DOCSLIB.ORG

Variation of Annual and Seasonal Rainfall Patterns in Kandy District of Sri Lanka

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2018 725 ISSN 2250-3153 Variation of Annual and Seasonal Rainfall Patterns in Kandy District of Sri Lanka U.S. Meegahakotuwa* and K.W.G. Rekha Nianthi** * Kandy/Mulgama Maha Vidyalaya, Gampola Education Zone, Central Province, Sri Lanka ** Department of Geography, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.8.9.2018.p8195 http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.9.2018.p8195 Abstract- Rainfall variability over space and time must be significant rainfall trend, but the SWM season rainfall shows a regarded as the most significant aspect of the monsoon climate statistically significant decreasing trend. The drop in the SWM over Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study was to identify season rainfall is 2.4 mm per year. the spatial distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in Kandy District (2005-2014) and long term annual and seasonal rainfall Index Terms - Leeward side, Rainfall, Trend, Variation, trends in Kandy (1875-2014). The monthly rainfall data have Windward side. been collected from 19 rainfall stations in Kandy District. The data was obtained from the Department of Meteorology and I. INTRODUCTION other relevant institutions. Spatial interpolation was applied to The Kandy District is situated in the Central Highland of Sri prepare the isohyet maps for Kandy District using Radial Basis Lanka. It extends in latitude from 60 26’ to 70 29’ North and from Functions Method in ArcGIS 10.4. The rainfall trends over the 800 26’ to 800 59’ East longitudes. The District is bounded North 140-years period were estimated using the Linear Regression by Ukuwela, Rattota, Laggala, Pallegama and Wilgamuwa model. The Mann-Kendall statistical method was used to identify Divisional Secretary Divisions (DSD) of Matale District, East by the significant or non-significant monotonic tendencies. Mahiyangana DSD of Badulla District and Walapane, According to the analysis the highest annual average rainfall Hanguranketha, Kothmale, Nuwaraeliya and Ambagamuwa (5,660 mm) has been recorded at Galamuduna Estate in Korale DSDs of Nuwaraeliya District and West by Aranayake, Dolosbage, and the lowest is recorded at Kundasale (1,594 mm) Bulathkohupitiya, Mawanella and Rambukkana DSDs of Kegalle during the study period from 2005 to 2014. According to the District and Mawathagama and Rideegama DSDs of Kurunegala seasonal rainfall, during the FIM period (March-April) the District. Kandy District has an area of 1,940 square kilometers. rainfall varies from 700 mm (Craighead Estate) to 241 mm (Minipe). Rainfall during SWM period (May to September) The Kandy District has extended from 100 m to 1600 m in height varied from 3,436 mm at Galamuduna to 174 mm at Minipe. The from the sea level. Its Eastern side is bounded to Mahaweli Southwestern windward side received the highest rainfall while River. The annual average rainfall is 1840 mm for the Kandy the Eastern leeward side received the lowest rainfall during District. The Minipe DSD in the Eastern region of the District is SWM season. The Galamuduna Estate (1053 m) is situated in consisting with mountains features and Low-Country Dry Zone highest rainfall region of Wet Zone Up-Country of Sri Lanka. landscapes. The average temperature of the areas of; Delthota, The SIM period (October to November) showed most evenly Pasbage Korale, Ganga Ihala Korale, Udadumbara and Panwila distributed rainfall over the Kandy District. During the NEM shows a low temperature than other areas of the District but the period (December-February), the highest rainfall was recorded in Minipe shows a higher temperature. the Eastern side of the Kandy District. The highest rainfall (700 mm–1,000 mm) is recorded in and around Minipe station during The Mahaweli River is the main river which flows across the this season. Kandy Plateau area received a lower rainfall in the Kandy District and it covers 110 km (total of 335 km) within NEM season. The study revealed that the annual and seasonal Kandy District. In addition to that, the stream of water of distribution of rainfall over Kandy District has considerable Deduru-Oya begins in the Poojapitiya DSD and Ma-Oya begins variations. Based on the annual average rainfall, the wettest place in the Ganga Ihala Korale DSD. The Southern part of Knuckles of the Kandy District was the Galamuduna Estate and the driest mountain range situated in Kandy District is a unique ecological places were the Kundasale and Minipe. The month of June was zone. This zone is the main catchment area of Mahaweli and recorded as the wettest month (777 mm) in Galamuduna and the Aban Ganga. Hantana, Ambuluwawa, Balana range, Alagalla, same month, Minipe (5 mm) was observed as the driest month Hunnasgiriya and Dolosbage mountains are located in Kandy during the study period. The complex topographical features and District. The waterfalls like; Asupini Ella, Galaboda Ella, and orographic barriers highly affected for the seasonal rainfall Kadiyanhela are also situated in the Kandy district. variations in the Kandy District. According to long term rainfall data series (1875-2014), the results clearly show that there is a Out of total land of the Kandy District, 41,521 hectare (21%) is statistically significant decrease in annual rainfall (2.6 mm/year) covered with forest. A large number of the animal community in Kandy station. The FIM, SIM and NEM seasons do not show a live in the forest belongs to the District. Among them Elephant, http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.9.2018.p8195 www.ijsrp.org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2018 726 ISSN 2250-3153 Leopard Monkey, Wild Boar, Kola Diviya, Deer, Barking Deer They concluded that some stations in Central Highlands are prominent. Wild elephants can be seen in the areas such as demonstrate a decrease in the SWM, but no statistically Udadumbara, Minipe, Randenigala sanctuary and Meemure. significant upward or downward trend exists for the NEM. During the FIM and SIM the only statistically significant trend in Rainfall of Sri Lanka is of multiple origins, including monsoonal, the Central Highlands was the decreasing trend observed in convectional and depression activities. In the rainfall calendar of Nuwaraeliya. Sri Lanka, there are four distinctive periods have been recognized. They are, Wickramagamage (2015) examined the daily rainfall variations i. First Inter Monsoon (FIM): March to April for the period from 1981 to 2010. Out of 48 stations, 39 ii. South West Monsoon (SWM): May to September displayed negative trends during SWM period. The strongest iii. Second Inter Monsoon (SIM): October to November negative trends are found in the Central Highlands and iv. North East Monsoon (NEM): December to February surrounding areas. SWM is the dominant rainfall season in the Southwestern lowlands as well as the Highland Wet Zone of Sri Variability of rainfall over space and time must be regarded as Lanka. It is clearly shown that almost the entire island the most significant aspect of the monsoon climate over Sri experiences a reduction of rainfall during SWM. This decrease is Lanka. The Central Highland contains many complex negatively influenced to the irrigation and agriculture, domestic topographical features such as valleys, plains, ridges, peaks, water supply, industrial water supply and power generation in the plateaus, basin and escarpments. These topographical features country. strongly affect the spatial patterns of winds, seasonal rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and other climatic elements, II. METERIALS AND METHODS particularly during the monsoon seasons. The main objectives of this study are to examine; (i) the spatial and temporal variations of annual and seasonal rainfall patterns The Central Highlands is an important catchment area for the in Kandy District, (ii) the long term annual and seasonal rainfall river systems of Sri Lanka. Hence, the rainfall changes of the trends of Kandy station. The monthly rainfall data have been Central Hills of Sri Lanka have been studied widely. Madduma collected from 19 rainfall stations (Figure 1 and Table 1) in Bandara and Kuruppuarachchi (1988) found that the annual Kandy District for the period from 2005 to 2014. The data was precipitation at Nuwaraeliya in the Central Highlands has obtained from the relevant institutions like: decreased during the last century where land use has undergone i. Department of Meteorology, Colombo. significant changes. For example, between 1956 and 1981, area ii. Natural Resource Management Centre (NRMC). under tea and forests decreased from 61% to 39% and from 17% iii. Mid Country Tea Research Institute, Hantana. to 15%, respectively. On the other hand, the homestead and iv. Peradeniya Botanical Garden. croplands increased from 7% to 17% and from 7% to 15%, v. Tea Estate Offices in the Kandy District. respectively. Kayane et al. (1995) have shown that rainfall during the SWM Season has decreased in the Central Highland since the 1870’s. They also suggested that a significant decline in rainfall in the plateau could be related to global warming and the rise of the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) in the surrounding Indian Ocean. Further, they have pointed out that the increased SST over the Indian Ocean will intensify the Indian Monsoon circulations, which in turn may increase the coastal windward rainfall with a comparative decrease of rainfall in the leeward areas of Sri Lanka. Rekha and Punyawardena (2003) have found that negative anomalies of rainfall are evident in the western slopes of the Central Highland where SWM is the dominant rainfall governing mechanism. The analyses clearly show that increased variability is the most dominant feature of the rainfall regime in the Central Highlands during recent time than that of any other trend. Madduma Bandara and Wickramagamage (2004) have found a significant decrease in annual rainfall in the upper watershed Figure 1: Geographical Distribution of the Rain Gauge Stations areas, over the last 100 years, reflecting at least a 20% decline at in the Kandy District.
Recommended publications
  • Sri Lanka Situation Report Summary

    Sri Lanka Situation Report Summary

    Situation Report Summary Heavy rains, flooding, landslides Sri Lanka 1800 hours 20-12-2019 1094 Families in 49 Divisions in 7,025 People 219 Houses 2 deaths 37 safe locations 12 Districts affected affected Damaged DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTER MINISTRY OF DEFENSE HIGHLIGHTS Some high risk communities are evacuated in downstream areas in Thabbowa and DeduruOya as river levels are rising, 20 spill gated opened in Thabbowa tank and 14 spill gates opened in Rajanganaya tank. 7,025 people (2,062 families) are reported to have been affected, in ten (12) Districts during the since 18th December 2019. Further, 2 persons are reported to be dead due to floods and cut- ting failure. As a result of heavy rainfall, strong winds and landslides, 23 houses fully and 219 houses partial- ly, have been damaged mostly in the Nuwara-Eliya, Kandy and Anuradhapura Districts. 3,875 people belonging to 1,094 families, have been evacuated to the 37 locations set up to as- sist those displaced. Most of these locations are in the Nuwara-Eliya, Badulla, Monaragala and Puttalam districts. LKR 7.35 Mn has allocated by NDRSC for emergency relief purposes in eight affected district secretariats. CURRENT SITUATION Due to active cloudiness in the seas areas of the country, many parts have received above 100mm rainfall during past 24hours. Some of roads are inaccessible in Badulla, Polonnaruwa, Hambantota, Puttalam, Anuradhapura and Matale Districts due to inundations and earth slips. As of now worst affected areas are Wanathavilluwa & Nawagaththegama in Put- talam; Kataragama in Monaragala; Mahiyanga- naya & Haputale in Badulla, Walapane in Nu- waraeliya Districts.
  • Project for Formulation of Greater Kandy Urban Plan (Gkup)

    Project for Formulation of Greater Kandy Urban Plan (Gkup)

    Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development Urban Development Authority Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka PROJECT FOR FORMULATION OF GREATER KANDY URBAN PLAN (GKUP) Final Report Volume 2: Main Text September 2018 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. NIKKEN SEKKEI Research Institute EI ALMEC Corporation JR 18-095 Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development Urban Development Authority Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka PROJECT FOR FORMULATION OF GREATER KANDY URBAN PLAN (GKUP) Final Report Volume 2: Main Text September 2018 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. NIKKEN SEKKEI Research Institute ALMEC Corporation Currency Exchange Rate September 2018 LKR 1 : 0.69 Yen USD 1 : 111.40 Yen USD 1 : 160.83 LKR Map of Greater Kandy Area Map of Centre Area of Kandy City THE PROJECT FOR FORMULATION OF GREATER KANDY URBAN PLAN (GKUP) Final Report Volume 2: Main Text Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PART 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Objective and Outputs of the Project ....................................................... 1-2 1.3 Project Area ............................................................................................. 1-3 1.4 Implementation Organization Structure ...................................................
  • Divisional Secretariats Contact Details

    Divisional Secretariats Contact Details

    Divisional Secretariats Contact Details District Divisional Secretariat Divisional Secretary Assistant Divisional Secretary Life Location Telephone Mobile Code Name E-mail Address Telephone Fax Name Telephone Mobile Number Name Number 5-2 Ampara Ampara Addalaichenai [email protected] Addalaichenai 0672277336 0672279213 J Liyakath Ali 0672055336 0778512717 0672277452 Mr.MAC.Ahamed Naseel 0779805066 Ampara Ampara [email protected] Divisional Secretariat, Dammarathana Road,Indrasarapura,Ampara 0632223435 0632223004 Mr.H.S.N. De Z.Siriwardana 0632223495 0718010121 063-2222351 Vacant Vacant Ampara Sammanthurai [email protected] Sammanthurai 0672260236 0672261124 Mr. S.L.M. Hanifa 0672260236 0716829843 0672260293 Mr.MM.Aseek 0777123453 Ampara Kalmunai (South) [email protected] Divisional Secretariat, Kalmunai 0672229236 0672229380 Mr.M.M.Nazeer 0672229236 0772710361 0672224430 Vacant - Ampara Padiyathalawa [email protected] Divisional Secretariat Padiyathalawa 0632246035 0632246190 R.M.N.Wijayathunga 0632246045 0718480734 0632050856 W.Wimansa Senewirathna 0712508960 Ampara Sainthamarathu [email protected] Main Street Sainthamaruthu 0672221890 0672221890 Mr. I.M.Rikas 0752800852 0672056490 I.M Rikas 0777994493 Ampara Dehiattakandiya [email protected] Divisional Secretariat, Dehiattakandiya. 027-2250167 027-2250197 Mr.R.M.N.C.Hemakumara 027-2250177 0701287125 027-2250081 Mr.S.Partheepan 0714314324 Ampara Navithanvelly [email protected] Divisional secretariat, Navithanveli, Amparai 0672224580 0672223256 MR S.RANGANATHAN 0672223256 0776701027 0672056885 MR N.NAVANEETHARAJAH 0777065410 0718430744/0 Ampara Akkaraipattu [email protected] Main Street, Divisional Secretariat- Akkaraipattu 067 22 77 380 067 22 800 41 M.S.Mohmaed Razzan 067 2277236 765527050 - Mrs. A.K. Roshin Thaj 774659595 Ampara Ninthavur Nintavur Main Street, Nintavur 0672250036 0672250036 Mr. T.M.M.
  • District Secretariat—Kandy for the Year 2015

    District Secretariat—Kandy for the Year 2015

    කාය සාධන හා 燒귔 ලාතාල - 2015 nrayhw;Wif kw;Wk; fzf;F mwpf;if Annual Performance & Accounts Report pKfk; khtl;l nrayhsupd; nra;jp 04 Nehf;F 06 nraw;gzpf; $w;W 07 epUthf khtl;l tiug;glk 08 nghJ tpguq;fs; 09 khfhz epu;thfk; 17-39 gapw;rp 뷒ස්ත්‍රික් ල කමකkw;Wk; කායා඼ය - මහ엔ලර mgptpUj;jp khtl;l nrayfk; - fz;b epiwNtw;wg;gl;l District SecretariattpNrl mk;rq;fs; - Kandy gpuNjr nrayhsu;; fl;bl tpguk; fk neFk tpNrl fUj;jpl;lk; CONTENTS Page Serial Number Description Number Message of District Secretary/ Government Agent, Kandy 1 Introduction of District Secretariat Kandy 1 1.1 Vision, Values and Mission 2 1.2 Quality Policy 3 1.3 Main Duties Performed by the District Secretariat 4-5 2 Kandy District Introduction 6-10 2.1 Administration Map 11 2.2 Basic Information 12 3 Organizational Chart 13 3.1 Approved Carder of Kandy District Secretariat 14 3.2 Approved Carder of Divisional Secretariats 15 4 Performance of District Secretariat 4.1 General Administration 4.1.1 Establishment Division’s Activities 16-19 4.1.2 Activities of the District Media Unit 20 4.1.3 Internal Audit Activities 21-23 4.1.4 District Disaster Management Activities 24-25 4.1.5 Training and Human Resources Development Activities 4.1.5.1 Training Programs 26-27 4.1.5.2 Human Resources and Career Guidance Activities 28-30 4.1.5.3 Productivity Programs 31-32 5 Statutory Activities and other Duties 5.1 Activities of Registration of Persons Department 32-33 5.2 Registrar General Department's Activities 33-34 5.3 District Election Activities 34 5.4 Motor Traffic Unit’s Activities 35
  • Dinesh Hemachandra Scientist /Geologist National Building

    Dinesh Hemachandra Scientist /Geologist National Building

    Dinesh Hemachandra Scientist /Geologist National Building Research Organisation Ministry of Disaster Management Sri Lanka Visiting Researcher 2010 – ADRC, Kobe Country Presentation – Sri Lanka Geographical and Historical Background of Sri Lanka Government of Sri Lanka Climate conditions Natural Disasters and Mitigation of Landslide hazard Disaster Management in Sri Lanka My Institute –National Building Research Organisation Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR )activities The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Formerly known as Ceylon) Geographical situation Geographical Coordinate Longitude 79° 42. to 81° 52 east Latitude 5° 55. to 9° 50. north, The maximum north- south length of (formerly known the island is 435 km and its greatest width is 225 km The Island (including adjacent small islands) covers a land area of 65,610 sq. km. The Bay of Bengal lies to its north and east and the Arabian Sea to its West. Sri Lanka is separated from India by the gulf of Manna and the Palk Strait Historical Background – Kings Rural Period Recent excavations show that even during the Neolithic Age, there were food gatherers and rice cultivators in Sri Lanka documented history began with the arrival of the Aryans from North India. Anuradhapura grew into a powerful kingdom under the rule of king Pandukabhaya. According to traditional history he is accepted as the founder of Anuradhapura. The Aryans introduced the use of iron and an advanced form of agriculture and irrigation. They also introduced the art of government In the mid 2nd century B.C. a large part of north Sri Lanka came under the rule of an invader from South India.
  • Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Marginalized Agricultural Communities Living in the Mahaweli River Basin of Sri Lanka

    Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Marginalized Agricultural Communities Living in the Mahaweli River Basin of Sri Lanka

    Completion report covering UNDP interventions of the project Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Marginalized Agricultural Communities Living in the Mahaweli River Basin of Sri Lanka Funded by the UNFCCC Adaptation Fund Implementing Entity: WFP Executing Entities: Ministry of Mahaweli development and Environment and UNDP Start of project: August 2014 By Premalal Kuruppuarachchi January 2020 Acknowledgement The reviewer is pleased to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Damith Chandrasekara, Technical Coordinator - UNDP throughout the review mission. Valued cooperation of Mr. Chaminda Fernando, National Consultant - Agriculture Development Agriculture Consultant, C-CAPII Project, UNDP and Mr. Kalum Nisantha, Polonnruwa Coordination Consultant Divisional Development (Madirigiriya and Lankapura) C-CAPII Project, UNDP during the field visit is very much appreciated. Also, wish to acknowledge and record the willingness and enthusiasm shown by all respondents/stakeholders for freely and candidly expressing their views during focus group discussions and interviews. 1 Table of Contents List of Acronyms …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………03 1. Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….04 2. Project Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….06 2.1 Basic Information… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………06 2.2 Key Milestones…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………07 2.3 Project Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………07 2.4 Project Implementation………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………….09
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

    Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Political violence and its cultural constructions : representations & narrations in times of war de Silva, P.L. Publication date 2000 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): de Silva, P. L. (2000). Political violence and its cultural constructions : representations & narrations in times of war. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 CHAPTERR FIVE CULTURE,, VIOLENCE AND POWER ©© Purnaka L. de Silva Culturee lends significance to human experience by selecting from and organizing it. It refers broadlyy to the forms through which people make sense of their lives, rather than more narrowlyy to the opera or art museums. It does not inhabit a setaside domain, as does, for example,, that of politics or economics.
  • Ward Map of Walapane Pradeshiya Sabha - Nuwara Eliya District Ref.T No : NDC / 06 / 08

    Ward Map of Walapane Pradeshiya Sabha - Nuwara Eliya District Ref.T No : NDC / 06 / 08

    Section 2 of 2 sections Ward Map of Walapane Pradeshiya Sabha - Nuwara Eliya District Ref.t No : NDC / 06 / 08 Ward No GN No GN Name Ward No GN No GN Name Walapane PS 513 Pannala 514 C Mulhalkele 515 B Walapane 513 A Serupitiya 12 515 C Kandegame 513 B Sarasunthenna 515 D Wathumulla 1 513 C Wewakele 515 E Maha Uva $ 513 D Ihala Pannala 13 516 B Egodakande 513 E Mylagastenna 516 D Mahapathana 514 A Naranthalawe 516 C Werellapathana 519 E Morangatenna 517 B Thibbatugoda South 517 C Rambuke 521 C Theripehe 2 14 517 D Arampitiya 521 D Mallagama 524 B Gorandiyagolla 521 E Dulana 524 D Dambare 518 B Udamadura North 524 E Nildandahinna Walapane Pradeshiya Sabha 518 C Galkadawala 518 Udamadura Ward No Ward Name 521 Bolagandawela 518 A Kosgolla 3 15 521 A Hegasulla 523 AmbanElla 1 Pannala 523 B Wewatenna 2 Theripeha 0 521 B Ambagahathenna 0 518 D Yatimadura 0 3 Udamadura North 5 521 F Helagama 518 E Thunhitiyawa 1 4 Kalaganwatta 2 519 Kalaganwatta 518 F Demata Arawa 5 Thibbatugoda 519 A Udawela 523 A Hegama 16 6 Kumbalgamuwa 519 B Yombuweltenna 524 Denambure 7 Liyanwala 4 519 C Galketiwela 524 A Dambagolla 524 C Purankumbura 8 Landupita 519 D Hapugahepitiya 525 B Karandagolla 9 Padiyapelella 519 F Ellekumbura 527 Madulla North 10 Kurudu Oya 519 G Mugunagahapitiya 527 A Madulla South 17 11 Highforest 515 Batagolla 527 B Morahela 12 Walapane 515 A Manelwala 527 C Kandeyaya 13 Mahauva 516 Ketakandura 528 E Rupaha East 14 Nildandahinna 5 528 F Mathatilla 516 A Kendagolla 18 15 Udamadura 531 Ambaliyadda 517 Thibbatugoda 531 A Embulampaha 16 Yatimadura
  • Lessons from Sri Lankan Communities

    Lessons from Sri Lankan Communities

    Coping with Climate Change and Variability: LESSONS FROM SRI LANKAN COMMUNITIES Global Environment Facility ISBN - 978-955-1031-55-8 Small Grants Programme Sri Lanka Proceedings of the National Workshop on Community Based Adaptation Colombo, Sri Lanka July 16-18, 2013 Global Environment Facility/Small Grants Programme Sri Lanka 9 789551 031558 UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in 170 countries and territories, UNDP offers global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. www.undp.org The Global Environment Facility (GEF) was established as a result of the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, to effectively address environmental issues. Using strategic investments, GEF has partnered with 183 countries, international institutions, civil society organizations and private sector, funding over 4000 projects dedicated to environmental conservation. The Small Grants Program (SGP) is a Corporate GEF Programme implemented by UNDP, launched in 1992. SGP provides grants up to a to a maximum of $50,000 to community-driven and civil society-led initiatives with the purpose of supporting sustainable livelihoods and local empowerment as means of addressing global environmental challenges. The Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) is the Australian Government agency responsible for managing Australia's overseas aid program. The fundamental purpose of Australian aid is to contribute to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction both in the Australian region and beyond. CBA (Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change) Community Based Adaptation (CBA) is an initiative implemented during the years 2010 -2014 by the Global Environmental Facility/Small Grants Programme (GEF SGP) with financial assistance from Australian AID.
  • East Ayrshire Council Cabinet

    East Ayrshire Council Cabinet

    EAST AYRSHIRE COUNCIL CABINET – 17 NOVEMBER 2010 GLOBAL SCHOOLS EXCHANGE AND PARTNERSHIP WITH SRI LANKA Report by Executive Director of Educational and Social Services 1. PURPOSE OF REPORT 1.1 To seek approval for a Global Schools Exchange and Partnership between East Ayrshire Council schools and Gampola, Kandy District, Central Province, Sri Lanka. 2. BACKGROUND 2.1 The Scottish Government aims to ensure that all young people have opportunities to 'develop a knowledge and understanding of the world and Scotland's place in it'. This aim is integral to the philosophy of a Curriculum for Excellence. 2.2 The British Council approached East Ayrshire, as one of six Scottish Local Authorities Education Departments whose schools were underrepresented in existing southern hemisphere school partnerships funding programmes. The British Council provides advice and guidance, accredited professional development opportunities and grants to schools in the UK and in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Latin America that use school partnerships to develop a global dimension in the curriculum. 2.3 Global School Partnerships aim to motivate young people develop commitment to a fairer, more sustainable world. Partnerships are built around a core set of values, reflecting a common belief that if they are to be effective in raising awareness of global development issues, school partnerships must be based on mutuality, equality, learning and sustainability. 2.4 Effective and sustainable Partnerships need to be a two way relationship; where both schools share ideas and expertise. Establishing good, honest working relationships between partners should be one of the priorities for a partnership in the early years.
  • Some Context of Colour and the Dress of the Kandyan

    Some Context of Colour and the Dress of the Kandyan

    SOME CONTEXT OF COLOUR AND THE DRESS OF THE KANDYAN KINGDOM OF SRI LANKA Gayathri Madubhani Ranathunga Abstract Colour of the dress has been derived through inherited values, customs and norms of culture since time immemorial, ultimately colour, dress, and culture have been interwoven into the lives of the people. The objective of this research is to discuss cultural explanations for how people perceived colour in order to communicate different meanings through dress. The selected study setting is the Kandyan era of Sri Lanka which was the last Kingdom of ancient Sri Lankan administration, extended from 15th century AD to 1815. The era was a well-demarcated of foreign influences in dress. During the reign, both Western and Eastern foreign influences spread over the Kingdom, namely South Indian, Western (Portuguese, Dutch, British), Siamese. These influences have caused a huge impact on Sri Lankan dress in every aspect like novel dress items and patterns, silhouette, accessories, headdress, dress materials and colour. Colour had been a successful stimulus in influencing foreign attire. The analysis is explored through actual descriptions made by observational - participants, historical records, murals of the period, folklore which depicted the dress of the era relevant to the subject. According to the cultural exploration of colour perception, it was found that people perceived colour in a common way although there were some differences in perception at the individual level. As a community people had a common perception of values and norms of a certain colour and that was cleared through common ceremonies like the temple, funeral and marriage ceremonies. Perception of colour is unique to individual cultures.
  • Dynamics of Kandyan Peasantries and the Rise of Rural Caste Elite in Sri Lanka

    Dynamics of Kandyan Peasantries and the Rise of Rural Caste Elite in Sri Lanka

    Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review (JSSHR) Vol. 3, Issue. 2 (101-123) © Author(s) June 2018 ISSN: 2279-3933 FROM DEFICIENCY TO AFFLUENCE: DYNAMICS OF KANDYAN PEASANTRIES AND THE RISE OF RURAL CASTE ELITE IN SRI LANKA K.A Samitha Udayanga1 Abstract During the past few decades, enormous changes in Kandyan peasantries 1 Department of have caused its restructuration, though some significant older structures Sociology, University of still remain intact swaying people’s behaviour. For example, attitudes toward the caste have been changed tremendously, but again it plays a Ruhuna-Sri Lanka significant role in contemporary rural Sri Lanka. Therefore, this paper [email protected] focuses on how people in Kandyan peasantries have been involved in the market-oriented development process, and in particular, why the low- https://orcid.org/0000- caste people in Kandyan highland peasantries benefitted from education, 0002-9826-691X once they have secured their economic gains while the high caste people have not. The research conducted using ethnomethodology reveals that the rural sector in Sri Lanka has undergone a convincing transition, while some traditional institutions were preserved. Within this transition, as the authoritative identity of the high caste people disturbed their education, in turn, prevented their upward mobility that of the low caste communities. Moreover, the market economy stimulated the upward mobility of low caste people in the contemporary Kandyan peasantries. As the market economy prevails in the country, some specific tasks performed by the low castes became market-oriented that and hastened the rise of rural elite from the low castes in Kandyan peasantries.