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Writing Englishness 1900-1950: an Introductory Sourcebook On Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 WRITING ENGLISHNESS 1900–1950 The period 1900–1950 witnessed fierce debate over what constituted Englishness. Two world wars drew sharp attention to concepts of national identity, whilst the economic crises of the 1920s and 1930s suggested an England in which many were dispossessed and excluded as a result of poverty and unemployment The writings included in Writing Englishness invite the question ‘What does it mean to say I am English?’ Gathered from a wide range of sources such as letters, diaries, journalism, fiction, poems, parliamentary speeches and governmental reports, it provides a wealth of fascinating material exploring the meanings of Englishness. Helpful and informative critical commentary, a chronological table, an annotated bibliography and suggested activities make Writing Englishness not only an invaluable source of primary material but also an indispensable study tool. It is also fascinating reading for anyone who has ever asked what nationality means. Judy Giles is Senior Lecturer in Women’s Studies, Cultural Studies and Literature at the University College of Ripon & York St John. She is the author of Women, Identity and Private Life in Britain 1900–1950 (1995). Tim Middleton is Senior Lecturer in Literary and Cultural Studies Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 and Head of the English Studies programme at the University College of Ripon & York St John. Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 WRITING ENGLISHNESS 1900–1950 An introductory sourcebook on national identity Edited by Judy Giles and Tim Middleton Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 London and New York First published 1995 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Editorial material © 1995 Judy Giles and Tim Middleton All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-36003-6 Master e-book ISBN Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 ISBN 0-203-37259-X (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-11441-1 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-11442-X (pbk) CONTENTS Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 1900–1950: A Chronology 13 1 THE IDEAS AND IDEALS OF ENGLISHNESS Introduction 21 1 J.B.Priestley, ‘Little Englanders’ From English Journey (1934) 26 2 E.M.Forster, ‘If one wanted to show a foreigner England…’ From Howards End (1910) 28 3 W.H.Davies, ‘England’ From Our Nation’s Heritage (1939) 30 4 D.H.Lawrence, ‘I don’t like England very much, but…’ From The Letters of D.H.Lawrence (1932) 31 5 E.M.Forster, ‘Middle-class people smell’ From Selected Letters of E.M.Forster: Volume 1: 1879–1920 33 6 Phillip Gibbs, ‘Here, then, is something of England…’ From England Speaks (1935) 33 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 7 J.H.Thomas, ‘I do foresee a far happier England…’ From When Labour Rules (1920) 34 v CONTENTS 8 Arnold Bennett, ‘An honest and naïve goodwill…in the very air of England’ From The Old Wives’ Tale (1908) 36 9 E.M.Forster, ‘Why has not England a great mythology?’ From Howards End (1910) 37 10 T.S.Eliot, ‘What is part of our culture is also part of our lived religion’ From Notes Towards the Definition of Culture (1948) 38 11 C.F.G.Masterman, ‘We cannot help being interested in ourselves’ From The Condition of England (1909) 38 12 Ford Madox Ford, ‘The Englishman feels very deeply and reasons very little’ From The Spirit of the People (1907) 46 13 Phillip Gibbs, ‘The soul of England spoke again…’ From England Speaks (1935) 52 14 Sir Ernest Barker, ‘Some Constants of the English Character’ From The Character of England (1947) 55 15 Arthur Mee, ‘The nation is a living body’ From The Children’s Encyclopaedia 63 16 Wyndham Lewis, ‘Dear old Great Britain has to take in partners’ From The Hitler Cult (1939) 66 17 Jan Struther, ‘Back from Abroad’ From Mrs. Miniver (1939) 71 2 VERSIONS OF RURAL ENGLAND Introduction 73 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 18 Edward Thomas, ‘The Village’ From The Heart of England (1906) 75 19 H.V.Morton, ‘The fun it is to tramp from town to town…’ From In Search of England (1927) 81 vi CONTENTS 20 Edmund Blunden, ‘How much that we loved is going or gone!’ From The Face of England (1932) 83 21 H.V.Morton, ‘We may not revive the English village of the old days…’ From In Search of England (1927) 87 22 J.W.Robertson-Scott, ‘A community which has almost always been hovel housed’ From England’s Green and Pleasant Land: The Truth Attempted (1925) 91 23 Stanley Baldwin, ‘England is the country, and the country is England’ From On England (1926) 97 24 J.B.Priestley, ‘The Three Englands’ From English Journey (1934) 103 3 WAR AND NATIONAL IDENTITY Introduction 110 25 Virginia Woolf, ‘Her sex and class has very little to thank England for…’ From Three Guineas (1938) 114 26 Ernest Raymond, ‘I see a death in No Man’s Land to-morrow as a wonderful thing’ From Tell England: A Study in a Generation (1922) 118 27 Rupert Brooke, ‘The Soldier’ From 1914 and Other Poems (1915) 121 28 Siegfried Sassoon, ‘Memorial Tablet’ (1919) From Georgian Poetry 122 29 Edward Thomas, ‘As the Team’s Head Brass’ (c. 1915) From The Collected Poems of Edward Thomas 123 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 30 J.B.Priestley, Talk from 21 July 1940 From All England Listened: The Wartime Broadcasts of J.B.Priestley 124 vii CONTENTS 31 Mass Observation National Panel Member, ‘Conscripts’ attitudes to war politics’ (April 1940) From Speak for Yourself: A Mass Observation Anthology 1937–49 127 32 Winston S.Churchill, ‘Victory—victory at all costs…’ From Into Battle: War Speeches by Right Hon. Winston S.Churchill (1941) 129 33 Winston S.Churchill, ‘We shall go on to the end…’ From Into Battle: War Speeches by Right Hon. Winston S.Churchill (1941) 130 34 Herbert Morrison, ‘Let us take stock of ourselves’ From Looking Ahead: Wartime Speeches by the Right Hon. Herbert Morrison (1943) 132 35 Winston S.Churchill, VE speeches From Victory: War Speeches by Right Hon. Winston S. Churchill (1945) 134 36 Winston S.Churchill, Address to the King From Victory: War Speeches by Right Hon. Winston S. Churchill (1945) 135 37 Mass Observation ATS Clerk, Diary account of VE Day From Wartime Women 139 38 Ministry of Information, Programme for film propaganda From Documentary Newsletter (1940) 141 39 Jan Struther, ‘From Needing Danger’ From Mrs. Miniver (1939) 146 4 CULTURE AND ENGLISHNESS Introduction 149 FUNCTIONS FOR ENGLISH Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 40 Newbolt Committee, ‘The bulk of our people…are unconsciously living starved existences’ From The Teaching of English in England (1921) 153 41 Newbolt Committee, ‘Middle-class trivialities’ From The Teaching of English in England (1921) 155 viii CONTENTS REACTIONS TO MODERNISM 42 James Bone, ‘We make two pretty things grow where one idea grew before’ From ‘The Tendencies of Modern Art’ (1913) 160 43 Pont, ‘Short story in the new manner’ From The British Character: Studied and Revealed by Pont (1938) 161 44 Winifred Holtby, ‘Mistaking the grotesque for the beautiful’ From Letters to a Friend (1937) 162 45 Frank Swinnerton, ‘Ill mannered and pretentious dilettanti’ From The Georgian Literary Scene (1935) 163 SPORT AND NATIONAL IDENTITY 46 Vita Sackville-West, ‘The English man is seen at his best the moment that another man starts throwing a ball at him’ From The Character of England (1947) 167 47 Neville Cardus, ‘Cricket at Shastbury’ From Good Days (1931) 169 POPULAR CULTURE AND EVERYDAY LIFE 48 J.B.Priestley, ‘Sunday Evenings’ From English Journey (1934) 173 49 J.B.Priestley, ‘Blackpool’ From English Journey (1934) 174 50 George Orwell, ‘Boys’ Weeklies’ From Collected Letters, Essays and Journalism (1939) 177 51 Pearl Jephcott, ‘Girls Growing Up’ From Girls Growing Up (1943) 185 5 DOMESTIC AND URBAN ENGLANDS Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 00:48 24 September 2013 Introduction 193 THE HOMES OF ENGLAND 52 Ebenezer Howard, ‘Garden Cities’ From Garden Cities of Tomorrow (1902) 199 ix CONTENTS 53 John Buchan, ‘Fellows like me don’t understand…the folk that live in villas and suburbs’ From The Thirty-Nine Steps (1915) 208 54 Rupert Brooke, ‘The Old Vicarage, Grantchester’ From 1914 and Other Poems (1915) 210 55 Daphne du Maurier, ‘Losing Manderley’ From Rebecca (1938) 214 56 James Laver, ‘Homes and Habits’ From The Character of England (1947) 217 57 Lord Kennett, ‘Muddleford’ From The Character of England (1947) 218 58 Osbert Lancaster, ‘English is the only language that has a word for “home”’ From Progress at Pelvis Bay (1936) 227 59 Dr Stephen Taylor, ‘The Suburban Neurosis’ From
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