Fibres and Energy from Wheat Sraw by Simple Practice
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40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–19 Edition) § 180.409
§ 180.409 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–19 Edition) dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl) al- Commodity Parts per anine methyl ester] and its metabolites million containing the 2,6-dimethylaniline Cattle, fat ............................................................... 0.02 moiety, and N-(2-hydroxy methyl-6- Cattle, meat byproducts ........................................ 0.02 methyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine Corn, field, grain .................................................... 8.0 Corn, pop, grain ..................................................... 8.0 methylester, each expressed as Goat, fat ................................................................. 0.02 metalaxyl, in or on the following raw Goat, meat byproducts .......................................... 0.02 agricultural commodity: Grain, aspirated fractions ...................................... 20.0 Hog, fat .................................................................. 0.02 Hog, meat byproducts ........................................... 0.02 Commodity Parts per Horse, fat ............................................................... 0.02 million Horse, meat byproducts ........................................ 0.02 Poultry, fat ............................................................. 0.02 Papaya ................................................................... 0.1 Sheep, fat .............................................................. 0.02 Sheep, meat byproducts ....................................... 0.02 (d) Indirect or inadvertent tolerances. Sorghum, grain, grain -
Extended Impregnation Kraft Cooking of Softwood: Effects on Reject, Yield, Pulping Uniformity, and Physical Properties
Extended Impregnation Kraft Cooking of Softwood: Effects on reject, yield, pulping uniformity, and physical properties Katarina Karlström Licentiate thesis Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology Stockholm 2009 TRITA-CHE-Report 2009:59 ISSN 1654-1081 ISBN 978-91-7415-496-2 Extended impregnation kraft cooking of softwood: Effects on reject, yield, pulping uniformity, and physical properties Katarina Karlström AKADEMISK AVHANDLING Som med tillstånd av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm framlägges till offentlig granskning för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen fredagen den 18:e december 2009, kl. 10.00 i STFI-salen, Innventia AB, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, Stockholm. Avhandlingen försvaras på svenska. © Katarina Karlström Stockholm 2009 Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Abstract Converting wood into paper is a complex process involving many different stages, one of which is pulping. Pulping involves liberating the wood fibres from each other, which can be done either chemically or mechanically. This thesis focuses on the most common chemical pulping method, the kraft cooking process, and especially on a recently developed improvement of the impregnation phase, which is the first part of a kraft cook. Extended impregnation kraft cooking (EIC) technique is demonstrated to be an improvement of the kraft pulping process and provides a way to utilize softwood to a higher degree, at higher pulp yield. We demonstrate that it is possible to produce softwood ( Picea abies ) kraft pulp using a new cooking technique, resulting in a pulp that can be defibrated without inline refining at as high lignin content as 8% on wood, measured as kappa numbers above 90. -
Supply Chain
COMPANY OVERVIEW 2015 MAKING PRODUCTS PEOPLE DEPEND ON EVERY DAY PERFORMANCE PEOPLE PLANET International Paper is a global leader in packaging, paper, and pulp. We use renewable resources responsibly to make recyclable products that people depend on every day. We are unified around shared commitments to strengthen our people and communities, provide solutions for our customers, and ensure the sustainability of our company and our planet. Our fiber sourcing policies promote healthy and productive forests for generations to come In 2015, 93% of our facilities operated without a serious injury $15.5 million donated to address critical community needs and improve MAKING our planet PRODUCTS PEOPLE DEPEND ON CONTENTS EVERY DAY 2 2015 Highlights 3 CEO Comments 4 Businesses 6 Performance 12 People $22.4 billion 20 Planet net sales in 2015 28 Awards & Recognitions 29 Vision 2020 Goals International Paper Company Overview 2015 2 65% 13% 22% REVENUE Industrial Consumer Paper 2015 GLOBAL HIGHLIGHTS Packaging Packaging and Pulp We use renewable resources responsibly to make recyclable products people depend on every day. BY BUSINESS $2.6 billion net sales Manufacturing operations in 24 countries EMEA*/ Russia North Asia ** America $1.3 billion net sales Global 55,000 India $17.2 billion Headquarters: employees globally net sales Memphis, Tenn. $0.2 billion Latin net sales America 44,000 $1.1 billion volunteer hours net sales *Europe, Middle East, Africa worked by employees **Includes the net sales of the International Paper Sun joint venture through -
Viimeinen Päivitys 8
Versio 20.10.2012 (222 siv.). HÖYRY-, TEOLLISUUS- JA LIIKENNEHISTORIAA MAAILMALLA. INDUSTRIAL AND TRANSPORTATION HERITAGE IN THE WORLD. (http://www.steamengine.fi/) Suomen Höyrykoneyhdistys ry. The Steam Engine Society of Finland. © Erkki Härö [email protected] Sisältöryhmitys: Index: 1.A. Höyry-yhdistykset, verkostot. Societies, Associations, Networks related to the Steam Heritage. 1.B. Höyrymuseot. Steam Museums. 2. Teollisuusperinneyhdistykset ja verkostot. Industrial Heritage Associations and Networks. 3. Laajat teollisuusmuseot, tiedekeskukset. Main Industrial Museums, Science Centres. 4. Energiantuotanto, voimalat. Energy, Power Stations. 5.A. Paperi ja pahvi. Yhdistykset ja verkostot. Paper and Cardboard History. Associations and Networks. 5.B. Paperi ja pahvi. Museot. Paper and Cardboard. Museums. 6. Puusepänteollisuus, sahat ja uitto jne. Sawmills, Timber Floating, Woodworking, Carpentry etc. 7.A. Metalliruukit, metalliteollisuus. Yhdistykset ja verkostot. Ironworks, Metallurgy. Associations and Networks. 7.B. Ruukki- ja metalliteollisuusmuseot. Ironworks, Metallurgy. Museums. 1 8. Konepajateollisuus, koneet. Yhdistykset ja museot. Mechanical Works, Machinery. Associations and Museums. 9.A. Kaivokset ja louhokset (metallit, savi, kivi, kalkki). Yhdistykset ja verkostot. Mining, Quarrying, Peat etc. Associations and Networks. 9.B. Kaivosmuseot. Mining Museums. 10. Tiiliteollisuus. Brick Industry. 11. Lasiteollisuus, keramiikka. Glass, Clayware etc. 12.A. Tekstiiliteollisuus, nahka. Verkostot. Textile Industry, Leather. Networks. -
Corrugated Board Structure: a Review M.C
ISSN: 2395-3594 IJAET International Journal of Application of Engineering and Technology Vol-2 No.-3 Corrugated Board Structure: A Review M.C. Kaushal1, V.K.Sirohiya2 and R.K.Rathore3 1 2 Assistant Prof. Mechanical Engineering Department, Gwalior Institute of Information Technology,Gwalior, Assistant Prof. Mechanical Engineering 3 Departments, Gwalior Engineering College, Gwalior, M. Tech students Maharanapratap College of Technology, Gwalior, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Corrugated board is widely used in the packing industry. The main advantages are lightness, recyclability and low cost. This makes the material the best choice to produce containers devoted to the shipping of goods. Furthermore examples of structure design based on corrugated boards can be found in different fields. Structural analysis of paperboard components is a crucial topic in the design of containers. It is required to investigate their strength properties because they have to protect the goods contained from lateral crushing and compression loads due to stacking. However in this paper complete and detailed information are presented. Keywords: - corrugated boards, recyclability, compression loads. Smaller flutes offer printability advantages as well as I. INTRODUCTION structural advantages for retail packaging. Corrugated board is essentially a paper sandwich consisting of corrugated medium layered between inside II. HISTORY and outside linerboard. On the production side, corrugated In 1856 the first known corrugated material was patented is a sub-category of the paperboard industry, which is a for sweatband lining in top hats. During the following four sub-category of the paper industry, which is a sub-category decades other forms of corrugated material were used as of the forest products industry. -
Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard (Using Constant Rate of Elongation Apparatus) (Revision of T 494 Om-01)
WI 050808.09 T 494 DRAFT NO. 2 DATE June 13, 2006 TAPPI WORKING GROUP CHAIRMAN D Muchorski SUBJECT CATEGORY Physical Properties RELATED METHODS See “Additional Information” CAUTION: This Test Method may include safety precautions which are believed to be appropriate at the time of publication of the method. The intent of these is to alert the user of the method to safety issues related to such use. The user is responsible for determining that the safety precautions are complete and are appropriate to their use of the method, and for ensuring that suitable safety practices have not changed since publication of the method. This method may require the use, disposal, or both, of chemicals which may present serious health hazards to humans. Procedures for the handling of such substances are set forth on Material Safety Data Sheets which must be developed by all manufacturers and importers of potentially hazardous chemicals and maintained by all distributors of potentially hazardous chemicals. Prior to the use of this method, the user must determine whether any of the chemicals to be used or disposed of are potentially hazardous and, if so, must follow strictly the procedures specified by both the manufacturer, as well as local, state, and federal authorities for safe use and disposal of these chemicals. Tensile properties of paper and paperboard (using constant rate of elongation apparatus) (Revision of T 494 om-01) (Underlines indicated changes/corrections since last draft) 1. Scope 1.1 This test method describes the procedure, using constant-rate-of-elongation equipment, for determining four tensile breaking properties of paper and paperboard: tensile strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption, and tensile stiffness. -
Deinking of Screen-Printed Electrodes Printed on Invasive Plant-Based Paper
sustainability Article Article DeinkingDeinking of of Screen-Printed Screen-Printed Electrodes Printed on InvasiveInvasive Plant-Based Plant-Based Paper UrškaUrška Kav Kavˇciˇc*čič *, Igor, Igor Karlovits Karlovits and and Janja Janja Zule Zule PulpPulp and and Paper Paper Institute, Institute, Bogiši Bogiši´ceva8,ćeva 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slov Slovenia;enia; igor.karlovits@icp-lj. [email protected] (I.K.); janja.zule@icp- [email protected] (J.Z.) (J.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 January 2020; Accepted: 6 February 2020; Published: date Received: 21 January 2020; Accepted: 9 February 2020; Published: 12 February 2020 Abstract: The deinking of paper-based printed electronics is a growing concern regarding the Abstract: The deinking of paper-based printed electronics is a growing concern regarding the increase increase of printed electronics products. The benefits of using paper-based substrates instead of of printed electronics products. The benefits of using paper-based substrates instead of polymer polymer or ceramic for the single-use printed electrodes can contribute to sustainability goals. The or ceramic for the single-use printed electrodes can contribute to sustainability goals. The use of use of invasive plant species for making paper substrates for printed electronics is a unique invasive plant species for making paper substrates for printed electronics is a unique opportunity opportunity to have several environmental benefits. In this study, the recycling issue of these to have several environmental benefits. In this study, the recycling issue of these products through products through the use of the deinking technique was evaluated. Screen-printed electrodes the use of the deinking technique was evaluated. -
Corrugated 101! ! !Corrugated Vs
Corrugated 101! ! !Corrugated vs. Cardboard! • The term "cardboard box" is commonly misused when referring to a corrugated box. The correct technical term is "corrugated fiberboard carton.”! • Cardboard boxes are really chipboard boxes, and used primarily for packaging lightweight products, such as cereal or board games.! • Corrugated fiberboard boxes are widely utilized in retail packaging, shipping cartons, product displays and many other applications ! requiring lightweight, but sturdy materials.! !Corrugated Composition! Corrugated fiberboard is comprised of linerboard and heavy paper medium. Linerboard is the flat, outer surface that adheres to the medium. The medium is the wavy, fluted paper between the liners. Both are made of a special kind of heavy paper called !containerboard. Board strength will vary depending on the various linerboard and medium combinations.! • Single Face: Medium glued to 1 linerboard; flutes exposed! • Single Wall: Medium between 2 liners! • Double Wall: Varying mediums layered between 3 liners! !• Triple Wall: Varying mediums layered between 4 liners! !Flute Facts! !Corrugated board can be created with several different flute profiles. The five most common flute profiles are:! • A-Flute: Original corrugated flute design. Contains about 33 flutes per foot.! • B-Flute: Developed primarily for packaging canned goods. Contains about 47 flutes per foot and measures 1/8" thick! • C-Flute: Commonly used for shipping cartons. Contains about 39 flutes per foot and measures 5/32" thick! • E-Flute: Contains about 90 flutes per foot and measures 1/16" thick! • F-Flute: Developed for small retail packaging. Contains about 125 flutes per foot and measures 1/32" thick! • Generally, larger flute profiles deliver greater vertical compression strength and cushioning. -
Torrefaction of Oat Straw to Use As Solid Biofuel, an Additive to Organic Fertilizers for Agriculture Purposes and Activated Carbon – TGA Analysis, Kinetics
E3S Web of Conferences 154, 02004 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015402004 ICoRES 2019 Torrefaction of oat straw to use as solid biofuel, an additive to organic fertilizers for agriculture purposes and activated carbon – TGA analysis, kinetics Szymon Szufa1, Maciej Dzikuć2 ,Łukasz Adrian3, Piotr Piersa4, Zdzisława Romanowska- Duda5, Wiktoria Lewandowska 6, Marta Marcza7, Artur Błaszczuk8, Arkadiusz Piwowar9 1 Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz,, Poland, [email protected] 2 University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Economics and Management, ul. Licealna 9, 65-246 Zielona Góra, Poland, [email protected] 3 University of Kardynal Stefan Wyszyński, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Science, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warszawa, Poland, [email protected] 4 Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz,, Poland, [email protected] 5 Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha str. 12/16, 90-131 Łódź, Poland, [email protected] 6 University of Lodz, Chemical Faculty, Tamka 13, 91-403 Łódź, Poland, [email protected] 7 AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30- 059 Krakow, Poland, [email protected] 8 Czestochowa University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies, Dabrowskiego 73, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland, [email protected] 9 Wroclaw University of Economics, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Komandorska 118/120 , 53-345 Wrocław, Poland, [email protected] Abstract. -
Storage of Wet Corn Co-Products Manual
Storage of Wet Corn Co-Products 1st Edition • May 2008 A joint project of the Nebraska Corn Board and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources Storage of Wet Corn Co-Products A joint project of the Nebraska Corn Board and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources Agricultural Research Division University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension For more information or to request additional copies of this manual, contact the Nebraska Corn Board at 1-800-632-6761 or e-mail [email protected] Brought to you by Nebraska corn producers through their corn checkoff dollars— expanding demand for Nebraska corn and value-added corn products. STORAGE OF WET CORN CO-PRODUCTS By G. Erickson, T. Klopfenstein, R. Rasby, A. Stalker, B. Plugge, D. Bauer, D. Mark, D. Adams, J. Benton, M. Greenquist, B. Nuttleman, L. Kovarik, M. Peterson, J. Waterbury and M. Wilken Opportunities For Storage Three types of distillers grains can be produced that vary in moisture content. Ethanol plants may dry some or all of their distillers grains to produce dry distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS; 90% dry matter [DM]). However, many plants that have a market for wet distillers locally (i.e., Nebraska) may choose not to dry their distillers grains due to cost advantages. Wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) is 30-35% DM. Modified wet distillers grains plus solubles (MWDGS) is 42-50% DM. It is important to note that plants may vary from one another in DM percentage, and may vary both within and across days for the moisture (i.e., DM) percentage. -
INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY (Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter)
Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 _____________________________________________________ FORM 10-K (Mark One) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 or TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 1-3157 INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) New York 13-0872805 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 6400 Poplar Avenue Memphis, Tennessee (Address of principal executive offices) 38197 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (901) 419-7000 _____________________________________________________ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $1 per share par value New York Stock Exchange _____________________________________________________ Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. -
Straw Mulching
STRAW MULCHING What is it? The application of straw as a protective Hand Punching: cover over seeded areas to reduce erosion and aid in A spade or shovel is used to punch straw revegetation or over bare soils that will be landscaped into the slope until all areas have straw standing later to reduce erosion. perpendicularly to the slope and embedded at least 4 inches into the slope. It should be punched about 12 When is it used? inches apart. This method is used on slopes which have been seeded and have high potential for erosion. It Roller Punching: requires some type of anchoring by matting, crimping A roller equipped with straight studs not less or other methods to prevent blowing or washing than 6 inches long, from 4 - 6 inches wide and away. approximately one inch thick is rolled over the slope. Straw mulch forms a loose layer when applied over a loose soil surface. To protect the mulch from wind drifting and being moved by water, Crimper Punching: it must be covered with a netting such as plastic or Like roller punching, the crimper has punched into the soil with a spade or roller, or by serrated disk blades about 4 - 8 inches apart which spraying it with a tacking agent. The mulch should force straw mulch into the soil. Crimping should be cover the entire seed or bare area. The mulch should done in two directions with the final pass across the extend into existing vegetation or be stabilized on all slope. sides to prevent wind or water damage which may start at the edges.