EIA/EMP REPORT
For
PROPOSED NEW PESTICIDE PLANT ATPLOT NO. IC-50 MIDC BUTIBORI INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, VILLAGE POHI TAL:
HINGANA, DIST: NAGPUR (MAHARASHTRA) Capacity & Category 3600 MTA, Schedule Item no. 5(b) Category A Baseline Monitorng Season/ 1st Oct 2019 to 31st Dec 2019 Laboratory (J. P Test House & Research Centre Shahibabad Industrial Area Shahibabad Ghaziabad (UP); NABL/MoEF&CC Accreditated NABET Acc. No.: NABET/EIA/1619/SA 070
Project Proponent
M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries
904-B ,9th Floor Lokmat Bhawan Nagpur- 440010 E-mail: [email protected] ; Phone: +91-9923811100
UID No.:EQMS/EIA/UNIAGR/5(b)A/PR594/012020
Report Release Date: 07.05.2020 Revision No: 01
EIA Consultant:
EQMS INDIA PVTLTDINDIA 304-305, 3rd Floor, Plot No. 16, Rishabh Corporate Tower, Community Centre, Karkardooma, Delhi – 110092 Phone: 011-42270087, 43062757; Website: www.eqmsindia.com ; E-mail :[email protected]
Disclaimer: This document has been prepared with all reasonable skills, knowledge, care and diligence by M/s. EQMS IndiaPvt. Ltd., Karkardooma, Delhi, the NABET accredited and national level leading Environmental Consultancy Organization within the terms of the contract with the client (Project Proponent), incorporating their General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by Business Agreement. The report was discussed with the project proponent in details before releasing. This report has been prepared using information received from Client, collecting primary data and compilation of secondary data from available resources. We are not responsible for the origin and authenticity of the information, drawings or design details provided by the Client.
Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
M/S UNIVERSAL AGRO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
Environmental Impact Assessment report forProposed Pesticide Plant by M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries © EQMS India Pvt Ltd („EQMS‟), May, 2020
This report is released for the use of the Universal Agro Chemical Industries, Regulators and relevant stakeholders solely as part of the subject project‟s Environmental Clearance process. Information provided (unless attributed to referenced third parties) is otherwise copyrighted and shall not be used for any other purpose without the written consent of EQMS.
PROJECT DETAILS
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report of Proposed New Pesticide Name of PlantatPlot no. IC-50, Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Publication Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Project Number PR-594 Report No. 2 Version 1 Released April 2020
P.K Srivastava Prepared & P.K. Srivastava (EC)/Sweta EIA Co-ordinator(EC) Released By Managed By &Shweta Gupta Project Shah (Group Head) Incharge
CONTACT DETAILS
Head Quarter: Delhi / NCR
EQMS IndiaPvt. Ltd. 304 & 305, 3rd Floor, Rishabh Towers, Plot No. 16, Community Centre, Karkardooma, Delhi - 110092. (India)
E: [email protected] T:+ 91-11-30003200/219; F: +91-11-22374775
DISCLAIMER
EQMS India Pvt Ltd has taken all possible precautions in the preparation of this report as per its auditable quality plan. EQMS also believes that the facts presented in the report are accurate as on the date it was written. However, it is impossible to dismiss absolutely, the possibility of errors or omissions. EQMS therefore specifically disclaims any liability resulting from the use or application of the information contained in this report. The information is not intended to serve as legal advice related to the individual situation.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. i Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Declaration by Experts Contributing to the EIA/EMP REPORT for Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra) by M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries.
I hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.
EIA Coordinator:
Signature Name PK Srivastava Period of involvement September 2019 to finalization of report Contact Information: [email protected] Team Member: Barun Deb Chatterjee
Functional Area Experts
Team Involvement Name of Member Functional (Period and Task**) the Signature Areas Expert October 2019 to finalization of report
Kapil Singh Air pollution monitoring.
Meteorological parameter SK Jain measurement. Air Pollution Monitoring & Identification & assessment of Control (AP) quantum of emission and its Mitigation measures.
Sweta Ambient Air Quality monitoring Air Quality Shah/ network designing.
Modeling Sanjeev Shweta Processing of micrometeorological and Sharma Gupta (FAA) data for using in model. Prediction
(AQ) Air quality modelling for proposed prediction of GLC
Dipil K Shweta Monitoring of noise levels of the Gupta project site and surrounding area. Noise Pandey Assessment of noise level and vibration potential due to proposed
ii EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Team Involvement Name of Member Functional (Period and Task**) the Signature Areas Expert October 2019 to finalization of report
project and its mitigation measures.
Shweta Water Quality monitoring network Gupta designing.
Sampling of water samples (surface and ground water). SK Jain Water Water Balance Pollution (WP) Identification & assessment of
quantum of water pollution and its Mitigation measures.
Suggesting suitable Effleunt Treatment scheme
Conducted Ecological survey & preparation of status report.
Ecology and RatneshK Application of taxonomy in resource Bio-diversity otiyal inventory (Flora & Fauna) Conservatio n (EB) List of species animals and plants report.
Identification & assessment of ecological impact due to proposed project and its Mitigation measures.
Shweta Identification of hazardous and non- Solid and Gupta hazardous wastes.
Hazardous (FAA) Reuse and recycling of solid wastes. Waste SK Jain Managemen Handling and disposal of Non- t (SHW) Hazardous solid waste & Hazardous waste.
Risk and PK Kirti Patni Identification of hazards due to Hazards Srivastava proposed project.
(RH) Identification of hazardous
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. iii Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Team Involvement Name of Member Functional (Period and Task**) the Signature Areas Expert October 2019 to finalization of report
substances in the proposed project.
Preparation of risk assessment report and onsite emergency plan.
Development of landuse maps of Land Use Anil study area using GIS / related tools, (LU) Kumar site visit for ground truth survey, finalization of landuse maps
Mr Kaleem Site visit, contribution to Baseline Socio- Ahmad environment and contribution to EIA Anil Economics (FAA) documentation Kumar (SE) Manoj Sharma
Manoj Formulation of soil monitoring plan Sharma Soil Soil sample collection and testing Conservatio n (SC) Impact assessment of project on soil quality and development of management plan
Estimation of run-off generation from Hydrology, site & post project development ground water and Yamesh Formulation of rain water harvesting water Sharma plan conservation (HG) Formulation of water conservation plan
Geology Hardik Conducted study of geology of the (GEO) Patel project site and study area.
Identification of geological formations at the project site as well as in the study area.
Study about topography of the project site and study area, contours of the area, physiography, slope of the area, drainage of the area and
iv EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Team Involvement Name of Member Functional (Period and Task**) the Signature Areas Expert October 2019 to finalization of report
geology of the study area.
Study about geology of the project site, subsurface conditions of the project site.
Recommendations and preparation of reports on geology.
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization: I, S.K.Jain, hereby confirm that the above-mentioned experts prepared the EIA/EMP REPORT for Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra) by M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries. I also confirm that EC has gone through the report, and the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement. It is certified that no unethical practices including plagiarism have been carried out and external data / text has not been used without proper acknowledgement, while preparing this EIA report. Signature:
Name: S.K.Jain Designation: Director, Technical Name of the EIA Consultant organization EQMS Global Pvt. Ltd (Formerly known as EQMS India Pvt. Ltd.) NABET Certificate No. and Issue NABET/EIA/1619/SA070 and Issue date 18th July, 2018; Valid upto 9th May 2020
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. v Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1. Introduction ...... 1 1.2. Purpose of the report ...... 1 1.3. Project and Project Proponent ...... 1 1.4. Project Site ...... 2 1.5. Benefits of the proposed Project ...... 2 1.6. Purpose and Need of the EIA Study ...... 4 1.7. ToR Compliance ...... 6 1.8. Structure of the Report ...... 6 Chapter 2. Project Description ...... 8 2.1. About the Project ...... 8 2.2. SITE DETAILS AND LOCATION ...... 8 2.3. Approach to Site ...... 8 2.4. Proposed Products, By-products and Intermediates ...... 9 2.5. Raw Material ...... 14 2.6. Resource Requirements ...... 14 2.7. Environmental Aspects ...... 15 2.8. The Project Area and Surrounding Infrastructure ...... 20 Chapter 3. Description of the Environment ...... 22 3.1. Background and Salient Environmental Features of the Study Area ...... 22 3.2. Physical Environment ...... 33 3.3. Land use ...... 35 3.4. Meteorology ...... 36 3.5. Air Environment ...... 37 3.6. Noise Environment ...... 39 3.7. Traffic Study ...... 41 3.8. Water Quality ...... 41 3.9. Soil 43 3.10. Biological Environment ...... 46 3.11. Socio-Economic Environment ...... 50 3.12. Historical or Archaeological Site within the Study Area: ...... 56 Chapter 4. : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 57 4.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 57 4.2. POTENTIAL IMPACTS DURING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ...... 57 4.3. LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 58 4.4. AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 60 4.5. NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 66 4.6. WATER QUALITY ...... 68 4.7. SOLID WASTE ...... 69 4.8. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 69 4.9. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 71 Chapter 5. Analysis of Alternative Site ...... 73 5.1. Site Analysis ...... 73 5.2. Alternative for Technology and other Parameter ...... 73 Chapter 6. Environment Monitoring Programme ...... 75 6.1. Introduction ...... 75 6.2. Identification of the key monitoring Indicators: ...... 75 6.3. MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGIES ...... 75 6.3.2. Monitoring Programme ...... 75 6.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL ...... 76 6.5. Institutional Arrangement ...... 77 6.6. Documentation & Records ...... 77 6.7. ENVIRONMENT HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY ...... 78 vi EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
6.8. BUDGETARY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 81 Chapter 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 82 7.1. HAZARDS ANALYSIS & RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 82 Chapter 8. Project Benefits ...... 97 8.1. Introduction ...... 97 8.2. Importance of Pesticide Plant ...... 97 8.3. Market Scenario ...... 97 8.4. Imports vs. Indigenous production: ...... 97 8.5. Demand Supply Gap ...... 97 8.6. Export possibility ...... 98 8.7. Domestic/Export Markets ...... 98 8.8. Social Developmental Activities: ...... 98 8.9. Benefits to Government Revenue ...... 99 Chapter 9. Environment Cost Benefit Analysis ...... 100 Chapter 10. Environment Management Plan ...... 101 10.1. Introduction ...... 101 10.2. Objectives of EMP ...... 101 10.3. Design Considerations ...... 101 10.4. Environment Management Plan ...... 102 10.5. Green Belt Development ...... 103 10.6. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan ...... 104 10.7. Resource Conservation/ Waste Minimization ...... 104 10.8. Facilities for Employees ...... 105 10.9. Occupational Health Plan ...... 105 10.10. Rain water Harvesting System ...... 105 10.11. Budget for environmental management plan ...... 105 Chapter 11. Summary and Conclusion ...... 106 11.1. Project Description ...... 106 11.2. Environmental Aspects ...... 112 11.3. Description of the Environment ...... 113 11.4. Anticipated Environmental impactsand mitigation measures ...... 117 11.5. Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 119 11.6. Additional Studies ...... 119 11.7. Project Benefits ...... 120 11.8. Environment Management Plan ...... 120 Chapter 12. Disclosure of Consultant ...... 123
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. vii Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
List of Tables
Table 1.1 : Details of Permits and Clearance Applicable and its Status ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 1.2 : Compliance Status of Terms of Reference ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.1 : Salient Features of the Project Site (Existing and Expansion) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.2 : List of products with capacities ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.3 : Details of By-products & Intermediates ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.4 : Key Raw Material used in Proposed Unit ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.5 : Bulk Storages at Proposed Site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.6 : Land Break-up of Project Site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.7 : Water Requirement Details ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.8 : Fuel Requirement Details ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.9 : Influent Generation Source and Quantity ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.10 : Equipment Used For Waste Water Treatment (ZLD) ..... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.11 : Inlet and Outlet Characteristics of Wastewater ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.12 : Equipment List ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.13 Air Emission and stack Details ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2.14 : Hazardous Waste Generation and Management ...... 20 Table 3.1 : Geo-cordinates of the Project site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.2 : Salient Environmental Features of Proposed Site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.3 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards (2009) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.4 : Methods for Analysis of Soil Properties ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.5 : Summary of Methodology for Primary/Secondary Baseline Data Collection ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.6 : Land use of the Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.7 : Long Term Meteorological Data of Nagpur sonegaon (30 years average) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.8 : No. of Days with Zero Octas of Cloud Cover ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.9 : Monthly Percentages of Calm Periods ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.10 : Site Specific Meteorological Data ...... 37 Table 3.11 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.12 : Ambient Air quality results ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.13 : Ambient Air quality results ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.14 : Ambient Air quality results ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.15 AQI Category for Monitoring Station ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.16 Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Locations ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.17 : Ambient Noise Quality in the Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.18 Noise Pollution Level for Community Noise ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.19 : Noise Climate...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.20 : The traffic load Conditions in Local Road ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.21 : The traffic load Conditions in national highway-7 ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.22 : Ground Water Sampling Locations ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.23 : Surface Water Sampling Locations ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.24 : Ground Water Quality in the Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.25 : Ground Water Quality in the Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.26 : Surface Water Quality in the Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.27 : Soil Sampling Locations...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.28 : Physicochemical Characteristics of Soil ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.29 Area statement of Nagpur Forest Division and Hingna Range ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.30 : List of trees observed in the study area (Primary Data) Error! Bookmark not defined. (Source: Primary survey) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. viii EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Table 3.31 : List of Flora present in Study Area(Secondary data) ..... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.32 : List of Herbs & Shrubs ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.33 : List of the Fauna Recorded in Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Reptiles and Amphibian observed in Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.34 : List of the Birds Surveyed / Recorded in the Study Area Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.35 : Caste-wise Population Distribution of 2.0 Km Radial Zone ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.36 : Caste-wise Population Distribution of 10-km Radius Study Area . Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.37 : Male-female wise Literates & Illiterates ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.38 : Distribution of Work Participation Rate ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.39 : Village-wise Occupational Pattern in the Study Area .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.40 : Composition of Non-Workers ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.41 : Village Wise Basic Amenities (Census Records 2011) . Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4.1 Quantification of Pollution load due to movement of Trucks (per Day) .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4.2 : Stack Parameters and Emission Details of Proposed Sources ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4.3 : Summary of Maximum 24-hour GLC due to the Proposed Project ...... 63 Table 4.4 :Summary of Maximum GLC at Monitoring Locations due to the Proposed Project .. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 6.1 : Environment Monitoring Plan ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 6.2 : Monitoring Program during Operation Phase ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 6.3 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Monitoring Programme ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.1 : Universal Products Details ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.2 : Hazardous Raw Material Bulk Storages ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.3 : Hazard Analysis Products ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.4 : Hazards Analysis –Raw materials ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.5 :Risk Classification ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.6 : Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.7 : Thermal Radiation Impact to Human ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.8 : Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.9 : Damage due to Overpressure ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.10 : Different Failure Scenarios ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 7.11 : HazardsScenario Impact...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 8.1 CER Plan ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 10.1 : Action Points as per CREP Guidelines for Pesticide Industry ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 10.2 Environment Management Plan ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 10.3 Ecological criteria & Observations ...... 103 Table 10.4 Species suggested for plantation under Greenbelt Development Progaramme ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 10.5 Greenbelt Budget for 5 Year ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 10.6 : Budget for environmental management plan ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 10.7 Budget for Occupational Health & Safety Action Plan ..... Error! Bookmark not defined. List of products with capacities ...... 106 Table 11.1 : Influent Generation Source and Quantity ...... 112
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. ix Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
List of Figures Figure 1.1 : Project Location ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 1.2 Boundary Coordinates of the Project Site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 1.3 : Toposheet Map showing the project site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.1 : Location Map of Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.2 Diafenthiuron Flow Diagram ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.3 Tricyclazole Flow Diagram ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.4 Clodinafop-Propargyl Flow Diagram ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.5 Master Plan of MIDC Industrial Area, Butibori showing the location of project site . Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.6 : Layout Plan Showing the land distribution ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.7 Water Balance Diagram ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.8 Block Diagram of Proposed ETP ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.1 : cordinates of the Project site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.2 : Road and rail connectivity map ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.3 : Map showing the location of the project site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.4 : Map showing the Google imagery of the Project Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.5 : Toposheet Map of Study area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.6 : Drainage Map of Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.7 : Pre Monsoon Depth ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.8 : Post Monsoon Depth ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.9 : Seismic Zones Map ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.10 : Land Use of Study Area...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.11 : Land Use Map of the Study Area (10 km Radial Zone) Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.12 : Temperature variation in study area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.13 : Humidity variation in study area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.14 : Rainfall variation in study area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.15 : Rainy Days in the study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.16 : Cloud Amounts variation in study area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.17 : Wind speed variation in study area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.18 :Calm Period variation in study area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.19 : Wind Frequency Distribution (Winter Season) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.20 : Site-specific Wind Rose (Winter Season) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.21 : Photograph of the AAQ Monitoring ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.22 : Site-specific Wind Rose (Winter Season) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.23 : Photographs of Noise monitoring ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.24 : NH-7 ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.25 :Local Road...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.26 : Photographs of the Water Monitoring Location ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.27 : Photographs of the Soil Monitoring Location ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.28 : Male-Female wise Population Distribution ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.29 : Scheduled Caste Population in the Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.30 : Scheduled Tribes Population in the Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.31 : Male-Female wise Distribution of Literates & Illiterates Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.32 : Workers Scenario of the Study Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.33 : Composition of Main Workers ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.34 : Composition of Marginal Workers ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.35 : Composition of Non-Workers ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4.1 Windrose of Study period (October,2019 to December 31, 2019) ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4.2 : Isopleths Contributed 24 Hourly GLCs of PM10(μg/m3) due to Proposed Project Error! Bookmark not defined.
x EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3 Figure 4.3 : Isopleths Contributed 24 Hourly GLCs of PM2.5 (μg/m ) due to Proposed Project . Error! Bookmark not defined. 3 Figure 4.4 Isopleths Contributed 24 Hourly GLCs of SO2 (μg/m ) due to Proposed Project ..... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4.5 Isopleths Contributed 24 Hourly GLCs of NOx(μg/m3) due to Proposed Project ..... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3 Figure 4.6 : Isopleths Contributed 24 Hourly GLCs of NH3(μg/m ) due to Proposed Project .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4.7 : Isopleths Contributed 24 Hourly GLCs of HCl (μg/m3) due to Proposed Project ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4.8 : Isopleths Contributed 24 Hourly GLCs of HBr (μg/m3) due to Proposed Project ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5.1 Master Plan of MIDC Industrial Area, Butibori showing the location of project site .. Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 6.1 Organization Structure of EMC ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
List of Abbreviations: ToR Terms of Reference EIA Environment Impact Assessment AAQ Ambient Air Quality APHA American Public Health Association BDL Below Detection Level BIS Bureau of Indian Standards CPCB Central Pollution Control Board MoEF&CC Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change TPD Tons per Day CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate IRR Internal rate of return CTE Consent to Establish CTO Consent to operate MT Metric Tones NOC No Objection Certificate EAC Expert Appraisal Committee B Boron Zn Zinc MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board KLD Kilo Litre per Day N North S South E East W West NE North East SW South West NH National Highway km Kilometer M2 squaremeter Kg Kilogram SA / H2SO4 Sulphuric Acid KCl Potassium Chloride HDPE High Density Poly ethylene PP Polypropylene EOT Electric overhead traveling PM Particulate Matter ETP Effluent Treatment Plant MS Mild steel RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete MPPKVVC M.P. Paschim Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Co. Ltd
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. xi Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
kVA/ KW Kilo Volt ampere/ Kilo watt DG Diesel Generator F Floride SO2 Sulphur Dioxide NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NH3 Ammonia Cl Chlorine STP Sewage Treatment Plant GLC Groung level Concentration CFM Cubic Feet per Minute Mg/ Nm3 Miligram per Normal meter cube DDS Dedusting System SPCB State Pollution Control Board dBA Decibel (A) RO Reverse Osmosis CER Corporate Environment Responsibility QA/QC Quality Assurance/ Quality Control SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission GIS Geographic Information System CGWB Central Ground Water Board FCC False Color Composite MSS multispectral µg/m3 Microgram per metercube PCU Passenger Car Unit IRC Indian Road Congress BDU Best Designated Use GW Ground water CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate Mbgl Meter below ground level IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature‟s CO Carbon Monoxide APCM Air Pollution Controling Equipment PUC Pollution Under Control ILO International Labour Organization PPEs Personal protective equipment VOC Volatile Organic Carbon USEPA United State Environmental Protection Agency AERMOD Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System UTM Universal Transverse Meter TSDF Treatment, Storage, And Disposal Facility ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge RET Rare, Endangered And Threatened MIDC Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation FPS Fine Particulate Matter Sampler DGMS Directorate General of Mines Safety, EMP Environment Management Plan DMP Disaster Management Plan RSPM Respirable suspended particulate matter EHS Environment Health & Safety EMC Environment Management Cell ERPG Emergency Response Planning Guidelines IDLH Immediately Dangerous To Life Or Health LDO Light Diesel Oil HSD High Sulphur Diesel LEL Lower Explosive Limit UEL Upper Explosive Limit ACGIH The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists STEL Short-Term Exposure Limit TLV Threshold Limit Value IT Inhalation Toxicity xii EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
AEGL Acute Exposure Guideline Levels HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan LED Light Emitting Diode NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards MSRL Mild Steel Rubber Lined
List of Annexure ANNEXURE-I: TOR LETTER ANNEXURE-II: NABET ACCREDITATION LETTER ANNEXURE III: MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PRODUCTS ANNEXURE IV: LAND ALLOTMENT LETTER ANNEXURE V: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PROJECT SITE ANNEXURE VI: LIST OF INDUSTRIES WITHIN 10 KM AREA ANNEXURE VII: NABL CERTIFICATE OF THE LAB ANNEXURE IX: FLY ASH MANAGEMENT PLAN ANNEXURE X: AFFIDAVIT FOR NO BANNED PESTICIDES MANUFACTURING ANNEXURE XI: BASELINE MONITORING RESULTS
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. xiii
Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction The role of the pesticides in the well-being of human race needs no emphasis. They help farmers grow more food/ reduce food loss by protecting crops from pests, diseases and weeds thus raising productivity per hectare. Food crops need tocompete with 30,000 species of weeds, 3,000 species of worms and 10,000 species of plant-eating insects. And threats don‟t stop once crops leave fields – bugs, molds and rodents can alsocause damage in storage. Pesticides can save the life of crops and prevent post-harvest losses. Currently, about 925 million people around the world i.eone in seven of us are going hungry. To reduce hunger, we need to increase food production. Pesticides help farmers do that. The proposed project is a greenfield project for setting up new technical grade pesticide manufacturing unit within Butibori Industrial estate located in Pohi village of tehsil Hingana district Nagpur Maharastra. 1.2. Purpose of the report The purpose of environmental impact assessment of the proposed pesticide project is to identify and evaluate the nature, magnitude and significance of the potential adverse environmental impacts arising during construction and operation of the project and formulation of site specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for avoiding, mitigating, checking the adverse impacts envisaged during EIA studies on various environmental components during construction and operational phase of the project. 1.3. Project and Project Proponent 1.3.1. Identification of project M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries (henceforth Universal) propose to setup technical grade pesticide manufacturing unit on plot IC50 admeasuring 12500 m2 atButibori Industrial estate located in Village-Pohi, Tehsil-Hingana, District- Nagpur Maharashtra. The said plot has been allotted by MIDC on lease to Universal Agro Chemical Industries. Allotment letter is enclosed as Annexure IV. Out of the total plot area, about 33.42% i.e4177 m2land will be allocated for the greenbelt development and plantation. Proposed plant will be designed with the basic concept of green chemistry with modifications to optimize energy utilization and with significant reduction of manual interface. Total 48 products; 13-Insecticides, 17-Herbicides & 18-Fungicides are proposed to be manufactured at the site withtotal capacity of 3600 MTPA. The total estimated cost of the project is Rs17.7 Crore. Identification of project proponentIts a diversified, research based agri-inputs company, dedicated to the service of Indian farmers with the objective of improving agricultural productivity through sustainable farming. They offer a wide range of products that cater to the entire crop lifecycle.There businesses include manufacturing and marketing of crop protection products like pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, crop care products like micronutrients, organic fertilizer, soil conditioners and organic manures as well as processing of seeds for field crops and vegetables.The company was established in 1973 in West Bengal by visionary entrepreneur Kamal Kumar Roy with a couple of micro-nutrient products and a few dealers in
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 1 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
its network. Over the years, we have been successful in building a strong product portfolio and an extensive sales network spread across multiple states of India.
Project Proponent: M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries. Registered Address: IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana Dist. Nagpur Maharashtra Authorized Signatory : Mr. Subhomoy Roy Designation : Partner Email Id : [email protected] Mobile No. : +91-9923811100
1.4. Project Site Proposed plant site is inButiboriIndustrail estate at Village-Pohi, Tehsil - Hingana, District - NagpurMaharashtra as shown in Figure 1.1. The site is located about 5.0 km south east of the Butibori town. The site boundary coordinates of the proposed project are shown in the Figure 1.2.Toposheet map showing the project site and 10 km area from the proposed site is as shown in Figure 1.3.The site is connected to NH7 through village road. NH7 is at around 7.26 km away in East direction from the proposed site. Nearest Railway station is Butibori Railway Station at 8 km from the project site. 1.5. Benefits of the proposed Project The role of the pesticides in the well being of human race needs no emphasis. Pesticide usage has become essential in order to maximize agriculture production and reduce damage due to pests/weed/rodents, etc. The rapid changes in cropping patterns, increased fertilization, and adoption of programs for high yielding varieties have all contributed to increased use of pesticides. Further, pest problems keep on changing with the changing environment. New physiological kinds evolve as a result of mutations to withstand new conditions in nature. Many pest species develop resistant strains when the same Pesticide is used far too often.
The problems of pest resurgence and secondary pest out-breaks crop up with the indiscriminate use of pesticides. These associated problems offer a great scope for revolutionizing the use of pesticides. However, in India though the overcall pesticide growth figures may appear impressive, the rate of consumption per hectare of cultivated land is very low in comparison with some advanced countries. The global population currently stands at 7.2 billion and is expected to rise to 9.3 billion by 2050. This will lead to an increased demand for food. The dietary needs in emerging countries will change as economy grows. To meet the food & nutrition needs of a growing population requires a sustainable approach that puts thrust on increasing productivity against the background of lower yields & decreasing farm sizes. It requires a push from all stakeholders – the farmer, the government and the agrochemical/agro industry collectively so that the changing needs of the society are met. Around 25% of the global crop output is lost due to attacks by pests, weeds and diseases which does not augur well for farming given the critical challenges ahead and thus agrochemicals have an increasing role to play.
India used 180 g of pesticides/ha. as against 10,790g, 1870 g and 1490 g/ha used in Japan,
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 2 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Europe and U.S.A. respectively. India spent just Rs. 2.15/ha on pesticides while Japan and U.S.A spent Rs.110/ha and Rs.35/ha respectively during the same period. India consumed 12 gm. of pesticides per kg of fertilizer used against 146 gm. in Japan and 19 gm in U.S.A. This is one of the major factors that can be attributed to low per hectare yields in our country since the crops and especially the high yielding varieties cannot manifest their production potential in absence of proper pest protection. The production potential remains suppressed for want of protection, this can be exemplified by considering how in wheat, a crop comparatively resistant to insect pestilence, we have had a “revolution” where as in paddy which is one of the most heavily infested crops, we have had no break-through. In case of wheat, the per hectare yield in India rose from 827 kg to 1338 kg.However, responding yields of paddy in India on the other hand was 1826 kg as against 6185 kg, 5326 kg ,5105 kg and 4000 kg in Japan, Egypt, USA and USSR respectively. Within the country itself, there is a great imbalance between different regions with regard to the use of pesticides. Out of the total of approximately Rs.5000 million spent on pesticides at the farm level, south contributed for about 45 per cent of the total consumption while rest 55%accumulate the rest of the country. The proposed project is an attempt to close the gap between supply and demand, reduce import and benefit for the agriculture. The proposed products range are having good demand in the Market & as per market survey by the company and there is a less supply of the products against its demand. To overcome this shortage & to bridge demand-supply gap, the company have proposed to have this project.
At 180 million hectares, India holds the second largest agricultural land holdings in the world. Agricultural GDP has increased at a rate of 3% between 1980 & 2012 which makes India the third largest agricultural producer by value right behind China & the United States. With more than half the population dependent on agriculture as the chief source of income, the agricultural sector is yet to realize its full potential in terms of bringing in efficiencies along the value chain- increasing yields, processing & exports. The contribution of the agricultural sector to the GDP is a mere 13.9 %.
Imports vs. Indigenous production:
Based on the current cost of indigenous raw materials, it will make us very competitive against imported finished products and we will be able to increase the export of our finished products.
India imports agrochemicals mainly from China (55%), USA (11%), Germany (6%) and Israel (5%). China also sources India most of the raw materials needed to manufacture agrochemicals. In the current financial year there has been an increase in exports of insecticides and herbicides by 18.9% and 20.5% respectively. Fungicide imports have fallen by 2.6%.
Demand Supply Gap
Based on in-official survey of M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries, the market with current customers and various traders, company has found that there is a big potential for the range of the products proposed at the plant. These products are versatile products as far as pesticide application is concerned.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 3 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Export possibility
As per market survey by the company, these proposed products are having a domestic as well as export market due to its demand in India and the foreign countries for different types of pesticides like organic pesticides, agriculture pesticides, herbicide, insecticide etc.
The export of pesticides from India has seen a strong growth over the last few years. Globally, India is the thirteenth largest exporter of pesticides. Most of the exports are off-patent products. The major exports from India happen to Brazil, USA, France and Netherlands. The key growth drivers are India's capability in low cost manufacturing, availability of technically trained manpower, seasonal domestic demand, overcapacity, better price realization globally and strong presence in generic pesticide manufacturing (India has process technologies for more than 60 generic molecules).
1.6. Purpose and Need of the EIA Study Government of India, as per its policy has given emphasis on Sustainable Development. While it is supporting the industrial growth, the environmental protection has been made anintegrated criteria for this support. In line with this policy, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has defined elaborated „Environment Clearance (EC)‟ framework under The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 (Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006) for establishing/expanding an industry/development project. The EC process takes into consideration local conditions, public concerns, effectiveness of impact assessment and proposed mitigation measures in sustaining environmental equilibrium. The base documentation/study report, called Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) detailing with baseline conditions, environmental impacts, mitigation measures and management plan need to be prepared for start of EC process. Prior Environmental Clearance is required from concerned authorities for all projects and activities mentioned in “Schedule” as per Environmental Impact Assessment notification dated September 14, 2006. The proposed project comes under “project activity-5 (b) of schedule.” Considering the products portfolio, the proposed projects falls in “Category A” of Schedule of the EIA notification which requires Environmental Clearance (EC) from MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The project is proposedwithinnotified Industrial areahence public hearing is not applicable. The plant will be installed inButibori Industrial area at Village-Pohi, Tehsil- Hingana, District- Nagpur, Maharashtra.
The objectives of the present EIA are to:
To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the project, and/or likely to cause impacts upon both the natural and man-made environment. To describe the proposed project and associated works together along with the requirements. To identify and quantify any environmental impacts associated with the proposed project and recommend appropriate mitigation measures. To identify landscape and visual quality in the study area so as to evaluate the landscape and visual impacts of the proposed project. To propose mitigation measures to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 4 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
and nuisance during construction and operation of the proposed project. To identify, assess and specify methods, measures and standards, to be included in the detailed design, construction and operation of the proposed project which are necessary to mitigate these impacts and reduce them to allowable levels within established standards/guidelines. To identify and justify the need for environmental monitoring to define the scope of the requirements necessary. To ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the environmental protection and pollution control measures adopted. To identify constraints associated with the mitigation measures recommended in this EIA. To identify any additional studies necessary to fulfil the objectives required for the EIA Study 1.6.1. Regulatory Framework Requirement of Environmental Clearance Prior Environmental Clearance is required from concerned authorities for all projects and activities mentioned in “Schedule” as per Environmental Impact Assessment notification dated September 14, 2006. The project comes under “activity-5 (b) of schedule.” Considering the products portfolio, the proposed projects falls in “Category A” of Schedule of the EIA notification which requires Environmental Clearance (EC) from MoEF&CC, New Delhi. Details of permits and clearance applicable to this project is given in Table 1.1below
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 5 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
1.7. ToR Compliance Standard Terms of Reference (TOR) was issued by MoEF&CC vide their letter No:IA-J- 11011/333/2019-IA-II(I) dated 12.12.2019for preparation of EIA/EMP enclosed as Annexure I.The TOR compliance status of the project has been presented in Table 1.2. 1.8. Structure of the Report This EIA report has been prepared based on available on-site primary data (survey/ monitoring) and secondary/literature data. The EIA report contains project features, baseline environmental setup, assessment of environmental impacts, and formulation of mitigation measures, environmental management and monitoring plan with risk & disaster management plan. The report includes 12 Chapters included executive summary in chapter 11. The structure of the EIA Report with necessary tables, drawings and annexure is as follows:
Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter provides background information on need of project, need of EIA study and brief of the project. The scope and EIA methodology adopted in preparation of EIA report have also been described in this chapter. It also covers the identification of project & project proponent, brief description of nature, size, location of the project and its importance to the country and the region. Scope of the study details about the regulatory scoping carried out as per the generic structure given in the EIA notification, 2006.
Chapter 2: Project Description This chapter deals with the project details of the proposed Technical grade Pesticides Manufacturing Unit including manufacturing process, utilities and other infrastructural facilities. The chapter also deals with the Environmental aspects including effluents, Emission, noise, hazardous wastes with the proposed mitigation measures including technical details of raw material, quality and quantity etc.
Chapter 3: Description of the Environment
This chapter presents the existing environmental status of the study area around the proposed project including topography, drainage pattern, water environment, geological, climate, transport system, land use, flora & fauna, socio-economic aspects, basic amenities etc. Environmental assessment of the proposed project site in regard to its capability to receive the proposed new development is also discussed in this chapter.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures This chapter describes the overall impacts of the proposed project activities and underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation measures. It predicts the overall impact of the proposed project on different components of the environment viz. air, water, land, noise, biological, and socio-economic.
Chapter 5: Alternative Site Analysis
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 6 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
This chapter covers the details of various alternatives in respect of both location of site and technologies to be deployed relevant to the project.
Chapter-6: Environment Monitoring Programme This chapter covers the planned Environmental Monitoring Program during construction and operation phase. It includes the technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
Chapter 7: Additional Studies This chapter deals with the potential risk assessment carried out for the proposed project at pesticides complex during construction and operation due to bulk storages of Hazardous materials i.e.Ammonia; Fuels and HCl Acids etc. and sample disaster management plan.
Chapter 8: Project Benefits This chapter describes the benefits accruing to the locality, neighborhood, region and nation as a whole. It brings out details of benefits by way of improvement in the physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, employment potential and other tangible benefits..
Chapter 9: Environment Cost Benefit Analysis This chapter defines the benefits on Environment due to the proposed project.
Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment exercise. It provides mitigation and control measures for environmental management plan (EMP) for minimizing the negative environmental impacts and to strengthening the positive environmental impacts of the proposed project. Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures have been given in this chapter.
This chapter provides mitigation and control measures for environmental management plan (EMP) for minimizing the negative environmental impacts and to strengthening the positive environmental impacts of the proposed project.
Chapter 11: Summary & Conclusion This chapter provides the summary and conclusions of the EIA study of the proposed project with overall justification for implementation of the project and explanation of how, adverse effects will be mitigated.
Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged This chapter provides the disclosure of consultants engaged to carry out the EIA study along with other additional studies.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 7 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
CHAPTER 2. Project Description 2.1. About the Project M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries (henceforth Universal) is proposing anew Pesticide Manufacturing unit of Capacity: 3600 MT/Annum (Pesticides & Insectides-13 nos, Fungicides- 18 nos, Herbicide-17 nos).
The proposed project involves the production of technical grade pesticide along with formulation unit. As the Environmental Clearance is exempted for the formulation units, therefore Consent to Establish application for the formulation plant is already in process. There is no interlinked project with this project. The project falls in Category A-5(b).
The new plant will be designed with the basic concept of green chemistry with modifications to optimize energy utilization and with significant reduction of manual interface.
2.2. SITE DETAILS AND LOCATION The proposed project will be coming up at Plot No. IC-50, MIDC Butibori Industrial Estate, Tehsil Hingana, district Nagpur, Maharashtra. The location map of the project site is shown in Figure 2.1.
The salient features of the proposed site are shown in Table 2.1below:
2.3. Approach to Site The site is located at Plot No. IC-50, MIDC Butibori Industrial Estate, Tehsil Hingana, district Nagpur, Maharashtra. Local raod approaching proposed site is well connected to national highway-7 (Mancherial-Chandrapur-Nagpur Road) through Salaidhaba-Gumgaon road, which is passing close to eastern boundary of the proposed site. National Highway-7 is passing about 7.26 km east of the proposed site. Nearest railway station is ButiBori railway station located about 8 km from site in south-east direction. Major railway station is Nagpur railway station located at about 26.74 km away from the site. Nearest airport is Babasaheb Ambedaker International airport at Nagpur located about 18 km north-east from site.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 8 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
2.4. Proposed Products, By-products and Intermediates 2.4.1. Product Details M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries is proposing a new Pesticide Manufacturing unit of Capacity: 3600MT/Annum.( Insectides-13 nos, Fungicides-18 nos, Herbicide-17 nos, By- products, Intermediates). List of products and associated by-products to be manufactured at the site are mentioned in Table 2.2 and Table 2.3. The mass balance and the process description of all the proposed products is attached as Annexure III.
2.4.2. Manufacturing Process of Proposed Products 2.4.2.1 Proposed Products: 1) Pesticides & Insecticides Manufacturing Process of Diafenthiuron PROCESS : -
Stage – I Bromination of 2, 6-di (propan-2-yl) aniline in presence of sodium hydroxide and liquid bromine, ethyl acetate as a solvent at appropriate time and temperature gives 4-bromo-2, 6-di (propan- 2-yl) aniline (Stage – I) with generation of potassium bromide as by productsand some Hydrobromic acid emission will pass throw scrubber.
Stage – II Condensation of phenol with 4-bromo-2, 6-di (propan-2-yl) aniline (Stage – I)in presence of potassium hydroxide at appropriate time and temperature gives 4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2- yl)aniline (Stage – II) with generation of potassium bromide salt and water as bi products.
Stage – III Reaction of HCl with 4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)aniline at appropriate time and temperature gives 4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)aniline hydro chloride (Stage – III) .
Stage – IV Preparation of 4-isothiocyanato-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl phenyl ether with 4-phenoxy-2,6- di(propan-2-yl)aniline (Stage – III) in presence of NaSCN and Xylene at appropriate time and temperature gives 4-isothiocyanato-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl phenyl ether`
Stage – V Preparation of Diafenthiuron with 4-isothiocyanato-3, 5-di (propan-2-yl) phenyl phenyl ether (Stage – IV) react with 2-methylpropan-2-amine at appropriate time and temperature gives Diafenthiuron. Chemical Reaction:
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 9 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Stage - I H C CH 3 3 H3C CH3 Br Br KOH Br NH2 + NH2 + K OR HBr H O Acetic Acid + 2 CH3 Formula Weight = 119.0 Formula Weight = 18.0 CH3 Formula Weight = 159.8 Br CH3 CH3 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)aniline 4-bromo-2,6-di(propan-2-yl) aniline Formula Weight = 177.28 Formula Weight = 256.18 H3C
CH3 H3C CH3 O NH 2 KBr H O NH2 KOH + + 2 + Mol Wt = 119 Mol Wt = 18 HO CH CH3 3 Br phenol H3C Formula Weight = 94.11124 4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)ani CH3 line Formula Weight = 269.38132 4-bromo-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)ani line Formula Weight = 256.18202
H3C H3C CH3 CH3
O . cl NH2 H O NH2 + H cl CH3 CH3 H C Formula Weight = 36 3 H3C 4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)ani 4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)ani line Hydrochloride line Formula Weight = 269.38132 Formula Weight = 305.50
H3C H3C
CH3 CH3 + NaCl NH3 O . H cl O N + NH2 Mol Wt = 58 Mol Wt = 14 NaSCN S Xylene CH3 CH3
H3C H3C 4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)ani 4-isothiocyanato-3,5-di(propan-2-yl) line Hydrochloride phenyl phenyl ether Formula Weight = 305.50 Formula Weight = 311.44114
H3C
CH3 H3C CH3 CH3 CH O N + H3C 3 S H3C NH2 O NH CH NH 3 CH3 CH3 H3C S 2-methylpropan-2-amine H C 4-isothiocyanato-3,5-di(propan-2-yl) 3 CH3 phenyl phenyl ether Formula Weight = 73.13684 Difenthuron Formula Weight = 311.44 Formula Weight = 384.57798
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 10 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The mass balance and the process description of rest of Pesticides & Insecticides products is attached as Annexure III.
2) Fungicides Manufacturing Process of Tricyclazole PROCESS : -
Stage –I
O-toluidine reacted with ammonium thiocynate in presence of hydrochloric acid at appropriate time and temperature gives1-(2-methylphenyl) thiourea and ammonium Chloride as by-product.
Stage – II
1-(2-methylphenyl)thiourea reacted with chlorine in presence of dichloromethane at appropriate time and temperature gives4-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine HCl and hydrogen Chloride as by-product.
Stage –III
4-methyl-1, 3-benzothiazol-2-amine HCl reacted with hydrazine hydrate in presence of ethylene glycol at appropriate time and temperature 2-Hydrazino 4-Methyl Benzothiozole (HMBT) and ammonium Chloride as by-product.
Stage –IV
2-Hydrazino 4-Methyl Benzothiozole (HMBT) is reacted with formic acid at 100°C water formed is separated & the product is drawned in chilled water. Washed with water & dried in dryer.
Chemical Reaction:
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 11 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Stage - I CH3 CH3 NH S
NH2 NH HCl 2 + NH4SCN + 1-(2-methylphenyl)thiourea Ammonium thiocyanate hydrogen chloride 2-methylaniline Formula Weight: 76.12 Formula Weight: 166.24 Formula Weight: 36.46 Formula Weight: 107.15 Molecular Formula: C8H10N2S Molecular Formula: C H N 7 9 +
NH4Cl Ammonium chloride Stage - II Formula Weight: 53.49 CH 3 CH3 NH S Cl N HCl + Cl MDC + NH HCl NH 2 hydrogen chloride 2 Mol wt = 71.0 S Formula Weight: 36.5 4-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol- Formula Weight: 166.24 2-amine HCl Formula Weight: 200.68 Molecular Formula: C8H10N2S
Molecular Formula: C8H9ClN2S Stage - III
CH3 CH3 NH2
N N NH2 + H N H2O + NH2 HCl 2 NH S hydrazine S Formula Weight: 32.045 4-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol- 2-hydrazinyl-4-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole 2-amine HCl Molecular Formula: H6N2O Formula Weight: 179.24 1-(2-methylphenyl)thiourea Molecular Formula: C8H9N3S Molecular Formula: C8H9ClN2S Formula Weight: 200.68 H O NH4Cl + 2 Ammonium chloride water Stage - IV Formula Weight: 53.49 Formula Weight: 18.0
CH3 CH O 3 N NH2 NH + H OH N N + H2O S formic acid N water S Formula Weight: 18.0 2-hydrazinyl-4-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole 5-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b] Formula Weight: 179.24 [1,3]benzothiazole
Molecular Formula: C8H9N3S Formula Weight: 189.23
Molecular Formula: C9H7N3S
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 12 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The mass balance and the process description of rest of Fungicides products is attached as AnnexureIII.
3) Herbicide Manufacturing Process of Clodinafop-Propargyl PROCESS : -
Stage – I chloroprop Preparation of Potassium salt of 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) propanoic acid by using potassium carbonate and insitute goes for condensation with 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine and etherification with 3- -1-yne gives prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-{4-[(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl) oxy]Phenoxy}propanoate Chemical Reaction:
CH 3 O H CH3 O K O O H O H O + K2CO3 H2O CO2 Formula Weight = 138.2055 + +
HO K O 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanoic acid dipotassium 2-(4-oxidophenoxy)propanoate Formula Weight = 182.1733 Formula Weight = 258.35402
Cl CH3 O K O Cl F H O N F KF + N F + O Mol Wt = 58 K O dipotassium 2-(4-oxidophenoxy) 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine propanoate O Formula Weight = 258.35 Formula Weight = 149.52 H3C H
O O K Formula Weight = 349.7832032
Cl Cl
N N F + F O O KCl HC Cl + 3-chloroprop-1-yne Formula Weight = 74.50 O O
H3C H H3C H
O O O O K
potassium 2-{4-[(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl) CH oxy]phenoxy}propanoate prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-{4-[(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl) Formula Weight = 349.7832032 oxy]phenoxy}propanoate Formula Weight = 349.7408232 The mass balance and the process description of rest of herbicide products is attached as AnnexureIII.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 13 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
2.5. Raw Material 2.5.1. Details of Raw material for the Proposed Unit
Major raw materials for the proposed products to be used are mention in Table 2.4.
2.6. Resource Requirements 2.6.1. Land Break-up The proposed project site is situated at Plot No. IC - 50 MIDC Industrial Area Butibori,Nagpur District of Maharashtra. The land belongs to MIDC and has been alotted to M/s Universal Agro- Chemical Industries; the allotment letter is enclosed as Annexure IV.
The site being in the notified industrial estate, landuse of the site is industrial. all common environmental infrastructure facilities are developed and available in MIDC. It is well connected to railandroad., . Master plan of MIDC Industrial area is shown in Figure 2.5.
The project is proposed to be developed on the total plot area of 12500 m2 area. The land distribution of the project is presented in Table 2.6 and layout plan of the project has been presented in Figure 2.6.More than 33.5% of the total land area will be utilized for greenbelt and plantation. 2.6.2. Power The proposed power requirement for the plant will be 1250 KWH which will be sourced from Maharashtra State Electricity Corporation Limited (MSEDCL). To meet the emergency power requirement for critical operations for ensuring safety, 03No‟s DG sets having capacity 400 KVA each will be as standby power back up.
2.6.3. Water Fresh water requirement for the plant will be 39KLD. The total water requirement for the plant will be 72 KLD. The source of water for the proposed project will be meeting through MIDC water supply. Water requirement details and the water balance is shown in Table 2.7 and Figure 2.7.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 14 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
2.6.4. Fuel Requirement Fuel consumption in the plant is as given below:
2.6.5. Employment The proposed project leads to the employment generation of 250 permanent employees and 150 temporary employees during operation phase. 20-30 no. of temporary employees and 10- 15no. of permanent employee during construction phase will be hired.
During the construction phase, the employment will be generated for skilled, semiskilled and unskilled labors. Technical persons will be employed during the operation phase and preferences shall be given to local people as per their skill and experience. Training programs will be set up for the development of local community as per the work requirement.
2.7. Environmental Aspects
The proposed project will generate gaseous emissionscontaining traces of SO2/NOx, PM, HCl,
HBr, NH3from fuel burning in Boilers and DG sets and process stacks.
While designing the plant Pollution Control System, main objective is Zero liquid discharge. All liquid effluent streams from process shall be recycled back into the process after necessary treatment in ETP. Zero liquid discharge will be maintained.
The environmental aspects of the proposed project will be described with the following environmental attributes:
Water Pollution Air Pollution Noise Pollution Solid/ Hazardous Waste Generation
2.7.1. Water Pollution The sources of waste water from the proposed plant will be from construction site during construction phase and process, boiler, cooling tower, washings, canteen facilities and admin building during operation phase. The domestic waste water will be treated in sewage treatment plant and will be reused for gardening and cleaning purposes. But to avoid the spill conditions in emergency, the provision of septic tanks and soak pits will also be proposed at the site. The storm water drainage from the site will be separate and shall be discharged to common MIDC drain line for the industrial area For industrial effluent Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) will be proposed. Waste water streams generated from processes using Sodium Cyanide, will be treated
with KMnO4 and Sulfuric Acid in a treatment facility to make stable complex of Cyanide. The entire operation will be in a closed system.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 15 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
There will be no process effluents discharged. All the treated effluent will be recycled in process and other utilities. But to avoid the spill conditions in emergency, the permission of discharge in CETP will be taken. The ETP sludge will be temporarily stored and treated at the site and further will be disposed at the TSDF site. Hence impact on water quality from the proposed project is insignificant. The brief of Effluent management plan as mentioned below:
Influent Treatment Procedure & ETP [ETP Layout/ Effluent quality]
The influent is neutralized (if required) in equalization / neutralization pits provided with appropriate agitation system. The neutralized effluent is pumped to the primary settling tank. The clear decanted water overflows into 1st and 2nd biological degradation aeration systems followed by secondary settling tank and secondary treated effluent collection tanks. This water is partially reused for activities like lime preparation, washings, partially recycled to the aeration pond to maintain the COD loading and the balance is pumped through a pressure sand filter and a carbon bed filter into treated effluent storage tank, from that it will go to MEE plant. The sludge from the primary and secondary clarification is transferred to the sludge drying beds with leachate collection system. The dried sludge is collected, stored in discarded HDPE bags and stacked in separate area and disposed to land filling site.
2.7.1.1 Rain water harvesting system Due to pesticide plant, there will not be provision of rain water harvesting at the project site. The storm water drainage from the site will be separate and shall be discharged to common MIDC drain line of the industrial area. Hence, the storm water will not discharged in any water body. 2.7.2. Air Pollution Emission Control System
All the vents from reactors will be connected to three stage condensers with cooling, chilling and brine to achieve 95 to 98% solvent recovery. All solvent storage tanks will be provided with nitrogen blanketing and operated in close system and also the tank outside shall be provided with auto cooling system for avoiding losses of solvents. Vessels, filters and spot ventilation ducts are collected and sent to a set of scrubbers – one water scrubber followed by an alkali scrubber to absorb any pollutant / odour producing gases and chemicals giving 99% removal efficiency. The gases exiting the last tower will bebelow permissible parameters. All drying equipment will be connected to bag filter to avoid dust emission.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 16 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The impact on air quality due to the operation of the proposed project will be mainly due to the following sources:
Emission of particulate matter from the boiler stacks and DG sets, gaseous emissions (NH3, HCl, HBr, SO2, NOx) from boiler stacks, process stacks and DG sets Fugitive emissions The control measures employed for controlling air pollution are Two stage scrubbers, inbuilt internal cyclones and bag filters to control the emissions to atmosphere. The emissions from stack will confirm to the regulatory requirement. Stack and vent of adequate height for all the process plant and D.G.Sets. Reuse of dust separated from internal cyclones separator, Bag filter and from dust collector in process.
LDAR (LEAK DETACTION AND REPAIR) PROGRAMME
Pesticides are manufactured in multi-stages in batch mode. In the manufacture of technical grade pesticides, various types of solvent are being used by the industries. Some of the solvents used are low boiling solvents and when such solvents are used, emission of Volatile Organic Compounds can be high. In addition to this, from the manufacture of intermediate products or technical grade pesticides, emission of raw or by-products like Cl2,
HCl,SO2 etc. is possible.
The proposed pesticide industries will use pipelines, pumps, valves and other fittings in the transfer of solvents/raw materials from storage to the reactors and other ancillary facilities. To reduce fugitive emissions in the plant, proper LDAR program is required in the industry.
The proposed LDAR program is as follows:-
Identification of sources: Valves, pipes, joints, pump seals, flanges etc. Monitoring of VOC is to be carried out regularly. Control of fugitive emission Fugitive emissions are expected to be generated during construction and operation stages of the proposed project. During construction stage, main source of fugitive emission is dust which is expected mainly due to movement of vehicles carrying construction material and vehicles used for construction. During operation stage, leakage through valves, pumps, emission from open drum containing chemicals, open feeding; storage tanks, etc. are the major sources of fugitive emissions of organic chemicals and VOCs. Excess use of solvent may also results fugitive emission from the process vessels.
Following measures will be adopted to prevent and control fugitive emissions:
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 17 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Airborne dust at all transfers operations/ points will be controlled either by spraying water or providing enclosures. Care will be taken to store construction material properly to prevent fugitive emissions, if any. Adequate ventilation will be provided. Regular maintenance of valves, pumps and other equipment will be done to prevent leakages and thus minimizing the fugitive emissions of VOCs. Entire process will be carried out in the closed reactors with proper maintenance of pressure and temperature. Periodic monitoring of work area will be carried out to check the fugitive emission. Breather valves will be provided on solvent tanks. Solvent tank vents will be connected to vent chillers. To eliminate chances of leakages from glands of pumps, mechanical seal will be provided at all solvent pumps. During transfer of material, steps shall be taken to reduce and prevent splashes and spills. Any liquid or dry material spilled shall be cleaned as expeditiously as possible. Stand by pumps will be provided on all scrubbers. Besides, scrubbers will be equipped with on-line pH meter for better operational control. Close feeding system will be provided for centrifuges. Centrifuge and filtrate tank vents will be connected to vent chillers. Product filling stations will be equipped with vacuum duct hoods. Good housekeeping, proper maintenance and continuous observation will prevent the chances of any fugitive emission from the process plant. When monitoring results indicate VOC above permissible limit repairing should be done immediately. The repair should be conducted in such a way that there is no fugitive emission from the particular component. VOC Reduction& Odour Control Measures Optimization of process parameters. Change in utility services Recycle / Reduction of Aqueous layer Increase in settling time Yield improvement Stripping of Aqueous layer Solvent input quantity reduction Elimination of solvent wash Common venting systems with spiral HEs When any solvent/reaction mixture will be transferred from one equipment to other equipment then Vapours displace from destination vessel and fill in the space vacated in the source vessel not allowing any solvent vapours to escape Instrumentation to prevent/control accidental/more release of solvent into the
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 18 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
atmosphere Mechanical seal/seal less pumps are used for solvents In unit operations/processes involving vacuum, vacuum will be controlled by recycle of vent gases from vacuum pump vent line Instrumentation to prevent loss of solvent vapours (High vacuum trip with steam block valve/feed block valve as the case may be) Storage tanks and plant tanks will be connected to same venting system. So no escape of solvent during transfer Appropriate design of condensers during detailed engineering phase of project. (ensuring sufficient line size and thereby flowrate) Annual cleaning of condensers to remove scaling (shutdown activity) Storage of volatile liquids at lower temperature than boiling point to avoid losses into the atmosphere. (Brine will be used for the same) Annual inspection and maintenance of scrubber. (Internals like distribution plate, packings, spray nozzles etc.) All reaction vessels will be provided with suitable sizes of primary heat exchanger with cooling water and secondary heat exhchanger with chilled brine circulation to control organic vapours effectively. Vents of secondary heat exchangers will be connected to three stage scrubbing system consisting of a graphite tube scrubber, a venture and a packed bed scrubber. Further the plant will be surrounded with the thick greenbelt which will include odour control plant species like Neem, Indian cork tree, Karanj.
2.7.3. Noise Pollution The proposed project will have various machines and equipments which will generate noise. The equipments and machines will have adequate provision to minimize the noise generation. As per existing practice personnel working in the noisy area will be provided with appropriate PPEs. The person working in high noise area is undergone audiometry examination once in a year. Installation of the plant machinery will be done after- due consideration to design noise levels and noise mitigation measures. The green belt will help in reducing noise levels generated due to plant operations. There will be no major sources of industrial noise; minor noise generated from the industrial operations will be controlled by proper maintenance. Proper mitigation measures will be taken in addition to above for the reduction of noise levels i.e. use of acoustic enclosures and providing personal protective equipment etc. to the workers.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 19 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Periodical monitoring for noise is being carried out on regular basis. Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals will be done to minimize generation of noise at source. 2.7.4. Solid /Hazardous Waste Generation The hazardous waste generation at the proposed site during operation phase will be mainly from process residue, process waste, waste insulation material, waste from clean-up spills, contaminated cotton waste, used PPE‟s,ETP Sludge, used oil, discarded containers/bags, date expired productswhich will be disposed as per Hazardous and other waste (Management & Transboundary Movement) amendment Rules, 2016 and further amendments.
The solid waste generation at the site will be the domestic waste and the landscape waste which will be handled as per solid waste management rules, 2016.
Industrial hazardous wastes will be sent to TSDF site while other solid wastes will be segregated in salable and non salable waste. Salable waste will be sold off. Non-salable waste will be sent to land fill. The Type, source, mode of storage and treatment and disposal of hazardous waste is shown in Table 2.14.
Table 2.1 : Hazardous Waste Generation and Management
2.8. The Project Area and Surrounding Infrastructure Project area comes under the MIDC Butibori Industrial Estate and the city limits of Nagpur starts at about 22 kms from the project site.There are educational institutes, medical and hospital facility, industrial area, markets developed within the 10 Km radius. The proposed site is well connected by basic infrastructures like rail, road, electricity and water.
Facilities will be developed at the plant site which will be facilitated to the employees during construction and operation phase of the proposed unit:
Sanitary facilities for permanent as well as temporary workers Rest rooms Rest rooms for drivers Safety equipments etc. 2.8.1. Amenities and Facilities Education: There As per the Census Records of India 2011, there are about 60 Primary Schools existing in the revenue villages as rural part of the study area. Middle schools are 26 no‟s exists in the rural part of the study area. Only 11 no‟s of Higher Secondary Schools facility is available in the rural part of the study area. Eight (05) no of Secondary Schools are observed in the study area. There are Engineering and Medical colleges available in Towns and District headquarters only. As per 2001 Census, Marathi is the main language of the District and is the mother tongue of 70.1% of the District population.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 20 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Apart from Post &Telegraph (P & T) services, transport is the main communication linkage in the study area. The study area has average rail and road network, passes from the area. Railway Station facility is available only in one revenue village named Borkhedi; Gumgaon Railway Station, ~8 km away from the project site. Nearest town/city is Butibori at about 5.0-km away from the project site in SE direction. „Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar International Airport’ is about 18.0-kms, in NE from the proposed site The study area has good road network, passes from the area. National Highway (NH-7) is located at about 7.26 km in the east direction to the proposed project site. The medical facilities are provided by different agencies like Govt. & Private individuals and voluntary organizations in the study area. Specialized medical facilities are available in Towns and District Headquarter only. 2 primary health center (PHC) exists in the Borkhedi and Kanholibara revenue village. Eight (08) Primary Health Sub-Centers (PHSC) are exists in the rural part of the study area. Mother & Child Welfare Centre (MCWC) facility are available in 02 revenue villages named Borkhedi and Kanholibara of the study area. Family welfare centre (FWC) exists in 02 villages named Borkhedi and Kanholibara revenue village of the study area. Overall study area villages are served by average medical facilities. Specialized medical facilities are available in towns and District Headquarter (HQ) only.
2.9. Project Schedule It is estimated that the project can be fully implemented by 2020-2021 with concurrent sanction of funds. Complete project will be implemented and commissioned in 2021. This is a tentative schedule in which flexibility can be exercised depending upon the market demand and fund availability 2.10. Green Belt development plan Green belt development in and around the project site will help in to attenuate the pollution level. Out of the total plant area of 12500 m2, approx. 33.5 %i.e 4177 m2 will be developed as green belt. Green belt will be developed as per CentralPollution Control Board (CPCB) Norms. About 1200 trees/ha shall be planted. On an average about 500 trees along with some herbs shrubs shall be planted within the premises as a greenbelt. The capital cost for Greenbelt development (5 year budget) of the project is estimated to be Rs 15.20 Lack.
2.11. Project Cost Total estimated Project cost is Rs17.7 Cr for proposed project.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 21 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Chapter 3. Description of the Environment
This Chapter describes the baseline environmental conditions around the Universal Agro project site for various environmental attributes, i.e. physical, biological and socio-economic conditions, within the 10-km radial zone of the proposed project site, which is termed as the study area. Topography, drainage, meteorology, air, noise, water, soil and land constitute the physical environment, where as flora and fauna constitute the biological environment. Demographic details and occupational pattern in the study area constitute socio-economic environment.
3.1. Background and Salient Environmental Features of the Study Area Generation of environmental baseline of a project area is an important phase of any Environmental Assessment process. Baseline data provide vital information on the existing environmental quality in which a development is planned. It is also useful for delineating environmental sensitive areas and for preparing an Environmental Sensitivity Map for contingency planning. In this study, the environmental characteristics of the project area (10 km study area) were established through extensive literature search, field sampling/measurements, laboratory analysis, consultation and data interpretation.
Secondary data from literature search were also obtained from the Govt. sources i.e. Meteorological Department, CPCB publications; Forest Department and other Govt. Sources.
The baseline environmental data generation has been done for the period of1st Oct 2019 to 31st December 2019. The study area within a 10-km radius around the proposed plant site has been considered as impact zone for EIA study. Primary and secondary data has been collected for 10 Km radius of the project site. J. P Test House & Research Centre Sahibabad Industrial Area Sahibabad Ghaziabad (UP) along with EQMS Team carried out sampling and testing.
3.1.1. Environmental Setting and Salient Environmental Features of the Project Area M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries is proposing a new Pesticide manufacturing unit of Capacity: 3600 MTPA. (Insectides-13 nos, Fungicides-18 nos, Herbicide-17 nos., By- products and Intermediates) The proposed project involves the production of technical grade pesticide along with formulation unit.The Plant is located at Plot No. IC-50, MIDC Industrial Area, Butibori, district Nagpur, Maharashtra.The boundary coordinate of project site is given in Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1.
Proposed site is well connected to national highway-7 (Mancherial-Chandrapur-Nagpur Road) through Salaidhaba-Gumgaon road, which is passing close to eastern boundary of the proposed site. National Highway-7 is passing about 7.26 km east of the proposed site. Nearest railway station is ButiBori railway station located about 8 km from site in south-east direction. Gumgaon railway station is located about 10 km north-east of the site. Nagpur railway station is located about 26.74 km away from the site. Nearest airport is Babasaheb
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 22 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Ambedaker International airport at Nagpur located about 18 km north-east from site. Road and rail connectivity map of the site is provided in Figure 3.2.
The site is located in industrial area and the nearest settlement to the site is Wateghat village located about 2.22 km South and Tembhari about 2.32 km east of the site. Krishna Nala and Vena River are the main surface water bodies located within the study area. Vena River is flowing about 4.31 km east of the project siteand Krishna Nalla is flowing about 3.67 Km south of the project site.
There are no environmentally sensitive components such as National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Elephant / Tiger Reserve, migratory routes of fauna and wet land present within 10 Km radius of plant site. However, there are few patches of reserve forests are present within the study area. Nearest forest is Bid sukli RF located about 1.26 Km NW of the site other forests are JunaPani RF located about 7.30 Km S,DegmaReserve Forest located about 6.65 Km NW and Dongargaon and Injoli Reservedforest located about 7.38 Km SE of the proposed plant site. Location map, showing site and surrounding environment features within the 10-km area is provided in Figure 3.3 and Google map provided in Figure 3.4. The Salient Environmental Features of plant site within 500m, 2 Km and 10 Km radius is summarized at Table 3.2.
3.1.2. Methodology of conducting Baseline Study The guiding factors for the present baseline study are the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change‟s (MoEF&CC) requirements for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification and local regulations and directives. Further, a buffer area extending up to 10 km radius from the site has also been studied, though with a lesser degree of detail. The studies were conducted by considering the following: The various environmental attributes were divided into primary and secondary studies. Primary attributes such as air environment, water, soil, noise, flora and fauna, and Socio- economic were assessed by conducting field studies, on-site monitoring and review of the past studies conducted. Baseline data on environmental attributes (Air, Noise, Water and Soil) have been collected for post monsoon season in the study area. The data has been collected by the EIA Consultant by engaging NABL accredited laboratory (ANNEXURE-VII). Secondary attributes such as land use studies, geology, physiological characteristics, and socio-economic environment have been assessed by literature review of previous studies conducted by various government publications. An interdisciplinary team through discussions, criteria questions and professional judgement formulated the scoping and the extent of data generation. The baseline studies started with site visits and reconnaissance survey in the study area for fixing the monitoring locations for the primary data. As a secondary data review, various Government agencies were approached for procuring information and relevant data of the area. 3.1.3. Study Period
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 23 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
To establish the base line environmental status of the physico-chemical, biological and socio-economic parameters in the project area and within the project influence area the baseline study and primary data collection has been carried out during post- monsoon,2019. 3.1.4. Physical Environment Study The study related to physical environment shall be conducted through both site visits and review of the secondary sources like the DPR and other published peer information in respect of the topographical and physiographical features, regional and the local geology of the project area, climatology and seismicity. Soil characteristics shall be establishing through physio-chemical tests of the soil samples revalidated though the published literature while land use and land cover, slope of the study area shall be establishing through remote sensing by using GIS tools. 3.1.4.1 Land use – Landcover Classification Prior to ground truthing, the satellite data shall be classified using unsupervised classification technique. Further, after collecting ground truth details maximum likelihood classification based on supervised classification method shall be used with remote sensing image data. After the supervised classification procedure, a land use map shall be prepared and verified in field, and errors or omissions identified. A reclassification of the land use categories implementing the details and corrections, if any, shall be made. The reclassification output shall be used for the preparation of the final land use classification map. This map after due verification shall be composed and printed, as desired. 3.1.4.2 Slope Slope is a measure of change in the value of altitudes over distance, which is expressed in degrees or as a percent. The first step in generation of slope map is to create surface using the elevation values stored in the form of contours or points. Surface is a representation of geographic information as a set of continuous data in which the map features are not spatially discrete, i.e., between any two locations, there are no clear or well-defined breaks between possible values of the map features. Models built from regularly or irregularly spaced sample points on the surface can represent the surface. Slope map of the study area shall be prepared using the elevation information for the area from contour heights. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the area shall be prepared
3.1.4.3 Soil According to “Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970), the soils are grouped under different soil reaction classes viz; extremely acidic (pH<4.5), very strongly acidic (pH 4.5-5.0 ), strongly acidic (pH 5.1-5.5), moderately acidic (pH 5.6-6.0), slightly acidic (pH 6.1- 6.5), neutral (pH 6.6-7.3), slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.8), moderately alkaline (pH 7.9- 8.4), strongly alkaline (pH 8.5-9.0).The soils are rated as low (below 0.50 %),
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 24 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
medium (0.50-0.75 %) and high (above 0.75 %) in case of organic carbon, low (<280-kg/ha), medium (280 to 560-kg/ha) and high (>560-kg/ha) in case of available nitrogen, low (<10-kg/ha), medium (10 to 25-kg/ha) and high (>25-kg/ha) for available phosphorus, low (<108-kg/ha), medium (108 to 280-kg/ha) and high (>280- kg/ha) for available potassium and low (<10-mg/kg), medium (10-20-mg/kg) and high (>20-mg/kg) for available sulphur (Singh et. al. 2004, Mehta et. al.1988). Critical limits of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B, which separate deficient from non-deficient soils followed in India, are 4.5, 2.0, 0.5, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg respectively. (Follet & Lindsay 1970 and Berger &Truog 1940) NBSS Soil map of the Nagpur district is shown in the Soil environment section for soil texture and the textural classes are always defined as per the particle size distribution of USDA system for Sand, Silt & Clay %. * Soil study is always defined (as per the approved ToR conditions for different activities) based on topsoil sample (test reports) collected from 5 to 15 cm depth and deeper soil samples are required only for soil profile study. Following given secondary sources are considered for the verification and interpretation of physiochemical soil characteristics: I) http://www.iiss.nic.in/mapd9htm II) http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Maharastra/Nagpur.pdf III) “Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970):
3.1.5. Air, Noise and Water Environment Study 3.1.5.1 Air Quality Assessment Under the provisions of the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, the CPCB has notified fourth version of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in 2009 (Table 3.3). Ambient air is defined as any unconfined part of the Earth‟s atmosphere, that the surrounding outdoor air in which humans and other organisms live and breathe. The “Respirable Dust Sampler shall be used for air monitoring. The dust particulate matter is collected on glass micro fibre filter paper (size GF/A20.3x25.4 cm) and dust cup and the gaseous pollutants collected simultaneously by a known volume of air through a number of bubblers of different flow rate through appropriate solution for absorbing different gases. The collected samples are analysed according to standard method for different pollutants. The particulate matters were analysed by Gravimetric method (by weighing the mass of particle). The SO2 was analysed by Colorimetric method by estimating absorbance of SO2 from the exposed absorbing reagent at 540 nm using spectrophotometer. The NOx was analysed by Colorimetric method by reacting the nitrite ions with phosphorous acid sulphanilamide, and NEDA solution by measuring absorbance of NOx from the exposed absorbing reagent at 540 nm using spectrophotometer. * Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniformintervals. ** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly monitored value, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days ofmonitoring.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 25 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Note: Whenever and wherever monitoring results on two consecutive days of monitoring exceed the limits specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate reason to institute regular or continuous monitoring and furtherinvestigation. Guidelines for manual sampling and analyses (Volume-1) issued by CPCB IN May,2011, shall be followed for assessment of air quality irrespective of land use pattern.
3.1.5.2 Noise Level Measurement The noise monitoring shall be done following CPCB protocol of Noise Monitoring, July2015, which inter alia include the following cardinal principles: The Noise measurements shall be made with a Type 1 integrating sound level meter. The station should be located at the ambient level i.e. away from the direct source, away from any vibration and any obstruction. Microphone must be placed 1.2 -1.5m above the ground level. The instrument should be isolated from strong vibration and shock. The monitoring should be carried out minimum 75% of the prescribed Day time (06.00 am to 22.00 pm) and Night time (22.00 pm to 06.00 am). During ambient noise monitoring sound comes from more than one direction, it is important to choose a microphone and mounting which gives the best possible omni directional characteristics. Noise measurements should not be made in fog and rain. A wind shield will be used at all times to prevent interference of reflecting noise. 3.1.5.3 Protocol for Soil Quality Assessment Methods Manual of Soil Testing in India, Department of Agriculture& Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, shall be followed for collection of soil samples, its preparation for testing and analysing various physico- chemical properties of soil. Soil Sampling Soils vary from place to place. In view of this, efforts should be made to take the samples in such a way that it is fully representative of the field. Scrap away surface liter; obtain a uniformly thick slice of soil from the surface to the plough depth from each place. A V-shaped cut is made with a spade to remove 1 to 2 cm slice of soil. The sample may be collected on the blade of the spade and put in a clean bucket. In this way collect samples from all the spots marked for one sampling unit. In case of hard soil, samples are taken with the help of augur from the plough depth and collected in the bucket. Pour the soil from the bucket on a piece of clean paper or cloth and mix thoroughly. Spread the soil evenly and divide it into 4 quarters. Reject two opposite quarters and mix the rest of the soil again. Repeat the process till left with about half kg of the soil, collect it and put in a clean cloth / polyethylene bag. Each bag should be properly marked to identify the sample Storage Technique
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 26 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Collected Samples are immediately transported to the laboratory. They are shade dried in wooden or enamelled trays (except for the analysis of moistre content) and stored. The dried soils are ground using mortar and pestle (taking care to break only the clods but not the sand and gravel particles) and sieved through a 2mm mesh sieve. Soil Quality Parameters and Method of Analysis The analysis of soil properties shall be done as per standard methods as described in the Methods Manual of Soil Testing in India, Department of Agriculture&Cooperatio, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi (Table 3.4).
3.1.5.4 Water Quality Assessment For assessment of baseline data of water quality status, general reconnaissance survey was carried out. “Protocol for Water Quality Monitoring” notified by Govt of India in conjunction with CPCB Guidelines for Water Quality Monitoring, ,2007-08, shall be followed. Criteria for Sampling Site Selection Sampling stations should be located upstream and downstream of significant pollution outfalls like city sewage drains and industrial effluent outfalls. Drinking water intake points, bathing ghats, irrigation canal off-take points should be considered for monitoring. Additional downstream stations are necessary to assess the extent of the influence of an outfall, and locate the point of recovery. Stations on both sides downstream are useful to make an estimate of the extent of the mixing zone. In case of groundwater sampling only tubewells, dug-wells and handpumps which are in use should be selected. Sampling Frequency Once in the stuidy period sampling shall be carried out. General Guidelines for Sampling Grab samples will be collected from well-mixed section of the river (main stream) 30 cm below the water surface. Samples from reservoir sites will be collected from the outgoing canal, power channel or water intake structure. DO is determined in a sample collected in a DO bottle using a DO sampler. The DO in the sample must be fixed immediately after collection, using chemical reagents. Weighted sample bottle should be used to collect sample from an open well about 30 cm below the surface of the water. Samples from the production tube wells will be collected after running the well for about 5 minutes. Some parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity and turbidity should be analyzed in situ. Sample Preservation and Transport Samples for BOD and bacteriological analyses should be stored at a temperature below 4oC and in the dark as soon as possible after sampling by placing them in an insulated cool box together with ice or cold packs. Samples collected for chemical oxygen demand (COD) should be preserved below pH 2 by addition of concentrated sulphuric acid. Samples which are to be analysed for the presence of heavy metals, should be acidified to below pH 2 with concentrated nitric acid.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 27 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Samples should be transported to concerned laboratory as soon as possible, preferably within 48 hours. Analysis of bacteriological samples should be started and analysed within 24 hours of collection. If samples are being brought to the laboratory, they should be transported in less than 24 hours. Parameters Considered for Analysis In general list of parameters to be considered for analysis and frequency of sampling is provided in the “Protocol for Water Quality Monitoring” notified by Govt of India should be followed. In case the specific water quality parameter to be analysed have been prescribed in the ToR, they should be analysed. 3.1.5.5 Water Quality Analysis The selection of sites for water sampling shall be done considering the location of different project components, junction of streams and river course, spots of high- water velocity and some of the stagnated pools along with the areas having human interference. The limnological parameters are recorded mainly following the standard methods described by Welch (1948), CSIR (1974). Mackereth et.al. (1978) and APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1995) as following: Parameters Instrumentation
Ambient temperature : Digital thermometer (stainless steel
Sensor probe)
Transparency : Seehidise method (Weleh 1948)
Water velocity : EMCON digit current meter
Turbidity : Nephelometer
Total Dissolved Solids : Titration method
pH : Digi pH meter (HANNA)
Alkalinity, Acidity, Chlorides,
Silicates, DO, Free CO2, Zn,
Si, Fe and Nutrients
(Phosphorus, Sulphates) : Aquamerck / Aquaquant kits
Total Ca and Mg Hardness – EDTA : Titrametric methods (Natrajan and
Jhingran 1988)
Inorganic phosphates : Colorimetric Methods
BOD : Titration
E-Coli and Total Coliform : Macconkey broth
3.1.6. Biological Environment
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 28 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.1.6.1 Floral Study The floristic composition along with frequency, density, abundance, relative values of frequency, density and abundancefor each species is calculated by quadrats method. The quadrats are laid out at pre-selected sites to cover different altitudinal zones as also to represent the existing variables within the area. To study the phyto-sociological attributes of the area, quadrats of 10m x 10m are laid for tree composition, 5m x 5m for shrubs and quadrats of 1m X 1m for herbs. The phyto-sociological parameters of different recorded species shall be calculated using the following formulae (Phillips, 1959; Misra, 1966) Frequency
It is defined as the chance of finding a species in a particular area in a particular trial sample. Thus, a higher frequency value shows a greater uniformity of its spread or dispersion (Ambasht and Ambasht, 2002). No. of quadrats in which the species occur
Frequency = ------x 100
Total number of quadrats studied
Density
It is, expressed as a numerical strength of a species. However, density is an indicator of the abundance of the species; it does not indicate the distribution of species with regard to space. It helps to identify the dominant and rare species and is also an indicator of the standing biomass and productivity of the region (Ambasht&Ambasht, 2002) Total no. of individuals of a species in all quadrats
Density = ------
Total number of quadrats studied
Abundance
It is the number of species occurring in a particular site. It does not give a total picture of the numerical strength of a species in an area because only quadrats of occurrence are taken into consideration (Ambasht&Ambasht, 2002). Abundance is analyzed to get an idea of distribution pattern of the species. No. of individuals of the species in all quadrats
Abundance = ------
Number of quadrats in which the species occur
Relativevalues
The relative values of frequency, density and dominance are calculated to understand the ecological importance of the species with in the community (Phillips, 1959; Mishra 1968).
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 29 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
No. of quadrats of occurrence of a species
Relative Frequency = ------x 100
Number of occurrences of all species
No. of individuals of the species in all quadrat‟s species
Relative Density = ------x 100
Total number of quadrats studied
Abundance of a species
Relative Abundance = ------x 100
Sum of Abundance of all the Species
Basal area of a species
Relative dominance= ------X 100
Total basal area of all the species
ImportanceValue Index (I.V.I)
IVI is a statistical quantity, which gives an overall picture of the importance of the species in the plant community. Since the above relative parameters give clues individually, all the parameters are summed up in order to provide the total picture of sociological structure of a species in the community, and called as Importance Value Index (IVI). It incorporates three important parameters that are measures of diversity and productivity of every species. -The sum of the IVI of all the species in a forest should not exceed 300. The Importance Value Index (IVI) for different species is sum of relative frequency, relative density and relative basal cover of each species. (Curtis, 1959). OR
Importance value Index (IVI) = Relative frequency + Relative density + Relative dominance. The vegetational data collected are used to calculate following indices for each site. The importance value index (IVI) is calculated by adding relative frequency (RF), relative density (RD) and relative abundance (RA) of the species (Philips, 1959). IVI = RF + RD + RA
Where,
RF = (Frequency of a species / sum frequencies of all species) × 100,
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 30 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
RD = (Number of individuals of a species / total number of individuals) × 100.
RA = (Abundance of a species / sum abundances of all species) × 100
For the present study Philips, 1959 method is used
Circumferenceat breast height (CBH)
Circumference of individual tree species in the quadrat, shall be measured at breast height (1.37m) above ground level. In case of shrub and herb species circumference is measured at root collar height. Diversityindices
The floral diversity of the study area varies gradually with the altitude. It is a measure of information in a group of species, which have different probabilities of being represented and is based on the assumption that individuals are randomly sampled from an infinitely large population. The species diversity is computed using (Shannon- Weiner, 1963) information index as Shannon- Wiener diversity index (H’)
The index of diversity is computed using Shannon-Wiener information index (Shannon- Wiener, 1963) as: H‟= ∑ (Ni/N)2 log (Ni/N)
Where, N is total number of species.
Ni is individuals of a species.
3.1.6.2 Faunal Study Ground surveys shall be carried out by trekking the impact zone for identification of important animal groups such as butterflies (insects), birds, mammals, reptiles, and some fishes inhabiting the area, along the riverbanks, adjoining forest on the slopes, nallahs, hilltop and agricultural fields. For sampling butterflies, the standard „Pollard Walk‟ methodology is used by recording all the species encountered while trekking along the foot trails between the two sites, daily. Voucher specimens of species were collected by means of a butterfly net for only those species that could not identified in the field besides photographing them for the same purpose. Sampling was done for 1 hour in a stretch on each transect (n = 4). For sampling birds „point sampling‟ along the fixed transects (foot trails) shall be carried out to record all the species of birds observed with the help of binoculars; field guides and photography for 1 hour on each transect (n=4). For sampling mammals, „direct count on open width (20m) transect‟ is used on the same transects (n=4) for 1 hour in each transect. Besides, information on recent sightings/records of mammals by the villagers and locals shall also be considered. „Reptiles‟ mainly lizards shall be sampled by „direct count on open width transects‟ (n = 4) for 1 hour in each transect.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 31 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Seasonal variation in species diversity of different groups of animals (butterflies and birds), shall be evaluated using Shannon-diversity Index (H’) to know the season of peak diversity in the area. H’ = -ΣN
1 Pi In Pi
(From species 1 to n; n= total number of species)
Where, Pi is the proportion of the individual species in the total population.
3.1.7. Socio-Economic Study Secondary information shall be collected from different government and non- government offices. The data proposed to be collected is mainly of secondary nature and involves information regarding access to facilities such as PHC‟s, schools, bus services, LPG distribution centres, type of roads, livestock information, land utilization, demographic profile of the villages, location and distribution of villages with respect to Project. In order to gather information on public perception of the proposed project the attitude/psychology survey was carried out which depicts the prevailing awareness and acceptance/no-acceptance about the project. Total number of families fully or partially affected by the project, approached for collecting socioeconomic data. All the families present in the villages during the study period were interviewed. 3.1.8. Sources of Secondary Data India Metrological Department Climatic data Survey of India Topo sheet Botanical Survey of India Floral characteristics/vegetation of Tons Valley Revenue Department Land data / Circle Rates Fisheries Department Fish and Fisheries in area Forest Department Forest Working Plan PHC, Tiuni Health Status of people of area 3.1.9. Primary Data Collection: Monitoring Plan and Quality Assurance Procedures The study period and methodology for primary data collection is as per the CPCB guidelines. Standard methods and procedures have been strictly adhered to in the course of this study. QA/QC procedures were strictly followed which covers all aspects of the study, and includes sample collection, handling, laboratory analyses, data coding, statistical analyses, presentation and communication of results. The baseline environmental data generation has been collected for the period of 1stOctober 2019 to 31st December 2019. Summary of monitoring plan with sampling testing methodology followed is summarised in Table 3.5. The sampling monitoring map showing the locations of surface water, groundwater, air, noise, soil is shown below:
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 32 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.2. Physical Environment 3.2.1. Topography The study area falls in Nagpur district.Nagpur district lies between 20.35 to 21.44 North Latitude and 78.15 to 79.40 East Longitude.The study area forms part of Deccan Plateau having flat topped and terraced features. It is a plain area with the general topography some areas and its vicinity have higher elevation. Lineaments are also observed in the study area. The topography of the proposed site is flat terrain and the elevation of the site ranges between 296 to 306 m above the sea level. The topography of the study area is presented in Figure 3.5. 3.2.2. Drainage The Nagpur District is drained by two drainage systems. More than half of northern portion, central and eastern portion of the District is drained by the Wainganga River and its tributaries. The north-western, central and south-western part of the District is drained by the Wardha River and its tributaries.The Jam, Kar and Wunna River. The Wainganga River rises in the Chhindwara and Seoni plateau of Madhya Pradesh. The Wainganga itself drains only a small part in the extreme east of the District.The Kanhan is the chief tributary of the Wainganga within the District. It rises in the Satpuda range in Madhya Pradesh and enters the District near Baregaon. It flows in a general south-easterly direction and is joined by the Pench and the Kolar rivers near Kamptee.The Wardha River rises to the east of Multai in Madhya Pradesh. The river itself drains only a small portion in the extreme north-west of Nagpur District but its tributaries, the Jam and the Kar, drain a much larger portion.The other important tributary is Wunna, which raises within the District near the hill of Mahadagad in the pilkapar ranges. It flows in a general southward direction to join the Wardha River outside the District. The Bor and the Nanad are important tributaries of the Wunna and both join it outside the District. No nala or any other stream is located within 1 km area ofthe proposed project site. However, the major stream such as river Vena is located 4.3 km from the project site and the Krishna Nala is located 3.67 km, S from the project site. It is found from the study that Nagpuris mainly vulnerable to floods in monsoons, the district has several prennial river flowing through the district. The district mainly suffers the urban flooding due to lack of sewerage and proper flow management sytem in the Nagpurcity. In the rural areas,the villages which are in the low lying areas of the of rivers which gets flood-prone during monsoons.Major flood in the last 30 years as per DDMA, Nagpur study, due to Vena river came in 07-07-2013 and 12.08.2013 which affected the Butibori village and Hinganaghat.Families affected due to flood in Butibori were 970 in numbers. As per the District Disaster Management Authority, Nagpur study, although located in low lying area, the impact due to flood/heavy rain in Butibori is medium. Flood zone marked in Vena river is Blue "which indicate that the flood threat is expected once in 25 years". The Butibori has been developed in a town in 1989, the village was rehabilitated and shifted to naibasti, but still due to enchroament and slum development is making people vulnerable who lives in the low lyingareas of puranobasti. The project site is located in rehabilitated Butibori area and the Vena river is ~4.3 km far from the river, so the chances of flood are low in that area.The drainage map of the study area is shown in Figure 3.6.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 33 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.2.3. Geology Geologically the study area is composed of basaltic rocks. The basalts are extrusive naturally mined igneous rock. They are dense fine-grained rocks that are of very dark color- green or black and form when molten lava from deep in the earth's crust rises up and solidifies. Slightly coarser old sheets of basalt, now partially altered but still dark in color, are extensively quarried, crushed, and sold as "traprock". Basalt is a hard, dense, dark volcanic rock composed chiefly of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine, and often having a glassy appearance. Archeans and the Deccan trap basalts are the two consolidated formations, which form the Hard rock aquifers occurring in the district. The basaltic rocks in the study area are differentiated as undifferentiated basalt and 6 flows of basalt of which 3 are complex and 3 compound and alluvium of Vena River is observed. The flows are part of Sahyadri group having age from Cretaceous to Paleogene. Archeans and the Deccan trap basalts are the two consolidated formations, which form the Hard rock aquifers occurring in the study area. 3.2.4. Hydrogeology Nagpur district is mainly occupied by two main river basins, Wainganga & Wardha.Wainganga basin has 40 watersheds & Wardha basin 14 watersheds, and thus the district has total 54 watersheds. The annual groundwater recharge of the district is 104189.02 hams, while gross annual draft is 45295.28 hams, and the groundwater available is 49979.16 hams. The district has total 47906 irrigational wells & on the basis of groundwater availability new 33319 wells can be excavated.
3.2.5. Depth to Ground Water Level Central Ground Water Board is carrying out water level monitoring during May 2011 in the district.
Pre-Monsoon: The depth of water level ranges from 0.08 mbgl (Umrer) to 15.59 mbgl(Sathnaovi) during pre-monsoon. Shallow water levels within 10 m bgl are seen in almost entire district. Water levels in the range of 10-20 m bgl are observed parts of Kamleshwar, Hingna, Narkhed, Paraseoni talukas as isolated patches.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 34 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Post Monsoon:The depth to water levels ranges between 0.60 m bgl (Umrer) and 10.60 m bgl (Manegaon Tek). The entire district the water levels are shallow within 10 m bgl. Water levels of 2-5 m bgl is the most dominant range occupying major parts of Ramtek, Mouda, Kuhi and Bhiwapur talukas. Water levels of less than 2 m bgl are observed in isolated patches i.e., parts of Narkhed, Nagpur, Umrer and Mouda Talukas. 3.2.6. Ground Water Resources Central Ground Water Board and Groundwater Survey and Development Agency (GSDA) have jointly estimated the ground water resources of Nagpur district .As per the estimation the net annual ground water availability come to be 1058.12 MCM and The total gross draft for all uses is estimated at 407.80 MCM with irrigation sector being the major consumer having a draft of 343.59 MCM. The allocation for domestic and industrial water requirements are worked at 126.80 MCM. The net ground water availability for future irrigation is estimated at 588.05 MCM. Stage of ground water development varies from 12.0% (Mouda) to 75% (Narkhed). The overall stage of ground water development for the district is 38.54%. All the talukas in the district is categorised as Safe.
3.2.7. Seismicity of the Study Area Nagpur area is not vulnerable to earthquake disasters. According to the seismic-zoning map of India, the project area falls in Zone-II (Low Damage Risk Zone) of seismicity. The seismicity map of India showing location of the project is deplicit in Figure 3.9.
3.3. Land use Land use analysis was carried out using remote sensing Data. Interpretation approach based on systematic digital imaging was used for delineating the land use classes. The demarcation of boundaries falling under different land use/land cover units is done using different colors assigned to different land use/land cover units of satellite imagery. Land use of project site is industrial land. Most of the land within the 10 km area of the project site is under agriculture. As per the land use based on satellite image, about 64% of the land is under cultivation. Open Shrub land consist 26% of the total area. 4% land is under vegetation, 5% of the land is under settlement, about 1% land is under water bodies and rest of the land is under other uses Figure 3.10, Figure 3.11and Table 3.4).
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 35 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.4. Meteorology Historical meteorological obtained from nearest IMD station located at district data was headquarter Nagpur sonegaon. Details provided in Table 3.7.
Source: IMD, Nagpur sonegaon Temperature–December, January and February constitutes winter months with daily mean minimum temperature around 7.80C and daily mean maximum temperature around 46.10C. May is the hottest month with maximum temperature at 45.60C and January is the coldest month with minimum temperature at 8.8 C.Graphical presentation of maximum & minimum temperature is given in Figure 3.12
Relative Humidity–The air is generally moist in the region and relative humidity is high throughout the year. The lowest humidity is observed for the Month April. The humidity level ranges between 33 - 85% during morning time and in evening time humidity level is 19%-76%. Graphical presentation of Humidity variation in the study area is given in Figure 3.13
Rainfall–The annual total rainfall is 1100.3 mm. Over 83.58% of the total annual rainfall is received during the June to September. Graphical presentation of Rainfall variation and precipitation days in the study area is given in Figure 3.14 & Figure 3.15respectively.
Cloud Cover – In the study area, clear weather prevails in most of the time during post monsoon, winter and summer seasons. Only during monsoon months of June, July, August and September, moderate to heavy clouds are observed. Relevant details about the number of days with zero octas of cloud cover (all clouds) for all months are presented in Table 3.8.Graphical presentation of Cloud amount in the study area is given in Figure 3.16. Wind Speed–The annual mean wind speed is 6 km/hr in Nagpur (sonegaon) district. Pre- dominant wind direction in the area is N, NE.Graphical presentation of wind speed in the study area is given in Figure 3.17.
1.4.1 Met Data Generated at Site Met data for 1stOctober 2019 to 31st December 2019 month was generated at site. An automatic weather monitoring station was installed near Project site, keeping the sensors free exposed to the atmosphere and with minimum interference with the nearby structures. The micro-meteorological data like wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure were collected using the weather stationed cloud cover was recorded manually for the study period.
The wind directions, wind speed, temperature, rainfall and humidity recorded at site during study period are presented in Table 3.10. Site specific wind rose diagram for study period is presented in Figure 3.19.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 36 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Table 3.1 : Site Specific Meteorological Data Month Temperature Relative Wind Predominant Calm (Deg0C) Humidity, Speed Wind Direction Period % (m/s) Min Max Min Max -- (from ) %
Oct 2019 17 36 22 100 Nov 2019 13 32 18 94 0.91 N, NNE 30.98 Dec 2019 9 30 20 93 (Source: Meteorological station data at site) Temperature – During the study period daily minimum temperature was 90C and daily maximum temperature was 360C.
Relative Humidity – During the study period daily minimum humidity was 18% and daily maximum humidity was 100%.
Wind Speed– The wind speed ranges between 0.5 to 3.0 m/s during study period except calm conditions. Most of the time wind speed ranges between 1.0 to 1.5 m/s. Wind frequency distribution during the study period is presented in Figure 3.20.
Wind Direction – The predominant wind direction at site is from North and NNE direction. Wind rose diagram is presented in Figure 3.20.
Calm Periods – Calm period is more during night time than day time. Percentage calm periods during study period was 29.86%.
3.5. Air Environment Air pollution can cause significant effects on the environment and subsequently on human, animals, vegetation and materials. In most cases, air pollution aggravates pre-existing diseases or degrades health status, making people easily susceptible to other infections and development of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Further, environmental impacts from air pollution can include acidic deposition and reduction in visibility. The objective of the study is to analyze the existing ambient air quality within the study area and compare it with the NAAQ standards specified by CPCB to know about the pollution status of air in and around the project area. To quantify the impact of the construction activities on the ambient air quality at the construction site and its surrounding area, it is necessary to evaluate the existing ambient air quality in those areas. 3.5.1. Causes Attributing to Air Pollution in and Around Project Area Since it is a new project, so contribution of existing project site in air pollution is not envisaged. . The existing causes of air pollution around project area are due to construction activities in nearby vicinity, heavy vehicular movement due to Industrial area, dust arising from unpaved village roads and domestic fuel /open burning in nearby villages . At present neither any new road is under construction in study area nor and widening of road is underway. There is no mining activity within the study area. The proposed project is pesticide project where air pollution will beenvisaged during both construction and operation phase. During construction phase, minor air pollution may occur
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 37 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
due to excavation, foundation & leveling, vehicle and D.G set operation. During operation phase, APCM equipments will be used to controlled emissions within CPCB norms. 3.5.2. Selection criteria of Air Monitoring Station Since the proposed site has no pollution intensive activities in its vicinity at present but it is located in Industrial area, so monitoring location of project site is selected. Beside project site,seven sampling stations located within 10.0 km of the site was considered to provide the surrounding baseline air quality. For the selection of the monitoring locations, long-term meteorological trends were taken into consideration to obtain the predominant wind direction during the sampling period. Based on the pre dominant wind direction from NNE, AQ3 (AmgaonDeoli) & AQ8 (Wadgaon) location is selected in upwind direction. AQ4 & AQ6 is selected in down wind direction and AQ2, AQ5 and AQ7 location are selected in cross wind direction. CPCB guidelines were applied for selecting the appropriateness of monitoring locations. The location and height of the stations were so selected (>5 m from base) to avoid the capture of re-suspended road dust and fugitive domestic emissions due to burning. All the ambient air analysis with respect to each parameter to be analysed as per CPCB guidelines. AAQ monitoring was done at eight locations within the study area considering dominant wind direction, populated area and sensitive receptors. Details of monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.11. Summary of the AAQ results presented in Table 3.12 to 3.14. A photograph of the AAQ Monitoring is provided in Figure 3.21.
3.5.3. Observations on Ambient Air Quality
3 Particulate Matter (PM10): The highest PM10 level were found at Wateghat(120 µg/m ) and 3 lowest PM10 level was found at Wadgaon(47 µg/m ). While the mean conc. of all location 3 ranges between 63-106 µg/m . The PM10 level in butibori is slightly higher due to presence of so many Industries due to MIDC area, and also due to heavy vehicular traffic. Rest overall location, the values are well is within permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 100µg/m3. At project site and the Butibori, the PM values are reaching towards standard limits which again due to presence of bulk of industries and the heavy vehicular traffic in that area results in to high PM10 values.
3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5): The highest PM2.5 level was found at Wateghat (65 µg/m ) and 3 lowest PM2.5 level was observed a wadgaon(21 µg/m ) while the mean conc. of all location 3 ranges between 29-56 µg/m . The PM2.5 level in Wateghat is slightly higher due to presence of so many Industries due to MIDC area, and also due to heavy vehicular traffic and in rest overall location,the values are well within permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 60µg/m3
3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): The highest SO2 level were found at Wateghat(15.1µg/m ) and lowest 3 SO2 level were found at wadgaon(5.1µg/m )while the mean conc. of all location ranges 3 between 7.0-12.2 µg/m . The SO2 level in all the monitoring locations is within permissible limit i.e. NAAQMS level 80µg/m3
3 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx): The highest NOx level was found at Wateghat(24.4 µg/m ) and 3 lowest NOx level were observed at wadgaon(8.2 µg/m ) while the mean conc. of all location ranges between 12-19.4 µg/m3.The NOx levels in all monitoring location are under permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 80µg/m3 3 Ammonia: The highest NH3 level was found at Butibori(25 µg/m ) and lowest NH3level were observed at wadgaon(9 µg/m3) while the mean conc. of all location ranges between 12-20
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 38 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3 µg/m .The NH3levels in all monitoring location are under permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 400µg/m3. CO: The levels of CO observed in the study area to be in the range of 0.36 -0.7 mg/m3. The CO level in all monitoring location are under permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 4 mg/m3.
Overall the ambient air quality of the study area is found within the national ambient air quality standard.
3.5.4. Category of Air Quality Index An air quality index is defined as an overall scheme that transforms the weighed values of individual air pollution related parameters (for example, pollutant concentrations) into a single number or set of numbers (Ott, 1978). The objective of an AQI is to quickly disseminate air quality information (almost in real-time) that entails the system to account for pollutants which have short-term impacts. It is equally important that most of these pollutants are measured continuously through an online monitoring network. Since in present case air quality has been monitored manually on 24- hourly twice a week basis for one month in each season, real- time air quality information is not possible. However, the data collected over one month in each season can significantly describe the category of air quality in corresponding period of time. The AQI Category for each of monitoring station has been found to vary from good to satisfactory as per AQI Report, cpcb. 3.5.5. Inference from results On the criteria of AQI the AQI Category for each of monitoring station has been found to vary from satisfactory to moderate. Concentration of pollutants was within the limits of standards prescribed by NAAQS, 2009 except at Wateghat which is due to industrial operations and heavy vehicular movement activities.
3.6. Noise Environment Noise after a certain level can have a very disturbing effect on the people and animals exposed to it. Hence, it is important to assess the present noise quality of the area in order to predict the potential impact of future noise levels due to the proposed project. An assessment of baseline noise quality was undertaken to (a) establish the status of exposure of the major sensitive receptors, and (b) to identify the noise pollution levels in and around the site. The noise monitoring was done following CPCB protocol of Noise Monitoring, July 2015.
3.6.1. Causes Attributing to Noise Pollution in and Around Project Area Since it is a new project, so no noise pollution is expected from the project site. The existing causes of ambient noise around project area are due to community sources, nearby construction activities, vehicular movement and Industry operation inMIDC. At present neither any new road is under construction nor any widening of road, which involve drilling and blasting in study area. There is no mining activity invoving drilling and blasting within the study area. The only cause of noise pollution around 10 km is due to industrial operations and the vehicular traffic in the study area. Noise pollution is expected at project site during both construction and operation phase. The noise pollution sources during construction phase will be construction equipmentsand vehicles and in operation phase due to plant operations and vehicular movement.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 39 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.6.2. Selection criteria for noise Monitoring Location Noise monitoring locations were selected as per the guidelines of noise management rules, 2000 and further amendments. The monitoring locations were selected keeping in view where extensive construction activities/ industrial operations/ vehicular traffic is observed. Since the project site is located in MIDC Industrial Area, so locations selected in 10 km area were residential, industrial and silence zone. At village Wateghat, Tembhari and Project site, the monitoring was performed at industrial zone. Village Pohi is nearby to the project site, so the monitoring is performed in residential zone to monitor the present noise level. Monitoring was performed at Govt Primary health centre and Maya Hospital which is the silent zone in the 10 km study area. Kathangdhara&Datala village was also monitored in residential zone.
3.6.3. Protocol for Ambient Level Noise Monitoring The noise monitoring was done following CPCB protocol of Noise Monitoring, July2015, in so far as site selection criteria, selection of Noise Level Meter, positioning of the instrument, monitoring time and monitoring protocol are concerned. In general monitoring location be selected such that it meets the land use pattern as prescribed in the standard e.g. Industrial, Commercial, Residential & Silence Zone. The station should be located at the ambient level i.e. away from the direct source, away from any vibration and any obstruction.One full day data was collected at each of the locations for post monsoon season. Ambient noise measurements were taken at 8 locations. Details of Ambient noise monitoring location is presented in Table 3.16. Noise Results are presented in Table 3.17. Photographs of Noise monitoring are provided in Figure 3.23. The monitored levels were compared against the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000, as amended through the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Amendment Rules 2010 dated 11th January 2010. The project site falls in designated industrial area and the noise levels at all the locations were found within the ambient noise standards. 3.6.4. Observation on Ambient Noise Quality: Ambient noise level was found slightly higher in both day and night which may be due to presence of Industrial area and heavy vehicular traffic in MIDC Industrial area. As the industrial operations are controlled and monitored online by CPCB, therefore ambient noise level at industrial area was found within prescribed standards. At Pohi village, the day and night noise level are reaching towards prescribed limits, which will be taken care of while minimizing noise pollution from the project site during both construction and operation phase. In other residential areas, the ambient noise quality was found within the prescribed National Ambient Noise Quality Standards. 3.6.5. Inference On the basis of observed noise levels for monitoring locations N-1, N-3, N-4 and N-6, the Noise Pollution Level for Community noise has been determined based on the relation: - NPL= L90 +( L10- L90) + {(L10- L90)2}/60 dB Thus, as per the indices the community noise level is the highest in Wateghat & Govt Primary health centre and the least at Datala&Kathangdhara village (Table 3.18).
The noise climate at these location in different monitoring period is shown in Table 3.19
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 40 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.7. Traffic Study Proposed site is well connected to national highway-7 (Mancherial-Chandrapur-Nagpur Road) through Salaidhaba-Gumgaon road, which is passing close to eastern boundary of the proposed site. National Highway-7 is passing about 7.26 km east of the proposed site. Traffic count study was undertaken near the NH-7 and local road near the site, because most of the material movement will be performed through this road. Existing traffic load condition and the traffic count observations are given in Table 3.20 &Table 3.21.
3.7.1. Observation of Traffic Assessment The result shows that there shall be no change in LOS (Level of Service) of the connecting roads due to proposed project.
3.7.2. Traffic Noise Index Traffic noise index is another parameter, which indicates the degree of variation (degree of annoyance) in a traffic flow. This is also expressed in dB (A) and can be computed using the relation.
TNI = 4 × (L10 – L90 ) + (L90 – 30 ) dB (A)
It is observed that at Wateghat the traffic flow is heavy due to high traffic noise index.
3.8. Water Quality Water quality is a complex subject, which involves physical, chemical, hydrological and biological characteristics of water and their complex and delicate relations. The objectives of water quality monitoring programme is identification of state and trends in water quality, both in terms of concentrations and effect. It is pertinent to make a reconnaissance survey of the river during the planning stage, noting all sources of wastes, all entering tributaries that might contribute a potential pollutant, and all uses and abstractions of the water. This action will also include a survey of background information such as geography, topography, climate and weather, hydrology, hydrogeology, land use, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture, including farming in the riverbed. The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources. Surface water sources and groundwater sources covering 10 km radial distance were identified for examining for physico- chemical and bacteriological parameters. The sampling site selection is generally linked with water quality monitoring objectives. For example, if the monitoring is carried out for judging suitability of water for drinking water source then the monitoring site should be closer to the intake point whereas for outdoor bathing it should be near bathing ghats. The nearest water body from the project site is Vena river which is found to be very polluted due to presence of industries in the study area, so samples were taken from downstream and upstream of the river body. Similarly, the nearby water body such as canal and Nala were also monitored for checking the quality of water at present. Eight ground water samples (5 Ground water and 3 supply water) and four surface water sample were collected from different locations around the site during study period. The water samples were examined for physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological parameters. The
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 41 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
samples were collected and analysed as per the procedures specified in Standard Methods. Samples for chemical analyses were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples for bacteriological analyses were collected in sterilized bottles. Temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen were measured at site itself. The name of ground water sampling locations is presented in Table 3.22. The name of surface water sampling locations is presented in Table 3.23. Analysis Results of Ground water and surface water is presented in Table 3.24, 3.25 and 3.26, Photographs of the Monitoring Location are presented in Figure 3.26. 3.8.1. Observation on Ground Water Quality: The pH value of drinking water is an important index of acidity or alkalinity. PH value of the sample varies from 6.8 to 7.74 in all locations, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The pH of the entire sampling site is slightly basic in nature. Electric Conductivity levels in Ground water vary from 682 to 1120 µmho/cm and for Supply water vary from 348 to 380 µmho/cm. Total dissolved solids range in Ground water from 446 to 760 mg/l and for supply water it varies from 240 to 260 mg/l. which is within permissible limit. The total hardness is an important parameter of water quality. The hardness values in ground water of the study area ranges between 280 to 520 mg/l and for supply water range 168-172 mg/l. which is well within the permissible limit. The calcium values in ground water and Supply water varybetween 70-128 mg/l and 45-51 mg/l respectively. The calcium values in both ground water and supply water of the study area are well within the specified permissible limit of Indian drinking water standard. The magnesium values in ground water and supply water varybetween 21.8-48.5 mg/l and 10.8-14.2 mg/l respectively. The magnesium values in ground water of the study area are well within the specified permissible limit of Indian drinking water standard The chloride values in ground water of the study area ranges between 50 to 98 mg/l and for supply water the ranges between 30 to 34 mg/l .which is well within the permissible limit. No biological and metallic contamination has been found in any of the ground water sample of the study area. Overall the parameters in ground water sample were well within the permissible limit of Indian Standard IS: 10500-2012. Observation on Surface Water Quality:Surface water quality was analysed against the Designate Best Use Criteria by CPCB. The quality of water matches with the category D and thus the water body is fit for propogation of wildlife and fisheries. But it is no more fit for drinking. Inference Water Quality Index for Ground water
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 42 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The Water Quality Index based on weighted average of all above parameters has been found to range between Bad to Very bad as is evident from Table 3.15. As per the baseline monitoring results, the ground water quality was found well within permissibe limits, but WQI is calculated on the basis of desirable limits, thats why the overall WQI considering all the location ranges bad to very bad. But the WQI of drinking water supply was found good, as all the parameters are within desirible and permissible range. The range quality followed is Excellent (0-25), Good (26-50), Bad (51-75), Very Bad (76-100) and Unfit (100 and above).
Season GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 DW1 DW2 DW3
Post-Monsoon WQI 54 82 64 63 60 40 39 39 (Oct 2019- Dec Classification Bad Very Bad Bad Bad Good Good Good 2019) Bad
Water Quality Index for Surface Water: The Water Quality Index based on weighted average of all above parameters has been found to range between Bad to Very bad as is evident from Table mentioned below. The WQI of SW4 samples exceeds 100 and categorized as poor water unfit for drinking.The range quality followed is Excellent (0-25), Good (26-50), Bad (51-75), Very Bad (76-100) and Unfit(100 and above).
Season SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4
Post-Monsoon WQI 80 75 77 113 (Oct 2019- Dec 2019) Classification Very Bad Very Bad Bad Bad
3.9. Soil Soils may be defined as a thin layer of earth's crust that serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Soils serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants and crops and also provide mechanical anchorage and favorable tilts.Soil is our most important natural resource and a natural resource is anything that comes from the earth and is used by us. We depend on the soil for food, clothing, shelter, minerals, clay & water. Soil is the seat of many macro & micro flora like algae, fungi, earthworms, bacteria etc. These are very beneficial in promoting soil reactions and decomposing the organic matter by which essential nutrients for plants are liberated. Most of the soils are made-up of two main parts:
Tiny bits of mineral particles which come from larger rocks, and humus, which is dark brown in color and consists of decaying remains of plants and animals. Soil also contains water, air and living organisms, such as fungi, bacteria, earthworms, roundworms, insects, etc. Actually more living organisms live in the soil than above it.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 43 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
For general characterization of soil a few random samples from the study area to the depth of about 15-cm may be sufficient. Deeper soil samples may be needed only for the study of soil profile.
Methodology The soil samples were collected from Six (06) selected locations during the winter season. The samples collected from all the locations were homogeneous representatives of each location. At random five (05) sub-locations were identified at each location and soil samples were collected from 5 to15-cm below the surface. It was uniformly mixed before homogenizing the soil sample. The samples about 500-gms were packed in polythene bags labelled in the field with the name & number of sampling location and sent to the laboratory for analysis of important physicochemical parameters.
Selection of Sampling Locations For studying soil quality in the study area, Six (06) sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil characteristics in and around the project site area representing various land use conditions. Soil sampling locations with their distance & directions w. r. t., the proposed project site are presented in Table: 3.27. 3.9.1. Soil Quality The soil samples were examined for various physicochemical parameters, to determine the existing soil characteristics of the study area. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of proposed project site. Physicochemical characteristics of soil are presented in Table: 3.28 as follows,
3.9.2. Soil Reaction Classes and Critical Limits for Macro & Micro Nutrients in Soil According to Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970), the soils are grouped under different soil reaction classes viz; extremely acidic (pH<4.5), very strongly acidic (pH 4.5-5.0 ), strongly acidic (pH 5.1-5.5), moderately acidic (pH 5.6-6.0), slightly acidic (pH 6.1-6.5), neutral (pH 6.6- 7.3), slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.8), moderately alkaline (pH 7.9-8.4), strongly alkaline (pH 8.5- 9.0).The soils are rated as low (<0.50 %), medium (0.50-0.75 %) and high (>0.75 %) in case of organic carbon, low (<280 kg/ha), medium (280 to 560 kg/ha) and high (>560 kg/ha) in case of available Nitrogen, low (<10 kg/ha), medium (10 to 25 kg/ha) and high (>25 kg/ha) for available Phosphorus, low (<108 kg/ha), medium (108 to 280 kg/ha) and high (>280 kg/ha) for available Potassium and low (<10 mg/kg), medium (10-20 mg/kg) and high (>20 mg/kg) for available Sulphur (Singh et. al. 2004, Mehta et. al.1988). Critical limits of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B, which separate deficient from non-deficient soils followed in India, are, 4.5, 2.0, 0.5, 0.2 & 0.5 mg/kg respectively. (Follet & Lindsay-1970 and Berger & Truog-1940)
3.9.3. Observation on Soil Quality
A. Physical Properties
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 44 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Brown colour soils are observed in the study area. Texturally the soils of study area are observed as Clay Loam Soils. The Bulk Density of the soils was found in the range of 1.29 to 1.41 gm/cm3. Water Holding Capacity of study area soils was observed as 29.8 to 31.4%. The results show Permeability values were found to vary from 0.23 to 0.33 cm/hr under Clay Loam textured soil in the study area.
B. Chemical Properties The soil pH ranges from 7.65 to 8.05, thereby indicating the soils are slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline. The Organic Carbon content of soil varied from 0.62 to 0.78% (1.07 to 1.34% as Organic Matter) thereby implying that soils are sufficient in organic content. Available nitrogen content in the surface soils ranges between 276.5 & 315.4 kg/ha, thereby indicating that soils are medium in available nitrogen content. Available phosphorus content ranges between 9.8 & 15.6 kg/ha, thereby indicating that soils are low to medium in available phosphorus content. Available potassium content in these soils ranges between 186.2 & 235.5 kg/ha, thereby is indicating that the soils are medium in potassium content.
The available manganese content in surface soils were recorded as 7.4 to 10.5 mg/kg, as the critical limit of available manganese is <2.0 mg/kg. The available zinc in surface soils of the study area ranges from 0.55 to 0.75 mg/kg. As per the critical limit of available zinc is <0.5 mg/kg, most of the study area soils are more than sufficient in available zinc in the vicinity of the project. Soil conditions more often associated with Zinc deficiency in the study area soil. The available boron content in the soils ranges from 0.44 to 0.51 mg/kg. The critical limit for deficiency of the available boron is <0.5 mg/ kg.
Above description about study area soil reveals that the fertility level is moderate in the entire study area with low to medium levels of primary nutrients i.e., Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium and micronutrients observed in the representative Soil samples analysis reports. Study area soils are observed as slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in nature.
Inference
Soil nutrient status for N, P & K is better explained by working out Nutrient Index Value for each. Parker had classified the „Nutrient Index‟ values less than 1.5 as the indicative of low nutrient status and between 1.5 to 2.5 as medium while higher than 2.5 as high nutrient status.
The following equation is used to calculate Nutrient Index Value;
Formulae: [Nutrient Index = {(Nl x 1) + (Nm x 2) + (Nh x 3)} / Nt]
Where;
Nt= Total number of samples analyzed for a nutrient in any given area. Nl = Number of samples falling in low category of nutrient status. Nm = Number of samples falling in medium category of nutrient status. Nh = Number of samples falling in high category of nutrient status
Nutrient Index Value for, N = {(1 x 1) + (5 x 2) + (0 x 3)} / 6 =1.8 (Medium) Nutrient Index Value for, P = {(1 x 1) + (5 x 2) + (0 x 3)} / 6 = 1.8 (Medium) Nutrient Index Value for, K = {(0 x 1) + (6 x 2) + (0 x 3)} / 6 = 2.0 (Medium)
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 45 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Thus, based on Nutrient Index Value for N, P & K, the soils of study area fall into medium fertility status. Soils have sufficient organic carbon and are capable of moderately supporting for agriculture. The soils of study area are slightly to moderately alkaline in nature as pH value of soils in all analyzed samples is less than 8.5 and simultaneously the value of EC is less than 1 dS/m (1000 µmhos/cm).
3.10. Biological Environment The Botanical and wildlife species in an area depend on the availability of suitable habitat for survival. Habitat loss and increasing habitat fragmentation are the primary causes of species decline in these environments. This section provides an overview of flora and fauna observed in study area during site visit. 3.10.1. Objectives of the study The ecological study of the area was conducted in order to understand the existing status of the flora and fauna to generate baseline information and evaluate the possible impacts on biological environment. The present study highlights the various issues pertaining to floristic diversity and faunal wealth in the surrounding area up to 10 km radius of the proposed project sites. 3.10.2. Forest Type The study area falls in Nagpur Forest Division. As per the bio-geographical classification, the project area comes under Bio-geographic province (6D) Deccan Penninsula-Central Plateau region. However, as per Champion & Seth, 1968 vegetation types of the area can be grouped as Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest.
Forest of Nagpur Forest Division The forests of Nagpur division belong to the Sub Group 5A – Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests as per the revised classification of „Champion and Seth‟. Underneath this main sub group, considerable local variations occur depending primarily upon the edaphic factors such as parent rock and consequent soil types; topography of the tract and the past treatment provided to these forest crops.
As per the Forest Working Plan 2004 of Nagpur Forest Division the net forest area in the Nagpur Forest division is 172126.79 ha. There are about 10 ranges in Nagpur Forest Division. The study area comes under Hingna Range office. Total Forest area in Hingna forest range is 18423.23 ha comprising 9512.40 ha reserve Forest, 5650.01ha Protected forest, 3241.30 ha Zudupi Jungles and 19.52ha non forest area Table 3.29.
Forests of the Study Area There are no environmentally sensitive components such as National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Elephant / Tiger Reserve, migratory routes of fauna and wet land present within 10 Km radius of plant site. However, there are few patches of degraded reserve forests are present within the study area. Nearest forest is Bir sukli RF located about 1.26 km NW of the site other forests are JunaPani RF located about 7.30 km S and DegmaReserve Forest located about 6.65 km NW,Dongargaon and Injoli RF located about 7.38Km SE and 4 other protected forest location located at 7.40Km, 8.84 Km and 9.62 Km respectively of the proposed plant site.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 46 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The majority of the important reserve forests in the study area were confined to the hilly region and falling under the category of “Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests” as per Champion and Seth‟sclassification. Forest in the study area further categorized as under: Dry Teak Forest – 5A/C1 (poor Quality teak forest present in Hingna range) Open Mixed Forest – 5A/C3
Dry Teak Forest -5A/C1 (Poor quality teak forests in the trap zone): This type of forest is found mainly in Hingna ranges. The forest tracts in this range constitute refractory areas having shallow soil layer, which are prone to heavy grazing and frequent fires. Teak is the predominant species consisting about 50 to 70 percent of the crop. The main associates of teak in the over-wood are dhaora, lendia, ain, movai, bhirra, achar, bel, etc. The common shrubs found are zilbili, bharati, kharasi, ber and neel. The main climbers found in such areas are chilati and eroni.
Open Mixed Forests: These forests observed intermixed with Teak and Anjan types. Along with the miscellaneous species Teak occurs in strips or patches in area adjoining Teak forests in all large reserves. Dense patches of better quality of mixed crops were observed within the moist valleys along the banks and water courses only.
The tree species commonly found in the Mixed type of forests were Dhawda (Anogeissuslatifolia), Salai (Boswellia serrata), Khair (Acacia catechu), Ghot (Zizyphusxylophyra), Palas (Butea monosperma), Lendia (Lagerstromia parviflora), Amatas(Cassia fistula), Jamrasi (Cassine glauca), Kulu (Serculiaurens), Air (Terminalia tomentosa), Kalam (Mitragyna parviflora), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Charoli (Buchananialanzan), Semal (Bombax ceiba), Apta (Bauhinia recemosa), Aola (Emblica officinalis), Moha (Madhukalatifolia), Kala-shirish (Albizzia lebbek) Chichwa (Albizzia odoratissima), Kasai (Bridaliaretusa), Pangara (Erythina sp.), Movai (Lanneagrandis), Rohan (Soymidafebrifuga), Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) The undergrowth species like Bharat (Maytenusemarginata), Tarota (Cassia tora), Nirgudi (Vitex negundo) were observed within the study area. The climbers were Piwarbel (Combratumovalifolium), Malkanguni (Celestruspaniculata), KanchKhuari (Mukunapruriens).
Grass species were – Kusal (Heteropogancontortus), Sheda (Sehimanurvosum), Ghonal (Themadatrianora), Paonia(Schimasulcatum), Rusa (Cymbopogan martini) Bhurbhusi (Erogostistenella), etc.
Vegetation at proposed site:Proposed site is located in an industrial area no major vegetation is present on the site. common herbs and shrubs are present on the site. The immediate surroundings of the proposed site the common Trees like Acacia catechu (Khair), Acacia nilotica (Babool), Ziziphusmauritiana (Bor), & Prosopis juliflora (vedibabool) were sparsely distributed along with commonly found herbs and shrubs.
3.10.3. Vagetation in Study Area (10 Km Study Area) The study area forms a part of Hingna forest Range. Most of the land within the 10 km area of the project site is under agriculture. As per the land use based on satellite image, about 64% of the land is under cultivation. Open Shrub land consist 26% of the total area. Only 4% land is under
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 47 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
vegetation. There are few patches of degraded reserve forests are present within the study area. Nearest forest is Bir sukli RF located about 1.26 km NW of the site other forests are JunaPani RF located about 7.30 km S ,Degma Reserve Forest located about 9.5 km NW and Dongargaon and Injoli Reserved forest 7.38Km SEof the proposed plant site.There are 4 protected forests at different location 7.40Km , 8.84 Km and 9.62Km respectively. The forest in study area is predominantly confined to the hilly & undulated region of Degma Reserve Forest. Poor quality teak is dominant along with Salai (Boswellia serrata), Dhaora (Anogeissuslatiflolia), Aola (Emblica officinalis), Palas (Butiamonosperma), Bor(Zizyphus jujube), Ghot (Zizyphusxylophyra), Air (Terminalia tomentosa), Ahl (Morindatinctoria), Khair (Acacia catechu), Achar (Buchananialanzan), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Amaltas (Cassia fistula), Kalam (Mitragyna parviflora), Moha (Madhucalatifolia), Movai (Lanniagrandis), and Nehada (Terminalia bellarica). Under growth is not dense, the common shrubs/herbs observed are Nirgudi (Vitex negundo), Murag sheng (Helecteresisora), and Bharat (Gymnosporiamontana), Chilati (Mimosa hamate), stunted Khair (Acacia catechu) observed and at very few places Lantana (Lantana camara), and Parijatak (Nyctanthesarbortristis) etc. The principal grasses were Sheda (Sehimanervosum), Ghonal (Themadatriandra), Kusal (Heteropogancontortis), Rusa (Cymbopogan martini), and Bhurbhusi (Eragrotistenella). Climbers were not very common except along nallahs and streams. The common climbers were Chilati (Mimosa hamate), Malkangani (Celastruspaniculata), Piwarvel (Combratumovalifolia), Mahul (Bahiniavahilii), Eruni (Zizyphusoenoplca). Except forest areas the vegetation is restricted along the open areas, along fields and road sides. The most common trees observed in the study area are Mangiferaindica, Madhucalongifolia, Syzigiumcumini, Tamarindusindica, Terminalia bellerica, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa, Psidium guajava, Azadirachtaindica, etc. Among the dominant shrubs species Abutulonindicum, Cassia auriculata, Datura metal, Holarrhenaantidysentrica,.Cassia pumila, Cassia tora, Calotropis gigantea, Lantana camera, Zizyphus sp. and Zizyphusmauritianaand Carissa spinarum are the common in study area. list of trees observed (primary data) in the study area is presented in Table 3.30.List of the flora observed in the study area is provided in Table 3.31& Table 3.32.
3.10.4. Rare and Endangered Flora in the Study Area The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. Among the enumerated flora in the study area, none of them were assigned any threat category, by RED data book of Indian Plants. (Nayar and Sastry, 1990) and Red list of threatened Vascular plants (IUCN, 2010; BSI, 2003) 3.10.5. Endemic Plants of the Study Area De Candolle (1855) first used the concept of “Endemic”, which is defined as an area of a taxonomic unit, especially species which has a restricted distribution or habitat, isolated from its surrounding region through geographical, ecological or temporal barriers. Among recorded plant species none were assigned the status of endemic plant of this region.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 48 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.10.6. Faunal Biodiversity Most of the land around the study area (10 km radius around the project site) is under agriculture and residential or commercial uses. No national parks, wild life sanctuary, biosphere reserve is present within 10 km area of the project site. However there are few patches of degraded reserve forests are present within the study area. Nearest forest is Bir sukli RF located about 1.26 km NW of the site other forests are Juna Pani RF located about 7.30 km S,DegmaReserve Forest located about 6.65 km NW and Dongargaon and Injoli Reserved forest located at 7.38 Km SE of the proposed plant site.
The information on fauna was collected by visual observations, random survey at different locations and discussion with the local people. The secondary data from different Govt. Sources and available literature was also referred in this study. The fauna study is carried for core zone as well as for buffer zone i.e. 10 km area around the project site, which is describes in following sections.
Fauna in Core zone: Proposed plant site is located in industrial area. No tree cutting is required. No tree/ vegetation is present within the core zone hence no wildlife exists within the core zone. However, the presence of commonly found reptiles and amphibian species has been reported by the local people. Common avifaunal species has also been observed in the core zone.
Fauna in Buffer Zone: Wildlife in the study area is restricted to commonly found mammal species this is mainly due to the urbanisation and industrialization of the area. List of fauna found in buffer zone (10 km study area) is provided in Table 3.33. Avifaunal Investigation
Avifauna is an important part of the ecosystem playing the various roles as scavengers, pollinators, predators of insect, pest, etc. They are also one of the bio indicators of different status of environment and affected by urbanization, industrialization and human interference. They can be used as sensitive indicators of pollution and malfunction of ecosystem. The most commonly spotted bird species of this area were; Indian Roller, Green bee eater, Jungle babbler, Plum-headed parakeet, Cattle Egret, Crow, bulbul, etc. Indian peafowl (Pavocristatus) not sighted but enlisted based on communication with villagers. The study area is inhabited by thirty four species of birds. The list of avifauna obsereved in the study area is given in Table 3.34.
3.10.7. Threatened and Endangered fauna The listed fauna found in study area has been cross-checked with Red Data Book of Indian Animals (Zoological Survey of India). There is no endangered or Schedule-I faunal species present in the study area except Pavocristatus which is a schedule-I species. The Indian Peafowl is categorized as „Least Concerned‟ in the International Union for Conservation of Nature‟s (IUCN) Red List. A least concern (LC) species is a species which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as evaluated but not qualified for any other category. As such they do not qualify as threatened, near threatened, or (before 2001) conservation dependent
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3.11. Socio-Economic Environment Demography is one of the important indicators of environmental health of an area. It includes population, number of households, literacy, population density, etc. In order to assess the demographic features of the area, census data of Nagpur District, in Maharashtra State for the year 2011 was compiled and placed in the form of tabulation and graphical presentation. According to Census 2011, the District Nagpur has total population of 46,53,570 persons comprising of 23,84,975 males and 22,68,595 females. The decadal variation in the population of the District was observed as 14.4% during 2001-11. The District shows a density of population of 470persons /sq. km, whereas it is 157 for rural and 6582 for urban respectivelySex Ratio was observed as 951 females per 1000 males comprising of 945 & 954 females per 1000 males for rural and urban part of the district. The literacy rate of the District was observed as 88.4% while it is 81.9% for rural and 91.4% for urban area in the district. As per the Census records 2011, about 75% of the District population are Hindus and Buddhists constitute about 14.4%. Remaining population consists of Muslims (8.4%), Christian (0.7%), Jain (0.5%) and Sikhs (0.4%). 3.11.1. Population Distribution in the Study Area Population Distribution within 2.0-km Radial Zone of the Study Area As per the census records 2011, the total population of the 2.0-km radial zone of study area was recorded as 158 persons of 1 revenue village named Pohi under Nagpur (Rural) Tehsil of Nagpur District in Maharashtra. Total number of „Households‟ was observed as 37 in the 2.0- km radius study zone. Male-female wise total population was recorded as 82 males and 76 females respectively. Caste-wise population distribution of 2.0-km radial study zone is shown in Table 3.35 Population Distribution within 10.0-km radial Zone of the Study Area As per the census records 2011, the total population of the study area was recorded as 87188 persons of 77 revenue villages/towns of Nagpur District of Maharashtra. Out of the total 77 villages/towns of the study area, there are 16 villages observed as Un-Inhabited villages. There are mainly two towns recorded in the 10km radial study area named Bori (CT) of Nagpur (Rural) Tehsil and Takalghat (CT) of HingnaTehsil respectively. All the revenue villages/towns are mainly under 3 Tehsil namely Nagpur (Rural), Hingna and Umred of Nagpur District in Maharashtra. Total number of „Households‟ was observed as 21523 in the 10-km radius study area. Male-female wise total population was recorded as 45818 males and 41370 females respectively. Caste wise population distribution of the entire study area is shown in Table 3.36 as follows;
3.11.2. Sex Ratio The „Sex Ratio‟ of the study area is a numeric relationship between females and males of an area and bears paramount importance in the present day scenario where the un-ethnic pre- determination of sex and killing of female foetus during pregnancy is practiced by unscrupulous medical practitioners against the rule of the law of the country. It is evident that by contrast the practice of female foeticide is not prevalent in the study area. As per the census records 2011, the entire study area is falling in Nagpur district of Maharashtra. The „Sex Ratio‟ was observed as 951 females per 1000 males in the District. The same was recorded as 902 females for every 1000 males in the study area. The child (0-6
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 50 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
years) sex ratio of the district was observed as 948 female children per 1000 male children. The village wise male-female population distribution for the study area is depicted and shown by graphical representation in Figure 3.28
3.11.3. Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribe Population On the basis of the village/town wise SC & ST population distribution of the study area during 2011, the „Scheduled Castes‟ population was observed as 12458 persons consisting of 6427 males and 6031 females respectively in the study area which accounts as 14.3% to the total population (87188 persons) of the study area. „Scheduled Tribes‟ population was observed as 10923 persons, accounting as 12.5% to the total population of the study area consisting of 5712 males and 5211 females. It implies that the rest 73.2% of the total population belongs to the General category. Male-female wise distribution of SC & ST population in the study area is graphically shown in Figure 3.29 & 3.30 as follows.
3.11.4. Literacy Rate Literacy level is quantifiable indicator to assess the development status of an area or region. Male-Female wise literates and illiterates population is represented in Table 3.37. Total literates population was recorded as 64906 persons (74.4%) in the study area. Table 3.37reveals that Male-Female wise literates are observed as 35840 & 29066 persons respectively, implies that the „Literacy Rate‟ is recorded as 74.4% with male-female wise percentages being 41.1% & 33.3% respectively. The total illiterate‟s population was recorded as 22282 persons (25.6%) in the study area. Male-Female wise illiterates were 9978 (11.4%) and 12304 (14.1%) respectively. The Male-Female wise graphical representation of literates & illiterates population in study area villages/town is shown in Figure 3.31.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 51 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.11.5. Economic Structure The majority of people in rural sector are cultivators & agricultural labors which indicates dominant agricultural economy. A small section of people are engaged as workers in household industries. But in urban sector the existing scenario is completely reversed as most of the people there are engaged in non-agricultural activity especially in local hotels/restaurants and as drivers some people also operates their vans/jeeps/cars as tourist vehicle. Annual income helps in identifying families below poverty line. During the field survey, income of a household through all possible sources was recorded. Agriculture and allied activities were reported to be the major source of income followed by non-farm wage labor, business, Government and Private Service etc. The other important sources of income include government pension and income from selling of fodder. Economy of the District The important factors of the economic status are Forestry, Minerals and Mining, Soil & Cropping Pattern, Agriculture, Irrigation, Animal Husbandry, Fishery, Sericulture, Industry, Trade and Commerce, Transport and Electricity & Power, helping to maintain the economic status of Nagpur District. Industrially, Nagpur District is one of the advanced Districts in Maharashtra. The industrial development has taken place mostly at Nagpur city and some small towns. Workers Scenario Occupational patternwas studied to assess the skills of people in the study area. Occupational pattern helps in identifying major economic activities of the area. The main and marginal workers population with further classification as casual, agricultural, households and other workers is shown in Table 3.38. In the study area the Main and Marginal Workers population was observed as 32540 (37.3%) and 5417 (6.2%) respectively of the total population (87188) while the remaining 49231 (56.5%) persons were recorded as non-workers. Thus it implies that the semi-skilled and non-skilled work-force required in study area for the project is available in aplenty.
Occupational patternwas studied to assess the skills of people in the study area. Occupational pattern helps in identifying major economic activities of the area. The main and marginal workers population with further classification as casual, agricultural, households and other workers is shown in Table 3.39 In the study area the Main and Marginal Workers population was observed as 32540 (37.3%) and 5417 (6.2%) respectively of the total population (87188) while the remaining 49231 (56.5%) persons were recorded as non-workers. Thus it implies that the semi-skilled and non-skilled work-force required in study area for the project is available in aplenty.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 52 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Composition of Main Workers: The „Main Workers‟ were observed as 32540 persons (37.3%) to the total population (87188) of the study area and its composition is made-up of Casual laborers as 3655 (11.2%), Agricultural laborers as 10856 (33.4%), Household workers 757 (2.3%) and other workers as 17272 (53.1%) respectively. Composition of Main workers is shown below asFigure 3.33.
Composition of Marginal Workers: The total marginal workers are observed as 5417 which constitute 6.2% of the total population (87188) comprising of Marginal Casual Laborers as 270 (5.0%), Marginal Agricultural Laborers as 2608 (48.1%), Marginal Household laborers as 194 (3.6%) and marginal other workers were also observed as 2345 (43.3%) of the total marginal workers respectively. Details about marginal workers in the study area are tabulated inTable 3.39. Composition of Marginal workers is shown in Figure 3.34 as follows.
Composition of Non-Workers: The total Non-workers population was observed as 49231 which constitute 56.5% to the total population (87188) of the study area. Male-female wise Non-workers population was recorded as 49231 Males (56.5%) and 18338 Females (37.2%) respectively. Details about total Non- workers of the study area with Graphical representation are compiled in Table 3.40 and shown by Figure 3.35 as follows;
3.11.6. Basic Amenities Availability Status A review of Basic infrastructure facilities (Amenities) available in the study area villages has been done on the basis of the Field survey and Census records, 2011 for the study area inhabited revenue villages of 3 tehsils namely Nagpur (Rural), Hingna and Umred underNagpur District of Maharashtra. The study area has good level of basic infrastructure facilities like educational, medical, potable water, power supply, and transport & communication network. Entire study area is predominantly rural except 2 main towns namely Bori (CT) of Nagpur (Rural) tehsil and Takalghat (CT) of Hingna tehsil respectively. Education Facilities As per the Census Records of India 2011, there are a total 77 revenue villages/towns of Nagpur District in Maharashtra. All the revenue villages/towns are mainly under 3 tehsils namely Nagpur (Rural), Hingna and Umred of Nagpur District in Maharashtra. There are about 60 Primary Schools are observed existing in the rural part/revenue villages of the study area. Middle schools are 26 no‟s in the rural part of the study area. Only 11 no‟s Higher Secondary Schools are available in the rural part of the study area. Senior Secondary School facility is available in 05 villages in the rural part of the study area. The educational facilities have been further strengthening now and a number of private public schools and colleges are also functioning in the surroundings of the study area. Besides, there are Engineering and Medical colleges available in Towns and District headquarters only. Higher education facilities are available in Towns of the area. There is considerable improvement in educational facility. The villages/towns of the study area have no such facilities can reach within 5.0 to 10.0-km range. Majority of the villages are little far from their nearest town. Most of villages of the district have primary education facility, transport and communication.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 53 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
There is a University viz., RashtrasantTukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University which has campus at Nagpur. As per 2001 Census, Marathi is the main language of the District and is the mother tongue of 70.1% of the District population. In rural areas Marathi speakers account for 84.0% whereas in urban areas 62.4%. Hindi is the second largest language spoken in the District. It is observed during the last decade that proportion of Marathi speaking persons has decreased from 73.1 to 70.1% while Hindi speaker‟s proportion has increased from 14.0 to 15.8%. Out of total 77 revenue villages/towns of the study area 27 revenue villages (35.1%) do not have primary school facility and children of these villages have to travel less than 5.0-km for their primary schooling. Medical Facilities The medical facilities are provided by different agencies like Govt. & Private individuals and voluntary organizations in the study area. As per the district census handbook information of 2011, no community health centre (CHC) exists in the study area and only 2 primary health center (PHC) also exists in the Borkhedi and Kanholibara revenue village of the rural part of the study area; most of the study area villages depend upon the towns / district HQ of the study area having such facility. Eight (08) Primary Health Sub-Centers (PHSC) are exists in the rural part of the study area. Mother & Child Welfare Centre (MCWC) facility are available in 02 revenue villages named Borkhedi and Kanholibara of the study area. Family welfare centre (FWC) exists in 02 villages named Borkhedi and Kanholibara revenue village of the study area. Overall study area villages are served by average medical facilities. Specialized medical facilities are available in towns and District Headquarter (HQ) only.
Potable Water Facilities Potable water facility is available in most of the villages/towns of the study area. The entire study area has plenty of good potable water facilities. Hand Pump water facility is commonly observed in 40 villages (52%) in the study area. Out of total 77 revenue villages/towns only 17 villages are served with River/Canal water as drinking water in the study area. As per the census records of 2011, about 05 villages (6.5%) are being served with Tank/Pond/Lake in the study area. In the majority of the villages, hand pumps are commonly observed in the study area. Good potable water facilities are available in the study area. Communication, Road & Transport Facilities Apart from Post &Telegraph (P & T) services, transport is the main communication linkage in the study area. Out of 77 villages /towns of the study area, only 06 villages are served with Post Office facilities in the study area, remaining villages are depending upon these 6 villages/towns of the study area. The study area has average rail and road network, passes from the area. Railway Station facility is available only in one revenue village named Borkhedi; Gumgaon Railway Station, ~8 km away from the project site and remaining villages are depending upon this village for railway station facility. Nearest town/city is Butibori at about 5.0- km away from the project site in SE direction. „Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar International Airport’ is about 18.0-kms, in NE from the proposed site. Most of the villages (about 63.6%) are served with Pucca road facility in the study area. The villages in the study area which do not have such facility can reach within 5 to 10-km range. Mainly one town named Nagpur is available within the distance range of 15 to 45-kms from the villages of the study area.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 54 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The proposed site come inside the MIDC, Butibori which is very well connected to NH-7 and is also having very well developed internal road and other required infrastructure Banking Facility The study area has almost all the schedule commercial banks with ATM facility in urban areas and the district HQ. Majority of the villages have banking facility at a distance of 5-10 km. Power Supply It is revealed from the compiled information on amenities availability as per the census record of 2011; most of the villages and towns (about 54.5%) are electrified for all purpose in the study area. Village/Town wise „Basic Amenities Availability’ data for the entire study area is compiled and presented in Table 3.41 as follows; Village/town wise ‘Basic Amenities’ availability data for the entire study area is compiled and presented in Table 3.41.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 55 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3.12. Historical or Archaeological Site within the Study Area: Fairs A large number of fairs are held in the District. Most of the fairs held in the district are associated with important deities and religious festivals. Places of Historical and Tourist Importance Forts, old temples and picnic points in the district play an important role in shaping the socio- economic pattern. Ramtek is situated at a height of about 1,508 feet to the northeast of Nagpur city and is the Taluka headquarters. The temple at Ramtek is situated on a hill in the extreme west of Ambagarh ranges, in the northern part of the town and is 500 feet above the town level. To reach the temple one has to climb a hill, known as “Amgiri”,“Shendurgiri” “Tapogiri” i.e. the hill of penance. Besides, there are few other temples in the District viz., Saibaba temple, Maruti temple, Shiva temple and Ambabai temple etc. In addition to Nagpur city itself, which is famous for oranges, Sitaburdi fort and Amlazari lake and other places of tourist interest including Ganpati temple in Adasa village (SavnerTahsil), Khapa for rich natural surroundings and temples, Mansar village located north of Kamptee is a pilgrims place and famous for oranges and deep-oranges spessartite crystals found in the pit known as the “Kamptee Lady”. Paradsinga in Katol Tahsil is famous for oranges and other fruits gardens and Ramtek is famous for its location around the foot of detached hill with its fractured stones appearing almost blood red and for its betel leaf and number of temples on the hill. The hill is attached with belief that legendary lord Rama took up his residence here and hence is invested with special sanctity. Sitaburdi Fort:Sitaburdi fort is undoubtedly the most distinguished object of tourist interest in the city of Nagpur. The fort stands on the twin hills of Sitaburdi. In Gond Region, it was a storage place of military weapons. On 25th January 1822, Colonel Adams converted these hills into a fort. Some freedom fighters were hanged in this fort for participating in„1857 Freedom Movement‟. Grandson of Tipu Sultan was one of them. Now their memorials are there. For some period Gandhiji was also imprisoned in this fort. Now there is Head Quarters of 118, Infantry Battalion in this fort. Tri-colour, our national flag flies over the main building, taking the panoramic view of whole city. Maharaj Bag: This is perhaps the oldest garden in Nagpur and is situated on Nagpur-Amravati road, near the Nagpur University. The garden, it is believed was laid out by the Bhosale rulers. The grand old trees with their massive trunks speak of their long years of existence and consequently of the antiquity of the Maharaj Bag. Koradi:Jagdamba temple in Koradi village is very famous in the District. “NavratraUstav‟ is celebrated in the temple. “KrishnajiBuva Math”:The Samadhi of a Couple, a certain BuvaKrishnaji by name thought of taking Samadhi but his wife, at the thought of parting away from her husband was overcome by grief and began to shed tears, Krishnaji did not serve from his path and at the time of taking Samadhi he blessed his wife by placing his palm on her head and surprisingly enough, she also swooned to death on the spot.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 56 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Chapter 4. : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment of the proposed expansion project. It describes the overall impacts of the project activities and underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation measures. Predictions have been done based on the various quantitative and qualitative methods suggested by MoEF&CC.
4.1. INTRODUCTION Generation of environmental baseline of a project area is an important phase of any Environmental Assessment process. Baseline data provide vital information on the existing environmental quality in which a development is planned. It is also useful for delineating environmental sensitive areas and for preparing an Environmental Sensitivity Map for contingency planning. In this study, the environmental characteristics of the project area (10 km study area) were established through extensive literature search, field sampling/measurements, laboratory analysis, consultation and data interpretation.
Any developmental activity in its wake will bring about some impacts associated with its origin, which can be broadly classified as reversible, irreversible, long and short-term impacts. In this chapter, an endeavor has been made to identify various Environmental Impacts associated with the plant operation and other activities wherein, there may be a chance of pollution. Based on the possible worst case emissions and waste generation from the proposed project and also taking into consideration the baseline Environmental status at the proposed project site, the environmental factors that are likely to be affected (Impacts) are assessed and identified.
Both beneficial (positive) and detrimental (negative) impacts are accounted for this purpose. The prediction of impacts helps in the preparation of a sound Environmental Management Plan which has to be executed during the on-going activities for the proposed project to minimize the adverse impacts on the environmental quality. In some case, mathematical models were used to quantitatively describe the cause-effect relationships between the sources of pollution and different components of environment.
In case if the mathematical models are not available or it is not possible to identify/validate a model for particular situation, predictions would be made through available scientific knowledge.
4.2. POTENTIAL IMPACTS DURING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Construction activities normally spread over pre-construction, preparatory construction, machinery installation and commissioning stages and end with the induction of manpower and start-up.
Pre-construction phase basically involves completion of all legal formalities with respect to the No Objection Certificates from the various statutory bodies, surveys/ studies required, acquisition of land, settlement of all issues related to compensation, if any, finalization of contract for procurement of machinery/ equipment, recruitment and hiring of requisite skilled, semi-skilled manpower and labour, provision of space and other facilities like water supply,
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 57 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
disposal of wastewater and solid waste etc. on temporary basis for the contracted labour to be employed and provision for storage of machinery and materials to be used for construction.
Preparatory construction phase in the project mainly consist of transportation of machinery, equipments and materials to the site for construction, clearing and levelling of land, site grading, fencing, road design, surface drainage, sewerage system, common effluent treatment plant, integrated solid waste management system, power supply and electrification, street lighting, fire protection services, telecommunications along with common facilities & administrative complex buildings, etc.
4.3. LAND ENVIRONMENT
4.3.1. Construction Phase The land is generally flat, however during site levelling borrow earth will be required. The elevation of the project site varies from 296 m to 306 m amsl. The excavated earth during civil foundations will be stored at earmarked places with proper slopes and later utilized for levelling and landscaping purpose within the plant premises. No earth will be brought from outside or disposed outside the premises. Excavation work will be carried out during dry season and avoided during rainfall events to prevent soil erosion and washout of excavated materials. Impact on land environment are as follows
Impacts during Construction Phase:
Being a new site there will be a Land use\Land cover change. Land use\Land cover will be changed permanently from Agricultural to industrial uses. Site Clearance and removal of vegetation Change in topography due to site filling and levelling. Land use/Land cover change outside the plant area if labour camp will be established. Generation of Construction waste Debris, Scraps, Excavated soil, used bags and steel waste. Removal of Top Soil during construction activities Generation of Dust from vehicular and construction equipment movement Handling of solid raw materials, where from fugitive solids may deteriorate the soil characteristics; Handling and disposal of solid wastes, which may deteriorate soil characteristics and change the physical features, drainage, etc; Disposal of liquid wastes on land, thereby deteriorating soil quality; Disposal of miscellaneous used/damaged materials and garbage may have negative impaction aesthetic value. Mitigation Measures
The land fill and excavation activities during the construction phase will be limited to the areas identified for locating the plants and facilities. There is no drain passing through this land. During construction phase some waste construction material will be generated. However, it will be used for site leveling and will have no impact on the land environment.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 58 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
There will be no change in Land use\Land cover outside the plant area. There are no labour colonies proposed outside the plant area Majority of the labour will be hired from nearby villages, so no housing or shelter facilities required for construction workers. However temporary camp sites shall be provided with minimum requirement of drinking water and sanitation facilities for workers during working hours Debris, Scraps, excavated soil, used bags and steel waste should be generated and disposed as per Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016. The excavated soil will be used for levelling the premises and care should be taken for using the soil for greenbelt development Construction activities (grinding, movement of vehicles and other machinery) will lead to dust emission. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles and machineries should be done; sprinkling of water on roads at construction site etc. will reduce the impact.
4.3.2. Operation Phase Surroundings of project site is agricultural land .There shall be a generation of waste which could pollute the agricultural land. Below mentioned materials can be hazardous to the land environment.
Impacts during Operation Phase:
From handling, storage, use or spillage of hazardous materials on to the land. From discharge of sewage or other effluents to water or the land Generation of Municipal & Hazardous wastes Generation of Sewage sludge or other sludge from effluent treatment Mitigation Measures
Municipal Waste (domestic and or commercial waste) during construction and operational phase shall be disposed as per Municipal waste management rules 2016. Hazardous waste generated in the Plant will be Spent Acids, Solid waste residue and other Hazardous waste which will be sent to TSDF plant. Sewage sludge should be used as manure in greenbelt and ETP sludge will be stored and sent to TSDF for landfill. All precautions shall be taken to avoid spillage from storage and handling of hazardous chemicals. Industrial effluent should be treated and reused in process. Domestic effluent should be treated in STP and reused for greenbelt development. Zero liquid Discharge (ZLD) will be followed. Spillage will be managed by detection of leaks in the first place from structures or vessels. Spillage during loading unloading shall be channelized properly to drains and all PPE will be worn during this time. Paved area will be provided near the process area to avoid soil contamination The loading unloading activity shall be done in a marked safe area.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 59 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
4.4. AIR ENVIRONMENT
4.4.1. Construction Phase During the construction phase, land preparation and civil construction activities will lead to generation of dust. The plot of land acquired for the project is plain land and does not require leveling. Land preparation will be limited to filling up of areas, identified for locating the plants and facilities, to raise the level by approx 1 meter. As no major earth work is required, generation of fugitive dust will be minimal. The particulate matter will settle quickly, and their impact on air quality beyond the project area will be negligible. However, use of construction equipment as well as movement of vehicles for transporting filling and construction material to the site as well as operation of equipment within the site will lead to generation of particulate matter, SO2, NOx, CO and HC. Installation of equipment and mechanical fabrications will also lead to generation of gaseous pollutants mainly from the exhausts of earthmovers and other construction equipment. However, the construction activities will be limited within the project area, and for a limited period. It is, therefore, concluded that the construction phase impact on air quality will be short-lived, reversible, and restricted within vicinity of the project area. The mitigation measures proposed during construction phase are as follows Water spray on un-paved roads, Routine preventive maintenance of construction equipment, Use of PUC certified vehicles for transport of construction materials and plant equipment, Storage of construction material under cover, Construction activities, including receipt of material, to be done during day time only. Pavement of Approach road
The emission of particulate matter during the construction phase will be generated from the activities like receipt, transfer and screening of aggregate, road dust emissions. The most of emission will be from paved and unpaved roads due to movement of construction vehicles. The dust generated will be largely coarser in nature and will settle down within close vicinity of construction site. It is anticipated that material will be purchased from the vendors with an average distance of approx. 100 km then the distance to be travelled by per truck in each trip is 200 km. Emission load estimations are made for construction phase of the project per day and are given below in Table 4.1.
As per the baseline data assessment, it is found that all the parameters monitored, i.e. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO are well within the permissible limit. Thus, the impact of increased emission will impact most the particulate matter concentration in the area.
Thus, measures shall be taken to overall reduce the emissions due to the project to minimize impact on air quality. Suggestive mitigation measures are given below
Mitigation Measures Transportation of raw material and debris shall be done in vehicles covered with tarpaulin cover and all the vehicle will have PUC certificate. Raw materials/debris/excavated muck shall be properly stacked and stored under covered conditions at designated areas/storage yards. Debris/muck will be regularly removed from the site for regular storage/disposal
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 60 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
During dry weather, control of the dust nuisance created by excavation, and transportation activities shall be carried out by water sprinkling. Preserving existing vegetation or re-vegetating disturbed soils is one of the most effective ways to control soil erosion. Spill prevention and control plans shall be made, clearly stating measures to stop the source of the spill, to contain the spill, to dispose the contaminated material including paints, cleaners, and petroleum products. Locally available raw material will be preferably used. Temporary connection of electricity will be taken for operation of machinery/equipment and lighting at site and usage of DG sets shall be minimal. Low Sulphur diesel only shall be used as fuel in DG sets. DG sets will be provided with the stack height as per CPCB norms. DG sets shall be used only in case of power failure Water sprinkling will be carried out at casting & storage yards, construction site, loading & unloading area, approach road, haulage road, raw material storage area and muck disposal sites. Flow rate of water sprinklers should be maintained to minimize the run-off and for effective results Adequate parking area shall be provided for vehicle for loading & unloading so as to prevent parking on the road and causing traffic jams and congestion Storage of raw materials like cement, sand, soil, etc. shall be done in covered sheds or should be covered by tarpaulin cover. Vehicles and equipment shall be regularly checked for fitness/serviced and maintained Green belt development will be started at the site during construction phase only Barricading the site shall be done for suppression of dust generation Wheel washing arrangement shall be provided at entry/exit points Temporary road will be constructed and sprinkled with water for dust suppression.
4.4.2. Operation Phase Source of air pollutants during the operation phase may be classified under the following five major categories
Spillage/leakage of raw materials during loading or unloading Process emission from the vents attached to the process reactor Leakage of chemical Heat from reactor can increase the temperature of the room Dust emission during grinding
Flue gas emission (SO2, NOx & CO2) will be from stack attached with boiler, where rice briquettes will be used as fuel, and DG sets in which diesel will be used as fuel. Also, VOCs, acid mist emission from other sources
Fugitive emission (SO2, NOx & CO and hydrocarbons) from vehicular traffic
Prediction of ground level concentration (GLCs) due to proposed projecthas been made by using air dispersion model as per CPCB Guideline.
The pre-project (baseline) ambient air quality status in the study area indicates that
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 61 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
all the criteria pollutants are well within the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for industrial, residential, rural and other areas. The ambient air quality with respect to air pollutants will change during the operation phase of the proposed project. However, adequate stack height will be provided for better dispersion of flue gas as per the guidelines of CPCB. In addition to that, adequate greenbelt will be developed for further control of air pollution. To assess the impact of air emissions from various continuous point sources, air dispersion modelling study has been conducted with the help of AERMOD View 9.8.1 model of Lakes Environmental. Detailed description has been given in the following sub-sections: 4.4.3. Model Details Air dispersion modelling can be used to predict atmospheric concentrations of pollutants at specific locations (receptors) over specific averaging times (i.e. annual, daily, and hourly). An atmospheric dispersion model accounts for the emissions from a source; estimates how high into the atmosphere they will go, how widely they will spread and how far they will travel based on temporal meteorological data; and outputs the pattern of concentrations that will occur for various exposure periods, thereby providing the exposure risks for different receptors. In the proposed project, prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out employing mathematical model based on a Steady State Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for multiple point sources for short term. In the present case, AERMODdispersion model based on steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion, designed for multiple point sources for short term and developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency ( USEPA) has been used for simulations from point sources. The predictions for air quality during operation phase were carried out for
particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5
microns (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), HBr, HCl,
NH3concentration using AERMOD. The options used for short-term computations are: The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited to that of the mixing layer Stack tip down-wash is not considered Calms processing routine is used by default Wind profile exponents is used by default Flat terrain is used for computation Pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation No pollutant removal by dry deposition Universal Transverse Meter (UTM) coordinates have been used for computation
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 62 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
A uniform polar grid was used for the computation and extended to 10 km from the center of the proposed project. In addition to that, receptors were also placed at the sampling locations.
4.4.4. Predicted GLCs from the Proposed Project The main sources of air pollution due to the operation of the plant are the process stack, boiler stack, thermic fluid heater and Hot water generator stack. The DG set stacks were not taken as the emissions from the DG sets will be intermittent. The emission rates and stack parameters of the sources are listed in Table 4.2.
4.4.5. Meteorological Data The meteorological data consists of wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud cover and rainfall recorded during the months of October 1, 2019, through December 31, 2019, on an hourly basis. Wind speed, wind direction and temperature have been processed to extract the 24–hour mean meteorological data for application in AERMOD.
4.4.6. Receptor Locations A total of about 720 receptors which were generated with a polar grid from the center of the proposed project and extended to 10 km.
4.4.7. Summary of Predicted GLC’s The summary of maximum ground level concentrations (GLC) for the proposed project is listed in Table 4.4.
Table 4.1 : Summary of Maximum 24-hour GLC due to the Proposed Project
The above table shows that in the worst-case scenario, the maximum ground level concentration due to the proposed project will be in the SW direction. It should be noted that the maximum baseline concentration in the study area is contributed mainly by industrial emissions, vehicular emissions, re-suspended dust from paved/unpaved roads and open areas as well as from industrial activities.
The total 24-hour average concentration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx is well within ambient air quality standards except Wateghat village where average concentration of PM10 is exceding the prescribed norms.
The total 24-hour average concentration for NH3, HCl & HBr is well within the ambient air quality standards.
Summary of Incremental GLCs with Baseline Results Besides the worst GLC (maximum) predictions the GLC incremental at the sensitive receptors (where the ambient air monitoring was carried out) was also predicted. The predicted incremental GLC for pollutants are given in underneath Table 4.5. Discussion of the Cumulative Impacts at Monitoring Locations: The nearest settlement in downwind direction is Wateghat village at a distance of 2.23 km, S.
As per baseline data of AAQ maximum GLC for PM10 at Village Wateghat is 0.01 µg/m³ with
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 63 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
this proposed project, post PM10 level will be 120.01 µg/m³. The NAAQS norms for PM10 is 100 µg/m³. The Particulate Matter in the study area is contributed mainly by Industrial and commercial activities and traffic movement (vehicular emissions), re-suspended dust from paved and unpaved roads and open uncovered areas.
PM2.5 concentration at nearest settlement in downwind direction is Wateghat village (towards
South)at a distance of 2.23 km. As per baseline data of AAQ, maximum GLC for PM2.5 at
Village Wateghat is 0.01 µg/m³, and with this proposed project, post PM2.5 level will be 65.01
µg/m³. The The NAAQS norms for PM2.5 is 60 µg/m³. The Particulate Matter in the study area is contributed mainly by Industrial and commercial activities and traffic movement (vehicular emissions), re-suspended dust from paved and unpaved roads and open uncovered areas.
SO2 concentration at nearest settlement in downwind direction is Wateghat village (towards
South) at a distance of 2.23 km. As per baseline data of AAQ, maximum GLC for SO2 at
Village Wateghat is 0.01 µg/m³, and with this proposed project, post SO2 level will be 15.31
µg/m³. The NAAQS norms for SO2 is 80 µg/m³.Similarly, the maximum GLC for NOx will be 0.007, and with this proposed project, post NOx level will be 24.407 µg/m³ Ammonia baseline concentration at nearest settlement in downwind direction is Wateghat village (towards South) is 24 µg/m³, and with this proposed project, post NH3 level will be 24.001 µg/m³. The NAAQS norms for Ammonia is 400 µg/m³. As is evident from the table and discussion above, there will be no adverse impacts on the surrounding area (all pollutants post project GLC will be well within NAAQS norms . However
PM10 values are reaching near to the prescribed limits at Project site, Kathangdhara, AmgaonDeoli. Wateghat location being already exceeding the statutory limit , after adding incremental GLCs. of PM10 and PM2.5, are above the prescribed norms As it is observed that the incremental GLCs at Project site, Kathangdhara, AmgaonDeoli, and at Whateghat are 0.05, 0.008, 0, 0.01 respectively which are very less but the existing baseline monitoring values at these locations are alreadyhigh. High efficient air pollution control systems is proposed in the project to mitigate particulate matter as well as gaseous emissions in the ambient environment. The cumulative concentration of HCl and HBr are also found within the range. The isopleths of the pollutant concentration due to the impacts associated with the operation of the proposed project are shown in Figures 4.2through 4.6 for PM10,PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HCl, HBr and NH3respectively.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 64 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Mitigation Measures The pollution due to point sources of emission will be controlled by selection of state of art process technology and efficient control equipment such as cyclone bag filter and alkali /water scrubber with stack. The following measures are proposed for mitigation of residual impacts As the meteorological conditions during day time are generally favourable for better dispersion of emissions, the plants will be started during day time only. To the extent possible, loading and unloading of raw materials and grinding operations will be performed during day time only, for better dispersion of fugitive and stack emissions.
Gaseous emission from fuel burning, consist of common pollutants like SO2, NO2, and PM would be discharged into atmosphere through Stack of suitable height. Stack height of of 30 m will be provided to Boiler, Thermic Fluid heater and hot water unit and stack height of 15 m will be provided for Process reactor vents. Control of fugitive emissions will be achieved through water spray. All transfer points in material handling operations will be covered to minimize fugitive dust emissions. Green belt will be developed covering 33.5% of the total project area, within the premises as dust and emission preventive barrier. Adequate systems shall be provided to capture the emissions from process plants & maintain the emission quality as per recommended guidelines before venting it in to the atmosphere. The combustion from DG sets,boiler, thermic fluid heater and hot water generator etc. by controlling optimum conditions and in built internal cyclones bag filters and proper stack height will be provided to kept the emission within prescribed limit. A good housekeeping consisting of cleaning up spills, removing accumulations around processing equipment will be practiced.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 65 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The Pollutants normally from various processes are HCl, SO2, NH3, HBretc. Two stage scrubber (alkali +water) shall be provided to control process emissions. The raw materials and finished goods will be stored in closed areas to reduce fugitiveemission and avoid soil and water contamination. Regular water sprinkling will be done, at locations prone to duct generation, to minimize fugitive emission due to handling of raw material and vehicular movement. The following measures are recommended for control of fugitive emission from these operations: o Selection of appropriate valves and flanges at the design/construction stage and their routine preventive maintenance during operation phase. o Implementation of monitoring, maintenance, and repair programs. o Boxes on valve stems and seats on relief valves, to reduce or eliminate accidental releases. o Regular monitoring and routine preventive maintenance ofplant equipment and machinery. o Transfer of liquid raw materials in reactors will be done to avoid spillage/leakage. o All the toxic chemicals will be pumped in closed loop to the reactors to avoid fugitive emission. o All the vessels will be equipped with condensers connected to Chilled water and Brine solution for effective recovery of solvents and avoid fugitive emission. o All reactor vents will be equipped with the condensers to trap emission. o Adequate scrubbing system will be provided to absorb the process gas and entire process will be carried out in closed reactors o Frequent work area monitoring will be done to ensure fugitive emission in under control 4.5. NOISE ENVIRONMENT
4.5.1. Construction Phase The major noise generating sources during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, and construction equipment like, concrete mixers, cranes, generators, pumps, compressors, vibrators, etc. The operation of these equipment will generate noise ranging between 85–100 dB (A), when measured at 3 m distance from this equipment. The noise generation will be considerable during such type of medium scale construction activities. Typical noise sources during construction phases are mentioned in Table 4.2
The construction activities will be limited, to the extent possible, to day hours only. The day time ambient noise level (24 hour Leq) recorded during field studied in the nearest settlement, located at a distance of 0.39 m from the project site is 52 dB(A). As the existing ambient noise levels are much higher than the predicted additional noise levels, due to industrial operations activities and heavy vehicular traffic, no significant increase in the ambient noise levels during construction phase is envisaged.
Mitigation Measures Proper maintenance of noise generating transport vehicles. Regular noise level monitoring shall be carried out for taking corrective action
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 66 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Regular maintenance of heavy earth vehicles may be adopted to reduce noise levels. All the construction machinery and equipment used shall be provided with adequate noise mufflers and noise suppression equipment. Proper lubrication and maintenance of the machinery & equipment and vehicle will be carried out to minimize the noise generation due to abrasion All noisy activities should be carried out during daytime only (9:00 AM to 10:00 PM). No noisy works shall be undertaken during nighttime Temporary noise shields shall be provided all around the heavy noise making activities. Adequate parking space will be provided at the project site to minimize the honking requirement due to congestion and jams and restricting the speed limits. Protection devices (earplugs or earmuffs) shall be provided to those workers who cannot be isolated from the source of noise and reducing the exposure time of workers to the higher noise levels by rotation.
4.5.2. Operation Phase In general, any industrial complex consists of several sources of noise in clusters or stand- alone mode. The clusters/stand-alone source may be housed in buildings of different dimensions made of different materials or installed in open or under sheds. The material of construction implies different attenuation co-efficient. The main sources of noise generation in the proposed project are various types of ID fans, pumps & compressors, grinders, DG sets, etc. In environmental noise problems, generally more than one noise sources are encountered, and the total noise at an observer's location due to all the sources is to be evaluated. Since the sound pressure level is logarithmic, decibel values are not additive. To determine the resultant dB level, it is necessary to convert decibel values to sound pressures, add these pressures, and then reconvert the resultant ratio to the decibel value. Nearest village Pohi is 0.39 km, NE away from the project site. The noise generated from the project activities will not be attenuated significantly due to atmospheric attenuation. Also, by using standard practice of operation, these impacts can be minimized and made insignificant. It is, therefore, concluded that the existing noise level in the area will remain practically unchanged. Thus, no impact on the noise level is foreseen.
Mitigation Measures In view of the noise potential of the proposed facilities, adequate measures have been incorporated for control of noise and vibration from the different equipment. The control of noise within the plants is through the provision of silencers, hoods, and acoustic walls to the noise generating equipment. Suppliers of DG Sets, pumps, and fans shall ensure that the noise levels from this equipmentare not exceeding 90 dB at 1 m from the equipment. For mitigation of noise, a proper green belt development plan has been formulated, which would further attenuate noise to bring the level down within acceptable levels. Further, the guarantee clause required to be fulfilled by the vendors of equipment regarding noise generation is as follows: Nearby equipment: 90 dB at 1m from equipment under normal operation and control valves in line. Working Environment: Below 85 dB. At the boundary wall: below 60 dB.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 67 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The control rooms shall be provided with acoustic glass walls to protect the workers from higher noise level. As the operational staff shall remain within the control rooms for most of the time, they will be exposed to the higher noise levels for very short duration. During the visits to the areas of higher noise levels, the operational and maintenance personnel will use earplugs as a safety measure. Control of vibration shall be achieved by providing proper foundation and alignment to the vibration generating heavy equipment. Moving parts of equipment and earthmovers shall be properly maintained and lubricated to minimize the generation of noise.
4.6. WATER QUALITY
4.6.1. Construction Phase The likely impacts on water quality during the construction phase may arise from inappropriate disposal of construction waste, and wastewater generated from the construction sites. Likely waste generation from the site will be of domestic waste. However, mitigation measures are proposed as follows:
Mitigation Measures
No vehicle washing or maintenance will be carried out at the site. The domestic sewage will be sent to soak pit. No fresh water will be used for construction and installation activities. Bathrooms and toilets shall be provided for construction labour with proper drainage system at site and labour camp site Loose Raw material and construction debris shall be stored in covered areas and paved areas to avoid direct exposure and mixing with run-off
4.6.2. Operation Phase In pesticide industry main source of water pollution is manufacturing process and use of water in other utilities. The waste water if not properly disposed off, then it can deteriorate the surface water quality of nearby water body. The total water requirement for the plant is 74 KLD and the fresh water demand is 39 KLD which will be source through MIDC water supply. The expected Industrial wastewater generation is 18.5 KLD from MEE; 23 kLD from ETP and and Domestic 12 KLD respectively. Full-fledged wastewater treatment facility shall be installed for the treatment of the effluent generated from the proposed unit. Industrial waste water shall be treated in 4 stage MEE followed by ETP. ETP mainly consist of primary treatment (neutralization), secondary treatment (ASP treatment) and tertiary treatment(Pressure sand and activated charcoal filters followed by RO). The treated water shall be reused within the Plant. Domestic waste water of 12 KLD will be treated in STP and treated water shall be reused in Gardening and washing. Project will be zero liquid discharge project. Following are the mitigation measures proposed to avoid water pollution. Mitigation Measures In case of spills of chemicals, dry adsorbents/cotton should be used for cleaning instead of water Spillage during loading, unloading & storage will be channelized properly to drains Spillage will be managed by detection of leaks in the first place from structures or vessels.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 68 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Spent solvent will be recovered through distillation process Collection of effluent will be in closed pipeline Cushion shall be provided to the materials to prevent chemical container breakage The transportation of the raw material, chemicals & products shall be done in Leak Proof MS Tankers/Drums while transporting through trucks & tempo. All probable leakage areas such as pipelines, joints, pumps and structure of reactor/ storage vessel shall be inspected and maintained proactively. Leak Detector(s) installation are recommended and detailed study over the P&ID of the complex shall be done for proactive control systems.
4.7. SOLID WASTE
4.7.1. Construction Phase Construction activities lead to generation of sand, gravel, concrete, stone, bricks, wood, metal, glass, polythene sheets, plastic, paper etc. as waste. Various operations during the construction activities lead to the varied compositions in the total solid waste stream and affect the site. Excavated topsoil shall be used for backfilling/ greenbelt development & plantation. As soon as the construction will be over, all wastes from the site will be cleared with due care, meeting regulatory requirement, if any. Also, hydraulic oil, fuels and lubricating oils will be used and used oil will be reused for on-site machinery lubrication.
Municipal waste will be minimal as most of construction workforce will come from near areas and no construction camp is proposed. The waste generated will be collected and segregated and will be disposed off suitably. Hence impacts will be insignificant and for short duration only. These impacts will be confined to the construction site only and no adverse impact on the surroundings is anticipated.
4.7.2. Operation Phase There will be generation of different kind of Industrial hazardous wastes from production process and other activities. Process residue, spent catalyst will be generated which are hazardous, which may cause harm if come into contact with skin. sludge and any other waste may cause nuisance if not maintained properly. Unusable and hazardouswaste will be sent to TSDF site while other non hazardoussolid wastes will be segregated in salable and non salable waste. Salable waste will be sold off to approved vendor and Non-salable waste will be sent to land fill.
The waste oil drums will be properly identified with label of what is contained both in local language (Hindi) and English. It will be mainly disposed off by selling to appropriate vendors as per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules 2008 & amendments thereafter. Waste will be packed in ISO approved drums/HDPE bags and as per the specifications of internationally approved vendor. All measures will be taken to avoid littering.
4.8. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Though the concentrations of the emitted pollutants will be kept within permissible levels through the various engineering controls, it is essential to have eco-management in the Likely Impact Zone for safeguard and enhanced of ecological environment of the project area. The
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 69 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
likely impacts and mitigation measures associated with different phases due to various project activities area describes in following Table. .
4.8.1. Construction Phase The site is already developed however site levelling (Excavation and filling up operation) may results in fugitive dust emission. The dust deposition on pubescent leaves of the surrounding vegetation may leads to temporary reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts impact would however be confined mostly to the initial period of the construction phase and would minimized through paving of roads, surface treatment, regular water sprinkling in dust generating areas and greenbelt development. The impact on the ecology of the surrounding area during the construction stage will be insignificant in nature. Greenbelt development along the plant boundary, development of gardens and lawns will mitigate the residual impact on natural resources.
4.8.2. Operational Phase No national park, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve exists within 10 km area of the project. No endangered or rare or threatened plant or animal species was observed within 10 km area of the project site. Nearest forest is Bir sukli RF located about 1.5 km NW of the site. The other forests are Juna Pani RF located about 7.4 km S, Dongargaon RF is about 6.9 km SE and Degma Reserve Forest located about 7.5 km NW of the proposed plant site. The impact on the surrounding ecology during the operation of the project will mainly occur from the deposition of air pollutants. Air pollution affects the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem individually and synergistically with other pollutants. Chronic and acute effects on plants and animals may be induced when the concentration of air pollutants exceeds threshold limits. Particulate emission and other gaseous emissions from the proposed plant are the major pollutant that may affect the ecology of the area. The incremental emission of air pollutants is not likely to induce any significant changes in the ecology because the national ambient air
quality standards will remain within the limits. The incremental MGLC of PM, SO2, NOx, NH3 and HCL generated from the proposed plant will be very less and overall incremental GLC will remains within the NAAQS. Therefore impact of PM,
SO2, NOx, NH3 and HCL emission on the surrounding vegetation will be insignificant.
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4.9. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Positive Impacts due to Proposed New Project Proposed new project will be installed in the existing premises of the MIDC Industrial Estate, Butibori, Nagpur, Maharashtra, so proposed construction and operation will not cause physical changes (of topography, land use and water bodies) in the locality. Proposed new project will affect positively the welfare of local people through direct & indirect employment which will improve the Socio-economic status of the area. Construction workers will mostly be employed from local area. Employment Generation proposed project leads to the employment generation of 250 permanent employees and 150 temporary employees during operation phase. 20-30 no. of temporary employees and 10-15 no of permanent employee during construction phase will be hired. Use of Agro-Chemicals (Insecticides/Pesticides) affects farmer‟s agricultural production patterns through increase in agricultural crop yields in the surrounding areas. Infrastructure development i.e. road & commercial building construction in the area are expected due to proposed project activities. The project will be beneficial to local people as the company progress and expands its activity gradually. The greenbelt area development and tree plantation will help in enhancing the aesthetics of the plant. Increase in monthly/annual per capita income of peoples of the study area. More revenue will be generated to the Government. Negative Impacts due to Proposed New Project Increase in population density in core zone study area due to workforce involvement during construction phase of the proposed project activity. Dust and other emissions are expected during construction phase and local peoples may be affected. Ground water contamination is also expected due to the proposed project activities which would affect the local peoples. Hazardous waste will be generated from the processes and other utilities such as ETP, discarded containers, and expired products, categorized in Pre feasibility report. Improper management of waste material from the proposed activities may affect the local peoples. Soil degradation is expected be due to handling and disposal of waste material during the operation phase. Minor construction and demolition waste will be generated during the construction phase.
Likely air pollutants from proposed project shall be HCl, NH3, & SO2 from various process vents. Due to Noise generation during the construction and operation phase of the proposed project, local people may be adversely affected. Mitigation Measures for Negative Impacts due to Proposed New Project
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 71 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Increase in population density in core zone study area due to workforce involvement during construction phase is only short term impact. Proposed project does not involve any long term dismantling or decommissioning or restoration works. Proposed STP will be used for the treatment of sewage generation at the project site. The ETP sludge will be temporarily stored and treated at the site and further will be disposed at the TSDF site. Hence impact on water quality from the proposed project is insignificant. All constructional wastes would be collected and stored at designated places and would be used in constructional activities and landscaping to the extent possible. Construction and demolition waste will be disposed-off as per C& D rules. Adequate APC equipment like two stage scrubbers, stacks & vents with required height will be provided. Fugitive emissions are also envisaged from proposed project. All the workers will be equipped with PPE‟s and the D.G with facility of acoustic enclosures has been provided to reduce the noise levels. All Machinery Equipment will be such that noise levels will be within CPCB permissible limits. All possible air pollutants will be scrubbed / filtered properly by various pollution control equipment before emitting into atmosphere. The emissions shall confirm the MPCB / CPCB norms
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CHAPTER 5. Analysis of Alternative Site
This chapter presents a comparative analysis of various alternatives considered to avoid or minimize impacts that would be inevitable if technically (based on design) best-fit technology and site are followed.
5.1. Site Analysis Alternative sites have not been considered for proposed project because the project being proposed in the notified industrial estate of ButiboriMIDC, where all common environmental infrastructure facilities are available and also site is well connected to railandroad., Butibori, MIDC master plan is shown in Figure 3. The project is not likely to cause any significant impact to the ecology of the area since adequate preventive measures will be adopted to control various pollutants within permissible limits. Green belt development around the area has been and shall be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative technique.
5.2. Alternative for Technology and other Parameter S.No Particular Alternative Alternative Remarks Option 1 Option 2 1. Site location MIDC Land Private Land The proposed ProjectPlot falls under MIDC Industrial area. Benefits: Easy availability of infrastructure facilities No rehabilitation and resettlement No change in land use pattern. No forest land is involved and no tree cutting is required. Proximity to NH7 highway 2. Manufacturing Automated Manual/ Semi – Preferred automated machineries. Technology machineries automatic Benefits: Increased productivity. Reduce human error. Reduce chances of accidents. Improved quality or increased predictability of quality. Reduced direct human labourcost and expenses Reduce air and noise pollution. 3. Employment Local Outsource Local employment for manpower employment employment as availability in the area. Technical staff will be outsourced if not available locally. Benefits: Provides employment to local people to enhance livelihood of villagers. To increase per capita income of villagers 4. Labour Public Private Local labors will be deployed so they Transportation transport Transport will either reach by public transport,
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 73 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
bicycle or by foot. Also, private transport will be provided by PP for the workers. Benefits: Overall cost of transportation workers will be less. 5. Raw material Local Import from Majority of the raw material will be transportation other countries purchased locally to enhance the value of local market. And the material which is readily not available in India will be imported from othet countries. Benefits: It will give indirect employment Cost Effective. It will give indirect employment. 6. Water MIDC water Borewell water Source of Water supply will be met requirement supply from MIDC Benefits: No change in surface water and groundwater quality, as all the wastewater is treated and recycle at the project site. All the storm water is recycled in process after quality check reducing the surface water supply demand. Road Metallic Road Kaccha road Site is well connected with NH7 highway. And the road connecting highway is well furnished. Fuel Rice Briquette Coal/Lignite/Pet/ Rice Briquettes will be used as fuel coke, etc for Boliers. Benefits: Easy availability. Less expensive Less explosive and cleaner.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 74 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Chapter 6. Environment Monitoring Programme
This chapter presents a monitoring programme for pollution control at source, monitoring pollutants at receiving environment for appropriate notified parameters, specific programme to monitor safety and health protection of workers.
6.1. Introduction Environmental monitoring shall be conducted for the key indicators which are likely to be affected during construction & operation stage of the project.
6.2. Identification of the key monitoring Indicators: Key monitoring indicators are defined as the environmental parameters which may get impacted during different project stages. Key monitoring indicators for project implementation phase with monitoring plan is given at Table 6.1 &6.2 respectively.
6.3. MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGIES 6.3.1. Instruments to be used The following instruments will be used for data collection work in the monitoring schedule: 1. Respirable Dust Sampler, 2. Fine Particulate Matter Sampler (FPS), 3. Digital D.O. Meter Model. 4. Hygrometer 5. Sound Level Meter 6. Micro Meteorological Station 8. Global Positioning System (GPS)
6.3.2. Monitoring Programme The post project monitoring will include details of any major/ minor impact in the core zone and area within buffer zone for the following parameters: - Micro - Meteorological data Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Noise Level Monitoring Routine Medical Check-up – as per DGMS guidelines.
6.3.3. Monitoring schedule The major attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below:-
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 75 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Source emission and ambient air quality; Ground water levels and ground water quality; Water and waste water quality (water quality, effluent & sewage quality etc); Soil quality; Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures and ambient noise levels); and Ecological preservation and afforestation.
Details of the Environmental Monitoring schedule, which will be undertaken for various environmental components, are detailed below:
6.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL Environmental and social management plan is implemented by EHS cell of M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries. During construction period EMP shall be implemented by Contractor which will be supervised by PP. The structure of EHS cell for environmental management for this project is given at Figure 6.1. Roles and Responsibility of the key staff are defined in sections below:
6.4.1. Responsibilities of EMC The EHS Cell shall co-ordinate all related activities such as safety, workers health, and health of surrounding community and prepare statistical records. Responsibilities of EHS cell are as below: i. Environmental monitoring of the surrounding area. ii. Developing and maintenance of green belt. iii. Ensuring water use is minimized. iv. Carrying out the Environmental Management Plan. v. Monitoring hazardous work through work permit system vi. Pre, periodical and post medical check of employees vii. Conducting audiometry test for employees working in high noise area. viii. Regular training to employees on Health, Safety and Environment Topics. ix. Regular monitoring of, stacks, ambient air, noise etc either internally or by appointing external agency and data analysis. Corrective and preventive action, wherever required. x. Hazardous wastes management and handling. xi. Preparation of various reports like environment statement, carrying out environment audit, preparation of water cess returns and various consent applications and renewal under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as well as application for authorization and its renewal
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under Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, and amendment thereof under Environment Protection Act, 1986. xii. To ensure Pollution control equipment‟s of each department is under respective department heads. A team of well-trained and experienced staff should carry out the tests (as desired) in the laboratory.
6.5. Institutional Arrangement UNIVERSAL shall ensure following action items to be complied with throughout the life cycle of the project:
Formulate Environmental Health & Safety Policy Document the organization structure, roles and responsibilities for implementation and for functioning of Environmental Management System (EMS) and Safety Management System (SMS) Procedures. Develop standard operating process and procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environment or forest norms/conditions. Obtain ISO 9001, 14001 and 18001 Certification Carry out regular inspections, monitoring and auditing; Carry out periodical review and issuing amendments; Reporting and communication (including internal and external reporting);
6.6. Documentation & Records An effective system of management is a key technique for ensuring that all pollution prevention and control techniques, monitoring plan and risk mitigation measures are delivered reliably and on an integrated basis. M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries shall operate a formal Environmental Management System, certified EMS/ ISO 14001/ OHSAS 18001 system for the proposed project.PP shall document the Standard Operating Procedures to bring in any deviation / violation of the environmental norms as prescribed. The SOP shall address the system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the Company. The salient features of Environmental Management System (EMS) are listed below:
Effective operational and maintenance systems shall be employed on all aspects of the process whose failure could impact on the environment: Documented procedures to control operations that may have an adverse impact on the environment Define procedure for identifying, reviewing and prioritizing items of plant for which a preventative maintenance regime is appropriate Documented procedure for monitoring impacts Preventative maintenance programme, whose failure could lead to impact on the environment The maintenance system includes auditing of performance against requirements arising from the above and reporting the result of audits to top management.
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The skills and competencies necessary for key posts shall be documented and records of training needs and training received for these posts maintained. The potential environmental risks posed by the work of contractors shall be assessed and instructions provided to contractors about protecting the environment while working on site. Written procedures for handling, investigating, communicating and reporting actual or potential non-compliance with operating procedures. Written procedures for handling, investigating, communicating and reporting environmental complaints and implementation of appropriate actions. Written procedures for investigating incidents, (and near misses) including identifying suitable corrective action and following up The company shall conduct audits, annually, to check that all activities are carried out in conformity with the above requirements. The company shall report and publish annual report on environmental performance, objectives and targets, and future planned improvements. The company shall have a clear and logical system for keeping records of policies, roles and responsibilities, targets, procedures.
6.7. ENVIRONMENT HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY 1 RESPONSIBILITY:
The Company and its members are committed to provide a safe and healthy working environment and comply with all regulations for the preservation of the environment of the territory it operates in during the course of its operations. The Company and its members shall be committed to prevent the wastage of natural resources and minimize any hazardous impact of the development, production, use & disposal of any of its products and services on the ecological environment.
The Company as a responsible corporate citizen shall consider its obligation to maintain highest standards of the environmental management and ensure for all its members, consultants, contractors and customers a safe and healthy environment free from occupational injury & diseases.
The Company & its members shall pursue high standards of safety, health and environmental management as an integral part of efficient management of the business ensuring that all business decisions are taken after considering the safety, health and environmental implications.
2. EHS COMMITTEE:
A EHS Committee shall be constituted with the employees of the Company as members which shall also include its is senior management. The EHS Committee shall be responsible for ensuring safe and healthy environment shall meet at regular intervals. The EHS Committee
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may form various sub-committees for effective monitoring and observance of EHS. The EHS Committee shall inter-alia be responsible for following:
1. Compliance with all legislative requirements pertaining to EHS as minimum standard and where ever appropriate, institute additional measures for Environment, Health & Safety.
2. Exemplary performance in Environmental, Health & safety.
3. Framing of guidelines for EHS in sync with this policy.
4. Review and Revision of guidelines for EHS, whenever required.
5. Dissemination of information regarding EHS amongst members and promoting awareness of EHS by organizing inter department, inter unit competitions and contests throughout the year and specially on the occasion ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY 2 of National Safety day i.e. 4th day of March, National Fire Service Day i.e. 14th day of April and World Environment Day i.e. 5th day of June.
6. Providing at least 4 hours of EHS training to each member, contractors and others who work with the Company.
7. Observation of EHS in all projects/processes wherever they are carried out.
8. Implementation of guidelines laid down from time to time for safe & healthy environment.
9. Encouraging voluntary involvement of members by creating conducive environment.
10. Identifying the hazards and risk associated with activities, if any and take appropriate corrective measures to minimize the impact of same.
11. Promote and maintain open and constructive dialogue with all employees, local communities. Regulatory agencies & other stakeholders.
3. GUIDING FACTORS FOR ENVIRONMENT:
Sustainable development
Monitor, control and upgrade technology to prevent pollution and conserve resources.
All projects and processes shall be designed keeping in view environmental protection as an integral part to achieve sustainable development.
Maximum recycling.
Reduction in use of water consumption.
Additional production of energy from wastes.
Use of treated water inside the factory premises to maintain the plantation of various plants and particularly eucalyptus plants.
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4. GUIDING FACTORS FOR HEALTH:
Medical checkup before admitting any member and regular medical check - up after admission and maintenance of record thereof.
Availability of dispensary 24 hours a day with requisite staff, equipment‟s& necessary medicines to handle any eventuality.
Availability of First Aid Boxes in every department/section and maintenance thereof. Availability of equipped ambulance at all the times to shift the patient to the nearest hospitals in.
Imparting of Health education to members.
5. GUIDING FACTORS FOR SAFETY:
Any accident, however trivial it may be, shall be reported. A team comprising of members of EHS Committee or any sub-Committee thereof shall investigate and find out the probable cause and suggest preventive measures. The recommendations suggested by team shall be implemented. The company and its members shall strive to achieve zero accident on sustainable basis.
Portable fire extinguishers of required type and capacity shall be installed at appropriate places. Members shall be imparted training to operate fire fighting equipment‟s.
Preparation of On-site emergency plans, conducting of regular mock drill and evacuation program.
Encouraging use of personnel protection equipment‟s (PPE) like Head Gear, Caps, Ear Plug/Muff & Dust Mask, Gloves, Safety Belts, Gumboot, and Apron& Goggles etc. However, it will be the responsibility of the members to use the safety gadgets while on duty.
Examination of equipments at regular intervals by internal as well as external agencies.
Dissemination of relevant information to employees relating to general safety, equipment operating safety and cautioning through visual media.
Development of safety culture, enforcement of safety rules and accepted safe practices.
6. IMPLEMENTATION:
Company will adhere to high standards with regard to the implementation of this policy. The Chief Risk Officer shall have overall responsibility for implementing this policy and shall take internal/external approvals wherever necessary. The Chief Risk Officer shall furnish certificate regarding adherence to this policy to Compliance Officer on periodic basis. This shall be
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accomplished by making continuous improvement in our operations and management systems. We will continue to strive for excellence in environmental, health & safety performance.
6.8. BUDGETARY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME On regular basis, environment management cell shall inspect the necessity & availability of the materials, technologies, services & maintenance works. The cell shall make appropriate budget for this purpose. Regular record review for change in financial requirement of environment management shall be done and appropriate budgetary provisions shall be made. With other budget, budget for environmental management will also be prepared and revised regularly as per the requirement. The budgetary allocation for the pollution control and monitoring equipment is given below:
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CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES
This Chapter provides the details about the Risk Assessment, Disaster Management Plan (DMP) and on-site emergency plan as proposed for the proposed project.
7.1. HAZARDS ANALYSIS & RISK ASSESSMENT 7.1.1. Introduction 1. Industrial plants deal with materials, which are generally hazardous in nature by virtue of their intrinsic chemical properties or their operating temperatures or pressures or a combination of these. Fire, explosion, toxic release or combinations of these are the hazards associated with industrial plants using hazardous chemicals. More comprehensive, systematic and sophisticated methods of Safety Engineering, such as, Hazard Analysis and QuantitativeRisk Assessment have now been developed to improve upon the integrity, reliability and safety of industrial plants. 2. The primary emphasis in safety engineering is to reduce risk to human life, property and environment. Some of the more important methods used to achieve this are: Quantitative Risk Analysis: Provides a relative measure of the likelihood and severity of various possible hazardous events by critically examining the plant process and design. Work Safety Analysis: The technique discerns whether the plant layout and operating procedures in practice have any inherent infirmities. Safety Audit: Takes a careful look at plant operating conditions, work practices and work environments to detect unsafe conditions. 3. Together, these three broad tools attempt to minimize the chances of accidents occurring. Yet, there always exists, no matter how remote, probability of occurrence of a major accident. If the accident involves highly hazardous chemicals in sufficiently large quantities, the consequences may be serious to the plant, to surrounding areas and the populations residing therein.
7.1.2. Risk Assessment 4. A three „levels‟ risk assessment approach has been adopted for theM/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries (henceforth Universal) has proposed to setup a greenfield Pesticide plant to manufacture different technical pesticides at Village-Pohi, Tehsil- Hingana, District- Nagpur Maharashtra.The risk assessment levels are generally consistent with the practices encountered through various assignments for medium and large chemical complexes. The brief outline of the three tier approach is given below: Level 1 – Risk Screening
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5. This is top-down review of worst- case potential hazards/risks, aimed primarily at identifying plant sites or areas within plant, which pose the highest risk. Various screening factors considered include: Inventory of hazardous materials; Hazardous Materials properties; Storage conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure); Location sensitivity (distance to residential areas / populace). The data / information are obtained from plant. The results provide a relative indication of the extent of hazards and potential for risk exposure. Level 2 – Major Risk Survey (Semi - Quantitative) 6. The survey approach combines the site inspection with established risk assessment techniques applied both qualitative as well quantitative mode. The primary objective is to identify and select major risks at a specific location in the plant considering possible soft spots / weak links during operation / maintenance. Aspects covered in the risk usually include: Process Hazards; Process Safety Management Systems; Fire Protection and Emergency response equipment and programs. Security Vulnerability; Impact of hazards consequences (equipment damage, business interruption, injury, fatalities); Qualitative risk identification of scenarios involving hazardous materials; Risk reduction measures. Selection of critical scenarios and their potential of damage provide means of prioritising mitigative measures and allocate the resources to the areas with highest risks. Level 3 – Quantitative Risk Assessment (Deterministic) 7. This is the stage of assessment of risks associated with all credible hazards (scenarios) with potential to cause an undesirable outcome such as human injury, fatality or destruction of property. The four basic elements include: i.Hazards identification utilising formal approach (Level 2, HAZOP etc.); ii.Frequency Analysis. Based on past safety data (incidents / accidents); Identifying likely pathway of failures and quantifying the toxic / inflammable material release; iii.Hazards analysis to quantify the consequences of various hazards scenarios (fire, explosion, BLEVE, toxic vapour release etc.).Establish minimum value for damage (e.g. IDLH, over pressure, radiation flux) to assess the impact on environment.
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iv.Risk Quantification: Quantitative techniques are used considering effect / impact due to weather data, population data, and frequency of occurrences and likely hood of ignition / toxic release. Data are analysed considering likely damage (in terms of injury / fatality, property damage) each scenarios is likely to cause. 8. QRA provides a means to determine the relative significance of a number of undesired events, allowing analyst and the team to focus their risk reduction efforts where they will be beneficial most. 9. Universal shall manufacture Pesticides (3600 MT/annum) at the proposed site.Table 7.1 gives the list of products to be manufactured in the proposed Universal project. Table 7.2 gives the list of bulk storages of hazardous raw materials.
7.1.3. Risk Screening Approach 10. Proposed Plant: Risk screening of Universal plant was undertaken through data / information provided by Universal. Data of major / bulk storages of raw materials, intermediates and other chemicals were collected. MSDS of hazardous chemicals were studied vis a vis their inventories and mode of storage. Universal plant will be using number of hazardous chemicals and also producing pesticides chemicals – all hazardous in nature. The chemicals stored in bulk (liquid or gaseous) and defined under MSHIC Rule will be considered for detailed analysis. 11. Hazardous materials have been defined under MSIHC Rules (1989) - 2 (e) which means. (i) Any chemical which satisfies any of the criteria laid down in Part I of Schedule I and is listed in Column 2 of Part II of this Schedule; Toxic Chemicals: Chemicals having the following values of acute toxicity and which owing to their physical and chemical properties, are capable of producing major accident hazards: S. Toxicity Oral Toxicity Dermal Inhalation Remarks No LD50 (mg/kg) Toxicity Toxicity LD50 LC50 (mg/kg) (mg/l) 1 Extremely Toxic >5 < 40 < 0.5 2 Highly Toxic >5 – 50 > 20 – 200 < 0.5 – 2.0 3 Toxic >50 - 200 > 200 - > 2 - 10 1000
Flammable chemicals: (i) Flammable gases; 20 0C and at standard pressure of 101.3 KPa are: Ignitable when in a mixture of 13% or less by volume with air, or; Have a flammable range with air of at least 12% points regardless of the lower flammable limits.
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(ii) Extremely flammable liquids: chemicals which have a flash point lower than or equal to 230C and the boiling point less than 350C; (iii) Very Highly flammable liquids: chemicals which have a flash point lower than or equal to 23 0C and the boiling point higher than 35 0C; (iv) Highly Flammable Liquid: Chemicals which have a flash point lower than or equal to 60 0C but higher than 23 0C. (v) Flammable liquids: chemicals which have a flash point higher than 60 0C but lower than 90 0C. Explosives: Explosive means a solid or liquid or pyrotechnics substance (or a mixture of substances) or an article. a. Which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to surroundings; b. Which is designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these as the result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reaction. (ii) any chemical listed in Column 2 of Schedule 2; (iii) any chemical listed in Column 2 of Schedule 3; 12. Universal will be manufacturing forty eightproducts. Hazard analysis of these products are as given below (Table 7.3). However hazards potential (for damage) of products and other materials to plant personnel, environment and off-site area is different for different materials. Universal will be storing nearlyfourmaterials (in bulk/Tanks) and only three are listed under “List of hazardous and Toxic Chemicals” category under MSIHC Rules, 1989.The raw materials coming under hazardous category as specified by MSIHC Rules, 1989 (including subsequent amendments) is given in Table 7.4 below:
13. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) AEGL-3 is "the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life- threatening adverse health effects or death."
AEGL-2 is "the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape."
AEGL-1 is "the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic no sensory effects.
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14. Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs) The 3 ERPG tiers are defined as follows: ERPG-3 is "the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects."
ERPG-2 is "the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take protective action."
ERPG-1 is "the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing other than mild transient health effects or perceiving a clearly defined, objectionable odor."
15. Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs) TEELs are used in similar situations as the 60-minute AEGLs and ERPGs. However, in situations where the concentration varies over time, the TEEL developers recommend using a conservative 15-minute time-weighted average concentration. A chemical may have up to 4 TEEL values, each of which corresponds to a specific tier of health effects. The 4 TEEL tiers are defined as follows: TEEL-3 is "the maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing or developing life- threatening health effects."
TEEL-2 is "the maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action."
TEEL-1 is "the maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing other than mild transient health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor."
TEEL-0 is "the threshold concentration below which most people will experience no appreciable risk of health effects."
The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines an immediately dangerous to life or health condition as a situation "that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment." The IDLH limit represents the concentration of a chemical in the air to which healthy adult workers could be exposed (if their respirators fail) without suffering permanent or escape-impairing health effects.
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16. None of Universal seven products have been mentioned in MSHIC Rules and as such are not considered hazardous 17. Among the 11 raw materials stored in bulk only four have been mentioned in MSIHC Rules. Two materials namely Ethyl Acrylate and Ethylene Dichloride are Toxic (as per MSIHC Rules) .Cycloheaxne, Methyl Acrylate, Divinyl Benzene and Butyl Acrylate are combustible.
7.1.4. Hazardous Materials Storage 18. The solid raw materials will be received in bags or drums and will be stored inchemicals godowns. The products (liquid or solid) will be packed in drums and stored in product godowns as per market demand. The bulk storages of liquid hazardous materials are given in the Table 7.4. 19. The solid materials powder or granules spillage can results in polluting small area only. The damage to personnel can be through ingress- dermal (if individual come in contact), oral (if individual food gets infected through fugitive dust) or inhalation (fugitive dust). The main route is fugitive dust which incovered area will move to short distance only. 20. The risk is through liquid and gaseous materials which are volatile material. The toxic vapours due to spillage of such material can travel to some distance (as they are stored in covered godowns) and cause damage. The liquid products will be packed in drums (50 / 200 litres drums).
7.1.5. QRA Approach 21. Identification of hazards and likely scenarios (based on Level-1 and Level-2 activities) calls for detailed analysis of each scenario for potential of damage, impact area (may vary with weather conditions / wind direction) and safety system in place. Subsequently each incident is classified according to relative risk classifications provided in Table below as Table 7.5: 22. Assigning a relative risk to each scenario provides a means of prioritising associated risk mitigation measures and planned actions.
7.1.6. Thermal Hazards 23. In order to understand the damages produced by various scenarios, it is appropriate to understand the physiological/physical effects of thermal radiation intensities. The thermal radiation due to tank fire usually results in burn on the human body. Furthermore, inanimate objects like equipment, piping, cables, etc. may also be affected and also need to be evaluated for damages.Table 7.6, Table 7.7 Error!
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Reference source not found.andTable 7.8(below), respectively give tolerable intensities of various objects and desirable escape time for thermal radiation. 24. Thermal hazards could be from fires or explosion. Fire releases energy slowly while explosion release energy very rapidly (typically in micro seconds). Explosion is rapid expansion of gases resulting in rapidly moving shock wave. Explosion can be confined (within a vessel or building) or unconfined (due to release of flammable gases). 25. BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion) occurs if a vessel containing a liquid at a temperature above its atmospheric boiling point ruptures. The subsequent BLEVE is the explosive vaporisation of large fraction of its vapour contents; possibly followed by combustion or explosion of the vaporised cloud if it is combustible. 26. Thermal hazards have been considered for various scenarios including: Fire in inflammable chemicals storage tanks.
7.1.7. Damage due to Explosion 27. The explosion of a dust or gas (either as a deflagration or detonation) results in a reaction front moving outwards from the ignition source preceded by a shock wave or pressure front. After the combustible material is consumed the reaction front terminates but the pressure wave continues its outward movement. Blast damage is based on the determination of the peak overpressure resulting from the pressure wave impacting on the object or structure. Damage estimates based on overpressure are given in Table 7.9 below: In Universal case explosion probability is remote.
7.1.8. Hazardous Materials Release 28. Hazardous materials handled and stored in bulk in Universal proposed complex are toxic Ethyl Acrylate, Ethylene Dichloride, Methylene Dichloride etc.; Inflammable – Cyclo Hexane, Divinyl Benzene etc. (as detailed in Tables 7.3 and 7.4) and many other raw materials as defined in MSHIC rules and indicated in the tables. Some of these chemicals are stored in bulk (in tank farm). 29. Damage criteria: For toxic release the damage criteria considered is IDLH concentration (if data are available). In the absence of non-availability of IDLH, other data like AEGL, ERPG or TEEL will be considered as damage criterea.
7.1.9. Data Limitations
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30. It is also observed that very little data or information (regarding physicalproperties required for modelling) is available for the products and some of the chemicals.
7.1.10. Likely Failure Scenarios 31. Few likely failure scenarios have been selected after critical appraisal of raw materials and storage inventories. Failure scenarios selected are as given in Table 7.10 below:
7.2. QUANTATIVE RISKASSESSMENT&CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS 7.2.1. Preamble 32. In the previous section we have carried out the hazards analysis of the Universalexisting complex considering various aspects including bulk storages of hazardous chemicals, plant process system, plant incidents/accidents records, critical appraisal and discussion at site for soft spots in the plant etc. Based on the hazards analysis six critical scenarios (liquid and gaseous raw materials) have been selected for QRA and consequence analysis. QRA quantifies vulnerable zones for a conceived incident with various levels of severity. Consequence calculations for risk assessment are invariably in terms of percentage of fatalities but for emergency handling, fatalities are of no interest saving lives is the main objectives then. The injury criteria have to be agreed in terms of thermal load or toxic concentration versus exposure duration in the first instance. 33. In consequence calculation, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the physical effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality, injury, material destruction, and other property damage). The risk assessment modelling can be roughly divided into three groups: Determination of source strength parameters; Determination of consequential effects; Determination of damage or damage distances (with specific severity rates)
7.2.1.1 Weather Effect 34. The effect of ambient conditions on the impact of fire / heat radiation and GLC of hazardous / toxic material can be beneficial as well as harmful. A high wind (turbulence) can dilute the toxic material while stable environment can extend the reach of IDLH or IT (inhalation LC50 rats/mouse for products) concentration to long distance. Any inflammable gas / vapour release in turbulent weather will soon dilute the hazardous gases below LEL and thus save the disaster.
7.2.2. Incidents Impacts
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35. The identified failure scenarios (Table 7.11) have been analysed (Using ALOHA and EFFECT Modules) for the impact zones considering damage due to thermal and toxic impacts. Similar impacts are considered for expansion units. Each incident will have Impact on the surrounding environment which in extreme case may cross plant boundary. The impact zones for various scenarios are given in Table 7.11. 36. Templates of Scenario
Template 7.1. Ethylene Dichloride—Toxic Impact Zone [Stability Class ―D‖]
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Template 7.2. Bromine—Toxic Impact Zone [Stability Class ―D‖]
Template 7.3. Bromine—Toxic Impact Zone [Stability Class ―F‖]
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Template 7.4. Diesel—Thermal Impact Zone
7.2.3. Consequential Impacts 37. The consequential impacts from each incident scenarios can be though thermal, over pressure wave and toxic route. The damage can be on plant personnel (and neighbouring residents in case incident crosses boundary), property and also loss in production.
7.2.3.1 Thermal and Explosion Hazards 38. Incidents involving thermal hazards are mainly due to heavy DIESEL spillage and fire. The impact (1st degree burn) is limited to 21 m only (i.e. within plant boundary). However the consequences can go to worse if the incidents lead to domino effect to other tanks.
7.2.3.2 Toxic Hazards 39. Toxic hazards are mainly due to Bromine, Ethylene Dichloride, DMF andMethanol. The impact may cross the plant boundary in case of Bromine only (if not controlled in time). The impact due toBrominewill go to 189 m (stability Class F only). Only plant personnel are likely to face impact depending upon wind direction.
7.2.3.3 Other Hazards 40. The other hazards in the plant include (but not limited to): Other toxic hazards due to acids / other toxic spillages (mainly limited to spillage area only.). Mechanical hazards due to machines / equipment. Hazards due to individual soft spots like walking casually and noticing a pit and falling or colliding/ stumbling or slipping (not noticing a wet place etc.).
7.2.3.4 Other Toxic Hazards 41. Acid spillage-its impact will be limited to spillage area. The spillage if comes in contact with metal parts will produce hydrogen which is highly flammable gas. Any person moving in area and getting splash will get the injury. In addition the spillage will cause pollution problem. The spillage is to be collected and neutralized for toxic contents before disposal.
7.2.4. General Control Measures 42. Since some of the substances in use at Universal are hazardous with fire potential and also toxic in nature, it is necessary to use appropriate control measures recommended for such substances:
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7.2.4.1 Flammable Gas Fires 43. Fire control generally consists of directing, diluting and dispersing the inflammable gas/vapor to prevent contact with persons, to prevent it from infiltrating structures if the leak is out door, and to avoid its contact with ignition sources while, if possible, simultaneously stopping the flow of gas. Water in the form of spray, applied from hoses or monitor nozzles or by fixed water spray system may act as a good carrier fluid for inflammable vapours/gases.
7.2.4.2 Commonly Recommended Control Measures 44. A number of preventive control measures for hazardous occurrences have been analysed and discussed above. Some more salient points are enumerated below: All storage tanks in the tank farm should be dyked. Other operation and maintenance features shall be based on established best safety practices. Concentration detectors for hazardous chemical vapours (e.g. organic solvents/chemicals etc.) fire Smoke / heat detectors and fire alarm should be installed at all strategic locations in the plant. A schedule for preventive maintenance including health survey of all plant equipment should be adhered to as far as possible. Ensure the absence of ignition sources in storage area. Ensure placement of fire fighting facilities, such as, carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder and foam type fire extinguishers in addition to fire hydrant system, at strategic locations. Spill control measures, such as, removal of all ignition sources from the spill area and ventilating the area as well as soaking the spilled material with paper, towel or mud and letting the volatile substance evaporate slowly in a safe area. Compulsory use of protective clothing, non-sparking tools and warning signs during critical operations and maintenance. Training / refresher courses on safety information‟s / norms. Eyewash and showers should be put up at strategic places for use during emergencies. 45. A group of plant personnel should be trained in first aid, rescue, fire fighting and emergency control measures. These personnel will form core group/emergency squad who will fight the emergency and also act as rescue and first aid team. 46. In order to ensure communication from isolated places/locations Walkie-Talkie be made available to persons working in these areas. This will considerably improve the effectiveness of emergency management. 47. There is no substitute for training-mock drills and these must be held at regular interval keeping the following objectives in mind: Real time mock-drill should be carried out for probable/likely hazardous situation (after the plant is successfully commissioned). Target to be set up for various tasks and events during an emergency. Weak links should be marked and corrective action taken to improve effectiveness during emergency.
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Universal team already understand the implication and hazards in fertiliser industry and has implemented most of the measures in the sister organisation existing plants. 7.2.5. Occupational Health and Safety 48. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) are of prime importance more so in hazardous industries. Industries have various types of hazards and QRA is carried out to understand the hazards potential from various incidents. Pre-emptive steps can be planned to safeguards from likely causes. Some of the frequent causes of accidents: . Fire and explosion: explosives, flammable material . Hazards from Toxic Materials . Mechanical Hazards such as: . Being struck by falling objects . Caught in between machine parts . Snapping of cables, ropes, chains, slings . Handling heavy objects . Electricity Hazards o Electrocution o Short circuits and consequential fire. o Poor illumination etc. Other Hazards: . Falls from height inside industrial units or on the ground . Struck by moving objects;Slipping on wet surfaces . Sharp objects . Oxygen deficiency in confined spaces; Lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), housekeeping practices, safety signs . Consequential hazards due to extreme Temperatures; . Consequential hazards due to vibration . Consequential hazards due to radiation; . Many more hazards. 49. Hazardous substances and wastes Heavy and toxic metals Lack of hazard communication (storage, labelling, material safety data sheets) Batteries, fire-fighting liquids Welding fumes Volatile organic compounds (solvents) Inhalation in confined and enclosed spaces 50. Ergonomic and psychosocial hazards Many of the hazards are as result of working environment. Repetitive strain injuries, awkward postures, repetitive and monotonous work,excessive workload Long working hours, shift work, night work, temporary employment (Long working hours, shift work, night work, temporary employment,Mental stress, human relations) which results in less attention at work place and consequential incidents and accidents.
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Lack of education and training / awareness is another prime cause of accidents. 51. Considering above, QRA analysis and also the nature of activities at Universal the following steps for OHS activities have been suggested: Employee‟s health check-up:pre-employment and periodic check-up during employment. The health check-up observations should be informed to employees. The health should include any impact due to hazards at work place including (but not limited to) due to noise, heat, illumination, dust, any other chemicals, metals being suspected in environment and going into body of workers either through inhalation, ingestion or through skin absorption and steps taken to avoid musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD), backache, pain in minor and major joints, fatigue etc. Training and refresher courses on safety to all employees. Employees should be made aware of the hazards in the plant and the preventive actions to be safe from such hazards. Response to Injuries:Based on a survey of possible injuries, a procedure for response to injuries or exposure to hazardous substances should be established. All staff should have minimum training to such response and the procedure ought to include the following: Immediate first aid, such as eye splashing, cleansing of wounds and skin, and Bandage etc. Immediate reporting to a responsible designated person If possible, retention of the item and details of its source for identification of possible hazards. Medical surveillance Recording of the incident Investigation, determination and implementation of remedial action
52. Emergency Facilities:Universal does not need DMP or Emergency Management Planning as per norms (MSIHC Rules). However Emergency facilities should be developed considering the likely hazards in the plant and sincerely implemented. Mock drills for various scenarios should be carried out and results of the drills should be recorded. Weak links in the mock drills should be strengthened. 53. Universal will have a well-equipped first aid post. It will also have staff personnel trained in first aid. Injured personnel will be immediately rushed to hospital after giving first aid. All employees will have regular medical checkup as per norms. 54. A sample DMP is attached for reference. 55. An emergency vehicle / ambulance will always (round the clock) available for meeting any eventuality.
7.3. Conclusion &Recommendations 56. The hazard analysis and risk assessment of few possible selected incident scenarios indicates that such incidents mostly are not limited to plant battery limits and have
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impact on adjoining plants. There are possibilities of domino effect and the secondary scenario not predictable can be worse than the primary one. No scenario (either thermal or toxic hazards scenarios) are crossing the Universal plant boundaries. The direction of impact will be in down wind direction (wind direction and speed varies with season). 57. Some of the recommendations for Tank farm storage system are as given below: Provision of flame detectors/ thermal sensor sat strategic locations in the tank farm area. Auto water deluge system on each bulk storage tank for inflammable liquids. The system should automatically start taking signal from flame detectors or thermal relay. Fixed foam system with adequate capacity. 58. Toxic Hazards are due to Hazardous organic chemicals. Regular „Hazard Survey‟ ensures the detection of leakage in the plant. 59. Hazardous chemicals spillage/ leakage can have adverse impact in large area and also in areas outside the Universal battery limit. In house „capability building‟ to attend hazardous scenarios is to be taken up through mock drills.. 60. Human Factors: Universal should have well equipped fire station and also safety department – safety practices. Human factors role in safety cannot be ignored. Odd hours working and over / long hours work can drain out individual. It shows in lack of efficiency and also the lack of apt attention the modern chemical complex demand. They are to be closely looked into and avoided. 61. „Safety‟ has unique features: a. If no accident has happened so far probability of incident / accident occurring increases. b. „No accident‟ / good safety record develops complacency inertia/ over confidence in the team. This attitude gives rise to gaps / soft spots in the system giving chances to incidents / accidents. c. Safety requires novelty. Routine training practices get stale with no positive results. Look for novel scheme of training/ safety practices to build up fresh impetus in safety. Involvement of employees with refreshed outlook for safety is to be achieved.
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CHAPTER 8. Project Benefits
Proposed project will need to offer statewide social, environmental, and economic benefits that are greater than the capital and operating costs of its implementation.
8.1. Introduction M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries has proposed new Pesticide plant at Butibori Industrial estate, village pohital: Hingana, dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra).
8.2. Importance of Pesticide Plant The proposed products range having good demand in the Market & as per market survey by the company there is a less supply of the products against its demand, to overcome this shortage & to bridge demand-supply gap, the company proposed to have this expansion.
At 180 million hectares, India holds the second largest agricultural land holdings in the world. Agricultural GDP has increased at a rate of 3% between 1980 & 2012 which makes India the third largest agricultural producer by value right behind China & the United States. With more than half the population dependent on agriculture as the chief source of income, the agricultural sector is yet to realize its full potential in terms of bringing in efficiencies along the value chain- increasing yields, processing & exports. The contribution of the agricultural sector to the GDP is a mere 13.9 %.
8.3. Market Scenario The proposed products range are having good demand in the Market & as per market survey by the company and there is a less supply of the products against its demand. To overcome this shortage & to bridge demand-supply gap, the company have proposed to have this project.
At 180 million hectares, India holds the second largest agricultural land holdings in the world. Agricultural GDP has increased at a rate of 3% between 1980 & 2012 which makes India the third largest agricultural producer by value right behind China & the United States. With more than half the population dependent on agriculture as the chief source of income, the agricultural sector is yet to realize its full potential in terms of bringing in efficiencies along the value chain- increasing yields, processing & exports. The contribution of the agricultural sector to the GDP is a mere 13.9 %.
8.4. Imports vs. Indigenous production: Based on the current cost of indigenous raw materials, it will make us very competitive against imported finished products and we will be able to increase the export of our finished products.
India imports agrochemicals mainly from China (55%), USA (11%), Germany (6%) and Israel (5%). China also sources India most of the raw materials needed to manufacture agrochemicals. In the current financial year there has been an increase in exports of insecticides and herbicides by 18.9% and 20.5% respectively. Fungicide imports have fallen by 2.6%.
8.5. Demand Supply Gap
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Based on in-official survey of M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries, the market with current customers and various traders, company has found that there is a big potential for the range of the products proposed at the plant. These products are versatile products as far as pesticide application is concerned.
The global population currently stands at 7.2 billion, and is expected to rise to 9.3 billion by 2050. This will lead to an increased demand for food. The dietary needs in emerging countries will change as economy grows. To meet the food & nutrition needs of a growing population requires a sustainable approach that puts thrust on increasing productivity against the background of lower yields & decreasing farm sizes. It requires a push from all stakeholders – the farmer, the government and the agrochemical/agro industry collectively so that the changing needs of the society are met. Around 25% of the global crop output is lost due to attacks by pests, weeds and diseases which doesn't augur well for farming given the critical challenges ahead and thus agrochemicals have an increasing role to play.
8.6. Export possibility As per market survey by the company, these proposed products are having a domestic as well as export market due to its demand in India and the foreign countries for different types of pesticides like organic pesticides, agriculture pesticides, herbicide, insecticide etc.
The export of pesticides from India has seen a strong growth over the last few years. Globally, India is the thirteenth largest exporter of pesticides. Most of the exports are off-patent products. The major exports from India happen to Brazil, USA, France and Netherlands. The key growth drivers are India's capability in low cost manufacturing, availability of technically trained manpower, seasonal domestic demand, overcapacity, better price realization globally and strong presence in generic pesticide manufacturing (India has process technologies for more than 60 generic molecules).
8.7. Domestic/Export Markets According to the global perception, there is very good possibility of export of the products.
8.8. Social Developmental Activities: 1. Employment Potential and socio-economic benefits
The proposed project will lead to direct employment to employment generation of 250 permanent employees and 150 temporary employees during operation phase. 20-30 no. of temporary employees and 10-15no. of permanent employee during construction phase will be hired. Training programs will be set up for the development of local community as per the work requirement. Induced secondary development in the area. Increased cash flow and stimulation of local economy within the host communityand localized economic benefits from materials supplies by local contractors Training and skill development of the local population for their better livelihood. Indirect business opportunities to the local people shall be available during theconstruction as well as the operation phase
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Development in housing, electrification, medical, health sector will improve. Enhancement in infrastructure facilities and utilities further improving the livingconditions in general. It will result in improvement in the economy of the local vendors.
2. Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) or Environment Social Commitment
As the proposed project is new so as per OM released by MoEF&CC towards Corporate Environment Responsibility dated 1st May 2018, it will dedicate 2% of the project cost towards CER. The CER plan with budget to be spent in 3 years is shown in Table 8.1.The intention is not onlyearning profit but also to improve human development index.
8.9. Benefits to Government Revenue Establishment and operation of the proposed project will contribute significantly to the revenue of the state and central governments in the form of different types of taxes like sales tax on inputs, outputs and fuel, income tax of employees, excise duty on the product, service tax, etc.
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Chapter 9. Environment Cost Benefit Analysis
This chapter defines the benefits on Environment due to the proposed project.
Environment Cost Benefit Analysis studywas not recommended at the scoping stage, therefore.Universal has not done the cost Benefit analysis but dedicated the cost for Environment Management Plan and Corporate Environment Responsibility against the total cost of the project which will positively lead company to be benefited with the cost of proceeding with the project.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 100 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
CHAPTER 10. Environment Management Plan
This chapter provides mitigation and control measures to attenuate or eliminate environmental impacts, which are likely to be caused by the proposed project. An Environmental Management Plant (EMP) has been developed to mitigate the potential adverse impacts and to strengthen the beneficial environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases. In addition to that during the operation phase, theindustry will have an additional responsibility to comply with the statutory requirements as per the guidelines of Central/ State Government.
10.1. Introduction The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is synthesis of all proposed mitigation and monitoring actions, set to a time frame with specific responsibility assigned and follow-up actions defined. EMP is a plan of actions for avoidance, mitigation and management of the impacts associated with construction and operation stages of the project. A detailed set of mitigation measures have been compiled in view of the likely impacts associated with the proposed project.
10.2. Objectives of EMP The EMP consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken up during the design, construction and operation stages of the project. The EMP has been designed keeping in view of the regulatory and other requirements to ensure the following:
Minimum disturbance to the environment and social components Compliance with the environmental acts, rules and guidelines of the GoI& maintaining the quality of air, water, soil and noise as per the prescribed norms by regulatory bodies. Compliance to the Operational Policies and Guidelines of the Funding Agency Conservation of natural resources to the extent possible Enhancement of Project benefits for Society & Environment Sustainable development and operation of project
10.2.1. Central Pollution Control Board {CPCB} Guide Lines for Pesticides Industry CPCB in its publication “Probe/97/2002 - 03”- ‘Environmental Management in Selected Industrial Sectors Status / Needs’, which also includes Pesticides sector has brought out suggestions / recommendations and norms for pesticides units. The suggestions / recommendations and norms as applicable to proposed pesticide project and their compliance status are detailed below:
10.3. Design Considerations Government of India has made many legislations/rules for the protection and improvement of environment in India. Various environmental legislations/rules applicable to the proposed project facilities are as follows.
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- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, amended up to 1991 - The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, amended upto 2008, schedule 1, S.No.3 - Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules, 2002 - Environment (Protection) fifth Amendment Rules, 2009, schedule VI, part D, Item III, s.no.6 - Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2012 - The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, amended 1992 - The Public Liability Insurance Rules, 1991, amended 1993 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, as amended upto 1988. - No. 19 of 2003, [17/3/2003] - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess(Amendment) Act, 2003. - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1977 as amended upto 1992 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1978 as amended upto 1992. - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Rules, 2011. - The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, as amended upto 1987. - The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) (Union Territories) Rules, 1983 - Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2008, amended up to 2009. - Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 (Amendment) Rules, 2000. - Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, amended up to 2010. - Common Hazardous waste Incinerator rules, The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, amended upto 2008, schedule 1, s.no.100 - E Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 - The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 Proposed expansion project shall be designed taking into account the above-referred legislations/rules and as per the directives of Environmental Clearance documents. Besides this the proposed effluent and emission standards will also be compiled for this Project. During the design stage, all piping and instrumentation diagrams and plant layout shall bereviewed as a part of HAZOP studies to assess the risks involved. The specific control measures related to gaseous emissions, liquid effluent discharges,noise generation, solid wastes disposal etc. are described below.
10.4. Environment Management Plan Considering the market demands, M/s Universalis planning to set up a greenfield Pesticide project. Major activities associated with the proposed project are during construction and operation phase of the project. A detailed environmental management plan for each activity of Pre-construction, construction and operation phases are prepared. EMP lists the activities involved along with environmental impacts associated with each activity, suggestive impact mitigation measures, and implementation plan covering monitoring and supervisory responsibilities.
The environmental management plan is included as Table 10.2. In order to effectively manage the environmental management (including social management) of the project, CER plan, greenbelt development plan, Solid Waste Management Plan; Occupational Health Management Plan, Budget for Environmental Management Plan has-been prepared separately and integrated with EMP. These shall be followed for effective implementation of the EMP.
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10.5. Green Belt Development Ecological base line surveys in the core and buffer zones, reveals no exceptional features of wildlife interest. The survey based on following criteria.
Table 10.1 Ecological criteria & Observations
In order to mitigate and minimize the environmental impacts, arising due to project especially from air pollution, noise pollution, soil erosion etc. the Greenbelt development in the area delineated can provide the best mitigation option. The green canopy not only absorbs some of these pollutants as carbon sink but also improves the aesthetic environment, besides attenuating the noise levels.
Universal Agroshall develop 5-10 m wide greenbelt (as space available) all around the plant premises. As per CPCB/MoEF guidelines 33% (approx 4177 m2) of the total land area i.e 12500 m2 shall be kept as greenbelt.
10.5.2. Development of Greenbelt The strategy worked out for development of green belt consists of following:
The species selected should be capable of growing fast, The species should be wind firm and long lived. Broad leaf trees growing above 10 m in height should be planted along the roads, offices and infrastructure facilities. The species should form a dense crown cover. The species should form a litter in abundance on the plantation floor. Generally local/indigenous fast growing trees/ shrubs should be planted. For protection against biotic interference thorn fencing around the plantation, circular trench around the planting pit and sown with fast growing thorny shrubs on the ridge should be followed.
10.5.3. Guidelines and Techniques for Green Belt Development Based on environmental conditions suitable indigenous plants species shall be planted under green belt development plan. The requirement of plants sapling for development of green belt shall be made from the nearby forest nursery. The soil characteristics shall also be kept in mind. As advance work the area to be planted shall be demarcated and pit locations marked. Pits shall be dug out and semi-filled with good and loose weathered soil before planting with the commencement of good monsoon rains sometime in month of July. The digging operation of the pit should be completed before the end of June so as to allow thoroughly weathering of the dugout soil. Prior to the commencement of the rains, pits shall be refilled with the dugout soil and FYM added. Planting shall be done when heavy showers causing run-off occurs sometime between July and August. The saplings should be 9 to 12 months old. Immediately after planting the pits shall be watered with 20 litres / pit and in case of failure of rainfall it should be watered @ 20 litres / pit at fortnight interval. The mortality of plants has been considered @ 20% and re-digging of pit should be carried out before replacement of the individual plant.
Precautions During Plantation Some important precautions should be taken during the plantation, which are as under:
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Indigenous species recommended should be planted in sufficient numbers to increase their population size in the area. Multipurpose species should be planted in large numbers.
Selection of species for plantation:The species selected under this plantation will be moderately high, good foliage bearing and are able to trap dust and noise. The following species have been proposed for plantation under green belt. (Table 10.4).
10.5.4. Greenbelt Budget UniversalAgrowill developed a dense greenbelt in about 4177 m2 (approx33% ) area within the plant. About 1200 trees/ha shall be planted. On an average about 500 trees along with some herbs shrubs shall be planted within the premises as a greenbelt. The capital cost for Greenbelt development (5 year budget) of the project is estimated to be Rs 15.20 Lack. The yearly greenbelt budget for the proposed plant is discussed in following.
10.6. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan The proposed project falls under MIDC Butibori Industrial Area hence no R & R issues are involved with the project.
10.7. Resource Conservation/ Waste Minimization UNIVERSAL has proposed to take adequate resource conservation measures in the proposed plant. Key steps which are proposed in the project are as follows:
Reuse of Treated Sewage/Effluent water as make up water in the plant. Recycle and reuse of process wastewater after treatment; to reduce the fresh water consumption. Reuse of by-product in the process
Additional key measures taken for natural resource and energy conservation are as given below:- Used oil will be stored in covered storages / hard flooring to preventanycontamination in soil/ ground water. Proper scheduling of preventive maintenance of critical machines will minimize used oil generation. Energy efficient drives / LED lights to be used. Reduction of lighting power consumption by optimum use of electrical lights in plants by installing timers. Use of variable frequency drive in plant. Enough care will be taken to prevent/minimize energy losses at each stage. Period Energy audit will be done. Zero liquid discharge will be maintained for reduction in fresh water consumption.
Also, use of Energy Efficient Lighting, Transformers, HVAC system, Use of Energy Efficient
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Motors, electrical appliances to minimize the energy consumption in addition to Process Planning. 10.8. Facilities for Employees Company will give preference to local people (Skilled People) for employment. The Company is more concerned for the safety and health of its people, including the larger community outside of the company and the environment as a whole. All employees will be trained to work on sites in the safest possible manner and shall be made aware of the consequences of unsafe act. Company will also provide the shelter, safe drinking water, sanitation facility. The company will allocate adequate budget for safety and Occupational health management of the employees.
10.9. Occupational Health Plan A detailed risk analysis and its mitigation plan has been prepared, where-in the identification of the anticipated occupational health and safety impact and its control by employing a detailed mitigation planning by comparing the already anticipated impacts during the design and operation stage of the project and providing a separate plan to cater in case if it differs from original. Apart from the occupational exposure, mitigation plans for various activities and work areas of hazards, following administrative control measures shall be followed. All the employees will be trained for EHS policies. Routine health check-up will be done for the employee. detailed risk hazards and occupationa healt plan is dicussed in Chapter- 7 of EIA report.
10.10. Rain water Harvesting System All administrative buildings of the project will have roof top rainwater harvesting systems in place. Arrangement for collection and diversion of rainwater falling on the roof/terrace of administrative buildings will be made.
The storm water drainage from the site will be separate and shall be discharged to common MIDC drain line of the industrial area. Hence, the storm water will not discharged in any water body.
Saving of even small drop of water can make considerable saving in wider spectrum over a period of time & will also be helpful in creating awareness for water conservation amongst people. It also improves our input water quality.
10.11. Budget for environmental management plan Total estimated Project cost is Rs 17.7 Cr for proposed project. The cost on environmental system will be Rs 163 Lakhs, details are given in Table 10.6 and budget for Occupational Health & Safety plan is given in Table 10.7.
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CHAPTER 11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 11.1. Project Description 11.1.1. Introduction and Background Project Highlight M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries (henceforth Universal) has proposed to setup a greenfield Pesticide plant to manufacture different technical pesticides at Plot IC 50 of ButiboriIndustrial Estate Village-pohi, Tehsil- Hingana, District- Nagpur Maharashtra. The total 48 products; 13-Insecticides, 17-Herbicides & 18-Fungicides are proposed to be manufactured at the site and total capacity of plant will be 3600 MTPA. The total cost of the project will be Rs17.7 Crore. M/s Universal Agro Chemical has already purchased 12500 m2 plot (in MIDC area) for proposed development. the land allotment letter is enclosed as Annexure IV. Out of the total plot area, about 4177 m2 land will be allocated for the greenbelt development and plantation. The new plant will be designed with the basic concept of green chemistry with modifications to optimize energy utilization and with significant reduction of manual interface. The site is located about 5.0 km south east of the Butibori town.
11.1.2. Project Categorization As per the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and amendments thereof, proposed Pesticides project falls under category “A” and Section 5(b) of its schedule.
11.1.3. Project Location Proposed plant site is located at Village-Pohi, Tehsil - Hingana, District - Nagpur Maharashtra. The site is located about 5.0 km south east of the Butibori town.The site is well connected to NH-7 at 7.26 km east through village road. Nearest Railway station is Butibori Railway Station at 8 km from the project site.
11.1.4. Project Description M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries is proposing a new Pesticide Manufacturing unit of Capacity: 3600MT/Annum.( Insectides-13 nos, Fungicides-18 nos, Herbicide-17 nos, By- products, Intermediates). List of products and associated by-products to be manufactured at the site are mentioned below:
List of products with capacities
Total Sr. Name of Products CAS no. End Use Capacity No MT / Annum
Diafenthiuron 80060-90-9
Thiamethoxam 153719-23-4 3600 MTA ( Either Buprofezin 69327-76-0 Pesticides & individual or Insecticides Pymetrozine 123312-89-0 total of all 48 Imidacloprid 138261-41-3 products) Bifenthrin 82657-04-3
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Total Sr. Name of Products CAS no. End Use Capacity No MT / Annum Acephate 30560-19-1 Thiophanate methyl 23564-05-8 Acetamiprid 135410-20-7 Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 Fipronil 120068-37-3 Thiacloprid 111988-49-9 Chlorantraniliprole 500008-45-7 Tricyclazole 41814-78-2 Azoxystrobin 131860-33-8 Hexaconazole 79983-71-4 Ciproconazole 94361-06-5 Metalaxyl 57837-19-1
Metalaxyl M 70630-17-0
Prothioconazole 178928-70-6
Difenoconazole 119446-68-3 Tebuconazole 107534-96-3 Fungicides 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol 13226-35-2 Copper Oxychloride 1332-65-6 Picoxystrobin 117428-22-5 Myclobutanil 88671-89-0 Flubendiamide 272451-65-7 Epoxiconazole 135319-73-2 Bixafen 581809-46-3 Propineb 12071-83-9 Isopyrazam 881685-58-1 Clodinafop-Propargyl 105512-06-9 Pretilachlor 51218-49-6
Bispyribac sodium 125401-92-5 Herbicide
Quizalofop-P-ethyl 100646-51-3
Metribuzin 21087-64-9
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Total Sr. Name of Products CAS no. End Use Capacity No MT / Annum Imazethapyr 81335-77-5
Aclonifen 74070-46-5
Clomazone 81777-89-1 Glufosinate 51276-47-2 Metsulfuron methyl 74223-64-6 Sulfosulfuron 141776-32 Tembotrione 335104-84-2 Atrazine 1912-24-9 Oxyfluorfen 42874-03-3 Metamitron 41394-05-2
2,4 d ethyl ester 533-23-3
Penoxsulam 219714-96-2
Total 3600
Details of By-products & Intermediates Sr Name of By product MT/Annum By product from- No. 1. 20-30% NH3 sol. Diafenthiuron. Glufosinate Hexaconazole ,Lambda cyhalothrin, Metalaxyl, Permethrin, Buprofezin, 3- phenoxy benzaldehyde, Propiconazole, Thiamethoxam, 2. 30-35% HCl sol. Bifenthrin, Myclobutanil, Thiacloprid, Metalaxyl m, Transfluthrin, Thifluzamide, Pretilachlor, Butachlor, 3600 Imazethapyr, Sulfosulfuron 3. Ammonium Chloride Tricyclazole, Metamitron Aluminium chloride 4. Hexaconazole hexahydrate 5. Methane sulfonic acid Metalaxyl m Pymetrozine, Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Metalaxyl, , Thiophanate methyl, Profenofos, 6. Sodium chloride Chlorpyrifos, Atrazine, Metamitron, Bispyribac-sodium, Clomazone, Oxyfluorfen,
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Sr Name of By product MT/Annum By product from- No. Penoxsulam 7. Nitrobenzene Buprofezin Difenoconazole, Diafenthiuron, 8. Potassium Bromide Tembotrione Flubendiamide, Clodinafop- 9. Potassium chloride propargyl Clodinafop-propargyl, 10. Potassium fluoride Penoxsulam Potassium 11. hypophosphite Hexaconazole (KH2PO2 salt) 12. Potassium sulfate Hexaconazole , Tebuconazole 13. Propanoic acid Glufosinate 14. PTSA Quizalofop-p-ethyl 15. Sodium Acetate Glufosinate 16. Trifluoroacetic acid Pymetrozine Metalaxyl m, Metribuzin, Copper 17. Sodium Sulphate Oxychloride, PICOXYSTROBIN, 18. Acetic Acid Epoxiconazole Chloro(oxo)acetic 19. Tembotrione acid 20. SnCl4 Bixafen Total max 3600
Total Sr. Name of Intermediates CAS no. End Use Capacity No MT / Annum 1. AMBT (Tricyclazole Intermediate) 1477-42-5 2. HMBT (Tricyclazole Intermediate) 20174-68-9 Valerophenone (Hexaconazole 61023-66-3 3. Intermediate) Oxirane (Hexaconazole 88374-07-6 4. Intermediate) Agrochemicals/ 3600 1,2,4 Triazole (Hexaconazole 288-88-0 Pharma 5. Intermediate) Methyl 2-N-(2,6 Dimethyl phenyl) 6. 52888-49-0 Alaninate (Metalaxyl Intermediate) 2-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(1,1- 7. dimethylethyl)-oxirane 80443-63-6 (Tebuconazole Intermediate)
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Total Sr. Name of Intermediates CAS no. End Use Capacity No MT / Annum Propargyl chloride (Clodinafop- 8. 105512-06-9 Propargyl Intermediate) 2,6 Di ethyl N-2 (propxyethyl) 9. 61874-13-3 aniline (Pretilachlor Intermediate)
Total 3600
11.1.5. Project summary S. No. Particular Details 1. Plot/Survey/Khasra No IC-50 2. Village MIDC Butibori Industrial Estate 3. Tehsil Hingana, 4. District Nagpur 5. State Maharashtra 6. Latitude 20°57'9.48"N 7. Longitude 78°56'24.01"E 8. Products Pesticides/Insecticides; Herbicides/Fungicides/Intermediates and Byproducts 9. Land Area The proposed project is located in MIDC Industrial area, Butibori. Total plot area is 12500 m2Approx. 33.5% i.e 4177 m2 of the total land will be kept for greenbelt and plantation.
10. Project cost The total cost of the projects shall be Rs17.7 Cr 11. Water Requirement Total water requirement- 74 KLD Proposed Freshwater requirement- 39 KLD 12. Source of water Water requirement will be sourced from MIDC Water Supply.
13. Status of permission Already applied for the water supply from MIDC 14. Waste Water Generation Waste water generation from High TDS/COD stream will be 18.5 kLD, and from Low TDS/COD will be 23 kLD.
Domestic waste water generation will be 12 kLD.
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15. Treatment Facility Domestic waste water treated in STP And industrial effluent will be treated in ETP following Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) scheme.
16. Employment Generation During construction phase : Temporary employees : 20-30 Permanent employee:10-15 Operation Phase: Temporary employees : 250 Permanent employee:150
17. Defense Installations None 18. Ecological Sensitive Areas/ None except following Forest blocks: Protected Areas as per Wildlife 1. Bid Sukli Reserved Protection Act 1972 (National Parks forest(1.26km,NW) 2. 2 Protected forest(7.40km,NW) / Wild life sanctuaries / bio-sphere 3. Protected forest(8.84km,W) reserves / tiger reserves) 4. Degma Reserved forest(6.65km,NW) 5. Dongargaon and Injoli Reserved forest(7.38km,SE) 6. Junapani Reserved Forest(7.30km,S) 7. Protected forest(9.62km,SW) 19. Reserved / Protected Forest Following Forest blocks present within study area: 1. Bid Sukli Reserved forest(1.26km,NW) 2. 2 Protected forest(7.40km,NW) 3. Protected forest(8.84km,W) 4. Degma Reserved forest(6.65km,NW) 5. Dongargaon and Injoli Reserved forest(7.38km,SE) 6. Junapani Reserved Forest(7.30km,S) 7. Protected forest(9.62km,SW)
20. Water Bodies Following water bodies present within the study area: 1. Vena River(4.31km,E) 2. Krishna Nalla(3.67km,S) 21. Nearest National Highway/ Other Local Road(0.01km,E) Road NH-7(7.26km,E) 22. Nearest Rail Head Butibori Railway Station ~8 km SE Gumgaon Railway Station ~10 km NE
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23. Nearest Airport Dr. Baba Sahib Ambedkar International Airport ~18 km NE
24. Nearest Town/ Tourist Place Butibori, 5 Km SE 25. Nearest Village Wateghat,2.22km,S Tembhari, 2.32 km, E
11.2. Environmental Aspects Air Pollution The major gaseous emissions which will generate inside the plant are usually from manufacturing processes and DG set. The impact on air quality due to the operation of the proposed project will be mainly due to the following sources:
Emission of particulate matter from the boiler stacks and DG sets, gaseous emissions (NH3, HCl, SO2, NOx) from boiler stacks, process stacks and DG sets Fugitive emissions The control measures employed for controlling air pollution are Two stage scrubbers, inbuilt internal cyclones and bag filters to control the emissions to atmosphere. The emissions from stack will confirm to the regulatory requirement. Stack and vent of adequate height for all the process plant and D.G.Sets. Reuse of dust separated from internal cyclones separator, Bag filter and from dust collector in process. Rice husk briquette ash and other by-products generated during manufacturing process will be sale to end users or TSDF. Ash management plan is enclosed as Annexure IX.
Water Pollution In this project, water would be required for industrial use, domestic &greenbelt development purposes. There will be some wastewater generation from the industrial process, the waste water generated from the processes, floor washing, will be treated in ETP and recycled back in the processand the domestic waste water will be treated in STP and Zero liquid discharge system will be maintained.
Table 11.1 : Influent Generation Source and Quantity S. No Influent Generation Source Infuent Quantity (m3/day.) 1 Process and washings 20.21 2 Boiler blow down 1.92 3 Cooling tower blow downs 5.16 4 Brine Plant 0.95 4 Domestic (canteen and toilets) 12 5 Hot water unit Blow-down 7.6 Source: UNIVERSAL
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Effluent Treatment Procedure & ETP 35.8 m3/day liquid effluents generated from the proposed Pesticide plantwill be collected & treated in MEE &ETP respectively and the treated water will be recycled back into the system. Domestic Sewage water will be treated in proposed sewage treatment plant (12 m3/day) and treated water will be recycled in process as instructed by the pollution control board.
Noise Pollution The plant will have various rotating machines including granulators, dryers, coolers, blowers, vacuum pumps, process pumps, etc. along with DG sets, which will generate noise. These machines will be provided with appropriate control measures to maintain the noise levels within limits.
Waste Generation There will be no major source of hazardous waste generation due to the proposed project that would be causing harm to the environment, as major solid waste is rise husk briquette ash and By-product and hazardous wastes are ETP Sludge & used oil which will be disposed as per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 and its amendments. Rice husk briquette and by-products will be sold to nearby end users or TSDF.
11.3. Description of the Environment Site Characteristics The proposed project involves the production of technical grade pesticide along with formulation unit.The Plant is located at Plot No. IC-50, MIDC Industrial Area, Butibori, district Nagpur, Maharashtra. Proposed site is well connected to national highway-7 (Mancherial-Chandrapur-Nagpur Road) through Salaidhaba-Gumgaon road, which is passing close to eastern boundary of the proposed site. National Highway-7 is passing about 7.26 km east of the proposed site. Nearest railway station is ButiBori railway station located about 8 km from site in south-east direction. Gumgaon railway station is located about 10 km north-east of the site. Nagpur railway station is located about 26.74 km away from the site. Nearest airport is Babasaheb Ambedaker International airport at Nagpur located about 18 km north-east from site. The site is located in industrial area and the nearest settlement to the site is Wateghat village located about 2.22 km South and Tembhari about 2.32 km east of the site. Krishna Nala and Vena River are the main surface water bodies located within the study area. Vena River is flowing about 4.31 km east of the project site and Krishna Nalla is flowing about 3.67 Km south of the project site. There are no environmentally sensitive components such as National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Elephant / Tiger Reserve, migratory routes of fauna and wet land present within 10 Km radius of plant site. However, there are few patches of reserve forests are present within the study area. Nearest forest is Bid sukli RF located about 1.26 Km NW of the site other forests are JunaPani RF located about 7.30 Km S,Degma Reserve Forest located about 6.65 Km NW and Dongargaon and Injoli Reserved forest located about 7.38 Km SE of the proposed plant site.
Topography and Meteorology: The topography of the proposed site is flat terrain and the elevation of the site ranges between 296 to 306 m above the sea level.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 113 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Temperature –December, January and February constitutes winter months with daily mean minimum temperature around 7.8°C and daily mean maximum temperature around 46.1°C. May is the hottest month with maximum temperature at 45.6°C and January is the coldest month with minimum temperature at 8.8°C. Relative Humidity–The air is generally moist in the region and relative humidity is high throughout the year. The lowest humidity is observed for the Month April. The humidity level ranges between 33 - 85% during morning time and in evening time humidity level is 19%-76%. Rainfall–The annual total rainfall is 1100.3 mm. Over 83.58% of the total annual rainfall is received during the June to September. Cloud Cover – In the study area, clear weather prevails in most of the time during post monsoon, winter and summer seasons. Only during monsoon months of June, July, August and September, moderate to heavy clouds are observed. Wind Speed–The annual mean wind speed is 6 km/hr in Nagpur (sonegaon) district. Pre- dominant wind direction in the area is N, NE. Wind Direction– The predominant wind direction at Nagpur is from North, West and North west direction during summer and monsoon season while in winter season the wind blows from North and North East direction. Seismicity: Based on tectonic features and records of past earthquakes, a seismic zoning map of India has been prepared by a committee of experts under the auspices of Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS Code: IS: 1893: Part I 2002). As per Seismic map of India the study area falls in Zone-II (Low Damage Risk Zone).
Soil: Brown colour soils are observed in the study area. Texturally the soils of study area are observed as Clay Loam Soils. The Bulk Density of the soils was found in the range of 1.29 to 1.41 gm/cm3. Water Holding Capacity of study area soils was observed as 29.8 to 31.4%. The results show Permeability values were found to vary from 0.23 to 0.33 cm/hr under Clay Loam textured soil in the study area.
Water: Eight ground water samples and four surface water samples were collected from different locations around the site during study period. The water samples were examined for physicochemical parameters and bacteriological parameters.
Observations on Ground Water Quality: The pH value of drinking water is an important index of acidity or alkalinity. PH value of the sample varies from 6.8 to 7.74 in all locations, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The pH of the entire sampling site is slightly basic in nature. Electric Conductivity levels in Ground water vary from 682 to 1120 µmho/cm and for Supply water vary from 348 to 380 µmho/cm. Total dissolved solids range in Ground water from 446 to 760 mg/l and for supply water it varies from 240 to 260 mg/l. which is within permissible limit. The total hardness is an important parameter of water quality. The hardness values in ground water of the study area ranges between 280 to 520 mg/l and for supply water range 168-172 mg/l. which is well within the permissible limit.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 114 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The calcium values in ground water and Supply water varybetween 70-128 mg/l and 45-51 mg/l respectively. The calcium values in both ground water and supply water of the study area are well within the specified permissible limit of Indian drinking water standard. The magnesium values in ground water and supply water varybetween 21.8-48.5 mg/l and 10.8-14.2 mg/l respectively. The magnesium values in ground water of the study area are well within the specified permissible limit of Indian drinking water standard The chloride values in ground water of the study area ranges between 50 to 98 mg/l and for supply water the ranges between 30 to 34 mg/l .which is well within the permissible limit. No biological and metallic contamination has been found in any of the ground water sample of the study area. Overall the parameters in ground water sample were well within the permissible limit of Indian Standard IS: 10500-2012. Observations on Surface water Quality:Surface water quality was analysed against the Designate Best Use Criteria by CPCB. The quality of water matches with the category D and thus the water body is fit for propagation of wildlife and fisheries.
Air Quality: AAQ monitoring was done at eight locations within the study area considering dominant wind direction, populated area and sensitive receptors.
3 Particulate Matter (PM10): The highest PM10 level were found at Butibori(120 µg/m ) and 3 lowest PM10 level was found at Wadgaon(47 µg/m ). While the mean conc. of all location 3 ranges between 63-106 µg/m . The PM10 level in butibori is slightly higher because most particles form in the atmosphere as a result of complex reactions of chemicals such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which are pollutants emitted from power plants, industries and automobiles in butibori industrial area and in rest overall location, the values are well is within permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 100µg/m3
3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5): The highest PM2.5 level was found at Butibori (65 µg/m ) and 3 lowest PM2.5 level was observed a wadgaon(21 µg/m ) while the mean conc. of all location 3 ranges between 29-56 µg/m . The PM2.5 level in butibori is slightly higher because most particles form in the atmosphere as a result of complex reactions of chemicals such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which are pollutants emitted from power plants, industries and automobiles in butibori industrial area and in rest overall location,the values are well within permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 60µg/m3
3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): The highest SO2 level were found at Butibori(15.1µg/m ) and lowest 3 SO2 level were found at wadgaon(5.1µg/m )while the mean conc. of all location ranges 3 between 7.0-12.2 µg/m . The SO2 level in all the monitoring locations is within permissible limit i.e. NAAQMS level 80µg/m3
3 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx): The highest NOx level was found at Butibori(24.4 µg/m ) and 3 lowest NOx level were observed at wadgaon(8.2 µg/m ) while the mean conc. of all location ranges between 12-19.4 µg/m3.The NOx levels in all monitoring location are under permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 80µg/m3
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 115 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
3 Ammonia: The highest NH3 level was found at wateghat(25 µg/m ) and lowest NH3level were observed at wadgaon(9 µg/m3) while the mean conc. of all location ranges between 12-20 3 µg/m .The NH3levels in all monitoring location are under permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 400µg/m3. CO: The levels of CO observed in the study area to be in the range of 0.36 -0.7 mg/m3. The CO level in all monitoring location are under permissible limit i.e. NAAQS level 4 mg/m3.
Noise: : As there is no any major source of the noise except vehicules and some industrial activities, the ambient noise quality of the study area is within the prescribed National Ambient Noise Quality Standards prescribed for industrial (Standards - 75 dB(A) during day time and 65 dB(A) during night time) residential area (Standards - 55 dB(A) during day time and 45 dB(A) during night time) and commercial area (Standards - 65 dB(A) during day time and 55 dB(A) during night time).
Traffic Proposed site is well connected to national highway-7 (Mancherial-Chandrapur-Nagpur Road) through Salaidhaba-Gumgaon road, which is passing close to eastern boundary of the proposed site. National Highway-7 is passing about 7.26 km east of the proposed site. Traffic count study was undertaken near the NH-7 and local road near the site, because most of the material movement will be performed through this road, the result shows there shall be no change in LOS of the connecting roads due to proposed project.
Biological Environment There are no environmentally sensitive components such as National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Elephant / Tiger Reserve, migratory routes of fauna and wet land present within 10 Km radius of plant site. However, there are few patches of degraded reserve forests are present within the study area. Nearest forest is Bir sukli RF located about 1.26 km NW of the site other forests are JunaPani RF located about 7.30 km S and DegmaReserve Forest located about 6.65 km NW,Dongargaon and Injoli RF located about 7.38Km SE and 4 other protected forest location located at 7.40Km, 8.84 Km and 9.62 Km respectively of the proposed plant site.
The majority of the important reserve forests in the study area were confined to the hilly region and falling under the category of “Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests” as per Champion and Seth‟sclassification. Forest in the study area further categorized as under: Dry Teak Forest – 5A/C1 (poor Quality teak forest present in Hingna range) Open Mixed Forest – 5A/C3
Proposed site is located in an industrial area no major vegetation is present on the site. common herbs and shrubs are present on the site. The immediate surroundings of the proposed site the common Trees like Acacia catechu (Khair), Acacia nilotica (Babool), Ziziphus mauritiana (Bor), & Prosopis juliflora (vedibabool) were sparsely distributed along with commonly found herbs and shrubs.
Demography:
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 116 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
According to Census 2011, the District Nagpur has total population of 46,53,570 persons comprising of 23,84,975 males and 22,68,595 females.The decadal variation in the population of the District was observed as 14.4% during 2001-11. The District shows a density of population of 470 persons /sq. km, whereas it is 157 for rural and 6582 for urban respectively Sex Ratio was observed as 951 females per 1000 males comprising of 945 & 954 females per 1000 males for rural and urban part of the district. The literacy rate of the District was observed as 88.4% while it is 81.9% for rural and 91.4% for urban area in the district. As per the Census records 2011, about 75% of the District population are Hindus and Buddhists constitute about 14.4%. Remaining population consists of Muslims (8.4%), Christian (0.7%), Jain (0.5%) and Sikhs (0.4%). A review of Basic infrastructure facilities (Amenities) available in the study area villages has been done on the basis of the Field survey and Census records, 2011 for the study area inhabited revenue villages of 3 tehsils namely Nagpur (Rural), Hingna and Umred underNagpur District of Maharashtra. The study area has good level of basic infrastructure facilities like educational, medical, potable water, power supply, and transport & communication network. Entire study area is predominantly rural except 2 main towns namely Bori (CT) of Nagpur (Rural) tehsil and Takalghat (CT) of Hingna tehsil respectively.
11.4. Anticipated Environmental impactsand mitigation measures
The activities involved in site preparation will be site clearance of the project site, cutting and uprooting of shrubs, earthwork excavation etc. The development of site will also involve the removal of top soil, removal of shrubs, soils, etc. As the topography of the land is almost flat, there will be very minimum cutting and filling required for setting up of the plant and no filling material from outside is required. Hence, there will be very limited impact on the land environment due to the proposed project.
Air Quality The main sources of air pollution due to the operation of the plant are the process stack, boiler stack, thermic fluid heater and Hot water generator stack. The DG set stacks were not taken as the emissions from the DG sets will be intermittent. For the proposed project, computations of 24-hour average ground level concentrations were carried out using AERMOD model version 9.8.1, which is a recommended model by USEPA for prediction of air quality from point area. Description Concentration, µg/m3 PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx HCl HBr NH3
Maximum Rise in 0.132 0.108 0.112 0.369 2.3x10-02 0.0028 3.4x10-02 GLC Distance of 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 occurrence )mk( Direction of SW SW SW SW SW SW SW Occurrence
As is evident from the table and discussion above, there will be no adverse impacts on the surrounding area (all pollutants post project GLC will be well within NAAQS norms except PM10 at Wateghat where due to high baseline value of PM10 and PM2.5, the cumulative is reaching above the prescribed norms and at locations Project site, Kathangdhara , and AmgaonDeoli after adding incremental GLCs, the cumulative is reaching towards the
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 117 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
prescribed norms. It is observed that at these locations, the incremental GLCs are very less but the existing baseline monitoring values at these locations are very high which is contributed mainly by Industrial and commercial activities and traffic movement (vehicular emissions), re- suspended dust from paved and unpaved roads and open uncovered areas. At the project site, highly efficient air pollution control systems will be adopted to mitigate particulate matter as well as gaseous emissions in the ambient environment. Noise During operational phase, the noise generated within the pesticide complex due to operation of various rotating equipments will be localized and it is not expected to significantly impact the noise levels at the plant boundary. Only impact which can be expected during this phase is increase in light passenger vehicles and moderate increase in buses carrying operating personnel to the plant. However, this impact is intermittent and during certain time periods only. The impact due to operation of the plant will be restricted within the plant limit and is a concern for work place environment rather than for the residents of the area. Comprehensive measures for noise control at design stage will be followed in terms of noise levels specifications as per Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) standards, to mitigate the impact on noise environment.
Water Resources and Water Quality Source of raw water for existing and proposed expansion from Narmadathrough pipelines will have impact on surface water. However the impacts will be marginal considering availability of water in Narmada river; Additionally, the effluent which is generating from the existing unit and which will be generated in expansion phase will be recycled back to process after treatment. The domestic waste water generated at the site is treated in STP and as instructed from pollution control board, the treated water is recycled back to process. The rain water collected in storm water drains from roof and paved areas of existing project site is sent for quality check and recycled in process, which result in reducing the fresh water demand. It is estimated that after expansion the total runoff expected from the roof and the paved areas of project site will be 31725.96 m3/annum, which will recycled in process after quality check and hence will reduce the per day water demand by 6%.
Land Use The present project is a greenfield project of M/s Universal Agro Chemical Industries. Land Acquisition is not involved in this project. Land is alloted by MIDC Butibori.More than 33%of the land will be utilized for greenbelt development, which will help in enhancing the aesthetic environment of the area.
Biological Environment The impact on the surrounding ecology during the operation of the project will mainly occur from the deposition of air pollutants. Air pollution affects the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem individually and synergistically with other pollutants. Chronic and acute effects on plants and animals may be induced when the concentration of air pollutants exceeds threshold limits. No national park, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve exists within 10 km area of the project. No endangered or rare or threatened plant or animal species was observed within 10 km area of the project site hence impact on RET species is negligible.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 118 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
The treated effluent shall be recycled and re-utilized within the premises for de-dusting and maintenance of green-belt. Thus, no impact on the aquatic ecology is envisaged.
Demographic and Socio-economic The proposed expansion will lead to direct employment to 126 persons and indirect employment to 150 persons like transportation, contractual labour for loading/unloading of materials and unskilled labour. The industrial growth of the region will help in infrastructure development in the area. It will also generate income for government through taxes. Overall this project will have positive impacts on socio-economic environment of the area.
11.5. Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental monitoring plan will be implemented as per regulatory requirement to comply the necessary compliances.
Project Cost & Environmental Protection cost Total estimated Project cost is Rs 4200 lakhs for expansion phase. The cost on environmental system in expansion phase will be Rs 46.67 and recurring cost will be 5.10 lakhs.
11.6. Additional Studies Hazards Analysis & OHS None of the products in proposed expansion project are coming under MSIHC Rules. UNIVERSAL will be using a number of raw materials but only few are stored in bulk and few chemicals are listed under “List of hazardous and Toxic Chemicals” category under MSIHC Rules, 1989. Among the 11 raw materials stored in bulk only four have been mentioned in MSIHC Rules. All four raw materials namely (HCl (gas), Oleum, Sulphur Trioxide, Methanol) are Toxic. Only one namely Methanol is inflammable also. Petroleum products hazardous in nature is LDO/HSD. The solid raw materials will be received in bags or drums and will be stored in chemicals godowns. The products (liquid or solid) will be packed in drums and stored in product godowns as per market demand. The solid materials powder or granules spillage can results in polluting small area only. The damage to personnel can be through ingress- dermal (if individual come in contact), oral (if individual food gets infected through fugitive dust) or inhalation (fugitive dust). The main route is fugitive dust which in covered area will move to short distance only. The risk is through liquid and gaseous materials which are volatile material. The toxic vapours due to spillage of such material can travel to some distance (as they are stored in covered godowns) and cause damage. The liquid products will be packed in drums (50 / 200 litres drums). Occupational health surveillance of all the employees will be carried out periodically as per regulatory requirements. In addition, following measures will be implemented: All the employees will be trained for EHS policies. Periodically medical examination is being carried out of all employees once every year. Work zone monitoring in every month at 4 locations. Safety display boards provided throughout the plant. Fire extinguisher audit at regular interval. PPE adherence.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 119 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Proposed plant will be implemented and certified for Occupation Health Safety Management System (OHSAS 45001:2018)
11.7. Project Benefits Corporate Environmental Responsibility The proposed project shall further strengthen its commitment on CER investment for overall upliftment of socio economic index of the communities around the project site by way of financial and administrative support. The project will open large employment opportunities, directly and indirectly. There shall be opportunities for entrepreneurs to engage in many service sectors directly or indirectly associated with the project. As the existing unit was not falling under EIA notification, 2006, so no cost was dedicated under CER activities. But as a part of Corporate Social Responsibility, the client has done few activities. The UNIVERSAL will dedicate 1% of the project cost (proposed for expansion unit) towards CER.
11.8. Environment Management Plan Air Environment In order to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts due to the construction and operation of the proposed project following measures will be taken: Construction Phase: Wind breaks i.e barricading around construction site. However, the boundary wall is already constructed at existing plant Water sprinkling shall be done at regular interval in dust generating areas. Providing suitable surface treatment to ease the traffic flow and regular sprinkling of water will reduce the dust generation. Aggregates and sand will be stockpiled at suitable places (after stabilizing the surface), near the boundary wall so that the wall acts as windshield. Necessary water sprinkling arrangement will be provided around the stockpiles and used whenever necessary to make them moist. Cement and steel will be stocked inside covered sheds. Construction equipment having „Pollution Under Control Certificate‟ will be deployed during the activity to restrict the exhaust emissions. Stack height shall be provided to DG set as per CPCB norm Operation Phase (Fugitive Dust): Cyclone Separators, Ventury Scrubbers shall be installed to control the fluoride emission. Ash collection system shall be provided to control PM emission. The rock phosphate is proposed to be transported under cover truck only. Covered conveyer system with dust collection system at transfer points Water spraying shall be done for dust suppression in dust generating areas/ roads. Adequate stack height is provided in DG as per CBPCB guideline. Greenbelt will be maintained to attenuate the air pollution. Proper personal protective equipment will be provided to the workers. All the trucks being used for transportation of raw material and final product shall be checked for "Pollution under Control" certificate prior to their entry to the plant premises
Noise Environment
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 120 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Construction Phase: The construction activity will be carried out mostly during daytime. The construction equipment will undergo preventive maintenance test at routine intervals. Any machinery or equipment generating excessive noise levels (above 90 dBA) will be taken out of service and replaced by new ones. The noise generation will be confined within the plant premises. Workers exposed to noise will be given personnel protective equipment like nose masks, face shields and ear plugs. Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons Temporary noise shields shall be provided all around the heavy noise making activities. Noise monitoring shall be carried out to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures and develop a mechanism to record and respond to complaints on noise. Job rotations will be practiced for workers, working in noisy environment. Protection devices (earplugs or earmuffs) shall be provided to those workers who cannot be isolated from the source of noise and reducing the exposure time of workers to the higher noise levels by rotation.
Operation Phase Procurement of equipment meeting prescribed noise standards will be done. Sufficient engineering control during installation of equipment and machineries is to be ensured to reduce noise levels at source. Acoustical Enclosures with Very high transmission loss rating are strongly recommended for Gas turbines. Minimum Transmission Loss rating should be at least 30 dB for Gas turbine Acoustical Enclosures; Room Acoustical Treatment can be done to the Compressor-House walls from the inside; Removable acoustical blankets can be effective and economical in reducing the noise level of the pumps; All Safety valves in the steam lines should be installed with In-Line silencers with insertion loss rating of 25 dB or more, in order to reduce the noise generated due to the operation of Safety valve; Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) like ear plugs/muffs is to be given to all the workers at site and it will be ensured that the same are wore by everybody during their shift; Ducts to be treated with Acoustical lining from the inside, with Duct silencers incorporated in-line to reduce the duct and vent noise; Temporary new approach road can be constructed, if required, for smooth and hassle free movement of personnel; Proper and timely maintenance of machineries and preventive maintenance of vehicles is to be adopted.
Water Environment Construction Phase: Wastewater arising from site offices, canteens and other washing facilities shall be disposed and treated in existing STP present at the project site.
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 121 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Oil separator / interceptor will be provided near vehicle parking site, workshop and canteen to prevent the release of oil and grease into drainage system. The oil and grease separators will be cleaned on regular basis.
Operation Phase: The effluent generated in expansion phase will be treated in the ETP already existing at the project site assuring that the ETP will be sufficient to treat the waste water 165 m3/day. The domestic waste water generated at the site is treated in STP and as instructed from pollution control board, the treated water is recycled back to process. The rain water collected in storm water drains from roof and paved areas of existing project site is sent for quality check and recycled in process, which result in reducing the fresh water demand. It is estimated that after expansion the total runoff expected from the roof and the paved areas of project site will be 31725.96 m3/annum, which will recycled in process after quality check and hence will reduce the per day water demand by 6%.
Biological Environment Construction Phase: Dust generation due to construction activities be confined mostly to the initial period of the construction phase and would be minimized through paving of roads, surface treatment, regular water sprinkling in dust generating areas and green area. Proper drainage network shall be developed and storm water shall be channelized through sedimentation basins to control suspended solids. However, for major part of the year during construction phase, no significant impact is expected, as the no. of days with heavy monsoon are limited. All project activities shall be undertaken with appropriate noise mitigation measures to avoid disturbance to human as well as faunal population in the region. Activities generating high noise shall be restricted to day time and will be mitigated to minimize the noise level outside the site boundary. Movement of construction and transport vehicles shall be restricted to dedicated paths to minimize any harm to small mammals/ reptiles within the site. General awareness regarding wildlife shall be enhanced through putting signage, posters, among the staff and labourers. Dense greenbelt has been already developed in existing unit further it will act as a barrier to dust and noise.
Operation Phase: The project is planned with most efficient air pollution control systems for achieving air emissions norms, so that the impact on nearby ecosystem are minimized. Most of the fugitive dust emission generation points are also fitted with efficient air pollution control systems (Plant de-dusting systems). Water sprinkling / dry fog type system will be used at material handling points to suppress the generation of fugitive dust. No waste water shall be discharge outside the plant premises. The treated effluent shall be recycled and re-utilized within the premises for de-dusting and maintenance of green-belt. All the solid and hazordous waste shall be disposed as per the norms
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 122 Proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
CHAPTER 12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. is one of the leading Environmental Consultancy having accreditation in more than 17 sectors. We have experience of more than 20 years in the field of environmental consultancy services with providing services all over India and in the neighboring countries Sri- Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Saudi Arabia and Abu Dabi in the sectors like Building Construction and Area Development, Inland Waterways, Metro and Railways, Highway Bridges, Wind and Solar Power, Industrial, Due Diligence, Cement Projects, Mining Projects, and Many more.
We also have experience of working on various projects which are funded by bilateral and multilateral funding agencies like World Bank, ADB and IFC etc.We have enormous experience of working on various Building constructions and Area Development Projects We have the team of well experienced and qualified professional who are capable of undertaking titanic projects with easy.
The EQMS is a NABET accredited A Category consultant and is authorize to carryout EIA study for 5 (b) – A category projects also as per schedules. Therefore, EQMS India Pvt Ltd. has been accorded work of carry out environment impact assessment of the proposed New Pesticide Plant at Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra). The key person deployed for the project is listed below:
PK Srivastava,having total 30+ years of working experience and worked as EIA coordinator and Risk Hazard expert on various projects related to Pharmaceutical industries, Fertilizer and Pesticide projects. Tendered advice on several environmental matters to the company and their clients. Represented the company at the MoEF Expert committee meetings and State SEAC meetings for presenting the EIA reports and successfully obtained environmental clearances to various projects.
Function Area Expert:
Mr. RatneshKotiyal (EC and FAE-EB), Deputy General Manager accredited FAE by NABEThas worked in the current projectasan Ecology and Biodiversity expert. He has over 17 years of experience in EIA and is technical group head for EIA related activities and infrastructure projects.
Mr. Anil Kumar (FAE-LU and SE), Deputy Specialist, NABET accredited A category Expert for Socio-economic and Land use, has vast experience in carrying out GIS basedstudies and social impact assessment for various types of industries &infrastructure projects. He has provided technical assistance throughout the project and co-ordinate the field activities during assessement.
Mr. Sanjay Kumar Jain (FAE (AP, WP, SHW, RH)Technical Director of EQMS having more than 33 years experience to carry out the various impact assessment studies of various industrial, infrastrcutre projects and carry out various multinational bilateral and multilateral world bank funded project.
Empanelled Expert:
EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 123 Proposed Pesticide Plant at Plot no. IC-50 Butibori Industrial Estate, Village Pohi Tal: Hingana, Dist: Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Mr. Sanjeev Sharma (FAE AQ NV) has more than 20years experience in carrying out EIA studies for various types of AQ and NV related projects.
Mr. Hardik Patel (FAE Geo) has more than 10years experience in carrying out EIA studies for various types of Geologyrelated projects.
Mr. Yamesh Sharma (FAE Hydrogeology) has more than 40years experience in carrying out EIA studies for various types of hydrogeology related projects.
Mr. Dipil K Pandey (FAE NV) has more than 30years experience in carrying out EIA studies for various types of noise & vibration related projects.
Team Members
Mr. Kapil Singh (AP & NV)B. Tech (Environment), having experience of 3 years in carrying out the various studies of EIA like Air Environment, Noise Environment & provides his assistance to carry out the EIA studies in various construction and Industrial Projects. He provides technical assistance during discussions and field work for the projects.
Ms Sweta Shah (EIA Coordinator and FAE NV,AQ,AP,SHW) having 10 years of experience shares her valuable information in the functional areas and technical assistance during discussions and field work for the projects.
Ms Sweta Gupta (Approved FAE NV,WP, and FAA AQ,SHW) - M.Tech. in Environment Engineering, Post Diploma In Environment Law and policy.having 6+ years of experience in carrying out EIA studies for various types of industries, residential & commercial projects. She shares her valuable information in the functional areas and technical assistance during preparation of EIA report and co-ordinate the field activities during and the discussions with the clients and consultants involved..
The remaining team members too have the experience of working on various aspects of EIA studies. All have the site experience for collection of the environmental data and have prepared EIA/EMP report.
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