With All Due Respect, Sir: Canadian Forces’ Chaplains: Defining Competencies for Providing Ethical Advice to the Chain of Command
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With All Due Respect, Sir: Canadian Forces’ Chaplains: Defining Competencies for Providing Ethical Advice to the Chain of Command Neil Parker 278061 Doctor of Ministry Thesis 8 April 2014 St. Paul University, Ottawa © Neil Parker, Ottawa, Canada, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 10 The context of ethical reflection - Haiti ...................................................................... 18 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 1 Chaplaincy in the Canadian Armed Forces – Speaking Three Languages . 32 The intersection of three thought-worlds .................................................................... 35 The language and thought-world of the military environment ................................... 42 The military thought-world ..................................................................................... 43 Summary ................................................................................................................. 60 The Language of the Faith World ............................................................................... 60 Interfaith and Ecumenical ....................................................................................... 72 Summary ................................................................................................................. 77 Canadian societal values and ethics ............................................................................ 78 The culture in which sub-cultures are embedded .................................................... 79 Summary ................................................................................................................. 94 Chapter 2 The Ethical Advisor: Chaplains as Professionals ........................................ 97 The Professional in relationship: Who is the Client? ............................................ 106 The Central Values of the Religious Professional ................................................. 113 What are the norms of competence for the profession? ........................................ 118 The Professional in Other Morally Relevant Relationships .................................. 120 Example: Advising on Wartime Operations ......................................................... 121 The Professional Within The Institution ............................................................... 121 Summary ............................................................................................................... 136 Chapter 3 The Competencies for Ethical Advising ................................................... 138 The question of ethical capability ............................................................................. 139 Ethical expertise as a function of adult development ............................................... 147 Professional Capability ............................................................................................. 162 The attributes required for ethical advising .............................................................. 168 Identified Criteria for Ethical Competency ........................................................... 178 Moral development ................................................................................................ 182 Chapter 4 Document Analysis ................................................................................... 188 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 191 Fundamentals of the Defence Ethics Programme ..................................................... 194 Duty With Honour .................................................................................................... 207 Chaplain Branch Manual .......................................................................................... 213 Army Chaplain’s Manual .......................................................................................... 217 Qualification Standard (QS) for Intermediate Ethics (AJHP) .................................. 225 Summary: .................................................................................................................. 235 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................... 238 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 244 Appendix A ................................................................................................................... 272 STATEMENT OF ETHICS .................................................................................. 272 List of Tables Table 1: Comparison of constructive-developmental frameworks ................................ 154 Table 2: Professional Roles ........................................................................................... 171 Table 3: James Rest’s Four Component Model ............................................................. 173 Table 4: Professional Attributes ..................................................................................... 181 Table 5: The Professional Capability Model ................................................................. 187 Table 6: Levels of Professional Capability – Defence Ethics Programme .................... 205 Table 7: Levels of Professional Capability – Duty with Honour ................................... 211 Table 8: Levels of Professional Capability – Chaplain Branch Manual ........................ 217 Table 9: Chaplain Responsibilities ................................................................................ 221 Table 10: Levels of Professional Capability – Army Chaplain’s Manual ..................... 224 Table 11: Levels of Professional Capability – Intermediate Ethics ............................... 234 Acknowledgements It is a convention of writing that has, so far, managed to survive the erosion that affects so many of our traditions, and that is the preparation of a section for acknowledging and thanking those who have contributed to the work’s birth, development, and maturity. At times (to overuse the metaphor of human development) there have been those who have had to discipline, to encourage, and to comfort this thesis as it bounced around through its life to this stage. It seems particularly appropriate for a Doctor of Ministry thesis that it should begin and end in thanksgiving, because it is for this end that we were created: to glorify God and enjoy God forever. For me, that great enjoyment has generally been discovered in the presence of those whom God sends into our lives to mediate grace and joy. I want to thank above all my thesis advisor, Dr. Kenneth Melchin, who has the ability to read even the most snarled and confused texts and discern threads of meaning that may not have been apparent even to myself when I wrote them. To him I particularly dedicate the image I use of unsnarling balls of string; he is a consummate ‘un-snarler.’ Drs. Gilles Fortin and Lorraine Ste.-Marie who also served on the doctoral committee each have the gift of standing outside the flow of thoughts and arguments and making observations that threaten to collapse the whole bubble. They have provided in many cases the critical insights that, if I have been able to respond adequately, have served to strengthen some portions, and smooth others. They have helped to “make straight paths in the desert.” If Gilles and Lorraine have provided steel wool, my mentor, Rev. Paul Dillman, has provided the cotton wool of affirmation and encouragement throughout this long process. For much of the time I have been working on this, we have been separated by considerable distance, and our occasions for spending time together have been far too few. Yet every moment we managed to spend together has given me fresh perspectives and new energy to carry on what seems at times to be an unending task. I have always felt uncomfortable with the paragraph that thanks “those countless others who have helped along the way; you know who you are,” because it is my experience that those who help most along the way are the least likely to be aware of how much their actions have affected others. This is particularly true when I think of the many chaplains, commanders, officers, and enlisted men and women with whom I have served, who have demonstrated their ability to wrestle with ethical questions and to take seriously the kinds of issues that I am dealing with in this thesis. So, if you are reading this, and wondering, “Am I one of the ones who has in some way helped?” then, yes, you probably are. And to my beloved Shakti, Helena … despite the millions of words we have shared, none are enough. If I were to strip out every word in this thesis that came from the wisdom of others, that was inspired by others, or that reflected what I have seen in the ethical lives of chaplains and the men and women with whom they work, I would be left with only two words of my own: thank you. Abstract The role of the Chaplain Branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) is to “advise commanders on spiritual, religious, moral and ethical issues affecting Canadian Forces personnel and their families during operations and in static situations.” This paper explores the nature of one particular