DOCSLIB.ORG

A Late Cretaceous Ceratopsian Dinosaur from Europe with Asian Affinities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Late Cretaceous Ceratopsian Dinosaur from Europe with Asian Affinities Vol 465 | 27 May 2010 | doi:10.1038/nature09019 LETTERS A Late Cretaceous ceratopsian dinosaur from Europe with Asian affinities Attila O˝si1, Richard J. Butler2 & David B. Weishampel3 Ceratopsians (horned dinosaurs) represent a highly diverse and caudolateral process of the premaxilla is curved along its length abundant radiation of non-avian dinosaurs1–5 known primarily becoming nearly horizontal caudally; (4*) the buccal margins of from the Cretaceous period (65–145 million years ago). This radi- the predentary are sharp and not bevelled. ation has been considered to be geographically limited to Asia and Description. The short rostral bone strongly curves ventrally to a western North America1–3, with only controversial remains reported sharp point, similar to the condition in Archaeoceratops oshimai15, from other continents. Here we describe new ceratopsian cranial Protoceratops andrewsi1 and Magnirostris dodsoni8. Well-developed material from the Late Cretaceous of Iharku´t, Hungary6,froma lateral processes of the rostral extend along more than half of the coronosaurian ceratopsian, Ajkaceratops kozmai. Ajkaceratops is ventral margin of the premaxilla. The surface of the rostral is heavily most similar to ‘bagaceratopsids’ such as Bagaceratops and pitted, indicating high vascularization and a covering keratinous Magnirostris, previously known only from Late Cretaceous east beak. Asia3,5,7,8. The new material unambiguously demonstrates that The body of the premaxilla is shallow, and the narial fossa extends ceratopsians occupied Late Cretaceous Europe and, when con- closer to the oral margin than in other non-ceratopsid ceratopsians1. sidered with the recent discovery of possible leptoceratopsid teeth The premaxillae and rostral bones form a strongly concave, vaulted, oval from Sweden9, indicates that the clade may have reached Europe on secondary palate that is defined laterally by sharp, edentulous cutting at least two independent occasions. European Late Cretaceous dino- margins. The caudal edge of the premaxilla and the caudodorsal process saur faunas have been characterized as consisting of a mix of form the rostral and dorsal margins of a large, fully perforate and oval endemic ‘relictual’ taxa and ‘Gondwanan’ taxa, with typical Asian accessory fenestra between the premaxilla and the maxilla, as in the and North American groups largely absent10,11. Ajkaceratops Asian basal coronosaurian ceratopsians Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi6 demonstrates that this prevailing biogeographical hypothesis is and Magnirostris dodsoni15. Although the nasal is not preserved, a overly simplified and requires reassessment. Iharku´t was part of bevelled surface on the medial surface of the caudodorsal process re- the western Tethyan archipelago, a tectonically complex series of presents the articular surface for this bone. The nearly horizontal ori- island chains between Africa and Europe12,andtheoccurrenceofa entation of the caudodorsal process suggests that, as in Bagaceratops and coronosaurian ceratopsian in this locality may represent an early Magnirostris16, the nasal was excluded from the margin of the accessory Late Cretaceous ‘island-hopping’ dispersal across the Tethys Ocean. fenestra. An accessory fenestra between the premaxilla and the maxilla is Ceratopsia Marsh, 1890 also present in the North American non-ceratopsid coronosaurian Neoceratopsia Sereno, 1986 Zuniceratops and in some basal chasmosaurine and centrosaurine 16–18 Coronosauria Sereno, 1986 ceratopsids . However, in these taxa the nasal forms the dorsal mar- Ajkaceratops kozmai gen. et sp. nov. gin of this accessory fenestra, which is proportionally much smaller and is relatively much more dorsally positioned (its ventral margin is far Etymology. Ajka: the town of Ajka, which is close to the type locality; above that of the external naris). This fenestra occurred in several ceratops (Greek): horned face. (Intended pronunciation: oi-ka-sera- lineages of Coronosauria and may have been secondarily lost in derived tops.) The species is named in honour of Ka´roly Kozma. chasmosaurines and centrosaurines16. Holotype. MTM V2009.192.1, fused premaxillae and rostral bones The four predentaries represent different ontogenetic stages of with fragments of the maxillae (Fig. 1a, b); housed in the collections Ajkaceratops (Supplementary Fig. 2). The rostral ends of the preden- of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary. taries are acutely pointed. The largest specimen is more strongly Referred material. MTM V2009.193.1 (Fig. 1c–e), V2009.194.1, curved in lateral view than smaller specimens, with a strongly V2009.195.1, V2009.196.1: four predentary bones. upturned rostral tip. Unusually, the edges of the predentary are Horizon and locality. Csehba´nya Formation (Upper Cretaceous, sharp, and not bevelled as occurs in many ceratopsians. Caudally, Santonian13), Iharku´t, Veszpre´m County, Bakony Mountains, Trans- the predentary has a flattened and very broad, parallel-sided ventral danubian Range, western Hungary. Iharku´t has previously yielded a process. The surfaces of the predentaries are heavily ornamented by typical European Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblage of endemic pits and grooves, similar to the surface of the rostral. rhabdodontid ornithopods and basal nodosaurid ankylosaurs6,14. Three unambiguous synapomorphies demonstrate the ceratopsian Diagnosis. Differs from all other coronosaurian ceratopsians in the affinities of Ajkaceratops: the presence of a neomorphic rostral bone following character combination (* indicates autapomorphies): (1) (unique to ceratopsians); the presence of a strongly vaulted premaxillary large oval accessory fenestra are present between the premaxilla and palate; and the presence of a ventral process of the predentary that is maxilla, with the nasal excluded from its margin; (2*) the part of the more than half of the transverse width of the predentary1,3,5.In premaxilla ventral to the external naris and the accessory fenestra is Ceratopsia, the presence of a strongly pointed rostral bone with well- dorsoventrally shallow relative to its rostrocaudal length; (3*) the developed lateral processes supports referral to Neoceratopsia3.The 1Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Research Group for Paleontology, Ludovika te´r 2, Budapest 1083, Hungary. 2Bayerische Staatssammlung fu¨r Pala¨ontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, Munich 80333, Germany. 3Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. 466 ©2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved NATURE | Vol 465 | 27 May 2010 LETTERS asn abem r en r mp acf 1 cm vpp rlp vp smp vp cd e Figure 1 | Anatomy of Ajkaceratops kozmai gen. et sp. nov. a, b, Holotype em, edentulous margin of premaxilla; en, external naris; mp, fragments of MTM V2009.192.1, fused rostral and premaxillae in lateral (a) and ventral rostral processes of maxillae; r, rostral bone; rlp, lateral process of rostral; (b) views. c–e, Referred material MTM V2009.193.1, predentary in lateral smp, sharp margin of predentary; vp, ventral process of predentary; vpp, (c), ventral (d) and dorsal (e) views. acf, inferred position of accessory vaulted premaxillary palate. fenestra between the premaxilla and maxilla; asn, articular surface for nasal; fully perforate accessory opening between the premaxilla and maxilla is related and near contemporaneous coronosaurians such as present in a number of Late Cretaceous coronosaurians, such as the Protoceratops and the largest Asian bagaceratopsids. Although several Asian Bagaceratops (including several bagaceratopsids that are probably features are potentially consistent with some degree of osteological synonymous with this genus3,5,7) and Magnirostris8 (possibly synony- maturity, ontogenetic stage cannot be assessed with certainty at pre- mous with Bagaceratops7), as well as the North American Zuniceratops18 sent. Further discoveries are thus required to determine whether and basal ceratopsids16,17. This opening is absent in earlier and more Ajkaceratops is a dwarfed taxon, as has been proposed for other Late basal ceratopsians (including non-coronosaurians and leptocera- Cretaceous dinosaurs from the western Tethyan archipelago24–27. topsids)1,3,4. The proportionally large size of the accessory opening Ajkaceratops seems to be part of a Late Cretaceous radiation of and the exclusion of the nasal from its margin are most similar to the coronosaurian ceratopsians otherwise known only from Asia and bagaceratopsids Bagaceratops and Magnirostris (some recent work North America. The historical biogeography of coronosaurian cer- questions whether bagaceratopsids form a distinct clade as generally atopsians is complex, with several inferred dispersal events between hypothesized16). These similarities suggest that Ajkaceratops is a coronosaurian, close to bagaceratopsids and basal to the Zuniceratops 1 Ceratopsidae clade. a b Evidence for Gondwanan ceratopsians19,20 is highly controversial and most reviews have assumed that ceratopsians were restricted to central and east Asia and western North America1,3. Two recent papers report putative ceratopsians on the basis of scarce isolated teeth from Late 5 cm Cretaceous northern Europe9,21. The identification of ceratopsians based on isolated teeth must be treated with caution because ornithischian dinosaur dentition is well-documented as highly homoplastic, with c particularly striking evolutionary convergence observed between cera- topsian
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Dinosaurs Transylvanian Province in Hungary
    COMMUNICATIONS OF THE YEARBOOK OF THE ROYAL HUNGARIAN GEOLOGICAL IMPERIAL INSTITUTE ================================================================== VOL. XXIII, NUMBER 1. ================================================================== THE DINOSAURS OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN PROVINCE IN HUNGARY. BY Dr. FRANZ BARON NOPCSA. WITH PLATES I-IV AND 3 FIGURES IN THE TEXT. Published by The Royal Hungarian Geological Imperial Institute which is subject to The Royal Hungarian Agricultural Ministry BUDAPEST. BOOK-PUBLISHER OF THE FRANKLIN ASSOCIATION. 1915. THE DINOSAURS OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN PROVINCE IN HUNGARY. BY Dr. FRANZ BARON NOPCSA. WITH PLATES I-IV AND 3 FIGURES IN THE TEXT. Mit. a. d. Jahrb. d. kgl. ungar. Geolog. Reichsanst. XXIII. Bd. 1 heft I. Introduction. Since it appears doubtful when my monographic description of the dinosaurs of Transylvania1 that formed my so-to-speak preparatory works to my current dinosaur studies can be completed, due on one hand to outside circumstances, but on the other hand to the new arrangement of the vertebrate material in the kgl. ungar. geologischen Reichsanstalt accomplished by Dr. KORMOS, the necessity emerged of also exhibiting some of the dinosaur material located here, so that L. v. LÓCZY left the revision to me; I view the occasion, already briefly anticipating my final work at this point, to give diagnoses of the dinosaurs from the Transylvanian Cretaceous known up to now made possible from a systematic division of the current material, as well as to discuss their biology. The reptile remains known from the Danian of Transylvania will be mentioned only incidentally. Concerning the literature, I believe in refraining from more exact citations, since this work presents only a preliminary note.
    [Show full text]
  • Dossier Didactique Dinosaures.Pdf
    service éducatif 2007 - 2008 Ed. resp. C. PISANI - rue Vautier 29 1000 Bruxelles Galerie des Dinosaures Dossier didactique Muséum des Sciences naturelles Rue Vautier 29 - 1000 Bruxelles www.sciencesnaturelles.be Galerie des Dinosaures - dossier didactique 1 Table des matières Pour une agréable visite Encadrement Tarifs Plan Parcours Zone 1. Sous nos pieds 1. Les grandes dates de l’étude des dinosaures.................................................................................. 6 2. La découverte des iguanodons........................................................................................................ 8 3. Les chantiers de fouilles.................................................................................................................. 10 3.1. Bernissart 3.2. Bayan Mandahu 3.3. Kundur 4. La fossilisation................................................................................................................................. 13 5. Où trouver des dinosaures ?............................................................................................................ 14 Zone 2. Des animaux vivants 1. La posture.........................................................................................................................................14 1.1 Ce que les fossiles nous révèlent 1.2 Posture et apparence d’Iguanodon bernissartensis 2. Les déplacements et les migrations................................................................................................ 17 2.1 Ce que révèlent les pistes fossilisées
    [Show full text]
  • Tooth Replacement Pattern in Maxillary Dentition of Basal Neoceratopsia
    Tooth replacement pattern in maxillary dentition of basal Neoceratopsia Kyo TANOUE, Daqing LI and Hailu YOU Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist., Ser. A, 10: 123―127, March 31, 2012 Tooth replacement pattern in maxillary dentition of basal Neoceratopsia 1 2 3 Kyo TANOUE , Daqing LI and Hailu YOU 1Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan 2Gansu Geological Museum, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730010, People's Republic of China 3Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China Corresponding author: Kyo TANOUE (E-mail: [email protected]) (Received September 30, 2011; accepted February 1, 2012) ABSTRACT ― Maxillary dentition of basal neoceratopsians was examined to understand the tooth replacement pattern in the early stage of neoceratopsian evolution. The replacement tooth developed on the lingual side of the functional tooth. For the replacement tooth to grow apically, resorption of the root and eventually the base of crown of the functional tooth was necessary. Having only one replacement tooth for each tooth position and involving resorption of the functional tooth for it to erupt, tooth replacement of basal neoceratopsians was inefficient compared to ceratopsids, the derived neoceratopsians. KEY WORDS: Maxillary dentition, Tooth replacement, Basal Neoceratopsia INTRODUCTION patterns were also different. However, previous studies of the erupting teeth have concentrated on descriptions of the tooth The Ceratopsia is one of the dominant herbivorous dinosaur crown morphology when the functional teeth are already worn. taxa in Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems of Asia and western Discoveries of both complete and fragmentary skulls of North America (DODSON et al., 2004; YOU and DODSON, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Note on the Ossified Ligaments of Dinosaurs of Bernissart, 250 L
    Note on the ossified ligaments of Dinosaurs of Bernissart, BY L. DOLLO,* Engineer, Assistant naturalist with the Royal Museum of natural History from Belgium, in Brussels. (BOARDS VIII AND IX). When the skeletons are examined, for the majority of specimens, of Iguanodons collected in Bernissart, in particular those of the individuals Q (Iguanodon bernissartensis (1), Blgr.) and T (Igua- (1) I believe that there is doubt about the identity of I. Seelyi, Hulke (J. W. Hulke. Description of some Iguanodon remains indicating a new species, I. Seelyi. Quarter. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, 1882, p. 135) and of I. bernissartensis, Blgr. (L. Dollo. Première note sur les Dinosaurs de Bernissart. Bull. Roy. Hist. nat. Belg. T. 1, 1882, p, 175). I took many measurements that show most perfect agreement between these two forms. There is divergence, as I announced before (L. Dollo. Première note, etc. p. 170), in the supposed presence of a dermal armor for I. Seelyi, Hulke (J. W. Hulke, I. Seelyi, etc. p. 143), that is missing in I. bernissartensis, Blgr. I will endeavor to prove that this difference is illusory and that the plates found with the dinosaur of the erudite English paleontologist cannot belong to it. I. Initially, I. bernissartensis, Blgr., did not have undoubtedly an osseous carapace, because: 1. If it had one, it is certain that one would have seen some trace of it among the remaining 29 individuals, for the majority specimens, collected in Bernissart. 250 L. DOLLO 2. On the contrary, we see, in various places, a structure indicating a skin naked or furnished with epIDEMal scales.
    [Show full text]
  • ACADÉMIE ROYALE Des Sciences, Des Lettres & Des Beaux-Arts DE
    ACADÉMIE ROYALE des sciences, des lettres & des beaux-arts DE BELGIQUE Cette œuvre littéraire est soumise à la législation belge en matière de droit d'auteur. Elle a été publiée et numérisée par l'Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique. Utilisation L’Académie royale de Belgique met gratuitement à la disposition du public les copies numérisées d’œuvres littéraires appartenant au domaine public : aucune rémunération ne peut être réclamée par des tiers ni pour leur consultation ni au prétexte du droit d’auteur. Pour les œuvres ne faisant pas encore partie du domaine public, l’Académie royale de Belgique aura pris soin de conclure un accord avec les ayants droit afin de permettre leur numérisation et mise à disposition. Les documents numérisés peuvent être utilisés à des fins de recherche, d’enseignement ou à usage privé. Quiconque souhaitant utiliser les documents à d’autres fins et/ou les distribuer contre rémunération est tenu d’en demander l’autorisation à l’Académie royale de Belgique (Palais des Académies, rue Ducale, 1 - B-1000 Bruxelles), en joignant à sa requête, l’auteur, le titre et l’éditeur du ou des documents concernés. Pour toutes les utilisations autorisées, l’usager s’engage à citer, dans son travail, les documents utilisés par la mention « Académie royale de Belgique » accompagnée des précisions indispensables à l’identification des documents. Par ailleurs, quiconque publie un travail – dans les limites des utilisations autorisées – basé sur une partie substantielle d’un ou plusieurs document(s) numérisé(s) s’engage à remettre ou à envoyer gratuitement à l’Académie royale de Belgique, un exemplaire ou à défaut, un extrait justificatif de cette publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Long Bone Histology of Basalmost and Derived Sauropodomorpha: the Convergence of Fibrolamellar Bone and the Evolution of Giantism and Nanism
    Long bone histology of basalmost and derived Sauropodomorpha: the convergence of fibrolamellar bone and the evolution of giantism and nanism Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Koen Hendrik Willy Stein aus Antwerpen, Belgien Bonn November, 2010 2 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Prof. Dr. P. Martin Sander 2. Prof. Dr. Thomas Martin Tag der Promotion: 17/03/2011 Erscheinungsjahr: 2011 3 Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich an eides statt, dass ich für meine Promotion keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel benutzt habe, und dass die inhaltlich und wörtlich aus anderen Werken entnommenen Stellen und Zitate als solche gekennzeichnet sind. Koen Stein 4 Bottomless wonders spring from simple rules that are repeated without end Benoit Mandelbrot 1985 Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution Theodosius Dobzhansky 1973 5 Preface My first contact with bone histology was in 2005 during my MSc studies in Palaeobiology in Bristol. I did not have a clue how much potential this field of research really has. In fact, back then I thought it was a bit boring, mostly based on ignorance. Strangely enough, most subjects I initially find boring (my geology diploma thesis involved brachiopods and multivariate statistics), as soon as I discover its possibilities, I end up studying with much enthousiasm and fascination. Three years (and a couple of months) is a short time to study all the bone histological sections that Martin Sander, Nicole Klein and I collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Delapparentia Turolensis Nov. Gen Et Sp., Un Nuevo
    d827-11 Omenaca.qxd 5/7/11 11:42 Página 83 Estudios Geológicos, 67(1) enero-junio 2011, 83-110 ISSN: 0367-0449 doi:10.3989/egeol.40276.124 Delapparentia turolensis nov. gen et sp., un nuevo dinosaurio iguanodontoideo (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) en el Cretácico Inferior de Galve Delapparentia turolensis nov. gen et sp., a new iguanodontoid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Galve (Spain) J.I. Ruiz-Omeñaca1, 2 RESUMEN Se redescribe un esqueleto postcraneal de dinosaurio ornitópodo asignado por Albert de Lapparent en 1960 a Iguanodon bernissartensis. Procede del yacimiento de La Maca 3, de edad Barremiense infe- rior (Formación Camarillas), y consta de varias vértebras cervicales, restos de la serie dorsal y sacra, varias vértebras caudales, fragmentos de costillas cervicales, dorsales, y esternales, chevrones y tendo- nes osificados, y la hemipelvis izquierda incompleta. Se ha identificado como un «iguanodóntido» (i.e. un Iguanodontoidea no Hadrosauridae) por la presencia de una lámina prepubica alta y la ausencia de antitrocánter en el ilion. Se propone a partir de este material un nuevo taxón de iguanodontoideo, Delap- parentia turolensis nov. gen et sp., caracterizado por las siguientes autapomorfías: 1) costillas dorsales posteriores con capítulo y tubérculo no fusionados, 2) costillas esternales osificadas, y 3) ilion con el proceso preacetabular torsionado y expandido lateromedialmente (compartida con Zalmoxes). Además presenta una combinación de costillas dorsales anteriores con un foramen neumático, e isquion grande en relación al ilion. Palabras clave: Dinosauria, Iguanodontoidea, esqueleto postcraneal, Barremiense inferior, Teruel, Lapparent ABSTRACT An ornithopod dinosaur postcranial skeleton from the Early Cretaceous of Galve (Teruel province, Spain), assigned to Iguanodon bernissartensis by the French paleontologist Albert de Lapparent in 1960, is redescribed.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeobiogeographic Relationships of the Haţeg Biota — Between Isolation and Innovation
    Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 293 (2010) 419–437 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Palaeobiogeographic relationships of the Haţeg biota — Between isolation and innovation David B. Weishampel a,⁎, Zoltán Csiki b, Michael J. Benton c, Dan Grigorescu b, Vlad Codrea d a Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University—School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA b Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, 1 N. Bălcescu Blvd., RO-010041 Bucharest, Romania c Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK d Department of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu St., RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania article info abstract Article history: The biogeographic significance of the Late Cretaceous Haţeg fauna is assessed using both faunal and Received 1 May 2009 phylogenetic analyses. Although extremely endemic at the species level, the Haţeg fauna is part of a larger Received in revised form 15 December 2009 European palaeobioprovince compared to roughly contemporary (Campanian–Maastrichtian) terrestrial Accepted 10 March 2010 faunas elsewhere in Europe. Phylogenetic analyses of five Haţeg taxa, calibrated by biostratigraphic Available online 16 March 2010 occurrences provide evidence of long ghost lineages. The geographic distributions of kogaionids, Kallokibotion, Allodaposuchus, and Zalmoxes (together with their European sister taxa) may have arisen Keywords: Haţeg Basin from vicariant events between western Europe and North America, while the distribution of Telmatosaurus is Vertebrate fauna an example of European endemism of Asiamerican origin. Late Cretaceous While Haţeg seems to have acted as a dead-end refugium for Kallokibotion and Telmatosaurus, other faunal Palaeobiogeography members (and their immediate sister taxa) are not restricted to Transylvania, but known otherwise from Evolution localities across southern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Santonian) Terrestrial Ecosystem in the Western Tethyan
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library A Late Cretaceous (Santonian) terrestrial ecosystem in the western Tethyan archipelago: the Central European Iharkút vertebrate site (Csehbánya Formation, Hungary) ATTILA ŐSI1 1Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Hungarian Natural History Museum, Research Group for Palaeontology, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest, 1083, Hungary; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The faunal composition and paleobiogeographic relationships of the single known Mesozoic terrestrial site from Hungary (Central Europe) is reviewed here. This Late Cretaceous (Santonian) locality at Iharkút, discovered in 2000, provided more than 10.000 bones and teeth of close to 30 different vertebrate groups. These include pycnodontiform and lepisosteid fishes, the unique Hungarobatrachus and discoglossid, paleobatrachid and pelobatid frogs, albanerpetontids, various types of scincomorph lizards, mosasaurs, bothremydid, dortokid and cryptodiran turtles, sebecosuchian, hylaeochampsid, and two additional unidentified crocodylomorphs, azhdarchid pterosaurs, nodosaurid ankylosaurs, rhabdodontid ornithopods, coronosaurian ceratopsians, basal tetanuran, abelisaurid, and paravian theropods, and at least two different enantiornithine birds. Comparison of the Iharkút fauna with those of other European Late Cretaceous localities from Romania, Austria, France and Spain reveals close similarities in family level, however the genera and/or species of the individual areas are alrealy different. This can be explained first, by the Santonian age of the Iharkút locality being slightly older than the other, Campano-Maastrictian localities, and second by the supposed insular condition of the Iharkút area within the European archipelago. Further similarity with other European faunas is the mixture of Paleolaurasian, Euramerican, Gondwanan and endemic European forms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dwarfed Dinosaurs from Haţeg Island
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.ukARTICLE IN PRESS brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library PALAEO-05250; No of Pages 17 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology xxx (2010) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Dinosaurs and the island rule: The dwarfed dinosaurs from Haţeg Island Michael J. Benton a,⁎, Zoltan Csiki b, Dan Grigorescu b, Ragna Redelstorff c, P. Martin Sander d, Koen Stein d, David B. Weishampel e a Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK b Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Bd. N. Bălcescu 1, RO-010041 Bucharest, Romania c School of Geological Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland d Institut für Palaontologie, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany e Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University—School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA article info abstract Article history: Islands are fascinating natural laboratories of evolution. One much debated theme among evolutionary Received 20 February 2009 ecologists is whether there is an ‘island rule’, the observation that large animals tend to become smaller and Received in revised form 18 November 2009 small animals larger. Franz Nopcsa was the first, in 1914, to suggest that the latest Cretaceous dinosaurs from Accepted 21 January 2010 Haţeg, Romania were an island fauna, based on its low diversity and apparently unbalanced composition, and Available online xxxx the basal position (“primitiveness”) of many of the included taxa within their respective clades.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia
    ^ARThS SOEWCES USHAH1 A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia George Olshevsky Mesozoic Meanderings #2 Published by: George Olshevsky Publications Requiring Research Post Office Box 16924 San Diego, California 92176-6924 Price: $20.00 First printing (October 24, 19i>l): 100 copies, of which this is # /C / Signed by author: j>r £Vr Contents PREFACE 1 Parasuborder: Erythrosuchia Bonaparte, Acknowledgments 3 1982 40 Technical Review 4 Parafamily: Erythrosuchidae INTRODUCTION 5 Watson, 1917 40 Materials and Methods 6 Parasuborder Rauisuchia How To Use This List: Conventions 7 Bonaparte, 1982 41 TAXONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 13 Family: Rauisuchidae The Problems of Cladistic von Huene, 1942 41 Classifications 14 Rauisuchia incertae sedis 42 Linnaean Taxa at the Ordinal Level .. .19 Suborder Poposauria nov. 43 New Subfamilial Taxa 21 Family: Teratosauridae Cope, 1871 ... 43 ARCHOSAUR PHYLOGENY 25 Pseudosuchia incertae sedis 44 Defining Archosaurs 26 Family: Ctenosauriscidae Early Archosaurs 28 Kuhn, 1964 44 Thecodontian Orders 29 Family: Teleocrateridae Romer, 1966 .. 44 Superorder: THECODONTU Owen, 1859 . 31 Order: PARASUCHIA Huxley, 1875 44 Paraorder: PROTEROSUCHIA Family: Parasuchidae Lydekker, 1885 .44 Broom, 1906 37 Order: AETOSAURIA Family: Mesenosauridae Nicholson & Lydekker, 1889 49 Romer, 1956 37 Family: Stagonolepididae Family: Proterosuchidae Lydekker, July 1887 49 von Huene, 1914 37 Aetosauria incertae sedis 50 Proterosuchia incertae sedis 38 Order: CROCODYLIA Gmelin, 1788 .... 50 Order: ORNITHOSUCHIA Suborder Trialestia Crush, 1984 51 Bonaparte, 1971 38 Family: Trialestidae Bonaparte, 1982 .. 51 Parafamily: Euparkeriidae Suborder: Sphenosuchia von Huene, 1920 38 Bonaparte, 1971 51 Family: Erpetosuchidae Family: Pedeticosauridae Watson, 1917 38 van Hoepen, 1915 51 Family: Ornithosuchidae Family: Hemiprotosuchidae von Huene, 1908 38 Crush, 1984 51 Order: PSEUDOSUCHIA Family: Sphenosuchidae Zittel, 1887-90 39 von Huene, 1922 51 Suborder: Arcfaaeosuchia SilL 1967 39 Family: Lewisuchidae nov.
    [Show full text]
  • A Re-Appraisal of Craspedodon From
    BULLETIN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE SCIENCES DE LA TERRE , 77: 83-93,2007 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN AARDWETENSCHAPPEN, 77: 83-93, 2007 A re-appraisal of Craspedodon lonzeensis DOLLO, 1883 from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium: the first record of a neoceratopsian dinosaur in Europe? by Pascal GODEFROIT & Olivier LAMBERT Godefroit P. & Lambert O., 2007 - A re-appraisal of les Neoceratopsia, nous suggérons que Craspedodon possède plus Craspedodon lonzeensis Dollo, 1883 from the Upper Cretaceous d'affinités avec les Ceratopsoidea (sensu You & Dodson, 2003, of Belgium: the first record of a neoceratopsian dinosaur in 2004) qu'avec les Protoceratopsidae. C'est la première fois qu'un Europe? Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles dinosaure cératopsien est décrit en Europe. Les néocératopsiens ont de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 77: 83-93, 6 figs, Brussels, probablement migré d'Asie en Europe au cours de l'Aptien-Albien, October 15, 2007 - ISSN 0374-6291. lorsque des ponts terrestres intermittents étaient établis à travers le détroit de Turgai. Cela implique une lignée fantôme relativement longue pour les néocératopsiens en Europe, de plus de neuf millions Abstract d'années, entre leur migration vers l'Europe et leur présence proposée au sein du Membre de Lonzée. Craspedodon lonzeensis Dollo, 1883 is based on three teeth discovered in the Lonzée Member (?Coniacian-Santonian, Upper Mots-clefs: Craspedodon, Neoceratopsia, Crétacé supérieur, Europe, Cretaceous) in the surroundings of the village of Lonzée (Namur paléo-biogéographie. Province, Belgium). Previous authors identified Craspedodon as an iguanodontian dinosaur. We rather propose that these fossils belong to a neoceratopsian dinosaur, because of the following characters: 1.
    [Show full text]