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A Mitsvá De Morar Em Erets Israel

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A Mitsvá De Morar Em Erets Israel A MITSVÁ DE MORAR EM ERETS ISRAEL BS’D A MITSVÁ DE MORAR EM ERETS ISRAEL “Morar em Erets Israel é equivalente a todas as mitsvot da Torá” (Sifrei Parashat Ree, Tosefta Avodá Zará 5) “E remova de seu coração esta falsa convicção de que um homem tem mais bênçãos fora da terra” (Alshich Ha Kadosh, Ki Tavó 28:6) “Todas as orações de Israel são para o Beit Ha Micdash. Ó, Mestre, quando o Beit Ha Micdash será construído?” (Bereshit Raba 13:2). “Não há felicidade alguma, mas somente quando Israel está estabelecido na terra santa (Zohar Ha Kadosh, Bamidbar 118a) 1 A MITSVÁ DE MORAR EM ERETS ISRAEL INTRODUÇÃO “Morar em Erets Israel é equivalente a todas as mitsvot da Torá” (Sifrei Parashat Ree, Tosefta Avodá Zará 5) “E remova de seu coração esta falsa convicção de que um homem tem mais bênçãos fora da terra” (Alshich Ha Kadosh, Ki Tavó 28:6) “Todas as orações de Israel são para o Beit Ha Micdash. Ó, Mestre, quando o Beit Ha Micdash será construído?” (Bereshit Raba 13:2). “Não há felicidade alguma, mas somente quando Israel está estabelecido na terra santa (Zohar Ha Kadosh, Bamidbar 118a) Abençoado seja Hashem que nos deu a oportunidade de apresentar este trabalho aos nossos irmãos judeus. Este livro é uma compilação de importantes obras de rabis do povo judeu, nossos sábios da Bíblia, do Talmud, do Zohar Ha Kadosh, do Midrash, Rishonim e Acharonim. Ocupa- se daquilo que esses sábios têm a dizer sobre morar em Erets Israel. Esses sábios, que entenderam a centralidade de Erets Israel em relação à Torá e às mitsvot, legaram uma mensagem clara para todos acerca do nosso dever moral de residir na terra que Hashem decidiu nos dar. Como este assunto, a mitsvá de morar em Erets Israel, diz respeito a cada judeu de qualquer background, acreditamos ser apropriado que todos tenha a chance de aprender sobre ele. E concluiremos aqui, com uma tefilá para Ha Kadosh Baruch Hu dita por Rabi Nachman de Breslav: “Por favor Hashem, seja bom para mim de acordo com Sua vontade, e dê-me compaixão e bondade como um presente gratuito, para que eu possa merecer em breve ir para Erets Israel, para Erets Ha Kedosha, a terra que nossos antepassados herdaram, a terra onde todos os tsadikim autênticos, com todas suas almas, desejaram estar, e a maioria deles esteve, e retificaram o que tinham de retificar, e fizeram o que tinham de fazer, e mereceram o que mereceram, tudo em mérito de Erets Israel que é o centro da Kedusha de todo o mundo. Hashem, purifique-me em Sua grande compaixão para que eu tenha, e todo Israel tenhará desejo e anseio e reais intenções de vir para Erets Israel, facilmente e em breve, pois Você conhece minha necessidade, o quanto eu preciso estar em Erets Israel.” Possa Hashem reconstruir Seu Beit Ha Micdash, em breve e em nossos dias, amen. CITAÇÕES CURTAS SOBRE A MITSVÁ DE MORAR EM ERETS ISRAEL “Morar em Erets Israel equivale a todas mitsvot da Torá” (Sifrei, Parashat Tosefta Avodá Zará 5) A MITSVÁ: VENHA E POSSUA A TERRA É uma mitsvá se estabelecer em Erets Israel e morar lá, como está escrito: “... Você os expelirá e morará na sua terra.” (Devarim 12, 29) (Sifrei) 2 A MITSVÁ DE MORAR EM ERETS ISRAEL Aconteceu que Rabi Yehuda ben Betera e Rabi Matia ben Cheresh e Rabi Chanina ben Achi e Rabi Yehoshua e Rabi Yonatan estavam deixando para a terra, e chegaram a Paltum e se lembraram de Erets Israel. Seus olhos transbordaram e suas lágrimas verteram e rasgaram suas vestes e recitaram este versículo: “Você a herdará [a terra] e morará nela, e guardará todas as leis cuidadosamente.” (Deuteronômio 11:31-32). Eles retornaram a seu lugar e disseram, “morar em Erets Israel iguala o peso de todas as mitsvot da Torá juntas.” Rabi Elazar ben Shamua e Rabi Yochanan Ha Sandler estavam caminhando para Netsivim, para a casa de Rabi Yehuda ben Betera a fim de aprender Torá dele, e chegaram a Sidon e se recordaram de Erets Israel. Seus olhos transbordaram e suas lágrimas verteram e rasgaram suas vestes e recitaram este versículo: “Você a herdará e morará nela, e você guardará todas as leis cuidadosamente.” Eles retornaram a seu lugar e disseram, “morar em Erets Israel iguala o peso de todas as mitsvot da Torá juntas.” (Sifrei, Parashat Re’e80) Nossos sábios disseram (Talmud Yerushalaim, Sotá 8:4) a respeito de alguém que volta do front porque construiu uma casa nova e não morou nela: [“E os oficiais dirão às pessoas: “Qual homem construiu uma casa nova e não a inaugurou? Deixe-o ir e retornar à sua casa para que não morra na batalha...” (Devarim 20:5)] Eu poderia pensar que alguém que construiu uma casa nova fora de Erets Israel deveria voltar do front. Diz, então, “E não começou a morar nela” (Deuteronômio 20:5). O versículo se refere a alguém para quem morar nela é uma mitsvá, e exclui tudo os outros. P’nei Moshe comenta (ib.), “Alguém para quem é uma mitsvá: em Erets Israel, devido à mitsvá de morar na terra. Isso exclui fora da terra, onde não há nenhuma mitsvá de habitar.” A mesma lei se aplica a alguém que plantou um vinhedo (Talmud Yerushalaim, Sotá 8:5), e Rambam decide o mesmo (Hilchot Melachim 7:14). Rabi Shimon bar Yochai ensinou: quando uma pessoa sai de Yehuda para a Galiléia, ou da Galiléia para Yehuda, não é considerado um exílio. Quando ela viajar de Erets Israel para fora de Erets Israel, então é considerado exílio (Midrash Shmuel, Perek 8). O Sefer Chareidim (Mitsvot Asei Ha Teluyot B’Erets Israel, capítulo 1, seção 15) declara: “Há um mandamento bíblico positivo de morar em Erets Israel, conforme estabelece, você a possuirá e habitará nela” (Devarim 17:14, 26:1). Chazal afirmam que essa mitsvá equivale a todas as mitsvot da Torá (Sifrei, Re’e28), e é uma das 613 mitsvot de acordo com o Ramban e o Rashbets. “Aqueles fora da terra, estejam eles afastados ou próximos, devem desejar e ansiar urgentemente essa terra, pois da mesma forma que Ele os escolheu, Ele também escolheu essa terra, e eles nunca serão denominados “nação única”, exceto dentro dela [da terra], como o Zohar explica o versículo: “Quem é como seu povo, Israel — nação única na terra.” “Parta por si mesmo... para a terra que Eu lhe mostrarei” (Bereshit 12). A mitsvá de viver em Erets Israel é muito importante porque é a primeira mitsvá que foi ordenada a um judeu [Abrahão]. Rabino Meir Yechiel MiOstrovtza É uma mitsvá para cada judeu fixar sua residência em Erets Israel e estabelecer-se nela conforme suas condições. Rabi Menachem haMeiri Esta é a mitsvá, as normas e as leis que Hashem, seu D’us ordenou (-me) que ensinase a vocês para que vocês as mantivessem na terra que vocês estão cruzando para ocupar. (Devarim 6:1) QUE GRANDE MITSVÁ É DESEJAR IR PARA ERETS ISRAEL 3 A MITSVÁ DE MORAR EM ERETS ISRAEL Que grande mitsvá é desejar ir para erets Israel! O Shne Luchot haBrit e o Sefer Yereim ensinam que a pessoa deveria ter constantemente em seu coração um desejo e amor por Erets Israel, como está escrito: “E seus olhos e seu coração deverão estar lá todos os dias. (Baseado em 1 Melachim 9:3). Se um homem possuir tudo o que deseja, ele sempre deveria lembrar-se de que algo está faltando a ele, porque ele não está em Erets Israel... Ele deveria ficar triste por isso, pois a coisa mais importante está faltando (Yeaarot Devash, começo da Derashá 14). O RAMBAN A ENUMERA COMO UMA DAS 613 MITSVOT O Ramban discute tal obrigação detalhadamente no Sefer Ha mitsvot. “Fomos ordenados a tomar posse da terra que D’us deu a nossos antepassados, Avraham, Yitschac e Yaacov. Somos proibidos de deixá-la para outros ou desolada, conforme D’us lhes disse: “E vocês tomarão posse da terra, porque eu dei a terra para que vocês a possuíssem. E vocês colonizarão a terra que eu prometi a seus pais...” “Não podemos ceder a terra a qualquer nação em qualquer momento do tempo. Caso alguma nação fuja da terra... somos ordenados a conquistar aquelas cidades e nelas assentar nossas tribos. De fato, após termos exterminado as outras nações, se nossas tribos desejarem abandonar a terra e ir conquistar outras terras, elas não têm permissão para tal. Isso porque fomos ordenados a conquistar a terra e habitar nela, e isso se aplica ao longo das gerações. AQUELE QUE DEIXA ERETS ISRAEL É COMO ALGUÉM QUE ADORA ÍDOLOS “Esta mitsvá, creio eu, a qual nossos sábios enfatizaram tão veementemente — dizendo ‘Quem quer que a deixe e habite fora da terra deve parecer aos seus olhos como alguém que adora ídolos’ (Ketubot 110), e muitas outras declarações contundentes — é o mandamento positivo de herdar a terra e viver ali.” Você tem de ser repreendido por querer se estabelecer em Chuts LaAretz E NÃO NA Terra Santa e a Terra Escolhida de Hashem. Or haChayim Bamidbar 32:3 COLONIZAR ERETS ISRAEL É UMA MITSVÁ QUE ABRANGE TODA A TORÁ Colonizar Erets Israel é uma mitsvá que abrange toda a Torá, porque todo aquele que caminha quatro amot (cúbitos) sobre ela tem uma porção no mundo vindouro, que é todo vida. Or haChayim Devarim 30:20 Colonizar Erets Israel é uma mitsvá por si, a medida que percebemos quanto nossos rabis insistiram acerca da mitsvá de colonizar Erets Israel. Or haChayim Ketubot 111, Devarim 26:1 “Você não sabe? Você não ouviu? A beleza, a glória e a grandeza da mitsvá de fortalecer a colonização em Erets Israel, pois esta é uma grande mitsvá: despertar o velho amor e o desejo pela Terra Santa e renovar o amor como nos dias antigos, de modo que o amor arda como labaredas de fogo.” (O Alter Rebe citado no Sefer Mishnat Yoel) Porque o lugar principal para a observância das mitsvot é o mundo material, Erets Israel.
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