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Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae Morfologia, comportamento, parasitismo e mecanismos de defesa dos imaturos 277 Morfologia, comportamento, parasitismo e mecanismos de defesa dos imaturos de Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) Luis Anderson Ribeiro Leite1, Mirna Martins Casagrande1 & Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke1 1Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba-PR, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT. Morphology, behaviour, parasitism and mechanisms of defense of the immatures of Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Heraclides anchisiades capys is a common species among the Papilionidae, whose larvae feed on various species of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae). In this study the morphology and data on natural history of the immature stages of this species are described with illustrations, including photos in scanning electronic microscope. KEYWORDS. Bionomy; life cycle; Neotropical; Papilionoidea. RESUMO. Morfologia, comportamento, parasitismo e mecanismos de defesa dos imaturos de Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Heraclides anchisiades capys é uma espécie comum de Papilionidae, cujas larvas se alimentam de várias espécies de Citrus spp. (Rutaceae). Neste estudo são descritas a morfologia e dados sobre a história natural dos imaturos através de ilustrações, incluindo fotografias em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. PALAVRAS–CHAVE. Bionomia; ciclo de vida; Neotropical; Papilionoidea. De acordo com Dias (2006), na grande maioria dos Assim, o propósito do trabalho foi caracterizar lepidópteros do Neotrópico os imaturos são desconhecidos morfologicamente os imaturos e registrar aspectos do ou então parcialmente descritos, com informações apenas comportamento, mecanismos de defesa e parasitismo de sobre a larva de último ínstar, pupa e planta hospedeira. Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner, [1809]), buscando Hasenfuss & Kristensen (2003) consideram os imaturos e contribuir para um enfoque comparativo com os demais seus aspectos morfológicos como instrumentos de importância Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea conhecidos. crucial para o estabelecimento das relações filogenéticas. Casagrande & Mielke (2005) ressaltam a importância do MATERIAL E MÉTODOS conhecimento dos imaturos para estudos de taxonomia de Lepidoptera em seus níveis superiores e suas relações. Ovos foram trazidos de Rio Natal, São Bento do Sul, Segundo Stehr (1987) a família Papilionidae possui Santa Catarina, logo após a postura, juntamente com a planta imaturos relativamente bem conhecidos por conter espécies hospedeira Citrus sp.. A manutenção em laboratório foi feita conspícuas, cujas larvas são confiavelmente associadas aos em gaiola de criação, sobre papel absorvente até a eclosão, adultos, assim como nas espécies de Saturniidae, Sphingidae sendo que a umidade foi mantida por borrifos diários de água e Nymphalidae. mineral. Alguns poucos estudos abordaram aspectos referentes As larvas foram mantidas em gaiolas de criação e aos imaturos das espécies Neotropicais de Papilionidae observadas periodicamente, sendo que os galhos de Citrus (D’Almeida 1922; 1966; Penz & Araújo 1990; Tyler et al. sp. foram trocados diariamente ao mesmo tempo em que se 1994) e especificamente à Heraclides anchisiades capys fazia a limpeza das gaiolas. No último ínstar, as larvas foram (Hübner, [1809]) (Oliveira & Urban 1977; Lopes et al. transferidas para casa de vegetação e mantidas em plantas 1979; Bastos 1980; Mota & Bastos 1980) e para Heraclides jovens envasadas até a formação das pupas e emergência dos anchisiades idaeus (Fabricius, 1793) Young et al. (1986), adultos. portanto realmente escassos. Para cada fase do desenvolvimento foram preservados três Também são incomuns dentro de Papilionidae estudos indivíduos. As larvas foram sacrificadas em água fervente, que abordem detalhadamente aspectos morfológicos e fixadas em líquido KAHLE-DIETRICH por três dias e então comportamentais dos imaturos, e que vêm a ser dados de transferidas para álcool 70%. As cápsulas cefálicas obtidas a grande importância taxonômica, como os apresentados cada mudança de ínstar foram mantidas a seco em recipientes em outros artigos que abordam estes aspectos em outros plásticos. Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea (Comstock & Vázquez 1961; Exemplares foram descritos e fotografados a cada novo Casagrande 1979; Young 1985; Silva et al. 2006; Souza et al. evento, com o auxílio de câmera digital, técnicas de fotografia 2006; Kaminski et al. 2008). em automontagem e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 54(2): 277–287, junho 2010 278 Leite et al. desenhos das estruturas foram feitos através de microscópio Quetotaxia da Cabeça estereoscópio acoplado à câmara clara. (Figs. 21, 22, 28) Para as estruturas da larva utilizou-se principalmente a terminologia de Stehr (1987), e para as pupas a de Dias Vinte pares de cerdas primárias, excluindo aquelas (2006). Em ambos os casos, com modificações frente aos pertencentes ao labro. trabalhos clássicos e outros mais recentes que abordam a Grupo Clipeal (C): C1 diminuta e próxima à linha mediana morfologia dos imaturos (Mosher 1916; Peterson 1962; sagital da cabeça; C2 maior e próxima à margem ventral do Casagrande 1979; Scoble 1992; Paim et al. 2004). clípeo. Grupo Frontal (F): F1, cerda única neste esclerito, próxima RESULTADOS à sutura epicranial; poro Fa na mesma altura de F1 e próximo da linha média sagital. Aspectos Morfológicos Grupo Adfrontal (Af): Af2 dorsal à AF1 na adfronte, Ovo ambas apresentando o mesmo comprimento; poro AFA não (Figs. 5−7) observado. Grupo Anterior (A): A1 dorsal à antena, situada Esférico, sem ornamentações e com face inferior plana medianamente entre o estema 4 e a adfronte; A2 dorsal à A1 em contato com o substrato. Recoberto por substância de na mesma altura de Af1; A3 dorsal à A2 e aos estemas 1 e 2; coloração amarelo-alaranjada, secretada pela fêmea durante a poro AA látero-ventral à A2. oviposição e mais abundante na região mediana; lateralmente Grupo Estemal (E): E1 lateral ao estema 3; E2 dorsal ao formando faixas mais espessas arqueadas, circundando estema 1; E3 localizado lateralmente ao semicírculo estemal; parcialmente o ovo, da face inferior para a superior. Área poros Ea e Eb não observados. micropilar arredondada e evidente na face superior. Grupo Subestemal (Se): Se1 ventral ao estema 5 e Diâmetro médio: 1,10 mm. Duração mínima deste estágio: mais próxima do alvéolo antenal; Se2 látero-dorsal à Se1; 16 dias. Se3 látero-ventral à Se2. Todas as cerdas subestemais de comprimento semelhante. Larva de 1º ínstar Grupo Lateral (L): L1 dorsal à E2; poro La não (Figs. 8, 21−25, 28) observado. Grupo Póstero-dorsal (P): P1 entre L1 e Af2 e mais Cabeça arredondada, marrom com muitas cerdas e sem próxima desta; P2 látero-dorsal à P1 e de comprimento escolos ou ornamentações. Frontalmente a sutura epicranial menor; poro Pa ventral à P1; poro Pb não observado. divide a cabeça em três regiões, os epicrânios lateralmente Grupo de Micro-cerdas dorsais (Md): Md1 dorsal à P2 e onde se encontra a maior parte das cerdas primárias, e tão próxima desta como da sutura epicranial; Md2 dorsal à medianamente a fronte, delimitada lateralmente pela sutura Md1 e mais próxima da sutura epicranial; poro Mda lateral e epicranial e inferiormente pelo clípeo, este em forma de na mesma altura de Md2; Md3 dorsal ao poro Mda. banda esclerotinizada transversal, limitada ventralmente pelo anteclípeo membranoso. Ínfero-medianamente, o labro bilobado e ligado ao anteclípeo superiormente. Mandíbulas Quetotaxia do Tórax fortemente esclerotinizadas, subtriangulares e côncavas (Figs. 23−25) oralmente sem borda denteada. Seis estemas látero- inferiormente com tamanhos semelhantes, sendo 1, 2, 3, 4 Protórax: Oito pares de cerdas. Xd1 e Xd2 dispostas na e 6 dispostos em semicírculo, estema 5 isolado ventralmente margem anterior da placa pronotal, Xd1 dorsal à Xd2; D1 e e próximo à base da antena, esta com três artículos, sendo o D2 na margem posterior da placa pronotal, D1 dorsal à D2. L1 apical reduzido e o mediano o maior dentre os três. e L2 dispostas em verruga ântero-ventralmente ao espiráculo, Placa pronotal castanho-alaranjada, subretangular e com L1 dorsal à L2. Grupo supra-ventral (SV) em verruga dorsal vinte pares de cerdas sobre calazas, o restante do protórax à perna, SV1 dorsal à SV2. de coloração alaranjada. Pernas torácicas semelhantes e Meso e Metatórax: Oito pares de cerdas, todas dispostas compactas, formadas por coxa, trocânter, fêmur, tíbia e sobre verrugas e sobre calazas, exceto D1, esta dorsal e tarso unisegmentado com garra terminal e com fortes cerdas anterior à linha média transversal, disposta sobre calaza, D2 dispostas irregularmente. maior e póstero-ventral à D1. Grupo subdorsal (SD) ventral Tegumento do corpo pardo-oliva com tonalidades mais à D2 e póstero-dorsal ao grupo Lateral (L), SD1 dorsal à claras nas regiões inter-segmentais. Placa anal, subtriangular SD2. L1 dorsal e pouco maior que L2. Grupo (SV) como no com a mesma coloração da placa pronotal e com dez pares protórax. de cerdas sobre calazas. Pernas abdominais de A3 – A6 com ganchos dispostos em mesosérie uniordinal e laterosérie Quetotaxia do Abdome uniordinal, em A10 com ganchos em penelípse uniordinal. (Figs. 23, 25) Cápsula cefálica: largura – 0,8 mm; altura – 0,7 mm. Comprimento médio da larva antes da muda: 4,5 mm. A1 – A2: Doze pares de cerdas, estando D2, SD1, SD2, Duração mínima deste ínstar: 4 dias. SV1 e SV2 localizadas
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