A NEW SPECIES OF (: ) FROM THE PLIOCENE OF , WITH A REVISION OF THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE LINE

EMILY H. VOKES TULANE UNIVERSITY

I. INTRODUCTION from extremely shallow water (Cercado Formation) to very deep water (Gurabo In the 20 years since the writer reviewed Formation). The lithologies range from the Turbinella in the New World conglomerates through sands to shales and (Vokes, 1964; 1966) there have been many coralline limestones. Somewhere in this changes in the age assignments of the for­ array of environmental conditions one mations in which the various species would assume that the representative of occur. Thus, in the table of distribution for the "angulata" line would have lived. But the lineage of what was termed therein the only examples of Turbinella present (1964, p. 40) the "angulata" group (in refer­ are either members of the "ancestral" ence to , * the Recent lineage (a new species near T. valida Sow­ species), those forms shown as erby) or T . praelaevigata Vokes ( = T. "middle Miocene" are now known to be mid-Pliocene (T. scapula Olsson, from the praeovoidea Maury non Vredenberg), a member of the smooth "laevigata" line. Rio Banana Formation of , and T. magdalenensis Weisbord, from the Tub­ Everywhere in the pre-Pleistocene fossil era Group of ) or basal Pleis­ record of the Caribbean a representative tocene (T. textilis Guppy, from the Bow­ of the "laevigata" line seems to predomi­ de n Formation of ). In the Florida nate. In the early Miocene Cantaure For­ section what was in 1964 an "unnamed mation of Venezuela (TU 1269) specimens upper Miocene formation" is now the of T. falconensis (Hodson) litter the Pinecrest unit, of middle Pliocene age. ground. In younger (Pliocene) beds of the The Caloosahatchee Formation is assumed same area ( to Trinidad) we see to be late Pliocene, as it overlies the Pine­ other membe rs of the line (T. trinitatis, crest and underlies the early Pleistocene riosecana, and colinensis). In the Florida Bermont Formation (the "unnamed post­ Pinecrest beds T. regina Heilprin is almost Caloosahatchee formation" of 1964). ubiquitous. With this new information it would ap­ Today, however, the sole member of the pear that there are no members of the "an­ line, T. laevigata Anton, is confined to an gulata" lineage known between the lowe r area along the coast of Brazil, from Amapa Miocene Chipolan species (T. chipolana to Espirito Santo (Rios, 1975, p. 108), or ap­ DaB and T. dalli Vokes) and the middle pmximately from the Equator to the Pliocene ones. This is, in large measure, Tropic of Capricorn. Here it is found on due to the fact that there are almost no sandy bottoms, in shallow water. This is geologic outcrops of this age available. For the same ecologic niche now pre~empted some unknown reason (late Miocene glaci­ by T. angulata in the Northern Hemis­ ation has been suggested, or perhaps a phere. Where this knobby interloper was subsidence of activity a long the mid-Atlan­ hiding through the middle and upper tic Ridge), there are virtually no beds of Miocene still must remain a mystery. late Mioce ne-early Pliocene age in tropical Perhaps, in time, additional localities will America. fill in the missing section but, for now, the One of the few exceptions to this is in the mid-Pliocene sea comes in with a roar that Cibao Va Hey of the Dominica n Republic. makes the Noachian flood seem believable Here we have a beautiful section ranging and brings with it a virtual "explosion" of *Complete references for all species mentioned the "angulata" line. In the southern Carib­ will be found at the end of this paper. bean T. angulata appears (in the

47 48 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 18 guise of T. magdalenensis) in Colombia, T. scolymoides, hoerlei, and angulata, in and T. scopula is seen in Costa Rica. In ad­ Florida; T. textilis in Jamaica; and an un­ dition, there is a new species, he re de­ described species, presumably a descen­ scribed, in the Agueguexquite Formation dant ofT. scopula, in the Mofn Formation of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, of Costa Rica. (See Table 1 - a revised dis­ which is much nearer in shape to the al­ most smooth T. scolymoides of southern tribution chart for the "angulata" lineage.) Florida than to the very knobby southern The origin of the entire T. angulata com­ forms. plex seems to lie with T. dalli Vokes from In Florida T. scolymoides is still confined the lower Miocene Chipola Formation. All to the late Pliocene Caloosahatchee and share virtually identical juvenile she lls younger beds - no example has yet been having an extremely large (ca. 5 mm in di­ discovered in the earlier Pinecrest beds. As was suggested in the 1966 paper, the ameter) protoconch a nd strong nodes on absence of T. scolymoides from the Pine­ all of the teleoconch whorls. The Chipolan crest is probably due to slightly cooler contemporary of T. dalli, T . chipolana water during the Pinecrest deposition for, Dall, also has a large protoconch but loses as Olsson noted in his original discussion of the strong teleoconch nodes after a few the Pinecrest fauna (in Olsson and Petit, whorls. The only other form with this type 1964, p. 157), there is a large admixture of northern forms and the whole fauna has a of development is the early Pleistocene T. "decidedly Chesapeake Miocene [i.e., textilis (Guppy), which when adult resem­ mid-Pliocene Yorktown Formation] as­ bles the weakly shouldered T. scoly­ pect." T his writer suggested that the moides. However, T. scolymoides has change from the cooler water Pinecrest strong nodes until approximately the sixth fauna to the more tropical Caloosahatchee teleoconch whorl, at which point it begins fauna was brought about by the closing of the Isthmus of Panama, with its resultant to smooth out; T . textilis is just the oppo­ creation of the Gulf Stream bringing site, the intermediate whorls are almost warmer waters across Florida (Vokes, smooth until about the sixth whorl when it 1966, p. 68). redevelops weak shoulder nodes (an adult Presumably T. regina was able to last for ofT. textilis has been figured by Pilsbry, a period of time but was gradually e limi­ 1922, pl. 25, fig. 5, as nated by the more aggressive(?) "an­ T. textilis jamaicen­ gulata" forms and, thus, diasppeared from sis). the Northern He misphere by the end of In the 1966 study it was suggestsed that the Pliocene, with the P le istocene com­ the Brazilian species T. tuberculata (F er­ pletely dominated by "angulata" species: reira) was closely related to T. angulata PLATE! Figures 1-3. Turbinella hermani E. H. Vokes, n. sp. 1. ( x 1) USNM 375457 (holotype); height 113 mm, diameter 44.2 mm. 2. ( x 2) USNM 375458 (paratype A); height 17.3 mm, diameter 8.8 mm. 3. ( x 1) USNM 375459 (paratype B); he ight 72 mm, diameter 30.9 mm. Locality of all: TU 638, Agueguexquite Formation, Mexico. 4. Turbinella angulata (Solander in Lightfoot). ( x 2) USNM 838039; he ight 16.4 mm, diameter 10 mm (shell removed from an egg­ capsule, showing "adult" sculpture on "embryonic" shell). Locality: TU R-75, Sisal, Yucatan, Mexico. 5. Turbinella hoerlei Vokes (X 2) USNM 375460; height 23.3 mm, diameter 11.7 mm. Locality: TU 201 , Bermont Formation, F lorida. 6. Turbinella scolymoides Dall ( x 2) PRI 26917a; height 32 mm, diameter 15 mm. Locality: TU 519, Caloosahatchee Formation , Florida. No.2

New Species ofTurbinella

49 2

PLATE 1 Vol. 18 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 50 shells. On the basis of comparative mate­ and might be ancestral to it. However, rial sent by Ferriera, it is more likely that since that time F e rriera has supplied the T. tuberculata is the adult of T. grata writer with plaster casts ofT. tuberculata and it can be seen that the Brazilian (Maury). In addition to the changes seen in the species is more closely allied with the history of the "angulata" lineage discussed Dominican T . valida, and presumably is herein, there are, not unexpectedly, many anothe r member of the ''ancestral" comparable changes in the other two lineage, those species with a relatively groups previously discussed -the "ancest- small protoconch and extremely nodose

angulata scolymoides

hoerlei n.sp. angulata textilis

scolymoides

hermani scopula!magdalenensis

I ' 'I I

I I

I '

I I I I I

I I I I

I I

I I I chipolana dalli

--? ... ---

TABLE I. GEOLOGIC DISTRIBUTION (REVISED) OF THE " ANGULATA" LINEAGE OF THE GENUS TURBINELLA, IN THE NEW WORLD. No.2 New Species ofTurbinella 51

ral" and (( laevigata" lineages. However, most impossible with a juvenile, as they these will be covered in a future paper on are all very much alike, but it is simple the genus Turbinella in the Dominican Re­ with an adult shell. Thus, the adult of T. public, where there are representatives of hermani may be distinguished from its both of the other groups. more southern contemporaries, T. scapula and T. magdalenensis, by the lack of the II. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION strong "knobs" at the shoulder. However, Superfa mily VOLUTACEA Rafinesque, its neighbor to the north, T. scolymoides, 1815 although similar in being weakly noded, is F a mily TURBINELLINAE Swainson, a more inflated shell with the nodes con­ 1840 fined to the shoulder a rea of the whorl. Subfamily TURBINELLINAE Swainson, The younger T. hoerlei is also closely re­ 1840 lated to T. hermani , but differs in having Genus TURBINELLA Lamarck, 1822 more numerous nodes, which also are con­ fined to the shoulder area. Unlike both of T u RBINELLAHERMANIE. H. Vokes, n. sp. these forms, T. hermani has the nodes de­ Plate 1, figs. 1-3. veloped from the shoulder to the base of Description: Shell biconic; seven whorls in the body whorl, with a deep concavity be­ holotype; protoconch large, probably of four tween these nodes extending across the cylindrical whorls, usually truncated and plug­ smooth band encircling the main portion of ged. Ornamentation beginning faintly with in­ the body whorl. One might say it has a itially one median cord, others gradually ap­ rather emaciated appearance in contrast pearing; by onset of axial ornamentation ap­ to the "plump" Florida species. proximately seven spiral cords; this number re­ Given the stratigraphic constraints pres­ maining constant thereafter; smaller cords inter­ calated and increasing in size, with adult spiral sently accepted, we assume that T. her­ ornamentation consisting of alternating major mani is ancestral to T. scolymoides, which and minor cords, separated by tertiary threads; in turn gave rise to T. hoerlei, the three medial portion of adult whorl less ornamented, forms representing a completely different almost smooth. Axial ornamentation beginning branch of the "angulata" lineage from the on second or third teleoconch whorl with about typical knobby forms, which began farther ten narrow, sharply elongate ridges, decreasing south and only moved into the Gulf a rea in number to seven on third and subsequent with the advent of warmer water, as dis­ whorls. First two or three ornamented whorls cussed above. with moderately strong subsutural band, but Although the type material is relatively subsequently evanescing and not especially con­ small, fragments in the type lot indicate an spicious on adult whorls. Axial ridges continuing adult of a least 200 mm in height, as large as elongate ribs, not elevated at shoulder, with interspaces appearing ''pinched-in." Aperture as any of the other species of Turbinella. elongate, siphonal canal long and straight; col­ The species is moderately uncommon; the umellar wall bearing three strong plaits. entire type lot consists, in addition to the Holotype: USNM 375457; height 113 mm, di­ figured specimens, only of broken col­ ameter44.2 mm . umellas, or other pieces, and one addi­ Type locality: TU 638, Agueguexquite Forma­ tional juvenile. tion, road cut, pipeline cut, and quarry, on This new species is named in honor of Mexico Highway 180, 14 miles east of junction George Herman, Shell Oil Company. New with side road into Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Orleans, long time friend and "field-assis­ Mexico. tant," w ho collected the type specimen at Figured specimens: Fig. 1, USNM 375457 great risk to life and limb. (holotype). Fig. 2, USNM 375458 (paratype A); height 17.3 mm, diameter 8.8 mm. Fig. 3, USNM III. REFERENCES 375459 (paratype B); height 72 mm, diameter 30.9 mm. All from locality TU 638. Other occur­ FOR SPECIES CITED rence: locality TU 1046. angulata, Voluta SOLANDER in LIGHT­ Discussion: Separation of the various FOOT, 1786, Portland Cat., p. 76. members of the "angulata" lineage is al- chipolana, Turbinella DALL, 1890, Wag- 52 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 18 ner Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v. 3, pt. 1, p. Amer. Paleont., v. 10, no. 42, p. 97, pl. 10, fig. 7. 208(360), pl. 39(50), fig. 1. colininsis, Xancus H. K. HODSON, 1931, tuberculatus, Xancus FERREIRA, 1964, Bulls. Amer. Paleont. , v. 16, no. 59, p. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Bol., 40, pl. 21, fig. 4. (n.s.) Geologia, no. 10, p. 1, pls. 1, 2. dalli, Turbinella E. H. VOKES, 1964, validus, Turbinellus SOWERBY, 1850, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 2, no. 2, p. 59, pl. Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour., v. 6, 2, fig. 2. p. 50. falconensis, Xancus H. K. Hodson, 1931, Bulls. Amer. Paleont., v. 16, no. 59, p. IV. LITERATURE CITED 40, pl. 22, figs. 1, 3. OLSSON, A. A., and R. E. PETIT, 1964, Some gratus, Xancus MAURY, 1925, Serv. Geol. Neogene Mollusca from Florida and the Min. Brasil, Mon. 4, p. 152-153, pl. 7, fig. Carolinas: Bulls. Amer. Paleontology, v. 47, 4. no. 217, p. 509-574, pis. 77-83. hoerlei, Turbinella E. H. VOKES, 1966, PILSBRY, H. A., 1922, Revision of W. M. Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 4, no. 2, p. 68, pl. Gabb's Tertiary Mollusca of Santo Domingo: Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc., v. 73, p. 305- 2, fig. 1; pl. 3, fig. 1. 435, pis. 16-47. laevigata, Turbinella ANTON, 1839, Ver­ RIOS, E. C., 1975, Brazilian Marine Mollusks zeichniss der Conchylien, Halle, p. 71. Iconography. Museum Oceanografico, Rio magdalenensis, Xancus WEISBORD, 1929, Grande, RGS, Brazil. 331 p., 91 pis. Bulls. Amer. Paleont., v. 14, no. 54, p. VOKES, E. H., 1964, The genus Turbinella 46(278), pl. 7(42), fig. 1. (Mollusca:Gastropoda) in the New World: praelaevigata, Turbinella E. H. VOKES, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 2, no. 2, p. 39-68, pis. 1964, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 2, no. 2, p. 1-3, I text fig., 1 table. 52 (n. n. pro Xancus praeovoideus Maury VOKES, E. H., 1966, Observations on Tur­ non Turbinella praeovoidea Vreden­ binella scolymoides Dall, with description of berg). a new species of Turbinella: Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 4, no. 2, p. 63-71,2 pis. praeovoidea, Turbinella VREDENBERG, 1916, Mem. Indian Mus., v. 6, p. 123. V. LOCALITY DATA praeovoideus, Xancus MAURY, 1917, 201. Bermont Fm., spoil banks at pit just south Bulls. Amer. Paleont., v. 5, no. 29, p. of Belle Glade (at Belle Glade Camp), 83(247) [as proavoideus, corrected in er­ Palm Beach, Co., Florida. rata], pl. 14(40), fig. 18. 519. Caloosahatchee Fm., Harney Pond Canal regina, Turbinella HEILPRIN, 1887, spoil banks, at F lorida Highway 78, north­ Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v. 1, p. west side of Lake Okeechobee (NW Y4 74, pl. 3, fig. 5. Sec. 18, T40S, R33E), Glades Co., Florida. riosecanus, Xancus H. K. HODSON, 1931, 638. Agueguexquite Fm., roadcut, pipeline Bulls. Amer. Paleont., v. 16, no. 60, p. cut, and quarry on Mexico Highway 180, 14 miles east of junction with side road 12(106) as X. praeovoideus riosecanus, into Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico. pl. 11(35), fig. 1; pl. 12(36), fig. 1. 1046. Agueguexquite Fm., roadcuts on both scolymoides, Turbinella DALL, 1890, Wag­ sides of Mexico Highway 180, 7.5 miles ner Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v. 3, pt. 1, p. east of junction with side road into Coat­ 98, pl. 3, figs. 2, 5. zacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico. (This local­ scopulus, Xancus OLSSON, 1922, Bulls. ity is that described in Perrilliat Montoya, Amer. Paleont., v. 9, no. 39, p. 111(283), 1960, Paleontologia Mexicana, no. 8, p. 5. ) pl. 11(14), fig. 1. 1269. Cantaure Fm., series of arroyos about 500 textilis, Fasciolaria GUPPY, 1873, Sci. yards south of "Casa Cantaure" [which is Assoc. Trinidad, Proc., v. 2, p. 80; 1874, literally one house and which is about 400 Geol. Mag. (Decade 2) v. 1, p. 410, pl. yards south of older, now abandoned, house that was the "Casa Cantaure" of 16, fig. 5. Jung, 1965, and others], 14 km (by road) textilis jamaicensis, Xancus PILSBRY, west of Pueblo Nuevo, Paraguana Penin­ 1922, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc., v. sula, Venezuela. 73, p. 307, 343, pl. 25, figs. 5, 6. R-75. Beach at Sisal, northwest corner of Yuca­ trinitatis, Xancus MAURY, 1925, Bulls. tan Peninsula, Yucatan, Mexico. October 31, 1984