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Copyrighted Material Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. Abdullah I, 168 in Soviet Union, 295 Admor of Chortkov, 23, 63 See also violence and massacres Admor of Zanz, 64 apocalypse, 361 Admor of Zhidachov, 25, 26, 34–37, 62 Arabs, 165–66, 168 Aelia Capitolina, 5 Aramaic, 380 Agricultural SS Unit, 272–73 Ari of Safed, 30, 35, 52 agriculture, land leases, 20–21, 27 aristocracy (szlachta), 13, 17, 21 Ahavat Zion, 79 Aristotle, 53 airplanes, 149 Armavir, 244, 262 Aktion (aktzias) Armia Krajowa, 314 in Bolechow, 258–59, 323–26 Asad, Muhammad. See Weiss, Leopold in Boryslav, 278–79 (Muhammad Asad) in Drohobych, 249, 273–74, 276–77, Asad, Munira, 172, 331, 334, 335 281–83 Asad, Pola Hamida, 156, 334, 335 SS’s responsibility, 245–46 Asad, Talal, 172, 331 Alayev (Communist Party secretary in Salyany), Ashkenaz, 3, 6, 8, 9, 91 310–11 Ashkenazi, Moses Aaron, 40, 51 Al Azhar University, 335 Ashkenazi, Rachel, 40 Alexander (Poland), 126 Asino, 242 Alexandrowitsch, Dr., 133 assimilation, 218–20 Aliyev, 296 Austria, 23, 225, 333 al-Shammari, Husayn, 172 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 27, 60, 86, 102, al-Wahhab, Muhammad ibn Abd, 331–32 105–8, 109, 132 American-JewishCOPYRIGHTED Organization, 373 automobiles, MATERIAL 80, 149 Anders, Wladyslaw, 293–94 Avigdor, Isaac, 301, 303 Anglobank, 75 Avigdor, Rabbi Yaacov, 301, 302, 303 anti-Semitism Azerbaijan, 263, 285, 287–99 and assimilation, 219–20 at Lvov University, 221–22 Baal Shem Tov, Rabbi Israel, 32–33, 34, 63 of Poles, 26–27, 135–36, 188, 215, 219–20 Babylonian Talmud, 161 of Ruthenians, 128–29 Babzade family, 297 in Salyany, 294–96 Backenroth, Abraham (tavern keeper), 19, 40 405 bbindex.inddindex.indd 440505 88/5/08/5/08 22:33:49:33:49 PPMM 406 INDEX Backenroth, A. (company), 76 Backenroth, Miriam Yuta, 156 Backenroth, Arie, 117–19 Backenroth, Naftali “Tulek,” 204, 316 Backenroth, Avi, 386 childhood of, 201 Backenroth, Avraham Yosef “Avrumche” family tree, 212 Chortkov court tradition, 62–65 forged identity, 301–8 death of son, Arie, 118–19, 120 Judenrat membership offer, 247, 248 family trees, 40, 156, 211, 212 during Nazi occupation, 245, 248, 250–58, Franz Josef’s ball in honor of, 121–23 270–78, 281–82, 317–18 funding grandson Moye’s Jerusalem trip, 150 during Nazi withdrawal, 311–12 labor riots, 67 Soviet interrogation after war, 311–14 marriage to Haya Heller, 51, 55–56 during Soviet occupation, 201–3 and mother’s business acumen, 50 after WWII, 352 oil company, 61–62, 75–76, 81, 146, 201 Backenroth, Papche, 122–23 Passover celebration, 148–49 Backenroth, Pearl, 56 and wealth, 62 Backenroth, Sabina, 202, 212, 282 Backenroth, Babe Libbe, 156, 212 Backenroth, Sara-Ethel, 118, 123, 143 Backenroth, Clara. See Sobel, Clara Backenroth Backenroth, S. (company), 76 Backenroth, David Hirsch, 156, 201, 212 Backenroth, Shmuel Leib, 14, 19, 20, 23, 40 Backenroth, David Moses “Moye” Backenroth, Shmuel Leib II childhood, 143–45 education funding, 35 memories of grandfather Avrumche, 119, family trees, 40, 156, 212 123, 149 marriage to Debora Schor, 43–44 on Muscophiles, 121 oil discovery/business, 39, 42–44, 50 pogrom escape, 143–44 religious observance, 62 in Romania during WWII, 199, 200 Backenroth, Shmuel Leib “Leibele” (Stella’s Zionism, 145–46, 150–51 father), 211–12, 250 Backenroth, Deborah Rubinstein, 156 Backenroth, Shmuel Yitzhak, 56, 119, 144 Backenroth, Debora Schor, 43–44, 50, 51, Backenroth, Silcha, 156, 158 156, 212 Backenroth, Silke Kupermann (Kuperberg), Backenroth, Dora, 311 19, 23 Backenroth, Elimeilech, 3, 16 Backenroth, Stella. See Wieseltier, Backenroth, Elimeilech “Meilech” Epstein Stella Backenroth death of, 42 Backenroth, Tsiril, 23, 25, 27, 35–37, 39, 40, economic diffi culties and Rabbi’s fi nancial 212 advice, 25, 27, 28, 35–37 Backenroth, Wolf, 212 marriage to Tsiril, 23 Backenroth, Zvi Hersh, 39 oil discovery, 39 Backenroth, Zygus, 199, 315 religious observance, 62 Backenroth & Gaertner, 76 Backenroth, George, 212, 282, 307 Backenroth & Horn, 76 Backenroth, Gittel, 156 Backenroth-Bronicki, Naftali. See Backenroth, Backenroth, Haya Heller, 40, 51, 55, 65, 156, Naftali “Tulek” 211, 212 Backenroth Brothers (oil company), 56, 58, Backenroth, Isaac, 122 59–60, 75–76, 208 Backenroth, Isaiah “Schie,” 212 Backenroth clan Backenroth, Israel, 156, 202, 212, 301, 302 Drohobych settlement, 15–16 Backenroth, Itzig, 39 migration (1350), 3–5, 12 Backenroth, Junia, 202, 212, 248 origin of name, 12–13 Backenroth, Leib (brother of Naftali), 201, Backenroth-Heller, David Moses “Moye.” See 202, 212 Backenroth, David Moses “Moye” Backenroth, Leib (father of Stella), 198, 199, Baden, 110–11 201 Bagirov, Mir Jafar, 295, 296 Backenroth, M. & Leib, J. (company), 76 Baker, Josephine, 213 Backenroth, Melech, 212 Baku, 263, 287, 291 bbindex.inddindex.indd 440606 88/5/08/5/08 22:33:50:33:50 PPMM INDEX 407 Balfour Declaration, 377 synagogue, 86 ball, in honor of Avrumche, 121–22 WWI, 102–3, 107–8, 116 banks, 73, 75 Book of Zohar, 30 Bardach, Hermann, 127 books, 317 Bar Kokhba, 5 Boryslav Barsam family, 328 Carpathian Oil Company, 278 Barsam, Sara, 212 environmental problems, 74 Bavaria, 8 labor unrest, 70 Bedouins, 165 map, 43 Beilis, Menahem Mendel, 112–13 oil, 42, 44, 47, 69 Beitz, Berthold, 278–81 population statistics, 368, 369, 387 Beitz, Elsa, 278, 280 work camp during WWII, 280 belfer, 178 bourgeoisie, 203–4, 227 Belgium, 371–72 Brahe, Tycho, 52 Belz´ec extermination camp , 258–59, 279, 280, Brahms, Johannes, 176 321, 326–27 Braude, Rabbi Aryeh Leib, 125 ben-Israel, Menashe, 361 Brazil, 78, 229–30, 336–37, 342–50 Berg, Alban, 122 bribery, 253 Berger, Israel, 371 Bronica Forest, 250, 251, 254, 315, 353–54 Berger, Josef, 371 Bronicki, Katya, 301–2 Bergheim, John, 72 Bronicki, Lucien Jehuda, 156, 204, 212, 282, Bergheim & MacGarvey Company, 72 316, 350, 351–55 Bergwald, Dr., 301, 302–3 Bronicki, Mikola, 302 Beria, Lavrenty, 392 Bronicki, Naftali “Tulek.” See Backenroth, Berlin, 163 Naftali “Tulek” Beskiden Erdöl AG, 391 Bronicki, Yehudit, 351 Bessarabia, 292 Bruckenstein (pianist), 324 Betar movement, 188, 239 Bucharin, Nickolai Ivanovich, 239 Bet-Yaakov seminary, 216–17 Budyonny, Semyon, 262 bin Ali, Hussein, 168 Bukovina, 109 Bismarck, Otto von, 78 Bulgaria, 311 Bissel, George, 47 Bund party, 127 Black Death, 4–5, 9–11 Bunem of Przusucha, Simha, 365 Black Madonna of Czestochowa, 314 Block, Hans, 276, 282 calendar, Jewish, 373 Blumenthal, Yaakov, 101, 138, 176, 178, 187, Canada, 78 190, 325 Carpathian Mountains, 4 Bolechow Carpathian Oil Company, 278–80 church, 87 Casimir the Great (Poland), 12, 17, 359 city hall, 84, 85 Caspian Sea, 265–67 description of, 84–85 casting sins upon waters, 236 government school, 90 Catholic Center, 324 Great Depression, 186–91 Catholic Church, 54–55, 365 Jewish-Christian relations, 94 cemeteries, 52 Jewish emigration, 141 charitable activities and contributions, 65, 77, Jewish school, 90, 181–82 187, 190 Jewish settlers, 91–93 Chechens, 264 leather industry, 83, 93–98, 175–76 Chillon, 10 map, 43 China, 363 market, 101 Chopin, Frederick, 176 Nazi occupation, 321–26 Chortkov dynasty, 62–65 roads, 185 Christians and Christianity, 7, 94, 170–71, 219 Soviet occupation, 227–28 Churchill, Winston, 389 bbindex.inddindex.indd 440707 88/5/08/5/08 22:33:51:33:51 PPMM 408 INDEX cigarettes, 189 Dimitrov, Giorgi, 311 circumcision, 5 Dmowski, Roman, 132, 135, 147, 148, 188 civil rights, 92 Dniester River, 8 Clement XXII (Pope), 365 Dogilewsky, Principal, 181–83, 184, 185, 324 collectivization, 203 dog mating story, 282–83 communism and communists Dollfuss, Engelbert, 253 executions by Nazis, 251–52 Dönmeh sect, 31 at German university in Prague, 190 Don River, 262 Jews’ view of, 198 Dov Ber, Rabbi, the Maggid of Mezeritch, at Lvov University, 222 34, 63 Ullo’s friend Mehring, 239–40 Dovidl, 186–87 See also Soviet Union dowries, 180 Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 239 Drake, Edwin Laurentine, 47 Communist Party (Soviet Union), 297–99, drasha-shpruch, 137–40 310–11 dress and appearance Congress of Vienna (1814), 27 of Avrumche Backenroth at ball, 122–23 Congress Poland, 117 of Hasidic Jews, 32 Continental Can Company, 348 in 1350, 4 converts, religious, 169–71, 175, 331–32, 335 of Yerahmiel Backenroth, 111 Copacabana Palace Hotel, 337 Drohobych correspondence, 199, 204–5, 228–29, 230, 244 Backenroth tavern, 19 corruption, 297–98 Carpathian Oil work camp, 280 Cossacks, 118, 121 deportations of Jews from, 249, 258–59, Cossack Uprising, 21–22, 30 281–82 Council of the Four Lands, 26–27 description of, 73 counterfeit documents, 301–8, 318 economic crisis (1814), 27 craft guilds, 126 German occupation, 245–58, 317–18 crime, 74 Jewish settlers, 15–16 Crimean War, 105 Jewish solidarity in, 247 Cromwell, Oliver, 361 liberation from Nazis, 301 Crusades, 9, 170–71 Lucien’s visit (1990s), 354–55 currency, 378 map, 43 Czechoslovakia, 338 oil, 42–45, 48–49, 73–74, 79 Czech Republic, 6 population statistics, 73, 368, 387 Czernowitz, 200, 201 “slave market,” 67 Soviet occupation, 248–49 Dagestan, 263 Druker, Deborah, 40 dancing, 213, 235 Duomo Hotel, 343 Danube River, 6, 7 Danylo of Halytz, 358 Edelsberg, Dr., 248 Daszynski, Ignacy, 68–69 education death camps, 258–59 in affl uent Jewish families, 160–61 Deluge, The (Sienkiewicz), 360 Jewish school in Bolechow, 181–82 Demanion (policeman), 325 Jewish system, 218 deportations. See Aktion (aktzias) Maharal’s philosophy, 53–54 Depression, Great, 186–91 of women, 88–91, 183–84, 190–91, 213, Derbremidiger, Avraham Yaakov, 156 216 Der Yud, 129 Efraim of Lunshitz, Shlomo, 51 diaries Eichenstein dynasty, 25–26 Felix Landau, 251 Eichenstein, Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch, 25, 26, Leon Thorne, 249–50, 253, 258, 275, 34–37, 62 315–16, 317, 318, 319 Eichenstein, Rabbi Yitzchak Isaac, 25–26, 34 Diekman, 244 Einsatzgruppen, 246 bbindex.inddindex.indd 440808 88/5/08/5/08 22:33:51:33:51 PPMM INDEX 409 El Alamein, Battle of, 259 Feigenbaum, Malka, 156, 158, 163 Elimeilech of Lizhensk, Rabbi, 26, 33, 34 Feigenbaum, Menahem Mendel, 158 Elisabeth of Bavaria, 371 feminism, 215 Emesa, 348 Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 98, 106 emigration.
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