Chapter Six: Endings and Beginnings Going out Of
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A Guide to the Planning, Organization, the city’s waterfront, with a range of community fees for television over those charged facilities including a new aquarium, multimodal at prior Olympic events, making Design & Operation of World Expositions transit station, convention center, 9,000-seat it evident that previous organizers performance hall, and new housing. and the IOC had undervalued the assets they controlled. On the cost side, Los Angeles built Hanover, Germany’s Expo 2000 served as a vehicle only one new sports venue – a swimming pool Chapter Six: Endings and Beginnings to expand the city’s trade fair, one of the largest paid for by MacDonald’s – and staged the Games Going Out of Business Successfully in Europe. in existing facilities, thereby saving millions of dollars in costs when compared to previous How and how much a city benefits from hosting organizations. Of course, the region had many and Building the Expo Legacy an expo is primarily a matter of good planning. existing facilities to draw upon, but the organizers But the above examples demonstrate that expos fully realized the potential of these assets, and - unlike major one-time sports events which have leveraged them. For the IOC, the use of existing This world exposition business guide is intended substantial municipal and regional benefits that, in specific building and facilities requirements - are facilities has become something of a mantra for to assist those who are involved in, or considering the case of a well-planned event, accompany the more flexible and can leave behind a host of dealing with rising costs and addressing critics becoming involved in, a modern world’s fair or privilege of hosting. residual developments including parks, meeting who are increasingly calling on event organizers international expo – whether as host, organizer, and performance halls, theme structures, to develop sustainable projects. promoter, participant, sponsor, concessionaire, Consider: Zaragoza Expo 2008 ran June 14-Sept museums, housing… practically anything that a designer or contractor. THE EXPO BOOK provides 14. When it closed its doors, it began the process community needs. of converting its pavilions into a 160,000-square- Based on the experience of several feasibility useful information, guidelines, illustrations, facts studies conducted by the authors, the use of meter business park. Whereas in Shanghai, Expo The US hasn’t just passively left off hosting expos. and figures and relevant examples, gained through existing buildings could significantly reduce an 2010 (set to run May 1 – Oct 31 of that year) is the The US is in fact no longer a member of the Bureau the authors’ decades of experience advising the expo’s costs when compared with building new instrument of regenerating a run-down industrial of International Expositions. The Paris-based organizers of world expositions, Olympic Games structures. Several options studied in the San waterfront site as a component of the Huangpu BIE is a quasi-governmental treaty organization and other mega-events. Portions of it have been Francisco Bay Area included: former military Riverside Regeneration Program. “The expo will formed in the late1920s to regulate the hosting of printed in IPM Magazine in six installments that installations (warehouses, aircraft hangars, etc.), not only give the area a complete facelift, but international expositions. The US was an active, began in Nov 2007. All six chapters are published waterfront piers, and convention centers. Other also turn it into a pilot for new urban living, a firm supportive BIE member state for many years. But online at TheExpoBook.com. potential sites could be large state and county testament to the very theme of Expo 2010: ‘Better the US government now has legislation in place fairgrounds. All of these buildings could serve, As Nations Around the World Pursue City, Better Life,’” say organizers. that prevents the country from spending a dime of with a little imagination and some temporary federal funds on participation in expos abroad – and the Expo Dream, US Should Get Back improvements, as exhibition halls for an expo. Following 1958, when Brussels, Belgium was the so the US participation record has deteriorated. The in the Game first to host a world expo after World War II, half a US was not among the community of international A Solid Post-Expo Plan is Essential The following segment first appeared as an dozen expos took place in the United States within exhibitors at Hanover Expo 2000, which marked article by Gordon Linden and Paul Creighton in a 22-year period. These were: Seattle’s Century the creation of the European Union. (The US was In the case of Shanghai, which is building from the 2008 TEA Annual & Directory, published by 21 Exposition (’62), the New York World’s Fair of present at Aichi Expo 2005, in an attractive, well- scratch, the redeveloped site is close to Shanghai’s the Themed Entertainment Association. The Expo 1964-1965, HemisFair in San Antonio, Texas (’68), attended pavilion….funded by Toyota one of the downtown and its transportation lines. The Book and IPM are indebted to TEA for granting Expo 74 in Spokane, Washington, the International best-selling auto brands in the US.) shipyards and steel plants being displaced will reprint permission. Energy Exposition in Knoxville, Tennessee (’82) be relocated. “This fits perfectly into the city’s and finally the Louisiana World Exposition of Cost is a factor in all of this. Some criticize the industrial restructuring strategy,” say organizers. The last World Expo in the US was New Orleans 1984 (the same year as the Los Angeles Summer “here today – gone tomorrow” character of 1984. Since that time, world expos have been held Olympics). many past international expositions wherein In contrast to the decline of interest and support in Japan (’85), Canada (’86), Australia (’88), Spain big, expensive structures were built only to be on the part of the US government in participating Building International Goodwill and (’92), Korea (’93), Portugal (’98), Germany (2000) demolished later with little or nothing permanent in expos abroad and promoting home-grown Boosting Trade Japan (’05), and Spain again (’08). Following that, to show for all the trouble. expos, there is no lack of interest and participation China hosts Shanghai Expo 2010, Korea hosts While New Orleans 84 was neither a model of on the part of other countries and international Legacy is about what you leave behind Yeosu Expo 2012 and Milan hosts Expo 2015. But organization nor of content, it nevertheless was entities, which have been signing up to participate in the US, the hosting of expos has come to an in record numbers. They recognize the benefits of a useful redevelopment vehicle, leaving a series The cost question can be examined by looking abrupt end, in spite of a long history that includes doing so in terms of building international goodwill of improvements to downtown New Orleans at the Olympic Games. Los Angeles 1984 many outstanding events. and boosting trade. supporting the city’s tourist and convention demonstrated that hosting the Games could be business. Other US cities have enjoyed post- In the meantime, other nations around the globe managed in a financially positive way. Organizers Given current political circumstances and priorities, expo benefits. continue to pursue the expo dream, along with the achieved a surplus by doing two things: raising the near term opportunities for the US to promote revenues and lowering expenses. They were able Lisbon, Portugal, in hosting Expo ’98, replaced a world expo look slim. But, as with the case of the to significantly increase the broadcast rights an aging refinery located on prime real estate on ’84 Olympics wherein Los Angeles was the only Authors Gordon Linden & Paul Creighton Special Contributor Bob Rogers Editor Judith Rubin Graphic Designer Urso Chappell viable bidder for the Summer Games after Tehran How NOT to Go Over Budget: But they’re not. The seasoned professionals see a In the words of John Krug, project had dropped out, sometimes change comes different picture. They focus on the 11 key budget executive for General Motors, one of when opportunity knocks. With America’s need Eleven Key Pressure Points to Pressure Points that generate 95% of the cost over- BRC’s expo pavilion clients: “I don’t care what the to reposition its image abroad at a crossroads, runs in themed entertainment projects. By closely Designer says it will cost. The only estimate worth expo participation would seem a logical vehicle. Watch in an Expo Pavilion watching these Pressure Points, they keep their listening to is from the producer who promises to At home, with numerous urban redevelopment Note from the authors: The following segment from pavilion budgets on target. deliver for that price or risk losing his house.” opportunities being created through needs to special contributor Bob Rogers, president of BRC Here is what they watch for: Designers who also produce are constantly taking address environmental problems of the past and Imagination Arts. Rogers gives essential tips on staying city centers seek to reclaim their vitality after their designs to the field and facing the results. within budget while producing an expo pavilion. decades of decline through suburban expansion, Pressure Point #1: Avoid One-Of-A- They know how to design so it is easy and feasible to build. And they know from bitter experience an Expo could be a viable means to forge real By Bob Rogers and the professional staff of BRC Kind/State-of-the-Art exactly what things really cost. change. Some re-thinking of the concept - a truly Imagination Arts, Burbank, The Netherlands, creative, fresh approach that takes into account Has anyone ever said this to you? “Give me United Kingdom Solution: Find a Planner/Designer who produces a new time and a new vision, as was done with something new, unique, never done before, never what they draw.