [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0005 0 2.36 2.36 0.6 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0006 0 2 2 0.27 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0006 57 59 2 0.35 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0006 79 80 1 6.5 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0006 150 157 7 0.12 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0007 31 50 19 2.7 [email protected] g/t [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0007 58 59 1 2.45 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0009 57 59 2 0.32 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0010 2 3 1 0.85 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0017 73 75 2 1.57 [email protected] g/t
TOM1 North TBDD0018 115 116 1 1.57 [email protected] g/t
Table 9.3: Significant Gold Intercepts from Diamond Drilling Program at TOM-1 North Target
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9.2.2.2. 2017 – 2018 Termite Mounds and Soil Geochemical Sampling at TOM-1 North Target
From termite mounds and soil geochemical survey, the gold anomalism displays a strong spatial correlation with the brittle-ductile NNW-striking and ENE-steeply-dipping strike-slip shear zone that control the gold mineralization (Figure 9.31).
. The gold anomaly covers the deposit, extends over 1.5 km and trends north-north-west with high gold value in termite mounds up to 3.5g/t, 3.1g/t and 1.9g/t immediately north of the drill-tested zone (Figure 9.32). These encouraging results confirm the possible northern extension of the deposit. . Far north a new gold anomaly trending NS and extending over 1 km is discovered (Figure 9.31).
1 km
Didi Mount
Location Map
Figure 9.31: TOM-1 North – 2018 Termite Mounds and Soil Geochemical Sampling Program and Results
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Didi Mount
Location Map
Figure 9.32: TOM-1 North Target 2018 Termite Mounds and Soil Geochemical Sampling Program and Best Results
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9.2.2.3. 2017 – 2018 Rock Chips Geochemical Sampling at TOM-1 North Target
Follow-up rock litho-geochemical sampling over the interpreted structural trends of the TOM-1 North Target returned highly significant gold values ranging from 1.42 g/t to 35.8 g/t (Figure 9.33 and Table 9.4)
A B
C D
13.1 g/t
E F
12.8 g/t 21.4 g/t
Figure 9.33: TOM-1 North Target Altered Rock Chips Samples showing High Gold Values
These high grades gold in in-situ outcrops immediately north of the drill-tested zone (Figure 9.34 and Table 9.4) as well confirm the possible northern extension of the deposit.
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Didi Mount
Location Map
Rock sampling Figure 9.34: TOM-1 North Target Map showing litho-geochemical Sampling Program and the best gold values
The following table shows the significant gold values obtained from the 2017-2018 litho-geochemical sampling program in the TOM 1 North Target.
Sample ID Easting Northing Au ppm Sample Descriptions
RKTB000001 436403 1275403 1.34 foliated sediment with quartz veinlets N320/65°SW
RKTB000002 436414 1275401 4.98 Outcrop Quartz vein N060/70°SSE
RKTB000007 436419 1275405 12.3 Oxidized rock with Quartz vein fractured RKTB000010 436887 1275743 6.16 Float Oxidized Sediment rocks with limonite, iron
RKTB000011 436920 1275788 1.66 Float Oxidized Sediment rocks with limonite, iron
RKTB000012 436941 1275810 35.6 Oxidized Sediment with quartz vein, limonite, iron
RKTB000019 437090 1275969 1.71 Quartz vein N060
RKTB000036 444886 1275910 5.95 Oxidized rock with vein.
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Sample ID Easting Northing Au ppm Sample Descriptions
RKTB000134 437068 1275918 3.19 Gossan
RKTB000137 437140 1275993 3.862 Gossan
RKTB000139 436928 1276105 2.99 Gossan
RKTB000140 436903 1276156 1.423 Gossan
RKTB000141 436989 1276202 8.40 Gossan RKTB000142 436972 1276192 8.87 Gossan RKTB000143 436937 1276198 7.78 Gossan
RKTB000145 437051 1275912 1.34 Gossan
RKTB000146 436902 1276160 2.753 Gossan
RKTB000147 436902 1276160 13.12 Gossan RKTB000148 436925 1276170 8.09 Gossan RKTB000149 436994 1276200 21.42 Gossan
RKTB000153 437006 1276240 1.87 Oxidized rock + Boxwork + magnetite + quartz
RKTB000154 436979 1276239 6.28 Oxidized rock + Boxwork + magnetite + quartz
RKTB000155 436999 1276275 3.78 Float Oxidized rock magnetite
RKTB000156 436983 1276283 4.14 quartz + magnetite + Boxwork (Float) Pyroclastic
RKTB000157 436996 1276291 6.84 Strongly magnetite Boxwork + quartz (pyroclastic)
RKTB000159 437008 1276308 1.42 quartz vein + magnetite + Boxwork (photo)
RKTB000182 437039 1276299 1.37 Oxidized rock magnetite-quartz
RKTB000196 437141 1275991 4.602 Gossan
RKTB000197 437141 1275993 6.31 Gossan
RKTB000198 437141 1275986 1.003 Gossan
RKTB000201 437132 1275975 1.967 Gossan
RKTB000202 436910 1276101 12.89 Gossan RKTB000203 437039 1276002 5.404 Gossan RKTB000204 437039 1276002 6.26 Gossan
RKTB000206 437064 1276013 1.346 Gossan
RKTB000209 437131 1275996 1.076 Gossan
RKTB000210 437068 1275918 1.427 Gossan
Table 9.4: Significant gold values from 2017-2018 litho-geochemical Sampling Program in TOM 1 North Target
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9.2.2.4. RAB Drilling Program at TOM-1 North Target
RAB Drilling at the TOM-1 North Target tested north-north-western mineralized trends (Figure 9.36).
Results include isolated clusters of 1.0 to 4.0m intercepts of gold mineralization mostly from the surface with grades ranging from 0.33 to 7.0 g/t (over 1 meter) (Table 9.5) which, could not be correlated to the mapped structure. The highest and longest gold intersections were from hole TBRB0002 that intersected 0.88g/t over 4.0 m including [email protected]/t. The drill geological cross-sections are presented in Figure 9.37.
Prospect Hole ID From (m) To (m) Interval (m) Grade (g/t) Intercepts Incl.
TOM-1 North TBRB0002 0 4 4 0.88 [email protected] g/t [email protected] g/t
TOM-1 North TBRB0004 0 2 2 0.65 [email protected] g/t
TOM-1 North TBRB0005 0 2 2 1.58 [email protected] g/t
TOM-1 North TBRB0006 0 2 2 2.12 [email protected] g/t [email protected] g/t
TOM-1 North TBRB0007 0 1 1 7.46 [email protected] g/t
TOM-1 North TBRB0007A 0 2 2 3.01 [email protected] g/t
TOM-1 North TBRB0025 11 16 5 0.33 [email protected] g/t
TOM-1 North TBRB0027 1 2 1 7.15 [email protected] g/t
Table 9.5: RAB Drilling Program at TOM-1 North (west) Target Significant Gold Intercepts
Diamond Drilling west of TOM-1 deposit. Structural measurements obtained from the single diamond drill line (Line 100N, TBDD001A and TBDD002) completed west of TOM-1 North demonstrates that west of TOM-1 North the bedding is west dipping at 50o-45o consistent with structural measurements obtained from outcrops.
Diamond Drill Holes TBDD001A and TBDD002 in TOM-1 North (west)
Figure 9.35: Structural Measurements west of TOM-1 North showing bedding dipping at 45o westward
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Figure 9.36: TOM-1 North Target (west) Location of the DD and RAB drilling program
SE
NW
TOM-1 North Geological and Structural Cross-Section Line 100N
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SE
NW
TOM-1 North Geological Cross Section Line 450 N
SE NW
TOM-1 North Geological Cross Section Line 600 N
SE
NW
TOM-1 North Geological Cross Section Line 700 N Figure 9.37: TOM-1 North Target (west) Geological Cross-section of the DD and RAB drilling programs
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Interpretation: Structural Evolution of the TOM-1 North Gold Deposit
Geological and structural relationships, petrographic and alteration assemblage demonstrate that the Tomboko gold deposit is a classic example of a Mesothermal Shear-Zone-controlled, Orogenic-type gold mineralization, hosted in greenstone folded and deformed volcanoclastic successions of lapilli and ash tuffs. The structural evolution of the deposit can be summarized as followed (Figures 9.40 to 9.45):
1. Following global tectonic extension and intra-continental rifting during the Early Paleoproterozoic (Figure 9.40), sediments of the Siguiri Basin were deposited in a tectonically active extensional fault- bounded deep to moderately shallow basin at ca 2.3-2.2 Ga and rest on ca. 3.0 Ga Archean granitic rocks (Milési et al., 1989; Thieblemont et al., 2001). Deposition of the sediments was accompanied by explosive volcanism and formation of the volcanoclastic rocks (ash and lapilli tuffs) (Figure 9.40).
Figure 9.40: Deposition of the Siguiri Basin Sediments in a tectonically active basin during the Paleoproterozoic
2. The first deformation D1 that affected the Siguiri Basin occurred at ca 2.1 Ga and involved a regional NE-SW-directed collisional pure-shear-dominated crustal shortening transpressional deformation attributed to the Early Eburnean Orogeny (Feybesse et al. 2006). This deformation was accompanied by massive folding, thrusting and faulting across the Siguiri Basin. At TOM-1 North structural measurements demonstrate that the sedimentary sequence dips west in the west and east in the eastern side of the TOM-1 Target forming a fold system which axis trending NNW accommodating the NE- SW compression (Figure 9.41). This deformation is consistent with the NE-SW compressional Orogeny of the late Eburnean deformation (Egal et al., 2002).
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Figure 9.41: D1 Deformation of the Early Eburnean Orogeny at ca 2.1 Ga, folding thrusting and shearing
3. The second deformation D2, is associated with the formation (or reactivation) of the brittle-ductile NNW-striking, ENE-steeply-dipping strike-slip shear zone systems that affected contacts between volcano-clastic successions (Figure 9.42). These lithological contacts were preexisting structural weak zones that focused the energy of the deformation. The sense of displacement along the shear zone systems was reverse-sinistral as measured in outcrops
and drill cores (Figure 9.24). The deformation D2 was accompanied by dilation and extension along the fault zone (Figure 9.42). The mode of deformation was likely a left-stepping geometry forming pull-apart system or fault jog in a sinistral-reverse compressional tectonism that created favorable structural traps for hydrothermal mineralizing fluids flow, water-rock interaction, hydrothermal alteration and gold deposition that form the TOM-1 North deposit. The hydrothermal mineralizing fluids likely derived from metamorphic fluids generated during metamorphism or from magmatic
hydrothermal fluids derived from syn-orogenic Calco-alkaline magmas associated with the D2 thermo- tectonism and localized along pronounced ENE-trend further south of the deposit (Figure 9.14). Gold mineralization was concomitant with pervasive chlorite-calcite-quartz and magnetite alteration associated with precipitation of pyrite and arsenopyrite (Figure 9.28) likely at temperature near 300oC. This alteration and mineralization systems were preserved through the brittle-ductile shear zone.
The paleo-compressive stress in D2 is interpreted to be NW-SE-directed simple-shear-dominated sinistral-reverse and can therefore be correlated with the ca 2.0 Ga Eburnean Orogeny (Feybesse et al. 2006) that have affected the West African Shield.
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Figure 9.42: D2 Deformation of the Late Eburnean Orogeny at ca 2.0 Ga and formation of the gold deposit
4. During the Mesozoic at ca 200 Ma, faults reactivation, concomitant with the Pangea Supercontinent breakup and opening of the Atlantic Ocean, created pathways for dolerite magma ascension and emplacement (Hirdes et al., 1996). These dolerite dykes cross-cut all lithology and are the youngest geological events that affected the area (Figure 9.43). They form the prominent relief of Didi Mount.
Figure 9.43: Mesozoic Reactivation and Emplacement of the Dolerite Dyke forming the Didi Mount
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5. The TOM-1 North deposit is overprinted by numerous NE to ENE-striking late fault systems that create numerous offset of the deposit rendering difficult drilling the gold structure (Figure 9.44). These faults cut all lithology and are likely produced by far field tectonic event and fault reactivation during the neo-tectonic deformation events.
Figure 9.44: Late Post-Mesozoic Brittle Faulting and offset of the Gold Deposit
2.1 Ga D1 2.0 Ga D2 Folding Thrusting Shearing
Gold 200 Ma Didi Deposit Mount
NE
SW
Sedimentary Sequence Volcano-clastic sucession
Figure 9.45: Geological and Structural Profile across the TOM-1 Gold deposit
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9.2.2.5. RAB Drilling Program at TOM-1 South Target
RAB Drilling at TOM-1 South tested northwestern trending gold anomaly in termite mounds (Figure 9.46). Results show that the mineralization is weak in this zone (Figure 9.47). The best gold intersections were from the hole TBRB0061 that intersected 0.54g/t over 12m including [email protected]/t (Table 9.6)
Prospect Hole ID From (m) To (m) Interval (m) Grade (g/t) Intercept Incl. TOM-1 South TBRB0042 12 13 1 1.05 [email protected] g/t TOM-1 South TBRB0061 14 26 12 0.54 [email protected] g/t [email protected] g/t Table 9.6: RAB Drilling Program at TOM-1 South Target and Significant Gold Intercepts
Figure 9.46: TOM-1 South Target Location of the RAB drilling program SE NW
TOM-1 South Target. Geological Cross Section Line TS1 - 0 N
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SE NW
TOM-1 South Target. Geological Cross Section Line TS1 - 200 N SE NW
TOM -1 South Target. Geological Cross Section Line TS1 - 400 N SE NW
TOM-1 South Target. Geological Cross Section Line TS1 - 600 N SE NW
[email protected] g/t incl. [email protected]/t
TOM-1 South Target. Geological Cross Section Line TS1 - 800 N
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SE NW
TOM-1 South Target. Geological Cross Section Line TS1 - 1,000 N
Figure 9.47: TOM-1 South Target Geological Cross-section of the RAB drilling program
9.2.3 RAB Drilling Program at TOM-2 Target
RAB Drilling at the TOM-2 Target tested a north-eastern-striking south-east-dipping mineralized structure that displays a strong correlation with the surface gold geochemistry anomaly (Figure 9.48). The best intercepts were obtained from Line 1,000 N (Table 9.7) including:
. 39m @ 0.7 g/t from 3m including [email protected]/t . 18m @ 0.5 g/t from surface . 10m @ 0.6 g/t from surface . 06m @ 1.5 g/t from surface
These intercepts are associated with deformed sandstone of the sedimentary sequence that was affected by a NE-striking, SE-dipping brittle-ductile strike-slip shear zones (section 9.1.1.3.2)
Intercepts in others sections include isolated clusters of 1.0 to 8.0 m intercepts of gold mineralization with low grades ranging from 0.14 to 3.3g/t (over 1 meter) (Figure 9.49 and Table 9.7). The highest gold grade is intercepted over only 1m @ 3.13g/t from the hole TBRB0107 (Table 9.7).
These results corroborate previous structural interpretation about the formation of the NE-striking, SE- dipping brittle-ductile strike-slip shear zones at TOM-2. The shear zone forms along strike a succession of dilatational or extensional zones that host the gold mineralization and compressional or restriction zones. These results show there is possible northern extension of the mineralized zone over 1 km (Figure 9.48)
Prospect Hole ID From (m) To (m) Interval (m) Grade (g/t) Intercept Incl. TOM2 South TBRB0069 3 42 39 0.7 [email protected] g/t [email protected]/t TOM2 South TBRB0070 0 18 18 0.5 [email protected] g/t TOM2 South TBRB0071 0 10 10 0.6 [email protected] g/t TOM2 South TBRB0073 0 6 6 1.5 [email protected] g/t TOM2 South TBRB0081 19 27 8 0.14 [email protected] g/t TOM2 South TBRB0085 11 18 7 0.27 [email protected] g/t TOM2 North TBRB0107 15 16 1 3.13 [email protected] g/t TOM2 North TBRB0112 2 3 1 1.82 [email protected]/t Table 9.7: RAB Drilling Program at TOM-2 Target Significant Gold Intercepts
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Figure 9.48: TOM-2 Target Location of the RAB Drilling Program
SE
NW
[email protected] g/t [email protected] g/t incl. [email protected]/t
TOM-2 Geological Cross Section Line 1,000 N
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SE
NW
TOM-2 Geological Cross Section Line 800 N
SE
NW
TOM-2 Geological Cross Section Line 600 N SE
NW
TOM-2 Geological Cross Section Line 2200 N SE NW
TOM-2 Geological Cross Section Line 2400 N
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SE NW
TOM -2 Geological Cross Section Line 2400 N
Figure 9.49: Geological Cross-section of the RAB Drilling Program at TOM-2 Target
9.2.4 RAB Drilling Program at TOM-3 Target
RAB Drilling at the TOM-3 Target tested high gold grade in termite mounds and rock chips (Figure 9.50).
Results include isolated clusters of 1.0 to 4.0 m intercepts of gold mineralization mostly from the surface with grades ranging from 0.33 to 4.08 g/t over 1m (Figure 9.51 and Table 9.8).
Prospect Hole ID From (m) To (m) Interval (m) Au Grade (g/t) Intercept
TOM-3 East TBRB0126 44 48 4 0.13 [email protected] g/t
TOM-3 East TBRB0127 29 34 5 0.38 [email protected] g/t
TOM-3 East TBRB0138 4 5 1 1.51 [email protected] g/t
TOM-3 East TBRB0140 11 12 1 4.08 [email protected] g/t
Table 9.8: RAB Drilling Program at TOM-3 Target and Significant Gold Intercepts
E
W
TOM-3 Cross Section Line 100 N
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Figure 9.50: Location of the RAB Drilling Program at TOM-3 Target
E W
TOM-3 Cross Section Line 00 N E W
TOM -3 Cross Section Line 100 N Figure 9.51: Geological Cross-section of the RAB Drilling Program at TOM-3 Target
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9.2.5 2017 – 2018 Rock Chips Geochemical Sampling at TOM-3 Target
Follow-up rock litho-geochemical sampling over the termite mounds anomaly at TOM-3 Target returned highly significant gold values ranging from 0.11 g/t to 5.95 g/t (Figure 9.52 and Table 9.9)
Rock sample>0.5g.t
Figure 9.52: TOM-3 Target Map showing litho-geochemical Sampling Program and the Best Gold Values
The following table shows the significant gold values obtained from the 2017-2018 litho-geochemical sampling program in the TOM-3 Target.
Prospect Sample ID Easting Northing Zone Au Grade (g/t) Descriptions
TOM3 RKTB000025 444539 1274953 29 0.82 Quartz vein TOM3 RKTB000028 444902 1275835 29 0.94 Quartz vein
TOM3 RKTB000036 444886 1275910 29 5.95 Quartz vein TOM3 RKTB000038 444891 1275910 29 0.48 Quartz vein
TOM3 RKTB000039 444900 1275908 29 0.4 Quartz vein
TOM3 RKTB000040 444904 1275910 29 0.11 Quartz vein
Table 9.9: Significant Gold Values from 2017-2018 litho-geochemical Sampling Program in TOM-3 Target
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10 DRILLING
Nortec completed a single drilling program of diamond (DD) and Rotary Air Blast (RAB) drilling in their Tomboko Property in 2017-2018. The supervision of all procedures and training of personnel involved with drilling, sampling, and logging routines, is undertaken by experienced expatriate personnel with many years’ experience in drilling procedures. Direct supervision for the onsite drilling operations lies with Guinean national geologists, who remain with their assigned rig at all times.
10.1 Diamond Drilling Diamond core drilling is undertaken using a Track-Mounted 611 drill rigs. An HQ (63 mm diameter) core size is routinely adopted for the shallow oxide material to maximize recovery. NTW (56 mm diameter) is used for drilling hard rock below the saprolite. Diamond drilling is undertaken on two 12-hour shifts. Diamond holes are inclined at -50º and oriented N050o azimuth. The drill hole spacing is 50 to 100 meters within the deposit. The depth is also variable (30 to 183m downhole). A core Refex orientation spear is applied at the completion of every drill run, to enable the determination of structural orientations. At the completion of each drilling run, the core is removed from the barrel, placed in galvanized steel trays that are clearly labelled with the hole number, tray number, and interval. A driller’s block is annotated with the depth and placed at the end of each run. The core trays are carefully stacked and carefully transported to the Nortec camp core yard located at 10 km from the drilling site. Hole identification contains a prefix (TBDD-xxx) and a suffix in increasing numerical order.
10.2 Rotary Air Blast (RAB) Drilling Nortec completed the RAB drilling program under contract by Sen-Drill Consulting and Services using truck-mounted Houlotte RAB rig with onboard 9 bars compressor capacity. Drilling was made on a 10- hour single day shift basis, under the supervision of expatriate drillers, and executed by trained Guinean national personnel. Samples are collected at 1 meter intervals downhole via a cyclone mounted to the side of the rig, no composites were sampled at this stage of the exploration in Tomboko. Holes are inclined at -50º and are drilled to blade bit refusal (typically the top of fresh bedrock) on a nominal 200 x 30 meters or 100 x 30 meters’ pattern. All holes are logged and sampled by trained national geologists, under the supervision of experienced expatriate geologists. The data collected via RAB drilling is used for geological interpretations.
10.3 Drilling Quality Current drilling practices at Nortec in their Tomboko Property can be considered generally to be of a high quality, broadly consistent with international industry standards. Drilling practices are also benefiting from closer supervision of more experienced exploration management, complimented by a periodic review of the exploration procedures. The quality of drilling can be considered as excellent.
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All drill holes completed in the Tomboko Property are planned to intersect the mineralized structures at right angle but in some situations this is not possible due to field condition leading some holes to have not been drilled with the most optimum dip or azimuth. Samples are collected systematically every meter in all drill type. Diamond core sampling is more detailed, and is niche sampled, with the core marked up by the geologist logging the hole. The sample intervals may represent geological features of less than 1 meter, or by default sampled at 1 meter intervals. Some technical parameters of the drill operation are recording by the on-site geologist. These include . verify that the rig is aligned properly (drill collar, azimuth and inclination are correct). . measure the position of the collar using a high precision GPS. . verify core orientation using the spear-reflex tool.
Core orientation by a spear-marking tool is used from end of transition to end of hole after each coring run. Materials required by the geologist in attendance during drilling operation include:
. Compass (with clinometer) corrected for magnetic declinaison . GPS for positioning the drill collar (1-minute average measurement if available on field model) . 3 meters long metallic measuring tape (metric) . Felt marker (black) . Felt marker (red) for marking long axis of core orientation . Rubber ties to tie core box bottom and top before shipping to camp . Plywood tags (for insertion and marking of drill runs) . Logging forms: Diamond core data form, Diamond core log codes, Structural logging, RQD form, Chain of Custody Field Transport, daily drilling report, driller instruction, induction form.
10.3.1 RAB Drill Hole Logging Once homogenized to some degree by splitting, a representative sample is collected from each one-meter and wet screened to provide chips for logging by a national geologist. Representative one-meter washed chips from each RAB drill sample are stored in partitioned and consecutively numbered hard plastic chip trays, which are stored to provide a permanent record of the geology of the hole for later reference. Logging is recorded directly into Excel software on hand-held recording by geologists: . Hole number . Interval (depth) . Sample number . Lithology . Color . Fabric style . Alteration mineralogy style and intensity . Quartz veining and fracturing . Sulphide mineralization, if present . Oxidation state.
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These data are directly down-loaded or transferred into an Excel Database by national geologists and validated by the senior expatriate geologist manager, before being accepted into the Excel Master Drilling Database to await analytical results from the Lab.
10.3.2 Diamond Core Logging On the field, recovery is measured and marked up into meter interval; the individual trays are then photographed using a digital camera, and the images stored in a Master Folder Database. On arrival at the core yard at the Nortec’s Camp, the diamond hole number is recorded and the trays laid out on the ground in consecutive order. Geological logging of diamond drill holes is completed in a similar manner to RAB drill holes, but to a greater degree of detail. The additional detail includes the description of specific structures and alteration styles, along with their width, intensity and associated mineral assemblage.
Once the core has been air dried for at least 24 hours, it is cut in ½ using the diamond saw: . soft whole core, such as laterite and saprolite, is cut dry to prevent smearing of clay hiding structure. . whole saprock and hard rock core are cut wet to prevent overheating of the saw and its premature deterioration
The half core of each sample is bagged, a numbered sample tag inserted in the bag and the bag sealed using 4 staples. The sample number is added on the upper portion of the bag using a marker.
Samples are shipped to the SGS laboratory in Bamako, Mali. The shipment is accompanied with an instruction letter and an exportation authorization with a complete list of samples.
10.3.3 Logging Quality All geological logging was conducted within suitable industry standards, based on systems set up similar to those used regularly in other major gold exploration companies.
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11 SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH
11.2 RAB Sampling The one-meter RAB field samples are collected off the cyclone and laid out on the ground in consecutive rows of 10 samples. Field technicians pour the entire sample through a splitter, collecting a representative 1-meter sample, providing approximately 2 to 3 kg for SGS laboratory submission. Pre-numbered sample ticket books are used to manually record the hole number and sample interval, the sample number is written on the plastic sample bag, and the ticket stapled to the inside of the bag. In the situation where field samples become moist and spear sampling is not practical, manual scoop sampling is adopted. Approximately 1 in 20 samples are duplicated in the field. Quality Assurance/Quality Control standard samples are also added and recorded for internal standards of the contract laboratory performance.
11.3 Diamond Core Sampling Once all technical data has been derived from the core, individual billets are then halved lengthwise using a diamond saw, to consistently cut along the orientation line, before being correctly placed back into the tray. The half-core is then niche sampled by geological interest, or by meter interval, ensuring that the same side is consistently sampled, and placed into plastic bags labelled with the assigned sample number. The resulting samples are then submitted (by hole) to the laboratory for analysis. The residual half core is catalogued, and stored, in dedicated side-loading racks in the core yard for reference purposes. The trays are consecutively racked and clearly relabeled with the hole number, tray number, and interval.
11.4 Sample Recovery Sen-Drill used 77 mm diameter RAB drill holes that yielded a volume recovery of dry samples near 20 kg/m in saprolite and 30 kg/m in fresh rock indicating acceptable recoveries of approximately 100%. Diamond core recoveries are routinely recorded as part of the standard geological logging practice. The vast majority of diamond core have recoveries of 100% regularly achieved, rarely falling below 90%, except in highly fractured zones or in cavities in the saprolite due to local mining by the local population. Minor core loss tends to occur due to washing and/or grinding at the commencement and completion of drilling runs, particularly within the partially oxidized portion of the profile, or within friable shear zones.
11.5 Analytical Laboratories Nortec used the analytical services of the SGS laboratory in Bamako for Fire Assay and Aqua Regia and the SGS laboratory in Ouagadougou for Leach Well. SGS laboratories in Bamako and Ouagadougou are internationally recognized independent laboratories certified by National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA), and under ISO 9000.
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12. SAMPLE PREPARATION ANALYSIS AND SECURITIES
The RAB samples are prepared and collected from the drill rig. Then, they are delivered to the Nortec Camp core yard facility for sample pre-preparation before chipped to the SGS pulp preparation laboratory in Bamako every time a sufficient number of samples are collected and bagged. The diamond core is transferred to the core yard for processing and sampling prior to submission. The entire procedure is undertaken by national geologists and is closely supervised by expatriate geological personnel. Reference material for all samples is appropriately retained and stored, including chip trays derived from RAB drilling, half-core and photographs generated by diamond drilling, and duplicate pulps and residues of all submitted samples. Assessment of the data indicates that the assay results are generally consistent with the logged alteration and mineralization.
Wega’s QA/QC Procedures for the Tomboko Gold Project in 2007-2008 Control of the laboratory quality sample preparation and analytical procedures was done via the use of duplicates and the insertion of Wega “sterile” and “standards” amounting 10.2% of the total number of samples shipped to the laboratory . Duplicates: once samples are returned, preselected duplicates are sent to the SGS-Siguiri lab for fire assay (FA505) and bottle roll cyanidation on 2 kg (BLE61N). The SGS lab returned duplicates pulps and rejects to Wega for permanent storage at its Kankan Lab facilities. . Sterile: these consist of 3-kg samples of minus 5mm barren to near barren material from a specific site tested and having less than 20 ppb gold at the 90% confidence level. . Wega Standard 61d: 1.5-kg of the above sterile is bagged, a depression is made at the surface in which is poured a 60-g aluminum pouch of OREAS 61d standard (4.76 g/t). A second 1.5 kg of sterile is added, the specified numbered sample tag is added, the bag sealed and the sample number written on the bag. Wega’s standards are not homogenized to deliberately leave a strong nugget effect to better check the laboratory sample preparation procedures . Wega Standard 62Pb: as above, 1.5-kg of sterile is bagged, a depression is made at the surface in which is poured a 60-g aluminum pouch of OREAS 62Pb standard (11.33 g/t). A second 1.5 kg of sterile is added, the specified sample tag is added, the bag sealed and the sample number written
Nortec’s QA/QC Program Quality Control Procedures Nortec’s assay files include field blanks, commercial reference standards materials and duplicate samples to provide Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC) on drill sample results. Nortec used three different standards for the Tomboko drilling program with a range of gold grades from 0.21 to 5.87g/t. Nortec also obtained and reviewed at least some of the internal blank, standard and duplicate control results used by the SGS Lab.
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Sample Preparation and Analytical Procedures by SGS
All exploration drilling samples were exclusively assayed at the SGS laboratory in Bamako (Mali). The SGS sample preparation and analytical approaches are summarized as follows:
Figure 12.1: Fire Assay Sample preparation by SGS Bamako (Mali)
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Figure 12.2: Fire Assay Analytical method by SGS Bamako (Mali)
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Figure 12.3: Aqua Regia Sample preparation by SGS Bamako (Mali)
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13. DATA VERIFICATION The author verified the quality control sample used by Nortec for their drilling and sampling program. A review of the standard assay results reveals no apparent bias. The different standards used display a 99% correlation to the recommended values and duplicate samples have good correlation with paired-samples. The blank assaying returned acceptable results.
From data exposed in the following paragraphs it can be conclude that the exploration data are reliable guide and can be used with confident to interpret gold structures from the drilling program and from the soil and termite mounds geochemistry.
Nortec established a program of Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) to monitor accuracy and precision of the assay results from the SGS laboratory in Mali. All samples from drilling, trenches and termite mounds geochemistry sampling (Table 13.1) were analyzed by SGS. SGS is an independent and internationally recognized commercial laboratory in Bamako, Mali.
Fire Assays Aqua Regia Leach Well
Activities Check samples Count of Mean Count of Mean Count of Mean samples (Au ppm) samples (Au ppm) samples (Au ppb) ST590 33 0.21 76 0.209 ST623 32 2.02 74 2.1 Drilling ST726 28 5.87 75 5.84 Blank 93 0.006 225 0.005 Duplicate 98 225 ST590 1 0.22 ST623 1 2.02 Trench ST726 1 6.02 Blank 3 0.01 Duplicate 2 0.07 Termite Blank 22 0.27
Table 13.1: Parameters of the Drilling, Trenches and Termites QA/QC samples for different analysis-types
13.1 Drilling Same type of check samples and insertion sequence were used with diamond (DD) and RAB drilling:
. Certified Reference Material (standard): ST590, ST623 and ST726 from Gannet Holdings PTY. Ltd an Australian company. The certified value and standard deviation were provided by Gannet. . Duplicate: the sample is divided into two by splitting for RAB sample and for a diamond drill sample, the half core is divided into 2 samples. . Blank: barren gneiss material commonly used by SAG.
Each type of check samples was inserted every twenty (20) samples.
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13.1.1 Diamond Drilling A total of 284 check samples were analyzed with Fire Assays by SGS Lab in Mali. Three sets of QA/QC samples are plotted: Standard: 93 samples, Duplicates: 98 samples and Blanks: 93 samples 13.1.2 Standards Commercial pulped standards (Table 13.2) have been inserted into sample batches sent to SGS Lab in Mali to identify accuracy. A total of 93 standard samples from 3 different standards were used: . ST726 (28) with grade 5.85 g/t and Standard Deviation 0.19 . ST590 (33) with grade 0.22 g/t and Standard Deviation 0.01 . ST623 (32) with grade 2.0 g/t and Standard Deviation 0.08
Standard Upper Threshold Lower Threshold Count of assays Mean Certified Value Exp SD Code (3 SD) (3 SD)
ST590 33 0.21 0.22 0.01 0.25 0.19
ST623 32 2.02 2 0.08 2.24 1.76
ST726 28 5.87 5.85 0.19 6.42 5.28
Table 13.2: Statistical Parameters for Standards of Diamond Drill Samples analyzed by Fire Assays
The standards SGS-ST726, ST590 and ST623 display a 99% correlation to the recommended values and therefore a good accuracy in the sample analysis (Figures 13.1, 2 and 3).
Figure 13.1: Standard SGS-ST726 control chart. Fire Assays Analysis of Diamond Drill Samples
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0.275 SGS-ST590 Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples
0.25 3 SD High 2 SD High 1 SD High 0.225
1 SD Low Au ppm Au 0.2 2 SD Low 3 SD Low
0.175
0.15 1 6 11 16 21 26 31
Standard Samples
Figure 13.2: Lab Standard SGS-ST590 Control Chart. Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples
2.5 SGS-ST623 Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples
2.25 3 SD High 2 SD High 1 SD High 2
Au ppm Au 1 SD Low 2 SD Low 1.75 3 SD Low
1.5 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 Standard Samples
Figure 13.3: Lab Standard SGS-ST623 Control Chart. Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples
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13.1.3 Duplicates
A total of 98 pulps (Table 13.3) from core samples have been repeated. The analysis of repeat assays (“duplicates”) was used to check precision of the assay process.
The plot of original and duplicate core samples (Figure 13.4) indicates that majority of samples (92%) have good correlation with samples pairs. Only 4% fall out of the 10% error line, probably due to nuggets effect usually associated with free gold in the sample.
Sample Set Count of assays Mean Min Max Standard Deviation
Original Assay 98 0.082 0.005 3.64 0.39
Duplicate Assay 98 0.093 0.005 3.4 0.41
Table 13.3: Statistical Parameters for Duplicates of Diamond Drill Samples analyzed by Fire Assays
Figure 13.4: Duplicate Control Chart for Diamond Drilling Samples
13.1.4 Blanks A total of 93 blanks were assayed with Fire Assays by SGS Lab-Bamako to monitor gold contamination.
From these 93 blanks, only 5 samples returned results greater than the detection limit 0.01g/t representing 5% (Figure 13.5). All samples fall below the tolerance detection limit of 0.025 g/t defined as less than 5 times the Analytical Detection Limit. The inserted blanks indicate no issue regarding possible contamination.
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0.1
0.09
0.08 SGS-Blank Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples
0.07
0.06
0.05
Au ppm Au 0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Blank Samples
Figure 13.5: SGS-Blank Lab Standard Control Chart Fire Assays Diamond Drill Samples
13.2 RAB Drilling
A total of 675 check samples were analyzed with Aqua Regia by SGS Lab in Mali. Three sets of QA/QC were plotted: Standard: 225 samples, Duplicates: 225 samples and Blanks: 225 samples.
13.2.1 Standard RAB Drilling
The standard (ST590, ST623 and ST726) used for the diamond drill samples were used for RAB drill samples (Figure 13.4). All standards show a 99% correlation to the recommended values and a very good accuracy (Figures 13.6 to 13.8).
Standard Upper Threshold Lower Threshold Count of assays Mean Certified Value Exp SD Code (3 SD) (3 SD)
ST590 76 0.209 0.22 0.01 0.25 0.19
ST623 74 2.1 2 0.08 2.24 1.76
ST726 75 5.84 5.85 0.19 6.42 5.28
Table 13.4: Statistical Parameters for RAB Drill Samples Standards Analyzed by Aqua Regia
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0.275 SGS-ST590 Aqua Regia RAB
0.25 3 SD High 2 SD High 1 SD High 0.225
1 SD Low Au ppm Au 0.2 2 SD Low 3 SD Low
0.175
0.15 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 Standard Samples
Figure 13.6: Lab Standard SGS-ST590 Control Chart. Aqua Regia RAB samples
7 SGS-ST726 Aqua Regia RAB
6.5 3 SD High 2 SD High 6 1 SD High
1 SD Low
Au ppm Au 5.5 2 SD Low 3 SD Low
5
4.5 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71
Standard Samples
Figure 13.7: Lab Standard SGS-ST726 Control Chart. Aqua Regia RAB samples
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2.5
SGS-ST623 Aqua Regia RAB
2.25 3 SD High 2 SD High 1 SD High
2 1 SD Low
Au ppm Au 2 SD Low 3 SD Low 1.75
1.5 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71
Standard Samples
Figure 13. 8: Lab Standard SGS-ST623 Control Chart. Aqua Regia RAB Samples
13.2.2 Duplicates RAB Drilling
A total of 225 pulps from chips samples have been repeated (Table 13.5).
The plot of original and duplicates chips samples (Figure 3.9) indicate that majority of samples 98% have good correlation between samples pairs. Only 2% of samples fall out of the 10% Error Line.
Count of Sample Set Mean Min Max Standard Deviation assays
Original Assay 225 0.04 0.005 2.2 0.21
Duplicate Assay 225 0.04 0.005 2.49 0.2
Table 13.5: Statistical Parameters for Duplicates of RAB Drill Samples Analyzed by Aqua Regia
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Figure 13. 9: Duplicate Control Chart for RAB Drilling Samples
13.2.3 Blanks RAB Drilling
A total of 225 blanks were assayed with Fire Assays by SGS Lab to monitor gold contamination.
From these 225 blanks, only 7 assayed at greater than the Detection Limit 0.01g/t representing 3% (Figure 13.10). Theses samples are below the Tolerance Detection Limit of 0.05 g/t defined as less than 5 times the Analytical Detection Limit. The inserted blanks indicate no issue regarding possible contamination.
0.1
0.09 0.08 SGS-Blank Aqua Regia RAB 0.07 0.06 0.05
Au_ppm 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0 50 100 150 200 250
Blank Samples
Figure 13. 10: SGS-Blank Lab Standard Control Chart. Aqua Regia for RAB Drill Samples
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13.3 Trench RAB Drilling
A total of 8 check samples were analyzed with Fire Assays. Due of the amount of assays, standard and duplicate were not plotted. Only blank chart was plotted with 3 assays samples. Samples are below Detection Limit (Figure 13.11), only one is slightly over detection and is below than the Tolerance Limit.
Figure 13. 11: SGS-Blank Lab Standard Control Chart. Fire Assay for Trench Samples
13.4 Termites 22 Blanks samples were analyzed with Leach Well in SGS Lab in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The plot indicates 73% of assays samples below Detection Limit (Figure 13.12) and 7% on the Detection Limit Line. All values are below Tolerance Detection Limit 5 times the Analytic Detection Limit indicating very good analysis.
Figure 13.12: SGS-Blank Lab Standard Control Chart. Leach Well for Termite Samples
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14. MINERAL PROCESSING ET METALLURGICAL TESTING This section is not applicable to this report.
15. MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES
This section is not applicable to this report. 16. MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES
This section is not applicable to this report. 17. MIMING METHOD
This section is not applicable to this report. 18. RECOVERY METHOD
This section is not applicable to this report. 19. PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE
This section is not applicable to this report. 20. MARKET STUDIES ET CONTRACTS
This section is not applicable to this report. 21. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY IMPACTS
Nortec has not carried out any environmental studies, Permitting or social or community impact studies. 22. CAPITAL AND OPERATING COST
This section is not applicable to this report. 23. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
This section is not applicable to this report.
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24. ADJACENT PROPRITIES
The Siguiri gold mine, owned by AngloGold Ashanti, lies approximately 17 km East of the Tomboko Gold Project and is the largest gold mining center in Guinea (Figure 24.1).
TOMBOKO +8 Moz Siguiri PROPRIETY Gold Mine
TOM-1 North TOM-3 Deposit Dabala
TOM-1 TOM-2
Tinkisso River Siguiri Town Figure 24.1: Google Earth Image of Tomboko Gold Project Adjacent to Siguiri Gold Mine
The Siguiri Mine Complex is a world-class gold deposit in North-eastern Guinea, situated near the town of Siguiri (coordinates: latitude - 11°25'16.80"N; longitude - 9°10'7.28"W) (Figure 24-1), some 830 km to the east-northeast of Conakry, the capital of Guinea.
The Siguiri Mine is located in the North-eastern parts of the Siguiri Basin in rocks that form part of the Paleoproterozoic Birimian Super group of West Africa (Feybesse and Milési, 1994) (Figure 24-1). The host rocks have been described as a succession of low-grade metamorphic meta-turbidites with minor intercalated volcanic units (Egal et al., 2002) similar to those mapped in the Tomboko area. Rocks have been affected by a pervasive hydrothermal alteration and fluid flow, evidenced by the development of near- pervasive carbonate alteration spots with a regional mineral paragenesis dominated by quartz, siderite and/or ankerite, chlorite, muscovite and albite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, consistent with the greenschist- facies grades of the wall rocks and very similar to mineral associated with the gold mineralization at TOM- 1 North gold deposit.
This mining method is possible, since the quartz veins occur in an up to 80 m thick, deeply weathered saprolite profile developed in Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Siguiri Basin. In many of the open pits, mining has reached bedrock.
The current mining focuses on a number of kilometer-scale open-pit operations distributed over an area of 12 km (north-south) by 3 km (east-west). In 2017, the Siguiri Gold Mine produced 324,000 ounces of gold, an increase of 25% on a year on year basis, with a lower production for 2010, but plans to increase production to up to 700,000 oz. in the future.
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25. OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION
No additional information or explanation is necessary to make this Technical Report understandable and not misleading.
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26. INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
The Tomboko Gold Project consists of an exploration license covering a surface area of 75.45 km² in the Siguiri Basin, North-eastern Guinea – West Africa and is the Permit valid for the next three years.
Successive exploration works completed by Wega, The Golden Rule and Nortec was professionally managed and procedures were consistent with generally accepted industry best practices. The exploration data from termite mounds, soil and rocks geochemistry and drilling are sufficiently reliable to confidently allow interpretation of the gold mineralization at TOM-1 deposit and TOM-2 and planning of an extensive drilling program over existing gold anomalies in areas that have not been drill-tested.
Early termite mounds, soil and rock geochemistry reconnaissance and follow-up surveys and first pass geological field mapping completed by Wega between 2007 and 2009 resulted in the identification of three anomalous zones of gold mineralization namely TOM-1, TOM-2 and TOM-3 Targets.
Additional geological and structural field mapping and rock chip sampling over TOM-1 and TOM-2 Targets by The Golden Rule in 2012 determined the geological and structural setting of the area, established a conceptual structural model for the gold mineralization and identified a series of brittle-ductile shear zones that have a strong spatial correlation with the gold mineralization at surface. The NW-striking sinistral fracture systems in TOM-1 and NE-striking dextral fault systems in TOM-2 control the gold mineralization in the Tomboko Prospect and are identical to structures that host the nearby Siguiri Gold Mine.
Nortec undertook a first pass diamond and RAB drill programs of these three Prospects in September 2017. At TOM-1 North Target gold mineralization have been intercepted ([email protected]/t (including [email protected]/t) and [email protected]/t) over the NW-striking sinistral fracture systems. At TOM-2, RAB drilling over the NE- striking brittle-ductile dextral strike-slip fault systems intercepted [email protected]/t (including [email protected]/t) and [email protected] g/t. Detail structural logging on TOM-1 drill cores demonstrated that the TOM-1 North gold deposit is hosted in faulted and sheared contact between volcano-clastic successions of lapilli and ash tuffs and suggested that the gold mineralization is structurally-controlled and occurs in deformed zones of large and highly hydrothermally altered, NNW-striking, ENE-steeply-dipping, structural corridors that contain a complex network of extensional dilation fracture systems. New high grade gold in outcrops and termite mounds survey over the deposit show a possible northern extension of the deposit over 1.5 km.
The Tomboko Gold Project is part to the Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Siguiri Basin, in the Birimian Super group of West Africa that host several multi-million-ounce gold deposits in operation (SAG at Siguiri and Nordgold at Lefa), one smaller gold mine at Kéniéro. Geological and structural relationships, petrographic and alteration assemblage demonstrate that the Tomboko deposit is a Mesothermal shear-zone-controlled, Orogenic-type gold mineralization, hosted in greenstone folded and faulted volcanoclastic successions. The deposit structural evolution and the gold mineralization style is identical to the nearby +8 Moz SAG Gold Deposit operated by AngloGold-Ashanti. The Tomboko Property can therefore, be considered as very Prospective terrane to host economic gold deposit, considering that aggressive exploration works including extensive drilling programs will continue to further define and delineate additional gold mineralization.
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27. RECOMMENDATIONS 27.1 Recommended Exploration Program in the Tomboko Property The following recommendations for additional exploration works on the Tomboko Property are proposed. Different drilling phase programs are recommended to advance each of the Targets within the Tomboko Property. The budget is estimated for each drilling phase and is for the proposed field costs, administrative costs, logistics and contractors, but do not include any capital expenditures or corporate management. Specific recommendations for each of the Targets within the Tomboko Property are given below. 27.1.1 TOM-1 North Target The proposed Phases I to III drill programs will be confined to Reverse Circulation drilling (RC) to test and expand the actual TOM-1 North deposit and the immediate northern extension. The Phase I will test the interpreted structural model of the deposit while the Phase II is based on the positive termite mounds and rock geochemistry sampling results that define new targets north of the actual deposit. A RAB drill program is recommended for the phase IV to test others surface termite mounds gold anomalies within the zone in order to identify additional targets with potential mineralization for resource expansion and discovery of new zones of mineralization. The Phases I to IV program maps and sections and budgets recommended are shown in Figures 27.1 to 27.7 and in Tables 27.1 to 27.4 and are based on the following objectives. 27.1.1.1 Phase I RC Drilling Program Objectives The detailed structural and geological logging and structural interpretation and modelling of the diamond drill-tested TOM-1 North deposit undertaken by Nortec in 2018 resulted in a coherent and comprehensible new geological and structural model that gives a better understanding of the structural setting and the style of gold mineralization and re-orient further drilling program (Figures 27.1 and 27.2). The Phase I RC drilling program objectives are therefore, to . Test the proposed geological and structural model of the gold deposit . Test a strike length of 600 meters over the interpreted mineralized structure (Figure 27.1) . define and delineate laterally and down dip the gold deposit within the interpreted structure . 12 fences spacing 50 meters apart (Figures 27.1 and 27.2) . 2 RC holes for each fence totalizing 3,600 meters. Holes are oriented north-east, inclined 50o and depth varying between 175 to 80 meters (Figures 27.1 and 27.2 and Table 27.1). Important Note. Access is very difficult on the hanging-wall site of the gold structure (slope is steep and presence of huge blocks of dolerite) justifying holes oriented eastward instead of westward. 27.1.1.2 Phase II RC Drilling Program Objectives The Phase II RC drilling program is not dependent on the outcome from Phase I program and is intended to test new targets immediately north of the actual deposit that were discovered during the 2018 exploration works with high gold grade in rock chips and in termite mounds (Figures 9.32 and 27.3). The new discovered target extends over 1.5 km north of the actual deposit (Figure 9.31). The key objectives to be addressed include:
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. Test the most favourable termite mounds and rock geochemistry targets north of the actual deposit . Test a strike length of 1 km over high gold grade in termite mounds and rock chips (Figure 27.3) . 9 fences spacing 100 meters apart on a drilling grid of 100mx50m (Figure 27.3) . 3 to 4 RC holes of 100 meters deep for each fence totalizing 3,000 meters.
27.1.1.3 Phase III RC Drilling Program Objectives
The Phase III program (Figure 27.4) is dependent on the outcome from the Phase II program and will be implemented only if results of Phase II are positives. The key objectives of this program include:
. RC infill (50mx50m) drilling program to convert inferred resources into indicated resources . Test a strike length of 1 km after interpretation of the northern extension gold structure . 9 fences spacing 100 meters apart (Figure 27.4) . 3 to 4 RC holes of 100 meters for each fence totalizing 3,000 meters.
Figure 27.1: Recommended Phase I RC Drill Program in the TOM-1 North Target
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TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 900 N
TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 850 N
TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 800 N
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TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 750 N
TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 700 N
TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 650 N
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TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 600 N
TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 550 N
TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 525 N
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TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 475 N
TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 450 N
TOM-1 North: Phase I RC Drill Program. X-Section 400 N
Figure 27.2: Recommended Phase I RC Drill Program in the TOM-1 North Target
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Hole ID Easting Northing RL Depth Azimuth dip
P1-RC001 437307 1275718 544 80 50 -50
P1-RC002 437282 1275697 537 175 50 -50
P1-RC003 437292 1275770 544 80 50 -50
P1-RC004 437267 1275750 535 175 50 -50
P1-RC005 437283 1275795 544 100 50 -50
P1-RC006 437258 1275775 534 175 50 -50
P1-RC007 437275 1275854 549 100 50 -50
P1-RC008 437252 1275834 541 175 50 -50
P1-RC009 437226 1275845 540 100 50 -50
P1-RC010 437201 1275825 532 175 50 -50
P1-RC011 437214 1275900 547 100 50 -50
P1-RC012 437189 1275880 541 175 50 -50
P1-RC013 437144 1275907 539 100 50 -50
P1-RC014 437110 1275880 531 175 50 -50
P1-RC015 437133 1275964 546 90 50 -50
P1-RC016 437106 1275941 539 190 50 -50
P1-RC017 437051 1275983 544 125 50 -50
P1-RC018 437026 1275962 534 175 50 -50
P1-RC019 437054 1276028 554 100 50 -50
P1-RC020 437028 1276007 544 175 50 -50
P1-RC021 437049 1276089 560 100 50 -50
P1-RC022 437026 1276070 554 190 50 -50
P1-RC023 437039 1276145 570 125 50 -50
P1-RC024 437016 1276126 561 190 50 -50
Table 27.1: Technical Parameters and Coordinates (WGS84 Zone 29N Map Datum) of the RC Hole Drilling Program on TOM-1 North
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Phase II RC Drill Program
Figure 27.3: Recommended Phase II RC Drill Program in the TOM-1 North Target
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Phase II RC Drill Program Phase III RC Drill Program
Figure 27.4: Recommended Phase III RC Drilling Program in the TOM-1 North Target
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27.1.1.4 Phase IV RAB Drilling Program Objectives
The Phase IV RAB drilling program in TOM-1 Target is intended to test the northern termite mounds and soil geochemistry anomalies discovered during the 2018 infill geochemistry sampling (Figure 27.5).
The main objective is to develop a new Target zone which may warrant further drilling program.
The proposed drill program will be confined to RAB drilling to test the most favorable termite mounds anomaly (Figure 27.5). We recommend 5 fences spacing 200 to 300 meters apart. 5 to 6 RAB holes of 30 to 40 meters deep for each fence, totalizing 1,000 meters (Figure 27.5).
Legend
RAB Drilling Line
Termite Geochemistry Au ppb
Permit Limit
Didi Mount
Didi Mount
Figure 27.5: Recommended Phase III RAB Drilling Program in the TOM-1 North Target
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27.1.2 TOM-2 Target
The recommended drilling program on the TOM-2 Target aims to test the northern extension of the mineralization intercepted in Line 1,000 N ([email protected]/t from 3m including [email protected]/t and [email protected]/t) (Figure 27.6) and numerous others clusters of termite mounds geochemistry anomalies containing high gold grade that have not been drill-tested (Figure 27.6). The objective will be to develop new drill target zones within the TOM-2 Prospect that can justify further extensive RC drilling programs.
The proposed RAB drill program aims to better define the extension north of the mineralization in Line 1,000 N and to test the most favorable termite mounds anomaly containing high gold grade (Figure 27.6).
The writer recommends 9 fences spacing 200 to 300 meters apart (Figure 27.6). 6 to 20 RAB holes of 30 to 40 meters deep for each fence totalizing 3,000 meters.
2 RC holes is recommended to explore the down-deep extension of the mineralization intercepted in Line 1,000N (cf. Cross-sections Figure 27.6)
Didi Mount
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[email protected] g/t [email protected] g/t incl. [email protected]/t
Figure 27.6: Recommended RC (Cross-section) and RAB Drilling Program (Map) in TOM-2 Target
27.1.3 TOM-3 Target
The recommended drilling program on the TOM-3 Target tests numerous clusters of termite mounds geochemistry anomalies containing high gold grade at or near the contact between interpreted intrusive rock and the sedimentary sequence (Figure 27.7). These anomalies have not been drill-tested. The objective will be to develop new drill target zones within the TOM-3 Prospect.
The writer proposes 5 fences spacing 200 to 300 meters apart (Figure 27.7). 4 to 10 RAB holes of 30 to 40 meters deep for each fence totalizing 1,000 meters.
Figure 27.7: Recommended RC and RAB Drilling Program the TOM-3 North Target
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27.2 Recommended Budget for the RC Drilling Program: 9,600 meters
27.2.1 Phase I. RC Drilling Program: 3,600 meters
Expense Descriptions Details Budget Phase 1 (US$) Salaries, Supervision & Benefits $34,000 / Month 136,000 Assay charges 4,000 Sample + Transport 52,000 Diesel / Fuel Drilling 1,000l fuel/day 30,000 Contractors & Earthwork 55$/meter 198,000 Drilling Platforms (Contractor + Fuel) 1,000$ + 400l/fuel day 75,000 Pick up Rental 125$ / day (2 Pickup) 30,000 Camp Food Repair and Maintenance 5,000$/Month 20,000 Travel, Furniture, Software, office and Lab supplies etc.… 14,000 TOTAL 555,000 US$
27.2.2 Phase II. RC Drilling Program: 3,000 meters
Salaries, Supervision & Benefits 34,000$ / Month 136,000 Assay charges 3,300 Sample + Transport 42,000 Diesel / Fuel Drilling 1,000l fuel/day 30,000 Contractors & Earthwork 55$/meter 165,000 Drilling Platforms (Contractor + Fuel) 1,000$ + 400l/fuel / day 70,000 Pick up Rental 125$ / day (2 Pickup) 30,000 Camp Food Repair and Maintenance 5,000$/Month 20,000 Travel, Furniture, Software, office and Lab supplies etc.… 7,000 TOTAL 500,000 US$
27.2.3 Phase III. RC Drilling Program: 3,000 meters
Salaries, Supervision & Benefits 34,000$ / Month 136,000 Assay charges 3,300 Sample + Transport 42,000 Diesel / Fuel Drilling 1,000 l fuel/day 30,000 Contractors & Earthwork 55$/meter 165,000 Drilling Platforms (Contractor + Fuel) 1,000$ + 400l/fuel / day 70,000 Pick up Rental 125$ / day (2 Pickup) 30,000 Camp Food Repair and Maintenance 5,000$/Month 20,000
Travel, Furniture, Software, office and Lab supplies etc.… 7,000
TOTAL 500,000 US$
TOTAL BUDGET Phase I to III 1,550,000.00 US$
Table 27.2: Recommended Budget for Phase I to III RC Drilling Program on TOM-1 North
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27.3 Recommended Budget for the RAB Drilling Program: 5,000 meters
. Phase IV. TOM-1 North……… 1,000 meters . TOM-2 …………………….…. 3,000 meters . TOM-3…………………………1,000 meters
Expense Descriptions Details Budget Phase 1 (US$)
Assay charges 5,500 Samples + Transport 70,000
Diesel / Fuel Drilling 250l fuel/day 15,000
Contractors & Earthwork 15$ / meter +others charges 100,000
Drilling Platforms (Contractor + Fuel) 1,000$ + 400l/fuel day / T=10km 75,000
Pick up Rental 125$ / day (2 Pickup) 15,000
TOTAL 275,000 US$
Table 26.3: TOM-1 North Recommended Budget for the RAB Drilling Program on Tomboko
Timing Q4 2018 Q1 - Q2 2019 Q2 - Q3 2019 RC Drilling Program Projects Program RC (meters) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept 3,600 meters RC Phase I 3,600 Total Budget: US$555.000 3,000 meters RC TOM-1 North Phase II 3,000 Total Budget: US$500.000 3,000 meters RC Phase III 3,000 Total Budget: US$500.000 Data compilation and reporting Total Drilling 9,600
RAB Drilling Program RAB (meters)
TOM-1 North 1,000 1000 m
TOM-2 3,000 3000m
TOM-3 1,000 1000m Data compilation and reporting Total Drilling 5,000 RESOURCES ESTIMATIONS Total RC and RAB Budget $ 1.875.000 US Table 27.4: Recommended Total Budget for the RAB and RC Drilling Program on the Tomboko Property
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28 REFERENCES
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Goldfarb, R.J., Baker, T., Dube, B., Groves, D.I., Hart, C.J.R., Craig, J.R., Gosselin, P. (2005) Distribution, character and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes, Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, pp. 407-250.
Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Gebre-Mariam, M., Hagemann S.G. and Robert, F. (1998) Orogenic gold deposits: A proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types, Ore Geology Reviews 13, pp. 7–27
Hirdes, W., Davis, D.W., Lüdtke, G., Konan, G. (1996) Two generations of Birimian (Paleoproterozoic) volcanic belts in North-eastern Côte d‟Ivoire (West Africa): consequences for the „Birmimian controversy‟, Precambrian Research 80, pp. 173-191
Lompo, M. (2010) Paleoproterozoic structural evolution of the Man-Leo Shield (West Africa). Key structures for vertical to transcurrent tectonics, Journal of African Earth Sciences 58, pp. 19-36
Mamedov V.I; Boufeev Y.V & Nikitine Y.A., 2010: Geologie de la Republique de Guinee. Volume I. Geosprospects Ltd. Universite d'Etat de moscou Lomonossov M. (Faculté géologique).
Milési, J. P., Feybesse, J. L., Ledru, P., Dommanget, A., Ouedraogo, M. F., Marcoux, E., Prost, A., Vinchon, Ch., Sylvain, J. P., Johan, V., Tegyey, M., Calvez, J. Y., Lagny, P., (1989). West African gold deposits, in their lower Proterozoic lithostructural setting. Chronique de la Recherche Miniere, 497, 3–98.
Paranhos, C. (2008) Siguiri Gold Mine - State of knowledge of the main geological controls of gold mineralization, Company Report, pp. 1-40
Ridley, J.R. and Diamond, L.W. (2000) Fluid chemistry of orogenic lode-gold deposits and implications for genetic models, Society of Economic Geologist Reviews, Vol. 13, pp. 141-162
Robert, F. and Poulsen, K.H. (2001) Vein formation and deformation in greenstone gold deposits, Society of Economic Geologist Reviews, Vol. 14, pp. 111-155
Sibson, R.H. and Scott, J. (1998) Stress/fault controls on the containment and release of over-pressured fluids: Examples from gold-quartz vein systems in Juneau, Alaska; Victoria, Australia and Otago, New Zealand, Ore Geology Reviews 13, pp. 293–306.
Simon Meadows Smith FIMMM 2017 Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Project
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29 DATE AND SIGNATURE PAGE
The effective date of this Technical Report, entitled “Independent Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Prospect, Siguiri – North-eastern Guinea – West Africa”, is 24th October, 2018.
Alamako Corporation International (ACI) Sekou Traore, Founder and President of ACI, Vice President and General Director of The Golden Rule Mining Inc. Dated this 24th October, 2018.
The Golden Rule Mining Inc. (The Golden Rule) James McKenzie, Chairman. Dated this 24th October, 2018.
Nortec Mineral Corp. (Nortec) Mohan R. Vulimiri, CEO and Chairman. Dated this 24th October, 2018.
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30 CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSON
As an author and reviewer of the report titled “Independent Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Prospect, Siguiri – North-eastern Guinea – West Africa”, dated October, 24th 2018 (the “Technical Report”), prepared on behalf of Alamako Corporation International (the “Issuer”), I, Serigne Dieng, PhD, AuSIMM, do hereby certify that:
1. I am currently employed as Senior Consultant Geologist for Alamako Corporation International and The Golden Rule Mining Inc. to provide exploration services in connection with the Company’s earn- in joint venture Nortec Mineral Corp.
2. I graduated with Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in Structural geology, Exploration geochemistry and Economy Geology from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada in 2012. In addition, I have obtained a Master’s degree (M.Sc.) in Mineral Exploration (International MINEX Program) from Queen's University, in 2006.
3. I am a Member of the “The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy” (The AuSIMM) Reference Number 316918.
4. I have over 20 years’ experiences on many aspects of Mineral Exploration from project generation to deposit definition specially in West Africa (Senegal, Guinea and Burkina Faso), in Canada and in Australia, with focus in applying structural geology and exploration geochemistry to understand and explore mineral deposits in Orogenic Greenstone Belt terranes. I have been in the mining industry continuously since 1998 and have managed many exploration programs in West Africa.
5. I have read the definition of “Qualified Person” (QP) set out in National Instrument43-101 (NI 43- 101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a recognized professional organization (as defined in NI 43-101), and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a QP for the purpose of NI 43-101.
6. I am responsible for the overall preparation of the technical report titled “Technical Report on the Tomboko Gold Prospect Siguiri – North-eastern Guinea – West Africa” and dated October 30th 2018 (the “Technical Report”) relating to the Tomboko Property. I’ve been working on the Tomboko Gold Project as Exploration Manager from June 2007 to July 2008, and as Consultant Geologist from February 2012 to October 2014 and since June 2018.
7. As of the date of this certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading.
8. I am not independent of the issuer applying all of the tests in section 1.4 of National Instrument 43- 101. In addition to being an employee of the Issuer, I also hold share options from The Golden Rule. The Golden Rule fully owns Alamako Corporation International’s Equity in the Tomboko Gold Project.
9. I have read the National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101F1, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with that instrument and form.
Signature Serigne Dieng Dated this 24th day of October, 2018 PhD. AuSIMM
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31 APPENDIX
LAND TENURE DOCUMENTS
Included herein are copies of the Arêtes granted to Alamako Corporation International and to HKD for the Tomboko Property
. Arrete No. A2018/5740/ MMG/SGG, 12 September 2018, granted to Alamako Corporation International for the 75.45 km2 Tomboko Property in the Siguiri Prefecture, Kankan Region, Guinea.
. Arrete No. A2017/3199/ MMG/SGG, 19 July 2017, granted to HKD for the 76 km2 Tomboko Property in the Siguiri Prefecture, Kankan Region, Guinea.
. Arrete No. A2016/3897/ MMG/SGG, 05 August, 2016, granted to HKD for the 76 km2 Tomboko Property in the Siguiri Prefecture, Kankan Region, Guinea.
. Arrete No. A2012/10254/ MMG/SG, 08 November, 2012, granted to HKD for the for the 139 km2 Tomboko Property in the Siguiri Prefecture, Kankan Region, Guinea.
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