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Nash, Edgecombe, Wilson Counties & Municipalities North Carolina

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Nash, Edgecombe, Wilson Counties & Municipalities North Carolina N.E.W. REGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2015-2020 Nash, Edgecombe, Wilson Counties & Municipalities North Carolina ACKNOWLEDGMENT This N.E.W. Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan was created through partnership by and between, and includes information for, Nash, Edgecombe, and Wilson Counties and their Cities and Towns including Bailey, Castalia, Dortches, Middlesex, Momeyer, Nashville, Red Oak, Spring Hope, Conetoe, Leggett, Macclesfield, Pinetops, Princeville, Rocky Mount, Sharpsburg, Speed, Tarboro, Whitakers, Black Creek, Elm City, Lucama, Saratoga, Sims, Stantonsburg, and Wilson. Funding for this Plan was provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the North Carolina Department of Emergency Management as a result of a Presidential Declaration related to hurricane Irene that produced disastrous weather conditions which had a devastating impact upon this and other regions of NC. Grant fund contractual services and oversight were provided by the State of North Carolina, Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management through a contract award to Nash County, North Carolina. Plan preparation and project facilitation was accomplished through a sub-contract by and between Nash County, NC and the Upper Coastal Plain Council of Governments and would not have been possible without the dedicated cooperation of the numerous Elected and appointed officials in the region including but not limited to Mayors, Commissioners, Managers, Administrators, Emergency Management, Planning, Geographic Information System, and other personnel. BAILEY, CASTALIA, CONETOE, LEGGETT, MACCLESFIELD, MOMEYER, NASHVILLE, RED OAK, SARATOGA, SIMS, SPEED, WHITAKERS TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary xvi-xviii Section 1 Introduction to Hazard Mitigation Planning and the Nash-Edgecombe-Wilson Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan 1.1 Hazard Mitigation Planning 1 1.2 Regional Hazard Mitigation Planning 4 1.3 Involvement of the Upper Coastal Plain Council of Governments 6 1.4 Development of this Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan 7 1.5 Jurisdictions Included In the Hazard Mitigation Plan 8 1.6 Review of Existing Plans 9 1.7 Location of Planning Region 9 Section 2 Description of the Nash-Edgecombe-Wilson County Area 2.1 Location, Topography, Geology, and Geography 10 2.2 Climate 14 2.3 Potential Climate Change Impact and Hazard Mitigation 16 2.4 Surface Waters 19 2.5 Population 20 2.6 Transportation Services 22 2.7 Incorporation of Existing Plans and Reports 24 i Section 3 Planning Process 3.1 Background 26 3.2 Subcontract to Council of Governments 27 3.3 Participating Local Governments 27 3.4 Meeting Federal and State Regulations 27 3.5 Progress Reports 28 3.6 Local Adoption 29 3.7 Previous Hazard Mitigation Plans 29 3.8 Resources 30 3.9 Planning Team Members 32 3.10 Meetings 35 3.11 Public Involvement 40 3.12 Communication Tools and Records 43 3.13 Specific Topics and Sections in the Plan 44 Section 4 Assessment of Community Capabilities 4.1 Introduction 50 4.2 Mitigation Planning and Implementation Requirements 54 4.3 Administrative & Technical Capabilities 57 4.3.1 Governing Boards, Service Departments, Functions and Agencies 57 4.3.2 County Government Functions and Resources 63 4.3.3 Municipal Government Functions and Resources 65 ii 4.4 Planning and Regulatory Capabilities 4.4.1 Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program 69 4.4.2 Plans, Ordinances and Related Initiatives 73 4.4.3 Assessment of Local Plans, Ordinances and Related Initiatives 80 4.4.4 Recommendations to Local Governments Based Upon the Previous Assessment of Their Plans, Ordinances, and Related Initiatives 89 4.5 Financial Capabilities: Fiscal Ordinances and Other Finance-Related Initiatives 93 4.6 Educational and Outreach Capabilities: Assets and Opportunities 99 4.7 Legal and Political Capabilities: Legal Authority and Local Political Will to Implement Hazard Mitigation Initiatives 103 4.8 Recommendations 104 Section 5 Risk Assessment 5.1 Introduction 110 5.2 Hazard Identification 111 5.2.1 Dam/Levee Failure 119 5.2.2 Drought/Heat Waves 128 5.2.3 Earthquakes 144 5.2.4 Floods 152 5.2.5 Fog 163 5.2.6 Geological 166 5.2.7 Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, and Extratropical Storms (Nor'easters) 188 iii 5.2.8 Severe Winter Weather 200 5.2.9 Thunderstorms (Hail, Lightning, Thunderstorm Wind) 211 5.2.10 Tornadoes 231 5.2.11 Wildfires/Forest Fires 239 5.3 Identification of Community Assets 5.3.1 Introduction 247 5.3.2 People 247 5.3.3 Vulnerable Populations 249 5.3.4 Economy 254 5.3.5 General Development and Growth Trends 259 5.3.6 Natural Environment 264 5.3.7 Critical Facilities 267 5.4 Analysis and Summarization of Risks and Vulnerabilities – Existing Structures and Property Damage 5.4.1 Introduction 269 5.4.2 Floodplain Hazard 269 5.4.3 Hurricane and Tornado Hazards 278 5.4.4 Impact of Hazards on Creation of Debris and Debris Removal 279 Section 6 Mitigation Strategies 6.1 Overall Goals And Objectives 288 6.2 Local Government Actions 290 6.3 Implementation/Action Plan 396 6.4 Potential Funding Sources 397 iv Section 7 Plan Maintenance 7.1 Monitoring and Evaluating the Plan 426 7.2 Updating the Plan 428 7.3 Public Involvement 430 7.4 Plan Amendment Process 430 v TABLES 1.1 Represented Jurisdictions 8 2.1 Participating County Area’s Highest & Lowest Elevations 11 2.2 Extremes In Temperature, Precipitation and Snowfall 16 2.3 Area Dams and Reservoirs 20 2.4 Participating County and Municipality Populations 21 3.0 Nash-Edgecombe-Wilson Mitigation Advisory Committee 32 4.1 Relevant Departments or Staff for Hazard Mitigation Activities in Nash, Wilson, and Edgecombe Counties 64 4.2 Relevant Departments or Staff for Hazard Mitigation Activities in Jurisdictions Within Nash County 66 4.3 Relevant Departments or Staff for Hazard Mitigation Activities in Jurisdictions in Wilson County 67 4.4 Relevant Departments or Staff for Hazard Mitigation Activities in Jurisdictions Within Edgecombe County 68 4.5 Relevant National Flood Prevention Program Participation, Related Flood Ordinance, Insurance Claims and CRS Participation 70 4.6 Community Rating System Communities in the Three County Area 80 4.7 Relevant Management and Planning Policies or Initiatives That Can Be Integrated With Hazard Mitigation Initiatives (Nash County Jurisdictions) 82 4.8 Relevant Management and Planning Policies or Initiatives That Can Be Integrated With Hazard Mitigation Initiatives (Wilson County Jurisdictions) 84 4.9 Relevant Management and Planning Policies or Initiatives That Can Be Integrated With Hazard Mitigation Initiatives (Edgecombe County) 86 vi 4.10 Relevant Financial Resources for Hazard Mitigation 96 4.11 Available Fund Balance Expressed as a Percentage of the Net Expenditures by Year 98 4.12 Education and Outreach Resources for Hazard Mitigation 100 5.1 Listing of Identified Greater Natural Hazards by Group Designation 112 5.2 Listing of Identified Lesser Natural Hazards by Group Designation 112 5.3 Vulnerability Scores by County for each Hazard in the 2010 NC Hazard Mitigation Plan 113 5.4 Presidential Disaster Declarations in the Upper Coastal Plain Region (1968 – October 2013) 118 5.5 High Hazard Dams in the Planning Area 125 5.6 USACE Program Levees in the Upper Coastal Plain Region 125 5.7 Dam Hazards Classifications 126 5.8 Definitions of Drought 128 5.9 Palmer Drought Severity Index 131 5.10 National Weather Service Heat Index 137 5.11 Relationship between the Heat Index & Heat Disorders (for People in Higher Risk Groups) 138 5.12 Drought Conditions for Recent Years in the Upper Coastal Plain Region (2000-2013) 139 5.13 Summary of Drought Events for Recent Years in the Upper Coastal Plain Region (2000-2013) 140 5.14 Summary of Extreme Drought Events for Recent Years in the Three-County Planning Area Region (2000-2013) 140 5.15 Historic Earthquakes within roughly 75 miles of the Study Area 148 vii 5.15a Flood High Water Marks from Selected Streamgaging Stations in the Edgecombe, Nash, Wilson County Region 154 5.16 Flood Events in the Edgecombe, Nash, Wilson County Region 1966 – 2014 (through January) 155 5.17 Hurricane Floyd Damage Assessment for Three-County Region 158 5.18 Repetitive Loss Building Information within the Three-County Region 160 5.19 Estimated Annual Deaths in the US from Various Causes 169 5.20 Radon Test Results in Planning Area 185 5.21 Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale 191 5.22 Dolan-Davis Nor’easter Intensity Scale 192 5.23 Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, and Depressions within 75 Miles of the Five-County Planning Area: 1851 – 2008 194 5.24 Damages from Hurricanes Affecting the Five-County Planning Area: 1996 – 2014 (through February) 196 5.25 Nor’easters Impacting North Carolina: 1935 – 2009 199 5.26 Winter Weather – Winter Storm Data for the Planning Area: 1959 – February 2014 202 5.27 Historic Hail Data for the Planning Area: January 1955 – July 2014 215 5.28 Historic Lightning Data for the Planning Area: January 1996 – July 2014 220 5.29 Historic Thunderstorm Wind Data for the Planning Area: January 1955 – July 2014 221 5.30 The Enhanced Fujita Tornado Scale 235 5.31 Historic Tornado Data for the Planning Area: January 1950 – July 2014 236 viii 5.32 Wildfires/Forest Fires by Cause in North Carolina, 1972-2013 240 5.33 Ten Year Fire Occurrence Statistics for Nash County: 2004 – 2014 242 5.34 Ten Year Fire Occurrence Statistics for Edgecombe County: 2004 – 2014 242 5.35 Ten Year Fire Occurrence Statistics for Wilson County: 2004 – 2014 243 5.36 Ten Year Fire Occurrence Statistics for the Region (Nash, Edgecombe, & Wilson County Combined): 2004 – 2014 243 5.37 Historic
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