Interim Sustainability Appraisal Annex I

January 2021

Interim Sustainability Appraisal Annex I – Assessment of Alternative Development Strategies for the four Housing Market Areas (HMAs) Interim Sustainability Appraisal Report

Annex I – Assessment of Alternative Development Strategies for the four Housing Market Areas (HMAs)

Chippenham HMA Assessment of Higher Growth Strategy (Local Housing Needs Assessment) Page 2 Chippenham HMA Assessment of Lower Growth Strategy (Standard Method) Page 44 Chippenham HMA Assessment of Emerging Preferred Strategy Page 84

Salisbury HMA Assessment of Higher Growth Strategy (Local Housing Needs Assessment) Page 94 Salisbury HMA Assessment of Lower Growth Strategy (Standard Method) Page 131 Salisbury HMA Assessment of Emerging Preferred Strategy Page167

Swindon HMA Assessment of Higher Growth Strategy (Local Housing Needs Assessment) Page 176 Swindon HMA Assessment of Lower Growth Strategy (Standard Method) Page 206 Swindon HMA Assessment of Emerging Preferred Strategy Page 235

Trowbridge HMA Assessment of Higher Growth Strategy (Local Housing Needs Assessment) Page 242 Trowbridge HMA Assessment of Lower Growth Strategy (Standard Method) Page 280 Trowbridge HMA Assessment of Emerging Preferred Strategy Page 319

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Annex I - Chippenham Housing Market Area (HMA) - SA of Alternative Development Strategies (Local Housing Needs Assessment)

• Strategy CH-A (Current Strategy) - Rolling forward the core strategy includes employment land at Calne, Corsham and Melksham.

• Strategy CH-B (Chippenham Expanded Community) - Chippenham expanded community. Melksham and the more constrained settlements of Calne, Corsham, Devizes and Malmesbury all continue at WCS rates i.e. no change and continuation; and Chippenham receives the balance 9,765 homes. Includes employment at Chippenham and Calne.

• Strategy CH-C (Melksham Focus) - Melksham Focus (3,950), albeit Chippenham still significant (6,930) and higher growth in Rest of HMA. Growth is diverted from more constrained places (Calne, Corsham, Devizes and Malmesbury). Includes employment at Melksham and Corsham.

Proposed distribution of housing and employment requirements – Chippenham HMA

Settlement Strategy CH-A Strategy CH-B Strategy CH-C (Current Strategy) (Chippenham Expanded Community) (Melksham Focus) Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Calne 2050 5 1440 2 1610 0 Chippenham 6441 0 9765 7 6930 0 Corsham 1740 2 1220 0 1365 4 Devizes 2870 0 2010 0 2250 0 Malmesbury 1260 0 885 0 990 0 Melksham 3199 2 2240 0 3950 5 Rest of HMA 2840 0 2840 0 3300 0 TOTAL 20400 9 20400 9 20395 9

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

Calne has no statutory ecological designations adjacent or nearby but there are a number of non-statutory designations. The ancient woodlands at Bowood may provide habitat for Annex II bats.

Corsham lies partially within the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC core sustenance area, with Box Mine SSSI a component of this. As well as these statutory designations, there are several CWS designations which provide some ancient woodland habitat for Annex II bat species. The railway line and parkland also provide habitat connectivity for Annex II bat species. Development in the particularly sensitive areas, such as the area to the west of Corsham between Rudloe, are likely to lead to significant pressure on Annex II bat species which may not be possible to mitigate successfully. Furthermore, lighting caused by additional infrastructure in Corsham may adversely impact Annex II bat species.

Similarly, Devizes contains several Annex II bat species hotspots which provide a habitat for bats associated with the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, as well as commuting and foraging routes. This includes the area around Devizes Castle, the disused railway line, the Kennet and Avon Canal and areas of woodland including the statutory designation of Drew’s Pond Wood LNR. Development on or adjacent to these areas reduces the permeability of the landscape for bats and would negatively impact Annex II bat species.

In Chippenham, there are several CWS designations adjacent to and within the settlement boundary, as well as the statutory designation of Mortimer’s Wood LNR located to the south of Chippenham. As the LNR lies to the east of a site allocated in the Chippenham Site Allocations Plan, care will be needed to ensure that cumulative impacts from potential further development surrounding the LNR do not lead to negative effects.

While there are no statutory ecological designations adjacent to or nearby Melksham, there are several non-statutory ecological designations including the Bristol Avon CWS and Conigre Mead WWT nature reserve. Furthermore, the settlement contains the habitats of protected species including great crested newts to the south of Bowerhill and east of Melksham, and otters and water voles associated with the watercourses of Bristol Avon, Clackers Brook and Semington Brook. These watercourses also act as key primary connective habitats.

There are several CWS designations in Malmesbury, as well as the designation of Conygre Mead LNR to the east of the settlement. The River Avon also acts as a hotspot for the protected species of crayfish, otters and water vole, and acts as the main connective corridor.

Some areas in the Rest of the HMA are designated SSSIs, lie within the buffers of SACs, or contain important habitats including ancient woodland.

DAQ 2: Ensure that all new developments protect Local Geological Sites (LGSs) from development? While there are no settlements in the Chippenham HMA in direct proximity to an LGS (formerly Regional Sites of Geological Importance, or RIG) there is a RIG to the north of Devizes at Oliver’s Castle.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area

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Calne Uncertainties regarding likely effects on biodiversity Given there are few ecological constraints at Calne, minor Likely effects will be similar to CH-B. Minor adverse effects overall but given this increase in growth rates, adverse effects are considered likely. are considered likely. moderate adverse effects would be anticipated. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham There are areas of ecological sensitivity within and Additional to housing development, it is likely that significant There are areas of ecological sensitivity within and on the on the edge of Chippenham which may be additional infrastructure will be needed. As a result, moderate edge of Chippenham which may be adversely affected by adversely affected by development. Overall, this adverse impacts are considered likely against this objective. development. Overall, this strategy is likely to have strategy is likely to have moderate adverse effects Adverse effects are likely to be more significant than CH-A moderate adverse effects on this objective. on this objective. and CH-C but mitigation measures are possible. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Corsham is highly constrained with regards to The area is highly constrained with regards to Annex II bat The area is highly constrained with regards to Annex II bat Annex II bat species. Moderate adverse effects are species and therefore moderate adverse effects are species and therefore moderate adverse effects are therefore anticipated. considered likely. considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Devizes Devizes contains few ecological designations Effects are likely to be less and Devizes contains few Effects are likely to be less and Devizes contains few in/around the town. However, it is likely that there ecological designations in/around the town. Minor adverse ecological designations in/around the town. Minor adverse would be moderate adverse effects on Annex II bat effects are likely. effects are likely. species and their habitats. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury Due to potential impacts on Conygre Mead, CWSs The proposed growth could be accommodated without Overall, minor adverse effects are considered likely. and the River Avon, and other habitats and species, significantly negatively impacting on areas of sensitive minor adverse effects are considered likely. biodiversity. Overall, minor adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham There are few ecological designations adjacent or It is anticipated that development could avoid most areas of Due to the level of growth proposed, moderate adverse nearby to the town. Overall, while it is anticipated ecological sensitivity. Overall, this option is likely to have effects are considered likely with mitigation problematic. that development could avoid most areas of minor adverse effects on biodiversity in the Melksham area. ecological sensitivity, this option is still likely to have some adverse effects on biodiversity. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Due to the broad geographical area covered by Due to the broad geographical area covered by Rest of HMA, It is more likely that development will impact on areas of Rest of HMA, it may be possible for development to it may be possible for development to avoid areas of biodiversity sensitivity. At this stage, no sites have been avoid areas of biodiversity sensitivity. However as biodiversity sensitivity. However as at this stage no sites have identified, but given the higher level of growth, moderate at this stage no sites have been identified, minor been identified, minor adverse effects on this objective are adverse effects on this objective are deemed likely. adverse effects on this objective are deemed likely. deemed likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.6 Overall, given the various likely adverse effects -1.3 Overall, given the various likely adverse effects on -1.6 Overall, given the various likely adverse effects on score1 for on biodiversity highlighted from future development biodiversity highlighted from future development in the biodiversity highlighted from future development in the in the different locations, CH-A is considered likely different locations, CH-B is considered likely to lead to minor different locations, CH-C is considered likely to lead to

1 Average scores in this annex are rounded up or down to nearest significance category e.g. -1.4 is rounded down to -1, -1.6 is rounded up to -2, -1.5 is rounded up to -2.

Page | 4 this SA to lead to moderate adverse effects which are adverse effects which are considered capable of being moderate adverse effects which are considered capable objective considered capable of being mitigated but mitigated. of being mitigated but mitigation would be problematic. mitigation would be problematic. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategy CH-B is considered to be the more sustainable option against this objective with the least number of settlements likely to have significant adverse effects from proposed levels of development. Corsham and Chippenham are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects with mitigation problematic, however mitigation is considered possible if careful consideration is given to the location of any new development and associated infrastructure, and a biodiversity net gain is achieved on all sites.

Strategies CH-A and CH-C score equally and are considered the less sustainable options as these are likely to result in the highest number of moderate adverse effects across all settlements/areas with mitigation problematic to achieve. These options propose the highest level of housing and employment growth at the smaller settlements of Corsham, Malmesbury, Calne and Devizes, and also at Melksham.

Recommendation - A key recommendation of this SA is to explore an additional development strategy that could reduce prospective development levels in/around the more ecologically constrained settlements such as Corsham and increase growth at settlements with less ecological constraints, such as Devizes, Calne and Melksham.

As Corsham lies within the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, the settlement is considered to be the most at risk of any impacts on biodiversity as any additional growth, without appropriate mitigation, poses a risk to biodiversity. As a result, moderate adverse effects are likely in the settlement across all strategies.

Development in Corsham and Chippenham should avoid adverse effects on the integrity of the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC and on the River Avon. Reducing levels of development in Corsham, in particular, would help reduce likely adverse effects of this option.

Biodiversity issues in the Chippenham HMA are mainly focussed around protecting Annex II bat species due to the internationally designated Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC. There are also a number of local biodiversity designations (LNR/CWS/SSSI) at all of the settlements assessed and in the rest of the HMA area which have the potential to be adversely affected by development.

Where the level of growth proposed in settlements requires the development of additional infrastructure, an early decision on the location of such infrastructure will be needed to avoid fragmenting key connective habitats such as watercourses and woodland.

The SA findings suggest that the levels of growth proposed would not lead to any ‘major’ adverse effects at any of the settlements which would mean that mitigation measures are not achievable.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Ensure efficient use of land? The design of specific developments will involve setting appropriate housing densities for development and this will be part of the planning process at a later stage. At this stage of the process, it is not possible to comment on the design and density of developments.

DAQ 2: Lead to the reuse of Previously Developed Land where possible/appropriate? There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the whole of the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in significant loss of greenfield land.

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DAQ 3: Encourage remediation of contaminated land? If so, would this lead to issues of viability and deliverability? Across Wiltshire, some 14000 sites of potential contamination exist as a result of a range of historical land uses; 225 high priority sites have been identified as part of a prioritised approach to inspection. Currently just four sites have been determined as contaminated land and remediated. The remediation of contaminated land will be principally addressed through the planning process where former sites change their use.

DAQ 4: Result in the permanent loss of the Best and Most Versatile Agricultural land (Grades 1, 2, 3a)? The majority of the agricultural land surrounding Chippenham is Grade 3 (good to moderate) with areas of Grade 2 (very good) land in the north east and south, where there are also smaller areas of Grade 1 (excellent).

Malmesbury is surrounded by mainly Grade 3 agricultural land with some areas of Grade 4. Calne is surrounded almost entirely by Grade 3 agricultural land, with a small area of Grade 4 to the west and some small areas of Grade 2 to the south east and north west. Corsham is surrounded entirely by Grade 3 agricultural land, with a small area of Grade 2 land to the south. Devizes is the most constrained settlement in the HMA with regards to the proportion of BMV agricultural land surrounding the urban area. While there are areas of Grade 3 land, there is also an equal proportion of Grade 1 and Grade 2 land. While Melksham has some areas of Grade 1 and Grade 2 agricultural land surrounding the settlement, the majority is Grade 3 with some areas of Grade 4. While the majority of the Rest of the HMA is Grade 3, the south of the HMA contains a large proportion of Grade 1 and 2 land.

DAQ 5: Lead to the sterilisation of viable mineral resources? If so, is there potential to extract the mineral resource as part of the development? The area to the south and north east of Chippenham is a designated Mineral Safeguarding Area (MSA). The area surrounding Calne to the western side and the eastern side is a designated Mineral Resource Block and MSA. An MSA surrounds Corsham apart from the east which also covers some of the built-up area of Corsham. There is an MSA extending from the north west of Melksham to the south west, which includes some of the north-west built up area of Melksham. Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne Further assessment is needed on any potential impacts While further assessment is needed on any potential While further assessment is needed on any potential associated with the MSA and Mineral Resource Block impacts associated with the MSA and Mineral Resource impacts associated with the MSA and Mineral Resource at Calne, as well as the proportion of Grade 3a land Block at Calne, as well as the proportion of Grade 3a land Block at Calne, as well as the proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to understand the potential loss of BMV within Grade 3 to understand the potential loss of BMV within Grade 3 to understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land. The risk of loss of BMV and minerals agricultural land, it is considered likely that significant loss agricultural land, it is considered likely that significant loss safeguarded land in the settlement is greater than for of BMV land and impacts on the mineral resources could of BMV land and impacts on the mineral resources could the other strategies. It is considered that moderate be avoided as this strategy proposes a lower level of be avoided as this strategy proposes a lower level of adverse effects are likely against this objective. Calne housing growth proportional to the settlement. However, housing growth proportional to the settlement. However, has a very low amount of PDL therefore the loss of Calne has a very low capacity of PDL therefore the loss of Calne has a very low capacity of PDL therefore the loss of greenfield land is likely. greenfield land is likely. As a result, a minor adverse effect greenfield land is likely. As a result, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. The risk of BMV land being lost in and is considered likely. This strategy is likely to have a similar around Calne is lower compared to rolling forward the effect as CH-B. current strategy. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham Further assessment is needed on the proportion of Further assessment is needed on the proportion of Grade Further assessment is needed on the proportion of Grade Grade 3a land within Grade 3 at Chippenham to 3a land within Grade 3 at Chippenham to understand the 3a land within Grade 3 at Chippenham to understand the understand the potential loss of the best and most potential loss of the best and most versatile (BMV) potential loss of the best and most versatile (BMV) agricultural land as well as any potential impacts

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versatile (BMV) agricultural land as well as any associated with the MSA. As this strategy proposes a high agricultural land as well as any potential impacts potential impacts associated with the MSA. level of growth proportional to the settlement combined associated with the MSA. It is considered likely that development could avoid with the relatively low amount of previously developed It is considered likely that development could avoid some some of the BMV land and significant impacts on the land (PDL) available for development, a moderate adverse of the BMV land and significant impacts on the MSA due MSA due to proposing a lower level of growth effect is considered likely. Furthermore, this strategy to proposing a lower level of growth proportional to the proportional to the settlement. However, despite the proposes the highest level of comparative housing and settlement. However, despite the lower level of growth lower level of growth through this option, the proposed employment growth in Chippenham, therefore, the through this option, the proposed amount of housing at amount of housing at Chippenham is likely to result in potential for BMV land to be affected in the settlement is Chippenham is likely to result in significant loss of significant loss of greenfield land. greater than rolling forward the current strategy. greenfield land. As a result, a moderate adverse effect on this objective As a result, a moderate adverse effect on this objective is is considered likely. considered likely Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham While further assessment is needed on any potential While further assessment is needed on any potential While further assessment is needed on any potential impacts associated with the MSA at Corsham, as well impacts associated with the MSA at Corsham, as well as impacts associated with the MSA at Corsham, as well as as the proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to the proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to the proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land, understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land, this understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land, there is a risk that minor adverse effects can occur as strategy proposes a lower level of proportional growth at there is a risk that minor adverse effects can occur as Corsham has a very low capacity of PDL so the loss of Corsham. However, there is a risk that minor adverse Corsham has a very low capacity of PDL so the loss of greenfield land is likely. Furthermore, this strategy effects may occur as Corsham has a very low capacity of greenfield land is likely. A similar level of growth is proposes the highest level of comparative growth at PDL, so the loss of greenfield land is likely. Nevertheless, proposed through this strategy and as a result is likely to Corsham so the risk of minor adverse effects occurring this strategy proposes the lowest level of comparative have a similar effect as CH-B. is higher compared to the other strategies. housing growth in Corsham, therefore, the risk of minor adverse effects is lower compared to CH-A. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes While Devizes has some capacity for PDL, the scale of While Devizes has some capacity for PDL, the scale of While Devizes has some capacity for PDL, the scale of growth proposed in this option will require significant growth proposed in this option will require significant growth proposed in this option will require significant development on greenfield land. As this strategy development on greenfield land. As this strategy proposes development on greenfield land. As this strategy proposes proposes a high level of proportional housing growth in a medium level of proportional housing growth in Devizes a high level of proportional housing growth in Devizes Devizes which has a high proportion of BMV land which has a high proportion of BMV land surrounding it, which has a high proportion of BMV land surrounding it, surrounding it, this strategy poses a risk of loss to BMV this strategy poses a risk of loss to BMV land depending this strategy poses a risk of significant loss to BMV land land depending on the precise location of development. on the precise location of development. As a result, depending on the precise location of development. As a As a result, moderate adverse effects are considered moderate adverse effects are anticipated. result, moderate adverse effects are anticipated. likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Malmesbury While further assessment is needed on the proportion While further assessment is needed on the proportion of While further assessment is needed on the proportion of of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 at Malmesbury to Grade 3a land within Grade 3 at Malmesbury to Grade 3a land within Grade 3 at Malmesbury to understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land, understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land, it is understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land, it is it is considered likely that the significant loss of BMV considered likely that the significant loss of BMV land considered likely that the significant loss of BMV land land could be avoided. However, the very low capacity could be avoided. However, despite this strategy could be avoided. However, the very low capacity for PDL for PDL in Malmesbury combined with the medium proposing a lower level of growth proportional to the in Malmesbury combined with the medium level of

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level of proportional housing growth proposed in the settlement, a very low capacity for PDL in Malmesbury proportional housing growth proposed in the settlement settlement means that it is likely that greenfield land will means that it is likely that greenfield land will be required. means that it is likely that greenfield land will be required. be required. As a result, a minor adverse effect is As a result, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. As a result, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. considered likely. Furthermore, this strategy proposes However, as this strategy proposes the lowest amount of the highest amount of comparative housing growth in comparative housing growth in Malmesbury, the risk of Malmesbury, therefore, the risk of loss of BMV land in loss of BMV land in the settlement is lower than rolling the settlement is greater than for the other strategies. forward the current strategy. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham A moderate adverse effect is considered likely. While further assessment at Melksham is needed on the A moderate adverse effect is considered likely. However, However, further assessment is needed on the proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to understand further assessment is needed on the proportion of Grade proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 surrounding the potential loss of BMV land as well as any potential 3a land within Grade 3 surrounding Melksham to Melksham to understand the potential loss of BMV land impacts associated with the MSA, this strategy proposes a understand the potential loss of BMV land as well as any as well as any potential impacts associated with the lower level of growth proportional to the settlement, potential impacts associated with the MSA. As this MSA to the west and south of the town. therefore it is considered likely that development could strategy proposes the highest level of comparative avoid BMV land and significant impacts on the MSA. housing and employment growth in Melksham, the risk of However, as Melksham has a very limited supply of PDL, negative effects occurring is greater than for the other the scale of growth in this option would require strategies. This strategy proposes a higher level of growth development on greenfield land. Therefore, a minor when compared to the roll forward and would therefore be adverse effect on this objective is considered likely. This more likely to lead to effects when compared to CH-A. strategy proposes a lower level of growth when compared to the roll forward and would therefore be less likely to lead to effects when compared to CH-A. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is possible for development to avoid areas of BMV and possible for development to avoid areas of BMV and possible for development to avoid areas of BMV and minerals safeguarded land. minerals safeguarded land. minerals safeguarded land. However, as the majority of The majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as As the majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as the Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, further Grade 3 BMV land, further assessment would be Grade 3 land, further assessment would be needed to assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas of needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade 3b to Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. Regardless, understand the extent of BMV land. Regardless, due to land. This option proposes a higher level of growth than due to the likely loss of greenfield land, minor adverse the likely loss of greenfield land, minor adverse effects are CH-A and CH-B and as a result, this strategy is likely to effects are likely. likely. have moderate adverse effects. This strategy proposes the same level to rolling forward the current strategy and therefore a similar effect would be likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.6 As no individual sites have been assessed at this -1.3 As no individual sites have been assessed at this -1.6 As no individual sites have been assessed at this score for stage, it is difficult to understand how the strategy will stage, it is difficult to understand how the strategy will stage, it is difficult to understand how the strategy will this SA affect this objective. However, due to the levels of affect this objective. However, due to the lower levels of affect this objective. However, due to the levels of growth growth proposed in Devizes and Melksham which have growth proposed in most settlements, particularly in proposed, particularly in Devizes and Melksham which objective BMV land surrounding them, this strategy poses a risk Devizes and Melksham which have BMV land surrounding have BMV land surrounding them, this strategy poses a

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of a large amount of loss of BMV land. Therefore, this them, this strategy is less likely to result in significant risk of a large loss of BMV land. Therefore, this strategy is strategy is likely to have a moderate adverse impact effects. Minor adverse effects are likely on this objective. likely to have a moderate adverse impact on this on SA Objective 2. objective.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategy CH-B is considered likely to have lower adverse effects across the range of settlements/areas and is the more sustainable strategy. However, moderate adverse effects are still anticipated at Chippenham and Devizes.

Strategies CH-A and CH-C are considered less sustainable strategies overall as the proposed distribution of development is likely to lead to moderate adverse effects across a wider area

There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the whole HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land and will potentially lead to the loss of the best and most versatile (BMV) agricultural land (Grade 1, 2 and 3a). However, without knowing the exact location of growth and the extent of what BMV land is required, it is anticipated that at least minor adverse impacts will occur in all strategies. Further assessment is likely to be needed to distinguish between Grade 3a land and Grade 3b land.

Uncertainties also exist regarding the potential for mineral resources to be lost and the potential for remediation of contaminated land.

To reduce adverse effects against this objective, development should avoid BMV and minerals safeguarding land, where possible, brownfield land should be prioritised and higher density levels should be considered, where appropriate.

Devizes is considered the most constrained settlement in the Chippenham HMA with regards to this objective due to the high proportion of BMV land surrounding the town. Similarly, Melksham and Chippenham both have areas of BMV land surrounding them, however, these are smaller areas compared to Devizes. Chippenham is likely to have moderate adverse effects across all strategies due to the significant amount of growth proposed in all strategies.

The SA findings suggest that the levels of growth proposed would not lead to any ‘major’ adverse effects at any of the settlements which would mean that mitigation measures are not achievable.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Protect surface, ground and drinking water quality? Malmesbury and surrounds are subject to Source Protection Zones 1 (Inner Protection Zone), 1c (Subsurface Activity), 2 (Outer Protection Zone), 2c (Subsurface Activity) and 3 (Total Catchment).

Devizes is not affected by any water resource protection area, but Source Protection Zones 1, 2 and 3 are positioned to the north east of the settlement boundary.

Melksham and its surrounds are not affected by any water resource protection areas. Protection is given to water resources to the south west of the settlement boundary, however. These are Source Protection Zones 2c and 3c and a Drinking Water Protection Area.

Corsham is encompassed by Source Protection Zones 2 and 3. Some areas of Zone 1 are apparent to the east and south east of the settlement. A Drinking Water Protection Area (Groundwater) is positioned to the south of the settlement boundary, beyond Neston.

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Chippenham is the largest settlement within this HMA and it is covered in its entirety by Source Protection Zones 2 and 2c. These extend beyond the settlement to the west, north and east.

Calne and its surrounds are not affected by any water resource protection zones. Source Protection Zones 1, 2, 2c and 3 are situated to the south east beyond Quemerford, however.

Rest of the HMA - while there are rural areas in the HMA which are within Source Protection Zones or Drinking Water Protected Area, there are also plenty of areas in the countryside where development could occur without proposing a risk to water resources.

DAQ 2: Direct development to sites where adequate water supply, foul drainage, sewage treatment facilities and surface water drainage is available?

At Malmesbury, Wessex Water have identified a need to invest in water network assets to improve capacity between 2025 and 2036. There is a moderate probability that the roll forward would require construction works to accommodate development.

Wessex Water have identified a need to invest in water network assets at Devizes to improve capacity between 2025 and 2036. There is a major probability that the roll forward would require construction works to accommodate development.

At Melksham, Wessex Water have identified a need to invest in water network assets to improve capacity between 2025 and 2036. There may be some issues at Melksham relating to site capacity and land availability. There is a major probability that the roll forward would require construction works to accommodate development.

Wessex Water have identified a need to invest in water network assets at Calne to improve capacity between 2025 and 2036. There may be some issues here relating to site capacity and land availability. There is a moderate probability that the roll forward would require construction works to accommodate development.

At Corsham, Wessex Water have outlined scheduled investments into the local water network during 2019/20 to increase capacity, but there are no plans for investment beyond this. There is a no probability that the roll forward would require construction works to accommodate development.

At Chippenham, Wessex Water have identified a need to invest in water network assets to improve capacity between 2025 and 2036. There is a moderate probability that the roll forward would require construction works to accommodate development.

Rest of the HMA - rural development is likely to be more dispersed which may mean that the existing drainage infrastructure can handle the additional capacity. However, there may be a cumulative effect on the rural system. Furthermore, if the rural development is not dispersed it could lead to requirements to upgrade capacity outside of the main settlements which has not yet been accounted for. Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne Calne is not within any SPZ. Calne is not within any SPZ. Calne is not within any SPZ. Minor adverse effects are considered likely given Minor adverse effects are considered likely given the Minor adverse effects are considered likely given the additional the additional demands placed on water, additional demands placed on water, sewerage and demands placed on water, sewerage and drainage sewerage and drainage infrastructure. drainage infrastructure. infrastructure. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham Chippenham is the largest settlement within this This strategy proposes a much higher level of growth at Chippenham is covered in its entirety by Source Protection HMA and it is covered in its entirety by Source Chippenham and is therefore likely to lead to significant Zones 2 and 2c - these extend beyond the settlement to the Protection Zones 2 and 2c - these extend beyond pressures on the local water network and effects on areas west, north and east. the settlement to the west, north and east.

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There is a need for future investment to increase of protection, unless investment is made into enhancing the There is a need for future investment to increase the capacity the capacity of the water network and manage local network. of the water network and manage any effects on water any effects on water protection areas. It is likely that there would be a moderate adverse effect as protection areas. It is likely that this level of development, a result of this strategy. Furthermore, this strategy It is likely that this level of development, particularly particularly considering Chippenham’s location proposes the highest level of comparative housing growth considering Chippenham’s location within SPZ, will have within SPZ, will have moderate adverse effects and is therefore likely to have more significant effects moderate adverse effects against this objective against this objective. compared to the roll forward. However, mitigation is achievable, if problematic. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Corsham is subject to a large amount of water Corsham is subject to a large amount of water resource Corsham is subject to a large amount of water resource resource protections. protections. protections. Although works are set to be undertaken to Works are set to be undertaken to increase the It is likely that there would be minor adverse effects against increase the capacity of the local water network, it is likely that capacity of the local water network. this objective. further investment would be needed to manage the level of It is likely that there would be minor adverse growth proposed by this strategy. effects against this objective. Minor adverse effects are considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes It is likely that investment would be required to It is likely that investment would be required to improve It is likely that investment would be required to improve improve capacity. Devizes is not affected by any capacity. Devizes is not affected by any water resource capacity. water resource protection areas. protection areas. Due to potential delays in the delivery of water infrastructure Due to potential delays in the delivery of water Due to potential delays in the delivery of water improvements and potential impacts on nearby Source infrastructure improvements and potential impacts infrastructure improvements and potential impacts on Protection Zones, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. on nearby Source Protection Zones, minor nearby Source Protection Zones, minor adverse effects are adverse effects are considered likely. considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury The scale of growth proposed in this strategy may It is likely that there would be minor adverse effects as a It is likely that there would be minor adverse effects as a result impact on this objective due to a lack of future result of this strategy due to uncertainties regarding of this strategy due to uncertainties regarding capacity of the investment in the water network and the potential capacity of the water network and potential impacts on the water network and potential impacts on the Source Protection impact on drinking water resources. Source Protection Zone 1. Zone 1. Due to Malmesbury lying within a Source The effects of growth are considered more likely to be The effects of growth are considered more likely to be Protection Zone 1, a moderate adverse effect is manageable through this strategy than CH-A. manageable through this strategy than CH-A. likely as a result of this strategy. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Investment to increase capacity of the water Investment to increase capacity of the water network is Investment to increase capacity of the water network is very network is very likely to be required. very likely to be required. However, expanding existing likely to be required, however, expanding existing assets may Melksham and its surrounds are not affected by assets may be difficult. be difficult. any water resource protection areas. Melksham and its surrounds are not affected by any water Melksham and its surrounds are not affected by any water It is likely that there would be minor adverse resource protection areas. resource protection areas. effects from this level of growth. It is likely that there would be minor adverse effects from It is likely that there would be minor adverse effects as a result this level of growth. of this strategy, but effects are likely to be greater than CH-A and CH-B which propose lower levels of growth.

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Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system and system and water protection zones, a minor and water protection zones, a minor adverse effect is water protection zones, a minor adverse effect is considered adverse effect is considered likely. considered likely. This proposes the equivalent to the roll likely. forward and therefore the degree of effect is likely to be This strategy proposes a higher level of growth than the other similar. strategies, but it will be possible for development to avoid significant adverse effects on this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.3 Due to uncertainties regarding the precise -1.1 Due to uncertainties regarding the precise location of -1.1 Due to uncertainties regarding the precise location of score for location of development and the potential for development and the potential for additional investment in development and the potential for additional investment in this SA additional investment in infrastructure, it is difficult infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the potential impact on infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the potential impact on to assess the potential impact on water resources. water resources. water resources. objective However, overall, across all settlements/areas, However, overall, development is likely to result in minor However, overall, development is likely to result in minor minor adverse effects on SA objective 3 are adverse effects on SA objective 3. adverse effects on SA objective 3. considered likely. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Given scoring overall across the various settlements/areas, strategies CH-B and CH-C are considered the more sustainable strategies. Both strategies score equally across all settlements/areas.

Strategy CH-A is considered the less sustainable strategy against this objective as adverse effects will be greater and there is a higher level of growth directed towards Malmesbury.

Given the scale of growth at Chippenham, moderate adverse effects are likely for all strategies, with mitigation problematic but achievable.

There are areas in the HMA which lie within Source Protection Zones and Drinking Water Safeguard Areas which would need to be considered if development was allocated in those areas. Furthermore, additional development beyond what is already planned for may require further investment in infrastructure, although until sites have been allocated it is difficult to know whether capacity issues will already have been addressed by planned improvements or whether further works will be required.

Source Protection Zones have been identified within and adjoining the settlement boundaries of Chippenham, Malmesbury and Corsham. Malmesbury is considered particularly constrained with regards to water protection designations as it lies within a Source Protection Zone 1 and is therefore predicted to anticipate a moderate adverse effect for Strategy CH-A.

With regards to investment in infrastructure, development in the rural area is most likely to require additional investment as Wessex Water’s planned improvement works are focused on the towns. As a result, development in the Rest of the HMA poses a risk ensuring capacity of the water network.

The SA findings suggest that the levels of growth proposed would not lead to any ‘major’ adverse effects at any of the settlements which would mean that mitigation measures are not achievable.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise and, where possible, improve on unacceptable levels of noise, light pollution, odour, and vibration?

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At this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options with relation to noise, light pollution, odour and vibration. Although, any level of development is expected to have a degree of effect, it is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and therefore no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

Despite this, there is a risk that across the HMA and particularly within the Rest of the HMA, allocated growth may place development in locations where increases in pollutants such as noise and light may occur where this is not currently an issue.

DAQ 2: Minimise effects on and where possible improve air quality and locate sensitive development away from areas of poor air quality (such as AQMAs)? A long standing AQMA for annual average exceedance of Nitrogen Dioxide is present within Devizes. Levels of Nitrogen Dioxide continue to be monitored by 7 diffusion tubes.

Calne has a long standing AQMA for annual average exceedance of Nitrogen Dioxide. Levels are currently being monitored in 4 locations.

Melksham has been highlighted as a potential AQMA declaration location due to elevated levels of Nitrogen Dioxide. There are currently three diffusion tubes monitoring levels in Melksham.

Chippenham has been highlighted as a settlement at risk of an AQMA declaration due to rising levels of Nitrogen Dioxide. Chippenham continues to be monitored for exceedance of Nitrogen Dioxide and commitments to improving air quality form part of the Air Quality Strategy.

No AQMAs have been identified at Malmesbury and Corsham. These two settlements are understood to be lower risk with regards to air quality and are not highlighted as being locations of immediate air quality concern. However, these settlements continue to be monitored for Nitrogen Dioxide exceedance levels.

Development in the Rest of HMA is unlikely to have a moderate/major effect on any existing AQMA. Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of public transport provision in these areas, development may lead to an increased number of journeys in the private car which could lead to increased pollutants from vehicles.

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pollution. However, it is considered that effects from Dioxide, and this strategy could significantly increase this effects from this level of growth could be mitigated, depending this level of growth could be mitigated, depending risk without adequate infrastructure and mitigation. on the location of development which is unknown. on the location of development which is unknown. Likely effects are moderate adverse with mitigation Likely effects are considered to be moderate adverse as there Likely effects are considered to be moderate problematic but achievable. is currently no AQMA in place and infrastructure can be put in adverse as there is currently no AQMA in place and place to help reduce any effects. infrastructure can be put in place to help reduce any effects. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Corsham is lower risk with regards to air quality and This strategy proposes a lower level of growth and would This strategy proposes a similar level of housing growth to CH- is not highlighted as a location of immediate air therefore be less likely to lead to adverse effects. B but with additional employment land. Corsham is lower risk quality concern. However, growth of this scale at Corsham is likely to have with regards to air quality and is not highlighted as a location of Proposed levels of growth are lower in relative some adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution immediate air quality concern. Growth of this scale at Corsham terms. Growth of this scale at Corsham is likely to and this is likely to be minor adverse with mitigation is likely to have some adverse effects in terms of have some adverse effects in terms of considered to be achievable. environmental pollution. environmental pollution and this is likely to be minor Given that the mitigation measures and development adverse with mitigation considered to be distributions are unknown at this stage, likely effects are achievable. Effects of this strategy are likely to be assessed as minor adverse. greater than CH-B and CH-C. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Rolling forward the current strategy gives a Strategy CH-B gives a comparatively moderate level of Similar to CH-B, this strategy gives a moderate level of growth proportionately high level of growth in Devizes. It growth at Devizes. Despite this being a low level in to Devizes. CH-C carries with it an increased risk of therefore carries with it an increased risk of relative terms, it carries with it a risk of deteriorating the deteriorating the air quality within an area already identified as deteriorating the air quality within an area already air quality within an area already identified as a concern. a concern. Given the above and the required mitigation identified as a concern. Given this, and the required mitigation measures to measures to improve air quality/minimise impacts remaining Given the above and that any new development is improve air quality/minimise impacts remaining unclear at unclear at this stage the current assessment would be a likely to have adverse effects on environmental this stage the current assessment in this location for moderate adverse effect. pollution, and the required mitigation measures to strategy CH-B would be a moderate adverse effect. improve air quality/minimise impacts remaining unclear at this stage the current assessment in this location for strategy CH-A would be a moderate adverse effect on objective 4. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Malmesbury There is no AQMA in Malmesbury and it is There is no AQMA in Malmesbury and it is understood to There is no AQMA in Malmesbury and it is understood to be understood to be lower risk with regards to air be lower risk with regards to air quality and is not lower risk with regards to air quality and is not highlighted as of quality and is not highlighted as of immediate air highlighted as of immediate air quality concern. However, immediate air quality concern. However, growth of this scale is quality concern. Growth of this scale is likely to growth of this scale is likely to have some adverse effects likely to have some adverse effects in terms of environmental have some adverse effects in terms of in terms of environmental pollution. pollution. environmental pollution. Given that the mitigation measures and development Given that the mitigation measures and development Given that the mitigation measures and distributions are unknown at this stage, a minor adverse distributions are unknown at this stage, a minor adverse effect development distributions are unknown at this effect is considered likely at this stage. is considered likely at this stage

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stage, a minor adverse effect is considered likely at this stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Melksham has been highlighted as a potential However, Melksham has been highlighted as a potential Melksham has been highlighted as a potential AQMA AQMA declaration location due to elevated levels of AQMA declaration location due to elevated levels of declaration location due to elevated levels of Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide and growth of this scale is likely to Nitrogen Dioxide and growth of this scale is likely to have and growth of this scale is likely to have some adverse effects have some adverse effects in terms of some adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution. in terms of environmental pollution. environmental pollution. This level of growth is currently assessed as having a This level of growth is currently assessed as having a This level of growth is currently assessed as having moderate adverse effect against this objective. Mitigation moderate adverse effect against this objective and effects are a moderate adverse effect against this objective. measures would need to be established to avoid considerably more significant than the other two strategies. Mitigation measures would need to be established increasing the likelihood of declaring an AQMA. Mitigation measures would need to be established to avoid to avoid increasing the likelihood of declaring an increasing the likelihood of declaring an AQMA. AQMA. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA The level of development proposed in the rest of The level of development proposed in the rest of the HMA The level of development proposed in the Rest of the HMA is the HMA is more likely to place development away is more likely to place development away from many of more likely to place development away from many of the from many of the county’s existing AQMAs and the county’s existing AQMA and therefore is less likely to county’s existing AQMA and therefore is less likely to have a therefore is less likely to have significant adverse have a moderate adverse impact upon any existing moderate adverse impact upon any existing AQMA. Due to the effects. AQMA. Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of public transport Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack lack of public transport provision in certain areas in rest of provision in certain areas in rest HMA, development may lead of public transport provision in certain areas of the HMA, development may lead to a proportionately to a proportionately increased number of journeys in the rest of the HMA, development may lead to a increased number of journeys in the private car which private car which could lead to increased pollutants from proportionately increased number of private car could lead to increased pollutants from vehicles. vehicles. journeys which could lead to increased pollutants This level of growth in these locations is assessed as This level of growth in these locations is assessed as having a from vehicles. having a minor adverse effect against this objective. This minor adverse effect against this objective. This strategy This scale of growth is likely to have some other strategy proposes the equivalent of CH-A and would proposes a higher level of growth and could therefore lead to adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution therefore be likely to have a similar degree of effect on more negative effects in rural areas than the roll forward such as noise and light pollution from new rural areas. option. development. This is assessed as having a minor adverse effect against this objective.

Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.6 Overall, this development strategy is -1.6 Overall, this development strategy is considered -1.6 Overall, this development strategy is considered likely to score for considered likely to have moderate adverse effects likely to have moderate adverse effects against this have moderate adverse effects against this objective. this SA against this objective. objective. objective

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Conclusions/Recommendations:

All strategies are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects overall against the SA objectives, given the scale of growth proposed, and there is no one more sustainable strategy. All three strategies score the same overall.

Development at Calne and Devizes, where there are existing AQMAs, and at Chippenham and Melksham, which have been highlighted as potential AQMA declaration locations due to elevated levels of Nitrogen Dioxide, are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects where mitigation would be problematic

All development strategies lead to significant additional development and are therefore likely to lead to increased air, noise and light pollution, particularly at Chippenham and Melksham which would receive significant growth levels through certain strategies

As the areas of poor air quality in Wiltshire are all traffic related, new development should contribute to improved air quality through reducing the need to travel by private car, promoting sustainable transport solutions and locating housing development in sustainable locations

With regards to other forms of environmental pollution, these are generally the result of urban development. Specific locational policies can ensure that development is directed to the most appropriate locations where air quality, noise and light pollution could be avoided or kept to a minimum

The SA findings suggest that the levels of growth proposed would not lead to any ‘major’ adverse effects at any of the settlements which would mean that mitigation measures are not achievable

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages

DAQ 2: Be located within Flood Zones 2 or 3? If so, are there alternative sites in the area within Flood Zone 1 that can be allocated in preference to developing land in Flood Zones 2 or 3? (To be determined through the application of the Sequential Test) For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages

DAQ 3: Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere? Fluvial flood-risk, along with surface and groundwater flood risk form part of the settlement-level analysis below. The cumulative impact of development was also considered in order to identify those catchments where an increase in flows as a result of growth would have the greatest impact on downstream flood risk. This analysis is based on a strategic assessment of flood risk. Local knowledge will be applied when specific development locations are identified. In terms of flood-risk potential at settlements the following can be stated:

Chippenham is at moderate risk of river, surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Melksham is at high risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Devizes is at low risk of river and surface water flooding and at high risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as low.

Calne is at moderate risk of river and groundwater flooding and at high risk of surface water flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

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Corsham is at low risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Malmesbury is at moderate risk of river flooding, at high risk of surface water flooding and at low risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as low. Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne Calne is at moderate risk of river and groundwater Any new growth would need to take into account the Any new growth would need to take into account the flooding and at high risk of surface water flooding. surface water issues experienced across the town. Minor surface water issues experienced across the town. Any new growth would need to take into account the adverse effects are identified here as a result. Moderate adverse effects are identified at the settlement as surface water flooding experienced across the town. a result. Moderate adverse effects are identified as a result. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Chippenham Chippenham has some areas of flood risk. It is Chippenham is at moderate risk of river, surface water and Whilst all flood typologies demonstrate moderate risk believed that proposed growth levels could be groundwater flooding. Levels of growth proposed under this levels, minor adverse effects are indicated for this accommodated. Therefore, minor adverse effects are strategy are significantly higher and therefore flood risk settlement. indicated. significantly greater, depending on the location of any new development. Cumulative impacts from various development locations is also higher. Moderate adverse effects likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Corsham Corsham is at low risk of river flooding and at Corsham has areas that are moderately susceptible to This level of development would lead to minor adverse moderate risk of surface water and groundwater surface and groundwater flooding. Levels of development effects on this objective at the town. flooding. indicated at the town under this scenario, suggest minor Whilst all flood risk typologies are present, none is at adverse effects against this objective. high risk, rendering growth comparatively more feasible here under this objective, with minor adverse effects likely as a consequence. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes The town has areas of groundwater flooding which Much of the settlement is at risk from groundwater flooding, The town is at notable risk of groundwater flooding thus, development is recommended to avoid. Given that and growth would need to avoid these areas. Given that since there are as yet no indications as regards site- specific growth locations are as yet unknown, likely specific sites for development are as yet unknown, specific development, likely moderate adverse effects are moderate adverse effects could accrue to the town. moderate adverse effects are estimated at the town. anticipated to accrue at this locality. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Malmesbury In Malmesbury there are areas that are at risk of Malmesbury meanwhile has numerous areas of land at risk In Malmesbury, where proposed growth is similar to that surface water flooding, moreover any development especially of surface water flooding. Whilst proposed under CH-B, there are large areas of land at risk of that does take place should carefully consider River growth is less than half of that under Core Strategy groundwater flooding. Avon-related impacts. Continued, given that specific development locations are as Minor adverse effects are thus suggested. Moderate adverse effects are therefore noted at this yet unknown, minor adverse effects are indicated. settlement as CH-A distributes a comparatively higher amount of development to Malmesbury.

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Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Melksham is at high risk of river flooding and at As regards Melksham there are vulnerabilities associated Melksham has its highest level of growth proposed under moderate risk of surface water and groundwater with the potential for especially fluvial flooding. Given the CH-C. The town possesses some areas of flood risk, flooding. proposed lower growth quanta under scenario CH-B, minor mainly fluvial due to the course of the River Avon, but With specific development locations not known this adverse effects are considered likely for the town. moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. leads to moderate adverse effects likely at the town. As a result, moderate adverse effects are estimated here. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Development quanta for Rest of HMA, whilst not Development quanta for Rest of HMA, whilst not location- Development quanta for Rest of HMA, whilst not location- location-specific, are moderately high and therefore specific, conserve the moderately high levels proposed specific, are moderately high, and therefore estimated to estimated to lead to minor adverse effects, which will under Core Strategy Continued, and are therefore lead to minor adverse effects, which will be clarified as site- be clarified as site-level proposals emerge. estimated to lead to minor adverse effects, which will be level proposals emerge. clarified as site-level proposals emerge. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.6 Core Strategy Continued exhibits likely -1.3 The overall judgement for this strategy is minor -1.4 Likely minor adverse effects are likely overall. There score for moderate adverse effects overall, with moderate adverse effects. There are less settlements where are less settlements where significant adverse effects are this SA adverse effects considered likely in Calne, Devizes, significant adverse effects are likely – namely Chippenham likely – namely Calne, Devizes and Melksham. Malmesbury and Melksham. and Devizes. objective

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategy CH-B is considered to be the more sustainable strategy with significant adverse effects considered likely in two settlements - namely Chippenham and Devizes.

Strategy CH-A is considered to be the less sustainable strategy with significant adverse effects considered likely in four settlements - namely Calne, Devizes, Malmesbury and Melksham.

Whilst all areas across Chippenham HMA demonstrate some areas at risk of flooding, some places are more constrained than others. Alternative strategy CH-B, which focuses on Chippenham, offers the best opportunities to achieve flood-resilient development and mitigation.

Devizes is particularly constrained by groundwater flood-risk, which limits the areas of the settlement that might be suitable for further growth. This leads to an outcome of there being likely moderate adverse effects at the town under the more substantive growth scenarios (CH-A and CH-C). Under strategy CH-B growth here is more restrained and this contributes to making this scenario the most feasible for this HMA.

Calne, Melksham and Malmesbury also perform less strongly under this objective. This notwithstanding, these settlements tend to offer greater resilience under this objective via strategy CH-B, which directs reduced growth levels to these places.

In all instances, in order to provide climate change adaptation and mitigation and improve flood resilience, new development must incorporate green infrastructure and sustainable drainage systems. The Strategic Flood Risk Assessment informs application of the sequential test and, if needed, the exception test.

The SA findings suggest that the levels of growth proposed would not lead to any ‘major’ adverse effects at any of the settlements which would mean that mitigation measures are not achievable.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

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Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Conserve and enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? Whilst this level of analysis makes some reference to designated and non-designated heritage assets, these will be appraised in more detail, where necessary, at site-specific stage. Assets of note at this stage at/around the settlements include the following:

Chippenham: specific assets include the town conservation area, registered park at Corsham and garden at Sheldon, Rowden conservation area and archaeology west of the A350. Also, assets associated with the manorial landscapes to the south of the town and vernacular stone villages to the north.

Melksham: specific assets include the town conservation area, Spa and Woolmore Manor (and their settings) to the south-east of the town and Beanacre Manor to the north.

Devizes: specific assets include the Castle scheduled monument & town conservation area and their settings, Roundway Down Battlefield, Caen Hill Locks and the Kennet & Avon Canal.

Calne: specific assets include the town conservation area, registered parkland such as Bowood Park, the scheduled moated site at Pinhills Farm and medieval settlements at Beversbrook and Quemerford.

Corsham: specific assets include the town conservation area, relict former estate parkland to the north and east including the registered park and garden at Corsham Court. Also surrounding conservation areas at Pickwick, Neston, Easton and Gastard.

Malmesbury: specific assets include the Abbey, St Paul’s bell tower spire and the town conservation area and their settings.

Calne In and around Calne, accommodating growth, including a Calne is comparatively less constrained under this Calne is comparatively less constrained under this moderate quantum of land for employment growth, is objective than other settlements in the HMA; minor objective than other settlements in the HMA; minor moderately challenging. In addition to heritage adverse effects are thus likely. Specificity of sites will adverse effects are thus likely. Specificity of sites will allow highlighted above, there are the designated assets allow informed assessment. informed assessment. associated with the agrarian economy, River Marden and canal and railway. Given that development locations are unknown moderate adverse effects are therefore likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham At and around Chippenham accommodating growth is Compared to CH-A, CH-B significantly increases the In and around Chippenham accommodating proposed moderately challenging. Assets particularly at-risk include amount of growth directed to Chippenham and includes growth would be moderately challenging, albeit at rates registered parkland, conservation areas and a moderate quantum of land for employment growth, similar to CH-A. archaeology. Given that development locations are which makes accommodating expansion at this unclear minor adverse effects are therefore likely. settlement comparatively more challenging. This could place at-risk designated & non-designated heritage

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assets and their settings, which in particular include Assets particularly at-risk include registered parkland, registered parkland, conservation areas and conservation areas and archaeology. Minor adverse archaeology. In addition, large-scale urban expansion effects are likely here. north of the town could affect the individual character of the surrounding cluster of high-quality rural settlements. Given proposed quanta in/around Chippenham, inclusive of a moderate quantum for business growth, it is estimated that moderate adverse effects are likely. Careful selection of sites could however mean that subsequent assessment of impacts suggests greater sustainability. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Corsham Growth levels would be challenging for heritage in and Whilst proposed development levels would be Such growth levels, including a moderate quantum of land around Corsham. In addition to the heritage highlighted challenging to accommodate at Corsham it is believed for employment growth, would also be challenging for above, of additional note here and requiring protection that, under this scenario, a comparative reduction of heritage in and around Corsham. On the basis of the would be relict parkland. Given the above, the growth quanta compared to CH-A may lead to less adverse above, moderate adverse effects are therefore likely due to quantum directed towards Corsham through CH-A is effects. However, moderate adverse effects are still heritage assets and their settings in and around Corsham. likely to have moderate adverse effects. likely at this stage of assessment. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Devizes Growth levels would be challenging for heritage in and Under this strategy, a comparative reduction of quanta Under this strategy, a comparative reduction of quanta around Devizes. Given the heritage assets in and around compared to CH-A means that growth may be more compared to CH-A means that growth may be more Devizes, CH-A is considered likely to have moderate sustainable, suggesting likely minor adverse effects at sustainable, suggesting likely minor adverse effects at this adverse effects. this stage of assessment. stage of assessment Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury It is estimated that proposed growth levels under CH-A Under this strategy, a comparative reduction of quanta Under this strategy, a comparative reduction of quanta would be challenging for heritage in and around suggests that growth may be more sustainable, and suggests that growth may be more sustainable, and likely Malmesbury. In addition to the heritage highlighted likely minor adverse effects at this stage of assessment. minor adverse effects at this stage of assessment. above, of additional note here, and requiring protection, are distinctive historic landscape character that includes parkland/estates and water-meadows. This strategy is considered likely to have moderate adverse effects against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Whilst it may be feasible to accommodate proposed Melksham is less constrained than all other settlements CH-C, including a moderate quantum of land for growth in/around Melksham, at a strategic stage minor in this HMA and minor adverse effects are considered employment growth, would substantially increase growth in adverse effects on heritage assets are considered likely. likely under this strategy. Specificity of sites will allow and around Melksham, substantially higher than under CH- informed assessment. A. This could place risks upon designated & non- designated heritage assets and their settings in/around this locality. Moderate adverse effects on heritage assets are likely, however, Melksham is relatively unconstrained in

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heritage terms and depending on the location of any new development, mitigation is easily achievable. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Under this strategy development rates in Rest of HMA Under this strategy development rates in Rest of HMA Development rates in Rest of HMA under this strategy are are elevated. The nature of heritage assets distribution in are the same as CH-A. The nature of heritage assets higher than CH-A and CH-B. However, given the size of the rural area means that such growth locations would distribution in the rural area means that such growth the rural area and therefore the ability for development to have to be selected carefully. Overall, given the size of locations would have to be selected carefully. Overall, avoid harm to heritage assets, minor adverse effects are the rural area and therefore the ability for development to given the size of the rural area and therefore the ability likely. avoid harm to heritage assets, minor adverse effects are for development to avoid harm to heritage assets, minor likely. adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.6 On balance, considering all settlements/areas in this -1.3 On balance, considering all settlements/areas in -1.3 On balance, considering all settlements/areas in this score for HMA, it is considered that this strategy is likely to have this HMA, it is considered that this strategy is likely to HMA, it is considered that this strategy is likely to have this SA moderate adverse effects overall on this objective. have minor adverse effects overall on this objective. minor adverse effects overall on this objective. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

In terms of likelihood of significant effects on heritage assets, strategies CH-B and CH-C score equally and are considered the more sustainable options.

Strategy CH-A is considered the less sustainable option and will result in the most settlements with significant adverse effects.

In this HMA, significant levels of growth in Malmesbury, Corsham and Devizes, proposed under strategy CH-A, is considered the least preferable. These settlements are more constrained in terms of heritage assets and mitigation measures would be harder to implement.

Strategy CH-B does direct substantial growth to Chippenham indicating moderate adverse effects on heritage assets in/around that locality. It is possible that mitigation would, at site-specific level, be able to reduce and mitigate these significant adverse effects through careful site selection and sensitive site design and layout.

Under strategy CH-C, the greatest comparative growth is directed towards Melksham, which represents a sustainable option as Melksham is relatively unconstrained in heritage terms. However, the same strategy proposes marginally higher levels of growth than under CH-B for Malmesbury, Corsham and Devizes, which will increase the likelihood of significant adverse effects.

Overall, Chippenham, Melksham, Calne and the Rest of the HMA offer the greatest scope for accommodating higher levels of development proposed under this objective.

The SA findings suggest that the levels of growth proposed would not lead to any ‘major’ adverse effects at any of the settlements which would mean that mitigation measures are not achievable

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise impact on and where appropriate enhance nationally designated landscapes and their settings and locally valued landscapes? Whilst this strategic-level analysis appraises designated and locally–valued assets, local ones will become even more prominent during detailed / site-specific SA. Principal assets of note at the settlements are as follows.

Chippenham: The area has Spye Parklands Special Landscape Area, along with three registered parks and gardens (Spye, Bowood House and Corsham Park) that in particular would need to be taken into consideration. Cotswolds AONB lies approx. 3km to the west of Chippenham.

Melksham: the principal asset is Spye & Bowood Parklands Special Landscape Area, to the north-east.

Devizes: specific assets include the North Wessex Downs AONB.

Calne: North Wessex Downs AONB and Bowood registered park and garden are both in the wider vicinity.

Corsham: most notably Green Belt to the west of Rudloe, Cotswolds AONB and special landscape area, Corsham Park and other locally-valued land.

Malmesbury: most notably The Abbey, the surrounding landscape context and, westwards, also the setting of Brokenborough and Cotswolds AONB.

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Such an increase in proposed growth indicates moderate adverse effects are likely around Chippenham with mitigation problematic. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Corsham Corsham is more constrained in landscape terms by Corsham is more constrained in landscape terms by the Corsham is more constrained in landscape terms by the the proximity of the Green Belt, Cotswold AONB, proximity of the Green Belt, Cotswold AONB, locally- proximity of the Green Belt, Cotswold AONB, locally- locally-valued landscapes and registered parkland. valued landscapes and registered parkland. valued landscapes and registered parkland. This strategy proposes the highest level of growth at This strategy proposes a lower level of growth at This strategy proposes a similar level of growth at Corsham and moderate adverse effects are considered Corsham than CH-A but moderate adverse effects are still Corsham to CH-B and therefore moderate adverse effects likely. considered likely in this location. are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Devizes The North Wessex Downs AONB lies close to the north The North Wessex Downs AONB lies close to the north The North Wessex Downs AONB lies close to the north and east of Devizes but the town itself is not in the and east of Devizes but the town itself is not in the AONB and east of Devizes but the town itself is not in the AONB AONB and there are significant parts of the town which and there are significant parts of the town which are not and there are significant parts of the town which are not are not constrained by landscape designations. constrained by landscape designations. constrained by landscape designations. The level of growth proposed in CH-A is significantly The level of growth proposed in CH-B is significantly less The level of growth proposed in CH-C is similar to that in higher than the other two strategies and therefore than CH-A and likely effects are therefore considered to CH-B and likely effects are therefore also considered to be moderate adverse effects are considered likely. be minor adverse. minor adverse. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury The proposed levels of development in and around CH-B proposes significantly less growth than CH-A. CH-C proposes a similar level of growth to CH-B. Malmesbury could lead to significant impacts upon The setting of Malmesbury is especially dominated by its The setting of Malmesbury is especially dominated by its landscape assets. The setting of Malmesbury is hilltop Abbey. In addition, the historic town core needs to hilltop Abbey. In addition, the historic town core needs to especially dominated by its hilltop Abbey. In addition, retain strong connections with countryside along river retain strong connections with countryside along river the historic town core needs to retain strong valleys from outlying countryside. Cotswolds AONB lies valleys from outlying countryside. Cotswolds AONB lies connections with countryside along river valleys from adjacent to the existing urban edge of the town to the adjacent to the existing urban edge of the town to the west outlying countryside. west and south. and south. Cotswolds AONB lies adjacent to the existing urban Given this reduced quantum of growth, minor adverse Given this reduced quantum of growth compared with CH- edge of the town to the west and south. effects are considered likely against this objective. A, minor adverse effects are considered likely against this Moderate adverse effects are considered likely against objective. this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Melksham is the least constrained settlement in Melksham is the least constrained settlement in Under development strategy CH-C Melksham would landscape terms. However, location of development landscape terms. However, location of development sites receive significantly increased growth compared to CH-A sites is not known. This level of growth should be able is not known. This level of growth should be able to be and CH-B. However, the town is nevertheless deemed to to be accommodated in landscape terms without accommodated in landscape terms without resulting in be the least constrained settlement in this HMA in resulting in significant effects. significant effects. landscape terms. Development should avoid encroaching Minor adverse effects are considered likely. Minor adverse effects are considered likely. on the rising ground to the east along A3102 as this will impact on Bowood and Spye Park SLA, and be highly visible within the surrounding landscape. Growth should also seek to conserve and enhance the river corridor

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landscapes. Given that growth locations are however unclear minor adverse effects are deemed likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Under this strategy growth rates in Rest of HMA are Under this strategy growth rates in Rest of HMA are Under this strategy growth rates in Rest of HMA are higher elevated. The presence of large national designations elevated. The presence of large national designations than CH-A and CH-B. The presence of large national (AONB) as well as locally-valued landscapes mean that (AONB) as well as locally-valued landscapes mean that designations (AONB) as well as locally-valued landscapes locations in Rest of HMA would have to be selected locations in Rest of HMA would have to be selected very mean that locations in Rest of HMA would have to be very carefully with adequate mitigation to reduce carefully with adequate mitigation to reduce landscape selected very carefully with adequate mitigation to reduce landscape effects. effects. landscape effects. Moderate adverse effects are therefore considered Moderate adverse effects are therefore considered most Moderate adverse effects are therefore considered most most likely until a more detailed assessment can be likely until a more detailed assessment can be undertaken likely until a more detailed assessment can be undertaken undertaken of more precise locations. of more precise locations. of more precise locations. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.6 Moderate adverse effects are considered likely for -1.4 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most -1.3 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most score for the strategy overall, based on the assessment of all likely, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas. likely, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas. this SA settlements/areas. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

Overall, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas, strategy CH-C is considered to be the more sustainable option as there are less adverse effects.

Strategy CH-A is considered to be the less sustainable option as it is the only strategy likely to have significant adverse effects overall.

Recommendation: A key recommendation would be to generate an additional development strategy that would direct lower levels of development to Corsham and Malmesbury which are the most constrained in landscape terms, and direct a proportionately higher level of growth towards the less constrained settlements of Calne, Chippenham and Melksham. Such a strategy would direct growth to Chippenham at rates midway between current strategies CH-B and CH-A/CH-C, with potentially higher levels of growth potential at Melksham and Calne.

The most constrained settlement in landscape terms is Corsham which has Green Belt to the west of Rudloe, the Cotswolds AONB in close proximity to the north and west, a special landscape area, Corsham Park and other locally-valued land. Mitigation would include reducing the quantum of development being directed to Corsham.

Less constrained settlements are Calne, Chippenham, Devizes and Melksham which may be able to accommodate larger quanta of growth in landscape terms. In particular, Melksham has very few landscape constraints and is considered to be able to accommodate a higher level of growth than all other settlements except Chippenham

In the Rest of the HMA, the presence of large national designations (AONB), Green Belt in the western part of the area as well as locally-valued landscapes mean that locations in Rest of HMA would need to be selected very carefully with adequate mitigation to reduce landscape effects. Moderate adverse effects are considered most likely for all Rest of the HMA options until a more detailed assessment can be undertaken of more precise development locations.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

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Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Provide an adequate supply of affordable housing? Delivery of homes in Calne has been above planned rates. The ratio of house price to earnings has increased to 8.07 but remains lower than the average for Wiltshire. 31% of housing delivered at Calne during the period 1/4/09 – 31/3/18 was affordable, against a minimum target of 30%

At Chippenham the ratio of house price to earnings has also risen slightly but remains below the Wiltshire average. This is in spite of only 18% of all housing delivered in the area from 1/4/09 – 31/3/18 being affordable. Historic delivery of homes at the town has been well below planned levels due to delays in bringing forward sites allocated in the plan.

Housing at Corsham has been delivered at planned rates but only 20% of these were affordable housing. The house price to earnings ratio has risen to 11.25 which is above the average for Wiltshire. Proximity to AONB and the Green Belt to the west may be a contributing factor here.

At 8.94 the ratio of house price to earnings for Devizes is below the Wiltshire average. Housing completions have historically been higher than planned, resulting in affordable housing delivery at 35.5% which is above the minimum target of 30%.

The ratio of house price to earnings in Malmesbury continues to be one of the highest in Wiltshire at 14.13. Recent housing building has been slightly higher than planned but only 23% have been affordable against a target of 40%

Housing delivery has been above planned rates at Melksham, 34% of which has been affordable housing, above the minimum requirement for the area. The ratio of house price to earnings for the town is 8.3 which is below the Wiltshire average but higher than in 2008 following the trend seen nationally.

For the Rest of the HMA (the rural area) homes have been delivered at or above expected levels. Affordability ratios are, however, higher in rural areas, which reflects the limited supply of homes at large and small villages in recent years, relative to higher tier settlements.

The updated housing requirement means that growth for the HMA will be higher (by approximately 7,000 homes) than the number of homes allocated for 2006 – 2026 under the WCS. Approximately 49% of this proposed housing requirement for the Chippenham HMA is already committed. However, the provision of a significant number of additional new homes could potentially make a notable contribution to the provision of affordable homes in the HMA.

SA conclusions relate to the ability of the strategy to deliver affordable homes where they are needed and where house price to income ratios are highest.

DAQ 2: Support the provision of a range of house types and sizes to meet the needs of all sectors of the community? Developments providing a mix of house types and sizes can be delivered on small or large sites. For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

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moderate positive effect on the supply of affordable WCS level of growth existing commitments would be built growth under this strategy would be likely to have a minor homes for Calne. out within the next 10 years, meaning that there would be positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Calne. a low level of homes being delivered in the latter half of the plan period. For this reason, it is considered that the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a neutral effect on the supply of affordable homes for Calne, Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor positive Chippenham Historic delivery at Chippenham has been slow. Under Strategy B Chippenham would be expected to Under Strategy C Chippenham would be expected to However, rolling forward the pro-rata requirement deliver just under 10,000 dwellings from 2016-2036. deliver approximately 6,930 dwellings from 2016-2036, under CH-A for the town means that Chippenham Taking into account existing commitments this leaves a significantly more than in the current WCS and marginally would be expected to deliver 6,441 dwellings from residual requirement of 5,640 dwellings. This is a higher than Strategy CH-A. Taking into account existing 2016-2036. Taking into account existing commitments substantial number of homes to be built during the plan this leaves a residual requirement of 2,315 dwellings. It period and would no doubt ensure a large number of commitments this leaves a residual requirement of 2,805 is considered that the scale of growth under this affordable units, although this would depend on the dwellings. It is considered that the scale of growth under strategy would be likely to have a minor positive effect demand matching what is being provided, and this not this strategy would be likely to have a moderate positive on the supply of affordable homes for Chippenham. resulting in a shortfall in provision in other parts of the effect on the supply of affordable homes for Chippenham. HMA where demand for affordable homes may be high. It is considered that the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a major positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Chippenham. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: moderate positive Corsham For Corsham, rolling forward the current strategy would Under Strategy B the same housing requirement would Under Strategy C there would be an increase in housing mean an increase in housing provision to 1740 be applied to Corsham as for the previous plan period. provision of 500 at Corsham compared to the previous dwellings compared to the previous plan period. Taking Taking into account commitments there would be a plan period, slightly less than Strategy A. Taking into into account commitments, there would be a residual residual requirement of 525 dwellings. It is considered account commitments there would be a residual requirement of 1,045. It is considered that the scale of that the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely requirement of 670. It is considered that the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a to have a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable growth under this strategy would be likely to have a minor moderate positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Corsham. positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for homes for Corsham. Corsham. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Devizes Rolling forward the current WCS strategy at Devizes, Under Strategy B the same housing requirement would Under Strategy C, there would be an increase of 800 would mean a significant increase of 900 dwellings to be applied to Devizes as for the previous plan period. dwellings to the housing requirement for Devizes, the housing requirement for the town. Taking into Taking into account existing commitments, there would be marginally higher than Strategy CH-B. Taking into account account existing commitments, there is a residual a residual requirement of 1,010 homes. It is considered existing commitments, there is a residual requirement of requirement of 1,870 homes. It is considered that the that the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely 1,250 homes. It is considered that the scale of growth scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to to have a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable under this strategy would also be likely to have a minor have a moderate positive effect on the supply of homes for Devizes. positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for affordable homes for Devizes. Devizes. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive

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Malmesbury Rolling forward the WCS against the housing Under Strategy B the same housing requirement would Under Strategy C the housing requirements for requirements for Malmesbury for 2016-2036 would be applied to Malmesbury compared to the previous plan Malmesbury 2016-2036 would mean an increase of mean an increase of 400 dwellings for the plan period period. Taking into account commitments there would be approximately 300 dwellings for the plan period compared compared to current housing requirements. Taking into a residual requirement of 315 dwellings. It is considered to current housing requirements, marginally lower than account commitments there would be a residual that the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely Strategy A and marginally higher than Strategy B. Taking requirement of 690 dwellings. Given the high to have a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable into account commitments, there would be a residual affordability ratio and relatively low growth proposed, it homes for Malmesbury. requirement of 420 dwellings. It is considered that the is uncertain whether the scale of growth under this scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have strategy would be sufficient to address the current a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes imbalance. However, CH-A allocates the highest for Malmesbury. number of homes to the town, compared to the alternatives, and is therefore considered likely to have a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Malmesbury. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Melksham At Melksham, rolling forward the WCS strategy against Under Strategy B the same housing requirement would Under Strategy C the housing requirements for 2016-2036 the housing requirements for 2016-2036 would mean be applied to Melksham compared to the previous plan would mean a significant increase in approximately 1,750 an increase in 1,000 homes to be delivered at the town period. Taking into account existing commitments there is homes to be delivered at Melksham compared to housing compared to housing requirements for the current plan a residual requirement of 875 homes for the town. It is requirements for the current plan period. This is period. Taking into account existing commitments there considered that the scale of growth under this strategy significantly higher than Strategy A. Taking into account is a residual requirement of 1,835 homes for the town. would be likely to have a minor positive effect on the existing commitments, there is a residual requirement of It is considered that the scale of growth under this supply of affordable homes for Melksham. 2585 homes for the town. It is, however, uncertain whether strategy would be likely to have a moderate positive the increase in provision would result in an over-supply of effect on the supply of affordable homes for Melksham. affordable homes at the town. However, it is considered that this scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a major positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Melksham. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Rest of HMA A continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth Under Strategy B the housing requirements for 2016 – Under Strategy C there would be a modest increase in at small and large villages is likely to exacerbate 2036 would mean an increase in housing requirement of housing requirement compared with strategies A and B to affordability issues in these parts of the Rest of the approximately 900 dwellings to be met at small and large be met at small and large villages. Taking into account HMA. Taking into account existing commitments there villages. Taking into account existing commitments there existing commitments there is a residual requirement of is a residual requirement of 1,270 homes for the Rest is a residual requirement of 1,270 homes for the Rest of 1,730 homes for the Rest of the HMA. of the HMA. the HMA. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to be small. These factors on balance is likely to result in a likely to be small. These factors on balance is likely to be small. These factors on balance is likely to result in a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes in result in a minor adverse effect on the supply of minor adverse effect on the supply of affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. the rest of the HMA.

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Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.3 Minor positive effects are considered likely for this 0.9 Minor positive effects are considered likely for this 1.4 Minor positive effects are considered likely for this score for strategy overall, based on the assessment of all strategy overall, based on the assessment of all strategy overall, based on the assessment of all this SA settlements/areas. settlements/areas. settlements/areas. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

All three strategies score positively against this objective, but this is assuming that the level of housing proposed is achieved. However, it is important to consider which option would be most likely to result in the most sustainable distribution of affordable homes. Based on this assessment, Strategy CH-C is considered to have the greatest sustainability benefits and is the more sustainable option. Strategy CH-A is considered to be only slightly less sustainable than CH-C.

Strategy CH-B is considered to be the less sustainable option as, although likely to be positive overall, benefits will be less than the other two strategies.

The housing need for the Chippenham HMA is notably higher than for the previous plan period and therefore the level provision of homes under each of the strategies is more likely to have a positive effect for the overall provision of affordable homes at most of the settlements.

Strategy CH-A distribution would result in the highest number of significant benefits in a greater number of settlements. However, CH-C would result in greater sustainability benefits overall, given the significant amount attributed to Melksham, significant benefits also at Chippenham and that benefits are also likely in the Rest of the HMA. At Melksham, under Strategy CH-C, there is a risk of over-provision of affordable homes at the town but overall, this strategy performs better than CH-A and CH-B.

Strategy CH-B would have major positive effects at Chippenham but at the expense of adequate affordable homes provision in all of the other settlements/areas. This leads to some uncertainty as to whether this would result in the delivery of affordable homes when and where they are needed. If actual delivery of homes at Chippenham is unable to reach target rates, for example, there is no guarantee that this would be made up elsewhere within the HMA at sustainable locations.

A better understanding of the likely delivery timescales for development at Chippenham and Melksham will be needed to determine whether the proposed levels of homes for these settlements under scenarios CH-B and CH-C are realistic and achievable within the plan period.

A rural facilities survey should be undertaken to identify where the provision of homes could be targeted to help support the vitality of rural settlements in the HMA.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Maximise opportunities within the most deprived areas? Within the Chippenham HMA there are areas of deprivation identified in Melksham, Chippenham and Calne. Older people are at risk of social isolation in Calne and Melksham.

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Calne is currently a location where deprivation is apparent, with 6% of residents living in areas of high deprivation. Additionally, a number of children living in low income families, the number of younger people being supported by social care and a Common Assessment Framework (CAF) are higher than the Wiltshire average.

Deprivation is apparent in Chippenham with 6% of the population living in areas of high deprivation.

Deprivation is apparent in Melksham with 10% of the population living in areas of high deprivation. Additionally, a higher than Wiltshire average proportion of young people are living in low income families and/or are being supported by social care.

A higher than the Wiltshire average proportion of younger people live within low income families and are supported by CAF in Devizes.

DAQ 2: Be accessible to educational, health, amenity greenspace, community and town centre facilities which are able to cope with the additional demand? Secondary schools in Chippenham are expected to reach their capacity in upcoming years and there is an opportunity to expand the Abbeyfield School. However, the school is being expanded to meet known demand and expansion is subject to PFI barriers. A substantial number of homes on a single site is likely to require the provision of a new secondary school and higher levels of growth, such as an additional 4500 homes would therefore enable a new school. Further, primary provision is also expected to be required, while emerging strategic sites are likely to bring forward additional primary provision. Chippenham has a community hospital and currently has excess GP capacity when overall capacity is considered. However, it is expected to have a GP capacity gap (-27m2) by 2026 so would require further investment in the future.

Despite a hospital being situated in Melksham, there is an existing GP capacity issue (-112m2), which is expected to increase by 2026 (-154m2). There is limited capacity available at Melksham Oak School, with it being expected that the school provision has been secured reaches capacity in the near future. Additionally, expansion is planned for the school to meet known emerging demand. Further expansion risks creating a very large school. More substantial levels of housing, in the region of 4500 homes would be able to support new secondary school provision. New primary and expansion is being pursued currently, but beyond this additional primary provision would have to be delivered, with around 1300 homes being able to support a new primary school.

A community hospital is situated at Devizes and additionally there are plans to refurbish Lansdowne GP surgery. Despite this, Devizes has the second largest gap in GP provision in the Wiltshire CCG as of September 2016 (-612m2). This is predicted to increase to -820m2 by 2026. There is capacity within the Devizes Secondary School to take on new students from modest levels of housing development. Some investment opportunities could be apparent at Devizes School and Lavington School. The latter of which is at capacity. There is a surplus of places among primary schools in the area and opportunities for expansion are apparent.

The NHS have identified an opportunity to support a GP surgery redevelopment in Malmesbury, where there are no existing GP capacity gaps identified or forecast for the future. Malmesbury Secondary School is currently undergoing expansion to meet known demand from new development and there may be limited opportunities to expand the school beyond this. Substantial additional growth could support new secondary school provision. Opportunities to expand the PFI school could be subject to complex negotiations. Expansion of the primary school is currently taking place and there are additional opportunities for new or expanded provision.

Corsham is in the top 10 for largest gap in GP provision in the Wiltshire CCG (-283m2) in September 2016. The gap is expected to increase to -408m2 by 2026. There is scope to expand the existing secondary school, but current plans being pursued to provide places for known demand from new housing. Additional expansion (upwards of 1000 homes) risks creating an extremely large school. Therefore, larger numbers of housing would require new provision. Recent expansion of Corsham Primary School has been apparent to meet known demand, although there is a small existing surplus of places. As a result, additional primary provision is expected to be required.

Calne has a community hospital and currently has excess GP capacity when overall capacity is considered. However, it is expected to have a GP capacity gap by 2026 (-79m2) so would require further investment in the future. There is capacity at John Bentley Secondary School and a further opportunity for expansion. An additional secondary school could be supported during the plan period by substantial levels of housing at Calne, but the needs of an additional 1400 homes could be accommodated by expanding the existing school. Additional primary provision is expected to be required, while Priestly Primary school has recently been expanded to meet known demand, further expansion on of this primary school is an opportunity.

DAQ 3: Promote/create public spaces and community facilities that might support public health, civic, cultural, recreational and community functions?

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For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options in relation to public spaces and community facilities. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne This strategy proposes the highest level of growth in Despite uncertainties relating to the capabilities of this This strategy proposes similar levels of growth to CH-B Calne, which may place additional pressures on strategy in overcoming issues of deprivation and a small and is therefore expected to lead to similar effects. Likely existing services and facilities. However, it should also health service capacity issue, this strategy provides areas of development are not known at this stage. have benefits in terms of provision of affordable opportunities to invest in these in an area where There are opportunities to invest in areas of deprivation, housing for those on low incomes or currently living in education services are likely to be able to cope with school provision and health services and therefore, it is inappropriate housing, new or expanded additional demand resulting from this level of growth. As a likely that there would be a minor positive effect on this community/cultural/recreational facilities, including new result, it is likely that there would be minor positive effects objective. schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new when compared to the roll forward. areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. This proposed level of growth in Calne is considered likely to have moderate positive effects against this objective. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Chippenham At Chippenham, this strategy proposes a low level of This strategy proposes significantly higher levels of This strategy proposes moderate levels of growth at proportionate growth. This is moderate in relative and growth for Chippenham and a higher level of growth than Chippenham, in proportionate, relative and comparative comparative terms, however. rolling forward the Core Strategy which may place terms. This strategy creates opportunities for investment in This strategy will have benefits in terms of provision of additional pressures on existing services and facilities. an area where deprivation is apparent and in health affordable housing for those on low incomes or However, this strategy is likely to support investment into currently living in inappropriate housing, new or areas suffering from deprivation and into health services. services. But it is unclear whether this level of growth expanded community/ cultural/recreational facilities, Additionally, this significant level of growth should be able would be able to support new primary and secondary including new schools and healthcare facilities, and to support new secondary level schooling provision which schooling provision at Chippenham and it is therefore likely creation of new areas of public open space that could will reach capacity in forthcoming years. Significant new that there would be a minor positive effect. This strategy help reduce social isolation and allow physical development is likely to be much more positive than proposes similar levels of growth when compared to exercise. It will create opportunities for investment in an negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and Strategy CH-A and is therefore expected to lead to similar area with apparent issues of deprivation and in health promoting more inclusive communities. effects. services. But this level of growth is unlikely to support As a result of significant growth under this strategy, it is new school provision at Chippenham and is therefore likely that major positive effects will result. When likely to have a minor positive effect only. compared to the roll forward it is likely that there would be more opportunities to mitigate impacts on this objective through higher levels of growth.

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Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: minor positive Corsham This strategy proposes the highest level of growth in Within Corsham, this level of growth is relatively low. However, it should still have some benefits in terms of Corsham, which may place additional pressures on However, it should still have some benefits in terms of provision of affordable housing, new or expanded existing services and facilities. However, it should also provision of affordable housing, new or expanded community/ cultural/ recreational facilities, and creation of have benefits in terms of provision of affordable community/ cultural/ recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce housing for those on low incomes or currently living in new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. inappropriate housing, new or expanded social isolation and allow physical exercise. Due to the substantial GP gap identified and unclear community/cultural/recreational facilities, including new Due to the substantial GP gap identified and unclear opportunities to invest in both health services and school schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new opportunities to invest in both health services and school through this strategy, it is therefore likely that there would areas of public open space that could help reduce through this strategy, it is therefore likely that there would be a minor positive effect only. It is unclear whether this social isolation and allow physical exercise. be a minor positive effect only. It is unclear whether this strategy would be sufficient to lead to mitigation when New development is likely to be more positive than strategy would be sufficient to lead to mitigation when compared to the roll forward of the current strategy. negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation compared to the roll forward of the current strategy. and promoting more inclusive communities. This proposed level of growth in Corsham is considered likely to have moderate positive effects against this objective. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Devizes CH-A focusses a proportionately high level of growth in This level of growth is low in relative terms and lower Due to the surplus places at schools in the area and Devizes which may place additional pressures on when compared directly to the roll forward. Existing opportunities at Devizes to invest in areas suffering from existing services and facilities. However, it should also school provision could be able to support this level of deprivation and health services, it is likely that there would have benefits in terms of provision of affordable growth, additionally this strategy could direct investment be a minor positive effect on this objective as a result of housing for those on low incomes or currently living in into areas subject to deprivation and local health services. this strategy. This strategy proposes similar levels of inappropriate housing, new or expanded New development is likely to be more positive than growth when compared to Strategy CH-B and is therefore community/cultural/recreational facilities, including new negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and expected to lead to a similar effect. schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new promoting more inclusive communities. areas of public open space that could help reduce Therefore, it is likely that this level of growth will have social isolation and allow physical exercise. minor positive effects against this objective. Devizes has the second largest gap in GP provision in the Wiltshire CCG as of September 2016 (-612m2) and this is predicted to increase to -820m2 by 2026. Due to opportunities to invest in health services, areas suffering from deprivation and existing school places, it is likely that this proportionately high level of growth will have moderate positive effects. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Malmesbury There are no existing GP capacity gaps identified or Despite some uncertainties relating to the capabilities of Despite some uncertainties relating to the capabilities of forecast for the future. Substantial additional growth this strategy in overcoming issues of deprivation, this this strategy in overcoming issues of deprivation, this could support new secondary school provision. strategy is more likely to be positive than negative in strategy is more likely to be positive than negative in terms This level of growth may place additional pressures on terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more existing services and facilities. However, it should also more inclusive communities. inclusive communities. have benefits in terms of provision of affordable

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housing, new or expanded community/ As a result, minor positive effects are considered likely. As a result, minor positive effects are considered likely. cultural/recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. This proposed level of growth in Malmesbury is considered likely to have moderate positive effects against this objective. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Melksham Deprivation is relatively high with 10% of the population Deprivation is relatively high with 10% of the population Deprivation is relatively high with 10% of the population living in areas of high deprivation. There is an existing living in areas of high deprivation. There is an existing GP living in areas of high deprivation. There is an existing GP GP capacity issue and limited capacity at Melksham capacity issue and limited capacity at Melksham Oak capacity issue and limited capacity at Melksham Oak Oak School. School. School. CH-A places a moderate level of growth within CH-B proposes lower growth within Melksham. CH-B proposes significantly higher growth at Melksham. Melksham. A high level of growth is proposed when There is the opportunity to invest in health services and High levels of growth are considered to be capable of compared to other strategies. areas suffering from deprivation and benefits in terms of overcoming existing issues and provide investment There is the opportunity to invest in health services and provision of affordable housing, new or expanded opportunities into areas of deprivation, health services and areas suffering from deprivation and benefits in terms community/ cultural/recreational facilities, and creation of primary and secondary education. of provision of affordable housing, new or expanded new areas of public open space that could help reduce Significant new development is likely to be far more community/ cultural/recreational facilities, and creation social isolation and allow physical exercise. positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and of new areas of public open space that could help CH-B is considered likely to have minor positive effects deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. against this objective. This proposed significant level of growth in Melksham is CH-A is considered likely to have moderate positive considered likely to have major positive effects against this effects against this objective. objective. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Rest of HMA Services and facilities such as shops and public Services and facilities such as shops and public transport Development on a smaller scale in large and small villages transport services have reduced in recent years with services have reduced in recent years with higher levels is likely to be positive in terms of providing some affordable higher levels of deprivation and social exclusion on of deprivation and social exclusion on accessibility housing and will help improve viability of local services and accessibility grounds. grounds. facilities. Development on a smaller scale in large and small Development on a smaller scale in large and small The level of growth in CH-C is considered likely to have villages is likely to be positive in terms of providing villages is likely to be positive in terms of providing some greater benefits overall than the other two strategies but some affordable housing and will help improve viability affordable housing and will help improve viability of local still minor positive. of local services and facilities. services and facilities. The level of growth in CH-A is considered likely to have The level of growth in CH-B is considered likely to have minor positive effects overall. minor positive effects overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive

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Average 1.7 Overall, this strategy is likely to have moderate 1.3 Overall, it is likely that there would be minor positive 1.3 Overall, it is likely that there would be minor positive score for positive effects on objective 9 as higher levels of effects on this objective. Significant benefits are mainly effects on this objective. Significant benefits are mainly this SA growth are distributed more evenly among a greater likely at Chippenham but due to the uneven distribution, likely at Melksham but due to the uneven distribution, other number of settlements. other settlements/areas are only likely to receive minor settlements/areas are only likely to receive minor benefits objective benefits in improving levels of deprivation, social in improving levels of deprivation, social exclusion and exclusion and community facilities and services. community facilities and services. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategy CH-A is considered likely to be the more sustainable option for this objective as there are higher levels of growth distributed more evenly among different settlements which results in significant benefits likely to occur in a larger number of settlements.

Strategies CH-B and CH-C score equally and are considered the less sustainable options. They tend to result in likely significant benefits in just the one location in each case – Chippenham in CH-B and Melksham in CH-C. This decreases the benefits in all of the other locations in the HMA.

New development can place additional pressures on existing services and facilities in all settlements. However, it should also have benefits in terms of provision of affordable housing for those on low incomes or currently living in inappropriate housing, new or expanded community/cultural/recreational facilities, including new schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise.

New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities.

There are opportunities within all strategies to support and improve the health and wellbeing of communities. All settlements within the Chippenham HMA, besides Malmesbury, are subject to an either existing or emerging GP gap. Additional development risks exacerbating this issue but could result in investment in services and facilities where existing issues are apparent. This investment is somewhat necessary in Melksham, Corsham and Devizes, where GP capacity issues are forecast to get worse even without any additional investment or new development.

There are existing issues of deprivation identified in Devizes, Chippenham, Melksham and Calne. Each strategy proposes growth of some level in these settlements, therefore creating opportunities for investment and provision of affordable housing where deprivation is apparent.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote mixed use developments, in accessible locations, that reduce the need to travel and reliance on the private car?

Limited notable observations are possible at this stage in relation to this DAQ. Further consideration will be given to these matters at a later, more site specific, stage where more precise accessibility, development mix and travel options become clearer. Where observations can be made at this strategic stage, they have been made below.

Each of the main settlements within this HMA possess bus travel options to varying degrees to offer alternatives to private car travel. Rail links within settlements are not universal and are only present within Chippenham and Melksham. When looking at the rest of the HMA, many of these locations are positioned in less accessible locations than the market towns and principal settlements and may increase the reliance on the private car, often being positioned further away from many amenities or public transport services.

DAQ 2: Provide suitable access and not significantly exacerbate issues of local transport capacity (unless there is evidence that such impacts can be mitigated)?

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The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain key strategic constraints at each location. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise suitability of access along with the impacts on local transport capacity. More detailed assessment will be possible at the site assessment stage where impacts along with mitigation/improvement measures will become clearer.

Calne suffers from highway network congestion, notably around Wood Street and Curzon Street, which also has an impact on the AQMA designation. This highway congestion has an impact on any services or transportation using the A4 through the town.

Hosting highway links with the A350, A4 and A420, Chippenham sits at the centre of a number of key highway routes that, particularly at peak hours, suffer from congestion impacting journey times. The A350 around Chippenham carries the highest volume of vehicles and HGVs on Wiltshire Primary Route Network. These key routes, particularly where they pass through the town, are constrained by pinch points caused by bridges and historic layouts.

Corsham’s main highway link lies with the A4 that sits on the northern edge of the town. Congestion has been particularly highlighted at junctions on this route, having subsequent impacts of journey times.

Lying on the convergence of the A361, A342 and A360 has led to Devizes suffering from highway congestion that impacts travel through the town, also having a negative impact on the designated AQMA.

The transport connectivity in Malmesbury is largely dominated by the A429 which can become congested at peak times.

Melksham’s existing transport infrastructure mainly lies with the A350 with other routes including the A3102 and A365. These routes confluence on the A350 which cause significant peak hour congestion and delays, particularly through the town.

Within the rest of HMA, links to the highway network vary as do the levels of existing transport capacity. That being said, the majority of settlements in the rest of HMA will likely be less accessible to services and increase the likelihood of increasing usage of transport corridors with lower levels of capacity.

DAQ 3: Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure? The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain elements of the existing transport infrastructure in each broad location that could be utilised sustainably if growth were to take place. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise potential efficient use or impacts upon the existing transport infrastructure. More detailed assessment will be possible at the site assessment stage where the potential for utilisation or improvements to the existing transport infrastructure will become clearer.

Highway connectivity within Calne lies mainly with the A4 running through the town and A3102 which also runs through the town. These highway links provide bus services to the surrounding settlements. No rail option is present within Calne, the nearest option being Chippenham.

Chippenham’s highway links, namely the A350, A4 and A420 offer good options for travel including bus services to the surrounding settlements, some operating from the bus station that provides a bus interchange facility within the town. Chippenham also provides one of the closest locations for access to the M4, which lies just 4 miles north. Chippenham rail station provides links on the Great Western mainline, with this station being well connected to the town centre.

In highway terms, Corsham is well served by the A4 providing links further afield, radiating out from this link. This link provides a basis from which bus services operate to serve Corsham, linking to surrounding settlements. No rail link is present within Corsham, the nearest link is Chippenham.

The confluence of the A361, A342 and A360 characterise the transport links present within Devizes in highway terms, with bus services utilising these key routes to serve the town. In terms of rail provision, Devizes does not offer strong rail links with no station present within the town while links to existing stations are currently providing well utilised options.

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The A429 acts as the main highway link connecting Malmesbury to settlements north and south, also acting as it’s link to other transport corridors. Subsequently, bus services utilise this link to provide buses to these locations. Malmesbury does not have a rail link itself, the nearest station being Kemble.

Melksham is serviced by the A350 primary route providing links to key surrounding settlements. Other routes, namely the A3102, A365 along with B routes provide links to further surrounding settlements. Bus services utilise these links to provide sustainable means to access these settlements. A railway station is present within Melksham, though services are not as extensive as those offered at the surrounding stations.

The rural nature of the Rest of the HMA leads to a large variance in the nature and availability of transport infrastructure, both in public transport and highway terms. Existing sustainable transport infrastructure in the rest of the housing market area is often limited due to the remote location of certain areas with in-frequent public transport services and accessibility. Efficient use of existing transport systems in these locations is consequently more likely to be constrained by the lack of current infrastructure.

DAQ 4: Provide the opportunity to create additional sustainable transport infrastructure including safe active travel? The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of the existing sustainable transport provision and pedestrian environment in each broad location that provide opportunity for enhancement moving forward. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise opportunities to enhance safe active travel without knowing the spatial distribution of growth within each location. More detailed assessment should be possible at the site assessment stage where the opportunities to create additional sustainable transport infrastructure will become clearer.

Within Calne, the absence of a railway links means that sustainable transport enhancement would need to come from the provision of bus services. The A4 and A3102 provide the main linkages to the surrounding areas and offer opportunity to further enhance the public transport offer within Calne. Active travel is characterised by national cycle route 403 that passes through the town, with cycle connectivity offered with a direct link to Chippenham. Within the town, the town cycle network plan has been developed to display opportunities.

The railway station in combination with the bus services serving Chippenham, offering links to the surrounding settlements utilising the main transport routes radiating from Chippenham, provide opportunity for further enhancement of the public transport options within the town. The bus station is another opportunity to further enhance the utilisation of such services within Chippenham. In safe active travel terms, national cycle route 403 passes through the town which in combination with other links such as regional route 20, provide some options. It is acknowledged that constraints such as the river and railway line can restrict such options. The Chippenham Transport strategy does identify some key routes that can improve the pedestrian and cycle provision.

The highway link provided by the A4, and the bus services operating from this route, offer the main linkages and subsequent opportunities to further enhance bus provision to the surrounding settlements in the absence of a railway link when considering Corsham. In safe active travel terms, options such as the Wiltshire cycleway, national cycle route 254 and regional route 20 provide some options. Within the town, the town cycle network plan displays some opportunities and current provision.

Bus services operating on the 3 routes that confluence at Devizes, namely the A361, A342 and A360 provide the main opportunities to further enhance bus services operating from Devizes. The possibility to enhance rail usage is limited with no rail link or direct links to rail services present within the town. In active travel terms, national cycle route 4 passes through the town along the canal tow path. The Devizes transport strategy offers further information to enhance provision.

Bus services, namely those operating along the A429 connecting Malmesbury to surrounding settlements provide the main opportunity to enhance sustainable transport links to the surrounding settlements. Rail provision is not provided within the town however links to Kemble or Chippenham offer the best opportunities to enhance rail usage. Active travel at a high level is present with the national cycle route 254 and sections of the Wiltshire cycleway passing through the area. The Malmesbury town cycle network plan also highlights provision and opportunities.

Melksham, being served by the A350, A3102 and A365 does offer further opportunities for the enhancement of the public transport offer through the improvements of bus services. The rail link within Melksham also offers opportunity to further enhance rail provision within the town. Active travel options are present in the form of national cycle route 403 with route 4 following the route of the canal. The Melksham town cycle network plan further highlights provision and opportunities within the town.

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Within the Rest of the HMA there is relatively poor cycle network provision in the rural hinterland and while settlements are connected by Public Rights of Way, the quality and visibility of these routes vary. The bus services are often limited or in-frequent, particularly in more sparsely populated rural areas, though it is acknowledged that growth of towns and villages may offer the opportunity to make some public transport services more viable to these areas. Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne At Calne, a higher level of housing growth is proposed At Calne, a lower level of housing growth is proposed At Calne, a similar level of housing growth to CH-B within CH-A along with some employment growth. within CH-B in comparison to all other options, along with proposed, but with no employment provision. Given Given existing constraints, this is assessed as having a an employment allocation. This is assessed as having existing constraints, this is assessed as having a minor moderate adverse effect against this objective. likely minor adverse effects against this objective. adverse effect against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham While offering a comparatively wider number of Focusing development at Chippenham, both housing and While offering a comparatively wider number of possibilities to enhance sustainability of travel, future employment, provides the opportunity to take advantage possibilities to enhance sustainability of travel, future growth at this level is currently assessed as having a of key sustainable transport services. This focus however growth at this level is currently assessed as having a moderate adverse effect against this objective, given will need to show how development may mitigate current moderate adverse effect against this objective, given mitigation measures will need to become clearer to constraints including congestion and the subsequent combat current constraints and sustainably manage impact on both private and public transport. mitigation measures will need to become clearer to this level of growth. Given this, focusing growth in Chippenham is currently combat current constraints and sustainably manage this assessed as having a moderate adverse effect against level of growth. this objective, although effects are considered to be greater and more significant than CH-A or CH-C due to the significantly higher growth. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham This is currently assessed as having moderate adverse Under this option Corsham is currently assessed as Corsham is identified to take a similar level of growth to effects against this objective. having a minor adverse effect against this objective. CH-B but with additional employment. This is currently assessed as having likely minor adverse effects against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Within Devizes, growth at this proposed rate Devizes proportionately acts as the next settlement for Strategy CH-C also allocates a proportionately high level corresponds to a proportionately high level of growth growth within this HMA in strategy CH-B. Growth at this of growth to Devizes, similar to CH-B. This proportionately for the town. This is currently assessed as having likely proposed rate is currently assessed as having moderate high level of growth is currently assessed as having moderate adverse effects largely due to the unknown adverse effects at this location given the unknown extent moderate adverse effects largely due to the unknown extent to which mitigation will be established to to which mitigation will be established to maximise the extent to which mitigation will be established to minimise minimise negative impacts on the currently congested sustainability of future growth and associated travel, and negative effect on the currently congested highway highway infrastructure. negative impacts on the currently congested highway infrastructure. infrastructure. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Malmesbury Further growth would need to consider its effects on At Malmesbury, while proposed levels of growth are Further growth would need to consider its effects on the the identified constraints. Currently this level of growth relatively low, further growth would still need to consider identified constraints. Currently this level of growth is is assessed as having likely minor adverse effects in its effects on the identified constraints. Currently this level assessed as having likely minor adverse effects in this this location. location.

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of growth is assessed as having likely minor adverse effects in this location. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham The roll forward of the core strategy allocates a large The lower level of growth allocated to Melksham is Focusing significantly more growth, both housing and level of housing growth to Melksham along with a small assessed as having likely minor adverse effects with employment, in Melksham that is proposed offers the employment allocation. Currently this is assessed as mitigation options to sustainably manage this level of opportunity to capitalise on the sustainable transport having likely moderate adverse effects with mitigation growth, against identified opportunities and constraints, options present in this settlement. This will need to be options to sustainably manage this level of growth, being unclear. balanced against exacerbating the current constraints against identified opportunities and constraints, being identified in this location. This focus for growth in unclear. Melksham is currently assessed as having likely moderate adverse effects due to the unknown extent to which mitigation will be established. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA A continuation of the current levels of growth in the rest A continuation of the current levels of growth in the rest of This option significantly increases levels of growth of HMA may place growth in locations with reduced HMA are proposed in CH-B, the same levels as proposed compared with CH-A and CH-B. access to sustainable modes of transport. For in the roll forward. When considering the rest HMA it is When considering the rural parts of the HMA it is development to mitigate this effect it would need to acknowledged that this growth may take place in locations acknowledged that this may take place in locations with improve the availability of sustainable transport with reduced access to sustainable modes of transport. reduced access to sustainable modes of transport. For provision and accessibility. For development to mitigate this effect it would need to development to mitigate this effect it would need to Given the extent to which this is possible remains improve the availability of sustainable transport provision improve the availability of sustainable transport provision unclear at this stage; this level of growth in the Rest of and accessibility. Given the extent to which this is possible and accessibility. HMA would distribute development amongst many remains unclear at this stage; this level of growth in the Given the extent to which this is possible remains unclear settlements over a wide area and therefore at this Rest of HMA would distribute development amongst many at this stage; this increased level of growth in the Rest of stage is assessed as having likely minor adverse settlements over a wide area and therefore at this stage is HMA is assessed as having likely moderate adverse effects against this objective. assessed as having likely minor adverse effects against effects against this objective. this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.7 The comparatively greater levels of development -1.3 Focuses growth primarily in Chippenham. Devizes is -1.6 Focuses significantly more growth in Melksham with a score for proposed in Devizes, Chippenham and Melksham and still allocated a moderate level of growth, but the proportionately high level of growth also in Devizes, this SA a comparatively large level of growth allocated to remaining settlements are all allocated proportionately similar to CH-B. Chippenham is allocated a similar level Calne, Corsham and Malmesbury lead to likely lower levels of growth. Given the uncertainty surrounding of growth to CH-A. objective moderate adverse effects in most settlements. the availability of mitigation measures to minimise Given the uncertainty surrounding the availability of Given the uncertainty surrounding the availability of negative effects on constraints and provide enhancements mitigation measures to minimise negative effects on mitigation measures to minimise negative effects on in sustainable transport provision at this stage, namely in constraints and provide enhancements in sustainable constraints and provide enhancements in sustainable Chippenham, this strategy is assessed as having likely transport provision at this stage, namely in Melksham, transport provision in the settlements identified for the minor adverse effects against this objective. Devizes and Chippenham, this strategy is assessed as focus of growth, at this stage this strategy is assessed having likely moderate adverse effects against this as having likely moderate adverse effects against this objective. objective. Conclusions/Recommendations:

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The assessment of the three strategies has found that CH-B is likely to have minor adverse effects overall and is the more sustainable option. With Chippenham being the main focus for growth, strategy CH-B proposes comparatively less growth in the other main settlements which means that only minor effects are likely. This enhanced level of growth at Chippenham must be accompanied by transport infrastructure that is effective in reducing issues on the current network whilst providing significant and effective alternatives to the private car to encourage more sustainable forms of transport.

Strategies CH-A and CH-C scored similarly, but CH-A is likely to have greater adverse effects overall and is the least sustainable option.

Transport issues within the Chippenham HMA are largely focussed on trying to maximise the use and availability of sustainable modes of transport along with managing levels of congestion on strategic routes and in town centres. In the case of Melksham and Chippenham this is largely centred around the A350. This can impact upon private and public transport, as well as impacting the strategic role of key routes running through each location. Overall, the level of growth proposed across the strategies is considered likely to increase traffic levels generally, and the impact of this must be taken into consideration when considering options moving forward.

Chippenham benefits from good strategic transport links along with access to a wide range of sustainable transport services including a railway and bus station. While it is beneficial to locate development in such locations, the significance of effect for all strategies is reflective of the level of risk that comes with this level of growth in a town that has been identified as suffering from peak time congestion on some key strategic routes along with the town centre.

Growth at Melksham varies across the strategies with CH-A and CH-C seeing the largest levels of identified growth. Melksham is located on the A350 primary route which passes through the town centre which, in combination with the A365 and A3102, can cause delays on the current road layout. This congestion can impact on both private and public transport provision. Melksham does also offer the opportunity of rail travel as a sustainable travel option. It should be acknowledged that the lower levels of growth identified in CH-B may preclude the possibility of highway improvement measures that can sometimes come with greater levels of growth. Similarly, while the impacts of the relatively higher levels of growth identified in CH-A and CH-B have been identified as moderate, this is associated with the risk that comes with this level of development to a town struggling with congestion on a primary route. This uncertainty reflects that the assessment is likely to change once further detail emerges around the sustainability of development in transport terms and the mitigation possible that can vary in different locations with differing levels of development.

Significant new highway infrastructure may be necessary to enable higher levels of grow to take place in the identified settlements to varying extents depending on the exact scale and location of growth.

Mixed-use development proposals are recommended as this will help increase self-containment and reduce need to travel.

More detailed transport assessments may be necessary to understand in detail the impact of certain levels of development on settlements and communities to understand the impacts and possible mitigation measures that can be put in place to improve congestion hot spots and sustainable transport provision.

It is considered key to locate development at locations that make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure and can facilitate advancements in the use of sustainable transport. Therefore, favourable locations should be in well-connected areas that benefit from good accessibility to a wide range of sustainable transport options, or in locations that can facilitate improvements in such factors.

Development should contribute to improving sustainable transport networks; this includes linking town centres with development sites as well as linking settlements together. Development proposals should carefully consider schemes to significantly reduce private car use. Strong investment may be required to improve public transport services and safe walking/cycling links, particularly within the town centres.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)? The relationship of new development to town centres, and their immediate and wider rural context, is complex and will also rely on trade from retail and non-retail businesses. Additional growth will inevitably contribute, to some extent, to the vitality and viability of town centres. At this stage, in the absence of specific site options to consider, the proximity of future housing and employment development to the town centres cannot be determined and therefore will not be considered as part of this high-level assessment but will be assessed at later stages.

DAQ 2: Provide a variety of employment land to meet all needs, including those for higher skilled employment uses that are (or can be made) easily accessible by sustainable transport? The Local Plan Review is at an early stage of preparation and, consequently, details of the distribution and range of employment uses that will be provided is not known. Therefore, for this high- level stage of appraisal it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options against this objective. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of employment land and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

DAQ 3: Contribute to the provision of infrastructure that will help to promote economic growth? The provision of housing and employment will require sufficient infrastructure to be in place to ensure that it is acceptable. This will largely be achieved through s106 contributions for those directly related to the development. CIL funds and grant funding will ensure the provision of strategic infrastructure. The quantum of homes and employment land to be delivered is the same for each of the strategies and therefore should result in the contributions towards infrastructure on a similar scale, albeit applicable to specific areas. The provision of infrastructure will need to be considered and tested further at the site options stage.

DAQ 4: Promote a balance between residential and employment development to help reduce travel distances to work? Wiltshire has large flows of commuters into and out of the county, with an overall net outflow of commuters. The majority of movement is to and from Swindon and Bath & North-East Somerset. 56% of people travel to work by car, 13% by foot and 5% by public transport. Self-containment in Wiltshire is 63%, compared to 74% in Swindon.

The extent that strategies can promote a balance between residential and employment development will, in part, depend on the existing provision in terms of housing stock and employment uses, the relationship between them, and the relationship/connectivity of a settlement with other parts of the HMA/FEMA (which themselves are strongly influenced by travel to work areas) and adjacent areas. The provision of employment development in isolation could, for example, be more likely to lead to an increase in travel distances but not necessarily if it was located in an area of relatively higher rates of unemployment. The same might apply in areas where employment vacancies are high or jobs are expected to increase. This will, however, depend on the extent that the skills base of the unemployed in the local area match that provided by any new employers.

At Chippenham total jobs are up slightly since 2009. There is a high concentration of Public Administration & Defence jobs. Recent investments include ongoing expansion by Good Energy at Monkton Park, a new purpose-built HQ for Woods/Valldata on the last undeveloped site on the Bumpers Farm Estate, Expolink’s move to a larger building at Greenways, Wincanton’s occupancy of the former Herman Miller facility, and Wavin Group’s major factory and stockyard expansion. There is virtually full occupancy of sites/premises, and businesses report a shortage of availability. Chippenham has low levels of unemployment. The SWLEP Strategic Economic Plan (SEP) identified that the A350 Growth Zone recorded the highest growth in employees amongst all growth zones in 2012-14 (27.4%). There is a very limited supply of existing employment sites and premises available for immediate take up in Chippenham and a lack of affordable sites for development. 19ha of greenfield employment land (to accommodate 50,000m2 floorspace) has recently been permitted south west of Chippenham but is yet to be implemented.

Page | 39 this has not been through the planning process. There is low levels of unemployment and below average town centre shop vacancy rates in the town. There are currently limited alternative employment sites available for businesses to locate or existing businesses to expand. The remaining allocated employment site of 1ha in size is currently in use as a garden centre.

At Calne total employment has stagnated since 2009. There is a high concentration of Manufacturing jobs. Deceuninck has reopened its 110,000 sq ft warehouse facility at Porte Marsh Industrial Estate to support production growth at its Stanier Road factory. Calne has low levels of unemployment and below average town centre shop vacancy rates. The town has limited capacity for additional retail growth. Part of Beaversbrook employment allocation has been permitted for residential use, resulting in a reduction in available greenfield employment opportunities.

At Corsham, total employment has stagnated since 2009. There is a high concentration of employment in the Real Estate, and Information & Communication sectors. ICT presence is reflected in the JSF. Corsham Science Park continues to grow with Bath ASU completing a new purpose built manufacturing and R&D facility, two further buildings have been completed, and a third phase of flexible business units is planned to meet expected market demand. Ark Data Centres have continued to expand their large scale data facilities at Spring Park. The town has low levels of unemployment and below average town centre shop vacancy rates. There are no outstanding employment allocations at the town although there is continued potential for the release of former MoD land to the west.

At Devizes total employment has steadily declined since 2009. There is a high concentration of employment in the Public Administration & Defence, Manufacturing, and Construction sectors. The potential for the Manufacturing sector also highlighted in the JSF. Recent larger investments at Hopton Road Trading Estate have included a new-build second production facility for MSA Latchways, Cross Manufacturing taking a second production building, and ongoing production expansion at Haydens Bakeries. There are low levels of unemployment and below average town centre shop vacancy rates. There is an 8.4ha greenfield employment allocation at Horton Road yet to be developed.

At Melksham total jobs have grown steadily since 2009. There is a high concentration of jobs in Manufacturing. The business profile in the JSF reflects the strength of the Manufacturing sector. Recent major investments at Bowerhill include the consolidation of Herman Miller’s UK manufacturing at its 170,000 sq ft purpose-built Portal Mill facility, and further warehousing/office expansion by Gompels Healthcare; and developments at Hampton Park West including the JLR dealership and hotel and food outlets. Wiltshire Air Ambulance are also constructing and equipping their new airbase located to the south of Hampton Business Park. Melksham has low levels of unemployment and below average town centre shop vacancy rates. Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Community)

Calne Under this strategy 5ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 2ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land would be allocated at Calne. This would provide capacity would be allocated at Calne, lower than for Strategy CH- would be allocated at Calne. The lack of additional for employment at the town to increase, which could A but higher than Strategy CH-C. employment land could result in an imbalance with the potentially result in reducing travel to work distances, The housing to be allocated under this strategy is, number of homes delivered in recent years and to be taking into account the number of homes delivered at the however, lower than for both the alternative development delivered against this strategy (which is not substantially town in recent years and the stagnation of employment strategies, but will help to support local businesses, the different from strategy CH-B). growth over the same period. town centre and provide an increased supply of local However, the housing provision will still have benefits by The higher level of housing proposed will also help to labour. helping to support local businesses, the town centre and support local businesses, the town centre and provide an Taking into account the relatively high numbers of providing an increased supply of local labour increased supply of local labour. housing delivered in recent years and the stagnation of For this reason, it is predicted that CH-C would result in For this reason, it is assessed that the strategy would employment over the same period, this strategy is likely minor positive effects for the town. have likely moderate positive effects for the town. therefore predicted to have a minor positive effect overall and compared to Strategies CH-A and CH-C. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Chippenham Under this strategy, no additional employment land would Under this strategy, 7ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land be required at Chippenham. The current strategy for would be allocated to Chippenham. This scenario, in would be allocated at Chippenham. However, there would Chippenham is based on delivering significant job growth combination with the additional homes also being still be a relatively high level of additional employment land

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at the town. Given the supply of outstanding and existing allocated would be likely to result in significant positive provided for the town from existing commitments and this commitments, rolling forward the current strategy without effects at the town. level of housing proposed will also help to support local further allocation of employment land is considered The combination of 7ha employment land and a businesses, the town centre and provide an increased unlikely to lead to an imbalance with the additional significantly increased level of housing will help to supply of local labour. growth in housing. support local businesses, the town centre and provide a The significant level of housing proposed will also help to significantly increased supply of local labour. For these reasons a minor positive effect is predicted, the support local businesses, the town centre and provide an Strategy CH-B is considered likely to have major positive same as strategy A, but would be likely to result in a increased supply of local labour. effects compared to strategies CH-A and CH-C. negative effect compared to Strategy B. Overall, a minor positive effect is predicted. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: minor positive Corsham At Corsham 2ha of additional employment land and an Under this strategy no additional employment land would Under this strategy 4ha of additional employment land additional 1,740 homes would be allocated at the town. be allocated at Corsham (there are also no outstanding would be allocated at Corsham. Under this strategy an Employment has stagnated during recent years whilst employment allocations at the town) and a lower amount additional 1,365 homes (similar to Strategy B) would be delivery of homes has been relatively high over the same of additional homes would be allocated which, in allocated. period. combination with existing commitments for homes, is The level of housing proposed will help to support local The level of housing proposed will help to support local predicted to have likely minor positive effects for the businesses, the town centre and provide an increased businesses, the town centre and provide an increased town. supply of local labour. supply of local labour. The level of housing proposed will help to support local This strategy would allow the potential for employment to The allocation of additional employment land in businesses, the town centre and provide an increased increase, more in balance with housing growth, and combination with the significant additional housing, would supply of local labour. therefore result in moderate positive effects overall. therefore be likely to lead to moderate positive effects on this objective. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Devizes Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land would be allocated to Devizes. However, 8.4ha would be allocated at the Devizes. However, 8.4ha would be allocated at the Devizes. However, 8.4ha greenfield employment allocated at Horton Road is yet to greenfield employment allocated at Horton Road is yet to greenfield employment allocated at Horton Road is yet to be developed. be developed. be developed. The significant level of housing proposed will help to The lower level of housing proposed will help to support This level of housing proposed, similar to CH-B, will help support local businesses, the town centre and provide an local businesses, the town centre and provide an to support local businesses, the town centre and provide increased supply of local labour. increased supply of local labour. an increased supply of local labour. A continuation of the existing strategy with the allocation This strategy is likely to result in minor positive effects. This strategy is likely to result in minor positive effects of significant additional homes is therefore likely to result in minor positive effects. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Malmesbury Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land would be allocated at Malmesbury. The employment land would be allocated to Malmesbury. This is the same as would be allocated to Malmesbury. This is the same as for available for new and expanding businesses would be for Strategies CH-A and CH-C. The employment land Strategies CH-A and CH-B. The employment land limited but this would be consistent with constraints and available for new and expanding businesses would be available for new and expanding businesses would be the relatively low level of additional homes being limited but this would be consistent with constraints and limited but this would be consistent with constraints and proposed for the town. There is scope for Dyson to the relatively low level of additional homes being the relatively low level of additional homes being proposed continue to expand but this could put an overreliance on proposed for the town. There is scope for Dyson to for the town. There is scope for Dyson to continue to

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a single key business for the plan aspirations to be continue to expand but this could put an overreliance on expand but this could put an overreliance on a single key realised. a single key business for the plan aspirations to be business for the plan aspirations to be realised. This level of housing proposed will also help to support realised. The level of housing proposed will also help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide an The level of housing proposed will also help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. Consequently, this strategy is likely to result in minor increased supply of local labour. Consequently, this strategy is also likely to result in minor positive effects. Consequently, this strategy is also likely to result in positive effects. minor positive effects. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Melksham Under this strategy 2ha of additional employment land Under this strategy no additional employment land would Under this strategy 5ha of additional employment land would be allocated at Melksham. Employment has be allocated at Melksham and there is a lower provision would be allocated at Melksham and a significant increase increased since 2009 and Hampton Park is largely built for new homes. in housing. Employment has increased since 2009 and out so additional employment land would be likely to Employment has increased since 2009 and Hampton Hampton Park is largely built out so additional have a positive effect, particularly given the strong links Park is largely built out so additional employment land employment land would be a positive, particularly given with the A350 transport corridor. However, whether this would be likely to have a positive effect, particularly the strong links with the A350 transport corridor. However, would be sufficient to balance the growth of the given the strong links with the A350 transport corridor. as with Strategy CH-A, whether this would be sufficient to significant number of new homes proposed or meet This increase in employment seen in recent years may balance the growth of new homes or meet demand from demand from interested businesses is unclear. slow, however, depending on scope for expansion within interested businesses is unclear. This level of housing proposed will also help to support existing businesses. This significant level of housing proposed will also strongly local businesses, the town centre and provide an This level of housing proposed will help to support local support local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. businesses, the town centre and provide an increased increased supply of local labour. It is considered that this strategy would have likely minor supply of local labour. It is considered that this strategy would have moderate positive effects – benefits would be greater if the level of It is considered that this strategy would have likely minor positive effects. This would be more positive compared to employment proposed was higher. positive effects – benefits would be greater if the level of Strategy CH-A and Strategy CH-B. employment proposed was higher. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of HMA Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy no employment land would be allocated for the Rest of the HMA. This would mean a allocated for the Rest of the HMA. This would mean a allocated for the Rest of the HMA. This would mean a continuation of the existing provision of employment land continuation of the existing provision of employment land continuation of the existing provision of employment land to meet local needs. to meet local needs. to meet local needs. The level of housing proposed is likely to help to support The level of housing proposed is likely to help to support The level of housing proposed is likely to help to support local businesses, rural services and facilities and provide local businesses, rural services and facilities and provide local businesses, rural services and facilities and provide an increased supply of local labour. an increased supply of local labour. an increased supply of local labour. It is therefore likely that Strategy CH-A would have minor It is therefore likely that Strategy CH-B would have minor It is therefore likely that Strategy CH-C would have minor positive effects. positive effects. positive effects. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.3 Overall, taking into account the assessment across 1.3 Overall, taking into account the assessment across 1.3 Overall, taking into account the assessment across all score for all settlements/areas, minor positive effects are all settlements/areas, minor positive effects are settlements/areas, minor positive effects are considered this SA considered likely for this strategy. considered likely for this strategy. likely for this strategy. objective

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Conclusions/Recommendations:

This assessment has considered both proposed employment and housing levels in assessing whether strategies will encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth.

Overall, all strategies score equally well, with minor positive effects overall, and it has not been possible to assess any one strategy as the more sustainable option. Significant benefits overall are not considered likely for any strategy.

Outstanding commitments in the Chippenham HMA are considered capable of meeting a significant proportion of the need for additional employment land to 2036. Consequently, the differences in the effects of the three strategic options for the distribution of the residual employment land requirement are limited by the relatively small scale of development under consideration. A key consideration has been the aspiration to reduce travel to work distances and achieve a balance between employment and housing growth.

Future employment growth at Devizes, Calne and Corsham should be balanced, commensurate with housing development. Loss of employment land in these areas should be resisted.

The level of housing proposed has also played a part in the assessment because higher levels of housing, whilst it may contribute to out-commuting if there is insufficient local employment opportunities, is also likely to help to support local businesses, town centres and rural services and facilities and provide an increased supply of local labour.

Retention of existing and allocated employment land is often challenging to manage. Consider inclusion of policies that safeguard against incompatible uses or unnecessary loss of employment sites but also set out criteria against which, in exceptional cases, an existing site or allocation that is clearly and demonstrably no longer suitable for employment development can be de-allocated or developed for an alternative use.

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Annex I - Chippenham Housing Market Area (HMA) - Assessment of Alternative Development Strategies (Standard Method)

Option CH-A - Rolling forward the Core Strategy includes employment land at Calne, Corsham and Melksham

Option CH-B - Chippenham expanded community - Melksham and the more constrained settlements of Calne, Corsham, Devizes and Malmesbury all continue at WCS rates i.e. no change and continuation; and Chippenham receives the balance 8,335 homes). Includes employment at Calne and Chippenham

Option CH-C - Melksham Focus (3,370) - albeit Chippenham still significant (5,915) and higher growth in rest of HMA. Growth is diverted from more constrained places (Calne, Corsham, Devizes and Malmesbury) and includes employment at Chippenham and Melksham

Proposed distribution of housing requirement – Chippenham HMA Settlement Option CH-A Option CH-B Option CH-C Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment (ha) (ha) (ha) Calne 1750 5 1230 2 1375 0 Chippenham 5495 0 8335 7 5915 0 Corsham 1485 2 1040 0 1165 4 Devizes 2450 0 1715 0 1920 0 Malmesbury 1075 0 755 0 845 0 Melksham 2730 2 1910 0 3370 5 Rest of HMA 2425 0 2425 0 2815 0 TOTAL 17410 9 17410 9 17410 9

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Avoid potential negative impacts of development on designated wildlife sites, protected species and priority species and habitats (international, national, local) and enhance these where possible? While Calne has no legislative ecological constraints of statutory designations adjacent or nearby, there are a number of non-statutory designations. Furthermore, the settlement is a hotspot for the protected great crested newt, and the woodlands surrounding Bowood may provide an important habitat for Annex II bats. If further assessment confirms this, development should avoid these woodland areas, as well as the restored mineral and waste sites to the east which provide a function for wildlife.

Corsham lies partially within the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC core sustenance area, with Box Mine SSSI a component of this. As well as these statutory designations, there are several CWS designations which provide some ancient woodland habitat for Annex II bat species. The railway line and parkland also provide habitat connectivity for Annex II bat species. Development in the particularly sensitive areas, such as the area to the west of Corsham between Rudloe, are likely to lead to significant pressure on Annex II bat species which would not be possible to mitigate successfully. Furthermore, lighting caused by additional infrastructure in Corsham is likely to lead to adverse effects to Annex II bat species.

While there are no legislative ecological constraints of statutory designations adjacent to or nearby Melksham, there are several non-statutory ecological designations including the Bristol Avon CWS and Conigre Mead WWT. Furthermore, the settlement contains the habitats of protected species including great crested newts to the south of Bowerhill and east of Melksham, and otters and water voles associated with the watercourses of Bristol Avon, Clackers Brook and Semington Brook. These watercourses also act as key primary connective habitats.

There are several CWS designations in Malmesbury, as well as the statutory designation of Conigre Mead LNR to the east of the settlement. The River Avon also acts as a hotspot for the protected species of crayfish, otters and water vole, and acts as the main connective corridor.

Some areas in the Rest of the HMA are designated SSSIs, lie within the buffers of SACs, or contain important habitats including ancient woodland.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area

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Calne There are few ecological constraints at Calne, however This option proposes a level of growth that is This option proposes a level of growth that is considerably there are uncertainties regarding likely effects on considerably lower than CH-A. Additionally, there are few lower than CH-A and slightly higher than CH-B. Likely biodiversity overall, it is likely that rolling forward the ecological constraints at Calne. Therefore, it is likely that effects will be similar as CH-B. Additionally, there are few Core Strategy would lead to a minor adverse effect at there will be a minor adverse effect. ecological constraints at Calne. Therefore, it is likely that Calne. there will be a minor adverse effect. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Chippenham Rolling forward the Core Strategy proposes a low level CH-B proposes a higher level of growth at Chippenham CH-C proposes a similar level of growth to the roll forward. of growth for Chippenham. Due to biodiversity than rolling forward the Core Strategy. On this basis and Therefore, it is likely that there would a moderate adverse constraints and the need to consider cumulative effects taking account of constraints, it is likely that there would effect as a result of this strategy at Chippenham. of development on biodiversity designations, it is likely be a moderate adverse effect. that there would be a moderate adverse effect. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Corsham The settlement is highly constrained with regards to Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of growth when Strategy CH-C proposes a lower level of growth when Annex II bat species. Rolling forward the Core Strategy compared to the roll forward, but the settlement is highly compared to the roll forward, but the settlement is highly would therefore lead to a moderate adverse effect. constrained with regards to Annex II bat species. This constrained with regards to Annex II bat species. strategy would lead to a moderate adverse effect. Therefore, a moderate adverse effect is likely at Corsham. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Devizes The Core Strategy Continued proposes a high level of As this strategy proposes a lower growth option than the Due to levels of growth at Devizes in this strategy being growth for Devizes, it is likely that there would be Core Strategy Continued at Devizes, minor adverse more or less commensurate with Core Strategy Continued, moderate adverse effects due to biodiversity effects are anticipated due to biodiversity constraints, it is likely that there would be minor adverse effects due to constraints identified, including Annex II bat species including Annex II bat species and their habitats. biodiversity constraints, including Annex II bat species and and their habitats. their habitats.

Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Malmesbury Core Strategy Continued proposes a moderate level of As CH-B proposes a lower level of growth at Malmesbury This strategy proposes a level of growth at Malmesbury growth for Malmesbury. As a result, due to potential compared to Core Strategy Continued, and the lowest more or less commensurate with Core Strategy Continued. impacts on Conigre Mead, CWSs and the River Avon, level of all alternatives, it is anticipated that the proposed As a result, due to potential impacts on Conigre Mead, a minor adverse effect is likely. growth quantum might be accommodated without CWSs and the River Avon, a minor adverse effect is likely. negatively impacting these areas of sensitive biodiversity. Overall, a minor adverse effect is deemed likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham While this strategy proposes a moderate level of As CH-B proposes a lower level of growth at Melksham This strategy proposes a higher level of growth at growth to Melksham, there are no ecological compared to Core Strategy Continued, it is anticipated Melksham compared to Core Strategy Continue, however designations adjacent or nearby to the town. Overall, that development could avoid areas of ecological when taking account of the level of growth proposed and while it is anticipated that development could avoid sensitivity. Overall, this option is likely to have a minor the few ecological designations, minor adverse effects are areas of ecological sensitivity, this option is likely to adverse effect on biodiversity in the Melksham area. considered likely. have a minor adverse effect. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Due to the broad geographical area covered by Rest of Due to the broad geographical area covered by Rest of Due to the broad geographical area covered by Rest of HMA, it may be possible for development to avoid HMA, it may be possible for development to avoid areas HMA, it may be possible for development to avoid areas of

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areas of biodiversity sensitivity. However as at this of biodiversity sensitivity. However as at this stage no biodiversity sensitivity. However as at this stage no sites stage no sites have been identified, minor adverse sites have been identified, minor adverse effects on this have been identified, minor adverse effects on this effects on this objective are deemed likely. objective are deemed likely. objective are deemed likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.4 CH-A is likely to lead to minor adverse effects -1.3 CH-B is likely to lead to minor adverse effects due -1.3 CH-C is likely to lead to minor adverse effects due to score for due to the potential impact of additional development to the potential impact of additional development on the potential impact of additional development on Annex II this SA on Annex II bat species in the settlements of Calne, Annex II bat species in the settlements of Calne, bat species in the settlements of Calne, Corsham and Corsham and Devizes. Corsham and Devizes, as well as the high level of growth Devizes, as well as the high level of growth proposed in objective proposed in Chippenham. Melksham. Conclusions/Recommendations:

When comparing strategies CH-B and CH-C to the roll forward, similar minor effects are anticipated. However, moderate effects are likely at Chippenham and Devizes through CH-B alongside a higher level of growth and at Corsham, Devizes and Melksham through CH-C.

Strategy CH-C is the most sustainable strategy as it is likely to have fewer adverse effects than the other strategies.

Strategies CH-A and CH-B score equally and are the least sustainable strategies as they are likely to have greater adverse effects.

Biodiversity issues in the Chippenham HMA are mainly focussed around protecting Annex II bat species due to the internationally designated Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC/SSSI. There are also a number of local biodiversity designations (LNR/CWS/SSSI) at all of the settlements assessed and in the rest of the HMA area which have the potential to be adversely affected by development.

As Corsham lies within the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC/SSSI, the settlement is considered to be the most at risk of any impacts on biodiversity as any additional growth, without appropriate mitigation, poses a risk to biodiversity. As a result, moderate adverse effects are likely in the settlement across all strategies.

All strategies within this option are considered to have a minor adverse effect on the HMA as a whole. CH-A rolling forward the current strategy is likely to have a more severe effect at Corsham and Devizes than at other settlements in the HMA, although minor adverse effects are likely across the HMA with relation to biodiversity.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Ensure efficient use of land? The design of specific developments will involve setting appropriate housing densities for development will be part of the planning process at a later stage. At this stage of the process, it is not possible to comment on the design and density of developments.

DAQ 2: Lead to the reuse of Previously Developed Land where possible/appropriate? There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land.

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Currently 4 sites have been determined as contaminated land and remediated. The remediation of contaminated land will be principally addressed through the planning process where former sites change their use.

Malmesbury is surrounded by mainly Grade 3 agricultural land with some patches of Grade 4.

Calne is surrounded almost entirely by Grade 3 agricultural land, with a small area of Grade 4 to the west and some small areas of Grade 2 to the south east and north west.

Corsham is surrounded entirely by Grade 3 agricultural land, with a patch of Grade 2 land to the south.

Devizes is the most constrained settlement in the HMA with regards to the proportion of BMV agricultural land surrounding the urban area. While there are areas of Grade 3 land, there is also an equal proportion of Grade 1 and Grade 2 land.

While Melksham has some patches of Grade 1 and Grade 2 agricultural land surrounding the settlement, the majority is Grade 3 with some patches of Grade 4.

While the majority of the Rest of the HMA is Grade 3, the south of the HMA contains a large proportion of Grade 1 and 2 land.

The area surrounding Calne to the western side and the eastern side is a designated Mineral Resource Block and MSA.

An MSA surrounds Corsham apart from the east which also covers some of the built-up area of Corsham.

There is an MSA extending from the north west of Melksham to the south west, which includes some of the north west built up area of Melksham.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne Due to low levels of PDL across the HMA it is likely that Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of growth when Strategy CH-C proposes a lower level of growth when growth at Calne would lead to the loss of greenfield compared to the WCS roll forward. There are more compared to the WCS roll forward. There are more land. There is BMV land situated around the settlement opportunities to direct development away from BMV opportunities to direct development away from BMV and therefore development would need to avoid areas agricultural land and MSAs as a result. It is likely that agricultural land and MSAs as a result. It is likely that there of BMV agricultural land and MSAs. As rolling forward there will be a minor adverse effect. will be a minor adverse effect. the Core strategy proposes a low level of growth and

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both BMV agricultural land and MSAs are apparent at Calne, it is likely that there would be a minor adverse effect. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Chippenham Due to low levels of PDL across the HMA it is likely that CH-B proposes a higher level of growth when compared Strategy CH-C proposes a similar, but higher level of growth at Chippenham would lead to the loss of to rolling forward the Core Strategy. Opportunities to growth at Chippenham when compared to CH-A. As a greenfield land. Rolling forward the Core Strategy direct development away from BMV agricultural land and result, a moderate adverse effect is considered likely. would lead to high level of growth at a settlement MSAs will be lessened as a result of this strategy. It is where BMV agricultural land and MSAs are apparent. likely that there would be a moderate adverse effect. As these are not vast, there are opportunities to direct development away from these and a moderate adverse effect on this objective is considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse

Corsham Due to low levels of PDL across the HMA it is likely that Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of growth when Strategy CH-C proposes a lower level of growth when growth at Corsham would lead to the loss of greenfield compared to the roll forward of the Core Strategy. There compared to the roll forward of the Core Strategy. There land. Corsham is subject to a small amount of BMV would be more opportunities to direct development away would be more opportunities to direct development away agricultural land and a large MSA. As rolling forward from the BMV agricultural land and MSAs. As BMV from the BMV agricultural land and MSAs. As BMV the Core Strategy proposes a moderate level of growth, agricultural land and MSAs remain apparent, it is likely agricultural land and MSAs remain apparent, it is likely that a minor adverse effect is likely. that there will be a minor adverse effect. there will be a minor adverse effect. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Devizes Due to low levels of PDL across the HMA it is likely that Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of growth and is Strategy CH-C proposes a level of growth lower than the growth at Devizes would lead to the loss of greenfield more capable of directing development away from BMV Core Strategy roll forward and is more capable of directing land, however Devizes does have some capacity for agricultural land. As Devizes is subject to vast amount of development away from BMV agricultural land. As Devizes PDL. This town is the most constrained with relation to BMV agricultural land, it is likely that there would be a is subject to vast amount of BMV agricultural land, it is BMV agricultural land but is not subject to any MSAs. moderate adverse effect. likely that there would be a moderate adverse effect. The roll forward is likely to lead a moderate adverse effect. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Malmesbury Due to low levels of PDL across the HMA it is likely that Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of growth. Although Strategy CH-C proposes a lower level of growth. Although growth at Malmesbury would lead to the loss of uncertainties relating to BMV agricultural land remain, this uncertainties relating to BMV agricultural land remain, this greenfield land. While Malmesbury is surrounded by strategy would be capable of directing development away strategy would be capable of directing development away Grade 3 agricultural land, it is unclear how much of falls from BMV agricultural land. It is likely that this strategy from BMV agricultural land. It is likely that this strategy into category 3a. The roll forward proposes a moderate would have a minor adverse effect. would have a minor adverse effect. level of growth and despite uncertainties regarding BMV agricultural land, the roll forward of the Core Strategy is likely to lead to a minor adverse effect.

Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Melksham Due to low levels of PDL across the HMA it is likely that Strategy proposes a lower level of growth when This strategy proposes a higher level of growth at growth at Melksham would lead to the loss of compared to the roll forward. This strategy would be more Melksham than the other strategy options. This quantum of greenfield land. Some BMV agricultural land and MSA capable of directing growth away from BMV agricultural growth would make it more difficult to direct development

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are situated on the edge of the settlement. Further land and the MSA. It is likely that there would be a minor away from BMV agricultural land and MSAs. It is likely that investigation is required with relation to Grade 3 adverse effect. there would be a minor adverse effect. agricultural land. The roll forward proposes a moderate level of growth for the settlement, which increases upon the quantum allocated by the WCS. It is likely that there would be a minor adverse effect. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Rest of HMA Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is possible possible for development to avoid areas of BMV land. possible for development to avoid areas of BMV land. for development to avoid areas of BMV and minerals However, as the majority of the Rest of the HMA is However, as the majority of the Rest of the HMA is safeguarded land. However, as the majority of the Rest of classified as Grade 3 land, further assessment would classified as Grade 3 land, further assessment would be the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, further assessment be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade would be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. Regardless, Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. This Regardless, due to the likely loss of greenfield land, due to the likely loss of greenfield land, minor adverse option proposes a higher level of growth than CH-A and minor adverse effects are likely. effects are likely. This strategy proposes an equivalent CH-B and as a result, this strategy is likely to have level to rolling forward the current strategy and would moderate adverse effects. therefore a similar effect would be likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.3 Due to the levels of growth proposed in Devizes -1.3 Due to the levels of growth proposed in Chippenham -1.4 Due to the levels of growth proposed in Devizes and score for and Melksham which have more BMV land surrounding which have BMV land surrounding them, this strategy Melksham which have BMV land surrounding them, this this SA them, there is a risk of the loss of BMV land. Therefore, poses a risk of a large amount of loss of BMV land. strategy poses a risk of a large amount of loss of BMV this strategy is likely to have a minor adverse impact Therefore, this strategy is likely to have a minor adverse land. Therefore, this strategy is likely to have a minor objective on SA Objective 2. impact on SA Objective 2. adverse impact on SA Objective 2. Conclusions/Recommendations: All strategies score very similarly and are likely to have minor adverse effects overall. However, Strategy CH-B is considered the most sustainable option against this objective as it will have fewer adverse effects than the other strategies.

Strategy CH-A is considered the least sustainable option against this objective as it will have greater adverse effects than the other strategies. This strategy is more likely to lead to moderate adverse effects across the HMA. Additionally, CH-A proposes the highest level of growth across the smaller settlements of Corsham, Calne and Melksham.

Moderate adverse effects are considered likely at Chippenham and Melksham, respectively and through these options as mitigation is more problematic due to the high level of housing proposed at the two settlements. However, effects can be avoided by directing growth away from BMV agricultural land and MSAs where possible, additionally mitigation opportunities may emerge as more detail assessment is carried out.

Uncertainties also exist regarding the potential for mineral resources to be lost and the potential for remediation of contaminated land.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner.

Devizes is not affected by any water resource protection area, but Source Protection Zones 1 (Inner Protection Zone), 2 (Outer Protection Zone) and 3 (Total Catchment) are positioned to the north east of the settlement boundary.

Corsham is encompassed by Source Protection Zones 2 (Outer Protection Zone) and 3 (Total Catchment). Some areas of Zone 1 (Inner Protection Zone) are apparent to the east and south east of the settlement. A Drinking Water Protection Area (Groundwater) is positioned to the south of the settlement boundary, beyond Neston.

Chippenham is the largest settlement within this HMA and it is covered in its entirety by Source Protection Zones 2 (Outer Protection Zone) and 2c (Subsurface Activity). These extend beyond the settlement to the west, north and east.

Calne and its surrounds are not affected by any water resource protection zones. Source Protection Zones 1 (Inner Protection Zone), 2 (Outer Protection Zone), 2c (Subsurface Activity) and 3 (Total Catchment) are situated to the south east beyond Quemerford, however.

DAQ 2: Direct development to sites where adequate water supply, foul drainage, sewage treatment facilities and surface water drainage is available? At Malmesbury, Wessex Water have identified a need to invest in water network assets to improve capacity between 2025 and 2036. There is a moderate probability that the roll forward would require construction works to accommodate development.

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Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne Rolling forward the Core strategy would result in a low Strategy CH-B proposes a lower quantum of growth for Strategy CH-C proposes a lower quantum of growth for level of growth at Calne. However, there is limited Calne. Despite this, a need to invest in the local water Calne. Despite this, a need to invest in the local water scope to invest in the local water network beyond 2025. network remains apparent. Therefore, it is likely that network remains apparent. Therefore, it is likely that there As there is a moderate probability that growth would there will be a minor adverse effect. will be a minor adverse effect. require new works a minor adverse effect is likely. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Chippenham A need to invest in the local water network has been Strategy CH-B significantly increased the level of growth Strategy CH-C proposes a similar level of growth at identified at Chippenham. Additionally, growth would proposed at Chippenham. Additional development would Chippenham when compared to CH-A. have to manage effects on water protection areas at create opportunities for investment into the local water It is likely that this level of development, particularly the settlement. network, but it would also increase the probability of considering Chippenham’s location within SPZ, will have It is likely that this level of development, particularly effects on water protection areas. moderate adverse effects against this objective. considering Chippenham’s location within SPZ, will It is likely that this level of development, particularly have moderate adverse effects against this objective. considering Chippenham’s location within SPZ, will have moderate adverse effects against this objective. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Corsham There are works planned at Corsham to improve the Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of growth at Strategy CH-C proposes a lower level of growth at local water network. However, the settlement is subject Corsham when compared to the roll forward. It is likely Corsham when compared to the roll forward. It is likely that to a large amount of water protection areas. Although that there would be a minor adverse effect. there would be a minor adverse effect. works are set to be undertaken to increase the capacity of the local water network, it is likely that further investment would be needed to manage the level of growth proposed by this strategy. Minor adverse effects are considered likely.

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Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Devizes There is a major probability that growth at Devizes Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of housing at Strategy CH-C proposes a lower level of housing at would require investment into the local water network. Devizes. As there is a need to invest in the local water Devizes. As there is a need to invest in the local water The edge of the settlement is not subject to water network, it is likely that growth would lead to a minor network, it is likely that growth would lead to a minor protection areas. It is likely that there would be a minor adverse effect. adverse effect. adverse effect. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Malmesbury There is a lack of future investment proposed for the Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of housing at Strategy CH-C proposes a lower level of housing at local water network in Malmesbury and growth at the Malmesbury. As there is a need to invest in the local Malmesbury. As there is a need to invest in the local water settlement could result in an effect on drinking water water network, it is likely that growth would lead to a network, it is likely that growth would lead to a minor resource zones. The roll forward proposes a moderate minor adverse effect. adverse effect. level of housing for Malmesbury. It is likely that there would be a moderate adverse effect. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Melksham Investment to increase capacity of the water network is This strategy proposes a lower level of growth when This strategy proposes a higher level of growth when very likely to be required at Melksham, however, compared to the roll forward of the Core Strategy. As the compared to the roll forward of the Core Strategy. As the expanding existing assets may be difficult. The roll need to investing the local water network remains, a need to investing the local water network remains, a minor forward proposes a moderate level of growth at minor adverse effect is likely. adverse effect is likely. Melksham. As a result, it is likely that there would be a minor adverse impact. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Rest of HMA Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system system and water protection zones, a minor adverse and water protection zones, a minor adverse effect is and water protection zones, a minor adverse effect is effect is considered likely. considered likely. This proposes the equivalent to the roll considered likely. This strategy proposes a slightly lower forward and therefore the degree of effect is likely to be level of growth than the roll forward and is therefore likely to similar. have a lesser effect. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Average -1.3 Due to uncertainties at this stage regarding the -1.1 Due to uncertainties at this stage regarding the -1.1 Due to uncertainties at this stage regarding the precise score for precise location of development and the potential for precise location of development and the potential for location of development and the potential for additional this SA additional investment in infrastructure, it is difficult to additional investment in infrastructure, it is difficult to investment in infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the assess the potential impact on water resources. assess the potential impact on water resources. As a potential impact on water resources. As a result, due to the objective However, due to the high level of water protection in result, due to the presence of Drinking Water Safeguard presence of Drinking Water Safeguard Areas and Source Malmesbury and the level of growth proposed there in Areas and Source Protection Zones and the potential for Protection Zones and the potential for strain on the water this strategy, a minor adverse effect on SA objective 3 strain on the water network, as well as opportunities for network, as well as opportunities for mitigation, across the is considered likely. mitigation, across the HMA, a minor adverse effect on HMA, a minor adverse effect on SA objective 3 is SA objective 3 is considered likely. considered likely. Conclusions/Recommendations: Strategies CH-B and CH-C are the most sustainable options against this HMA. Minor adverse effects are considered to be likely across the HMA for both of these options, particularly given that growth will enable investment opportunities where they are considered to be necessary, but in taking account of potential effects on water protection areas.

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CH-A is the least sustainable option, as moderate effects are likely at Malmesbury. This is the only location where moderate effects have been assessed across the HMA for this objective, due to the vast amount of water protection areas around the settlement and the need for future investment into the local water network suggests that achieving mitigation may be problematic.

Given the scale of growth at Chippenham, moderate adverse effects are likely for all strategies, with mitigation problematic but achievable.

The SA findings suggest that the levels of growth proposed would not lead to any ‘major’ adverse effects at any of the settlements which would mean that mitigation measures are not achievable.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise and, where possible, improve on unacceptable levels of noise, light pollution, odour, and vibration? At this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options with relation to noise, light pollution, odour and vibration. Although, any level of development is expected to have a degree of effect, it is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and therefore no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

Calne has a long standing AQMA for annual average exceedance of Nitrogen Dioxide. Levels are currently being monitored in 4 locations.

Melksham has been highlighted as a potential AQMA declaration location due to elevated levels of Nitrogen Dioxide. There are currently three diffusion tubes monitoring levels in Melksham.

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Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne Due to the occurrence of a declared AQMA it is likely This strategy proposes less growth when compared to the This strategy proposes less growth when compared to the that rolling forward the Core Strategy would lead to a roll forward. Effects would therefore be lessened, but roll forward. Effects would therefore be lessened, but there moderate adverse effect. there will also be less opportunity for mitigation. It is likely will also be less opportunity for mitigation. It is likely that that there will be a moderate adverse effect. there will be a moderate adverse effect. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Chippenham Chippenham has been highlighted as a settlement at Strategy CH-B proposes a higher level of growth and is Strategy CH-C proposes a similar level of growth to the roll risk of an AQMA declaration due to rising levels of therefore more likely to have an effect against this forward. Chippenham has been highlighted as a settlement Nitrogen Dioxide. The level of growth in this strategy is objective when compared to the roll. However, a higher at risk of an AQMA declaration due to rising levels of likely to have a range of adverse effects on scale of growth may create higher probability of mitigating Nitrogen Dioxide. The level of growth in this strategy is environmental pollution, including air quality, noise and effects. likely to have a range of adverse effects on environmental light pollution. pollution, including air quality, noise and light pollution. Moderate adverse effects considered likely. Moderate adverse effects considered likely. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Corsham A moderate level of growth is proposed for Corsham, This strategy proposes a lower level of growth for This strategy proposes a lower level of growth for where no AQMAs have been identified. Corsham is Corsham. While risks of creating air quality issues Corsham. While risks of creating air quality issues remain, lower risk with regards to air quality and is not remain, so do opportunities to mitigate the effects of so do opportunities to mitigate the effects of future highlighted as a location of immediate air quality future development. It is like that there would be a minor development. It is like that there would be a minor adverse concern. adverse effect. effect. Proposed levels of growth are lower in relative terms. Growth of this scale at Corsham is likely to have some adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution and this is likely to be minor adverse with mitigation considered to be achievable. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Devizes The WCS roll forward carries with it an increased risk This strategy proposes a lower level of growth for This strategy proposes a lower level of growth for Devizes. of deteriorating the air quality within an area already Devizes. While risks of creating air quality issues remain, While risks of creating air quality issues remain, so do identified as a concern. Given the required mitigation so do opportunities to mitigate the effects of future opportunities to mitigate the effects of future development. measures to improve air quality/ minimise impacts development. It is likely that there would be a moderate It is likely that there would be a moderate adverse effect. adverse effect.

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remaining unclear, it is likely that there would be a moderate adverse effect. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Malmesbury A moderate level of growth is proposed for This strategy proposes a lower level of growth for This strategy proposes a lower level of growth for Malmesbury, where no AQMAs have been identified. Malmesbury. While risks of creating air quality issues Malmesbury. While risks of creating air quality issues As growth at Malmesbury could create issues where remain, so do opportunities to mitigate the effects of remain, so do opportunities to mitigate the effects of future they are not currently apparent but could also include future development. It is likely that there would be a minor development. It is likely that there would be a minor approaches to minimise effects a minor adverse effect adverse effect. adverse effect. is considered likely. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Melksham Melksham is subject to monitoring and is a potential Strategy CH-B proposes a lower level of growth at Strategy CH-C proposes a higher level of growth when location for the declaration of an AQMA. The Core Melksham. In the face of opportunities to mitigate effects compared to the WCS roll forward. Due to the risk of an Strategy roll forward proposes a moderate quantum of and due to the risk of an AQMA declaration a moderate AQMA declaration and uncertainties with relation to growth at Melksham and would be likely to lead to a adverse effect is likely. mitigation, a moderate adverse effect is likely. moderate adverse effect. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Rest of HMA The level of development proposed in the rest of the The level of development proposed in the rest of the HMA The level of development proposed in the Rest of the HMA HMA is more likely to place development away from is more likely to place development away from many of is more likely to place development away from many of the many of the county’s existing AQMAs and therefore is the county’s existing AQMA and therefore is less likely to county’s existing AQMA and therefore is less likely to have less likely to have a moderate adverse impact upon have a moderate adverse impact upon any existing a moderate adverse impact upon any existing AQMA. Due any existing AQMA. Due to the dispersed nature of AQMA. Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of public facilities and the lack of public transport provision in lack of public transport provision in certain areas in rest of transport provision in certain areas in rest HMA, certain areas of the rest of the HMA, development may HMA, development may lead to a proportionately development may lead to a proportionately increased lead to a proportionately increased number of journeys increased number of journeys in the private car which number of journeys in the private car which could lead to in the private car which could lead to increased could lead to increased pollutants from vehicles. With this increased pollutants from vehicles. With this in mind, this pollutants from vehicles. With this in mind, growth in in mind, this level of growth in these locations is assessed level of growth in these locations is assessed as having a these locations is assessed as having a minor adverse as having a minor adverse effect against this objective. minor adverse effect against this objective. This strategy effect against this objective. This strategy proposes the equivalent of CH-A and would proposes a higher level of growth and could therefore lead therefore be likely to have a similar degree of effect on to more negative effects in rural areas than the roll forward rural areas. option. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Average -1.6 Overall, this development strategy is currently -1.6 Overall, this development strategy is currently -1.6 Overall, this development strategy is currently score for assessed as having a moderate adverse effect assessed as having a moderate adverse effect against assessed as having a moderate adverse effect against this SA against this objective. This is as strategy CH-A places this objective. This is as strategy CH-B places a high level this objective. This is as strategy CH-C places a higher levels of development at Devizes and of growth in Chippenham, along with a moderate level of proportionately high level of growth in Melksham, which objective Melksham, which are locations that are either growth proposed at Devizes. With Chippenham being acts as the focus for growth, along with a proportionately designated AQMAs or have been highlighted as being identified as being at risk of AQMA declaration and high level of growth in Devizes. With Melksham being close to declaration. With this in mind, along with the Devizes having a long standing AQMA, these identified as being at risk of AQMA declaration and unknown extent to which the development planned in distributions would place growth in areas of concern. With Devizes having a long standing AQMA, these distributions these and other locations of concern is going to be this in mind, along with the unknown extent to which the would place growth in areas of concern. With this in mind mitigated, for both air quality and other possible development planned in these and other locations is along with the unknown extent to which the development pollutants. going to be mitigated, for both air quality and other

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possible pollutants has determined that adverse effects planned in these and other locations is going to be are likely. mitigated, for both air quality and other possible pollutants.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategy CH-B is considered the most sustainable strategy as minor adverse effects are likely overall against this objective.

Strategies CH-A and CH-C are considered the least sustainable strategies as moderate adverse effects are likely overall against this objective.

There is a risk of significant adverse effects at individual settlements through each of the proposed options. All options are expected to have likely moderate adverse effects at Calne and Devizes, where existing AQMA declarations are apparent, suggesting mitigation measures may be more problematic.

Through CH-A and CH-C Melksham is likely to experience moderate adverse effects as a result of higher level of housing and employment growth in an area where an AQMA declaration is anticipated.

Additionally, all strategies suggest moderate adverse effects at Chippenham where an AQMA declaration is also considered to be anticipated and additional housing and employment growth could be critical. Opportunities to mitigate effects remain uncertain at this stage.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages

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Chippenham is at moderate risk of river, surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Melksham is at high risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Devizes is at low risk of river and surface water flooding and at high risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as low.

Calne is at moderate risk of river and groundwater flooding and at high risk of surface water flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Corsham is at low risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Malmesbury is at moderate risk of river flooding, at high risk of surface water flooding and at low risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as low.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Community) Calne Calne is at moderate risk of river and groundwater Calne has a substantially reduced level of development This strategy proposes a similar level to the Core Strategy flooding and at high risk of surface water flooding. Calne proposed under this scenario, notably vis-à-vis Core roll forward, the level proposed is lower. Due to existing has a moderately high level of development proposed Strategy Continued. Any new growth would need to surface water issues a Calne, it is likely that there would be under this scenario. Any new growth would need to take take into account the surface water issues experienced a minor adverse effect. into account the surface water flooding experienced across the town. Minor adverse effects are identified across the town. Moderate adverse effects are identified here as a result. as a result. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham Chippenham has some areas of flood risk. Whilst the Chippenham is at moderate risk of river, surface water Chippenham under this development scenario would quantum directed at Chippenham under Core Strategy and groundwater flooding. Levels of growth proposed receive a reduced quantum of growth, slightly less than but Continued is moderately high it is believed that proposed under this strategy are significantly higher and therefore rather similar to Core Strategy Continued. Whilst all flood growth levels could be accommodated. Therefore, minor flood risk significantly greater, depending on the typologies demonstrate moderate risk levels, minor adverse effects are indicated. location of any new development. Cumulative impacts adverse effects are indicated for this settlement. from various development locations is also higher. Moderate adverse effects likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Corsham Corsham is at low risk of river flooding and at moderate Corsham has areas that are moderately susceptible to This level of development would lead to minor adverse risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. Whilst all surface and groundwater flooding. Levels of effects on this objective at the town. flood risk typologies are present, none is at high risk, development indicated at the town under this scenario, rendering growth comparatively more feasible here under suggest minor adverse effects against this objective. this objective, with minor adverse effects likely as a consequence.

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Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Core Strategy Continued proposes the greatest amount Strategy CH-B proposes a moderately high level of There is also a moderately large amount of development of development in Devizes of any strategy. The town has development in Devizes, albeit less than in other directed to Devizes, albeit fairly similar to those proposed areas of groundwater flooding which development is scenarios, and substantially less than under Core under Core Strategy Continued. The town is at notable risk recommended to avoid. Given that specific growth Strategy Continued. Much of the settlement is at risk of groundwater flooding thus, since there are as yet no locations are as yet unknown, likely moderate adverse from groundwater flooding, and growth would need to indications as regards site-specific development, likely effects could accrue to the town. avoid these areas. Given that specific sites for moderate adverse effects are anticipated to accrue at this development are as yet unknown, moderate adverse locality. effects are estimated at the town.

Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Malmesbury In Malmesbury there are areas that are at risk of surface Malmesbury has numerous areas of land at risk In Malmesbury, where proposed growth is similar to that water flooding, moreover any development that does especially of surface water flooding. Whilst proposed under CH-B, there are large areas of land at risk of take place should carefully consider River Avon-related growth is less than half of that under Core Strategy groundwater flooding. Minor adverse effects are thus Continued, given that specific development locations impacts. suggested. are as yet unknown, minor adverse effects are Moderate adverse effects are therefore noted at this indicated. settlement. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Melksham is at high risk of river flooding and at moderate As regards Melksham there are vulnerabilities Melksham has its highest level of growth proposed under risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. With associated with the potential for especially fluvial CH-C. The town possesses some areas of flood risk, specific development locations not known this leads to flooding. Given the proposed lower growth quanta mainly fluvial due to the course of the River Avon, but moderate adverse effects likely at the town. under scenario CH-B, minor adverse effects are moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. considered likely for the town. As a result, moderate adverse effects are estimated here.

Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Development quanta for Rest of HMA, whilst not location- Development quanta for Rest of HMA, whilst not Development quanta for Rest of HMA, whilst not location- specific, are moderately high and therefore estimated to location-specific, conserve the moderately high levels specific, are moderately high, and therefore estimated to lead to minor adverse effects, which can only be clarified proposed under Core Strategy Continued, and are lead to minor adverse effects, which can only be clarified as site-level proposals emerge. therefore estimated to lead to minor adverse effects, as site-level proposals emerge. which can only be clarified as site-level proposals emerge. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.6 Core Strategy Continued exhibits likely moderate -1.3 The overall judgement for this strategy is minor -1.3 Likely minor adverse effects are likely overall. There score for adverse effects overall, with moderate adverse effects adverse effects. There are less settlements where are less settlements where significant adverse effects are this SA considered likely in Calne, Devizes, Malmesbury and significant adverse effects are likely – namely likely – namely Calne, Devizes and Melksham. Melksham. Chippenham and Devizes. objective

Conclusions/Recommendations:

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Strategies CH-B and CH-C are considered to be the most sustainable strategies. Significant effects are likely in Chippenham and Devizes through CH-B and Devizes and Melksham through CH-C.

Strategy CH-A is considered the least sustainable option. Significant effects are considered likely in four settlements. These are Calne, Devizes, Malmesbury and Melksham.

Devizes is particularly constrained by groundwater flood-risk, which limits the areas of the settlement that might be suitable for further growth. This leads to an outcome of there being likely moderate adverse effects at the town. CH-A proposes more substantive growth at Devizes and is more likely to result in moderate adverse effects when compared to the other strategies.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Chippenham: assets include the registered park at Corsham and garden at Sheldon, Rowden conservation area and archaeology west of the A350. Also, assets associated with the manorial landscapes to the south of the town and vernacular stone villages to the north.

Melksham: assets are the Spa and Woolmore Manor (and their settings) to the south-east of the town and Beanacre Manor to the north.

Devizes: assets include the Castle scheduled monument & town conservation area and their setting, Roundway Down Battlefield, Caen Hill Locks and the Kennet & Avon Canal.

Calne: assets include parkland such as Bowood Park, the scheduled moated site at Pinhills Farm and medieval settlements at Beversbrook and Quemerford.

Corsham: assets include relict former estate parkland to the north and east including the registered park and garden at Corsham Court. Also surrounding conservation areas at Pickwick, Neston, Easton and Gastard.

Malmesbury: assets include the Abbey, St Paul’s bell tower spire and the town conservation area and their settings.

DAQ 2: Maintain and enhance the character and distinctiveness of settlements through high quality and appropriate design, taking into account the management objectives of Conservation Areas?

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Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne Calne is subject to several heritage constraints, This strategy proposes a lower level of growth, This strategy proposes a lower level of growth, suggesting including assets associated with the agrarian economy, suggesting that there are more opportunities to avoid that there are more opportunities to avoid effects on assets River Marden and canal and railway. This level of effects on assets at the settlement. A likely neutral effect at the settlement. A likely neutral effect is considered. growth is likely to lead to a minor adverse effect. is considered. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Chippenham Chippenham is subject to several assets at risk these Accommodating new development is comparatively more This strategy proposes a similar level of growth to the roll include registered parkland, conservation areas and challenging. There are less opportunities to avoid effects forward and it is therefore considered that a similar minor archaeology. Given that development locations are on assets particularly those at risk at the settlement. A adverse effect on this objective is likely. unclear minor adverse effects are therefore likely. moderate adverse effect is likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Corsham Growth levels would be challenging for heritage in and Whilst proposed development levels would be challenging CH-C proposes a reduction on CH-A and would also be around Corsham. In addition to the heritage highlighted to accommodate at Corsham it is believed that, under this challenging for heritage in and around Corsham. However, above, of additional note here and requiring protection scenario, there may be more opportunities to direct there may be more opportunities to mitigate effects through would be relict parkland. Given the above, the growth development away from protected historic assets. A this strategy. On the basis of the above, moderate adverse quantum directed towards Corsham through CH-A is moderate adverse effect is likely. effects are therefore likely due to heritage assets and their likely to have moderate adverse effects. settings in and around Corsham.

Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Devizes Growth levels would be challenging for heritage in and Given the heritage assets in and around Devizes and that Given the heritage assets in and around Devizes and that around Devizes. Given the heritage assets in and this strategy proposes a decrease when compared to CH- this strategy proposes a decrease when compared to CH- around Devizes, CH-A is considered likely to have A, it is considered likely to have minor adverse effects. A, it is considered likely to have minor adverse effects. moderate adverse effects. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Malmesbury Challenges with relation to this objective are This strategy proposers a lower level of growth at This strategy proposers a lower level of growth at considered at Malmesbury. Moderate adverse effects Malmesbury when compared to the roll forward. As Malmesbury when compared to the roll forward. As are likely as a result of this level of growth. challenges are apparent a minor adverse effect is challenges are apparent a minor adverse effect is considered. considered. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Melksham Melksham is considered to be less constrained than As this strategy looks to propose a lower level of growth Although this strategy looks to focus development in other settlements within the HMA against this objective. at Melksham, when compared to the roll forward. A Melksham, increasing on the quanta of housing and At this level of assessment, opportunities to direct neutral effect is considered. employment development proposed by the roll forward, development away from protected assets are given that there are limited historic environment constraints considered and a neutral effect is likely. at Melksham a minor adverse effect is considered likely. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Rest of HMA Under this strategy development rates in Rest of HMA Under this strategy development rates in Rest of HMA are Development rates in Rest of HMA under this strategy are are elevated. The nature of heritage assets distribution the same as CH-A. The nature of heritage assets higher than CH-A and CH-B. However, given the size of in the rural area means that such growth locations distribution in the rural area means that such growth the rural area and therefore the ability for development to

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would have to be selected carefully. Overall, given the locations would have to be selected carefully. Overall, avoid harm to heritage assets, minor adverse effects are size of the rural area and therefore the ability for given the size of the rural area and therefore the ability for likely. development to avoid harm to heritage assets, minor development to avoid harm to heritage assets, minor adverse effects are likely. adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.4 On balance, considering all settlements/areas in -1.3 On balance, considering all settlements/areas in this -1.1 On balance, considering all settlements/areas in this score for this HMA, it is considered that this strategy is likely to HMA, it is considered that this strategy is likely to have HMA, it is considered that this strategy is likely to have this SA have minor adverse effects overall on this objective. minor adverse effects overall on this objective. minor adverse effects overall on this objective. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategies CH-B and CH-C are the most sustainable options as likely to have fewer adverse effects overall. There is a likelihood of significant effects at Corsham through both of these strategies and at Chippenham through CH-B.

Strategy CH-A is the least sustainable option as likely to have more adverse effects overall. Significant effects are considered likely at Corsham, Devizes and Malmesbury through this strategy, thus a more severe effect is anticipated across the HMA as a whole as a result of this strategy.

Recommendation - a key recommendation of this SA is to explore an additional development strategy that would reduce prospective development levels in/around the more constrained settlements of Malmesbury, Corsham and Devizes. Such a strategy could increase the growth at Melksham, Calne and Chippenham which are relatively unconstrained in heritage terms but also in environmental terms more generally. Strategy CH-B does direct substantial growth to Chippenham indicating moderate adverse effects on heritage assets in/around that locality. It is possible that mitigation would, at site-specific level, be able to reduce and mitigate these significant adverse effects through careful site selection and sensitive site design and layout.

Overall, Chippenham, Melksham, Calne and the Rest of the HMA offer the greatest scope for accommodating higher levels of development proposed under this objective.

The SA findings suggest that the levels of growth proposed would not lead to any ‘major’ adverse effects at any of the settlements which would mean that mitigation measures are not achievable

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

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Chippenham: The area has Spye Parklands special landscape area, along with three registered parks and gardens (Spye, Bowood House and Corsham Park) that in particular would need to be taken into consideration. Westwards lies the Cotswold AONB.

Melksham: the principal asset is Spye & Bowood Parklands special landscape area, to the north-east.

Devizes: particular assets include the North Wessex Downs AONB.

Calne: North Wessex Downs AONB and Bowood registered park and garden are both in the wider vicinity.

Corsham: most notably Cotswold AONB and special landscape area, Corsham Park and other locally-valued land.

Malmesbury: most notably The Abbey, the surrounding landscape context and, westwards, also the setting of Brokenborough and Cotswold AONB.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne While the North Wessex Downs AONB lies approx. CH-B proposes a lower level of growth than CH-A. While CH-C proposes a lower level of growth than CH-A. While 2km to the east of Calne and Bowood Registered Park the North Wessex Downs AONB lies approx. 2km to the the North Wessex Downs AONB lies approx. 2km to the and Garden is to the west, there are no local landscape east of Calne and Bowood Registered Park and Garden east of Calne and Bowood Registered Park and Garden is designations at the settlement. A minor adverse effect is to the west, there are no local landscape designations to the west, there are no local landscape designations at is likely. at the settlement. A minor adverse effect is likely. the settlement. A minor adverse effect is likely. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Chippenham Through this development strategy relatively less harm This strategy proposes a significant level of housing and This strategy proposes a similar level of growth to the roll is likely to accrue to the Chippenham area, where employment growth. The uplift in the quantum of forward of the WCS. Effects will be similar as a result. A proposed levels of development would be moderately development suggests impacts would be increased. minor adverse effect is likely. challenging to accommodate. Minor adverse effects are Moderate adverse effects are likely. indicated. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Corsham Corsham is subject to more constraints in landscape This strategy proposes a lower level of growth for This strategy proposes a lower level of growth than the roll terms. This level of growth would likely result in a Corsham. Due to constrained nature of the settlement a forward of the Core Strategy. Due to constrained nature of moderate adverse effect. moderate adverse effect is likely. the settlement a moderate adverse effect is likely. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Devizes Devizes is subject to some constraints in landscape This strategy proposes a lower level of growth that CH-A This strategy proposes a lower level of growth that CH-A terms, including landscape designations. It is possible and a lower level of growth suggests that development and a lower level of growth suggests that development that development of this scale could be directed away could be located away from constrained areas. This level could be located away from constrained areas. This level from constrained locations. A minor adverse effect is of growth is likely to lead to a minor adverse effect. of growth is likely to lead to a minor adverse effect. likely. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse

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Malmesbury The setting of Malmesbury is especially dominated by This strategy proposes a lower level of growth than CH-A. This strategy proposes a lower level of growth than CH-A. its hilltop Abbey. In addition, the historic town core Given the constraints of the settlement, a minor adverse Given the constraints of the settlement, a minor adverse needs to retain strong connections with countryside effect is likely. effect is likely. along river valleys from outlying countryside. Cotswolds AONB lies adjacent to the existing urban edge of the town to the west and south. Given this reduced quantum of growth, minor adverse effects are considered likely against this objective. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Melksham Melksham is less constrained. This level of This strategy proposes a lower level of growth. This This strategy proposes a higher level of growth at development is likely to have minor adverse effects. suggests that any effects could be minimised by directing Melksham. The settlement is fairly unconstrained in development away from sensitive landscape areas. A landscape terms. A minor adverse effect is likely as a minor adverse effect remains likely. result. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Rest of HMA Under this strategy growth rates in Rest of HMA are Under this strategy growth rates in Rest of HMA are Under this strategy growth rates in Rest of HMA are higher elevated. The presence of large national designations elevated. The presence of large national designations than CH-A and CH-B. The presence of large national (AONB) as well as locally-valued landscapes mean that (AONB) as well as locally-valued landscapes mean that designations (AONB) as well as locally-valued landscapes locations in Rest of HMA would have to be selected locations in Rest of HMA would have to be selected very mean that locations in Rest of HMA would have to be very carefully with adequate mitigation to reduce carefully with adequate mitigation to reduce landscape selected very carefully with adequate mitigation to reduce landscape effects. effects. landscape effects. Moderate adverse effects are therefore considered Moderate adverse effects are therefore considered most Moderate adverse effects are therefore considered most most likely until a more detailed assessment can be likely until a more detailed assessment can be likely until a more detailed assessment can be undertaken undertaken of more precise locations. undertaken of more precise locations. of more precise locations. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.3 Minor adverse effects are considered likely for the -1.4 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most -1.3 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most score for strategy overall, based on the assessment of all likely, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas. likely, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas. this SA settlements/areas. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategies CH-A and CH-C score equally and are the most sustainable options as they will have fewer adverse effects overall. However, significant effects are likely at Corsham and in rural areas settlement through each of these options.

Strategy CH-B is the least sustainable option in landscape terms as it will have greater adverse effects overall. In addition to significant effects at Corsham and in rural areas, CH-B is likely to lead to moderate adverse effects at Chippenham where a higher level of development is proposed.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

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SA Conclusions relate to the ability of the strategy to deliver affordable homes where they are needed and where house price to income ratios are highest.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Community) Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Calne Existing commitments would deliver just over half of Existing commitments would deliver a significant proportion Existing commitments would deliver a significant proportion the housing requirement for Calne leaving a further of the housing requirement for Calne leaving an additional 0 of the housing requirement for Calne leaving an additional 500 dwellings to be identified. It is considered that dwellings to be identified to maintain supply to 2036. Whilst 125 dwellings to be identified to maintain supply to 2036. the scale of growth under this strategy would be this effectively rolls forward the WCS level of growth existing Whilst this effectively rolls forward the WCS level of growth likely to have a minor positive effect on the supply commitments would be built out within the next 10 years, existing commitments would be built out within the next 10 of affordable homes for Calne. meaning that there would be a low level of homes being years, meaning that there would be a low level of homes delivered in the latter half of the plan period. For this reason, being delivered in the latter half of the plan period. For this it is considered that the scale of growth under this strategy reason, it is considered that the scale of growth under this would be likely to have a neutral effect on the supply of strategy would be likely to have a neutral effect on the affordable homes for Calne, supply of affordable homes for Calne, Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Chippenham Historic delivery at Chippenham has been slow. Under Strategy B Chippenham would be expected to deliver Under Strategy C Chippenham would be expected to However, rolling forward the pro-rata requirement 8,335 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into account existing deliver approximately 5,915 dwellings from 2016-2036, under CH-A for the town means that Chippenham commitments this leaves a residual requirement of 4,210 significantly more than in the current WCS and marginally would be expected to deliver 5,495 dwellings from dwellings. This is a substantial number of homes to be built higher than Strategy CH-A. Taking into account existing 2016-2036. Taking into account existing during the plan period and would no doubt ensure a large commitments this leaves a residual requirement of 1,790 commitments this leaves a residual requirement of number of affordable units, although this would depend on dwellings. It is considered that the scale of growth under 1,370 dwellings. It is considered that the scale of the demand matching what is being provided, and this not this strategy would be likely to have a minor positive effect growth under this strategy would be likely to have a resulting in a shortfall in provision in other parts of the HMA on the supply of affordable homes for Chippenham. minor positive effect on the supply of affordable where demand for affordable homes may be high. It is homes for Chippenham. considered that the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a major positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Chippenham. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: minor positive Corsham For Corsham, rolling forward the current strategy Under Strategy B the same housing requirement would be Under Strategy C there would be an increase in housing would mean an increase in housing provision to applied to Corsham as for the previous plan period. Taking provision compared to the previous plan period, slightly 1485 dwellings compared to the previous plan into account commitments there would be a residual less than Strategy A. Taking into account commitments

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period. Taking into account commitments, there requirement of 345, or just over half. It is considered that the there would be a residual requirement of 470. It is would be a residual requirement of 790. It is scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a considered that the scale of growth under this strategy considered that the scale of growth under this minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for would be likely to have a minor positive effect on the strategy would be likely to have a minor positive Corsham. supply of affordable homes for Corsham. effect on the supply of affordable homes for Corsham. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Devizes Rolling forward the current WCS strategy at Under Strategy B the same housing requirement would be Under Strategy C, there would be an increase to the Devizes, would mean a significant increase to the applied to Devizes as for the previous plan period. Taking housing requirement for Devizes, marginally higher than housing requirement for the town. Taking into into account existing commitments, there would be a residual Strategy CH-B. Taking into account existing commitments, account existing commitments, there is a residual requirement of 715 homes. It is considered that the scale of there is a residual requirement of 920 homes. It is requirement of 1,450 homes. It is considered that growth under this strategy would be likely to have a minor considered that the scale of growth under this strategy the scale of growth under this strategy would be positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Devizes. would also be likely to have a minor positive effect on the likely to have a moderate positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Devizes. supply of affordable homes for Devizes. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Malmesbury Rolling forward the WCS against the housing Under Strategy B the same housing requirement would be Under Strategy C the housing requirements for requirements for Malmesbury for 2016-2036 would applied to Malmesbury compared to the previous plan period. Malmesbury 2016-2036 would mean an increase for the mean an increase for the plan period compared to Taking into account commitments there would be a residual plan period compared to current housing requirements, current housing requirements. Taking into account requirement of 185 dwellings. It is considered that the scale marginally lower than Strategy A and marginally higher commitments there would be a residual requirement of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a minor than Strategy B. Taking into account commitments, there of 505 dwellings. Given the high affordability ratio positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for would be a residual requirement of 275 dwellings. It is and relatively low growth proposed, it is uncertain Malmesbury. considered that the scale of growth under this strategy whether the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a minor positive effect on the would be sufficient to address the current supply of affordable homes for Malmesbury. imbalance. However, CH-A allocates the highest number of homes to the town, compared to the alternatives, and is therefore considered likely to have a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Malmesbury. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Melksham At Melksham, rolling forward the WCS strategy Under Strategy B the same housing requirement would be Under Strategy C the housing requirements for 2016-2036 against the housing requirements for 2016-2036 applied to Melksham compared to the previous plan period. would mean a significant increase in homes to be delivered would mean an increase to be delivered at the town Taking into account existing commitments there is a residual at Melksham compared to housing requirements for the compared to housing requirements for the current requirement of 545 homes for the town. It is considered that current plan period. This is significantly higher than plan period. Taking into account existing the scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to Strategy A. Taking into account existing commitments, commitments there is a residual requirement of have a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable there is a residual requirement of 2,005 homes for the 1,365 homes for the town. It is considered that the homes for Melksham. town. It is, however, uncertain whether the increase in scale of growth under this strategy would be likely provision would result in an over-supply of affordable to have a moderate positive effect on the supply of homes at the town. However, it is considered that this affordable homes for Melksham. scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have

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a major positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Melksham.

Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Rest of HMA A continuation of relatively low levels of housing Under Strategy B the housing requirements for 2016 – 2036 Under Strategy C there would be a modest increase in growth at small and large villages is likely to would mean an increase in housing requirement of housing requirement compared with strategies A and B to exacerbate affordability issues in these parts of the approximately 900 dwellings to be met at small and large be met at small and large villages. Taking into account Rest of the HMA. Taking into account existing villages. Taking into account existing commitments there is a existing commitments there is a residual requirement of commitments there is a residual requirement of 855 residual requirement of 855 homes for the Rest of the HMA. 1,245 homes for the Rest of the HMA. homes for the Rest of the HMA. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in The opportunity for the delivery of affordable areas is however limited by appropriate site size and rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and housing in rural areas is however limited by therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to be therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of small. These factors on balance is likely to result in a minor be small. These factors on balance is likely to result in a new affordable homes is likely to be small. These adverse effect on the supply of affordable homes in the rest minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes in factors on balance is likely to result in a minor of the HMA. the rest of the HMA. adverse effect on the supply of affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor positive Average 1 Minor positive effects are considered likely for 0.9 Minor positive effects are considered likely for this 1.1 Minor positive effects are considered likely for this score for this strategy overall, based on the assessment of all strategy overall, based on the assessment of all strategy overall, based on the assessment of all this SA settlements/areas. settlements/areas. settlements/areas. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

All strategies are considered likely to have minor benefits against this objective. However, Strategies CH-A and CH-C are the most sustainable options as they will have slightly greater benefits overall with significant benefits in a larger number of settlements.

Strategy CH-B is the least sustainable option with fewer benefits likely overall. Significant effects are anticipated at Chippenham only through this strategy, but less positive outcomes are likely overall for the other settlements being considered.

To increase the benefits against this objective so that strategies are likely to have significant benefits overall, housing requirements would need to be increased significantly across a wider number of settlements.

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The housing need for the Chippenham HMA is notably higher than for the previous plan period and therefore the level of provision of homes under each of the strategies is more likely to have a positive effect for the overall provision of affordable homes at most of the settlements.

Strategy CH-B would have moderate positive effects at Chippenham but at the expense of adequate affordable homes provision in all of the other settlements/areas. This leads to some uncertainty as to whether this would result in the delivery of affordable homes when and where they are needed. If actual delivery of homes at Chippenham is unable to reach target rates, for example, there is no guarantee that this would be made up elsewhere within the HMA at sustainable locations.

At Calne, for strategies B and C, existing commitments would deliver a significant proportion of the housing requirement for Calne leaving a very small number of dwellings to be identified to maintain supply to 2036. Existing commitments would be built out within the next 10 years, meaning that there would be a low level of homes being delivered in the latter half of the plan period. For this reason, it is considered that the scale of growth under these strategies would be likely to have a neutral effect on the supply of affordable homes for Calne. This is not considered a situation that would benefit the town or its residents and a significantly higher requirement could be considered at Calne.

A rural facilities survey should be undertaken to identify where the provision of homes could be targeted to help support the vitality of rural settlements in the HMA.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Deprivation is apparent in Chippenham with 6% of the population living in areas of high deprivation.

A higher than the Wiltshire average proportion of younger people live within low income families and are supported by CAF in Devizes.

DAQ 2: Be accessible to educational, health, amenity greenspace, community and town centre facilities which are able to cope with the additional demand? Secondary schools in Chippenham are expected to reach their capacity in upcoming years, there is an opportunity to expand the Abbeyfield School. However, the school is being expanded to meet know demand and expansion is subject to PFI barriers. A substantial number of homes on a single site is likely to require the provision of a new secondary school and higher levels of growth, such as an additional 4500 homes would therefore enable a new school. Further, primary provision is also expected to be required, while emerging strategic sites are likely to bring forward additional primary provision. Chippenham has a community hospital and currently has excess GP capacity when overall capacity is considered. However, it is expected to have a GP capacity gap (-27m2) by 2026 so would require further investment in the future.

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Despite a hospital being situated in Melksham, there is an existing GP capacity issue (-112m2), which is expected to increase by 2026 (-154m2). There is limited capacity available at Melksham Oak School, with the it being expected that the school reaches capacity in the near future. Additionally, expansion is planned for the school to meet known emerging demand. Further expansion risks creating a very large school. More substantial levels of housing, in the region of 4500 homes would be able to support new secondary school provision. New primary provision has been secured and expansion is being pursued currently, but beyond this additional primary provision would have to be delivered, with around 1300 homes being able to support a new primary school.

The NHS have identified an opportunity to support a GP surgery redevelopment in Malmesbury, where there are no existing GP capacity gaps identified or forecast for the future. Malmesbury Secondary School is currently undergoing expansion to meet known demand from new development and there may be limited opportunities to expand the school beyond this. Substantial additional growth could support a new secondary school provision. Opportunities to expand the PFI school could be subject to complex negotiations. Expansion of the primary school is currently being undergone and there are additional opportunities for new or expanded provision.

DAQ 3: Promote/create public spaces and community facilities that might support public health, civic, cultural, recreational and community functions? For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options in relation to public spaces and community facilities. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Community) Calne Rolling forward the current strategy would create This strategy proposes a lower level of growth than the This strategy proposes a lower level of growth than the roll opportunities to invest in areas of deprivation, school roll forward and would be less capable of leading to forward and would be less capable of leading to positive provision and health services and therefore, it is likely positive effects through investment and mitigation. A effects through investment and mitigation. However, effects that there would be a minor positive effect on this minor positive effect is likely. would be more positive than CH-B. A minor positive effect objective. is likely.

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Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Chippenham This strategy creates opportunities for investment in an This strategy proposes a significantly higher level of This strategy proposes a similar level to the roll forward area with apparent issues of deprivation and in health growth than rolling forward the Core Strategy. This and a similar effect would be likely as a result. This services. This strategy will have benefits in terms of strategy is likely to support investment into areas strategy creates opportunities for investment in an area provision of affordable housing for those on low incomes suffering from deprivation and into health services. where deprivation is apparent and in health services. A or currently living in inappropriate housing, new or Additionally, this level of growth could be able to minor positive effect is likely. expanded community/ cultural/recreational facilities, support new secondary level schooling provision. As a including new schools and healthcare facilities, and result, a major positive effect is likely. When compared creation of new areas of public open space that could to the roll forward it is likely that there would be more help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. opportunities to mitigate impacts on this objective It will create opportunities for investment in an area with through higher levels of growth. apparent issues of deprivation and in health services. But this level of growth is unlikely to support new school provision at Chippenham and is therefore likely to have a minor positive effect. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: minor positive Corsham There are opportunities for have some benefits in terms Lower levels are proposed through this strategy than This strategy proposes a lower scale of growth when of provision of affordable housing, new or expanded through the roll forward. However, it should still have compared to the roll forward. It should still have some community/ cultural/ recreational facilities through this some benefits in terms of provision of affordable benefits in terms of provision of affordable housing, new or strategy, and creation of new areas of public open space housing, new or expanded community/ cultural/ expanded community/ cultural/ recreational facilities, and that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of creation of new areas of public open space that could help exercise. public open space that could help reduce social reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. Due to Due to the substantial GP gap identified and unclear isolation and allow physical exercise. Due to the the substantial GP gap identified and uncertainties with opportunities to invest in both health services and school substantial GP gap identified and unclear opportunities relation to opportunities to invest in both health services through this strategy, it is therefore likely that there would to invest in both health services and school through this and schools through this strategy, it is therefore likely that be a minor positive effect only. It is unclear whether this strategy, it is therefore likely that there would be a minor there would be a minor positive effect. strategy would be sufficient to lead to mitigation when positive effect. It is unclear whether this strategy would compared to the roll forward of the current strategy. be able to sufficient lead to mitigation when compared to the roll forward of the current strategy. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Devizes Development at Devizes could place additional pressure This strategy proposes a lower level of growth at This strategy proposes a lower level of growth in on existing services and facilities. However, it should also Devizes. Existing school provision could be able to comparison to the roll forward. Due to the surplus places at have benefits in terms of provision of affordable housing support this level of growth, additionally this strategy schools in the area and opportunities at Devizes to invest for those on low incomes or currently living in could direct investment into areas subject to deprivation in areas suffering from deprivation and health services, it is inappropriate housing, new or expanded and towards local health services. Therefore, it is likely likely that there would be a minor positive effect on this community/cultural/recreational facilities, including new that there would be a minor positive effect on objective objective as a result of this strategy. schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new 9. areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. Devizes has the second largest gap in GP provision in the Wiltshire CCG as of September 2016 (-612m2) and this is predicted to increase to -820m2 by 2026. Due to opportunities to

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invest in health services, areas suffering from deprivation and existing school places. This level of growth is likely to lead to a minor positive effect on objective 9. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Malmesbury There are no existing GP capacity gaps identified or This level of housing provision is so low that very few This level of housing provision is so low that very few forecast for the future at Malmesbury. Substantial benefits would be likely for the town. benefits would be likely for the town. additional growth could support new secondary school This level of growth would not be able to support This level of growth would not be able to support additional provision. Despite some uncertainties relating to the additional educational capacity where existing issues educational capacity where existing issues are apparent. capabilities of this strategy in overcoming issues of are apparent. There are uncertainties relating to the There are uncertainties relating to the capabilities of this deprivation, this strategy is more likely to be positive than capabilities of this strategy in overcoming issues of strategy in overcoming issues of deprivation, reducing negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation deprivation, reducing poverty and deprivation and poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive and promoting more inclusive communities. As a result, promoting more inclusive communities. communities. minor positive effects are considered likely. It is therefore likely that there would be a minor positive It is therefore likely that there would be a minor positive effect. effect. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Melksham Deprivation is relatively high with 10% of the population The level of growth proposed is lower than the roll Deprivation is relatively high with 10% of the population living in areas of high deprivation. There is an existing forward. It is unlikely to create many opportunities living in areas of high deprivation. There is an existing GP GP capacity issue and limited capacity at Melksham Oak against this objective such as investment to reduce GP capacity issue and limited capacity at Melksham Oak School. There are opportunities to invest in health gap issues and areas of deprivation and uncertainties School. A high level of growth is proposed when compared services and areas suffering from deprivation and relating to the opportunities into schooling provision. It is to other strategies. There is the opportunity to invest in benefits in terms of provision of affordable housing, new likely that there could be a neutral effect. Due to a lower health services and areas suffering from deprivation and or expanded community/ cultural/recreational facilities, proposed level of growth than the roll forward, Strategy benefits in terms of provision of affordable housing, new or and creation of new areas of public open space that CH-B is subject to more uncertainty and less scope for expanded community/ cultural/recreational facilities, and could help reduce social isolation and allow physical benefits for the town. creation of new areas of public open space that could help exercise.CH-A is considered likely to have minor positive reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. CH-C effects against this objective. is considered likely to have moderate positive effects against this objective. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of HMA It is less likely that this lower level of growth will result in It is less likely that this lower level of growth will result in Development on a smaller scale in large and small villages benefits for rural settlements. However, minor positive benefits for rural settlements. However, minor positive is likely to be positive in terms of providing some affordable effects overall. effects overall. housing and will help improve viability of local services and facilities. The level of growth in CH-C is considered likely to have greater benefits overall than the other two strategies but still minor positive. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1 Overall, this strategy is likely to have a minor positive 1.3 Overall, it is likely that there would be a minor 1.1 Overall, this strategy is likely to have a minor positive score for effect on objective 9. This is due to a risk that high levels positive effect on SA Objective 9. This is due to the effect on SA Objective 9. This is due to the opportunities this SA of growth at Corsham, Melksham and Devizes could lead focus at Chippenham, which is well served in terms of presented to help overcome deprivation issues in to pressure on local schools and GP services. health and education, with opportunities to direct Melksham and invest in health and education facilities objective investment into areas of deprivation, education services across the HMA, however uncertainties remain regarding and healthcare across the other settlements within the the nature of effects.

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HMA This is despite risks of negative effects at Corsham, where GP capacity is an existing issue, and Malmesbury, where education capacity is an emerging issue.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategy CH-A is marginally the most sustainable option, although CH-C scores very similarly. Strategy CH-A tends to distribute growth across a wider range of settlements and therefore is likely to have greater benefits in more settlements.

Strategy CH-B is the least sustainable option. Less significant positive effects are anticipated. Although significant benefits would be likely at Chippenham, the strategy does not distribute growth evenly and neutral effects only would be likely at Calne, Corsham, Malmesbury and Melksham. A strategy that does not distribute growth adequately to all settlements is unlikely to have benefits in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities at those settlements with low growth provision.

New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote mixed use developments, in accessible locations, that reduce the need to travel and reliance on the private car? Limited notable observations are possible at this stage in relation to this DAQ. Further consideration will be given to these matters at a later, more site specific, stage where more precise accessibility, development mix and travel options become clearer. Where observations can be made at this strategic stage, they have been made below.

Each of the main settlements within this HMA possess bus travel options to varying degrees to offer alternatives to private car travel. Rail links within settlements are not universal and are only present within Chippenham and Melksham. When looking at the rest of the HMA, many of these locations are positioned in less accessible locations than the market towns and principle settlements and may increase the reliance on the private car, often being positioned further away from many amenities or public transport services.

DAQ 2: Provide suitable access and not significantly exacerbate issues of local transport capacity (unless there is evidence that such impacts can be mitigated)?

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The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain key strategic constraints at each location. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise suitability of access along with the impacts on local transport capacity. More detailed assessment may be possible at the site assessment stage where impacts along with mitigation/improvement measures may become clearer.

Lying on the convergence of the A361, A342 and A360 has led to Devizes suffering from highway congestion that impacts travel through the town, also having a negative impact on the designated AQMA.

The transport connectivity in Malmesbury is largely dominated by the A429 which can become congested at peak times.

Within the Rest of the HMA, links to the highway network vary as do the levels of existing transport capacity. That being said, the majority of settlements in the rest of HMA will likely be less accessible to services and increase the likelihood of increasing usage of transport corridors with lower levels of capacity.

DAQ 3: Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure? The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain elements of the existing transport infrastructure in each broad location that could be utilised sustainably if growth were to take place. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise potential efficient use or impacts upon the existing transport infrastructure. More detailed assessment may be possible at the site assessment stage where the potential for utilisation or improvements to the existing transport infrastructure may become clearer.

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Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Community) Calne At Calne, a higher level of housing growth is proposed At Calne, a much lower level of housing growth is At Calne, similar level of housing growth to CH-B is within CH-A along with some employment growth. proposed within CH-B in comparison to all other identified, but with no employment growth. Taking account Constraints at the settlement are apparent and when options, along with an employment allocation. This is of existing constraints and the proposed level of growth, considering the level of growth, a minor adverse effect assessed as having a likely minor adverse effect this is assessed as having a minor adverse effect against against this objective is likely. against this objective. this objective. Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Likely effect: minor adverse Chippenham While offering a comparatively wider number of Focusing development at Chippenham, both housing CH-C allocates Chippenham a similar amount to the roll possibilities to enhance sustainability of travel, future and employment, provides the opportunity to take forward. While offering a comparatively wider number of growth at this level is currently assessed as having a advantage of key sustainable transport services. This possibilities to enhance sustainability of travel, future moderate adverse effect against this objective, given focus however will need to show how development may growth at this level is currently assessed as having a high levels of growth and mitigation measures will need mitigate current constraints including congestion and moderate adverse effect against this objective, given to become clearer to combat current constraints and the subsequent impact on both private and public mitigation measures will need to become clearer to combat sustainably manage this level of growth. transport. Given this, focusing growth in Chippenham is current constraints and sustainably manage this level of currently assessed as having a moderate adverse effect growth. against this objective. Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Likely effect: moderate adverse Corsham The roll forward allocates a comparatively higher level of Under this option Corsham is currently assessed as Corsham is identified to take a similar level of growth to growth to Corsham along with a small employment having a minor adverse effect against this objective. CH-B. This is currently assessed as having a minor allocation. This is currently assessed as having a adverse effect against this objective. moderate adverse effect against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Within Devizes, growth at this proposed rate corresponds Growth at this lower proposed rate is currently Strategy CH-C also allocates a proportionately high level of to a proportionately high level of growth for the town. This assessed as having a minor adverse effect at this growth to Devizes, similar to CH-B. This proportionately is currently assessed as having a moderate adverse location given the unknown extent to which mitigation high level of growth is currently assessed as having effect largely due to the unknown extent to which will be established to maximise the sustainability of moderate adverse effects largely due to the unknown mitigation will be established to minimise negative impact future growth and associated travel and negative traffic extent to which mitigation will be established to minimise on the current highway infrastructure. impacts on existing roads. negative effect on the currently congested highway infrastructure. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Malmesbury At Malmesbury proposed levels of growth are relatively At Malmesbury, while proposed levels of growth are At Malmesbury, proposed levels of growth are relatively low. Further growth would need to consider its effects on low, further growth would still need to consider its low broadly in line with the roll forward. Further growth

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the identified constraints. Currently this level of growth is effects on the identified constraints. Currently this level would need to consider its effects on the identified assessed as having a minor adverse effect in this of growth is assessed as having minor adverse effects constraints. Currently this level of growth is assessed as location. in this location. having minor adverse effects in this location. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham The roll forward of the core strategy allocates a large The lower level of growth allocated to Melksham is Focusing more growth, both housing and employment, in level of housing growth to Melksham along with a small assessed as having a minor adverse effect with Melksham that is proposed in the roll forward offers the employment allocation. Currently this is assessed as mitigation options to sustainably manage this level of opportunity to capitalise on the sustainable transport having a moderate adverse effect with mitigation options growth, against identified opportunities and constraints, options present in this settlement. This will need to be to sustainably manage this level of growth, against being unclear. balanced against exacerbating the constraints identified in identified opportunities and constraints, being unclear. this location. This focus for growth in Melksham is currently assessed as having a moderate adverse effect due to the unknown extent to which mitigation will be established. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA A continuation of the current levels of growth in the rest A continuation of the current levels of growth in the rest This option significantly increases levels of growth of HMA may place growth in locations with reduced of HMA are proposed in CH-B, the same levels as compared with CH-A and CH-B. access to sustainable modes of transport. For proposed in the roll forward. When considering the rest When considering the rural parts of the HMA it is development to mitigate this effect it would need to HMA it is acknowledged that this growth may take place acknowledged that this may take place in locations with improve the availability of sustainable transport provision in locations with reduced access to sustainable modes reduced access to sustainable modes of transport. For and accessibility. Given the extent to which this is of transport. For development to mitigate this effect it development to mitigate this effect it would need to possible remains unclear at this stage, this level of would need to improve the availability of sustainable improve the availability of sustainable transport provision growth in the Rest of HMA is assessed as having a minor transport provision and accessibility. Given the extent to and accessibility. adverse effect against this objective. which this is possible remains unclear at this stage, this Given the extent to which this is possible remains unclear level of growth in the Rest of HMA is assessed as at this stage; this increased level of growth in the Rest of having a minor adverse effect against this objective. HMA is assessed as having likely moderate adverse effects against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.6 The comparatively greater levels of development -1.1 Focuses growth in Chippenham. Devizes is -1.6 Focuses more growth in Melksham with a score for proposed in Devizes, Corsham, Chippenham and allocated a moderate level of growth with the remaining proportionately high level of growth also being seen in this SA Melksham are the focus for growth in strategy CH-A. settlements all being allocated proportionately lower Devizes, similar to the roll forward CH-A option. Similarly, Calne and Malmesbury also see a comparatively large levels of growth. Chippenham is allocated a similar level of growth to the roll objective level of growth allocated to them in comparison to other This strategy is assessed as having a minor adverse forward as are the remaining settlements in the HMA. options. effect against this objective. This strategy is assessed as having a moderate adverse At this stage this strategy is assessed as having a effect against this objective. moderate adverse effect against this objective. Conclusions/Recommendations:

CH-B is considered the most sustainable option as it will have less adverse effects overall. Significant effects are less likely across the HMA as a whole. Moderate adverse effects are still likely at Chippenham, however, given this strategy proposes the highest quantum of growth at Chippenham. While higher levels of growth are more likely to lead to significant adverse effects, there is a higher probability of mitigation to reduce impacts against this objective.

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CH-A is the least sustainable option with likely effects significantly adverse overall. Significant effects are more likely across the HMA as a whole, with moderate adverse effects being identified at Chippenham, Corsham, Devizes and Melksham.

Mixed-use development proposals are recommended as this will help increase self-containment and reduce need to travel.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)?

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The relationship with the town centre, and its immediate and wider rural context is complex and will also rely on trade from staff and other retail and non-retail businesses. Additional growth will inevitably contribute, to some extent, to the vitality and viability of town centres. At this stage, in the absence of specific site options to consider, the proximity of future housing and employment development to the town centres cannot be determined and therefore will not be considered as part of this high-level assessment but will be assessed at later stages.

The extent that strategies can promote a balance between residential and employment development will, in part, depend on the existing provision in terms of housing stock and employment uses, the relationship between them, and the relationship/connectivity of a settlement with other parts the HMA/FEMA (which themselves are strongly influenced by travel to work areas) and adjacent areas. The provision of employment development in isolation could, for example, be more likely to lead to an increase in travel distances but not necessarily if it was located in an area of relatively higher rates of unemployment. The same might apply in areas where employment vacancies are high or jobs are expected to increase. This will, however, depend on the extent that the skills base of the unemployed in the local area match that provided by any new employers.

At Malmesbury total jobs are up significantly since 2009. Wholesale & Retail and Business Services are the most highly concentrated sectors. The dominance of Dyson in the local economy is not apparent from the data, although the JSF highlights its significance. There is ongoing major investment by Dyson at its global RDD campus in the town, supporting a doubling of the workforce, including the new Dyson Academy, and through the acquisition of Hullavington Airfield with the intention to develop a second campus, for battery and new energy vehicle development, although this has not been through the planning process. There is low levels of unemployment and below average town centre shop vacancy rates in the town. There are currently limited alternative employment sites available for businesses to locate or existing businesses to expand. The remaining allocated employment site of 1ha in size is currently in use as a garden centre.

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At Corsham, total employment has stagnated since 2009. There is a high concentration of employment in the Real Estate, and Information & Communication sectors. ICT presence is reflected in the JSF. Corsham Science Park continues to grow with Bath ASU completing a new purpose-built manufacturing and R&D facility, two further buildings have been completed, and a third phase of flexible business units is planned to meet expected market demand. Ark Data Centres have continued to expand their large-scale data facilities at Spring Park. The town has low levels of unemployment and below average town centre shop vacancy rates. There are no outstanding employment allocations at the town although there is continued potential for the release of former MoD land to the west.

Settlement/ Strategy CH – A (Current Strategy) Strategy CH – B (Chippenham Expanded Strategy CH – C (Melksham Focus) Area Community) Calne Under this strategy 5ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 2ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land would be allocated at Calne. This would provide capacity would be allocated at Calne, lower than for Strategy would be allocated at Calne. The lack of additional for employment at the town to increase, which could CH-A but higher than Strategy CH-C. The housing to be employment land could result in an imbalance with the potentially result in reducing travel to work distances, allocated under this strategy is, however, lower than for number of homes delivered in recent years and to be taking into account the number of homes delivered at the both the alternative development strategies, but will delivered against this strategy (which is not substantially town in recent years and the stagnation of employment help to support local businesses, the town centre and different from strategy CH-B). growth over the same period. provide an increased supply of local labour. Taking into However, the level of housing proposed will help to support The higher level of housing proposed will also help to account the relatively high numbers of housing local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased support local businesses, the town centre and provide an delivered in recent years and the stagnation of supply of local labour increased supply of local labour. For this reason, it is employment over the same period, this strategy is Minor positive effects likely overall. assessed that the strategy would have likely moderate therefore predicted to have a minor positive effect positive effects for the town. overall and compared to Strategies CH-A and CH-C. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Chippenham Under this strategy, no additional employment land would Under this strategy, 7ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land be required at Chippenham. The current strategy for would be allocated to Chippenham. This scenario, in would be allocated at Chippenham. However, there would Chippenham is based on delivering significant job growth combination with the additional homes also being still be a relatively high level of additional employment land at the town. Given the supply of outstanding and existing allocated would be likely to result in significant positive provided for the town from existing commitments and this commitments, rolling forward the current strategy without effects at the town. further allocation of employment land is considered level of housing proposed will also help to support local

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unlikely to lead to an imbalance with the additional The combination of 7ha employment land and a businesses, the town centre and provide an increased growth in housing. significantly increased level of housing will help to supply of local labour. The significant level of housing proposed will also help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide a For these reasons a minor positive effect is likely, the same support local businesses, the town centre and provide an significantly increased supply of local labour. Strategy as strategy A, but benefits would be likely to be increased supply of local labour. Overall, a minor positive CH-B is considered likely to have major positive effects significantly less than CH-B. effect is predicted. compared to strategies CH-A and CH-C. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: minor positive Corsham At Corsham 2ha of additional employment land and an Under this strategy no additional employment land Under this strategy 4ha of additional employment land additional 1,485 homes would be allocated at the town. would be allocated at Corsham (there are also no would be allocated at Corsham. Under this strategy an Employment has stagnated during recent years whilst outstanding employment allocations at the town) and a additional 1,165 homes (similar to Strategy B) would be delivery of homes has been relatively high over the same lower amount of additional homes would be allocated allocated. The level of housing proposed will help to period. The level of housing proposed will help to support which, in combination with existing commitments for support local businesses, the town centre and provide an local businesses, the town centre and provide an homes, is predicted to have likely minor positive effects increased supply of local labour. This strategy would allow increased supply of local labour. The allocation of for the town. The level of housing proposed will help to the potential for employment to increase, more in balance additional employment land in combination with the support local businesses, the town centre and provide with housing growth, and therefore result in moderate significant additional housing, would therefore be likely to an increased supply of local labour. positive effects overall. lead to moderate positive effects on this objective. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Devizes Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land would be allocated to Devizes. However, 8.4ha would be allocated at the Devizes. However, 8.4ha would be allocated at the Devizes. However, 8.4ha greenfield employment allocated at Horton Road is yet to greenfield employment allocated at Horton Road is yet greenfield employment allocated at Horton Road is yet to be developed. The significant level of housing proposed to be developed. The lower level of housing proposed be developed. This level of housing proposed, similar to will help to support local businesses, the town centre and will still help to support local businesses, the town CH-B, will help to support local businesses, the town provide an increased supply of local labour. centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. A continuation of the existing strategy with the allocation This strategy is likely to result in minor positive effects. This strategy is likely to result in minor positive effects of significant additional homes is therefore likely to result in minor positive effects. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Malmesbury Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land Under this strategy 0ha of additional employment land would be allocated at Malmesbury. The employment land would be allocated to Malmesbury. This is the same as would be allocated to Malmesbury. This is the same as for available for new and expanding businesses would be for Strategies CH-A and CH-C. The employment land Strategies CH-A and CH-B. The employment land limited but this would be consistent with constraints and available for new and expanding businesses would be available for new and expanding businesses would be the relatively low level of additional homes being limited but this would be consistent with constraints and limited but this would be consistent with constraints and the proposed for the town. There is scope for Dyson to the relatively low level of additional homes being relatively low level of additional homes being proposed for continue to expand but this could put an overreliance on proposed for the town. There is scope for Dyson to the town. There is scope for Dyson to continue to expand a single key business for the plan aspirations to be continue to expand but this could put an overreliance on but this could put an overreliance on a single key business realised. This level of housing proposed will also help to a single key business for the plan aspirations to be for the plan aspirations to be realised. The level of housing support local businesses, the town centre and provide an realised. The level of housing proposed will also help to proposed will also help to support local businesses, the increased supply of local labour. Consequently, this support local businesses, the town centre and provide town centre and provide an increased supply of local strategy is likely to result in minor positive effects. an increased supply of local labour. Consequently, this labour. Consequently, this strategy is also likely to result in strategy is also likely to result in minor positive effects. minor positive effects. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive

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Melksham Under this strategy 2ha of additional employment land Under this strategy no additional employment land Under this strategy 5ha of additional employment land would be allocated at Melksham. Employment has would be allocated at Melksham and there is a lower would be allocated at Melksham and a significant increase increased since 2009 and Hampton Park is largely built provision for new homes. Employment has increased in housing. Employment has increased since 2009 and out so additional employment land would be likely to since 2009 and Hampton Park is largely built out so Hampton Park is largely built out so additional employment have a positive effect, particularly given the strong links additional employment land would be likely to have a land would be a positive, particularly given the strong links with the A350 transport corridor. However, whether this positive effect, particularly given the strong links with with the A350 transport corridor. However, as with Strategy would be sufficient to balance the growth of the the A350 transport corridor. This increase in CH-A, whether this would be sufficient to balance the significant number of new homes proposed or meet employment seen in recent years may slow, however, growth of new homes or meet demand from interested demand from interested businesses is unclear. This level depending on scope for expansion within existing businesses is unclear. This significant level of housing of housing proposed will also help to support local businesses. This level of housing proposed will help to proposed will also strongly support local businesses, the businesses, the town centre and provide an increased support local businesses, the town centre and provide town centre and provide an increased supply of local supply of local labour. It is considered that this strategy an increased supply of local labour. It is considered that labour. It is considered that this strategy would have would have likely minor positive effects – benefits would this strategy would have likely minor positive effects – moderate positive effects. This would be more positive be greater if the level of employment proposed was benefits would be greater if the level of employment compared to Strategy CH-A and Strategy CH-B. higher. proposed was higher. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of HMA Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy no employment land would be allocated allocated for the Rest of the HMA. This would mean a allocated for the Rest of the HMA. This would mean a for the Rest of the HMA. This would mean a continuation of continuation of the existing provision of employment land continuation of the existing provision of employment the existing provision of employment land to meet local to meet local needs. The level of housing proposed is land to meet local needs. The level of housing proposed needs. The level of housing proposed is likely to help to likely to help to support local businesses, rural services is likely to help to support local businesses, rural support local businesses, rural services and facilities and and facilities and provide an increased supply of local services and facilities and provide an increased supply provide an increased supply of local labour. It is therefore labour. It is therefore likely that Strategy CH-A would of local labour. It is therefore likely that Strategy CH-B likely that Strategy CH-C would have minor positive effects. have minor positive effects. would have minor positive effects. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.3 Overall, taking into account the assessment across 1.3 Overall, taking into account the assessment across 1.3 Overall, taking into account the assessment across all score for all settlements/areas, minor positive effects are all settlements/areas, minor positive effects are settlements/areas, minor positive effects are considered this SA considered likely for this strategy. considered likely for this strategy. likely for this strategy. objective Conclusion/Recommendations:

Overall, strategies CH-A, CH-B and CH-C score equally well and are the most sustainable strategies, although significant benefits overall are not considered likely.

The moderate positive scores for Calne and Corsham for CH-A, major positive score for Chippenham for CH-B and moderate positive scores for Corsham and Melksham for CH-C have contributed to these strategies being considered the most sustainable with little difference between them in sustainability terms.

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For CH-C, the distribution for Calne is considered to have negative impacts as the lack of additional employment land could result in an imbalance with the significant number of homes delivered in recent years.

Future employment growth at Devizes, Calne and Corsham should be balanced, commensurate with housing development. Loss of employment land in these areas should be resisted.

The level of housing proposed has also played a part in the assessment because higher levels of housing, whilst it may contribute to out-commuting if there are insufficient local employment opportunities, is also likely to help to support local businesses, town centres and rural services and facilities and provide an increased supply of local labour.

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Annex I - Chippenham Housing Market Area (HMA) - Assessment of Emerging Preferred Strategy

Settlement/area Emerging Preferred Strategy Housing Employment (ha) Calne 1610 4 Chippenham 9225 5 Corsham 815 0 Devizes 1330 0 Malmesbury 665 0 Melksham 3950 0 Rest of HMA 2805 0 TOTAL 20400 9

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Avoid potential adverse impacts of development on local biodiversity and geodiversity? 2. Protect and enhance designated and non-designated sites, priority species and habitats and protected species? 3. Ensure that all new developments protect Local Geological Sites (LGSs) from development? 4. Aid in the delivery of a network of multifunctional Green Infrastructure? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to but less significant than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Minor adverse effects considered likely overall.

Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse

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Melksham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this emerging strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 Minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Chippenham, Melksham and Corsham, although impacts at Corsham are likely to be less when compared with previous strategies as the housing requirement has reduced to 815 dwellings. Chippenham and Melksham will be delivering the majority of growth, therefore are likely to experience the greatest effects against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings.

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Ensure development maximises the efficient use of land? 2. Maximise the reuse of Previously Developed Land? 3. Encourage remediation of contaminated land? If so, would this lead to issues of viability and deliverability? 4. Result in the permanent loss of the Best and Most Versatile Agricultural land (Grades 1, 2, 3a)? 5. Lead to the sterilisation of viable mineral resources? If so, is there potential to extract the mineral resource as part of the development? 6. Support the provision of sustainable waste management facilities and include measures to help reduce the amount of waste generated by development through integrated recycling infrastructure? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to but less significant than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. This strategy would deliver 225 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Moderate adverse effects considered likely overall as Devizes is the most constrained settlement in the HMA with regards the proportion of BMV agricultural land adjacent to the urban area. Likely effects: moderate adverse Malmesbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this emerging strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 Minor adverse effects

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Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Chippenham, Melksham and Devizes, although impacts at Devizes are likely to be less when compared with previous strategies as the housing requirement has reduced to 1330 dwellings. Chippenham and Melksham will be delivering the majority of growth, therefore are likely to experience the greatest effects against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Protect surface, ground and drinking water quantity/quality? 2. Direct development to sites where adequate water supply, foul drainage, sewage treatment facilities and surface water drainage is available? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to but less significant than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. This strategy would deliver 225 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Minor adverse effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this emerging strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.1 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Chippenham due to the scale of growth which is likely to lead to significant pressures on the local water network and water protection areas.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and reduce all sources of environmental pollution.

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ)

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1. Minimise and, where possible, improve on unacceptable levels of noise, light pollution, odour, and vibration? 2. Reduce impacts on, and work towards improving and locating sensitive development away from areas likely to experience poorer air quality due to high levels of traffic and poor air dispersal? 3. Lie within a consultation risk zone for a major hazard site or hazardous installation? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Chippenham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to but less significant than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Minor adverse effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Chippenham, Melksham and Calne. Chippenham and Melksham will be delivering the majority of growth, therefore are likely to experience the greatest effects against this objective. Calne has an established Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) in the town centre which may be adversely affected by the level of growth proposed.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise our impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce our vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation).

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Maximise the creation and utilisation of renewable energy opportunities, including low carbon community infrastructure such as district heating? 2. Be located within Flood Zones 2 or 3? If so, are there alternative sites in the area within Flood Zone 1 that can be allocated in preference to developing land in Flood Zones 2 or 3? (To be determined through the application of the Sequential Test). 3. Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere? 4. Promote and deliver resilient development that is capable of adapting to the predicted effects of climate change, including increasing temperatures and rainfall, through design e.g. rainwater harvesting, Sustainable Drainage Systems, permeable paving etc? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Chippenham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above.

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Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to but less significant than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Minor adverse effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this emerging strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 Minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Chippenham, Melksham and Calne. Calne has a moderately high level of growth under this scenario. Any new growth would need to consider the surface water flooding events experienced across the town. Chippenham and Melksham will be delivering the majority of growth, therefore are likely to experience the greatest effects against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Conserve or enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? 2. Maintain and enhance the character and distinctiveness of settlements through high quality and appropriate design, taking into account the management objectives of Conservation Areas?

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Malmesbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this emerging strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 minor adverse Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Chippenham, Melksham and Corsham, although impacts at Corsham are likely to be less when compared with previous strategies as the housing requirement has reduced to 815 dwellings. Chippenham and Melksham will be delivering the majority of growth, therefore are likely to experience the greatest effects against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Minimise impact on and where appropriate enhance nationally designated landscapes and their settings and locally valued landscapes? 2. Protect rights of way, public open space and common land?

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to but less significant than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Minor adverse effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this emerging strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: moderate adverse

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Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Chippenham, Corsham and the Rest of the HMA. Impacts at Corsham are likely to be less when compared with previous strategies as the housing requirement has reduced to 815 dwellings. The higher growth for the Rest of the HMA under the emerging strategy when compared with Standard Method may have significant landscape effects due to the presence of large national designations (AONB) as well as locally-valued landscapes.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall benefits considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so benefits are likely to be reduced. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: minor positive Chippenham Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so benefits are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: major positive Corsham Overall benefits considered likely to be similar to but with fewer benefits than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor positive Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy and therefore fewer benefits. Minor positive effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor positive Malmesbury Overall benefits considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so beneficial effects are likely to be fewer. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor positive Melksham Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: major positive Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: + 1.3 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor benefits likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant benefits are Chippenham and Melksham as they will be delivering the majority of growth. The other settlements will experience fewer benefits as all of the housing requirements are lower than for comparable strategies.

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The Rest of the HMA is likely to experience adverse effects overall as the continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth at small and large villages is likely to exacerbate affordability issues in these parts of the rural area.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so benefits are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: minor positive Chippenham Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so the benefits are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: major positive Corsham Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to but fewer than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor positive Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Minor benefits considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor positive Malmesbury Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so benefits are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor positive Melksham Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so benefits will be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: major positive Rest of HMA Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 1.6 moderate positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Moderate positive effects are likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant beneficial effects against this objective are Chippenham and Melksham as they will be delivering the majority of growth. Beneficial effects at all of the other settlements and rural area are likely to be less as a result of a lower housing requirement.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ)

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1. Promote mixed use developments, in accessible locations, that reduce the need to travel and reliance on the private car? 2. Provide suitable access and not significantly exacerbate issues of local transport capacity (unless there is evidence that such impacts can be mitigated)? 3. Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure? 4. Provide the opportunity to create additional sustainable transport infrastructure including safe active travel?

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Calne Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 140 fewer homes and 1Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Chippenham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Corsham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to but less significant than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Minor adverse effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Malmesbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Melksham Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this emerging strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.3 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Chippenham and Melksham as they will be delivering the majority of the growth. Adverse effects at all of the other settlements are likely to be less significant as growth levels are lower.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

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Chippenham Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 540 fewer homes and 2Ha less employment land so benefits are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: major positive Corsham Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to but less significant than Standard Method Strategy CH-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor positive Devizes Housing requirement of 1330 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy CH-B which is the most comparable strategy. Minor positive effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor positive Malmesbury Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy CH-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 90 fewer homes so benefits are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy CH-B above. Likely effects: minor positive Melksham Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy CH-C but this emerging strategy is without the 5Ha of employment land so adverse effects are likely to be less significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy CH-C above. Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of HMA Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies CH-A and CH-B. Refer to those assessment findings above. Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 1.6 moderate positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Moderate positive effects are considered likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant benefits against this objective are Chippenham, Melksham and Calne. Chippenham and Melksham will be delivering the majority of growth, therefore are likely to experience the greatest benefits against this objective. Calne would be allocated 4Ha of employment land in this emerging strategy which would help local businesses to expand and may attract inward investment. However, the other settlements and rural areas would only have minor benefits from their allocated growth.

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Annex I - Salisbury Housing Market Area (HMA) - SA of Alternative Development Strategies (Local Housing Needs Assessment)

Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) - Rolling forward the core strategy with employment allocations in Salisbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall.

Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) - Amesbury, Tidworth/Ludgershall constrained to reflect current commitments, while Rest of HMA reflects assessed need (i.e. -11%). The rest is directed to Salisbury (6,650).

Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of the HMA) - housing at Amesbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall reflect current commitments, Salisbury reflects assessed need (i.e. -11%). Remainder focused to rural area.

Strategy SA – D (New Community) - Housing at all settlements is constrained to commitments. Recognises employment growth at Boscombe and Porton and directs housing growth to a new community related to this economic potential.

Proposed distribution of housing and employment requirements – Salisbury HMA Settlement Strategy SA – A Strategy SA – B Strategy SA – C Strategy SA – D (Current Strategy) (Salisbury Focus) (Focus on Rest of the (New Community) HMA) Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Amesbury 2170 0 1230 0 1230 0 1230 0 Salisbury/Wilton 5390 8 6650 10 5390 3.5 4900 2 Tidworth/Ludgershall 1555 2 1210 0 1210 0.5 1210 0 New Community 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 8 Rest of HMA 1855 0 1885 0 3145 6 1635 0 TOTAL 10975 10 10975 10 10975 10 10975 10

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

Salisbury/Wilton - The River Avon Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) runs through Wilton from the north and west into Salisbury which acts as a significant European Protected Species (EPS) hotspot for otters, Desmoulin’s whorl snail, bats and non-EPS including water vole and Schedule 1 birds. However, development within the catchment of the River Avon SAC will be constrained by the Memorandum of Understanding with Environment Agency and Natural England implemented to prevent negative effects on the SAC due to phosphates. The Porton Down Special Protection Area (SPA) lies 7km to the north east, Salisbury Plain SAC/SPA lies 12km north and the New Forest SPA roughly 10km to the south. Depending on the location of growth, additional housing may lead to increased recreational disturbance upon breeding birds on Salisbury Plain and in the New Forest. Furthermore, Bemerton Heath & Barnard’s Folly Local Nature Reserve (LNR) and Avon Valley LNR lie within or adjacent to Salisbury. There are numerous County Wildlife Sites (CWS) and Habitats of Primary Importance (HPI) nearby.

Amesbury - With regards to statutory designations, the River Avon SAC runs north to south on the west side of Amesbury. Furthermore, part of Salisbury Plain SPA/SSSI lies approximately 2km to the east. There are also a number of non-statutory designations including Boscombe Down Railway Line CWS and several other CWSs associated with the river floodplain to the west. There are also some protected species hotspots, namely for water voles, otters, crayfish and birds associated with the River Avon and Stone Curlew plots on arable land near Amesbury.

Tidworth/Ludgershall - With regards to statutory designations, the Salisbury Plan SAC/SPA/SSSI lies to the immediate west of Tidworth. Furthermore, allocations at Ludgershall are within the visitor catchment of the Salisbury Plain and therefore pose a risk through recreational pressure particularly when considered in combination without other planned growth and projects such as the Army Basing Programme (ABP).

Rest of the HMA - Some areas in the Rest of the HMA are designated SSSIs, SACs, and/or SPAs or contain important habitats including ancient woodland. This includes the Salisbury Plain SPA/SSSI, River Avon SAC and Porton Down SPA.

At Porton-Boscombe Down, there is Salisbury Plain SPA/SAC to the north, the River Avon SAC to the west, Porton Down SPA/SAC to the east, and Porton Meadows SSSI in the vicinity. The area also lies in close proximity to the non-statutory designations of Boscombe Down Railway Line LWS, Idmiston Down LWS and Countess Farm Swamp LWS.

DAQ 2: Ensure that all new developments protect Local Geological Sites (LGSs) from development? There are no LGSs (formerly Regional Sites of Geological Importance, or RIGs) in close proximity to the market towns in the Salisbury HMA.

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Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury Strategy SA-A proposes a modest level Under SA-B the highest level of growth is Growth levels proposed at Growth levels proposed at Salisbury/Wilton in of growth for Salisbury/Wilton with an directed at Salisbury/ Wilton. Due to the Salisbury/Wilton in all strategies are all strategies are considered to be significant additional quantum of employment number of ecologically sensitive considered to be significant due to the due to the number of ecologically sensitive land. Due to the number of ecologically designations within and in close proximity number of ecologically sensitive designations within and in close proximity to sensitive designations within and in to Salisbury/Wilton, including significant designations within and in close proximity Salisbury/Wilton, including significant River close proximity to Salisbury/Wilton, River Avon SAC phosphate issues, to Salisbury/Wilton, including significant Avon SAC phosphate issues. including significant River Avon SAC moderate adverse effects are considered River Avon SAC phosphate issues. Moderate adverse effects are considered likely phosphate issues, moderate adverse likely with mitigation considered to be Moderate adverse effects are considered with mitigation considered to be problematic. effects are considered likely with problematic. likely with mitigation considered to be mitigation considered to be problematic. problematic.

Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth SA-A proposes higher levels of housing Lower level of growth to SA-A. Likely minor Lower level of growth to SA-A. Likely Lower level of growth to SA-A. Likely minor and and employment at Tidworth and adverse effects due to the potential minor adverse effects due to the potential adverse effects due to the potential Ludgershall Ludgershall. Given the proximity of the recreational impacts on the Salisbury Plain recreational impacts on the Salisbury recreational impacts on the Salisbury Plain settlement to Salisbury Plain SAC/SPA/SSSI. Plain SAC/SPA/SSSI. SAC/SPA/SSSI. SAC/SPA/SSSI and potential for recreational impacts, moderate adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment At Porton/Boscombe Down there are a number settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this of statutory designations likely to be in close strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. proximity. At this stage, due to uncertainties on the location of any new settlement, it is difficult to assess the degree of likely effect on this objective. Further ecological assessments would be critical to make an informed decision. However, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. This judgement would be deemed more significant but for the fact that, with a new settlement, it is estimated that mitigation could successfully be delivered to reduce any impacts. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Due to the broad geographical area of Due to the broad geographical area Due to the broad geographical area Due to the broad geographical area covered HMA Rest of HMA, it may be possible for associated with Rest of HMA, it may be covered by Rest of HMA, it may be by Rest of HMA, it may be possible for development to avoid areas of possible for development to avoid areas of possible for development to avoid areas development to avoid areas of biodiversity ecological sensitivity. However, as at biodiversity sensitivity. However, as at this of biodiversity sensitivity. However, under sensitivity. However, as at this stage no sites this stage no sites have been identified, stage, no sites have been identified, minor SA-C, growth quanta for the rural areas have been identified, minor adverse effects on minor adverse effects on this objective adverse effects on this objective are would be significantly higher than the this objective are indicated. are indicated. deemed likely. other alternatives. For this reason,

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moderate adverse effects on this objective are more likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.4 SA-A is likely to lead to minor -1.0 SA-B is likely to lead to minor -1.2 SA-C is likely to lead to minor -1.2 SA-D is likely to lead to minor adverse score for adverse effects, due to the potential adverse effects, due to the potential adverse effects, due to the potential effects due to the potential impact of this SA impact of designated sites such as the impact of designated sites such as the impact of designated sites such as the designated sites such as the Salisbury Plain Salisbury Plain SSSI/SAC, Porton Salisbury Plain SSSI/SAC, Porton Down Salisbury Plain SSSI/SAC, Porton Down SSSI/SAC, Porton Down SPA/SSSI, River objective Down SPA/SSSI, River Avon SPA/SSSI, River Avon SSSI/SAC and New SPA/SSSI, River Avon SSSI/SAC and Avon SSSI/SAC and New Forest NPA. SSSI/SAC and New Forest NPA. Forest NPA. New Forest NPA. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategy SA-B scores marginally better and is the most sustainable strategy against this objective.

Strategy SA-A is considered the least sustainable option with significant adverse effects likely in Amesbury, Salisbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall.

Biodiversity issues in the Salisbury HMA are mainly focused on the Salisbury Plain SPA/SAC and SSSI and the River Avon SAC, which are likely to be a factor in decisions on any future development locations. This is particularly noteworthy in the Salisbury/Wilton area where the highest levels of growth are proposed, being the Principal Settlement – for this reason, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all growth scenarios at Salisbury.

Adverse impacts are likely in relation to all settlements as there are a considerable number of important ecological designations in the area. The location of any new development sites is not known at this stage and so a more precise likelihood of effects is difficult to predict.

With regard to further work, a New Forest Visitor Survey will need to be commissioned for development in the visitor catchment distance of the New Forest SPA and the Salisbury Plain Mitigation Strategy should be updated in light of new evidence and changes to projected growth in the visitor catchment of the SPA.

At the current time, the Environment Agency and Natural England advise that all development within the River Avon catchment should be ‘phosphate neutral’ for an interim period until 2025. Beyond this time an approach will take account of water company planning, as well as latest Government policy and legislation. This is to guard against a further worsening of the condition of the River Avon SAC. An annex of the Nutrient Management Plan will explain measures to help deliver phosphate neutral development and how they will be delivered.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Ensure efficient use of land? The design of specific developments will involve setting appropriate housing densities for development and will be part of the planning process at a later stage. At this stage of the process, it is not possible to comment on the design and density of developments.

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Currently, four sites have been determined as contaminated land and remediated. The remediation of contaminated land will be principally addressed through the planning process where former sites change their use.

DAQ 4: Result in the permanent loss of the best and most versatile agricultural land (Grades 1, 2, 3a)? The majority of the land surrounding the built-up area of Salisbury is classified as Grade 3 (good to moderate) agricultural land, with some spokes of Grade 4 (poor) extending outwards around the River Bourne, Avon and Nadder. There are also some small patches of Grade 2 to the north west, north east, south east and south.

At Amesbury, while the area around the River Avon which runs from north to south on the western side of the settlement is classified as Grade 4 agricultural land, the majority of land within and outside Amesbury is Grade 3 apart from patches of Grade 2 to the north and north east.

While Tidworth lies in an area of non-agricultural land, Ludgershall is surrounded by mainly Grade 3 agricultural land with the western side being non-agricultural.

Excluding the urban areas, the majority of the Rest of the HMA including potentially the area of Porton – Boscombe Down is classified as being Grade 3 agricultural land, with some strips of Grade 2 and Grade 4 land around the rivers. The majority of Grade 2 land lies within the Tisbury Community Area.

DAQ 5: Lead to the sterilisation of viable mineral resources? If so, is there potential to extract the mineral resource as part of the development? With regards to mineral resources, there is a Minerals Safeguarding Area (MSA) covering the east of Wilton and west of Salisbury, and another covering the south east of Salisbury.

There is a Mineral Resource Block extending north from Amesbury along the River Avon.

There is a Mineral Resource Block to the south of Tidworth.

There are some MSAs, particularly in the Tisbury and the Southern Wiltshire Community Areas, as well as some strips of Minerals Resource Blocks. Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury This strategy proposes a much higher This strategy proposes lower levels of This strategy proposes lower levels of This strategy proposes lower levels of level of housing growth proportional to housing growth compared to SA-A. This housing growth compared to SA-A. This housing growth compared to SA-A. This the settlement. This strategy will likely strategy will likely require development of strategy will likely require development of strategy will likely require development of require development of more greenfield greenfield land due to the very limited greenfield land due to the very limited greenfield land due to the very limited land due to the very limited amount of amount of PDL in Amesbury. amount of PDL in Amesbury. amount of PDL in Amesbury. PDL in Amesbury. It would be possible for development to It would be possible for development to It would be possible for development to avoid It would be possible for development to avoid areas of BMV and MSAs. avoid areas of BMV and MSAs. areas of BMV and MSAs. avoid areas of BMV and MSAs. Minor adverse effects on this objective are Minor adverse effects on this objective Minor adverse effects on this objective are Minor adverse effects on this objective likely. are likely. likely. are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury All strategies for Salisbury propose All strategies for Salisbury propose All strategies for Salisbury propose All strategies for Salisbury propose significant levels of growth which is likely significant levels of growth which is likely to significant levels of growth which is likely significant levels of growth which is likely to to take place primarily on greenfield land take place primarily on greenfield land due to take place primarily on greenfield land take place primarily on greenfield land due to due to a lack of PDL. to a lack of PDL. due to a lack of PDL. a lack of PDL.

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It is possible that development could It is possible that development could avoid It is possible that development could It is possible that development could avoid avoid significant loss of BMV land and significant loss of BMV land and avoid the avoid significant loss of BMV land and significant loss of BMV land and avoid the avoid the MSA areas. MSA areas. avoid the MSA areas. MSA areas. However, due to the scale of likely growth However, due to the scale of likely growth However, due to the scale of likely growth However, due to the scale of likely growth and problematic mitigation, moderate and problematic mitigation, moderate and problematic mitigation, moderate and problematic mitigation, moderate adverse effects are likely. adverse effects are likely. adverse effects are likely. adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Due to the lack of BMV land surrounding Due to the lack of BMV land surrounding Due to the lack of BMV land surrounding Due to the lack of BMV land surrounding and Tidworth/Ludgershall, it is considered Tidworth/Ludgershall, it is considered likely Tidworth/Ludgershall, it is considered Tidworth/Ludgershall, it is considered likely Ludgershall likely that significant loss of BMV land that significant loss of BMV land could be likely that significant loss of BMV land that significant loss of BMV land could be could be avoided but due to lack of PDL, avoided but due to lack of PDL, significant could be avoided but due to lack of PDL, avoided but due to lack of PDL, significant significant greenfield development will be greenfield development will be needed. significant greenfield development will be greenfield development will be needed. needed. Furthermore, it is unlikely that Furthermore, it is unlikely that MSA will be needed. Furthermore, it is unlikely that Furthermore, it is unlikely that MSA will be MSA will be affected. affected. MSA will be affected. affected. Minor adverse effects likely. Minor adverse effects likely. Minor adverse effects likely. Minor adverse effects likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment In the Porton/Boscombe Down area, whilst settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this the airfield is military land and non- strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. agricultural, the rest of the area would pose a risk of losing BMV land. However, the military site may be an area of potential contamination risk. While this presents the opportunity for remediating contaminated land, this could affect the viability and deliverability of the site, were this land to be developed. Overall, as greenfield land and agricultural land could well be required for the development, a minor adverse impact on this objective is deemed likely. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Due to the presence of MSAs, Mineral Due to the presence of MSAs, Mineral This strategy proposes a much higher Due to the presence of MSAs, Mineral HMA Resource Blocks and BMV land in the Resource Blocks and BMV land in the Rest quantum of growth than the other Resource Blocks and BMV land in the Rest Rest of the HMA, the potential for likely of the HMA, the potential for any strategies and is therefore likely to lead to of the HMA, the potential for any adverse effects is dependent on where moderate/major negative effects are greater effects. Due to the presence of moderate/major negative effects is growth is located. Furthermore, as the dependent on where growth is located. MSAs, Mineral Resource Blocks and dependent on where growth is located. majority of the Rest of the HMA is Furthermore, as the majority of the Rest of BMV land in the Rest of the HMA, the Furthermore, as the majority of the Rest of classified as Grade 3 land, further the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, potential for any moderate/major negative the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, assessment would be needed to further assessment would be needed to effects is dependent on where growth is further assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and located. Furthermore, as the majority of distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade Grade 3b to understand the extent of Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV the Rest of the HMA is classified as 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. BMV land. Regardless, due to the likely land. Regardless, due to the likely loss of Grade 3 land, further assessment would Regardless, due to the likely loss of greenfield land, minor adverse effects are be needed to distinguish the areas of greenfield land, minor adverse effects are

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loss of greenfield land, minor adverse likely. This strategy proposes an equal Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand likely. A lower level of growth is proposed effects are likely. quantum to the roll forward and would the extent of BMV land. through this strategy and it is therefore likely therefore be likely to lead to a similar Moderate adverse effects are likely. that a lesser effect would result from this effect. strategy. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.0 At this stage no sites have been -1.0 At this stage no sites have been -1.2 At this stage no sites have been -1.2 At this stage no sites have been score for allocated which makes it difficult to allocated which makes it difficult to advise allocated which makes it difficult to allocated which makes it difficult to advise this SA advise how a particular development how a particular development strategy will advise how a particular development how a particular development strategy will strategy will affect this objective. While affect this objective. While there may be strategy will affect this objective. While affect this objective. Overall, there is likely to objective there may be developable areas in each developable areas in each settlement there may be developable areas in each be a minor adverse effect on SA objective 2 settlement which are able to avoid BMV which are able to avoid BMV land, overall, settlement which are able to avoid BMV due to the anticipated loss of greenfield land land, overall, there is likely to be a minor there is likely to be a minor adverse effect land, overall, there is likely to be a minor in the Porton-Boscombe Down area and in adverse effect on SA objective 2 due to on SA objective 2 due to the anticipated adverse effect on SA objective 2 due to Rest of HMA. the anticipated loss of greenfield land. loss of greenfield land. the anticipated loss of greenfield land.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-B score equally and are the most sustainable strategies against this objective.

Strategies SA-C and SA-D score equally and are considered the least sustainable options with greater adverse effects likely.

There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land and will potentially lead to the loss of Best and Most Versatile (BMV) agricultural land (Grades 1, 2 and 3a). However, without knowing the exact location of growth and the extent of what BMV land is required, it is anticipated that negative effects will occur in all strategies.

Uncertainties also exist regarding the potential for negative effects on mineral resources and the potential for contaminating and remediating land.

Tidworth/Ludgershall, and possibly the Boscombe Down element, present areas which are less constrained in the context of objective 2 due to tracts of military land, therefore implying a lower risk of agricultural land loss.

As Strategy SA-C focuses a much higher level of development around Rest of HMA, it is likely to result in the diffuse loss of greenfield/BMV land.

Strategy SA-B, with its’ greater focus on Salisbury, is also likely to lead to significant adverse effects at Salisbury. It is known that there is comparatively little scope for re-use of PDL in Salisbury. However, all strategies, given the main focus of growth at the Principal Settlement, are considered likely to have significant effects.

To achieve better sustainability outcomes against this objective, new development should try to maximise use of PDL and avoid areas of BMV, where possible. And development at higher densities would help to reduce loss of greenfield land.

The majority of the HMA is Grade 3 land. Therefore, in order to identify which areas are more suitable for development and less likely to lead to adverse effects, further assessment is likely to be needed to distinguish between Grade 3a land and Grade 3b land.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Protect surface, ground and drinking water quality? Salisbury/Wilton is surrounded by several Source Protection Zones. These are a mix of Zones 1 (Inner Protection Zone), 2 (Outer Protection Zone) and 3 (Total Catchment). These are positioned to the east/north east of Salisbury, beyond Laverstock; to the north of Salisbury, beyond Old Sarum; to the west of Salisbury, north of Wilton; and to the south west of Wilton. There is one Drinking Water Protection Area to the south/south east of Salisbury. Additionally, there is a Drinking Water Safeguarding Zone (Surface) to the east of Salisbury and a Drinking Water Safeguarding Area (Groundwater) to the north of Salisbury and to the south west of Wilton.

Amesbury is subject to a Source Protection Zone to the south east. This is a Zone 3 (Total Catchment Zone). Further to the south a Source Protection Zone 2 (Outer Protection Zone) and a Drinking Water Safeguard Zone (Groundwater) are apparent.

Boscombe/Porton has a Source Protection Zone 3 (Total Catchment) to the west and north west. This is to the south east of Amesbury. Further to the south of Amesbury is a Source Protection Zone 2 (Outer Protection Zone) and a Drinking Water Safeguard Zone (Groundwater).

Tidworth/Ludgershall is subject to large amount of water protection. Tidworth and its surrounds are covered by Source Protection Zones: Zone 1 (Inner Protection Zone), Zone 2 (Outer Protection Zone) and Zone 3 (Total Catchment). Additionally, a Drinking Water Safeguard Zone (Groundwater) is apparent. Ludgershall and its surrounds are subject to a Drinking Water Safeguard Zone (Surface Water). This spreads beyond the settlement to the south. Source Protection Zone 3 (Total Catchment) is apparent to the east of the settlement.

Rest of the HMA - while there are rural areas in the HMA which are within Source Protection Zones or Drinking Water Protected Areas, there are also plenty of areas in the countryside where development could occur without posing a risk to water resources.

DAQ 2: Direct development to sites where adequate water supply, foul drainage, sewage treatment facilities and surface water drainage is available? Wessex Water have stated that they plan to invest in Salisbury to reduce phosphates and provide additional capacity between 2020 and 2025. This is expected to lead to an extension of the operational site. There is a moderate probability that rolling forward the current strategy would require construction works to accommodate development.

At Amesbury, there are currently no plans to invest further into the water network by Wessex Water, as works to increase capacity were undertaken prior to 2015. There is a significant probability that rolling forward the current strategy would require construction works to accommodate development.

Amesbury Amesbury is subject to a Source Amesbury is subject to a Source Protection Amesbury is subject to a Source Protection Amesbury is subject to a Source Protection Protection Zone to the south east but Zone to the south east but located at Zone to the south east but located at Zone to the south east but located at located at Boscombe Down airfield. Boscombe Down airfield. This strategy Boscombe Down airfield. This strategy Boscombe Down airfield. This strategy This strategy proposes a significantly proposes a significantly higher level of proposes a significantly higher level of proposes a significantly higher level of higher level of growth at Amesbury. growth at Amesbury. There are currently no growth at Amesbury. There are currently no growth at Amesbury. There are currently There are currently no plans to invest plans to invest in the water network in the plans to invest in the water network in the no plans to invest in the water network in in the water network in the area so the area so there are uncertainties

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there are uncertainties regarding the area so there are uncertainties regarding the area so there are uncertainties regarding the regarding the water network capacity in this water network capacity in this water network capacity in this strategy. water network capacity in this strategy. strategy. strategy. Minor adverse effects are likely across all Minor adverse effects are likely across all Minor adverse effects are likely across all Minor adverse effects are likely strategies. strategies. strategies. across all strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury All strategies propose a significant All strategies propose a significant level of All strategies propose a significant level of All strategies propose a significant level of level of growth at Salisbury which has growth at Salisbury which has a number of growth at Salisbury which has a number of growth at Salisbury which has a number of a number of water protection water protection designations including Zone water protection designations including Zone water protection designations including designations including Zone 1 SPZ 1 SPZ and Drinking Water Safeguarding 1 SPZ and Drinking Water Safeguarding Zone 1 SPZ and Drinking Water and Drinking Water Safeguarding Zones. Zones. Safeguarding Zones. Zones. Salisbury is subject to planned future Salisbury is subject to planned future Salisbury is subject to planned future Salisbury is subject to planned future investment in water resources - Wessex investment in water resources - Wessex investment in water resources - Wessex investment in water resources - Water have stated that they plan to invest in Water have stated that they plan to invest in Water have stated that they plan to invest Wessex Water have stated that they Salisbury to reduce phosphates and provide Salisbury to reduce phosphates and provide in Salisbury to reduce phosphates and plan to invest in Salisbury to reduce additional capacity between 2020 and 2025 - additional capacity between 2020 and 2025 - provide additional capacity between 2020 phosphates and provide additional so there may be an opportunity to continue so there may be an opportunity to continue and 2025 - so there may be an opportunity capacity between 2020 and 2025 - so improvements to the water network. improvements to the water network. to continue improvements to the water there may be an opportunity to However, due to the scale of growth However, due to the scale of growth network. continue improvements to the water proposed, moderate adverse effects are proposed, moderate adverse effects are However, due to the scale of growth network. considered likely. considered likely. proposed, moderate adverse effects are However, due to the scale of growth considered likely. proposed, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth This strategy proposes a higher level This strategy proposes a lower level of This strategy proposes a lower level of This strategy proposes a lower level of and of proportional growth at Tidworth/ proportional growth at Tidworth/ Ludgershall. proportional growth at Tidworth/ Ludgershall. proportional growth at Tidworth/ Ludgershall Ludgershall. Due to the lack of However, due to the lack of investment plans However, due to the lack of investment plans Ludgershall. However, due to the lack of investment plans at the settlements at the settlements as well as having a large at the settlements as well as having a large investment plans at the settlements as well as well as having a large amount of amount of water protection designations in water protection designations in and amount of water protection designations in as having a large amount of water and around the settlement, including a and around the settlement, including a protection designations in and around the around the settlement, including a Drinking Water Safeguard Zone and a Zone Drinking Water Safeguard Zone and a Drinking Water Safeguard Zone and a Zone settlement, including a Drinking Water 1 Source Protection Zone, it is likely that Zone 1 Source Protection Zone, it is 1 Source Protection Zone, it is likely that Safeguard Zone and a Zone 1 Source there would be moderate adverse effects. likely that there would be moderate there would be moderate adverse effects. Protection Zone, it is likely that there would adverse effects. be moderate adverse effects. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment The main concerns with a new settlement settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this at Boscombe/Porton relate to the potential strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. impacts on the water network capacity. There are currently no plans to invest

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further into the local water network by Wessex Water at Amesbury, which is the closest settlement positioned near to Boscombe/Porton. However, this strategy proposes high levels of growth that would require new infrastructure. As a result, it is likely there could be moderate adverse effects. This strategy proposes growth in a different location to those which form part of the current strategy and so an increased effect on this area is likely in comparison. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of Due to the potential impact on the Due to the potential impact on the rural Due to the potential impact on the rural Due to the potential impact on the rural HMA rural drainage system and water drainage system and water protection zones, drainage system and water protection zones, drainage system and water protection protection zones, minor adverse a minor adverse effect on the Rest of the a moderate adverse effect in the Rest of the zones, a minor adverse effect in the Rest effects are the Rest of the HMA is HMA is considered likely. This strategy HMA is considered likely. Furthermore, as of the HMA is considered likely. This considered likely. proposes the equivalent of SA-A and this strategy proposes the highest level of strategy proposes a lower level of growth therefore a similar effect is likely. housing and employment growth in the Rest when compared to SA-A and SA-B and so of the HMA, the risk of negative impacts a lesser effect is likely. occurring in the rural areas is greater. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.2 Due to uncertainties regarding -1.2 Due to uncertainties regarding the -1.4 Due to uncertainties regarding the -1.6 Due to uncertainty regarding the score for the precise location of development precise location of development and the precise location of development and the location of a new settlement, at this stage it this SA and the potential for additional potential for additional investment in potential for additional investment in is unclear what effects could be on the investment in infrastructure, it is infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the local water network. Recent improvements objective difficult to assess the potential impact potential impact on water resources in potential impact on water resources in to the water network at Amesbury, which is on water resources. However, due to Salisbury and the Rest of the HMA. Despite Salisbury and the Rest of the HMA. Despite in close proximity to Boscombe Down, the presence of Drinking Water planned water network improvements at planned water network improvements at suggests that there are limited Safeguard Areas and Source Salisbury, a minor adverse effect on SA Salisbury, a minor adverse effect on SA opportunities to manage/mitigate pressure Protection Zones in Tidworth/ objective 3 is considered likely due to objective 3 is considered likely due to from future development of such scale of Ludgershall, a minor adverse effect uncertainties of impacts in the rural area. uncertainties of impacts in the rural area. development. Overall, it is likely that this on SA objective 3 is considered likely. strategy would have a moderate adverse effect on Objective 3. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-B score equally and are the most sustainable strategies against this objective as they will have fewer adverse effects.

Strategy SA-D is considered the least sustainable option with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely.

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There are areas in the HMA which lie within Source Protection Zones and Drinking Water Safeguard Areas which would need to be considered if development was allocated in that area. Furthermore, additional development beyond what is already planned for may require further investment in infrastructure, although until sites have been allocated it is difficult to know whether capacity issues will already have been addressed by planned improvements or whether further works will be required.

Tidworth/Ludgershall is the settlement which is considered to be the most constrained with regards to the protection of water resources, as the areas has a Zone 1 Source Protection Zone, a Drinking Water Safeguard Zone and Wessex Water have not outlined any plans to invest in the local water network at Tidworth/Ludgershall.

Recent improvements were made at Amesbury to increase capacity of the local water network. In addition to this, there are planned investments by Wessex Water to reduce phosphates and increase capacity of the water network at Salisbury.

Development at the rural areas is most likely to require additional investment as Wessex Water’s planned improvement works are focused on the towns. As a result, development in the Rest of the HMA poses a risk ensuring capacity of the water network.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Mini mise and, where possible, improve on unacceptable levels of noise, light pollution, odour, and vibration? At this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options with relation to noise, light pollution, odour and vibration. Although, any level of development is expected to have a degree of effect, it is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and therefore no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

DAQ 2: Minimise effects on and where possible improve air quality and locate sensitive development away from areas of poor air quality (such as AQMAs)? Salisbury/Wilton currently has 3 long standing AQMAs for exceedance of nitrogen dioxide. Air quality is currently being monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and Laverstock.

The most recent assessment of Amesbury found that the settlement faces few air quality issues and there are currently no AQMAs in Amesbury. The settlement continues to be monitored, however.

Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently assessed as facing particular air quality issues and there are currently no AQMAs apparent in the settlement. Diffusion tubes to monitor were introduced to each town in 2019.

The growth allocated within the Rest of the HMA may place development in locations where increases in other pollutants such as noise and light may occur, in areas where this is not currently an issue. The dispersed nature of facilities and a lack of public transport provision suggests that development in these areas may lead to an increased number of private car journeys magnifying the likelihood of pollutants from vehicles.

A new community in Boscombe/Porton would be likely to place pressure on air quality in the locality and would be placed in a location where there is currently no monitoring being undertaken. It is unclear whether it would lead to an exceedance of nitrogen dioxide in the area at this stage.

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Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury Amesbury currently faces few air quality Amesbury currently faces few air quality Amesbury currently faces few air quality Amesbury currently faces few air quality issues and there are currently no AQMAs issues and there are currently no AQMAs in issues and there are currently no AQMAs issues and there are currently no AQMAs in Amesbury. Amesbury. in Amesbury. in Amesbury. All new development is likely to have All new development is likely to have some All new development is likely to have All new development is likely to have some some adverse effects, but mitigation is adverse effects, but mitigation is achievable. some adverse effects, but mitigation is adverse effects, but mitigation is achievable. Minor adverse effects likely. achievable. achievable. Minor adverse effects likely. Minor adverse effects likely. Minor adverse effects likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

Salisbury There are three long-standing AQMAs in There are three long-standing AQMAs in There are three long-standing AQMAs in There are three long-standing AQMAs in Salisbury and air quality is currently being Salisbury and air quality is currently being Salisbury and air quality is currently being Salisbury and air quality is currently being monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and Laverstock. Additional development is Laverstock. Additional development is likely Laverstock. Additional development is Laverstock. Additional development is likely to increase pressures on local to increase pressures on local roads. For all likely to increase pressures on local roads. For all strategies moderate strategies moderate adverse effects are roads. For all strategies moderate likely to increase pressures on local roads. adverse effects are likely in Salisbury as likely in Salisbury as mitigation will be adverse effects are likely in Salisbury as For all strategies moderate adverse effects mitigation will be problematic. problematic. mitigation will be problematic. are likely in Salisbury as mitigation will be problematic. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently and assessed as facing particular air quality assessed as facing particular air quality assessed as facing particular air quality assessed as facing particular air quality Ludgershall issues and there are currently no AQMAs issues and there are currently no AQMAs issues and there are currently no AQMAs issues and there are currently no AQMAs apparent in the settlement. apparent in the settlement. apparent in the settlement. apparent in the settlement. All new development is likely to have All new development is likely to have some All new development is likely to have All new development is likely to have some some adverse effects, but mitigation is adverse effects, but mitigation is achievable. some adverse effects, but mitigation is adverse effects, but mitigation is achievable. Likely minor adverse effects for all strategies. achievable. achievable. Likely minor adverse effects for all Likely minor adverse effects for all Likely minor adverse effects for all strategies. strategies. strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment Boscombe/Porton is not currently subject settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this to any AQMAs, but a new community strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. would impact on local air quality due to increased levels of traffic. New development will also increase local levels of noise and light pollution. Amesbury is the nearest settlement to Boscombe/Porton. As identified above, Amesbury was most recently assessed as facing no air quality issues and no AQMAs

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have been declared, but the current AQS requires an update. As no specific location is known, minor adverse effects are considered likely at this stage. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of This strategy proposes a moderate level This strategy proposes a moderate level of This strategy proposes a much higher This strategy proposes a moderate level of HMA of growth. growth. level of growth than the other strategies. growth. All new development is likely to have All new development is likely to have some Therefore, effects are likely to be All new development is likely to have some some adverse effects in terms of air, adverse effects in terms of air, noise, light significantly greater. adverse effects in terms of air, noise, light noise, light and other pollutants. and other pollutants. Due to uncertainties in development and other pollutants. Due to uncertainties in development Due to uncertainties in development location, location, it is likely that there would be Due to uncertainties in development location, it is likely that there would be it is likely that there would be minor adverse moderate adverse effects on objective 4. location, it is likely that there would be minor adverse effects on objective 4. effects on objective 4. minor adverse effects on objective 4. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.0 Overall, it is likely that this strategy -1.0 Overall, it is likely that this strategy -1.2 Overall, it is likely that this strategy -1.2 Overall, it is likely that this strategy score for would have a minor adverse effect on would have a minor adverse effect on would have a minor adverse effect on would have a minor adverse effect on this SA Objective 4. Objective 4. Objective four, but effects are likely to be Objective four, but effects are likely to be The only likely significant effects are at The only likely significant effects are at greater than Strategies SA-A and SA-B. greater than Strategies SA-A and SA-B. objective Salisbury. Likely effects at other locations Salisbury. Likely effects at other locations Significant effects are considered likely in Significant effects are considered likely in are minor adverse. are minor adverse. both Salisbury and the Rest of the HMA Salisbury and additional adverse effects Further assessment of individual Further assessment of individual due to the levels of growth proposed. likely in a new community in the Boscombe development sites will allow a greater development sites will allow a greater degree Down/Porton area. degree of accuracy of likely effects. of accuracy of likely effects. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-B score equally and are the most sustainable strategies against this objective as they will have fewer adverse effects overall.

Strategies SA-C and SA-D score equally and are considered the least sustainable options with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely.

All development strategies lead to additional development and are therefore likely to lead to increased environmental pollution in all locations. However, as development locations are not known, likely effects and potential mitigation measures are difficult to predict.

All strategies in Salisbury are considered likely to result in significant adverse effects because of the scale of growth and the fact that Salisbury already has considerable pressures on the local transport network and three existing AQMAs. There are no other AQMAs identified within this HMA.

At Porton/Boscombe Down, there may be opportunities to ensure that effects on this objective are minimised in line with the Wiltshire Air Quality Strategy, particularly in locations where there are no existing AQMAs apparent. However, there is some risk that introducing large scale development here could lead to air quality issues, particularly in the Boscombe/Porton area where there are identified pinch points that are not yet monitored for exceedance of nitrogen dioxide.

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As the areas of poor air quality in Wiltshire are all traffic related, new development should contribute to improved air quality through reducing the need to travel by private car, promoting policies that promote development of sustainable transport links, promote housing development in sustainable locations and increasing on site vegetation in order to provide carbon sinks.

It is recommended that where development takes place, improvements in sustainable transport options should be sought to alleviate air quality concerns.

Development should consider walking and cycling friendly design that promotes and improves safety for these methods.

With regards to noise and light pollution, these are generally the result of urban development. Specific locational policies can ensure that development is directed to the most appropriate locations where air quality, noise and light pollution will be avoided or kept to a minimum.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages

DAQ 3: Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere? Fluvial flood-risk, along with surface and groundwater flooding form part of the settlement-level analysis below. The cumulative effect of development was also considered in order to identify those catchments where an increase in flows as a result of development would have the greatest effect on downstream flood risk. This analysis is based on a strategic assessment of flood risk. Local knowledge will be applied when specific development locations are identified. In terms of flood-risk potential at settlements the following can be stated:

Salisbury is at high risk of river flooding and at low risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative effect of development is assessed as moderate.

Amesbury is at low risk of river and groundwater flooding and at moderate risk of surface water flooding. The cumulative effect of development is assessed as moderate.

Tidworth/Ludgershall is at low risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative effect of development is assessed as moderate. Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA)

Amesbury The town’s flood issues are principally The town’s flood issues are principally The town’s flood issues are principally The town’s flood issues are principally related to surface water potential. The related to surface water potential. The related to surface water potential. The related to surface water potential. The River River Avon flows to the west of the River Avon flows to the west of the town. River Avon flows to the west of the town. Avon flows to the west of the town. New town. New development is likely to be New development is likely to be able to New development is likely to be able to development is likely to be able to avoid able to avoid areas of flood risk. Minor adverse effects are therefore likely. avoid areas of flood risk. Minor adverse avoid areas of flood risk. Minor adverse areas of flood risk. Minor adverse effects are effects are therefore likely. effects are therefore likely. therefore likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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Salisbury The city is particularly at risk through The city is particularly at risk through fluvial The city is particularly at risk through fluvial The city is particularly at risk through fluvial fluvial flooding arising from the Avon flooding arising from the Avon and four flooding arising from the Avon and four flooding arising from the Avon and four other and four other rivers that converge. other rivers that converge. Development other rivers that converge. Development rivers that converge. Development may be Development may be able to take place may be able to take place without may be able to take place without able to take place without increasing flood without increasing flood risk but as site increasing flood risk but as site locations increasing flood risk but as site locations locations are not known, all strategies are not known, all strategies for are not known, all strategies for risk but as site locations are not known, all for Salisbury/Wilton are considered Salisbury/Wilton are considered likely to Salisbury/Wilton are considered likely to strategies for Salisbury/Wilton are likely to have moderate adverse effects have moderate adverse effects given the have moderate adverse effects given the considered likely to have moderate adverse given the scale of growth proposed. scale of growth proposed. scale of growth proposed. effects given the scale of growth proposed. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Tidworth/Ludgershall is at low risk of Tidworth/Ludgershall is at low risk of river Tidworth/Ludgershall is at low risk of river Tidworth-Ludgershall is at low risk of river and river flooding and at moderate risk of flooding and at moderate risk of surface flooding and at moderate risk of surface flooding and at moderate risk of surface Ludgershall surface water and groundwater water and groundwater flooding. water and groundwater flooding. water and groundwater flooding. flooding. Development proposed under Development proposed under all strategies Development proposed under all strategies Development proposed under all strategies all strategies should be able to take should be able to take place without should be able to take place without should be able to take place without place without significant impacts. Minor significant impacts. Minor adverse likely. adverse likely. significant impacts. Minor adverse likely. significant impacts. Minor adverse likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment The potential for a new settlement presents settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this opportunities to find strategic solutions to strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. constraints. A new settlement in the Boscombe Down/ Porton area could have this advantage as regards flood resilience. There are areas of flood risk associated with the River Bourne that flows to the south and east of Boscombe Down. At this stage, the precautionary approach is required since Amesbury itself has surface water issues. Minor adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Under this strategy moderate growth is Under this strategy moderate growth is Under this strategy substantial growth is Under this strategy moderate growth is HMA directed to Rest of HMA. At this directed to Rest of HMA. At this strategic directed to Rest of HMA. At this strategic directed to Rest of HMA. At this strategic strategic stage it is difficult to predict stage it is difficult to predict which lower- stage it is difficult to predict which lower- stage it is difficult to predict which lower- which lower-order settlements would be order settlements would be most affected order settlements would be most affected order settlements would be most affected by most affected by development, and by development, and what the flood-risks by development, and what the flood-risks development, and what the flood-risks would what the flood-risks would therefore be. would therefore be. would therefore be. therefore be. On this basis minor adverse effects are On this basis minor adverse effects are However, given this increased level of On this basis minor adverse effects are likely. signalled. growth and that many rural settlements are signalled. located on rivers and have flood issues, moderate adverse effects are considered likely.

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Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.0 This strategy is likely to have -1.0 This strategy is considered likely to -1.2 This strategy is likely to present minor -1.2 This strategy is considered to have likely score for minor adverse effects as regards flood have minor adverse effects as regards adverse effects as regards flood risk. minor adverse effects as regards flood risk. this SA risk. Significant effects are most likely flood risk. Significant effects are most likely Significant effects are most likely at Significant effects are most likely at at Salisbury/Wilton. at Salisbury/Wilton. Salisbury/Wilton and in the Rest of the Salisbury/Wilton with additional impacts likely objective HMA. Effects are more significant than SA- from a new settlement. Effects are more A and SA-B. significant than SA-A and SA-B. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategies SA-C and SA-D score equally and are considered the least sustainable options with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely.

Whilst all areas across Salisbury HMA demonstrate some areas at risk of flooding, the most constrained location is Salisbury/Wilton. All strategies propose a significant amount of growth at Salisbury and therefore there is a likelihood of significant effects at Salisbury/Wilton.

SA-C proposes a significant increase in growth in the rural part of the HMA and therefore, because many rural settlements are located on rivers and have flood issues, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. However, likely effects will depend on any future location of development.

A new settlement in the broad Porton/Boscombe Down area offers opportunities that could promote flood resilience and could offer strategic solutions to flooding elsewhere.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Conserve and enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? Whilst this level of analysis makes reference to designated and non-designated heritage assets, these will be appraised in more detail at site-specific stage. At this strategic stage in/around the settlements the following is to be noted.

Salisbury: Growth in/around Salisbury could notably impact upon heritage assets including Salisbury Cathedral / setting, Old Sarum scheduled monument and the city’s conservation areas and settings. Development in/around nearby Wilton would notably impact upon assets including Wilton House GR1 listed building, Wilton Park registered park & garden, the conservation area and St Mary & Nicholas Church scheduled monument.

Amesbury: adverse impacts could result on important heritage features, including the Abbey/setting, and the setting of the World Heritage Site to the town’s west.

Tidworth/Ludgershall: Ludgershall has its Castle (scheduled monument) and a historic core conservation area with numerous listed buildings and their respective settings. Tidworth, meanwhile, includes the designed settings of Tedworth House and Tidworth Barracks.

DAQ 2: Maintain and enhance the character and distinctiveness of settlements through high quality and appropriate design, taking into account the management objectives of Conservation Areas?

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Whilst this level of analysis makes some reference to historic landscape character and townscape quality, design and conservation areas will feature more strongly in subsequent, more detailed / site-specific, appraisal. Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury It is likely that the level of growth Level of growth is lower in this strategy, but Level of growth is lower in this strategy, Level of growth is lower in this strategy, but proposed would have moderate adverse moderate adverse effects are still considered but moderate adverse effects are still moderate adverse effects are still effects which would be difficult to likely. considered likely. considered likely. mitigate. In addition to the World Heritage In addition to the World Heritage Site to the In addition to the World Heritage Site to In addition to the World Heritage Site to the Site to the west, numerous individual west, numerous individual SMs surround the the west, numerous individual SMs west, numerous individual SMs surround SMs surround the town and contribute to town and contribute to an area of overall high surround the town and contribute to an the town and contribute to an area of an area of overall high archaeological archaeological potential. Amesbury Down area of overall high archaeological overall high archaeological potential. potential. Amesbury Down and Earl’s and Earl’s Farm Down are noted areas of potential. Amesbury Down and Earl’s Amesbury Down and Earl’s Farm Down are Farm Down are noted areas of evidence evidence survival. Boscombe Down (south- Farm Down are noted areas of evidence noted areas of evidence survival. survival. east) is an important military installation from survival. Boscombe Down (south-east) is Boscombe Down (south-east) is an Boscombe Down (south-east) is an WWI through to the Cold War and present an important military installation from important military installation from WWI important military installation from WWI day. With this and designated and non- WWI through to the Cold War and through to the Cold War and present day. through to the Cold War and present day. designated assets borne in mind moderate present day. With this and designated With this and designated and non- With this and designated and non- adverse effects are likely at Amesbury. and non-designated assets borne in mind designated assets borne in mind moderate designated assets borne in mind moderate adverse effects are likely at adverse effects are likely at Amesbury. moderate adverse effects are likely at Amesbury. Amesbury. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Salisbury There are a significant number of There are a significant number of heritage There are a significant number of There are a significant number of heritage heritage designations around designations around Salisbury/Wilton which heritage designations around designations around Salisbury/Wilton Salisbury/Wilton which could be harmed could be harmed by development. As no Salisbury/Wilton which could be harmed which could be harmed by development. by development. As no locations for locations for development are known at this by development. As no locations for As no locations for development are known development are known at this stage, the stage, the scale of growth for all strategies is development are known at this stage, the scale of growth for all strategies is considered likely to have moderate adverse scale of growth for all strategies is at this stage, the scale of growth for all considered likely to have moderate effects. considered likely to have moderate strategies is considered likely to have adverse effects. adverse effects. moderate adverse effects. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Tidworth/Ludgershall are less Tidworth/Ludgershall are less constrained in Tidworth/Ludgershall are less Tidworth/Ludgershall are less constrained and constrained in heritage terms and new heritage terms and new development is likely constrained in heritage terms and new in heritage terms and new development is Ludgershall development is likely to be able to be to be able to be accommodated without development is likely to be able to be likely to be able to be accommodated accommodated without significant significant effects. However, further, more accommodated without significant without significant effects. However, effects. However, further, more detailed detailed assessment at site level will effects. However, further, more detailed further, more detailed assessment at site assessment at site level will establish establish further. assessment at site level will establish level will establish further. further. Minor adverse effects likely. further. Minor adverse effects likely. Minor adverse effects likely. Minor adverse effects likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment The new community would be a significant settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this sized development. Depending on the strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. location, it may be possible to avoid significant effects on heritage assets. However, the Porton/Boscombe Down area is archaeologically important and there are a number of heritage designations, including WHS. At this current stage, moderate adverse effects likely. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of Development at this scale could avoid Development at this scale could avoid Development under SA-C is significantly Development at this scale could avoid HMA significant adverse effects, depending on significant adverse effects, depending on higher than the other strategies. significant adverse effects, depending on location. The geographic area of the location. The geographic area of the HMA is The proposed quantum of development location. The geographic area of the HMA HMA is large. large. may be difficult to accommodate in the is large. At this stage, minor adverse effects likely. At this stage, minor adverse effects likely. rural area and moderate adverse effects At this stage, minor adverse effects likely. are considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.2 Overall the strategy indicates that -1.2 Overall the strategy indicates that minor -1.4 Overall the strategy indicates that -1.6 Overall the strategy is considered score for minor adverse effects are likely. adverse effects are likely. minor adverse effects are likely. likely to have moderate adverse effects. this SA However, effects are more significant than SA-A and SA-B. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-B score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective as they will have fewer adverse effects overall.

Strategy SA-D is the least sustainable option with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely and an overall moderate adverse effect.

Given the number and importance of heritage designations around Salisbury and Amesbury, all of the strategies are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects in those settlements given the scale of growth proposed.

Tidworth/Ludgershall is considered less constrained for new development in heritage terms where minor adverse effects are considered likely across all strategies.

For a new settlement in the Boscombe Down/Porton area, there would be a number of considerations as to its location, as the Porton/Boscombe Down area is archaeologically important and there are a number of heritage designations, including the World Heritage Site. At this current stage, without further knowledge of the location of this new settlement, moderate adverse effects are considered likely.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

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Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise impact on and where appropriate enhance nationally designated landscapes and their settings and locally valued landscapes? Whilst this strategic-level analysis appraises designated and locally–valued assets, local ones will become even more prominent during detailed / site-specific SA. At this stage it is important to note the following at the settlements.

Salisbury: the settlement, with Wilton, is surrounded by valued landscapes and, to the south-west Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire AONB, meaning that any development locations would need to be selected with diligence.

Amesbury: adverse impacts could occur against important landscape features, not least amongst which the World Heritage Site (Stonehenge component) as well as Amesbury Abbey and Park, which lie to the town’s immediate west.

Tidworth/Ludgershall: Ludgershall is set within an open, arable landscape that is visually exposed and sensitive to large-scale development. Northwards lies the North Wessex Downs AONB. To the north and west of Tidworth, meanwhile, the downland landscape of Salisbury Plain soon becomes evident and would require consideration.

DAQ 2: Protect rights of way, public open space and common land? These features will be assessed in greater detail in successive rounds of sustainability appraisal when the analysis becomes more detailed. Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area of the HMA) Amesbury The eastern side of Amesbury has less Strategies SA-B to SA-D propose a much Strategies SA-B to SA-D propose a Strategies SA-B to SA-D propose a much landscape constraints - there are no lower level of growth and it is considered much lower level of growth and it is lower level of growth and it is considered specific landscape designations. However, more likely that this can be accommodated considered more likely that this can more likely that this can be accommodated other parts of the town are more sensitive without having significant landscape effects. be accommodated without having without having significant landscape effects. and in closer proximity to the WHS and Amesbury Abbey and Park. This strategy Minor effects are considered likely overall. significant landscape effects. Minor effects are considered likely overall. proposes a much higher level of growth Minor effects are considered likely and moderate adverse effects are overall. considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury All strategies propose a significant level of All strategies propose a significant level of All strategies propose a significant All strategies propose a significant level of growth at Salisbury. There is potential for growth at Salisbury. There is potential for level of growth at Salisbury. There is growth at Salisbury. There is potential for significant adverse landscape effects and significant adverse landscape effects and potential for significant adverse significant adverse landscape effects and harm to key views to/from Salisbury harm to key views to/from Salisbury landscape effects and harm to key harm to key views to/from Salisbury Cathedral and Old Sarum, depending on Cathedral and Old Sarum, depending on views to/from Salisbury Cathedral and Cathedral and Old Sarum, depending on where new development is located. where new development is located. Old Sarum, depending on where new where new development is located. At this strategic stage of the assessment, At this strategic stage of the assessment, development is located. At this strategic stage of the assessment, until more detail is available of specific until more detail is available of specific At this strategic stage of the until more detail is available of specific locations, moderate adverse effects are locations, moderate adverse effects are assessment, until more detail is locations, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all strategy considered likely for all strategy distributions. available of specific locations, considered likely for all strategy distributions. distributions. moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all strategy distributions. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse

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Tidworth Ludgershall is sensitive to large-scale Ludgershall is sensitive to large-scale Ludgershall is sensitive to large-scale Ludgershall is sensitive to large-scale and development and the North Wessex Downs development and the North Wessex Downs development and the North Wessex development and the North Wessex Downs Ludgershall AONB lies in close proximity to the north. AONB lies in close proximity to the north. At Downs AONB lies in close proximity AONB lies in close proximity to the north. At At Tidworth, the downland landscape of Tidworth, the downland landscape of to the north. At Tidworth, the Tidworth, the downland landscape of Salisbury Plain would require consideration Salisbury Plain would require consideration downland landscape of Salisbury Salisbury Plain would require consideration However, it is considered that new However, it is considered that new Plain would require consideration However, it is considered that new development on this scale could take place development on this scale could take place However, it is considered that new development on this scale could take place without significant effects. without significant effects. development on this scale could take without significant effects. place without significant effects.

Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment It is likely that a new settlement of this scale settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this in the Porton/Boscombe Down area could strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. have significant landscape impacts. There is the potential to adversely affect the World Heritage Site (Stonehenge component) and its ‘outstanding universal value’ through factors that include inter alia light pollution. Development on the upper slopes of the chalk landscape would be highly visible. The area south-east of Amesbury occupies and is surrounded by a special landscape area (Salisbury SLA). These factors combine to suggest likely significant adverse effects. However, depending on location, it is considered that landscape-scale mitigation would be feasible, indicating moderate adverse effects for a new community overall. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of The rural parts of the HMA are affected The rural parts of the HMA are affected The rural parts of the HMA are The rural parts of the HMA are affected HMA variously by AONB designations, Special variously by AONB designations, Special affected variously by AONB variously by AONB designations, Special Landscape Areas, New Forest National Landscape Areas, New Forest National Park designations, Special Landscape Landscape Areas, New Forest National Park Park and a range of historic settings which and a range of historic settings which could Areas, New Forest National Park and and a range of historic settings which could could be adversely affected by new be adversely affected by new development. a range of historic settings which be adversely affected by new development. development. It may be possible to accommodate SA-B could be adversely affected by new It may be possible to accommodate SA-D It may be possible to accommodate SA-A growth without likely significant effects, but development. growth without likely significant effects, but growth without likely significant effects, but further knowledge of locations would be It may be possible to accommodate further knowledge of locations would be further knowledge of locations would be required. SA-C growth without likely significant required. required. At this strategic level, moderate adverse effects, but further knowledge of At this strategic level, moderate adverse At this strategic level, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all strategies. locations would be required. effects are considered likely for all strategies. effects are considered likely for all strategies.

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At this strategic level, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all strategies.

Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.4 Overall, minor adverse effects are -1.2 Overall, minor adverse effects are -1.2 Overall, minor adverse effects -1.6 Overall, the strategy suggests moderate score for likely. likely. are likely. adverse effects. this SA objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-B and SA-C score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective with fewer adverse effects likely overall.

Strategy SA-D is the least sustainable option with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely and an overall moderate adverse effect.

It is considered that the level of growth proposed in all strategies for Salisbury is likely to have significant adverse effects. There is potential for significant impacts and harm to key views to/from Salisbury Cathedral and Old Sarum, depending on where new development is located. There are also a number of village conservation areas outside the city that could be harmed.

Amesbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall are considered to be less constrained in landscape terms and could accommodate proposed growth, depending on the location, whilst avoiding significant effects on the World Heritage Site and North Wessex Downs AONB.

Significant adverse effects are considered likely for any new settlement of the size proposed in the Porton/Boscombe Down area with potential for impacts on the World Heritage Site and Special Landscape Area. However, development on this scale could also offer opportunities for landscape-scale mitigation such as Green Infrastructure and biodiversity enhancement. It is suggested that the new settlement location be the subject of further analysis to assess whether it could be sustainably designed without detriment to surrounding landscapes and assets.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Provide an adequate supply of affordable housing? Delivery of housing in Salisbury and Wilton has been below planned rates, mainly due to delays in strategic allocations coming forward for development, although they have been exceeding delivery expectation in recent years. 26% of homes built at Salisbury during the period 1/4/09 – 31/3/18 were affordable housing, against a target of 40%. However, delivery of the strategic housing allocation at Laverstock and Ford in the Southern CA increases this to 63%. Only 10% were affordable at Wilton, well below target levels. The house price to earnings ratio is now 11.93 for Wilton and 9.05 for Salisbury.

At Amesbury the ratio of house price to earnings is relatively stable and at 9.18 is marginally lower than in 2008. 34.6% of homes delivered at the town during the period 1/4/09 – 31/3/18 were affordable, above minimum target levels.

Housing delivery at Tidworth and Ludgershall has been below planned rates but the full housing requirement for the settlements is expected to be delivered by 2026 through existing commitments. House price to earnings has risen in the past 10 years but, at 8.3 remains below the Wiltshire average. Affordable housing delivery has been 21.2% which is well below the minimum target of 30% for the area.

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For the Rest of the HMA (the rural area) homes have been delivered at or above expected levels with the exception of the Tisbury area which has experienced below planned levels of development. Affordability ratios are, however, higher in rural areas, which reflects the limited supply of homes at large and small villages in recent years.

The updated housing requirement means that growth for the HMA will be lower (by approximately 1,400 homes) than the number of homes allocated for 2006 – 2026 under the WCS. Approximately 75% of this proposed housing requirement for the Salisbury HMA is already committed. However, the residual 2,745 homes are unlikely to make a notable contribution to the provision of affordable homes in the HMA.

SA conclusions relate to the ability of the strategy to deliver affordable homes where they are needed and where house price to income ratios are highest.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury The housing requirement for Amesbury The housing requirement for Amesbury under The housing requirement for Amesbury The housing requirement for Amesbury under Strategy A is lower than that in Strategy B is the same as for Strategies C and under Strategy C is the same as for under Strategy D is the same as for the current WCS. Taking into account D, and significantly lower than SA-A. Taking Strategies B and D, and significantly Strategies B and C, and significantly lower existing commitments this leaves a into account existing commitments there would lower than SA-A. Taking into account than SA-A. Taking into account existing residual requirement of 885 dwellings. It be no residual requirement under this existing commitments there would be no commitments there would be no residual is considered that the scale of growth scenario, meaning that there is a risk of a residual requirement under this scenario, requirement for the town under this under this strategy would be likely to hiatus in housing delivery in the latter part of meaning that there is a risk of a hiatus in scenario. have a moderate positive effect on the the plan period, although the extent that this housing delivery in the latter part of the However, this scenario does include the supply of affordable homes for would happen is uncertain. It is considered that plan period. It is considered that the scale provision of a new community of 2,000 Amesbury. the scale of growth under this strategy would of growth under this strategy would be dwellings in the Porton/ Boscombe Down be likely to have a neutral effect on the supply likely to have a neutral effect on the area, which could be close to Amesbury. If of affordable homes for Amesbury. supply of affordable homes for this is the case it is considered that the Amesbury. scale of growth under this strategy would be likely to have a positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Amesbury in the longer term. Due to the lead time required to establish growth of this scale and form, it is unlikely to deliver until later in the plan period. If the new community is located away from Amesbury, effects

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would be dependent on the types of employment and jobs that will be provided at this location as part of the wider development of the area. For this reason, the effects are predicted as minor positive. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor positive Salisbury Existing commitments would deliver a Existing commitments would deliver a Existing commitments would deliver a The housing requirement for Salisbury significant proportion of the housing significant proportion of the housing significant proportion of the housing under this scenario is the lowest of the four requirement for Salisbury and Wilton requirement for Salisbury and Wilton leaving requirement for Salisbury and Wilton strategic options. Existing commitments leaving an additional 1,090 dwellings to an additional 2,350 dwellings to be identified to leaving an additional 1,090 dwellings to would leave an additional 600 dwellings to be identified to maintain supply to 2036. maintain supply to 2036. This is a marginally be identified to maintain supply to 2036. be identified at Salisbury and Wilton up to This rolls forward a lower level of higher level of growth than in the current WCS. This is a lower level of growth than in the 2036. Existing commitments would be growth than in the current WCS. It is It is considered that the scale of growth under current WCS, and the same as for unlikely to provide a consistent supply up unclear whether existing commitments this strategy would be likely to have a minor Strategy A. It is unclear whether existing to 2036. It is considered that the scale of would provide a consistent supply up to positive effect on the supply of affordable commitments would provide a consistent growth under this strategy would be likely 2036. It is considered that the scale of homes for Salisbury/Wilton. supply up to 2036. It is considered that to have a minor adverse effect on the growth under this strategy would be the scale of growth under this strategy supply of affordable homes for Salisbury likely to have a minor adverse effect on would be likely to have a minor adverse and Wilton. the supply of affordable homes for effect on the supply of affordable homes Salisbury and Wilton. for Salisbury and Wilton. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Tidworth The residual requirement for Tidworth The housing requirement for Tidworth and The housing requirement for Tidworth The housing requirement for Tidworth and and and Ludgershall would be 165 Ludgershall under Strategy B is the same as and Ludgershall under Strategy C is the Ludgershall under Strategy D is the same Ludgershall dwellings which would mean that the for Strategies C and D - significantly lower than same as for Strategies B and D - as for Strategies B and C - significantly rate of house building could drop in the current WCS. Taking into account significantly lower than in the current lower than in the current WCS. Taking into notably for the latter part of the plan existing commitments there would be no WCS. Taking into account existing account existing commitments there would period under this scenario. It is residual requirement under this scenario, commitments there would be no residual be no residual requirement under this considered that the scale of growth meaning that there is a risk of a hiatus in requirement under this scenario, meaning scenario, meaning that there is a risk of a under this strategy would be likely to housing delivery in the latter part of the plan that there is a risk of a hiatus in housing hiatus in housing delivery in the latter part have a neutral effect on the supply of period. It is considered that the scale of growth delivery in the latter part of the plan of the plan period. It is considered that the affordable homes for Tidworth and under this strategy would be likely to have a period. It is considered that the scale of scale of growth under this strategy would Ludgershall. minor negative effect on the supply of growth under this strategy would be likely be likely to have a minor negative effect on affordable homes for Tidworth and to have a minor negative effect on the the supply of affordable homes for Tidworth Ludgershall. supply of affordable homes for Tidworth and Ludgershall. and Ludgershall. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment proposed There is no housing or employment This strategy includes the provision of a settlement proposed for a new community in this for a new community in this strategy. proposed for a new community in this new community of 2,000 dwellings in the strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. Porton/Boscombe Down area. It is considered that the scale of growth would be likely to have a moderate positive

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effect on the supply of affordable homes in the HMA in the longer term and could also benefit Amesbury which sees a significant drop in its requirement in this strategy. Due to the lead time required to establish growth of this scale and form, it is unlikely to deliver until later in the plan period. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of A continuation of relatively low levels of Under Strategy B the housing requirements for Under Strategy C the housing The housing requirements for 2016 – 2036 HMA housing growth at small and large 2016 – 2036, to be met at small and large requirement would be significantly higher under this strategy would mean a housing villages is likely to exacerbate villages, would be similar to that in the current than the other strategies, to be delivered requirement to be met at small and large affordability issues in these parts of the WCS (the same as Strategy A). The residual at small and large villages in the HMA. villages lower than that in the current WCS. Rest of the HMA. The residual requirement would be 945 dwellings. This is approximately 1,000 more than The residual requirement would be 695 requirement would be 915 dwellings. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable allocated in the WCS for the current plan dwellings. The opportunity for the delivery of housing in rural areas is however limited by period. The residual requirement would The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural areas is appropriate site size and therefore the quantity be 2,205 dwellings. The opportunity for affordable housing in rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size of new affordable homes is likely to be small. the delivery of affordable housing in rural however limited by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of new These factors on balance are likely to result in areas is limited by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to be small. a minor adverse effect on the supply of but this significant increase is likely to be affordable homes is likely to be small. These factors on balance are likely to affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. positive overall against this objective These factors on balance are likely to result in a minor adverse effect on the result in a minor adverse effect on the supply of affordable homes in the rest supply of affordable homes in the rest of of the HMA. the HMA. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor adverse Average 0 Overall, the assessment of the -0.2 Overall, the assessment of the strategy -0.2 Overall, the assessment of the 0 Overall, the assessment of the strategy score for strategy indicates that neutral effects indicates that minor adverse effects are likely. strategy indicates that minor adverse indicates that neutral effects are likely. this SA are likely. effects are likely. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategies SA-B and SA-C score equally and are considered the least sustainable strategies. Both strategies are likely to have a minor adverse effect on this objective.

None of the strategies under consideration are likely to be positive against this objective. This is because there has been an overall drop in the requirement for the HMA compared with the current plan period. Existing commitments in many cases have led to a zero or small residual requirement which would not provide a consistent supply up to 2036. To increase the benefits for affordable and market housing provision in this HMA, the overall requirement would need to be significantly higher.

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The number of homes for Wiltshire proposed for the purpose of this assessment is greater than the latest OAN (determined by the national standard methodology) by more than 5,000 homes. The proportion of affordable homes needed has been determined on this basis to be 37%. This is consistent for each of the scenarios under consideration. The total number of homes being planned for in each ADS is also the same for each scenario, meaning that the difference in effects between them will not be major.

However, overall the housing requirement for the Salisbury HMA is lower (by approx. 1,400 dwellings) than for the current plan period. Given that the % of affordable homes delivered against the current plan requirement has been below target levels, the housing requirement for this HMA against the next plan period is therefore unlikely to address any shortfall in provision of affordable homes. This is primarily because existing commitments are likely to be built out before the end of the plan period, potentially creating a slowdown in housing construction (and provision of affordable homes) in the HMA during the latter half of the plan period.

A rural facilities survey should be undertaken to identify where the provision of homes could be targeted to help support the vitality of rural settlements in the HMA.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Maximise opportunities within the most deprived areas? Salisbury/Wilton are subject to areas of high deprivation, with 13% of the population living in areas with high deprivation scores. It is the only settlement in the Salisbury HMA that is subject to an area of deprivation.

Older people in Salisbury/Wilton, Tidworth/Ludgershall and Amesbury are more at risk of social isolation than Wiltshire as a whole.

A higher proportion than the Wiltshire average of younger people within Salisbury/Wilton and Tidworth/Ludgershall are living within low income families and/or are being supported by the Common Assessment Framework (CAF).

Additionally, a higher than Wiltshire average proportion of 0-25 year olds in Tidworth/Ludgershall are supported by social care.

In the Rest of the HMA, a higher proportion than the Wiltshire average of children in Downton and Whiteparish are currently supported by CAF.

DAQ 2: Be accessible to educational, health, amenity greenspace, community and town centre facilities which are able to cope with the additional demand? Amesbury is served by a health care centre, which is currently experiencing a gap (-88m2) in provision. This gap is expected to increase to -213m2 by 2026 and development commitments are expected to put pressure on existing services. Stonehenge School and Avon Valley College are currently undergoing expansion to meet known demand for school places in the area. Substantial levels of development (around 7000 new homes) would be able to support a new secondary school in the area. The needs of up to 1000 homes could be accommodated at Avon Valley College and additional expansion could be an opportunity. Current educational facilities are under pressure and the expansion of Stonehenge School is underway to meet existing known demand. A new local primary school is due to open and additional opportunities for expansion are available, but growth upwards of 350 new homes would require new provision.

At Salisbury/Wilton there is capacity identified across the secondary schools and some surplus capacity among primary schools. A new primary school has been secured, in addition, in supply of places forecast from 2024 onwards as planned expansion will meet known demand. Health centres are located within both Salisbury and Wilton, providing a range of services. Substantial levels of growth would require the provision of new facilities but identifying suitable land may be difficult. The healthcare centre in Salisbury is currently subject to a shortfall in provision (-227m2). This gap is expected remedied by the redevelopment of Salisbury City surgery. An additional surgery could come forward at Old Sarum.

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Wellington Academy, which serves Tidworth/Ludgershall is currently being expanded to meet the needs of demand of army basing and new civilian housing in the area. However, further expansion to meet emerging known demand is expected to be needed by 2023. There is a risk that school could become very large. Higher levels of growth (around 4500 new homes) are more likely to be able to support new provision. New primary provision is currently being built and there is scope for a small amount of expansion at Clarendon Infant and Junior School. Beyond this, there is limited opportunity to expand existing primary provision. As a result, modest growth could be accommodated in existing provision, but higher levels of growth would require new primary provision. There are currently no issues considered, but this is expected to change in the near future as a result of army rebasing.

In the Rest of the HMA, Downton and Whiteparish are currently subject to a gap in GP provision (-367m2). This is not forecast to change by 2026.

Amesbury CH-A proposes higher levels of growth SA-B to SA-D all propose the same lower level SA-B to SA-D all propose the same lower SA-B to SA-D all propose the same lower than current WCS. This level of growth of housing growth and no employment. This is level of housing growth and no level of housing growth and no may place additional pressures on unlikely to place significant pressure on employment. This is unlikely to place employment. This is unlikely to place existing services and facilities – there existing services and facilities and should have significant pressure on existing services significant pressure on existing services is currently significant pressure on benefits in terms of provision of affordable and facilities and should have benefits in and facilities and should have benefits in health and education facilities in the housing and new or expanded facilities, and terms of provision of affordable housing terms of provision of affordable housing town. However, it should also have creation of new areas of public open space and new or expanded facilities, and and new or expanded facilities, and benefits in terms of provision of that could help reduce social isolation and creation of new areas of public open space creation of new areas of public open space affordable housing and new or allow physical exercise. that could help reduce social isolation and that could help reduce social isolation and expanded facilities, and creation of New development is considered likely to be allow physical exercise. allow physical exercise. new areas of public open space that more positive than negative in terms of New development is considered likely to be The new community proposed at could help reduce social isolation and reducing poverty and deprivation and more positive than negative in terms of Porton/Boscombe Down may be in close allow physical exercise. promoting more inclusive communities. reducing poverty and deprivation and proximity to Amesbury and may also New development is considered likely Overall, minor positive effects are considered promoting more inclusive communities. benefit the town. It would also include 8ha to be more positive than negative in likely Overall, minor positive effects are employment but may not be delivered until terms of reducing poverty and considered likely later in the plan period. At this stage, these deprivation and promoting more effects are uncertain. inclusive communities. Overall, minor positive effects are Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely considered likely. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Salisbury This level of housing growth at Strategy SA-B focuses on Salisbury and This level of housing growth at Salisbury/ This level of housing growth at Salisbury/ Salisbury/ Wilton is lower than current proposes a higher level of growth than current Wilton is lower than current WCS Wilton is much lower than current WCS WCS requirement but includes 8ha WCS requirement and 10ha employment. This requirement and includes 3.5ha requirement and only includes 2ha employment. This level of growth may level of growth may place additional pressures employment. This level of growth may employment. This level of growth may

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place additional pressures on existing on existing services and facilities – there is place additional pressures on existing place additional pressures on existing services and facilities – there is currently significant pressure on health and services and facilities – there is currently services and facilities – there is currently currently significant pressure on health education facilities in the city. However, it significant pressure on health and significant pressure on health and and education facilities in the city. should also have significant benefits in terms education facilities in the city. However, it education facilities in the city. However, it However, it should also have benefits of provision of affordable housing and new or should also have benefits in terms of should also have benefits in terms of in terms of provision of affordable expanded facilities, and creation of new areas provision of affordable housing and new or provision of affordable housing and new or housing and new or expanded of public open space that could help reduce expanded facilities, and creation of new expanded facilities, and creation of new facilities, and creation of new areas of social isolation and allow physical exercise. areas of public open space that could help areas of public open space that could help public open space that could help New development is considered likely to be reduce social isolation and allow physical reduce social isolation and allow physical reduce social isolation and allow more positive than negative in terms of exercise. exercise. physical exercise. reducing poverty and deprivation and New development is considered likely to be New development is considered likely to be New development is considered likely promoting more inclusive communities. more positive than negative in terms of more positive than negative in terms of to be more positive than negative in Overall, moderate positive effects are reducing poverty and deprivation and reducing poverty and deprivation and terms of reducing poverty and considered likely. promoting more inclusive communities. promoting more inclusive communities. deprivation and promoting more Overall, moderate positive effects are Because this strategy proposes a lower inclusive communities. considered likely. level of growth than all other strategies, Overall, moderate positive effects are only minor positive effects are considered considered likely. likely. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Tidworth Development is likely to be positive Development is likely to be positive overall Development is likely to be positive overall Development is likely to be positive overall and overall although may be some short- although may be some short-term pressure on although may be some short-term pressure although may be some short-term pressure Ludgershall term pressure on services and services and facilities. on services and facilities. on services and facilities. facilities. New development is considered likely to be New development is considered likely to be New development is considered likely to be New development is considered likely more positive than negative in terms of more positive than negative in terms of more positive than negative in terms of to be more positive than negative in reducing poverty and deprivation and reducing poverty and deprivation and reducing poverty and deprivation and terms of reducing poverty and promoting more inclusive communities. promoting more inclusive communities. promoting more inclusive communities. deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment proposed There is no housing or employment This strategy proposes a substantial new settlement proposed for a new community in this for a new community in this strategy. proposed for a new community in this community in the Boscombe Down/Porton strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. area. This could benefit both the surrounding rural area and Amesbury as the nearest town through significant provision of affordable housing, new infrastructure, public transport networks, employment and public open space. Whilst this may cause short-term disruption to nearby communities, the longer-term benefits are likely to be significant.

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Overall, moderate positive effects are likely towards the back end of the plan period. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of Some services and facilities in the Some services and facilities in the rural areas Compared to the other strategies, this is Some services and facilities in the rural HMA rural areas are under pressure, are under pressure, especially GP and public considered likely to have moderate positive areas are under pressure, especially GP especially GP and public transport transport services, and new development effects on this objective. and public transport services, and new services, and new development could could increase pressure if not accompanied by development could increase pressure if not increase pressure if not accompanied adequate infrastructure. accompanied by adequate infrastructure. by adequate infrastructure. However, new development is considered However, new development is considered However, new development is likely to be more positive than negative in likely to be more positive than negative in considered likely to be more positive terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. poverty and deprivation and promoting Overall, minor positive effects are likely without Overall, minor positive effects are likely more inclusive communities. knowing specific locations for new without knowing specific locations for new Overall, minor positive effects are development. development. likely without knowing specific locations for new development. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.2 Overall, this strategy is likely to 1.0 Overall, this strategy is likely to have a 1.2 Overall, this strategy is likely to have a 1.2 Overall, this strategy is likely to have a score for have a minor positive effect on minor positive effect on Objective 9. minor positive effect on Objective 9. minor positive effect on Objective 9. this SA Objective 9. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

New development in different parts of the HMA is considered to be positive overall, through provision of affordable housing and new or expanded health, education, cultural and recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities.

New development can cause pressure on existing services and facilities in the short-term and needs to be accompanied by adequate infrastructure to meet the needs of new residents. This is especially the case regarding transport, healthcare and education where services are under pressure across much of the area.

All of the strategies scored similarly in the assessment, however strategies SA-A, SA-C and SA-D are marginally more sustainable as there is more likelihood of benefits.

Strategy SA-B has marginally less benefits and is considered the least sustainable option.

Strategies that distribute higher levels of growth to different areas e.g. SA-A re Amesbury, SA-A to SA-C re Salisbury, SA-D re New Community and SA-C re Rest of HMA are likely to have greater benefits. However, these levels of higher growth are distributed between all of the strategies which is why they score so similarly.

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For new development to be effective in reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities, it will be very important that all new housing development includes a range of house types/tenures and a level of affordable housing that will actually help reduce the affordability ratio, which is high in this area, and that all new development provides the essential services and facilities that are needed to avoid increasing pressure on existing services and also reduces the need to travel and reduces out-commuting.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Each of the main settlements within this HMA possess bus travel options to varying degrees to offer alternatives to private car travel. Rail links within this HMA are not universal with the main rail option being present in Salisbury. When looking at the rest of the HMA, many of these locations are positioned in less accessible locations than the market towns and principal settlements and may increase the reliance on the private car, often being positioned further away from many amenities or public transport services. 1.

DAQ 2: Provide suitable access and not significantly exacerbate issues of local transport capacity (unless there is evidence that such impacts can be mitigated)? The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain key strategic constraints at each location. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise suitability of access along with the impacts on local transport capacity. More detailed assessment will be possible at the site assessment stage where impacts along with mitigation/improvement measures will become clearer.

Amesbury’s highway infrastructure is characterised by the A303 running just to the north of the settlement. This strategic link can suffer from peak time delays which cause rat running, impacting the capacity of Amesbury’s transport infrastructure. Further delays also occur on the A345 and London Road.

Salisbury hosts a number of key routes, all passing through or around the centre. These routes, namely the A36, A345 and A30 each suffer from peak time delays at key junctions. This congestion also needs to be considered against its impact on the AQMA present within Salisbury.

The A338 is the primary route running through Tidworth and Ludgershall and therefor, with links to the A303, experiences a high volume of HGV traffic. This primary route does have some pinch points further afield which may need to be considered when planning growth, as will the congestion that occurs on this route at peak times.

Highway connectivity within Amesbury is primarily focussed on the A303 running just north of the settlement providing direct links to settlements further afield, including key locations beyond Wiltshire. The A345 offers links to the north and south of the settlement. These highway links provide the basis for bus services to serve the settlement with links to a number of locations within Wiltshire and beyond. Rail provision is not present within Amesbury with the nearest station at Grately (limited services) and Salisbury.

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Salisbury offers a host of key highway links including the A345, A30 and A36 which forms a ring road around the centre, taking traffic away from this area. Bus services operate to link the suburbs to the centre while park and ride services operate in numerous locations. Other bus routes link Salisbury to several settlements within Wiltshire. Rail provision is strong with the railway station offering a wide variety of direct services.

Tidworth and Ludgershall’s main highway link lies with the A338 travelling north/south through the area with the A303 being accessible via this route to the south while the A342 also offers transport options. Bus services utilise these routes to offer public transport provision which is reported to be comparatively well utilised with a relatively high percentage of people of people in the CA travelling to work by bus when compared to the Wiltshire average. Rail provision is not present within the area with the nearest option being Andover 7 miles away.

The often rural nature of the Rest of the HMA leads to a large variance in the nature and availability of transport infrastructure, both in public transport and highway terms. Existing sustainable transport infrastructure in the rest of the housing market area is often limited due to the remote location of certain areas with in-frequent public transport services and accessibility. Efficient use of existing transport systems in these locations is consequently more likely to be constrained by the lack of current infrastructure.

Amesbury does not benefit from a direct rail link within the town and therefor future enhancements in public transport provision are likely to come from enhanced bus service provision. The highway infrastructure present within the town, namely its links to the A303 and the A345 running north/south offer this opportunity to build on the already present bus services in the town. In safe active travel terms, National Cycle Route 45 passes through the town while the Amesbury town cycle network plan provides further information on opportunities to enhance provision, no off-road cycle route is currently present to link Amesbury to Salisbury.

Salisbury offers already strong provision in sustainable transport terms with bus services operating to surrounding settlements and also to link the suburbs to the centre, park and ride provision also offers opportunity to avoid private car usage within the centre. The railway station equally offers strong opportunity to travel by rail to a number of key locations which can be further utilised to offer public transport alternatives to the private car. In safe active travel terms, a high percentage of journeys to work are by foot in the community area compared to the Wiltshire average with community support appearing to outline a desire to further improve pedestrian facilities within the city. In cycling terms, the Wiltshire cycleway and Salisbury and New Forest routes pass through while National Cycle Network 24 and 45 pass through the area which may offer opportunities. Salisbury town cycle network plan is present highlighting provision and opportunities.

The A338 running north/south through the area offers the main transport link to try to further build on the public transport services that are already present within Tidworth and Ludgershall. In this area, further enhancements in the public transport service will mainly be in the bus sector given there is no rail provision present, the nearest being Andover. Walking and cycling as active modes of travel occupy a high modal share in this community area in terms of travel to work option, likely due to the high military presence with soldiers living and working in short distance of each other. Further development of this type may further develop active travel as a preferred mode of transport for which development should facilitate. A town cycle network plan has been developed to highlight opportunities.

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Amesbury Strategy SA-A outlines a relatively SA-B to SA-D all propose the same, lower SA-B to SA-D all propose the same, lower SA-B to SA-D all propose the same, higher housing growth for Amesbury. level of growth. This is also considered likely level of growth. This is also considered likely lower level of growth. This is also Currently this is assessed as having to have minor adverse effects on the town’s to have minor adverse effects on the town’s considered likely to have minor adverse a minor adverse effect given the transport infrastructure. transport infrastructure. effects on the town’s transport extent to which growth will impact existing congestion associated with infrastructure. the town’s links to the A303, along with other routes, and what mitigation may be put in place remains unclear at this stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury All strategies propose a level of All strategies propose a level of growth to All strategies propose a level of growth to All strategies propose a level of growth to growth to Salisbury that is likely to Salisbury that is likely to exacerbate existing Salisbury that is likely to exacerbate existing Salisbury that is likely to exacerbate exacerbate existing transport issues transport issues in the city, whether below or transport issues in the city, whether below or existing transport issues in the city, in the city, whether below or above above current WCS requirement. The above current WCS requirement. The whether below or above current WCS current WCS requirement. The Salisbury Transport Strategy was refreshed Salisbury Transport Strategy was refreshed requirement. The Salisbury Transport Salisbury Transport Strategy was recently for the WHSAP and may need to be recently for the WHSAP and may need to be Strategy was refreshed recently for the refreshed recently for the WHSAP looked at again if mitigation measures are looked at again if mitigation measures are WHSAP and may need to be looked at and may need to be looked at again going to reduce the level of impacts. going to reduce the level of impacts. again if mitigation measures are going to if mitigation measures are going to For all strategies, moderate adverse effects For all strategies, moderate adverse effects reduce the level of impacts. reduce the level of impacts. are considered likely. are considered likely. For all strategies, moderate adverse For all strategies, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. effects are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth SA-A proposes a slightly higher level SA-A proposes a slightly higher level of SA-A proposes a slightly higher level of SA-A proposes a slightly higher level of and of growth to the other strategies but growth to the other strategies but still below growth to the other strategies but still below growth to the other strategies but still Ludgershall still below WCS requirement. WCS requirement. WCS requirement. below WCS requirement. Significant effects are not Significant effects are not considered likely. Significant effects are not considered likely. Significant effects are not considered considered likely. Minor adverse Minor adverse effects likely for all strategies. Minor adverse effects likely for all strategies. likely. Minor adverse effects likely for all effects likely for all strategies. strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment Strategy SA-D focuses housing growth settlement proposed for a new community in proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this on the development of a new community this strategy. Therefore, neutral strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. at Boscombe/Porton. Given its effects. demographic location this is assessed in combination with its potential impact on Amesbury at this early stage. The location itself is likely to be spatially located near the A303. This may help provide a link to support travel options including bus services, though the viability and impact of such a link will

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need to be investigated. The location of the A303 can equally cause transport related congestion and rat running, with Amesbury suffering with these problems. The potential impact of a new settlement on these existing concerns must be taken into consideration. Rail provision is currently provided at the nearby Grately station (with limited services) and Salisbury, however, a new community may include a new rail station which would help to promote sustainable travel, though at this stage the viability of such a project remains unknown. Currently, given the uncertainty of mitigation and possible impacts, this level of development at this location is assessed as having moderate adverse effects against this objective. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of A continuation of the current levels When considering the rest HMA it is It is acknowledged that this growth may take When considering the rest HMA it is HMA of growth in the rest of HMA may acknowledged that this growth may take place in locations with reduced access to acknowledged that this growth may take place growth in locations with place in locations with reduced access to sustainable modes of transport. For place in locations with reduced access to reduced access to sustainable sustainable modes of transport. For development to mitigate this effect it would sustainable modes of transport. For modes of transport. For development to mitigate this effect it would need to improve the availability of development to mitigate this effect it development to mitigate this effect it need to improve the availability of sustainable transport provision and would need to improve the availability of would need to improve the sustainable transport provision and accessibility. Given the extent to which this is sustainable transport provision and availability of sustainable transport accessibility. Given the extent to which this is possible remains unclear at this stage. accessibility. Given the extent to which provision and accessibility. Given possible remains unclear at this stage. This strategy is assessed as having a this is possible remains unclear at this the extent to which this is possible This strategy is assessed as having a minor moderate adverse effect against this stage. remains unclear at this stage. This adverse effect against this objective. objective. This strategy is assessed as having a strategy is assessed as having a minor adverse effect against this minor adverse effect against this objective. objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.0 Overall, considering the -1.0 Overall, considering the assessment of -1.2 Overall, considering the assessment of -1.4 Overall, considering the assessment score for assessment of the proposed the proposed distribution in this strategy, the proposed distribution in this strategy, of the proposed distribution in this this SA distribution in this strategy, minor minor adverse effects are considered likely. minor adverse effects are considered likely. strategy, minor adverse effects are adverse effects are considered considered likely. objective likely.

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Conclusions/Recommendations:

Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-B score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective. Both strategies are considered likely to have fewer adverse effects than strategies SA-C and SA-D.

Strategy SA-D is the least sustainable option as it is considered to have greater adverse effects overall.

Transport issues within the Salisbury HMA are largely focussed on trying to maximise the use and availability of sustainable modes of transport along with managing levels of congestion on strategic routes within, or near, each settlement. This congestion can impact upon private and public transport, as well as impacting the strategic role of key routes running through each location. Overall, the level of growth proposed across the strategies is considered likely to increase traffic levels generally, and the impact of this must be taken into consideration when considering options moving forward.

Salisbury has been identified for varying levels of growth across the strategies. For all strategies, significant adverse effects are identified at Salisbury because of existing issues with peak time congestion on the strategic road network through Salisbury, and the possibility that additional growth will exacerbate this. The Salisbury Transport Strategy was refreshed to mitigate the effects of proposals in the Wiltshire Housing Site Allocations Plan (WHSAP) and it is likely that this will need to be looked at again in order to establish further mitigation measures.

Proposals for Amesbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall are not considered likely to have significant effects.

The accurate assessment of the option to build a new community is difficult at this stage given the uncertainty surrounding the option. The exact location, subsequent highway infrastructure, possible mitigation and the likelihood of sustainable travel are all unknown at this stage. While it is acknowledged this offers an opportunity to integrate both sustainable transport services and a strong active travel environment within the new community, further assessment of this will only be possible at a future stage. The current significance of effect that has been assessed against this option at this stage is reflective of the potential for negative impacts upon the highway network in this broad location, with mitigation against impacts, and the exact extent of these impacts, currently unknown.

Growth in the Rest of the HMA, with higher levels in strategy SA-C, places development away from established sustainable transport provision. At this stage, development in these locations has been assessed negatively against this objective (significantly so at higher levels) mainly due to the likelihood that it will not make efficient use of existing sustainable transport infrastructure and may increase private car usage. However, further work establishing the level of development required in certain locations to facilitate investment and improvements in sustainable transport options may change this assessment and clarify the sustainability of the rest of HMA, hence the uncertainty being placed against the assessments at this stage.

Mixed-use development proposals are recommended as this will help increase self-containment and reduce need to travel.

It is considered key to locate development in places that make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure and can facilitate advancements in the use of sustainable transport. Therefore, locations should be in well-connected areas that benefit from good accessibility to a wide range of sustainable transport options, or in locations that can facilitate improvements in such factors.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)?

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The relationship with the town centre, and its immediate and wider rural context is complex and will also rely on trade from retail and non-retail businesses. Additional growth will inevitably contribute, to some extent, to the vitality and viability of town centres. At this stage, in the absence of specific site options to consider, the proximity of future housing and employment development to the town centres cannot be determined and therefore will not be considered as part of this high-level assessment but will be assessed at later stages.

The extent that strategies can promote a balance between residential and employment development will, in part, depend on the existing provision in terms of housing stock and employment uses, the relationship between them, and the relationship/connectivity of a settlement with other parts the HMA/FEMA (which themselves are strongly influenced by travel to work areas) and adjacent areas. The provision of employment development in isolation could, for example, be more likely to lead to an increase in travel distances but not necessarily if it was located in an area of relatively higher rates of unemployment. The same might apply in areas where employment vacancies are high, or jobs are expected to increase. This will, however, depend on the extent that the skills base of the unemployed in the local area match that provided by any new employers.

Of the total need of 182ha of employment land identified in the FEMA, a substantial proportion can be met from existing operational employment sites and site allocations leaving 26ha to be met from additional allocations across the county. The residual requirement for employment land for the Salisbury HMA is 10ha. Due to the extent of existing employment provision, none of the strategies would be likely to result in major positive or negative effects, as the vast majority is already being met by current employment sites or existing commitments.

At Salisbury total employment has stagnated since 2009. There is an above-average concentration of jobs in Wholesale & Retail, and Finance & Insurance. However, the sector profile is very diverse overall, with Finance & insurance highlighted in the JSF as the most prominent sector. Several larger city centre businesses have no capacity in their current workspace to expand, which is having a knock-on impact on business operations. Investments have included Nicholas & Harris’ expansion at Churchfields, and High Post Trading Estate is again fully occupied. DSTL continues to invest at Porton, and Phase One of Porton Science Park is complete with strong occupancy; with further aerospace investment planned for Boscombe Down.

At Wilton total employment has dropped significantly since 2009. There is a high concentration of jobs in Real Estate, and ‘Other’ sectors, although due to the small-scale employment base this should not be given too much emphasis.

At Amesbury the total number of jobs in the town has increased slightly since 2009. There is a high concentration of jobs in Professional Services, and Accommodation & Food Services. This reflects potential in life sciences and defence, as indicated in the background documents for the Joint Spatial Framework (JSF) that is being prepared for Swindon and Wiltshire. The 160-acre Solstice Park has been developed rapidly with only a few plots remaining: an indication of buoyant demand for well-connected employment sites with infrastructure in place. Recent developments there include the T J Morris (Home Bargains) Southern Distribution Centre (1 million sq ft), a new HQ facility for The Tintometer, Holiday Inn Stonehenge and a number of food outlets. Wiltshire Council is working with local partners including the MoD and QinetiQ on plans for the future development of Boscombe Down, Amesbury. This development will help to boost

Page | 127 the local economy and provide exciting opportunities for major inward investment into the county that will enhance job and career prospects in key employment sectors including aerospace and defence technologies.

At Tidworth total jobs growth has moved slightly upwards since 2009. There is a high concentration of jobs in the Real Estate, Accommodation & Food, and Public Administration & Defence sectors. The JSF also highlights the economy’s reliance on MoD employment. MoD related property investment has been comprehensive, supporting Project Allenby/Connaught and the relocation of up to 4,000 service personnel into the garrison area. The existing units nearby in Ludgershall at Castledown Business Park enjoy strong occupancy. Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury Under this strategy no additional Under this strategy no additional Under this strategy no additional Under this strategy no additional employment land would be allocated employment land would be allocated at employment land would be allocated at employment land would be allocated at at Amesbury. There would, however, Amesbury and there is a lower provision for Amesbury and there is a lower provision for Amesbury and there is a lower provision for be significant additional dwellings housing. Existing commitments at housing. Existing commitments at housing. allocated. Existing employment Amesbury could potentially provide a Amesbury could potentially provide a Existing commitments at Amesbury could commitments should be capable of sufficient supply of employment land, sufficient supply of employment land, potentially provide a steady supply of balancing this housing growth, although it could lead to stagnation in although it could lead to stagnation in employment land through the plan period. although there is a risk of stagnation employment provision towards the end of employment provision towards the end of However, this no additional growth scenario in employment towards the end of the plan period, if there is appetite for the plan period, if there is appetite for could potentially lead to stagnation towards the plan period, if appetite for occupancy of the sites on offer. occupancy of the sites on offer. the end of the plan period. occupancy of the sites is high. This level of housing proposed will help to This level of housing proposed will help to However, Amesbury should not be seen in This level of housing proposed will support local businesses, the town centre support local businesses, the town centre isolation from the new community at also help to support local and provide an increased supply of local and provide an increased supply of local Porton/Boscombe Down. This new businesses, the town centre and labour. labour. community could be located in close provide an increased supply of local It is considered that this strategy would It is considered that this strategy would proximity to Amesbury and therefore may labour. have likely minor positive effects – benefits have likely minor positive effects – benefits need to be considered in this context. In this It is considered that this strategy would be greater if employment provision would be greater if employment provision scenario a mixed-use development would would have likely minor positive was included in the strategy. was included in the strategy. provide sustainable and balanced growth effects – benefits would be greater if that would have a direct relationship with employment provision was included Amesbury. Therefore, this strategy is in the strategy. predicted to have moderate positive effects overall for the town. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Salisbury Under this strategy 8ha additional Under this strategy 10ha additional Under strategy SA-C 3.5ha employment Under strategy SA-D 2ha employment land employment land would be required employment land would be required at land would be provided alongside 5390 would be provided with much lower at Salisbury and an additional 5390 Salisbury, 2ha more than SA-A, and an additional dwellings at Salisbury. additional dwellings at Salisbury. homes would be allocated. additional 6650 homes would be allocated. It is considered that this would provide a It is considered that this would provide less There are a number of employment The additional 2ha, compared to SA-A, more reasonable balance of development, balanced growth than the other strategies. allocations around Salisbury that are would be likely to balance out the given the existing commitments. This Salisbury is a principal settlement and yet to be implemented e.g. at Old additional dwellings. This means that the however, would depend on the appetite for additional employment growth should Sarum, which suggests that an overall effect would be broadly the same. additional employment land in the area. therefore be encouraged. additional 8ha may not have a major Given the existing commitments, it is Consequently, this scenario is predicted to Consequently, this scenario of lower impact on employment at the city. possible that there would be over-provision result in moderate positive effects. employment and housing growth, is only However, as a principal settlement, of employment land at the city. However, predicted to result in minor positive effects.

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Salisbury should be a main focus of significant positive effects are likely, and employment growth for the wider the significant level of housing proposed area and having a range of available will also help to support local businesses, land could be attractive to inward the town centre and provide an increased investors. supply of local labour. Given the existing commitments, it is Overall, major benefits are considered possible that there would be over- likely from this strategy. provision of employment land at the city. However, positive effects are likely, and the significant level of housing proposed will also help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Tidworth At Tidworth and Ludgershall 3ha At Tidworth and Ludgershall no additional At Tidworth and Ludgershall 0.5ha At Tidworth and Ludgershall no additional and additional employment land would employment land would be provided under additional employment land would be employment land would be provided under Ludgershall be provided under this strategy, this strategy, but 1210 dwellings are provided under this strategy, and 1210 this strategy, but 1210 dwellings are alongside 1555 additional dwellings. allocated. dwellings. allocated. The additional employment provision To boost sustainability benefits of this Taking into account existing commitments To boost sustainability benefits of this is likely to be positive and the strategy, an element of employment should and the additional housing which will help strategy, an element of employment should additional housing will also help to be included. to support local businesses, the town be included. support local businesses, the town The additional housing will help to support centres and provide an increased supply of The additional housing will help to support centres and provide an increased local businesses, the town centres and local labour, minor positive effects are local businesses, the town centres and supply of local labour. provide an increased supply of local labour. likely. provide an increased supply of local labour. Overall, moderate positive effects Overall, minor positive effects are likely but Overall, minor positive effects are likely but are likely. less than SA-C. less than SA-C. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment The new community at Porton/ Boscombe settlement proposed for a new community in proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this Down would provide mixed-use development this strategy. Therefore, neutral strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. with a significant amount of housing and effects. employment. It could provide sustainable and balanced growth that would also have a direct relationship with Amesbury. Precise location is not known however, this element of the strategy is predicted to have moderate positive effects overall. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of Under this strategy no employment As for SA-A, no employment land would be Under this strategy 6ha of employment land Under this strategy no employment land HMA land would be allocated for the rest allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would be allocated for the rest of the HMA. would be allocated for the rest of the HMA; of the HMA. This would mean a would mean a continuation of the existing This would mean an increase in the existing this would mean a continuation of the

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continuation of the existing approach approach to the provision of employment provision of employment land to balance existing approach to the provision of to the provision of employment land land to meet local needs. the allocation of significant additional employment land to meet local needs. And a to meet local needs. The additional housing will help to support homes under this strategy. The lower amount of homes is allocated than SA- The additional housing will help to local businesses however, the vitality of employment land is likely to comprise a A and SA-B. support local businesses however, villages, local services and facilities and series of small employment allocations that The additional housing, although the lowest the vitality of villages, local services the countryside, and provide an increased in themselves would be of a scale that of all the strategies, will still help to support and facilities and the countryside, supply of local labour. could potentially support the vitality of the local businesses however, the vitality of and provide an increased supply of It is therefore predicted that Strategy SA-B rural area. This would depend on suitable villages, local services and facilities and the local labour. will also have minor positive effects on this locations being identified, where the countryside, and provide an increased It is therefore predicted that Strategy objective. infrastructure is in place to enable them to supply of local labour. SA-A would have minor positive be integrated sustainably. It is therefore predicted that Strategy SA-D effects on this objective. The significant additional housing will help would have minor positive effects on this to support local businesses, the vitality of objective. villages, local services and facilities and the countryside, and provide an increased supply of local labour. It is therefore predicted that Strategy SA-C would have moderate positive effects on this objective Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.2 Overall, considering the 1.2 Overall, considering the assessment of 1.2 Overall, considering the assessment of 1.4 Overall, considering the assessment of score for assessment of the proposed the proposed distribution in this strategy, the proposed distribution in this strategy, the proposed distribution in this strategy, this SA distribution in this strategy, minor minor positive effects are considered minor positive effects are considered minor positive effects are considered objective positive effects are considered likely. likely. likely. likely. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Overall, Strategy SA-D is the most sustainable strategy as it is likely to have the greatest number of benefits across all areas. Strategies SA-A, SA-B and SA-D all score equally and are less sustainable options as they have fewer benefits across all areas.

Strategy SA-D contains proposals for a new community at Boscombe Down/Porton and although the exact location is not known, the significant level of employment and housing, together with associated benefits for Amesbury also, is the main reason for the level of benefits. Although, there is a degree of uncertainty given there is no location and it may take a long time to deliver. Settlements/areas in these strategies that combine a higher level of both employment and housing are considered likely to give greater benefits against this objective as both elements help to improve self-containment of settlements and encourage vibrant and diversified places. Outstanding commitments in the Salisbury HMA are capable of meeting a significant proportion of the need for additional employment land to 2036. Consequently, the differences in the effects of the strategic options for the distribution of the employment land requirement are limited by the relatively small scale of development under consideration. A key consideration has been the aspiration to reduce travel to work distances and achieving a balance between employment and housing growth. Strong transport links and connectivity are key factors for the successful delivery of large-scale employment allocations, as demonstrated by Solstice Park, Amesbury and Hampton Park, Melksham. The capacity of the A303 corridor to accommodate additional employment growth will need to be tested.

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Annex I - Salisbury Housing Market Area (HMA) - Assessment of Alternative Development Strategies (Standard Method)

• Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) - Rolling forward the core strategy with employment allocations in Salisbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall.

• Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) – Amesbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall constrained to reflect current commitments (0), while rest of HMA reflects assessed need (i.e. -11%). The rest is directed to Salisbury (about 5,400 to 6,700).

• Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of the HMA) - Housing at Amesbury and Tidworth and Ludgershall reflect current commitments, Salisbury reflects assessed need (i.e. -11%). Remainder focused on rural area.

• Strategy SA – D (New Community) - Housing at all settlements is constrained to commitments. Recognises employment growth at Boscombe and Porton and directs housing growth to a new community related to this economic potential.

Proposed distribution of housing and employment requirements – Chippenham HMA Settlement Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Strategy SA – C (Focus on Strategy SA – D (New Strategy) Focus) the Rest of the HMA) Community) Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Amesbury 2070 0 1230 0 1230 0 1230 0 Salisbury/Wilton 5140 8 6345 10 5140 3.5 4675 2 Tidworth/Ludgershall 1485 2 1210 0 1210 0.5 1210 0 New Community 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 8 Rest of HMA 1770 0 1685 0 2890 6 1560 0 TOTAL 10470 10 10470 10 10470 10 10470 10

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Avoid potential negative impacts of development on designated wildlife sites, protected species and priority species and habitats (international, national, local) and enhance these where possible? The River Avon SAC/SSSI runs through Wilton from the north and west into Salisbury which acts as a significant EPS hotspot for otters, Desmoulin’s whorl snail, bats and non-EPS protected species including water vole and Schedule 1 birds. However, development within the catchment of the River Avon SAC will be constrained by the Memorandum of Understanding with Environment Agency and Natural England implemented to prevent negative effects on the SAC due to phosphates. The Porton Down SPA lies 7km to the north east, Salisbury Plain SAC/SPA lies 12km north and the New Forest SPA roughly 10km to the south. Depending on the location of growth, additional housing may lead to increased recreational disturbance upon breeding birds on Salisbury Plain and in the New Forest. Furthermore, Bemerton Health & Barnard’s Folly LNR and Avon Valley LNR lie within or adjacent to Salisbury. With regards to non-statutory designations, there are numerous CWSs and areas of priority habitat/HPI nearby.

With regards to statutory designations, the River Avon SSSI/SAC runs north to south on the west side of Amesbury. Furthermore, part of Salisbury Plan SSSI/SPA lies approximately 2km to the east. There are also a number of non-statutory designations including Boscombe Down Railway Line CWS and several other CWSs associated with the river floodplain to the west.

There are also some protected species hotspots, namely for water voles, otters, crayfish and birds associated with the River Avon and Stone Curlew plots on arable land near Amesbury.

With regards to statutory designations, the Salisbury Plan SSSI/SAC/SPA lies to the immediate west of Tidworth. Furthermore, allocations at Ludgershall are within the visitor catchment of the Salisbury Plain and therefore pose a risk through recreational pressure particularly when considered in combination without other planned growth and projects such as the Army Basing Programme (ABP).

Some areas in the Rest of the HMA are designated SSSIs, SACs, and/or SPAs or contain important habitats including ancient woodland. This includes the Salisbury Plain SSSI/SPA, River Avon SSSI/SAC and Porton Down SPA/SSSI.

At Porton-Boscombe Down, there is Salisbury Plain SPA/SAC/SSSI to the north, the River Avon SSSI/SAC to the west, Porton Down SPA/SAC to the east, and Porton Meadows SSSI in the vicinity. The area also lies in close proximity to the non-statutory designations of Boscombe Down Railway Line LWS, Idmiston Down LWS and Countess Farm Swamp LWS.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury Due to the ecologically sensitive SA-B proposes a significantly lower amount of SA-C proposes a significantly lower SA-D proposes a significantly lower designations in proximity to Amesbury housing compared with SA-A. Amesbury may amount of housing compared with SA-A. amount of housing compared with SA-A. and moderately high levels of housing be better able to accommodate this level given Amesbury may be better able to Amesbury may be better able to growth proposed for the settlement, nearby designations. Minor adverse effects accommodate this level given nearby accommodate this level given nearby likely. designations. Minor adverse effects likely.

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moderate adverse effects are designations. Minor adverse effects considered likely. likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury Core Strategy Continued proposes Under SA-B the highest level of growth is SA-C proposes a moderately low level of SA-D proposes a significantly lower moderately low growth levels for directed at Salisbury – six times higher than for housing growth – commensurate with amount of housing compared with SA-A. Salisbury, albeit with an additional Core Strategy Continued. Owing to the number Core Strategy Continued - for Salisbury. Amesbury may be better able to quantum of employment land. Due to of ecologically sensitive designations within In combination with the employment land accommodate this level given nearby the number of ecologically sensitive and in close proximity to Salisbury/Wilton, a proposed, and due to the number of designations. Moderate adverse effects designations within and in close moderate adverse effect is considered likely. ecologically sensitive designations within likely. proximity to Salisbury/Wilton, a and in close proximity to Salisbury/Wilton, moderate adverse effect is indicated. a moderate adverse effect is considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Despite Core Strategy Continued SA-B proposes a significantly lower amount of SA-C proposes a significantly lower SA-D proposes a significantly lower and proposing moderate levels of growth housing compared with SA-A. Amesbury may amount of housing compared with SA-A. amount of housing compared with SA-A. Ludgershall for Tidworth and Ludgershall, a be better able to accommodate this level given Amesbury may be better able to Amesbury may be better able to moderate adverse effect is indicated nearby designations. Minor adverse effects accommodate this level given nearby accommodate this level given nearby due to the potential recreation impact likely. designations. Minor adverse effects designations. Minor adverse effects likely. on the Salisbury Plain SSSI/SAC/SPA. likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment proposed There is no housing or employment At Porton-Boscombe Down there are a settlement proposed for a new community in this for a new community in this strategy. proposed for a new community in this number of statutory designations likely to strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. be in close proximity. At this stage, due to uncertainties on the potential precise location of any new settlement, it is difficult to assess the degree of effect on this objective. Further ecological assessments would be critical to make an informed decision. However, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. This judgement would be deemed more significant but for the fact that, with a new settlement, it is estimated that mitigation could successfully be delivered. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Due to the broad geographical area of Due to the broad geographical area associated Due to the broad geographical area Due to the broad geographical area HMA Rest of HMA, it may be possible for with Rest of HMA, it may be possible for covered by Rest of HMA, it may be covered by Rest of HMA, it may be development to avoid areas of development to avoid areas of biodiversity possible for development to avoid areas possible for development to avoid areas of ecological sensitivity. However, as at sensitivity. However, as at this stage, no sites of biodiversity sensitivity. However, under biodiversity sensitivity. However, as at this this stage no sites have been have been identified, minor adverse effects on SA-C, growth quanta for the rural areas stage no sites have been identified, minor identified, minor adverse effects on this objective are deemed likely. would be twice those of alternatives, adverse effects on this objective are this objective are indicated. including Core Strategy Continued. For indicated.

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this reason, moderate adverse effects on this objective are more likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.4 SA-A is likely to lead to minor -1.0 SA-B is likely to lead to minor adverse -1.2 SA-C is likely to lead to minor -1.2 SA-D is likely to lead to minor score for adverse effects, due to the potential effects, due to the potential impact of adverse effects, due to the potential adverse effects due to the potential impact this SA impact of designated sites such as the designated sites such as the Salisbury Plain impact of designated sites such as the of designated sites such as the Salisbury Salisbury Plain SSSI/SAC, Porton SSSI/SAC, Porton Down SPA/SSSI, River Salisbury Plain SSSI/SAC, Porton Down Plain SSSI/SAC, Porton Down SPA/SSSI, objective Down SPA/SSSI, River Avon Avon SSSI/SAC and New Forest NPA. SPA/SSSI, River Avon SSSI/SAC and River Avon SSSI/SAC and New Forest SSSI/SAC and New Forest NPA. New Forest NPA. NPA. Conclusions/recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategy SA-B scores marginally better and is the most sustainable strategy against this objective.

• Strategy SA-A is considered the least sustainable option with significant adverse effects likely in Amesbury, Salisbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall.

• Biodiversity issues in the Salisbury HMA are mainly focused on the Salisbury Plain SPA/SAC and SSSI and the River Avon SAC, which are likely to be a factor in decisions on any future development locations. This is particularly noteworthy in the Salisbury/Wilton area where the highest levels of growth are proposed, being the Principal Settlement – for this reason, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all growth scenarios at Salisbury.

• Adverse impacts are likely in relation to all settlements as there are a considerable number of important ecological designations in the area. The location of any new development sites is not known at this stage and so a more precise likelihood of effects is difficult to predict.

• With regard to further work, a New Forest Visitor Survey will need to be commissioned for development in the visitor catchment distance of the New Forest SPA and the Salisbury Plain Mitigation Strategy should be updated in light of new evidence and changes to projected growth in the visitor catchment of the SPA.

• At the current time, the Environment Agency and Natural England advise that all development within the River Avon catchment should be ‘phosphate neutral’ for an interim period until 2025. Beyond this time an approach will take account of water company planning, as well as latest Government policy and legislation. This is to guard against a further worsening of the condition of the River Avon SAC. An annex of the Nutrient Management Plan will explain measures to help deliver phosphate neutral development and how they will be delivered.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

DAQ 3: Encourage remediation of contaminated land? If so, would this lead to issues of viability and deliverability?

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Across Wiltshire, some 14000 sites of potential contamination exist as a result of a range of historical land uses; 225 high priority sites have been identified as part of a prioritised approach to inspection.

DAQ 4: Result in the permanent loss of the Best and Most Versatile Agricultural land (Grades 1, 2, 3a)? The majority of the land surrounding the built-up area of Salisbury is classified as Grade 3 (good to moderate) agricultural land, with some spokes of Grade 4 (poor) extending outwards around the River Bourne, Avon and Nadder. There are also some small patches of Grade 2 to the north west, north east, south east and south.

While Tidworth lies in an area of non-agricultural land, Ludgershall is surrounded by mainly Grade 3 agricultural land with the western side being non-agricultural.

There is a Mineral Resource Block extending north from Amesbury along the River Avon.

There is a Mineral Resource Block to the south of Tidworth.

There are some MSAs, particularly in the Tisbury and the Southern Wiltshire Community Areas, as well as some strips of Minerals Resource Blocks.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area of the HMA) Amesbury This strategy will likely require This strategy will likely require development This strategy will likely require This strategy will likely require development development of more greenfield land of greenfield land due to the very limited development of greenfield land due to of greenfield land due to the very limited due to the very limited amount of PDL in amount of PDL in Amesbury. It would be the very limited amount of PDL in amount of PDL in Amesbury. It would be Amesbury. It would be possible for possible for development to avoid areas of Amesbury. It would be possible for possible for development to avoid areas of development to avoid areas of BMV and BMV and MSAs. Minor adverse effects on development to avoid areas of BMV BMV and MSAs. Minor adverse effects on MSAs. Minor adverse effects on this this objective are likely. and MSAs. Minor adverse effects on this objective are likely. objective are likely. this objective are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury All strategies for Salisbury propose All strategies for Salisbury propose All strategies for Salisbury propose All strategies for Salisbury propose significant levels of growth which is significant levels of growth which is likely to significant levels of growth which is significant levels of growth which is likely to likely to take place primarily on take place primarily on greenfield land due to likely to take place primarily on take place primarily on greenfield land due to

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greenfield land due to a lack of PDL. It a lack of PDL. It is possible that development greenfield land due to a lack of PDL. It a lack of PDL. It is possible that development is possible that development could could avoid significant loss of BMV land and is possible that development could could avoid significant loss of BMV land and avoid significant loss of BMV land and avoid the MSA areas. However, due to the avoid significant loss of BMV land and avoid the MSA areas. However, due to the avoid the MSA areas. However, due to scale of likely growth and problematic avoid the MSA areas. However, due to scale of likely growth and problematic the scale of likely growth and mitigation, moderate adverse effects are the scale of likely growth and mitigation, moderate adverse effects are problematic mitigation, moderate likely. problematic mitigation, moderate likely. adverse effects are likely. adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Due to the lack of BMV land Due to the lack of BMV land surrounding Due to the lack of BMV land Due to the lack of BMV land surrounding and surrounding Tidworth/Ludgershall, it is Tidworth/Ludgershall, it is considered likely surrounding Tidworth/Ludgershall, it is Tidworth/Ludgershall, it is considered likely Ludgershall considered likely that significant loss of that significant loss of BMV land could be considered likely that significant loss of that significant loss of BMV land could be BMV land could be avoided but due to avoided but due to lack of PDL, significant BMV land could be avoided but due to avoided but due to lack of PDL, significant lack of PDL, significant greenfield greenfield development will be needed. lack of PDL, significant greenfield greenfield development will be needed. development will be needed. Furthermore, it is unlikely that MSA will be development will be needed. Furthermore, it is unlikely that MSA will be Furthermore, it is unlikely that MSA will affected. Minor adverse effects likely. Furthermore, it is unlikely that MSA will affected. Minor adverse effects likely. be affected. Minor adverse effects likely. be affected. Minor adverse effects likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment In the Porton/Boscombe Down area, whilst settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this the airfield is military land and non- strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. agricultural, the rest of the area would pose a risk of losing BMV land. However, the military site may be an area of potential contamination risk. While this presents the opportunity for remediating contaminated land, this could affect the viability and deliverability of the site, were this land to be developed. Overall, as greenfield land and agricultural land could well be required for the development, a minor adverse impact on this objective is deemed likely. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Due to the presence of MSAs, Mineral Due to the presence of MSAs, Mineral Due to the presence of MSAs, Mineral Due to the presence of MSAs, Mineral HMA Resource Blocks and BMV land in the Resource Blocks and BMV land in the Rest Resource Blocks and BMV land in the Resource Blocks and BMV land in the Rest Rest of the HMA, the potential for likely of the HMA, the potential for any Rest of the HMA, the potential for any of the HMA, the potential for any adverse effects is dependent on where moderate/major negative effects are moderate/major negative effects is moderate/major negative effects is growth is located. Furthermore, as the dependent on where growth is located. dependent on where growth is located. dependent on where growth is located. majority of the Rest of the HMA is Furthermore, as the majority of the Rest of Furthermore, as the majority of the Rest Furthermore, as the majority of the Rest of classified as Grade 3 land, further the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, assessment would be needed to further assessment would be needed to land, further assessment would be further assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade needed to distinguish the areas of distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade Grade 3b to understand the extent of 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand 3b to understand the extent of BMV land.

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BMV land. Regardless, due to the likely Regardless, due to the likely loss of the extent of BMV land. Moderate Regardless, due to the likely loss of loss of greenfield land, minor adverse greenfield land, minor adverse effects are adverse effects are likely. greenfield land, minor adverse effects are effects are likely. likely. likely. A lower level of growth is proposed through this strategy and it is therefore likely that a lesser effect would result from this strategy. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.0 At this stage no sites have been -1.0 At this stage no sites have been -1.2 At this stage no sites have been -1.2 At this stage no sites have been score for allocated which makes it difficult to allocated which makes it difficult to advise allocated which makes it difficult to allocated which makes it difficult to advise this SA advise how a particular development how a particular development strategy will advise how a particular development how a particular development strategy will strategy will affect this objective. While affect this objective. While there may be strategy will affect this objective. While affect this objective. Overall, there is likely to objective there may be developable areas in each developable areas in each settlement which there may be developable areas in be a minor adverse effect on SA objective 2 settlement which are able to avoid BMV are able to avoid BMV land, overall, there is each settlement which are able to avoid due to the anticipated loss of greenfield land land, overall, there is likely to be a likely to be a minor adverse effect on SA BMV land, overall, there is likely to be a in the Porton-Boscombe Down area and in minor adverse effect on SA objective 2 objective 2 due to the anticipated loss of minor adverse effect on SA objective 2 Rest of HMA. due to the anticipated loss of greenfield greenfield land. due to the anticipated loss of greenfield land. land. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-B score equally and are the most sustainable strategies against this objective.

• Strategies SA-C and SA-D score equally and are considered the least sustainable options with greater adverse effects likely.

• There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land and will potentially lead to the loss of Best and Most Versatile (BMV) agricultural land (Grades 1, 2 and 3a). However, without knowing the exact location of growth and the extent of what BMV land is required, it is anticipated that negative effects will occur in all strategies.

• Uncertainties also exist regarding the potential for negative effects on mineral resources and the potential for contaminating and remediating land.

• Tidworth/Ludgershall, and possibly the Boscombe Down element, present areas which are less constrained in the context of objective 2 due to tracts of military land, therefore implying a lower risk of agricultural land loss.

• As Strategy SA-C focuses a much higher level of development around Rest of HMA, it is likely to result in the diffuse loss of greenfield/BMV land.

• Strategy SA-B, with its’ greater focus on Salisbury, is also likely to lead to significant adverse effects at Salisbury. It is known that there is comparatively little scope for re-use of PDL in Salisbury. However, all strategies, given the main focus of growth at the Principal Settlement, are considered likely to have significant effects.

• To achieve better sustainability outcomes against this objective, new development should try to maximise use of PDL and avoid areas of BMV, where possible. And development at higher densities would help to reduce loss of greenfield land.

• The majority of the HMA is Grade 3 land. Therefore, in order to identify which areas are more suitable for development and less likely to lead to adverse effects, further assessment is likely to be needed to distinguish between Grade 3a land and Grade 3b land.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner.

While there are rural areas in the HMA which are within Source Protection Zones or Drinking Water Protected Areas, there are also plenty of areas in the countryside where development could occur without posing a risk to water resources.

Rural development is likely to be more dispersed which may mean that the existing drainage infrastructure can handle the additional capacity. However, there may be a cumulative effect on the rural system. Furthermore, if the rural development is not dispersed it could lead to requirements to upgrade capacity outside of the main settlements which has not yet been accounted for.

Wessex Water have not outlined any plans to invest in the local water network at Tidworth/Ludgershall. Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of the Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area HMA) Amesbury Amesbury is subject to a Source Amesbury is subject to a Source Protection Amesbury is subject to a Source Protection Amesbury is subject to a Source Protection Protection Zone to the south east but Zone to the south east but located at Zone to the south east but located at Zone to the south east but located at located at Boscombe Down airfield. Boscombe Down airfield. There are currently Boscombe Down airfield. There are currently Boscombe Down airfield. There are There are currently no plans to invest no plans to invest in the water network in the no plans to invest in the water network in the currently no plans to invest in the water in the water network in the area so area so there are uncertainties regarding the area so there are uncertainties regarding the network in the area so there are there are uncertainties regarding the water network capacity in this strategy. Minor water network capacity in this strategy. Minor uncertainties regarding the water network

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water network capacity in this adverse effects are likely across all adverse effects are likely across all capacity in this strategy. Minor adverse strategy. Minor adverse effects are strategies. strategies. effects are likely across all strategies. likely across all strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury All strategies propose a significant All strategies propose a significant level of All strategies propose a significant level of All strategies propose a significant level of level of growth at Salisbury which has growth at Salisbury which has a number of growth at Salisbury which has a number of growth at Salisbury which has a number of a number of water protection water protection designations including Zone water protection designations including Zone water protection designations including designations including Zone 1 SPZ 1 SPZ and Drinking Water Safeguarding 1 SPZ and Drinking Water Safeguarding Zone 1 SPZ and Drinking Water and Drinking Water Safeguarding Zones. Salisbury is subject to planned future Zones. Salisbury is subject to planned future Safeguarding Zones. Salisbury is subject to Zones. Salisbury is subject to planned investment in water resources - Wessex investment in water resources - Wessex planned future investment in water future investment in water resources - Water have stated that they plan to invest in Water have stated that they plan to invest in resources - Wessex Water have stated that Wessex Water have stated that they Salisbury to reduce phosphates and provide Salisbury to reduce phosphates and provide they plan to invest in Salisbury to reduce plan to invest in Salisbury to reduce additional capacity between 2020 and 2025 - additional capacity between 2020 and 2025 - phosphates and provide additional capacity phosphates and provide additional so there may be an opportunity to continue so there may be an opportunity to continue between 2020 and 2025 - so there may be capacity between 2020 and 2025 - so improvements to the water network. improvements to the water network. an opportunity to continue improvements to there may be an opportunity to However, due to the scale of growth However, due to the scale of growth the water network. Due to the scale of continue improvements to the water proposed, moderate adverse effects are proposed, moderate adverse effects are growth proposed, moderate adverse network. However, due to the scale of considered likely. considered likely. effects are considered likely. growth proposed, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Due to the lack of investment plans at Due to the lack of investment plans at the Due to the lack of investment plans at the Due to the lack of investment plans at the and the settlements as well as having a settlements as well as having a large amount settlements as well as having a large amount settlements as well as having a large Ludgershall large amount of water protection of water protection designations in and of water protection designations in and amount of water protection designations in designations in and around the around the settlement, including a Drinking around the settlement, including a Drinking and around the settlement, including a settlement, including a Drinking Water Water Safeguard Zone and a Zone 1 Source Safeguard Zone and a Zone 1 Source Water Safeguard Zone and a Zone 1 Source Drinking Water Safeguard Zone and a Protection Zone, it is likely that there would Protection Zone, it is likely that there would Zone 1 Source Protection Zone, it is likely Protection Zone, it is likely that there be moderate adverse effects. would be moderate adverse effects. be moderate adverse effects. that there would be moderate adverse effects. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment The main concerns with a new settlement settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this at Boscombe/Porton relate to the potential strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. impacts on the water network capacity. There are currently no plans to invest further into the local water network by Wessex Water at Amesbury, which is the closest settlement positioned near to Boscombe/Porton. However, this strategy proposes high levels of growth that would require new infrastructure. As a result, it is likely there could be moderate adverse

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effects. This strategy proposes growth in a different location to those which form part of the current strategy and so an increased effect on this area is likely in comparison. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of Due to the potential impact on the Due to the potential impact on the rural Due to the potential impact on the rural Due to the potential impact on the rural HMA rural drainage system and water drainage system and water protection zones, drainage system and water protection zones, drainage system and water protection protection zones, minor adverse a minor adverse effect on the Rest of the a moderate adverse effect in the Rest of the zones, a minor adverse effect in the Rest effects are the Rest of the HMA is HMA is considered likely HMA is considered likely. The risk of of the HMA is considered likely. considered likely. negative impacts occurring in the rural areas is greater. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.2 Due to uncertainties regarding -1.2 Due to uncertainties regarding the -1.4 Due to uncertainties regarding the -1.6 Due to uncertainty regarding the score for the precise location of development precise location of development and the precise location of development and the location of a new settlement, at this stage it this SA and the potential for additional potential for additional investment in potential for additional investment in is unclear what effects could be on the investment in infrastructure, it is infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the local water network. Recent improvements objective difficult to assess the potential impact potential impact on water resources in potential impact on water resources in to the water network at Amesbury, which is on water resources. However, due to Salisbury and the Rest of the HMA. Despite Salisbury and the Rest of the HMA. Despite in close proximity to Boscombe Down, the presence of Drinking Water planned water network improvements at planned water network improvements at suggests that there are limited Safeguard Areas and Source Salisbury, a minor adverse effect on SA Salisbury, a minor adverse effect on SA opportunities to manage/mitigate pressure Protection Zones in objective 3 is considered likely due to objective 3 is considered likely due to from future development of such scale of Tidworth/Ludgershall, a minor uncertainties of impacts in the rural area. uncertainties of impacts in the rural area. development. Overall, it is likely that this adverse effect on SA objective 3 is strategy would have a moderate adverse considered likely. effect on Objective 3. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-B score equally and are the most sustainable strategies against this objective as they will have fewer adverse effects.

• Strategy SA-D is considered the least sustainable option with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely.

• There are areas in the HMA which lie within Source Protection Zones and Drinking Water Safeguard Areas which would need to be considered if development was allocated in that area. Furthermore, additional development beyond what is already planned for may require further investment in infrastructure, although until sites have been allocated it is difficult to know whether capacity issues will already have been addressed by planned improvements or whether further works will be required.

• Tidworth/Ludgershall is the settlement which is considered to be the most constrained with regards to the protection of water resources, as the areas has a Zone 1 Source Protection Zone, a Drinking Water Safeguard Zone and Wessex Water have not outlined any plans to invest in the local water network at Tidworth/Ludgershall.

• Recent improvements were made at Amesbury to increase capacity of the local water network. In addition to this, there are planned investments by Wessex Water to reduce phosphates and increase capacity of the water network at Salisbury.

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• Development at the rural areas is most likely to require additional investment as Wessex Water’s planned improvement works are focused on the towns. As a result, development in the Rest of the HMA poses a risk ensuring capacity of the water network.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

DAQ 2: Minimise effects on and where possible improve air quality and locate sensitive development away from areas of poor air quality (such as AQMAs)? Salisbury/Wilton currently has 3 long standing AQMAs for exceedance of nitrogen dioxide. Traffic in the area has decreased by 8%. Air quality is currently being monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and Laverstock.

The most recent assessment of Amesbury found that the settlement faces no air quality issues and there are currently no AQMAs in Amesbury. The settlement continues to be monitored, however.

Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently assessed as facing any air quality issues and there are currently no AQMAs apparent in the settlement. Diffusion tubes to monitor were introduced to each town in 2019.

The growth allocated within the rest of the HMA may place development in locations where increases in other pollutants such as noise and light may occur, in areas where this is not currently an issue. The dispersed nature of facilities and a lack of public transport provision suggests that development in these areas may lead to an increase number of private car journeys magnifying the likelihood of adverse effects from pollutants from vehicles.

A new community in Boscombe/Porton would be likely place pressure on air quality in the locality and would be placed in a location where there is currently no monitoring being undertaken. It is unclear whether it would lead to an exceedance of nitrogen dioxide in the area at this stage.

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development is likely to have some likely to have some adverse effects, but have some adverse effects, but mitigation is have some adverse effects, but mitigation is adverse effects, but mitigation is mitigation is achievable. Minor adverse achievable. Minor adverse effects likely. achievable. Minor adverse effects likely. achievable. Minor adverse effects effects likely. likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

Salisbury There are three long-standing AQMAs There are three long-standing AQMAs in There are three long-standing AQMAs in There are three long-standing AQMAs in in Salisbury and air quality is currently Salisbury and air quality is currently being Salisbury and air quality is currently being Salisbury and air quality is currently being being monitored in Salisbury, Wilton monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and monitored in Salisbury, Wilton and Laverstock. and Laverstock. Additional Laverstock. Additional development is Laverstock. Additional development is likely Additional development is likely to increase development is likely to increase likely to increase pressures on local to increase pressures on local roads. For all pressures on local roads. For all roads. For all strategies moderate strategies moderate adverse effects are pressures on local roads. For all strategies strategies moderate adverse effects adverse effects are likely in Salisbury as likely in Salisbury as mitigation will be moderate adverse effects are likely in are likely in Salisbury as mitigation mitigation will be problematic. problematic. Salisbury as mitigation will be problematic. will be problematic. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently Tidworth/Ludgershall is not currently assessed and assessed as facing particular air assessed as facing particular air quality assessed as facing particular air quality as facing particular air quality issues and there Ludgershall quality issues and there are currently issues and there are currently no AQMAs issues and there are currently no AQMAs are currently no AQMAs apparent in the no AQMAs apparent in the apparent in the settlement. All new apparent in the settlement. All new settlement. All new development is likely to settlement. All new development is development is likely to have some development is likely to have some adverse have some adverse effects, but mitigation is likely to have some adverse effects, adverse effects, but mitigation is effects, but mitigation is achievable. Likely achievable. Likely minor adverse effects for all but mitigation is achievable. Likely achievable. Likely minor adverse effects minor adverse effects for all strategies. strategies. minor adverse effects for all for all strategies. strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment Boscombe/Porton is not currently subject to settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this any AQMAs, but a new community would strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. impact on local air quality due to increased levels of traffic. New development will also increase local levels of noise and light pollution. Amesbury is the nearest settlement to Boscombe/Porton. As identified above, Amesbury was most recently assessed as facing no air quality issues and no AQMAs have been declared, but the current AQS requires an update. As no specific location is known, minor adverse effects are considered likely at this stage. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse All new development is likely to have All new development is likely to have Effects are likely to be significantly greater. All new development is likely to have some some adverse effects in terms of air, some adverse effects in terms of air, Due to uncertainties in development location, adverse effects in terms of air, noise, light and

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Rest of noise, light and other pollutants. Due noise, light and other pollutants. Due to it is likely that there would be moderate other pollutants. Due to uncertainties in HMA to uncertainties in development uncertainties in development location, it adverse effects on objective 4. development location, it is likely that there location, it is likely that there would be is likely that there would be minor would be minor adverse effects on objective 4. minor adverse effects on objective 4. adverse effects on objective 4. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 Overall, it is likely that this strategy -1 Overall, it is likely that this strategy -1.2 Overall, it is likely that this strategy -1.2 Overall, it is likely that this strategy would score for would have a minor adverse effect would have a minor adverse effect on would have a minor adverse effect on have a minor adverse effect on Objective four, this SA on Objective 4. The only likely Objective 4. The only likely significant Objective four, but effects are likely to be but effects are likely to be greater than significant effects are at Salisbury. effects are at Salisbury. Likely effects at greater than Strategies SA-A and SA-B. Strategies SA-A and SA-B. Significant effects objective Likely effects at other locations are other locations are minor adverse. Significant effects are considered likely in are considered likely in Salisbury and minor adverse. Further assessment of Further assessment of individual both Salisbury and the Rest of the HMA due additional adverse effects likely in a new individual development sites will allow development sites will allow a greater to the levels of growth proposed. community in the Boscombe Down/Porton a greater degree of accuracy of likely degree of accuracy of likely effects. area. effects. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategies SA-C and SA-D score equally and are considered the least sustainable options with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely.

• All development strategies lead to additional development and are therefore likely to lead to increased environmental pollution in all locations. However, as development locations are not known, likely effects and potential mitigation measures are difficult to predict.

• All strategies in Salisbury are considered likely to result in significant adverse effects because of the scale of growth and the fact that Salisbury already has considerable pressures on the local transport network and three existing AQMAs. There are no other AQMAs identified within this HMA.

• At Porton/Boscombe Down, there may be opportunities to ensure that effects on this objective are minimised in line with the Wiltshire Air Quality Strategy, particularly in locations where there are no existing AQMAs apparent. However, there is some risk that introducing large scale development here could lead to air quality issues, particularly in the Boscombe/Porton area where there are identified pinch points that are not yet monitored for exceedance of nitrogen dioxide.

• It is recommended that where development takes place, improvements in sustainable transport options should be sought to alleviate air quality concerns. Development should consider walking and cycling friendly design that promotes and improves safety for these methods.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages

DAQ 3: Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere? Fluvial flood-risk, along with surface and groundwater flooding form part of the settlement-level analysis below. The cumulative effect of development was also considered in order to identify those catchments where an increase in flows as a result of development would have the greatest effect on downstream flood risk. This analysis is based on a strategic assessment of flood risk. Local knowledge will be applied when specific development locations are identified. In terms of flood-risk potential at settlements the following can be stated:

Salisbury is at high risk of river flooding and at low risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative effect of development is assessed as moderate.

Amesbury is at low risk of river and groundwater flooding and at moderate risk of surface water flooding. The cumulative effect of development is assessed as moderate.

Tidworth-Ludgershall is at low risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative effect of development is assessed as moderate.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury The town’s flood issues are principally The town’s flood issues are principally The town’s flood issues are principally The town’s flood issues are principally related to surface water potential. The related to surface water potential. The related to surface water potential. The related to surface water potential. The River Avon flows to the west of the town. River Avon flows to the west of the town. River Avon flows to the west of the town. River Avon flows to the west of the town. New development is likely to be able to New development is likely to be able to New development is likely to be able to New development is likely to be able to avoid areas of flood risk. Minor adverse effects are therefore likely. avoid areas of flood risk. Minor adverse avoid areas of flood risk. Minor adverse avoid areas of flood risk. Minor adverse effects are therefore likely. effects are therefore likely. effects are therefore likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury The city is particularly at risk through The city is particularly at risk through fluvial The city is particularly at risk through fluvial The city is particularly at risk through fluvial fluvial flooding arising from the Avon and flooding arising from the Avon and four flooding arising from the Avon and four flooding arising from the Avon and four four other rivers that converge. other rivers that converge. Development other rivers that converge. Development other rivers that converge. This lower level Development may be able to take place may be able to take place without may be able to take place without of development may be able to take place without increasing flood risk but as site increasing flood risk but as site locations increasing flood risk but as site locations locations are not known, all strategies for are not known, all strategies for are not known, all strategies for without increasing flood risk but as site Salisbury/Wilton are considered likely to Salisbury/Wilton are considered likely to Salisbury/Wilton are considered likely to locations are not known, all strategies for have moderate adverse effects given the have moderate adverse effects given the have moderate adverse effects given the Salisbury/Wilton are considered likely to scale of growth proposed. scale of growth proposed. scale of growth proposed. have moderate adverse effects given the scale of growth proposed. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse

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Tidworth Tidworth/Ludgershall is at low risk of river Tidworth/Ludgershall is at low risk of river Tidworth/Ludgershall is at low risk of river Tidworth-Ludgershall is at low risk of river and flooding and at moderate risk of surface flooding and at moderate risk of surface flooding and at moderate risk of surface flooding and at moderate risk of surface Ludgershall water and groundwater flooding. water and groundwater flooding. water and groundwater flooding. water and groundwater flooding. Development proposed under all Development proposed under all strategies Development proposed under all strategies Development proposed under all strategies strategies should be able to take place should be able to take place without should be able to take place without should be able to take place without without significant impacts. Minor adverse significant impacts. Minor adverse likely. likely. significant impacts. Minor adverse likely. significant impacts. Minor adverse likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment The potential for a new settlement presents settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this opportunities to find strategic solutions to strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. constraints. A new settlement in the Boscombe Down/ Porton area could have this advantage as regards flood resilience. There are areas of flood risk associated with the River Bourne that flows to the south and east of Boscombe Down. At this stage, the precautionary approach is required since Amesbury itself has surface water issues. Minor adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Under this strategy moderate growth is Under this strategy moderate growth is Under this strategy substantial growth is Under this strategy moderate growth is HMA directed to Rest of HMA. At this strategic directed to Rest of HMA. At this strategic directed to Rest of HMA. At this strategic directed to Rest of HMA. At this strategic stage it is difficult to predict which lower- stage it is difficult to predict which lower- stage it is difficult to predict which lower- stage it is difficult to predict which lower- order settlements would be most affected order settlements would be most affected order settlements would be most affected order settlements would be most affected by development, and what the flood-risks by development, and what the flood-risks by development, and what the flood-risks by development, and what the flood-risks would therefore be. On this basis minor would therefore be. On this basis minor would therefore be. However, given this would therefore be. On this basis minor adverse effects are likely. adverse effects are signalled. increased level of growth and that many adverse effects are signalled. rural settlements are located on rivers and have flood issues, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 This strategy is likely to have minor -1 This strategy is considered likely to have -1.2 This strategy is likely to present minor -1.2 This strategy is considered to have score for adverse effects as regards flood risk. minor adverse effects as regards flood adverse effects as regards flood risk. likely minor adverse effects as regards this SA Significant effects are most likely at risk. Significant effects are most likely at Significant effects are most likely at flood risk. Significant effects are most likely Salisbury/Wilton. Salisbury/Wilton. Salisbury/Wilton and in the Rest of the at Salisbury/Wilton with additional impacts objective HMA. Effects are more significant than SA- likely from a new settlement. Effects are A and SA-B. more significant than SA-A and SA-B. Conclusions/Recommendations: • Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A, SA-B and SA-C score equally and are the most sustainable strategies against this objective. • Strategy SA-C scores equally and are considered the least sustainable options with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely.

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• Whilst all areas across Salisbury HMA demonstrate some areas at risk of flooding, the most constrained location is Salisbury/Wilton. All strategies propose a significant amount of growth at Salisbury and therefore there is a likelihood of significant effects at Salisbury/Wilton. • SA-C proposes a significant increase in growth in the rural part of the HMA and therefore, because many rural settlements are located on rivers and have flood issues, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. However, likely effects will depend on any future location of development. • A new settlement in the broad Porton/Boscombe Down area offers opportunities that could promote flood resilience and could offer strategic solutions to flooding elsewhere.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Conserve and enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? Whilst this level of analysis makes reference to designated and non-designated heritage assets, these will be appraised in more detail at site-specific stage. At this strategic stage in/around the settlements the following is to be noted.

Salisbury: Growth in/around Salisbury would notably impact upon heritage assets including Salisbury Cathedral / setting, Old Sarum scheduled monument and the city’s conservation areas and settings. Development in/around nearby Wilton would notably impact upon assets including Wilton House GR1 listed building, Wilton Park registered park & garden, the conservation area and St Mary & Nicholas Church scheduled monument.

Amesbury: adverse impacts could result against important heritage features, including the Abbey/setting, and the setting of the World Heritage Site to the town’s west.

Tidworth-Ludgershall: Ludgershall has its Castle (scheduled monument) and a historic core conservation area with numerous listed buildings and their respective settings. Tidworth, meanwhile, includes the designed settings of Tedworth House and Tidworth Barracks.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury It is likely that the level of growth Level of growth is lower in this strategy, but Level of growth is lower in this strategy, but Level of growth is lower in this strategy, but proposed would have moderate moderate adverse effects are still considered moderate adverse effects are still moderate adverse effects are still considered adverse effects which would be likely. In addition to the World Heritage Site considered likely. In addition to the World likely. In addition to the World Heritage Site difficult to mitigate. In addition to the to the west, numerous individual SMs Heritage Site to the west, numerous to the west, numerous individual SMs World Heritage Site to the west, surround the town and contribute to an area individual SMs surround the town and surround the town and contribute to an area numerous individual SMs surround the of overall high archaeological potential. contribute to an area of overall high of overall high archaeological potential. town and contribute to an area of Amesbury Down and Earl’s Farm Down are archaeological potential. Amesbury Down Amesbury Down and Earl’s Farm Down are overall high archaeological potential. noted areas of evidence survival. Boscombe and Earl’s Farm Down are noted areas of noted areas of evidence survival. Boscombe Amesbury Down and Earl’s Farm Down (south-east) is an important military evidence survival. Boscombe Down (south- Down (south-east) is an important military Down are noted areas of evidence installation from WWI through to the Cold east) is an important military installation installation from WWI through to the Cold survival. Boscombe Down (south-east) War and present day. With this and from WWI through to the Cold War and War and present day. With this and is an important military installation designated and non-designated assets borne present day. With this and designated and designated and non-designated assets borne

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from WWI through to the Cold War in mind moderate adverse effects are likely non-designated assets borne in mind in mind moderate adverse effects are likely and present day. With this and at Amesbury. moderate adverse effects are likely at at Amesbury. designated and non-designated Amesbury. assets borne in mind moderate adverse effects are likely at Amesbury. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Salisbury There are a significant number of There are a significant number of heritage There are a significant number of heritage There are a significant number of heritage heritage designations around designations around Salisbury/Wilton which designations around Salisbury/Wilton designations around Salisbury/Wilton which Salisbury/Wilton which could be could be harmed by development. As no which could be harmed by development. could be harmed by development. As no harmed by development. As no locations for development are known at this As no locations for development are known locations for development are known at this locations for development are known stage, the scale of growth for all strategies is at this stage, the scale of growth for all stage, the scale of growth for all strategies is at this stage, the scale of growth for all considered likely to have moderate adverse strategies is considered likely to have considered likely to have moderate adverse strategies is considered likely to have effects. moderate adverse effects. effects. moderate adverse effects. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Tidworth/Ludgershall are less Tidworth/Ludgershall are less constrained in Tidworth/Ludgershall are less constrained Tidworth/Ludgershall are less constrained in and constrained in heritage terms and new heritage terms and new development is likely in heritage terms and new development is heritage terms and new development is likely Ludgershall development is likely to be able to be to be able to be accommodated without likely to be able to be accommodated to be able to be accommodated without accommodated without significant significant effects. However, further, more without significant effects. However, significant effects. However, further, more effects. However, further, more detailed assessment at site level will further, more detailed assessment at site detailed assessment at site level will detailed assessment at site level will establish further. level will establish further. establish further establish further. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment The new community would be a significant settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this sized development. Depending on the strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. location, it may be possible to avoid significant effects on heritage assets. However, the Porton/Boscombe Down area is archaeologically important and there are a number of heritage designations, including WHS. At this current stage, moderate adverse effects likely. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of Development at this scale could avoid Development at this scale could avoid Development under SA-C is significantly Development at this scale could avoid HMA significant adverse effects, depending significant adverse effects, depending on higher than the other strategies. The significant adverse effects, depending on on location. The geographic area of location. The geographic area of the HMA is proposed quantum of development may be location. The geographic area of the HMA is the HMA is large. At this stage, minor large. At this stage, minor adverse effects difficult to accommodate in the rural area large. At this stage, minor adverse effects adverse effects likely. likely. and moderate adverse effects are likely. considered likely.

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Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.2 Overall the strategy indicates that -1.2 Overall the strategy indicates that minor -1.4 Overall the strategy indicates that -1.6 Overall the strategy is considered likely score for minor adverse effects are likely. adverse effects are likely. minor adverse effects are likely. However, to have moderate adverse effects. this SA effects are more significant than SA-A and SA-B. objective Conclusions/Recommendations: • Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-B score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective. • Strategy SA-D is the least sustainable option with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely and an overall moderate adverse effect. • Given the number and importance of heritage designations around Salisbury and Amesbury, all of the strategies are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects in those settlements given the scale of growth proposed. • Tidworth/Ludgershall is considered less constrained for new development in heritage terms where minor adverse effects are considered likely across all strategies. • For a new settlement in the Boscombe Down/Porton area, there would be a number of considerations as to its location, as the Porton/Boscombe Down area is archaeologically important and there are a number of heritage designations, including the World Heritage Site. At this current stage, without further knowledge of the location of this new settlement, moderate adverse effects are considered likely.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise impact on and where appropriate enhance nationally designated landscapes and their settings and locally valued landscapes? Whilst this strategic-level analysis appraises designated and locally valued assets, local ones will become even more prominent during detailed / site-specific SA. At this stage it is important to note the following at the settlements.

Tidworth-Ludgershall: Ludgershall is set within an open, arable landscape that is visually exposed and sensitive to large-scale development. Northwards lies the North Wessex AONB. To the north and west of Tidworth, meanwhile, the downland landscape of Salisbury Plain soon becomes evident and would require consideration.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA)

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Amesbury The eastern side of Amesbury has It is considered more likely that this can be It is considered more likely that this can It is considered more likely that this can be less landscape constraints - there are accommodated without having significant be accommodated without having accommodated without having significant no specific landscape designations. landscape effects. significant landscape effects. landscape effects. However, other parts of the town are Minor effects are considered likely overall. Minor effects are considered likely overall. Minor effects are considered likely overall. more sensitive and in closer proximity to the WHS and Amesbury Abbey and Park. Moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury All strategies propose a significant All strategies propose a significant level of All strategies propose a significant level of All strategies propose a significant level of level of growth at Salisbury. There is growth at Salisbury. There is potential for growth at Salisbury. There is potential for growth at Salisbury. There is potential for potential for significant adverse significant adverse landscape effects and significant adverse landscape effects and significant adverse landscape effects and landscape effects and harm to key harm to key views to/from Salisbury harm to key views to/from Salisbury harm to key views to/from Salisbury Cathedral views to/from Salisbury Cathedral and Cathedral and Old Sarum, depending on Cathedral and Old Sarum, depending on and Old Sarum, depending on where new Old Sarum, depending on where new where new development is located. At this where new development is located. At development is located. At this strategic stage development is located. At this strategic stage of the assessment, until more this strategic stage of the assessment, of the assessment, until more detail is strategic stage of the assessment, detail is available of specific locations, until more detail is available of specific available of specific locations, moderate until more detail is available of specific moderate adverse effects are considered locations, moderate adverse effects are adverse effects are considered likely for all locations, moderate adverse effects likely for all strategy distributions. considered likely for all strategy strategy distributions. are considered likely for all strategy distributions. distributions. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth Ludgershall is sensitive to large-scale Ludgershall is sensitive to large-scale Ludgershall is sensitive to large-scale Ludgershall is sensitive to large-scale and development and the North Wessex development and the North Wessex Downs development and the North Wessex development and the North Wessex Downs Ludgershall Downs AONB lies in close proximity to AONB lies in close proximity to the north. At Downs AONB lies in close proximity to AONB lies in close proximity to the north. At the north. At Tidworth, the downland Tidworth, the downland landscape of the north. At Tidworth, the downland Tidworth, the downland landscape of Salisbury landscape of Salisbury Plain would Salisbury Plain would require consideration. landscape of Salisbury Plain would Plain would require consideration. However, it require consideration. However, it is However, it is considered that new require consideration. However, it is is considered that new development on this considered that new development on development on this scale could take place considered that new development on this scale could take place without significant this scale could take place without without significant effects. scale could take place without significant effects. significant effects. effects. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment It is likely that a new settlement of this scale in settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this the Porton/Boscombe Down area could have strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. significant landscape impacts. There is the potential to adversely affect the World Heritage Site (Stonehenge component) and its ‘outstanding universal value’ through factors that include inter alia light pollution. Development on the upper slopes of the chalk landscape would be highly visible. The area south-east of Amesbury occupies and is

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surrounded by a special landscape area (Salisbury SLA). These factors combine to suggest likely significant adverse effects. However, depending on location, it is considered that landscape-scale mitigation would be feasible, indicating moderate adverse effects for a new community overall. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of The rural parts of the HMA are The rural parts of the HMA are affected The rural parts of the HMA are affected The rural parts of the HMA are affected HMA affected variously by AONB variously by AONB designations, Special variously by AONB designations, Special variously by AONB designations, Special designations, Special Landscape Landscape Areas, New Forest National Park Landscape Areas, New Forest National Landscape Areas, New Forest National Park Areas, New Forest National Park and and a range of historic settings which could Park and a range of historic settings and a range of historic settings which could be a range of historic settings which be adversely affected by new development. which could be adversely affected by new adversely affected by new development. It could be adversely affected by new It may be possible to accommodate SA-B development. It may be possible to may be possible to accommodate SA-D development. It may be possible to growth without likely significant effects, but accommodate SA-C growth without likely growth without likely significant effects, but accommodate SA-A growth without further knowledge of locations would be significant effects, but further knowledge further knowledge of locations would be likely significant effects, but further required. At this strategic level, moderate of locations would be required. At this required. At this strategic level, moderate knowledge of locations would be adverse effects are considered likely for all strategic level, moderate adverse effects adverse effects are considered likely for all required. At this strategic level, strategies. are considered likely for all strategies. strategies. moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all strategies. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.4 Overall, minor adverse effects -1.2 Overall, minor adverse effects are -1.2 Overall, minor adverse effects are -1.6 Overall, the strategy suggests moderate score for are likely. likely. likely. adverse effects. this SA objective Conclusions/Recommendations: • Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA- A, SA-B and SA-C score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective. • Strategy SA-D is the least sustainable option with a greater number of adverse effects considered likely and an overall moderate adverse effect. • It is considered that the level of growth proposed in all strategies for Salisbury is likely to have significant adverse effects. There is potential for significant impacts and harm to key views to/from Salisbury Cathedral and Old Sarum, depending on where new development is located. There are also a number of village conservation areas outside the city that could be harmed. • Amesbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall are considered to be less constrained in landscape terms and could accommodate proposed growth, depending on the location, whilst avoiding significant effects on the World Heritage Site and North Wessex Downs AONB. • Significant adverse effects are considered likely for any new settlement of the size proposed in the Porton/Boscombe Down area with potential for impacts on the World Heritage Site and Special Landscape Area. However, development on this scale could also offer opportunities for landscape-scale mitigation such as Green Infrastructure and biodiversity enhancement. It is suggested that the new settlement location be the subject of further analysis to assess whether it could be sustainably designed without detriment to surrounding landscapes and assets.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Provide an adequate supply of affordable housing?

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Delivery of housing in Salisbury and Wilton has been below planned rates, mainly due to delays in strategic allocations coming forward for development, although they have been exceeding delivery expectation in recent years. 26% of homes built at Salisbury during the period 1/4/09 – 31/3/18 were affordable housing, against a target of 40%. However, delivery of the strategic housing allocation at Laverstock and Ford in the Southern CA increases this to 63%. Only 10% were affordable at Wilton, well below target levels. The house price to earnings ratio is now 11.93 for Wilton and 9.05 for Salisbury.

For the rest of the housing market area (the rural area) homes have been delivered at or above expected levels with the exception of the Tisbury area which has experienced below planned levels of development. Affordability ratios are, however, higher in rural areas, which reflects the limited supply of homes at large and small villages in recent years.

The updated housing requirement means that growth for the HMA will be lower (by approximately 1,400 homes) than the number of homes allocated for 2006 – 2026 under the WCS.

SA conclusions relate to the ability of the strategy to deliver affordable homes where they are needed and where house price to income ratios are highest.

DAQ 2: Support the provision of a range of house types and sizes to meet the needs of all sectors of the community? Developments providing a mix of house types and sizes can be delivered on small or large sites. For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this n aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area of the HMA) Amesbury The housing requirement for Amesbury The housing requirement for Amesbury The housing requirement for Amesbury The housing requirement for Amesbury under Strategy A is lower than that in the under Strategy B is the same as for under Strategy C is the same as for under Strategy D is the same as for current WCS. Taking into account existing Strategies C and D, and significantly lower Strategies B and D, and significantly Strategies B and C, and significantly lower commitments this leaves a residual than SA-A. Taking into account existing lower than SA-A. Taking into account than SA-A. Taking into account existing requirement of 785 dwellings. It is commitments there would be no residual existing commitments there would be commitments there would be no residual considered that the scale of growth under requirement under this scenario, meaning no residual requirement under this requirement for the town under this scenario. this strategy would be likely to have a that there is a risk of a hiatus in housing scenario, meaning that there is a risk of However, this scenario does include the moderate positive effect on the supply of delivery in the latter part of the plan period, a hiatus in housing delivery in the latter provision of a new community of 2,000 affordable homes for Amesbury. although the extent that this would happen is part of the plan period. It is considered dwellings in the Porton/ Boscombe Down uncertain. It is considered that the scale of that the scale of growth under this area, which could be close to Amesbury. If

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growth under this strategy would be likely to strategy would be likely to have a this is the case it is considered that the scale have a neutral effect on the supply of neutral effect on the supply of of growth under this strategy would be likely affordable homes for Amesbury. affordable homes for Amesbury. to have a positive effect on the supply of affordable homes for Amesbury in the longer term. Due to the lead time required to establish growth of this scale and form, it is unlikely to deliver until later in the plan period. If the new community is located away from Amesbury, effects would be dependent on the types of employment and jobs that will be provided at this location as part of the wider development of the area. For this reason, the effects are predicted as minor positive. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor positive Salisbury Existing commitments would deliver a Existing commitments would deliver a Existing commitments would deliver a The housing requirement for Salisbury under significant proportion of the housing significant proportion of the housing significant proportion of the housing this scenario is the lowest of the four requirement for Salisbury and Wilton requirement for Salisbury and Wilton leaving requirement for Salisbury and Wilton strategic options. Existing commitments leaving 840 additional dwellings to be an additional 2,045 dwellings to be identified leaving 840 dwellings to be identified to would leave a residual housing requirement identified to maintain supply to 2036. This to maintain supply to 2036. This is a maintain supply to 2036. This is a lower of 375 homes for Salisbury and Wilton up to rolls forward a lower level of growth than marginally higher level of growth than in the level of growth than in the current WCS, 2036. Existing commitments would be in the current WCS. It is unclear whether current WCS. It is considered that the scale and the same as for Strategy A. It is unlikely to provide a consistent supply up to existing commitments would provide a of growth under this strategy would be likely unclear whether existing commitments 2036. It is considered that the scale of consistent supply up to 2036. It is to have a minor positive effect on the supply would provide a consistent supply up to growth under this strategy would be likely to considered that the scale of growth under of affordable homes for Salisbury/Wilton. 2036. It is considered that the scale of have a minor adverse effect on the supply of this strategy would be likely to have a growth under this strategy would be affordable homes for Salisbury and Wilton. minor adverse effect on the supply of likely to have a minor adverse effect on affordable homes for Salisbury and the supply of affordable homes for Wilton. Salisbury and Wilton. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Tidworth The residual requirement for Tidworth and The housing requirement for Tidworth and The housing requirement for Tidworth The housing requirement for Tidworth and and Ludgershall would be 95 dwellings which Ludgershall under Strategy B is the same as and Ludgershall under Strategy C is the Ludgershall under Strategy D is the same as Ludgershall would mean that the rate of house for Strategies C and D - significantly lower same as for Strategies B and D - for Strategies B and C - significantly lower building could drop notably for the latter than in the current WCS. Taking into account significantly lower than in the current than in the current WCS. Taking into account part of the plan period under this existing commitments there would be no WCS. Taking into account existing existing commitments there would be no scenario. It is considered that the scale of residual requirement under this scenario, commitments there would be no residual requirement under this scenario, growth under this strategy would be likely meaning that there is a risk of a hiatus in residual requirement under this meaning that there is a risk of a hiatus in to have a neutral effect on the supply of housing delivery in the latter part of the plan scenario, meaning that there is a risk of housing delivery in the latter part of the plan affordable homes for Tidworth and period. It is considered that the scale of a hiatus in housing delivery in the latter period. It is considered that the scale of Ludgershall. growth under this strategy would be likely to part of the plan period. It is considered growth under this strategy would be likely to have a minor negative effect on the supply of that the scale of growth under this have a minor negative effect on the supply of strategy would be likely to have a minor

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affordable homes for Tidworth and negative effect on the supply of affordable homes for Tidworth and Ludgershall. affordable homes for Tidworth and Ludgershall. Ludgershall. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment This strategy includes the provision of a new settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this community of 2,000 dwellings in the strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. Porton/Boscombe Down area. It is considered that the scale of growth would be likely to have a moderate positive effect on the supply of affordable homes in the HMA in the longer term and could also benefit Amesbury which sees a significant drop in its requirement in this strategy. Due to the lead time required to establish growth of this scale and form, it is unlikely to deliver until later in the plan period. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of Taking into account existing Taking into account existing commitments, Taking into account existing Taking into account existing commitments, HMA commitments, there would be a residual there would be a residual requirement of 745 commitments, there would be a residual there would be a residual requirement of 620 requirement of 830 dwellings under this dwellings under this scenario. Under requirement of 1,950 dwellings under dwellings under this scenario. scenario. Strategy B the housing requirements for this scenario. Under Strategy C the The housing requirements for 2016 – 2036 A continuation of relatively low levels of 2016 – 2036, to be met at small and large housing requirement would be under this strategy would mean a housing housing growth at small and large villages villages, would be similar to that in the significantly higher than the other requirement to be met at small and large is likely to exacerbate affordability issues current WCS (the same as Strategy A). The strategies, to be delivered at small and villages lower than that in the current WCS. in these parts of the Rest of the HMA. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable large villages in the HMA. This is The opportunity for the delivery of affordable opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural areas is however limited by significantly more than allocated in the housing in rural areas is however limited by housing in rural areas is however limited appropriate site size and therefore the WCS for the current plan period. appropriate site size and therefore the by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to The opportunity for the delivery of quantity of new affordable homes is likely to quantity of new affordable homes is likely be small. These factors on balance is likely affordable housing in rural areas is be small. These factors on balance is likely to be small. These factors on balance is to result in a minor adverse effect on the limited by appropriate site size but this to result in a minor adverse effect on the likely to result in a minor adverse effect on supply of affordable homes in the rest of the significant increase is likely to be supply of affordable homes in the rest of the the supply of affordable homes in the rest HMA. positive overall against this objective HMA. of the HMA. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor adverse Average 0 Overall, the assessment of the strategy -0.2 Overall, the assessment of the strategy -0.2 Overall, the assessment of the 0 Overall, the assessment of the strategy score for indicates that neutral effects are likely. indicates that minor adverse effects are strategy indicates that minor adverse indicates that neutral effects are likely. this SA likely. effects are likely. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

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Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SA-A and SA-D score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective. Both strategies are likely to have a neutral effect on this objective. Strategies SA-B and SA-C score equally and are considered the least sustainable strategies. Both strategies are likely to have a minor adverse effect on this objective.

However, overall, the housing requirement for the Salisbury HMA is lower (by approx. 1,400 dwellings) than for the current plan period. Given that the % of affordable homes delivered against the current plan requirement has been below target levels, the housing requirement for this HMA against the next plan period is therefore unlikely to address any shortfall in provision of affordable homes. This is primarily because existing commitments are likely to be built out before the end of the plan period, potentially creating a slowdown in housing construction (and provision of affordable homes) in the HMA during the latter half of the plan period.

A rural facilities survey should be undertaken to identify where the provision of homes could be targeted to help support the vitality of rural settlements in the HMA.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Maximise opportunities within the most deprived areas? Salisbury/Wilton are subject to area of high deprivation, with 13% of the population living in area with high deprivation scores. It is the only settlement in the Salisbury HMA that is subject to an area of deprivation.

Older people in Salisbury/Wilton, Tidworth/Ludgershall and Amesbury are more at risk of social isolation than Wiltshire as a whole.

Additionally, a higher than Wiltshire average proportion of 0-25 year olds in Tidworth/Ludgershall are supported by social care.

In the Rest of the HMA, a higher proportion than the Wiltshire average of children in Downton and Whiteparish are currently supported by CAF.

Page | 154 levels of development (around 7000 new homes) would be able to support a new secondary school in the area. The needs of up to 1000 homes could be accommodated at Avon Valley College and additional expansion could be an opportunity.

Current educational facilities are under pressure and the expansion of Stonehenge School is underway to meet existing known demand. A new local primary school is due to open and additional opportunities for expansion are available, but growth upwards of 350 new homes would require new provision.

At Salisbury/Wilton there is capacity is identified across the secondary schools and some surplus capacity among primary schools. A new primary school has been secured, in addition, in supply of places is forecast from 2024 onwards as planned expansion will meet known demand. Health centres are located within both Salisbury and Wilton, providing a range of services. Substantial levels of growth would require the provision of new facilities but identifying suitable land may be difficult. The healthcare centre in Salisbury is currently subject to a shortfall in provision (-227m2). This gap is expected remedied by the redevelopment of Salisbury City surgery. An additional surgery could come forward at Old Sarum.

In the Rest of the HMA, Downton and Whiteparish are currently subject to a gap in GP provision (-367m2). This is not forecast to change by 2026.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury CH-A proposes higher levels of growth SA-B to SA-D all propose the same lower SA-B to SA-D all propose the same lower SA-B to SA-D all propose the same lower than current WCS. This level of growth level of housing growth and no employment. level of housing growth and no level of housing growth and no employment. may place additional pressures on This is unlikely to place significant pressure employment. This is unlikely to place This is unlikely to place significant pressure existing services and facilities – there on existing services and facilities and should significant pressure on existing services on existing services and facilities and should is currently significant pressure on have benefits in terms of provision of and facilities and should have benefits in have benefits in terms of provision of health and education facilities in the affordable housing and new or expanded terms of provision of affordable housing affordable housing and new or expanded town. However, it should also have facilities, and creation of new areas of public and new or expanded facilities, and facilities, and creation of new areas of public benefits in terms of provision of open space that could help reduce social creation of new areas of public open space open space that could help reduce social affordable housing and new or isolation and allow physical exercise. New that could help reduce social isolation and isolation and allow physical exercise. The expanded facilities, and creation of development is considered likely to be more allow physical exercise. New development new community proposed at new areas of public open space that positive than negative in terms of reducing is considered likely to be more positive Porton/Boscombe Down may be in close could help reduce social isolation and poverty and deprivation and promoting more than negative in terms of reducing poverty proximity to Amesbury and may also benefit allow physical exercise. New and deprivation and promoting more the town. It would also include 8ha

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development is considered likely to be inclusive communities. Overall, minor inclusive communities. Overall, minor employment but may not be delivered until more positive than negative in terms positive effects are considered likely positive effects are considered likely later in the plan period. At this stage, these of reducing poverty and deprivation effects are uncertain. Overall, minor positive and promoting more inclusive effects are considered likely communities. Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Salisbury This level of housing growth at Strategy SA-B focuses on Salisbury and This level of housing growth at Salisbury/ This level of housing growth at Salisbury/ Salisbury/ Wilton is lower than current proposes a higher level of growth than Wilton is lower than current WCS Wilton is much lower than current WCS WCS requirement but includes 8ha current WCS requirement and 10ha requirement and includes 3.5ha requirement and only includes 2ha employment. This level of growth may employment. This level of growth may place employment. This level of growth may employment. This level of growth may place place additional pressures on existing additional pressures on existing services and place additional pressures on existing additional pressures on existing services and services and facilities – there is facilities – there is currently significant services and facilities – there is currently facilities – there is currently significant currently significant pressure on health pressure on health and education facilities in significant pressure on health and pressure on health and education facilities in and education facilities in the city. the city. However, it should also have education facilities in the city. However, it the city. However, it should also have However, it should also have benefits significant benefits in terms of provision of should also have benefits in terms of benefits in terms of provision of affordable in terms of provision of affordable affordable housing and new or expanded provision of affordable housing and new or housing and new or expanded facilities, and housing and new or expanded facilities, and creation of new areas of public expanded facilities, and creation of new creation of new areas of public open space facilities, and creation of new areas of open space that could help reduce social areas of public open space that could help that could help reduce social isolation and public open space that could help isolation and allow physical exercise. New reduce social isolation and allow physical allow physical exercise. New development is reduce social isolation and allow development is considered likely to be more exercise. New development is considered considered likely to be more positive than physical exercise. New development positive than negative in terms of reducing likely to be more positive than negative in negative in terms of reducing poverty and is considered likely to be more positive poverty and deprivation and promoting more terms of reducing poverty and deprivation deprivation and promoting more inclusive than negative in terms of reducing inclusive communities. Overall, moderate and promoting more inclusive communities. communities. Because this strategy poverty and deprivation and promoting positive effects are considered likely. Overall, minor positive effects are proposes a lower level of growth than all more inclusive communities. Overall, considered likely. other strategies, only minor positive effects minor positive effects are considered are considered likely. likely. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Tidworth This growth proposed at Tidworth and The levels of growth in SA-B to SA-D are The levels of growth in SA-B to SA-D are The levels of growth in SA-B to SA-D are and Ludgershall is comparatively high very similar and significantly lower than very similar and significantly lower than very similar and significantly lower than Ludgershall compared to other strategies but current WCS requirement. Development is current WCS requirement. Development is current WCS requirement. below current WCS requirement. likely to be positive overall although may be likely to be positive overall although may Development is likely to be positive overall Development is likely to be positive some short-term pressure on services and be some short-term pressure on services although may be some short-term pressure overall although may be some short- facilities. New development is considered and facilities. New development is on services and facilities. New development term pressure on services and likely to be more positive than negative in considered likely to be more positive than is considered likely to be more positive than facilities. New development is terms of reducing poverty and deprivation negative in terms of reducing poverty and negative in terms of reducing poverty and considered likely to be more positive and promoting more inclusive communities. deprivation and promoting more inclusive deprivation and promoting more inclusive than negative in terms of reducing communities. communities. poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive

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New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment This strategy proposes a substantial new settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this community in the Boscombe Down/Porton strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. area. This could benefit both the surrounding rural area and Amesbury as the nearest town through significant provision of affordable housing, new infrastructure, public transport networks, employment and public open space. Whilst this may cause short-term disruption to nearby communities, the longer- term benefits are likely to be significant. Overall, moderate positive effects are likely towards the back end of the plan period. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of Some services and facilities in the Some services and facilities in the rural . Compared to the other strategies, this is Some services and facilities in the rural HMA rural areas are under pressure, areas are under pressure, especially GP and considered likely to have moderate positive areas are under pressure, especially GP and especially GP and public transport public transport services, and new effects on this objective. public transport services, and new services, and new development could development could increase pressure if not development could increase pressure if not increase pressure if not accompanied accompanied by adequate infrastructure. accompanied by adequate infrastructure. by adequate infrastructure. However, However, new development is considered However, new development is considered new development is considered likely likely to be more positive than negative in likely to be more positive than negative in to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation terms of reducing poverty and deprivation terms of reducing poverty and and promoting more inclusive and promoting more inclusive communities. deprivation and promoting more communities.Overall, minor positive effects Overall, minor positive effects are likely inclusive communities. Overall, minor are likely without knowing specific locations without knowing specific locations for new positive effects are likely without for new development. development. knowing specific locations for new development. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.2 Overall, this strategy is likely to 1 Overall, this strategy is likely to have a 1.2 Overall, this strategy is likely to have a 1.2 Overall, this strategy is likely to have a score for have a minor positive effect on minor positive effect on Objective 9. minor positive effect on Objective 9. minor positive effect on Objective 9. this SA Objective 9. objective Conclusions/Recommendations: New development in different parts of the HMA is considered to be positive overall, through provision of affordable housing and new or expanded health, education, cultural and recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities.

All of the strategies scored similarly in the assessment, however strategies SA-A, SA-C and SA-D are marginally more sustainable as there is more likelihood of benefits.

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Strategy SA-B has marginally less benefits and is considered the least sustainable option.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Each of the main settlements within this HMA possess bus travel options to varying degrees to offer alternatives to private car travel. Rail links within this HMA are not universal with the main rail option being present in Salisbury. When looking at the rest of the HMA, many of these locations are positioned in less accessible locations than the market towns and principle settlements and may increase the reliance on the private car, often being positioned further away from many amenities or public transport services.

DAQ 2: Provide suitable access and not significantly exacerbate issues of local transport capacity (unless there is evidence that such impacts can be mitigated)? The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain key strategic constraints at each location. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise suitability of access along with the impacts on local transport capacity. More detailed assessment may be possible at the site assessment stage where impacts along with mitigation/improvement measures may become clearer

DAQ 3: Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure?

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The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain elements of the existing transport infrastructure in each broad location that could be utilised sustainably if growth were to take place. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise potential efficient use or impacts upon the existing transport infrastructure. More detailed assessment may be possible at the site assessment stage where the potential for utilisation or improvements to the existing transport infrastructure may become clearer.

The often rural nature of the rest of the HMA leads to a large variance in the nature and availability of transport infrastructure, both in public transport and highway terms. Existing sustainable transport infrastructure in the rest of the housing market area is often limited due to the remote location of certain areas with in-frequent public transport services and accessibility. Efficient use of existing transport systems in these locations is consequently more likely to be constrained by the lack of current infrastructure.

Amesbury does not benefit from a direct rail link within the town and therefor future enhancements in public transport provision are likely to come from enhanced bus service provision. The highway infrastructure present within the town, namely its links to the A303 and the A345 running north/south offer this opportunity to build on the already present bus services in the town. In safe active travel terms, National Cycle Route 45 passes through the town while the Amesbury town cycle network plan provides further information on opportunities to enhance provision, no off road cycle route is currently present to link Amesbury to Salisbury.

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Further development of this type may further develop active travel as a preferred mode of transport for which development should facilitate. A town cycle network plan has been developed to highlight opportunities.

Within the rest of the housing market area there is relatively poor cycle network provision in the rural hinterland and while settlements are connected by Public Rights of Way, the quality and visibility of these routes vary. The bus services are often limited or in-frequent, particularly in more sparsely populated rural areas, though it is acknowledged that growth of towns and villages may offer the opportunity to make some public transport services more viable to these areas.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury Strategy SA-A outlines a relatively SA-B to SA-D all propose the same, SA-B to SA-D all propose the same, lower SA-B to SA-D all propose the same, lower higher housing growth for Amesbury. lower level of growth. This is also level of growth. This is also considered level of growth. This is also considered likely to Currently this is assessed as having a considered likely to have minor adverse likely to have minor adverse effects on the have minor adverse effects on the town’s minor adverse effect given the extent to effects on the town’s transport town’s transport infrastructure. transport infrastructure. which growth will impact existing congestion associated with the town’s infrastructure. links to the A303, along with other routes, and what mitigation may be put in place remains unclear at this stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury All strategies propose a level of growth All strategies propose a level of growth to All strategies propose a level of growth to All strategies propose a level of growth to to Salisbury that is likely to exacerbate Salisbury that is likely to exacerbate Salisbury that is likely to exacerbate Salisbury that is likely to exacerbate existing existing transport issues in the city, existing transport issues in the city, existing transport issues in the city, transport issues in the city, whether below or whether below or above current WCS whether below or above current WCS whether below or above current WCS above current WCS requirement. The requirement. The Salisbury Transport requirement. The Salisbury Transport requirement. The Salisbury Transport Salisbury Transport Strategy was refreshed Strategy was refreshed recently for the Strategy was refreshed recently for the Strategy was refreshed recently for the recently for the WHSAP and may need to be WHSAP and may need to be looked at WHSAP and may need to be looked at WHSAP and may need to be looked at looked at again if mitigation measures are again if mitigation measures are going again if mitigation measures are going to again if mitigation measures are going to going to reduce the level of impacts. For all to reduce the level of impacts. For all reduce the level of impacts. For all reduce the level of impacts. For all strategies, moderate adverse effects are strategies, moderate adverse effects strategies, moderate adverse effects are strategies, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. are considered likely. considered likely. considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth SA-A proposes a slightly higher level of SA-A proposes a slightly higher level of SA-A proposes a slightly higher level of SA-A proposes a slightly higher level of growth and growth to the other strategies but still growth to the other strategies but still growth to the other strategies but still below to the other strategies but still below WCS Ludgershall below WCS requirement. Significant below WCS requirement. Significant WCS requirement. Significant effects are requirement. Significant effects are not effects are not considered likely. Minor effects are not considered likely. Minor not considered likely. Minor adverse effects considered likely. Minor adverse effects likely adverse effects likely for all strategies. adverse effects likely for all strategies. likely for all strategies. for all strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment Strategy SA-D focuses housing growth on the settlement proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this proposed for a new community in this development of a new community at strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. Boscombe/Porton. Given its demographic location this is assessed in combination with its

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potential impact on Amesbury at this early stage. The location itself is likely to be spatially located near the A303. This may help provide a link to support travel options including bus services, though the viability and impact of such a link will need to be investigated. The location of the A303 can equally cause transport related congestion and rat running, with Amesbury suffering with these problems. The potential impact of a new settlement on these existing concerns must be taken into consideration. Rail provision is currently provided at the nearby Grately station (with limited services) and Salisbury, however, a new community may include a new rail station which would help to promote sustainable travel, though at this stage the viability of such a project remains unknown. Currently, given the uncertainty of mitigation and possible impacts, this level of development at this location is assessed as having moderate adverse effects against this objective. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of A continuation of the current levels of When considering the rest HMA it is It is acknowledged that this growth may When considering the rest HMA it is HMA growth in the rest of HMA may place acknowledged that this growth may take take place in locations with reduced access acknowledged that this growth may take place growth in locations with reduced access place in locations with reduced access to to sustainable modes of transport. For in locations with reduced access to sustainable to sustainable modes of transport. For sustainable modes of transport. For development to mitigate this effect it would modes of transport. For development to development to mitigate this effect it development to mitigate this effect it need to improve the availability of mitigate this effect it would need to improve the would need to improve the availability would need to improve the availability of sustainable transport provision and availability of sustainable transport provision of sustainable transport provision and sustainable transport provision and accessibility. Given the extent to which this and accessibility. Given the extent to which accessibility. Given the extent to which accessibility. Given the extent to which is possible remains unclear at this stage. this is possible remains unclear at this stage. this is possible remains unclear at this this is possible remains unclear at this This strategy is assessed as having a This strategy is assessed as having a minor stage. This strategy is assessed as stage. This strategy is assessed as moderate adverse effect against this adverse effect against this objective. having a minor adverse effect against having a minor adverse effect against this objective. this objective. objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 Overall, considering the assessment -1 Overall, considering the assessment of -1.2 Overall, considering the assessment of -1.4 Overall, considering the assessment of score for of the proposed distribution in this the proposed distribution in this strategy, the proposed distribution in this strategy, the proposed distribution in this strategy, this SA strategy, minor adverse effects are minor adverse effects are considered minor adverse effects are considered minor adverse effects are considered likely. considered likely. likely. likely. objective

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Conclusions/Recommendations:

Strategy SA-D is the least sustainable option as it is considered to have greater adverse effects overall.

Proposals for Amesbury and Tidworth/Ludgershall are not considered likely to have significant effects.

Mixed-use development proposals are recommended as this will help increase self-containment and reduce need to travel.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)?

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The extent that strategies can promote a balance between residential and employment development will, in part, depend on the existing provision in terms of housing stock and employment uses, the relationship between them, and the relationship/connectivity of a settlement with other parts the HMA/FEMA (which themselves are strongly influenced by travel to work areas) and adjacent areas. The provision of employment development in isolation could, for example, be more likely to lead to an increase in travel distances but not necessarily if it was located in an area of relatively higher rates of unemployment. The same might apply in areas where employment vacancies are high, or jobs are expected to increase. This will, however, depend on the extent that the skills base of the unemployed in the local area match that provided by any new employers.

Of the total need of 182ha of employment land identified in the FEMA, a substantial proportion can be met from existing operational employment sites and site allocations leaving 26ha to be met from additional allocations across the county. The residual requirement for employment land for the Salisbury HMA is 10ha. Due to the extent of existing employment provision, none of the three strategies would be likely to result in major positive or negative effects, as the vast majority is already being met by current employment sites or existing commitments.

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Council is working with local partners including the MoD and QinetiQ on plans for the future development of Boscombe Down, Amesbury. This development will help to boost the local economy and provide exciting opportunities for major inward investment into the county that will enhance job and career prospects in key employment sectors including aerospace and defence technologies.

Settlement/ Strategy SA – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SA – B (Salisbury Focus) Strategy SA – C (Focus on the Rest of Strategy SA – D (New Community) Area the HMA) Amesbury Under this strategy no additional Under this strategy no additional employment Under this strategy no additional Under this strategy no additional employment land would be allocated at land would be allocated at Amesbury and there employment land would be allocated at employment land would be allocated at Amesbury. There would, however, be is a lower provision for housing. Existing Amesbury and there is a lower provision Amesbury and there is a lower provision for significant additional dwellings commitments at Amesbury could potentially for housing. Existing commitments at housing. Existing commitments at allocated. Existing employment provide a sufficient supply of employment land, Amesbury could potentially provide a Amesbury could potentially provide a commitments should be capable of although it could lead to stagnation in sufficient supply of employment land, steady supply of employment land through balancing this housing growth, although employment provision towards the end of the although it could lead to stagnation in the plan period. However, this no additional there is a risk of stagnation in plan period, if there is appetite for occupancy employment provision towards the end of growth scenario could potentially lead to employment towards the end of the of the sites on offer. This level of housing the plan period, if there is appetite for stagnation towards the end of the plan plan period, if appetite for occupancy of proposed will help to support local businesses, occupancy of the sites on offer. This level period. However, Amesbury should not be the sites is high. This level of housing the town centre and provide an increased of housing proposed will help to support seen in isolation from the new community proposed will also help to support local supply of local labour. It is considered that this local businesses, the town centre and at Porton/Boscombe Down. This new businesses, the town centre and strategy would have likely minor positive provide an increased supply of local community could be located in close provide an increased supply of local effects – benefits would be greater if labour. It is considered that this strategy proximity to Amesbury and therefore may labour. It is considered that this strategy employment provision was included in the would have likely minor positive effects – need to be considered in this context. In would have likely minor positive effects strategy. benefits would be greater if employment this scenario a mixed-use development – benefits would be greater if provision was included in the strategy. would provide sustainable and balanced employment provision was included in growth that would have a direct relationship the strategy. with Amesbury. Therefore, this strategy is predicted to have moderate positive effects overall for the town. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Salisbury Under this strategy 8ha additional Under this strategy 10ha additional Under strategy SA-C 3.5ha employment Under strategy SA-D 2ha employment land employment land would be required at employment land would be required at land would be provided alongside 5390 would be provided with much lower Salisbury and an additional 5390 Salisbury, 2ha more than SA-A, and an additional dwellings at Salisbury. It is additional dwellings at Salisbury. It is homes would be allocated. There are a additional 6650 homes would be allocated. considered that this would provide a considered that this would provide less number of employment allocations The additional 2ha, compared to SA-A, would more reasonable balance of balanced growth than the other strategies. around Salisbury that are yet to be be likely to balance out the additional development, given the existing Salisbury is a principal settlement and implemented e.g. at Old Sarum, which dwellings. This means that the overall effect commitments. This however, would additional employment growth should suggests that an additional 8ha may not would be broadly the same. Given the existing depend on the appetite for additional therefore be encouraged. Consequently, have a major impact on employment at commitments, it is possible that there would be employment land in the area. this scenario of lower employment and the city. However, as a principal over-provision of employment land at the city. Consequently, this scenario is predicted housing growth, is only predicted to result settlement, Salisbury should be a main However, significant positive effects are likely, to result in moderate positive effects. in minor positive effects.

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focus of employment growth for the and the significant level of housing proposed wider area and having a range of will also help to support local businesses, the available land could be attractive to town centre and provide an increased supply inward investors. Given the existing of local labour. Overall, major benefits are commitments, it is possible that there considered likely from this strategy. would be over-provision of employment land at the city. However, positive effects are likely, and the significant level of housing proposed will also help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Tidworth At Tidworth and Ludgershall 2ha At Tidworth and Ludgershall no additional At Tidworth and Ludgershall 0.5ha At Tidworth and Ludgershall no additional and additional employment land would be employment land would be provided under this additional employment land would be employment land would be provided under Ludgershall provided under this strategy, alongside strategy, but 1210 dwellings are allocated. To provided under this strategy, and 1210 this strategy, but 1210 dwellings are 1555 additional dwellings. The boost sustainability benefits of this strategy, an dwellings. Taking into account existing allocated. To boost sustainability benefits additional employment provision is element of employment should be included. commitments and the additional housing of this strategy, an element of employment predicted to be positive and the The additional housing will help to support which will help to support local should be included. The additional housing additional housing will also help to local businesses, the town centres and provide businesses, the town centres and provide will help to support local businesses, the support local businesses, the town an increased supply of local labour. Overall, an increased supply of local labour, minor town centres and provide an increased centres and provide an increased minor positive effects are likely but less than positive effects are likely. supply of local labour. Overall, minor supply of local labour. Overall, SA-C. positive effects are likely but less than SA- moderate positive effects are likely. C. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive New There is no housing or employment There is no housing or employment proposed There is no housing or employment The new community at Porton/ Boscombe settlement proposed for a new community in this for a new community in this strategy. proposed for a new community in this Down would provide mixed-use strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. Therefore, neutral effects. strategy. Therefore, neutral effects. development with a significant amount of housing and employment. It could provide sustainable and balanced growth that would also have a direct relationship with Amesbury. Precise location is not known however, this element of the strategy is predicted to have moderate positive effects overall. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of Under this strategy no employment land As for SA-A, no employment land would be Under this strategy 6ha of employment Under this strategy no employment land HMA would be allocated for the rest of the allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would land would be allocated for the rest of the would be allocated for the rest of the HMA; HMA. This would mean a continuation mean a continuation of the existing approach HMA. This would mean an increase in this would mean a continuation of the of the existing approach to the provision to the provision of employment land to meet the existing provision of employment land existing approach to the provision of of employment land to meet local local needs. The additional housing will help to to balance the allocation of significant employment land to meet local needs. And

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needs. The additional housing will help support local businesses however, the vitality additional homes under this strategy. The a lower amount of homes is allocated than to support local businesses however, of villages, local services and facilities and the employment land is likely to comprise a SA-A and SA-B. The additional housing, the vitality of villages, local services and countryside, and provide an increased supply series of small employment allocations although the lowest of all the strategies, will facilities and the countryside, and of local labour. It is therefore predicted that that in themselves would be of a scale still help to support local businesses provide an increased supply of local Strategy SA-B will also have minor positive that could potentially support the vitality however, the vitality of villages, local labour. It is therefore predicted that effects on this objective. of the rural area. This would depend on services and facilities and the countryside, Strategy SA-A would have minor suitable locations being identified, where and provide an increased supply of local positive effects on this objective. the infrastructure is in place to enable labour. It is therefore predicted that them to be integrated sustainably. The Strategy SA-D would have minor positive significant additional housing will help to effects on this objective. support local businesses, the vitality of villages, local services and facilities and the countryside, and provide an increased supply of local labour. It is therefore predicted that Strategy SA-C would have moderate positive effects on this objective Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.2 Overall, considering the 1.2 Overall, considering the assessment of the 1.2 Overall, considering the assessment 1 .4 Overall, considering the assessment of score for assessment of the proposed distribution proposed distribution in this strategy, minor of the proposed distribution in this the proposed distribution in this strategy, this SA in this strategy, minor positive effects positive effects are considered likely. strategy, minor positive effects are minor positive effects are considered objective are considered likely. considered likely. likely. Conclusions/Recommendations:

Overall, Strategy SA-D is the most sustainable strategy as it is likely to have the highest level of benefits across all areas. Strategies SA-A, SA-B and SA-D all score the same and are less sustainable options as they have fewer benefits across all areas.

Settlements/areas in these strategies that combine a higher level of both employment and housing are considered likely to give greater benefits against this objective as both elements help to improve self-containment of settlements and encourage vibrant and diversified places.

Outstanding commitments in the Salisbury HMA are capable of meeting a significant proportion of the need for additional employment land to 2036. Consequently, the differences in the effects of the strategic options for the distribution of the employment land requirement are limited by the relatively small scale of development under consideration. A key consideration has been the aspiration to reduce travel to work distances and achieving a balance between employment and housing growth.

Strong transport links and connectivity are key factors for the successful delivery of large-scale employment allocations, as demonstrated by Solstice Park, Amesbury and Hampton Park, Melksham. The capacity of the A303 corridor to accommodate additional employment growth will need to be tested.

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Annex I - Salisbury Housing Market Area (HMA) - Assessment of Emerging Preferred Strategy

Settlement/area Emerging Preferred Strategy Housing Employment (ha) Amesbury 1635 0 Salisbury 5240 5 Wilton 400 0 Tidworth/Ludgershall 1555 5 Rest of HMA 2140 0 TOTAL 10970 10

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Avoid potential negative impacts of development on designated wildlife sites, protected species and priority species and habitats (international, national, local) and enhance these where possible? 2. Ensure that all new developments protect Local Geological Sites (LGSs) from development? 3. Aid in the delivery of a network of multifunctional Green Infrastructure?

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Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any adverse effects slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Amesbury, Salisbury/Wilton and Tidworth/Ludgershall.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Ensure efficient use of land? 2. Lead to the reuse of Previously Developed Land where possible/appropriate? 3. Encourage remediation of contaminated land? If so, would this lead to issues of viability and deliverability? 4. Result in the permanent loss of the Best and Most Versatile Agricultural land (Grades 1, 2, 3a)? 5. Lead to the sterilisation of viable mineral resources? If so, is there potential to extract the mineral resource as part of the development?

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Amesbury Housing requirement of 1635 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy SA-A (2070 dwellings) but substantially higher than LHNA and Standard Method Strategies B, C and D which all allocate 1230 dwellings to Amesbury. Refer to previous assessments of those strategies. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely for this emerging strategy. Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury / The emerging strategy has a housing requirement of 5640 dwellings and 5Ha employment land. Overall effects are considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Wilton Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-C, albeit this emerging strategy allocates 250 more dwellings and 1.5Ha more employment land. This will mean that any adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-C above. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth/ Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 3Ha more Ludgershall employment land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above. Minor adverse effects considered most likely. Likely effects: minor adverse New N/A Community Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any adverse effects slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.0 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Salisbury/Wilton.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Amesbury Housing requirement of 1635 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy SA-A (2070 dwellings) but substantially higher than LHNA and Standard Method Strategies B, C and D which all allocate 1230 dwellings to Amesbury. Refer to previous assessments of those strategies. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely for this emerging strategy. Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury / The emerging strategy has a housing requirement of 5640 dwellings and 5Ha employment land. Overall effects are considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Wilton Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-C, albeit this emerging strategy allocates 250 more dwellings and 1.5Ha more employment land. This will mean that any adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-C above. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth/ Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 3Ha more employment Ludgershall land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above. Moderate adverse effects considered most likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse New N/A Community Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any adverse effects slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Salisbury/Wilton, Tidworth/Ludgershall and Rest of HMA.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Minimise and, where possible, improve on unacceptable levels of noise, light pollution, odour, and vibration? 2. Minimise effects on and where possible improve air quality and locate sensitive development away from areas of poor air quality (such as AQMAs)? 3. Lie within a consultation risk zone for a major hazard site or hazardous installation?

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Salisbury / The emerging strategy has a housing requirement of 5640 dwellings and 5Ha employment land. Overall effects are considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Wilton Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-C, albeit this emerging strategy allocates 250 more dwellings and 1.5Ha more employment land. This will mean that any adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-C above. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth/ Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 3Ha more employment Ludgershall land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above. Minor adverse effects considered most likely. Likely effects: minor adverse New N/A Community Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any adverse effects slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.0 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Salisbury/Wilton.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)).

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? 2. Be located within Flood Zone 2? If so, are there alternative sites in the area that can be allocated in preference to developing land in Flood Zone 2? (To be determined through the application of the Sequential Test) 3. Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere?

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Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any adverse effects slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.0 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Salisbury/Wilton.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Conserve and enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? 2. Maintain and enhance the character and distinctiveness of settlements through high quality and appropriate design, taking into account the management objectives of Conservation Areas?

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Amesbury Housing requirement of 1635 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy SA-A (2070 dwellings) but substantially higher than LHNA and Standard Method Strategies B, C and D which all allocate 1230 dwellings to Amesbury. Refer to previous assessments of those strategies. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely for this emerging strategy. It is likely that the level of growth proposed would have significant adverse effects which would be difficult to mitigate. Likely effects: moderate adverse Salisbury / The emerging strategy has a housing requirement of 5640 dwellings and 5Ha employment land. Overall effects are considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Wilton Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-C, albeit this emerging strategy allocates 250 more dwellings and 1.5Ha more employment land. This will mean that any adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-C above. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth/ Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 3Ha more employment Ludgershall land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above. Minor adverse effects considered most likely. Likely effects: minor adverse New N/A Community Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any adverse effects slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.2 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Amesbury and Salisbury/Wilton.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Amesbury Housing requirement of 1635 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy SA-A (2070 dwellings) but substantially higher than LHNA and Standard Method Strategies B, C and D which all allocate 1230 dwellings to Amesbury. Refer to previous assessments of those strategies. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely for this emerging strategy, given the proximity of important landscape and historical designations on the edge of the town. Likely effects: moderate adverse Salisbury / The emerging strategy has a housing requirement of 5640 dwellings and 5Ha employment land. Overall effects are considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Wilton Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-C, albeit this emerging strategy allocates 250 more dwellings and 1.5Ha more employment land. This will mean that any adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-C above. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth/ Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 3Ha more employment Ludgershall land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above. Minor adverse effects considered most likely. Likely effects: minor adverse New N/A Community Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any adverse effects slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Amesbury, Salisbury/Wilton and Rest of HMA.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Provide an adequate supply of affordable housing? 2. Support the provision of a range of house types and sizes to meet the needs of all sectors of the community? 3. Deliver high quality residential development? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Amesbury Housing requirement of 1635 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy SA-A (2070 dwellings) but substantially higher than LHNA and Standard Method Strategies B, C and D which all allocate 1230 dwellings to Amesbury.

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Refer to previous assessments of those strategies. Overall, minor positive effects are considered most likely for this emerging strategy as taking into account existing commitments, a residual requirement of just 349 dwellings would be required for the plan period. Likely effects: minor positive Salisbury / Existing commitments would deliver a significant proportion of the housing requirement for Salisbury and Wilton. It is unclear whether existing commitments would provide a Wilton consistent supply up to 2036. This emerging strategy for 5240 dwellings is less than the current Core Strategy requirement of 6060 dwellings. This strategy is likely to have minor benefits only for Salisbury and Wilton overall. Likely effects: minor positive Tidworth/ Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above. Ludgershall Neutral effects considered most likely. The residual requirement for Tidworth and Ludgershall would be 166 dwellings which would mean that the rate of house building could drop notably for the latter part of the plan period under this scenario. Likely effects: neutral New N/A Community Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which will increase benefits slightly. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. A continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth at small and large villages is likely to exacerbate affordability issues. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: 0.2 neutral effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor positive effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. No areas are considered likely to experience significant benefits against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Maximise opportunities within the most deprived areas? 2. Be accessible to educational, health, amenity greenspace, community and town centre facilities which are able to cope with the additional demand? 3. Promote/create public spaces and community facilities that might support public health, civic, cultural, recreational and community functions? 4. Reduce rural isolation, including access to affordable services for those without a car in rural areas? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Amesbury Housing requirement of 1635 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy SA-A (2070 dwellings) but substantially higher than LHNA and Standard Method Strategies B, C and D which all allocate 1230 dwellings to Amesbury. Refer to previous assessments of those strategies. Overall, minor positive effects are considered most likely for this emerging strategy as considering existing commitments, a residual requirement of just 349 dwellings would be required for the plan period. This is unlikely to have significant benefits in terms of reducing poverty and social exclusion. Likely effects: minor positive Salisbury / The emerging strategy has a housing requirement of 5640 dwellings and 5Ha employment land. Overall effects are considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Wilton Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-C, albeit this emerging strategy allocates 250 more dwellings and 1.5Ha more employment land. This will mean that any benefits are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-C above. Overall, moderate benefits are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate positive Tidworth/ Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 3Ha more employment land so benefits are likely to be more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above.

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Ludgershall Benefits likely to be minor positive overall. Likely effects: minor positive New N/A Community Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any benefits slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor positive effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 1.0 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor positive effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. Only Salisbury/Wilton is considered likely to experience significant benefits against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Promote mixed use developments, in accessible locations, that reduce the need to travel and reliance on the private car? 2. Provide suitable access and not significantly exacerbate issues of local transport capacity (unless there is evidence that such impacts can be mitigated)? 3. Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure? 4. Provide the opportunity to create additional sustainable transport infrastructure including safe active travel? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Amesbury Housing requirement of 1635 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy SA-A (2070 dwellings) but substantially higher than LHNA and Standard Method Strategies B, C and D which all allocate 1230 dwellings to Amesbury. Refer to previous assessments of those strategies. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely for this emerging strategy. Likely effects: minor adverse Salisbury / The emerging strategy has a housing requirement of 5640 dwellings and 5Ha employment land. Overall effects are considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Wilton Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-C, albeit this emerging strategy allocates 250 more dwellings and 1.5Ha more employment land. This will mean that any adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-C above. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Tidworth/ Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 3Ha more employment Ludgershall land so adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above. Minor adverse effects are considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse New N/A Community Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any adverse effects slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.0 minor adverse effects

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Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Salisbury/Wilton.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)? 2. Provide a variety of employment land to meet all needs, including those for higher skilled employment uses that are (or can be made) easily accessible by sustainable transport? 3. Contribute to the provision of infrastructure that will help to promote economic growth? 4. Promote a balance between residential and employment development to help reduce travel distances to work? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Amesbury Housing requirement of 1635 is substantially lower than Standard Method Strategy SA-A (2070 dwellings) but substantially higher than LHNA and Standard Method Strategies B, C and D which all allocate 1230 dwellings to Amesbury. The emerging strategy does not allocate any employment land to Amesbury. Refer to previous assessments of those strategies. Overall, minor positive effects are considered most likely for this emerging strategy. Likely effects: minor positive Salisbury / The emerging strategy has a housing requirement of 5640 dwellings and 5Ha employment land. Overall effects are considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Wilton Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-C, albeit this emerging strategy allocates 250 more dwellings and 1.5Ha more employment land. This will mean that any benefits are likely to be slightly more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-C above. Overall, moderate benefits are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: moderate positive Tidworth/ Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SA-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver Ludgershall 3Ha more employment land so the benefits are likely to be more significant. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy SA-A above. Likely effects: moderate positive New Community N/A Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategies SA-A and SA-B. However, this emerging strategy allocates 285 more dwellings to the rural area which may make any benefits slightly more significant. Refer to those assessment findings above. Overall, minor positive effects are considered most likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 1.2 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor positive effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. However, Salisbury/Wilton and Tidworth/Ludgershall are considered likely to experience significant benefits against this objective.

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Annex I - Swindon Housing Market Area (HMA) - SA of Alternative Development Strategies (Local Housing Needs Assessment)

Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) - Rolling forward the Core Strategy includes employment land at Royal Wootton Bassett and Marlborough.

Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) – Focus on Royal Wootton Bassett. Housing constrained at Marlborough to current commitments plus windfall allowance and growth in rest reflects assessed need (-16%). Nothing beyond existing commitments at West of Swindon. Balance focused at Royal Wootton Bassett (1,255 homes) including employment land at the town only.

Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) - Focus on rest of HMA - Marlborough and rest of HMA continue WCS rates, reduced at Royal Wootton Bassett and only commitments at West of Swindon.

Proposed distribution of housing and employment requirements – Swindon HMA Settlement Strategy SW – A Strategy SW – B Strategy SW – C (Current Strategy) (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) (Rest of HMA Focus) Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Marlborough 570 4 485 0 680 3 Royal Wootton Bassett 900 2 1255 6 835 0 West of Swindon 755 0 485 0 485 0 Rest of HMA 1030 0 1030 0 1255 3 TOTAL 3255 6 3255 6 3255 6

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Avoid potential negative impacts of development on designated wildlife sites, protected species and priority species and habitats (international, national, local) and enhance these where possible? With regards to statutory designations in Marlborough, Savernake Forest SSSI, which is an area of ancient woodland and is a habitat for Dormouse and bats, lies to the south east of the settlement boundary and the River Kennet SSSI runs through from east to west. There are also a number of non-statutory CWSs on the boundary of the settlement, including Stonebridge Meadows to the north east and Granham Hill and Chopping Knife Lane Bank to the south. Furthermore, the disused railway tunnel to the south is an important hibernation site for Natterer’s bats and as a result, should be considered as designated.

In Royal Wootton Bassett, statutory designations exist including Jubilee Lake LNR to the north west and Royal Wootton Bassett Mud Spring SSSI approximately 400m from the settlement boundary to the south. Furthermore, the non-statutory designations of Jubilee Lake and Wood CWS and Morningside Farm Meadows CWS lie to the north west and south east respectively. With regards to protected species, great crested newts are associated with wet meadows and ponds in the area, as well as the Wilts & Berks Canal.

In the West of Swindon, there are some statutory designations including Restrop Farm and Brockhurst Wood SSSI which lies to the south west of Purton and Stoke Common Meadows SSSI in the rural area west of Purton Stoke. There are also a number of CWSs dispersed around the West of Swindon area, particularly in the area around Lydiard Plain.

In the Rest of the HMA, there are some areas which are designated SSSIs or contain important habitats including ancient woodland.

DAQ 2: Ensure that all new developments protect Local Geological Sites (LGSs) from development? There are no LGSs (formerly Regional Sites of Geological Importance, or RIGs) in direct proximity to the market towns in the Swindon HMA. However, there are some small sites in the Rest of the HMA.

DAQ 3: Aid in the delivery of a network of multifunctional Green Infrastructure? The design of developments may incorporate measures to enhance biodiversity and contribute to networks of multifunctional green space known as green infrastructure. The preparation of a Green Infrastructure (GI) Strategy will help to provide a long-term vision and strategic framework to aid the delivery of GI. However, at this stage of the process, it is not possible to comment on the likelihood of GI being adopted as part of development. Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough SW-A proposes a moderate level of growth for SW-B proposes the lowest level of growth for SW-C proposes the highest level of growth for Marlborough. Marlborough. Marlborough. Significant adverse effects more likely from this higher Significant adverse effects likely to be avoided as a lower Significant adverse effects more likely from this higher level level of growth as there are a number of ecologically level of growth. Overall, minor adverse effects likely as of growth as there are a number of ecologically sensitive sensitive areas around the town. Development could development could have some localised impacts on areas around the town. Development could also have also have some localised impacts on habitats in the habitats in the short-term. some localised impacts on habitats in the short-term. short-term. Overall, moderate adverse effects likely. Overall, moderate adverse effects likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal No significant effects likely from this scale of growth at No significant effects likely from this scale of growth at No significant effects likely from this scale of growth at Wootton Royal Wootton Bassett. No significant issues. Royal Wootton Bassett. No significant issues. Royal Wootton Bassett. No significant issues. Minor Bassett Minor adverse effects considered likely as development Minor adverse effects considered likely as development adverse effects considered likely as development could could have some localised impacts on habitats in the could have some localised impacts on habitats in the have some localised impacts on habitats in the short-term. short-term. short-term. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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West of No sites identified at this stage. Development at West No sites identified at this stage. Development at West of No sites identified at this stage. Development at West of Swindon of Swindon likely to be possible without significant Swindon likely to be possible without significant effects. Swindon likely to be possible without significant effects. No effects. No significant issues if development respects No significant issues if development respects local significant issues if development respects local local designations. designations. designations. Overall, minor adverse effects likely as development Overall, minor adverse effects likely as development Overall, minor adverse effects likely as development could could have some localised impacts on habitats in the could have some localised impacts on habitats in the have some localised impacts on habitats in the short-term. short-term. short-term. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Due to the broad geographical area involved, it is Due to the broad geographical area involved, it is difficult Due to the broad geographical area involved, it is difficult to difficult to determine impacts upon Rest of HMA. to determine impacts upon Rest of HMA. Therefore, due determine impacts upon Rest of HMA. Therefore, due to Therefore, due to the presence of ecological to the presence of ecological designations in some areas, the presence of ecological designations in some areas, designations in some areas, minor adverse effects are minor adverse effects are likely as development could minor adverse effects are likely as development could have likely as development could have some localised have some localised impacts on habitats in the short- some localised impacts on habitats in the short-term. impacts on habitats in the short-term. term. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.25 Overall, considering the assessment of all -1 Overall, considering the assessment of all -1.25 Overall, considering the assessment of all score for this settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a minor settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a minor SA objective minor adverse effect on this objective. adverse effect on this objective. adverse effect on this objective.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategy SW-B is considered the most sustainable strategy against this objective as likely adverse effects are fewer.

• Strategies SW-A and SW-C score equally and are considered the least sustainable strategies due to significant effects being attributed to Marlborough.

• Marlborough is considered the most highly constrained settlement in the Swindon HMA with regards to this objective, due to a number of ecological designations that relate to and intersect with the settlement boundary. As a result, moderate adverse effects are considered likely from the strategies that propose the higher levels of growth in Marlborough (SW-A and SW-C).

• Minor effects only are considered likely for all strategies for Royal Wootton Bassett, West of Swindon and Rest of HMA as there are few ecological issues in these areas and the growth levels are not significant. Further, more detailed assessment will be undertaken at site level when locations are known.

• Development should generally avoid areas of biodiversity sensitivity where possible, particularly important bat habitats such as woodland. Offsetting and habitat creation are likely to be key to enabling any further development where growth poses a risk to protected species and habitats.

• Development should also take the opportunity to improve habitats where necessary and achieve an overall net gain for biodiversity.

• Adopting buffers around important connective habitats, such as hedgerows, railways lines and canals, would help to reduce pressure on these areas.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

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DAQ 3: Encourage remediation of contaminated land? If so, would this lead to issues of viability and deliverability? Across Wiltshire, some 14000 sites of potential contamination exist as a result of a range of historical land uses; 225 high priority sites have been identified as part of a prioritised approach to inspection. Currently four sites have been determined as contaminated land and remediated. The remediation of contaminated land will be principally addressed through the planning process where former sites change their use.

DAQ 4: Result in the permanent loss of the Best and Most Versatile Agricultural land (Grades 1, 2, 3a)? At Marlborough, the majority of land surrounding the built-up area is classified as Grade 3 agricultural land (good to moderate) with some areas of Grade 2 (very good) to the east and south of the town.

In Royal Wootton Bassett, the built-up area is surrounded by Grade 3 and Grade 4 (poor) agricultural land, with the Grade 4 land surrounding the south of the town.

At the West of Swindon, the majority of land is classified as Grade 3 and Grade 4 agricultural land.

Excluding the urban areas, the majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as being Grade 3 agricultural land, with a large area of Grade 2 to the east of the Marlborough Community Area and some areas of Grade 4.

DAQ 5: Lead to the sterilisation of viable mineral resources? If so, is there potential to extract the mineral resource as part of the development? A Minerals Safeguarding Area (MSA) covers a large proportion of the built-up area of Royal Wootton Bassett and the south western area, as well as another MSA further east of the town.

With regards to the West of Swindon, there is an MSA to the north of Purton.

In the Rest of the HMA, there are MSAs, particularly in the Royal Wootton Bassett Community Area. Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Due to the limited amount of PDL in the town and Despite this strategy proposing a very low level of growth Due to the limited amount of PDL and the risk of loss of the risk of loss of BMV agricultural land, a minor proportional to Marlborough, due to the limited amount of PDL BMV agricultural land, a minor adverse effect is anticipated adverse effect is anticipated due to the likely loss of and the risk of loss of BMV agricultural land, a minor adverse due to the likely loss of greenfield land. The risk of negative greenfield land. effect is anticipated due to the likely loss of greenfield land. effects occurring for this objective is greater compared to The risk of negative effects occurring would be lower in this SW-A. strategy compared to SW-A. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse The lack of PDL in Royal Wootton Bassett and The lack of PDL in Royal Wootton Bassett and likely loss of The lack of PDL in Royal Wootton Bassett and likely loss of likely loss of greenfield and BMV agricultural land greenfield and BMV agricultural land means that a minor greenfield and BMV agricultural land means that a minor adverse effect is likely against this objective. adverse effect is likely against this objective.

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Royal means that a minor adverse effect is likely against The risk of negative effects occurring is greater compared to Adverse effects would be lower in this strategy compared Wootton this objective. SW-A. to SW-A. Bassett Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of Due to the broad area at the West of Swindon, the Due to the broad area at the West of Swindon, the potential for Due to the broad area at the West of Swindon, the Swindon potential for any significant adverse effects is any significant adverse effects is dependent on where growth potential for any significant adverse effects is dependent dependent on where growth is located. is located. on where growth is located. However, due to the likely loss of greenfield and However, due to the likely loss of greenfield and BMV However, due to the likely loss of greenfield and BMV BMV agricultural land, a minor adverse effect is agricultural land, a minor adverse effect is considered likely at agricultural land, a minor adverse effect is considered likely considered likely at this stage. this stage. at this stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Due to the presence of MSAs and BMV land in the Due to the presence of MSAs and BMV land in the Rest of the Due to the presence of MSAs and BMV land in the Rest of Rest of the HMA, the potential for any significant HMA, the potential for any significant effects is dependent on the HMA, the potential for any significant effects is effects is dependent on where growth is located. where growth is located. Furthermore, as the majority of the dependent on where growth is located. Furthermore, as the Furthermore, as the majority of the Rest of the HMA Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, further majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 is classified as Grade 3 land, further assessment assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade land, further assessment would be needed to distinguish would be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. the areas of Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV Due to the likely loss of greenfield land, minor adverse effects extent of BMV land. land. are likely overall until further information is available on specific Due to the likely loss of greenfield land, minor adverse Due to the likely loss of greenfield land, minor locations. effects are likely overall until further information is available adverse effects are likely overall until further on specific locations. information is available on specific locations.

Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 Minor adverse. -1 Minor adverse. -1 Minor adverse. score for At this stage no sites have been allocated which At this stage no sites have been allocated which makes it At this stage no sites have been allocated which makes it this SA makes it difficult to advise how a particular difficult to advise how a particular development strategy will difficult to advise how a particular development strategy will development strategy will affect this objective. affect this objective. While there may be developable areas in affect this objective. While there may be developable areas objective While there may be developable areas which are each settlement which are able to avoid BMV land, overall, in each settlement which are able to avoid BMV land, able to avoid BMV land, overall, there is likely to be there is likely to be a minor adverse effect on this objective overall, there is likely to be a minor adverse effect on this a minor adverse effect on this objective due to the due to the likely loss of greenfield land. The proposed growth objective due to the likely loss of greenfield land. The likely loss of greenfield land. The proposed growth levels in each location are not considered to be significant. proposed growth levels in each location are not considered levels in each location are not considered to be to be significant. significant.

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Conclusions/Recommendations:

• At this stage, it has not been possible to find notable sustainability differences between the three options for this objective and they all score equally. The growth levels in each area are not particularly significant and the differences between each option for each area are not particularly significant.

• All strategies are likely to have minor adverse effects as it is likely that most new development will be built on greenfield sites. This may or may not involve Best and Most Versatile (BMV) agricultural land (Grade 1, 2 and 3a). Marlborough is considered the most constrained with regards to this objective due to the presence of Grade 2 BMV land surrounding the built-up area.

• There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land and will potentially lead to the loss of BMV. However, without knowing the exact location of growth and the extent of what BMV land is required, it is anticipated that negative impacts will occur in all strategies.

• Uncertainties also exist regarding the potential for adverse impacts on mineral resources and the potential for contaminating remediating land.

• Where possible, to reduce effects on this objective, new development should be located where loss of BMV can be minimised, PDL maximised where it exists, and development built at the highest densities relevant to the location. Development should also encourage the remediation of contaminated land where feasible.

• Further assessment will also need to be carried out to understand the potential impacts of development on Mineral Safeguarding Areas (MSAs) when allocating precise locations for growth.

• Further assessment is also likely to be needed to distinguish between Grade 3a and Grade 3b land to determine the extent of BMV agricultural land.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Protect surface, ground and drinking water quality? Royal Wootton Bassett is subject to a Drinking Water Safeguarding Zone (Surface Water) to the north east of the settlement beyond the settlement boundary. A Source Protection Zone 2c (Subsurface Activity) encompasses the whole settlement.

Marlborough is not subject to any areas of water resource protection within the settlement boundary. To the south of the settlement, Source Protection Zone Zones 1 (Inner Protection Zone), 2 (Outer Protection Zone) and 3 (Total Catchment) are apparent.

The West of Swindon is entirely covered by a Drinking Water Safeguarding Zone (Surface Water), while a Source Protection Zone 2c (Subsurface Activity) encroaches from the west.

Rest of the HMA - while there are rural areas in the HMA which are within Source Protection Zones or Drinking Water Protection Areas, there are also plenty of areas in the countryside where development could occur without posing a risk to water resources.

DAQ 2: Direct development to sites where adequate water supply, foul drainage, sewage treatment facilities and surface water drainage is available? At Royal Wootton Bassett, Wessex Water identified a need to invest in the water network to increase capacity between 2025 and 2036. There is no probability that construction works would be required to accommodate development.

Wessex Water have currently no plans to invest in the water network in Marlborough.

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In Swindon, Thames Water outlined a water management approach to balance supply and demand, with the intention of this being able to meet needs within the settlement boundary up to 2026. It is unclear whether the West of Swindon area that is positioned within the Wiltshire Local Authority has been assessed by Wessex Water for investment. Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough While Marlborough is not subject to any water While Marlborough is not subject to any water protection While Marlborough is not subject to any water protection protection zones, there are no current plans to zones, there are no current plans to invest in the water zones, there are no current plans to invest in the water invest in the water network. It is anticipated that the network. It is anticipated that the capacity of the existing network. It is anticipated that the capacity of the existing capacity of the existing network at Marlborough network at Marlborough would be able to take the additional network at Marlborough would be able to take the would be able to take the additional growth without growth without significant adverse effects occurring. additional growth without significant adverse effects significant adverse effects occurring. New development will require water infrastructure and occurring. New development will require water infrastructure additional water supply will be required. Minor adverse New development will require water infrastructure and and additional water supply will be required. Minor effects are considered likely overall. additional water supply will be required. Minor adverse adverse effects are considered likely overall. effects are considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Royal Wootton Bassett is subject to water quality Significant effects are not likely. Royal Wootton Bassett is subject to water quality protection Wootton protection zones and there is a potential need for As the settlement is subject to water quality protection zones zones and there is an identified need for investment in the Bassett investment in the water network. and there is an identified need for investment in the water water network. Significant effects are not likely. network, a minor adverse effect is likely due to uncertainties Due to uncertainties regarding the delivery of However, due to uncertainties regarding the delivery regarding the delivery of improvements in the water network improvements in the water network and the potential of improvements in the water network and the and the potential impact on water resources. impact on water resources, a minor adverse effect is potential impact on water resources, a minor considered likely. adverse effect is considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of Due to the broad area at the West of Swindon and This level of growth is significantly lower than SW-A and the This level of growth is significantly lower than SW-A and Swindon the uncertainties that are apparent at this stage effects are likely to be negligible. The area west of Swindon, the effects are likely to be negligible. The area west of regarding the precise location of growth and water east of Purton and Lydiard Millicent, is not covered by any Swindon, east of Purton and Lydiard Millicent, is not network capacity, it is likely that there would be water quality or source protection zones. Neutral effects are covered by any water quality or source protection zones. minor adverse effects from this level of growth. likely. Neutral effects are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system and Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system system and water protection zones in the Rest of water protection zones in the Rest of the HMA, a minor and water protection zones in the Rest of the HMA, a minor the HMA, a minor adverse effect is considered adverse effect is considered likely. This strategy proposes a adverse effect is considered likely. This strategy is higher likely. level of growth equal to SW-A and so a similar effect is likely. than the roll forward and so an increased effect is likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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Average -1 Due to uncertainties regarding the location of -0.75 Due to uncertainties regarding the location of -0.75 Due to uncertainties regarding the location of score for this development, it is uncertain what kind of effect will development, it is uncertain what kind of effect will be development, it is uncertain what kind of effect will be SA objective be apparent on the local water network for the apparent on the local water network for the settlements in the apparent on the local water network for the settlements in settlements in the Swindon HMA. Overall it is likely Swindon HMA. Overall it is likely that this strategy could have the Swindon HMA. Overall it is likely that there could be a that there could be a minor adverse effect on a minor adverse impact on Objective 3. minor adverse effect on Objective 3 as a result of this Objective 3 as a result of this strategy. strategy.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Although the three strategies score very similarly, strategies SW-B and SW-C are more sustainable as there are less adverse effects likely overall.

• Strategy SW-A is the least sustainable strategy as it is likely to have greater adverse effects than SW-B and SW-C.

• Minor adverse effects are mostly anticipated from the levels of growth proposed at Marlborough, Royal Wootton Bassett and Rest of the HMA as this is not significantly high growth. New development will require water infrastructure and will add to pressures on the water supply network, but significant effects are not thought likely.

• Levels of growth proposed for West of Swindon in strategies SW-B and SW-C are considered likely to have neutral effects overall as the number of new dwellings over the plan period is very low and the area west of Swindon, east of Purton and Lydiard Millicent, is not covered by any water quality or source protection zones.

• There are areas in the HMA which lie within Source Protection Zones and Drinking Water Safeguard Areas which would need to be considered if development was allocated in that area. Furthermore, additional development beyond what is already planned for may require further investment in infrastructure, although until sites have been allocated it is difficult to know whether capacity issues will be apparent and whether further works will be required.

• There are no areas of water protection within Marlborough. There are Drinking Water Safeguarding Zones and Source Protection Zones within West of Swindon and the rural area of the HMA, however. Royal Wootton Bassett is the subject of a Source Protection Zone and investment is outlined as being necessary in the near future.

• With further regards to investment in infrastructure, development in the rural area is most likely to require additional investment as Wessex Water’s planned improvement works are focused on the towns. As a result, development in the Rest of the HMA will need further assessment to ensure capacity of the water network.

• To improve sustainability performance against this objective, development should avoid polluting groundwater and protect surface, ground and drinking water quality. It should be located in areas which have adequate water infrastructure and take account of the EA’s approach to groundwater protection. Incorporation of SuDS will be important and the need for water can be reduced through water sensitive design, such as integrated water cycle management.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

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DAQ 2: Minimise effects on and where possible improve air quality and locate sensitive development away from areas of poor air quality (such as AQMAs)? Marlborough is subject to a long standing AQMA for the exceedance of nitrogen dioxide, covering the whole town. Traffic levels have been identified as increasing, there is a risk that further traffic pressures are likely to lead to an exceedance of mandatory limits.

Royal Wootton Bassett is currently subject to elevating levels of nitrogen dioxide, but it is not yet subject to any declared AQMAs. One is expected, however further monitoring and investigation is to take place. Increasing levels of traffic identified at this settlement and non-motorway traffic accessing Swindon are a risk to this objective.

West of Swindon is not subject to any AQMAs, but future increases in traffic levels are expected to have a degree of effect on air quality.

Within the Rest of the HMA, the dispersed nature of facilities and a lack of public transport provision, suggests that development in these areas may lead to an increased number of private car journeys magnifying the likelihood of pollutants from vehicles, effecting this objective.

DAQ 3: Lie within a consultation risk zone for a major hazard site or hazardous installation? Consultation risk zones have not been considered for this high-level stage of appraisal. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage but are expected to be covered at lower level stages. Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough As there is a longstanding AQMA and traffic levels Impacts are likely to be less than the other two strategies. As there is a longstanding AQMA and traffic levels have have been identified as increasing, there is a risk that All new development is likely to have some impacts re been identified as increasing, there is a risk that further further traffic pressures will lead to an exceedance of noise and light pollution. traffic pressures will lead to an exceedance of mandatory mandatory limits. All new development is likely to The settlement has air quality issues and an established limits. All new development is likely to have some impacts have some impacts re noise and light pollution. AQMA and this level of growth is likely to have minor re noise and light pollution. Moderate adverse effects are therefore considered adverse effects. Moderate adverse effects are therefore considered likely. likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal The town is currently subject to elevating levels of The increase compared to SW-A and SW-C is not The town is currently subject to elevating levels of nitrogen Wootton nitrogen dioxide but is not yet subject to any AQMAs. considered so significant that it would lead to significant dioxide but is not yet subject to any AQMAs. All new Bassett All new development is likely to have some impacts re effects against this objective. development is likely to have some impacts re noise and noise and light pollution. The town is currently subject to elevating levels of nitrogen light pollution. As there are no existing AQMAs, this level of growth dioxide but is not yet subject to any AQMAs. All new As there are no existing AQMAs, this level of growth is is considered likely to have minor adverse effects. development is likely to have some impacts re noise and considered likely to have minor adverse effects. light pollution. As there are no existing AQMAs, this level of growth is considered likely to have minor adverse effects. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of This area is not subject to any AQMAs, but future This area is not subject to any AQMAs, but future increases This area is not subject to any AQMAs, but future Swindon increases in traffic levels are expected to have a in traffic levels are expected to have a degree of effect on increases in traffic levels are expected to have a degree of degree of effect on air quality. All new development is air quality. All new development is likely to have some effect on air quality. All new development is likely to have likely to have some impacts re noise and light impacts re noise and light pollution. some impacts re noise and light pollution. pollution. It is likely that there would be minor adverse effects as a result of this strategy.

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It is likely that there would be minor adverse effects It is likely that there would be minor adverse effects as a as a result of this strategy. result of this strategy. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA This relatively modest level of growth in the Rest of This relatively modest level of growth in the Rest of the This relatively modest level of growth in the Rest of the the HMA is likely to have minor adverse effects. The HMA is likely to have minor adverse effects. The rural parts HMA is likely to have minor adverse effects. The rural parts rural parts of the HMA have less air quality issues of the HMA have less air quality issues than the towns but of the HMA have less air quality issues than the towns but than the towns but also reduced public transport also reduced public transport services and any also reduced public transport services and any services and any development is likely to increase development is likely to increase private car use. development is likely to increase private car use. private car use. Development can also increase Development can also increase issues of light and noise Development can also increase issues of light and noise issues of light and noise pollution. pollution. pollution. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.25 Overall, minor adverse effects are likely. -1 Overall, it is likely that this strategy will have minor -1.25 Overall, minor adverse effects are likely. However, score for this However, significant effects are likely to occur at adverse effects on this objective. significant effects are likely to occur at Marlborough. SA objective Marlborough. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategy SW-B is more sustainable as there are less adverse effects likely overall.

• Strategies SW-A and SW-C score equally and are the least sustainable strategies as they are likely to have greater adverse effects overall. This is primarily due to the likelihood of increased air quality impacts in Marlborough where there is an existing AQMA.

• It is recommended that where development takes place improvements in sustainable transport options should be sought to alleviate air quality concerns. Development should consider walking and cycling friendly design that promotes and improves safety for these methods.

• Electric vehicle use can be encouraged by including charging points in new developments for both private charging at home and charging stations.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages.

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DAQ 3: Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere? Fluvial flood-risk, along with surface and groundwater flooding form part of the settlement-level analysis below. The cumulative impact of development was also considered in order to identify those catchments where an increase in flows as a result of development would have the greatest impact on downstream flood risk. This analysis is based on a strategic assessment of flood risk. Local knowledge will be applied when specific development locations are identified. In terms of flood-risk potential at settlements the following can be stated:

Royal Wootton Bassett is at low risk of river and surface water flooding and at moderate risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Marlborough is at high risk of river flooding, at moderate risk of surface water flooding and at low risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

West of Swindon – the main areas of flood risk in this area are associated with the River Ray. Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough At Marlborough, development under this objective At Marlborough, development under this objective may be At Marlborough, development under this objective may be may be challenging owing principally to fluvial risks challenging owing principally to fluvial risks associated with challenging owing principally to fluvial risks associated with associated with the River Kennet. There is also a the River Kennet. There is also a moderate risk of surface the River Kennet. There is also a moderate risk of surface moderate risk of surface water flooding. water flooding. water flooding. It is considered that development sites could be found It is considered that development sites could be found that It is considered that development sites could be found that that would avoid areas of flood risk and therefore would avoid areas of flood risk and therefore minor adverse would avoid areas of flood risk and therefore minor adverse minor adverse effects likely. effects likely. effects likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Royal Wootton Bassett is mostly at risk from Royal Wootton Bassett is mostly at risk from groundwater Royal Wootton Bassett is mostly at risk from groundwater Wootton groundwater flooding. It is considered that flooding. It is considered that development sites could be flooding. It is considered that development sites could be Bassett development sites could be found that would avoid found that would avoid areas of flood risk and minor found that would avoid areas of flood risk and minor areas of flood risk and minor adverse effects are adverse effects are considered likely from this level of adverse effects are considered likely from this level of considered likely from this level of growth. growth. growth. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of Much of the area is within Flood Zones 2 and 3 It is considered that development sites could be found that It is considered that development sites could be found that Swindon associated with the River Ray which restricts would be more likely to avoid areas of flood risk and would be more likely to avoid areas of flood risk and developable areas and therefore moderate adverse therefore minor adverse effects likely. therefore minor adverse effects likely. effects are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA It is not known where this development would take It is not known where this development would take place. It is not known where this development would take place. place. The rural part of the HMA is large and many The rural part of the HMA is large and many settlements The rural part of the HMA is large and many settlements settlements are affected by areas of flood risk. This are affected by areas of flood risk. This level of growth is are affected by areas of flood risk. This level of growth is level of growth is likely to have minor adverse effects likely to have minor adverse effects. higher than the other two strategies but still likely to have until further assessment can be undertaken. minor adverse effects until further assessment can be undertaken. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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Average -1.25 Overall, considering the assessment of all -1 Overall, considering the assessment of all -1 Overall, considering the assessment of all score for this settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have minor settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have minor settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have minor SA objective adverse effects. However, significant adverse effects adverse effects. adverse effects. are likely at West of Swindon.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategies SW-B and SW-C score equally and are the more sustainable options as there are less adverse effects likely.

• Strategy SW-A is the least sustainable strategy as it is likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to the likelihood of increased flood risk at West of Swindon.

• Whilst all areas across Swindon (in Wiltshire) HMA demonstrate some areas at risk of flooding, some places are more constrained than others. Of all the localities under discussion in this area, Royal Wootton Bassett and the Rest of HMA are likely to offer the best opportunities for flood resilience.

• West of Swindon and Marlborough present more flood risk constraints, given areas of flood zones associated with the rivers Ray and Kennet respectively.

• For all new development, in order to provide climate change adaptation and mitigation and improve flood resilience, drainage solutions must incorporate green infrastructure and/or Sustainable Drainage Systems. The Wiltshire Strategic Flood Risk Assessment informs as regards the sequential test and, if needed, the exception test, and should be consulted in further, more detailed assessment of potential development locations.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Conserve and enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? Whilst this level of analysis makes reference to designated and non-designated heritage assets, these will be appraised in more detail at site-specific stage. At this stage, in/around the settlements the following can be stated.

Royal Wootton Bassett: Designated assets / settings include the conservation area and its setting, and listed buildings particularly in the town centre; road bridges across the railway; and isolated designated farmsteads surrounding the town.

Marlborough: Designated assets / settings include the Castle Mound scheduled monument and registered park and garden at Marlborough College; the town conservation area and Manton conservation area; Tottenham House registered park & garden (south-east) and Savernake Forest. The scheduled Roman settlement of Cunetio (east) and scheduled Forest Hill Camp (south-east) are also of note.

West of Swindon: Designated assets / settings include Purton and Lydiard Millicent conservation areas and Lydiard Park

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus)

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Area Marlborough The town has a large central conservation area and many Under this strategy, the amount of growth directed to Under this strategy, the amount of development directed to listed buildings and scheduled monuments around the Marlborough is the lowest, and this is likely to have Marlborough is the highest. Such levels under this town. Conservation areas and their settings at Manton lower impacts than SW-A and SW-C. objective would be moderately challenging to and Mildenhall also need to be considered for any Overall, as potential development sites are not known, accommodate. Conservation areas and their settings at development to the west and east of the town. minor adverse effects are considered likely. Manton and Mildenhall also need to be considered for any Overall, as potential development sites are not known, development to the west and east of the town. moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Overall, as potential development sites are not known, moderate adverse effects are considered likely.

Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal Quanta proposed in Royal Wootton Bassett are Under this strategy the quantum proposed in Royal Under this strategy development quanta proposed in Royal Wootton moderately high. Wootton Bassett is the highest. It includes a moderate Wootton Bassett are similar to SW-A and therefore the Bassett The town’s heritage assets are mainly in the town centre quantum for employment. significance of effects is similar conservation area and development of this scale is more In addition to the town’s setting there are medieval It is considered that this scale of growth could be likely to be able to avoid significantly affecting heritage fields to the south-east of the settlement, and small accommodated, and minor adverse effects would be likely assets. There are a few other listed buildings and blocks of ancient woodland surrounding the town are overall. scheduled monuments in and on the edge of the town. legible historical markers in the landscape. It is considered that this scale of growth could be In allocating this level of growth care would need to be accommodated, and minor adverse effects would be taken to ensure that coalescence to the east, with likely overall. Swindon, were avoided so as not to impact on the town’s separate identity. Whilst it is considered that growth levels for this strategy may be able to be accommodated without having significant effects, minor adverse effects are likely where mitigation would be achievable. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of This strategy directs a significantly higher amount of The lower amount of growth proposed by SW-B and The lower amount of growth proposed by SW-B and SW-C Swindon development to West of Swindon. It is considered that SW-C would be likely to have less impacts on heritage would be likely to have less impacts on heritage assets this scale of growth here would be moderately assets than SW-A, would be easier to accommodate than SW-A, would be easier to accommodate without challenging in heritage terms. without harming those assets, and therefore minor harming those assets, and therefore minor adverse effects A key asset is the grade II registered and listed Lydiard adverse effects are more likely. are more likely. Park. Its setting - which includes the post-medieval fields that survive to its north, south and west - has already been affected by development to the east. There is a need to avoid compromising the separate character of Lydiard Millicent and Purton, including the Church and Purton House (the latter being listed). To the east of Purton House, Milk House is a listed building. The need to respect and preserve this and the settings of Purton and Lydiard Millicent Conservation Areas may be a constraint to development. The non-designated Purton

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corn mill (now Fox Mill) also needs noting, and particularly this area in general has high archaeological potential. Given the above it is considered that moderate adverse effects are likely at West of Swindon. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA In Rest of HMA the strategy could generate minor Some growth is also directed towards Rest of HMA – Under this development strategy growth in Rest of HMA is adverse effects against heritage assets. These however the same level as SW-A. Whilst development locations higher than under any other and includes 3ha of are likely to be localised, and easier to assess once site- in Rest of HMA are unknown, the nature of heritage employment. Whilst growth locations are not specified the specific proposals emerge. assets means that they would be present in multiple localised nature of heritage assets means that they are localities across rural areas, and due care would need present in multiple localities across rural areas, and care to be exercised in avoiding harm. Minor adverse effects would need to be exercised in order to avoid harm. are therefore likely. Moderate adverse effects are therefore indicated at this stage due to the greater impact likely for higher growth levels. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.5 Moderate adverse effects are likely overall in this -1 Minor adverse effects are likely overall in this HMA -1.5 Moderate adverse effects are likely overall in this score for this HMA for this objective. for this objective. HMA for this objective. SA objective

Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategy SW-B is considered to be the more sustainable option as there are less adverse effects likely. This option increases the amount of growth at Royal Wootton Bassett which is better able to accommodate this growth without causing significant harm to heritage assets and reduces growth at the other settlements/areas which are more constrained in heritage terms.

• Strategies SW-A and SW-C score equally and are considered the least sustainable strategies as they are likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to higher proposed levels of growth at Marlborough, West of Swindon and in the Rest of the HMA.

• The three development strategies seek to direct the most substantial amounts of development to Royal Wootton Bassett. In each strategy Marlborough, meanwhile, is selected to take a relatively lower quantum of growth which would appear to be a more sustainable approach given numerous urban and rural designated and non-designated heritage assets and their settings around the town.

• Heritage evidence indicates that only minimal growth could be accommodated at West of Swindon, whilst any future locations identified for development across the Rest of the HMA would need to be mindful of localised impact upon the historic environment.

• For strategy SW-A that focuses growth on Royal Wootton Bassett, the potential for development on previously developed land is restricted and it will be necessary for all new development to consider the town’s elevated historical setting and central conservation area, isolated designated farmsteads surrounding the town, as well as the blurring of separate identity and rural character of neighbouring settlements, including Vastern, Ballard’s Ash and Hook. The line of the Wilts and Berks Canal should be protected but may provide an opportunity for environmental enhancement as part of sensitive development.

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• At West of Swindon, whilst the existence and setting of designated and non-designated assets at/around Purton, Lydiard Millicent and Lydiard Park need careful consideration, small housing numbers might be carefully accommodated. High archaeological potential exists across the general area, especially for Roman and Medieval artefacts. Evaluation and assessment would be required once individual sites were identified.

• At Marlborough, small-scale growth could be judiciously located around the town. However, high-quality designated and non-designated assets exist in many parts of the town and in surrounding areas. Development locations would need careful selection

• There is likely to be scope for development to conserve and/or enhance some heritage assets and their settings. Re-using previously-developed land would be helpful, where possible, at all settlements. This however is unlikely to yield as much land in the Swindon HMA as it may do in other areas. Local impact assessments at site stage, including for archaeology, would be required to test assertions.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise impact on and where appropriate enhance nationally designated landscapes and their settings and locally valued landscapes? Whilst this strategic-level analysis appraises designated as well as locally–valued landscape assets, local ones will become even more prominent during detailed / site-specific SA.

Royal Wootton Bassett: In landscape terms the town is already visible from lower-lying countryside. Important features include distant views to the North Wessex Downs AONB, as well as Brynards Hill country park (south).

Marlborough: Main constraints to development would be North Wessex Downs AONB and Tottenham House registered park & garden (higher plateau to the south-east). The Kennet and Og chalk rivers and valley floor meadows are scarce and sensitive landscapes. Development meanwhile to the east and south-east would impact Savernake Forest ancient woodland.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough The town is fully within the North Wessex Downs AONB Due to Marlborough’s sensitive landscape location, any The town is fully within the North Wessex Downs AONB with the Marlborough Downs to the north and Savernake development could have adverse effects on the with the Marlborough Downs to the north and Savernake Forest Grade 2* Park and Garden to the south. Any landscape, but this lower level of growth is considered Forest Grade 2* Park and Garden to the south. Any strategy would need to avoid sensitive skylines and easier to accommodate without leading to significant strategy would need to avoid sensitive skylines and locations visible from the wider AONB. It is considered effects. It is therefore considered that minor adverse locations visible from the wider AONB. It is considered that that moderate adverse effects are likely against this effects are likely. moderate adverse effects are likely against this objective objective due to Marlborough’s sensitive landscape due to Marlborough’s sensitive landscape location. location. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse

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Royal Under this development strategy Royal Wootton Bassett Under this development strategy Royal Wootton Bassett Under this development strategy Royal Wootton Bassett Wootton takes a modest amount of development. The town is not takes the highest amount of development, including 6ha takes the lowest amount of development. The town is not Bassett covered by, or in proximity to, any national landscape of employment. covered by, or in proximity to, any national landscape designations e.g. AONB. The town is not covered by, or in proximity to, any designations e.g. AONB. However, it is visible from lower-lying countryside and national landscape designations e.g. AONB. However, it is visible from lower-lying countryside and there are distant views to the North Wessex Downs However, it is visible from lower-lying countryside and there are distant views to the North Wessex Downs AONB AONB to the south. there are distant views to the North Wessex Downs to the south. Due to the lack of landscape designations in the area, it AONB to the south. Due to the lack of landscape designations in the area, it is is considered that minor adverse effects are likely. Growth needs to be carefully planned to avoid considered that minor adverse effects are likely. coalescence with Swindon to the east. Due to the lack of landscape designations in the area, it is considered that minor adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of This area is not covered by, or in proximity to, any This area is not covered by, or in proximity to, any This area is not covered by, or in proximity to, any national Swindon national landscape designations e.g. AONB. national landscape designations e.g. AONB. landscape designations e.g. AONB. Rural separation between the current western edge of Rural separation between the current western edge of Rural separation between the current western edge of Swindon and the smaller settlements of Lydiard Millicent Swindon and the smaller settlements of Lydiard Millicent Swindon and the smaller settlements of Lydiard Millicent and Purton should be maintained so that their separate and Purton should be maintained so that their separate and Purton should be maintained so that their separate character and identity is retained. character and identity is retained. character and identity is retained. Lydiard House (Grade I) & associated Park (Grade II) Lydiard House (Grade I) & associated Park (Grade II) and Lydiard House (Grade I) & associated Park (Grade II) and and Mouldon Hill Country Park will require specific Mouldon Hill Country Park will require specific Mouldon Hill Country Park will require specific consideration at individual site level. consideration at individual site level. consideration at individual site level. It is considered that this level of growth could take place It is considered that this level of growth could take place It is considered that this level of growth could take place without significant effects on landscape grounds and without significant effects on landscape grounds and without significant effects on landscape grounds and minor minor adverse effects are likely in this location. minor adverse effects are likely in this location. adverse effects are likely in this location. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Across the Rest of the HMA, whilst the quantum is fairly Across the Rest of the HMA, whilst the quantum is fairly Across the Rest of the HMA, whilst the quantum is slightly low, growth locations are as yet unclear and localised low, growth locations are as yet unclear and localised higher for this strategy, growth locations are as yet unclear impacts could occur. However, the rural part of the HMA impacts could occur. However, the rural part of the HMA and localised impacts could occur. However, the rural part is a large geographic area and there is scope for is a large geographic area and there is scope for of the HMA is a large geographic area and there is scope development to take place without having significant development to take place without having significant for development to take place without having significant effects. effects. effects. Therefore, minor adverse effects are considered likely Therefore, minor adverse effects are considered likely Therefore, minor adverse effects are considered likely overall. overall. overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.25 Overall the assessment of this strategy suggests -1 Overall the assessment of this strategy suggests that -1.25 Overall the assessment of this strategy suggests that score for that minor adverse effects are likely against this minor adverse effects are likely against this objective. minor adverse effects are likely against this objective. this SA objective. However, significant adverse effects are likely However, significant adverse effects are likely at at Marlborough. Marlborough. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

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• Strategy SW-B is considered to be the more sustainable option as there are less adverse effects likely. This option increases the amount of growth at Royal Wootton Bassett which is better able to accommodate this growth without causing significant landscape impacts and reduces growth, in particular at Marlborough, which is fully within the North Wessex Downs AONB.

• Strategy SW-B seeks to direct the highest amount of development to Royal Wootton Bassett and the lowest amount to all other settlements/areas. In landscape terms, Marlborough is the most constrained given its setting within a national landscape asset (North Wessex Downs AONB). The Rest of the HMA also lies, in part, within North Wessex Downs and the majority of growth would need to be directed towards localities outside of the designated landscape.

• In landscape terms, it would seem possible to direct the levels of growth in SW-B to West of Swindon and Rest of the HMA as there are no national landscape designations affecting West of Swindon and only the southern part of the HMA is affected by the AONB.

• At Royal Wootton Bassett, any new development would need to consider the town’s position on an escarpment, overlooked by the AONB from the south, inclusion within the Great Western Community Forest (GWCF), and coalescence with neighbouring settlements, including Swindon, Vastern, Ballard’s Ash and Hook.

• With regards mitigation, the GWCF plan, which aims to maintain countryside separation between Swindon and Royal Wootton Bassett, seeks inter alia to improve and enhance: nature conservation; transition with, and repair of, countryside around the south of Swindon through woodland planting; and landscape character alongside opportunities for access / recreation / education / health.

• Further mitigation opportunities can be linked to green infrastructure enhancement and restoration of the Wilts & Berks Canal corridor; both opportunities would lead to positive effects.

• At the West of Swindon, small housing numbers might be accommodated with careful site selection, accompanied by a requirement for a strong new landscape structure and countryside transitions in the form of tree and woodland planting. This area also partly lies (wholly or substantially) within the GWCF plan area. A key consideration is to maintain and improve an effective buffer between Swindon and the distinct setting and rural character around Purton and Lydiard Millicent, and improvement to the quality of the countryside transition / urban fringe with Swindon and to support GWCF objectives.

• At Marlborough, scattered, smaller-scale growth may be judiciously located around the town. However, the town is fully within the AONB, and development locations would need very careful selection and to take account of river corridors, valley sides and sensitive skylines, and conserve and enhance the special qualities of the AONB.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

At Royal Wootton Bassett the ratio of house price to earnings has also risen slightly to 9.32 but remains below the Wiltshire average. Only 22% of all housing delivered in the area in recent years has been affordable housing. Historic delivery of homes at the town has been substantially higher than planned levels.

At the West of Swindon, homes have been delivered at planned rates. The house price to earnings ratio for Swindon has risen marginally to 7.58 which is below the average for Wiltshire.

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The updated housing requirement means that growth for the HMA will be lower (by approximately 600 homes) than the number of homes allocated for 2006 – 2026 under the WCS. However, the provision of a significant number of new homes could potentially make a contribution to the provision of affordable homes in the HMA.

SA Conclusions relate to the ability of the strategy to deliver affordable homes where they are needed.

DAQ 2: Support the provision of a range of house types and sizes to meet the needs of all sectors of the community? Developments providing a mix of house types and sizes can be delivered on small or large sites. For this high-level stage of appraisal it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Under Strategy A, existing commitments would deliver Under Strategy B, existing commitments would deliver Under Strategy C, the housing requirement is higher, but the majority of the housing requirement for Marlborough, the majority of the housing requirement for existing commitments would still deliver the majority of the leaving a residual requirement of 135 dwellings. It is Marlborough, leaving a residual requirement of 50 housing requirement for the town, leaving a residual considered that the low scale of growth under this dwellings. It is considered that the low scale of growth requirement of 245 dwellings. It is considered that the low strategy would be unlikely to affect current trends to any under this strategy would be unlikely to affect current scale of growth under this strategy would be unlikely to notable degree and affordability would continue to be a trends to any notable degree and affordability would affect current trends to any notable degree and affordability significant issue for the town. Therefore, it is predicted continue to be a significant issue for the town. would continue to be a significant issue for the town. that this strategy would have minor adverse effects on Therefore, it is predicted that Strategy SW-B would Therefore, it is predicted that Strategy C would have minor affordability for Marlborough. have minor adverse effects on affordability for adverse effects on affordability for Marlborough, although Marlborough. this would be more positive compared to strategies SW-A and SW-B. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Rolling forward the pro-rata requirement for the town Under Strategy B, Royal Wootton Bassett would be Under Strategy C, Royal Wootton Bassett would be Wootton means that Royal Wootton Bassett would be expected to expected to deliver 1,255 dwellings from 2016-2036 (an expected to deliver 835 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking Bassett deliver 900 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into increase of just under 200 dwellings compared to the into account existing commitments this leaves a residual account existing commitments this leaves a residual current WCS). Taking into account existing requirement of 570 dwellings, comparable to Strategy A. It requirement of 635 dwellings. It is considered that the commitments this leaves a residual requirement of 990 is considered that the scale of growth under this strategy relatively modest scale of growth under this strategy dwellings. It is considered that the higher level of growth would be likely to have minor positive effects on the supply would be likely to have minor positive effects on the under this strategy would be likely to have moderate of affordable homes for the town. supply of affordable homes for the town. positive effects on the supply of affordable homes for the town.

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Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive West of Rolling forward the housing requirement for the HMA Strategy B would mean a reduction in housing provision Strategy C would mean a reduction in housing provision of Swindon against current strategy would mean a reduction in of just over 400 dwellings for the West of Swindon, just over 400 dwellings at the West of Swindon, compared housing provision of approximately 150 dwellings for the compared to the previous plan period, the same as to the previous plan period, the same as Strategy B but West of Swindon, compared to the previous plan period. Strategy C but lower than Strategy A. Taking into lower than Strategy A. Taking into account commitments Taking into account commitments there would be a account commitments there would be a residual there would be a residual requirement of 50. There is, residual requirement of 320 dwellings. Given the relative requirement of 50. Given the relative size of Swindon, it therefore a risk given the relative size of Swindon, and it is size of Swindon, it is considered that the scale of growth is considered that the scale of growth under this considered that the scale of growth under this strategy under this strategy would be likely to have minor positive strategy would be likely to have a neutral effect on the would be likely to have a neutral effect on the supply of effects on the supply of affordable homes for Swindon but supply of affordable homes for Swindon. affordable homes for Swindon. could result in the delivery of fewer homes at the other settlements in Wiltshire. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA A continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth at Under Strategy B, the housing requirements for 2016 – Under Strategy C a greater proportion of the housing small and large villages is likely to exacerbate 2036, to be met at small and large villages, would be requirements for 2016 – 2036 would be directed to the rest affordability issues in these parts of the Rest of the HMA. comparable to the current WCS requirement. Taking of the HMA but not significantly more than A and B. Taking Taking into account commitments there would be a into account commitments there would be a residual into account commitments there would be a residual residual requirement of 145 dwellings. requirement of 145 dwellings. requirement of 370 dwellings. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to be small. These factors on balance are likely to result in a likely to be small. These factors on balance are likely to be small. These factors on balance are likely to result in minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes in result in minor positive effects on the supply of minor positive effects on the supply of affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. the rest of the HMA. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 0.5 Overall, considering the distribution of housing across 0.5 Overall, considering the distribution of housing 0.25 Overall, considering the distribution of housing across score for this all settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a across all settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to all settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a minor SA objective minor positive effect on this objective. have a minor positive effect on this objective. positive effect on this objective but the benefits will be less than for A and B. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SW-A and SW-B score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective. Both strategies are likely to have minor positive effects on this objective.

• Strategy SW-C also is likely to have minor positive effects but the benefits are likely to be less than SW-A and SW-B and this is the least sustainable strategy.

• None of the strategies under consideration are likely to have significant benefits against this objective. The only settlement to score moderate positive is Royal Wootton Bassett under strategy B which proposes an increase in the housing requirement. But overall, these strategies propose a housing requirement for the Swindon HMA much lower (by approx. 600 dwellings) than for the current plan period. Existing commitments in many cases have led to a zero or small residual requirement which would not provide a consistent supply up to 2036. To increase the benefits for affordable and market housing provision in this HMA, the overall requirement would need to be significantly higher.

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• SW-B allocates the least amount of development to Marlborough but the level of growth in each strategy for Marlborough is not significantly different. The ratio of house price to earnings in Marlborough has risen to 15.97, substantially higher than the average for Wiltshire. The provision of affordable housing at Marlborough should be prioritised to meet identified needs, perhaps through application of a specific affordable housing policy requirement for the town that is higher than for other parts of Wiltshire, subject to viability testing. Increasing the overall housing requirement considerably at Marlborough would have some benefits for affordable provision but would still be unlikely to significantly bring down the ratio.

• SW-B, however, allocates the highest amount of housing to Royal Wootton Bassett, which is considered better located to meet affordable housing needs.

• For West of Swindon, strategies SW-B and SW-C when considering commitments would have neutral effects because there would effectively be a zero requirement. However, Swindon Borough Council are proposing to meet the needs for Swindon within the Borough and so allocation of homes at West of Swindon, in Wiltshire, would be unlikely to be of benefit to the town but the reduction in the number of homes being allocated to the other Wiltshire settlements within the HMA could have a negative effect on the supply of affordable homes for these settlements.

• For the Rest of the HMA (the rural area) homes have been delivered at or above expected levels but affordability ratios are, however, higher in rural areas, which reflects the limited supply of homes at large and small villages in recent years, relative to higher tier settlements. Across all strategies, the proposed requirements are only likely to have minor benefits and provision would need to be significantly higher to make any real difference to affordability. A rural facilities survey should be undertaken to identify where the provision of homes could be targeted to help support the vitality of rural settlements in the HMA.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Maximise opportunities within the most deprived areas? There are no areas within the Swindon HMA that have been identified as being subject to deprivation.

Older people within Royal Wootton Bassett are more vulnerable and at risk of social isolation than across Wiltshire as a whole.

DAQ 2: Be accessible to educational, health, amenity greenspace, community and town centre facilities which are able to cope with the additional demand? At Royal Wootton Bassett there is an existing gap in GP provision (-409m2). This is expected to increase to -533m2 by 2026. There is an opportunity to refurbish New Court Surgery. There is a planned expansion to Royal Wootton Bassett Academy, which will enable the school to meet identified needs. Complexities are considered in expanding this school further, due to PFI and as this would create a very large school and larger scales of growth are considered to be able to support new secondary school provision. New primary provision is expected to be required, as St Bartholomew’s is currently undergoing expansion and there are only a small number of surplus places across the town.

At Marlborough there is a community hospital situated in the settlement. Marlborough Medical Practice is experiencing a provision gap of -379m2 and Ramsbury and Wanborough Surgery faces a gap of -318m2. These gaps are expected to stagnate in the period up to 2026. There is scope to expand the existing secondary school, but expansion is currently considered to be required with St John’s in Marlborough currently operating over-capacity. A large scale of growth is considered to be capable of enabling a new school. Primary schools within the settlement have no scope for further expansion and new provision would have to be secured to meet demand from new housing. Issues are apparent in securing land for new school provision, however.

West of Swindon has one secondary school, which is positioned in Purton. This school currently has some capacity with demand for places reducing following the opening of a new school in Swindon but is expected to be full by 2020. Additional land would need to be acquired to enable any future expansion. While there is some existing surplus of primary school places, none of the schools in the area are capable of expansion. Modest levels of housing growth could be accommodated as a result.

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DAQ 4: Reduce rural isolation, including access to affordable services for those without a car in rural areas? Within the Rest of the HMA, rural areas suffer from lack of access to services and facilities, so focusing development in these areas without promoting services alongside could lead to more isolation. There is an opportunity for development to support services and facilities in rural areas. House price to income ratios in rural areas are higher than the Wiltshire average and house prices are above the Wiltshire average. Further, there is a risk of isolation among the over 65s. Housing development could potentially help to overcome these issues.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough This relatively low level of growth includes 4ha This low level of growth does not include any This is the highest level of growth of all strategies and employment which will provide local jobs. This level of employment. It would be unlikely to place significant includes 3ha employment which will provide local jobs. growth would be unlikely to place significant additional additional pressures on existing services and facilities – This level of growth would be unlikely to have significant pressures on existing services and facilities – there is there is currently significant pressure on health and benefits but would not place significant additional currently significant pressure on health and education education facilities in the town. However, it should also pressures on existing services and facilities – there is facilities in the town. However, it should also have benefits have benefits in terms of provision of some affordable currently significant pressure on health and education in terms of provision of affordable housing and new or housing and new or expanded facilities, and creation of facilities in the town. However, it should have benefits in expanded facilities, and creation of new areas of public new areas of public open space that could help reduce terms of provision of affordable housing and new or open space that could help reduce social isolation and social isolation and allow physical exercise. expanded facilities, and creation of new areas of public allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more open space that could help reduce social isolation and New development is considered likely to be more positive positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and allow physical exercise. than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. New development is considered likely to be more positive and promoting more inclusive communities. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. and promoting more inclusive communities. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Royal This lower level of growth would be unlikely to place This higher level of growth includes 6ha employment This lower level of growth would be unlikely to place Wootton significant additional pressures on existing services and which will provide local jobs. It may place some significant additional pressures on existing services and Bassett facilities – there is an existing gap in GP provision (- additional pressures on existing services and facilities in facilities – there is an existing gap in GP provision (- 409m2), expected to increase to -533m2 by 2026, and local the short-term but gives more opportunities to help 409m2), expected to increase to -533m2 by 2026, and local schools have a lack of capacity. reduce isolation among older people and increase schools have a lack of capacity. There should be benefits overall in terms of new jobs from opportunities to invest in health and education There should be benefits overall in terms of provision of 2ha employment provision, provision of affordable housing provision. affordable housing for those on low incomes or living in for those on low incomes or living in inappropriate housing, There should be benefits overall in terms of provision of inappropriate housing, new or expanded new or expanded community/cultural/ recreational affordable housing for those on low incomes or living in community/cultural/ recreational facilities, including new facilities, including new schools and healthcare facilities, inappropriate housing, new or expanded schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new areas and creation of new areas of public open space that could community/cultural/ recreational facilities, including new of public open space that could help reduce social isolation help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new and allow physical exercise. New development is New development is considered likely to be more positive areas of public open space that could help reduce considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation social isolation and allow physical exercise. New of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more and promoting more inclusive communities. development is considered likely to be more positive inclusive communities.

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Minor positive effects likely overall. than negative in terms of reducing poverty and Minor positive effects likely overall. deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. Minor positive effects likely overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive West of There are no significant constraints in accommodating this There are no significant constraints in accommodating There are no significant constraints in accommodating this Swindon growth, however Purton secondary school is expected to this growth, however Purton secondary school is growth, however Purton secondary school is expected to be full by 2020 and additional land would need to be expected to be full by 2020 and additional land would be full by 2020 and additional land would need to be acquired to enable any future expansion. Significant need to be acquired to enable any future expansion. acquired to enable any future expansion. Significant benefits are not expected. Significant benefits are not expected. benefits are not expected. There should be benefits overall in terms of provision of There should be benefits overall in terms of provision of There should be benefits overall in terms of provision of affordable housing for those on low incomes or living in affordable housing for those on low incomes or living in affordable housing for those on low incomes or living in inappropriate housing, new or expanded inappropriate housing, new or expanded inappropriate housing, new or expanded community/cultural/ recreational facilities, including new community/cultural/ recreational facilities, including new community/cultural/ recreational facilities, including new schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new schools and healthcare facilities, and creation of new areas areas of public open space that could help reduce social areas of public open space that could help reduce of public open space that could help reduce social isolation isolation and allow physical exercise. social isolation and allow physical exercise. and allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. Minor positive effects likely overall. Minor positive effects likely overall. Minor positive effects likely overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of HMA Benefits will very much depend on the location of any new Benefits will very much depend on the location of any Effects are not expected to be significant. development. Services and facilities differ across the rural new development. Services and facilities differ across Benefits will very much depend on the location of any new area. Public transport services have reduced in recent the rural area. Public transport services have reduced in development. Services and facilities differ across the rural years making some areas less accessible. recent years making some areas less accessible. area. Public transport services have reduced in recent It is likely that this strategy will be more positive than It is likely that this strategy will be more positive than years making some areas less accessible. negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation It is likely that this strategy will be more positive than promoting more inclusive communities. Minor positive and promoting more inclusive communities. Minor negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and effects likely overall. positive effects likely overall. promoting more inclusive communities. Minor positive effects likely overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive score for effects on Objective 9. effects on Objective 9. effects on Objective 9. this SA objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, it has been difficult to differentiate between the different strategies, they all score equally and there is no one strategy considered to be more or less sustainable against this objective. Strategies that distribute higher levels of growth to different areas e.g. SW-A to West of Swindon, SW-B to Royal Wootton Bassett and SW-C to Marlborough and Rest of the HMA are likely to have greater benefits. However, these levels of higher growth are distributed between all of the strategies which is why they score so similarly, and growth is not of a scale where significant changes are likely to occur in the area.

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• Increasing levels of growth in all settlements/areas, providing there is commensurate investment in infrastructure, services and facilities, is likely to have a positive effect in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities.

• New development in different parts of the HMA is considered to be positive overall, through provision of affordable housing and new or expanded health, education, cultural and recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise.

• New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities.

• New development can cause pressure on existing services and facilities in the short-term and needs to be accompanied by adequate infrastructure to meet the needs of new residents. This is especially the case regarding transport, healthcare and education where services are under pressure across much of the area. All of the settlements in the Swindon HMA, including the West of Swindon, have existing issues with secondary school capacity which could be worsened by further development. Additional school capacity would need to be found at all of the settlements. Strategies should also take the opportunity to invest in health services and facilities. This is particularly pertinent in Royal Wootton Bassett and Marlborough which have significant capacity issues and would need additional investment in GP surgeries to address the existing GP capacity gap. Increasing the levels of growth proposed could enable new educational facility supply, but could lead to pressure on other services.

• For new development to be effective in reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities, it will be very important that all new housing development includes a range of house types/tenures and a level of affordable housing that will actually help reduce the affordability ratio, which is high in this area, and that all new development provides the essential services and facilities that are needed to avoid increasing pressure on existing services and also reduces the need to travel and reduces out-commuting.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

None of the main settlements within this HMA possess a rail link with public transport services being provided by the bus travel options present to act as alternatives to private car travel. When looking at the rest of the HMA, along with development to the west of Swindon, many of these locations are positioned in less accessible locations than the market towns and principal settlements and may increase the reliance on the private car, often being positioned further away from many amenities or public transport services. 1.

Marlborough lies on the intersection of the A4 and A346 providing key links in each direction. These links are well used by transport from several locations and Marlborough acts as a pinch point for this traffic which can cause AM and PM peak hour delays, impacting travel times. This congestion also needs to be considered when trying to mitigate any further deterioration of the Air Quality in Marlborough, a location with an existing AQMA.

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Royal Wootton Bassett’s proximity to Junction 16 of the M4 influences patterns of travel in the area and can create additional volumes of traffic in the town. While other routes radiate from the surroundings into the town, the A3102 acts as the main route running through the town which suffers congestion at peak periods as a result.

Within the Rest of the HMA and locations west of Swindon, links to the highway network vary as do the levels of existing transport capacity. That being said, the majority of settlements in the rest of HMA will likely be less accessible to services and increase the likelihood of increasing usage of transport corridors with lower levels of capacity. 2. DAQ 3: Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure? The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain elements of the existing transport infrastructure in each broad location that could be utilised sustainably if growth were to take place. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise potential efficient use or impacts upon the existing transport infrastructure. More detailed assessment will be possible at the site assessment stage where the potential for utilisation or improvements to the existing transport infrastructure will become clearer.

In highways terms, Marlborough is well connected, acting as a central point at the intersection of the A4 and A346, with A345 also offering links to the south. Bus services utilise these links offering services to locations such as Swindon, Salisbury and Pewsey, which offer the locations for rail provision in the absence of a station within Marlborough. Great Bedwyn offers another option for rail travel, 6 miles away.

Royal Wootton Bassett is located in close proximity to Junction 16 of M4, also offering A routes to settlements such as Swindon. These A routes are utilised by bus services offering links to locations such as Calne, Chippenham, Malmesbury and Swindon. The nearest railway station is at Swindon.

The often rural nature of the Rest of the HMA and areas to the west of Swindon leads to a large variance in the nature and availability of transport infrastructure, both in public transport and highway terms. Existing sustainable transport infrastructure in the rest of the housing market area is often limited due to the remote location of certain areas with in-frequent public transport services and accessibility. Efficient use of existing transport systems in these locations is consequently more likely to be constrained by the lack of current infrastructure.

Within Marlborough, in the absence of a rail link within the town, the enhancement of the public transport offer is likely to be in the shape of enhanced bus service provision, utilising the road network present within the town, namely the A4, A345 and A346. Active travel is characterised by National Cycle Network 254, 403 and 482 along with section 10 and 11 of the Wiltshire Cycleway passing through the area. The Marlborough town cycle network plan outlines further provision and opportunities.

The highway links provided by the A3102 and radial B routes provide the basis for the sustainable transport services present within Royal Wootton Bassett and the basis from which they are likely to be enhanced in the future, given no rail link is provided for in the town itself. The active travel present includes National Cycle network 24 and 254 lying just to the north and west of the settlement. A Royal Wootton Bassett town cycle network plan has been developed outlining provision and opportunities.

When looking at the Rest of the HMA, along with locations to the west of Swindon, it is acknowledged there is relatively poor cycle network provision in the rural hinterland and while settlements are connected by Public Rights of Way, the quality and visibility of these routes vary. The bus services are often limited or in-frequent, particularly in more sparsely populated rural areas, though it is acknowledged that growth of towns and villages in these areas may offer the opportunity to make some public transport services more viable to these areas. Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Marlborough is identified for a relatively low level of Marlborough is identified for a lower level of growth in this Marlborough is identified for a higher level of growth in this growth in this option. However, this will lead to option. However, this will lead to additional traffic in the town option. This is likely to lead to additional traffic in the town

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additional traffic in the town which may exacerbate which may exacerbate existing congestion levels and air which may significantly exacerbate existing congestion existing congestion levels and air quality issues. Given quality issues. Given the highway infrastructure and current levels and air quality issues compared with the other two the highway infrastructure and current sustainable sustainable transport provision present, minor adverse lower growth options. transport provision present, minor adverse effects are effects are likely against this objective. Given the highway infrastructure and current sustainable likely against this objective. transport provision present, moderate adverse effects are likely against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal Strategy SW-A identifies a modest level of growth, Strategy SW-B focuses more growth at Royal Wootton Strategy SW-C identifies a similar level of growth to SW-A. Wootton mainly housing with a small amount of employment. Bassett, higher than the roll forward of the WCS option. This will lead to additional traffic in the town which may Bassett This will lead to additional traffic in the town which may Currently this is assessed as having a minor adverse effect exacerbate existing congestion levels and air quality exacerbate existing congestion levels and air quality in this location given the level of growth remains moderate. issues. However, an AQMA has not been designated issues. However, an AQMA has not been designated The level to which mitigation measures can be established currently. currently. to accommodate this level of growth are currently unclear Overall, minor adverse effects are likely. Overall, minor adverse effects are likely. and an AQMA has not been designated currently. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of Significance of effects very much dependant on Significance of effects very much dependant on location of Significance of effects very much dependant on location of Swindon location of any new development. At this stage, minor any new development. At this stage, minor adverse effects any new development. At this stage, minor adverse effects adverse effects considered likely from this level of considered likely from this level of growth against this considered likely from this level of growth against this growth against this objective. objective. objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA A continuation of the current levels of growth in the rest SW-B proposes the same level of growth as SW-A. Focusing a slightly higher level of housing growth in rest of of HMA, may place growth in locations with reduced Development in rural areas is likely to have reduced access HMA may place development in locations with reduced access to sustainable modes of transport. For to sustainable modes of transport. For development to access to sustainable modes of transport. For development to mitigate this effect it would need to mitigate this effect it would need to improve the availability development to mitigate this effect it would need to improve the availability of sustainable transport of sustainable transport provision and accessibility. The improve the availability of sustainable transport provision provision and accessibility. Given the extent to which uncertainty over the geographical location of growth and the and accessibility. This level of growth in combination with this is possible remains unclear at this stage, this level level to which sustainability may be achieved means this is the uncertainty over the geographical location of growth of growth in these locations is assessed as having a likely to have minor adverse effects against this objective. and the level to which sustainability may be achieved is minor adverse effect against this objective. assessed as having a minor adverse effect against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse -1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse -1.25 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse score for effects on this objective. effects on this objective. effects on this objective, although effects will be greater this SA due to likely significant effects at Marlborough under this strategy. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategies SW-A and SW-B score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective. Both strategies are considered likely to have fewer adverse effects than strategy SW-C.

• Strategy SW-C is the least sustainable option as it is considered to have greater adverse effects overall – this is due to the likelihood of significant adverse effects at Marlborough.

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• Transport issues within the Swindon HMA are largely focussed on trying to maximise the use and availability of sustainable modes of transport along with managing levels of congestion on strategic routes and in town centres, namely in Marlborough and Royal Wootton Bassett. This congestion can impact upon private and public transport, as well as impacting the strategic role of key routes running through each location. Overall, the level of growth proposed across the strategies is considered likely to increase traffic levels generally, and the impact of this must be taken into consideration when considering options moving forward.

• Marlborough has comparatively less growth identified for the town across all options, but the largest level of growth is proposed in strategy SW-C which is the reason for likely moderate adverse effects. Growth at this settlement through all strategies will need to be sensitive to further impacts on the highway routes that intersect at Marlborough, including current congestion and air quality issues with a designated AQMA in the town centre.

• Royal Wootton Bassett is identified for similar levels of growth in strategies SW-A and SW-C, with strategy SW-B focusing the largest level of growth on the town which puts the settlement forward as a focus for growth. Royal Wootton Bassett has its travel patterns influenced by its proximity to the M4, junction 16. This generates increases in traffic volumes using the road routes through the town with the A3102 acting as the main route through the town. The A3102 also offers a key link to surrounding settlements and is utilised by public transport services to offer links further afield, in combination to the other radial B routes from the town. With this in mind, future development must consider the impact and mitigation measures possible to maintain the efficient functioning of this road network, hence the negative effects for all strategies in relation to this settlement. The uncertainty reflects that the assessment is likely to change once further detail emerges around the sustainability of development in transport terms and the mitigation possible that can vary in different locations with differing levels of development.

• Growth in the Rest of the HMA, in rural areas, and at West of Swindon, may place development away from established sustainable transport provision. It should however be acknowledged that development here may facilitate and improve the viability of new sustainable transport options reaching more rural communities. At this stage, development in these locations has been assessed negatively against this objective mainly due to the likelihood that it will not make efficient use of existing sustainable transport infrastructure and may increase private car usage. However further work establishing the level of development required in certain locations to facilitate investment and improvements in sustainable transport options may change this assessment and clarify the sustainability of the rest of HMA, hence the uncertainty being placed against the assessments at this stage.

• It Is considered key to locate development at locations that make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure and can facilitate advancements in the use of sustainable transport. Therefore, favourable locations should be in well-connected areas that benefit from good accessibility to a wide range of sustainable transport options, or in locations that can facilitate improvements in such factors. Development should contribute to improving sustainable transport networks; this includes linking town centres with development sites as well as linking settlements together.

• Any future development proposals should carefully consider schemes to significantly reduce private car use. Strong investment may be required to improve public transport services and safe walking/cycling links, particularly within and to/from town centres.

• Mixed-use development proposals or sites that have good transport links to existing employment areas within the settlement are recommended as this will help increase self-containment and reduce need to travel.

• Significant new highway infrastructure may be necessary to enable higher levels of grow to take place in the identified settlements, depending on the exact scale and location of growth.

• More detailed transport assessments may be necessary to understand in detail the impact of certain levels of development on settlements and communities to understand the impacts and possible mitigation measures that can be put in place to improve congestion hot spots and sustainable transport provision.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)?

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The extent that strategies can promote a balance between residential and employment development will, in part, depend on the existing provision in terms of housing stock and employment uses, the relationship between them, and the relationship/connectivity of a settlement with other parts the HMA/FEMA (which themselves are strongly influenced by travel to work areas) and adjacent areas. The provision of employment development in isolation could, for example, be more likely to lead to an increase in travel distances but not necessarily if it was located in an area of relatively higher rates of unemployment. The same might apply in areas where employment vacancies are high, or jobs are expected to increase. This will, however, depend on the extent that the skills base of the unemployed in the local area match that provided by any new employers.

Of the total need of 182ha of employment land identified in the FEMA, a substantial proportion can be met from existing operational employment sites and site allocations leaving 26ha to be met from additional allocations across the county. The residual requirement for employment land for the Swindon HMA is 6ha. Due to the extent of existing employment provision, none of the three strategies would be likely to result in major positive or negative effects, as the vast majority is already being met by current employment sites or existing commitments.

At Marlborough total employment has grown very slightly since 2009, with low levels of unemployment at the town. There is a high concentration of jobs in the Education sector. This is reflected in the JSF profile. Marlborough Business Park has provided an important new location for employment growth and new business but is practically fully let/sold, and workspace and land shortages have been identified. Below average town centre shop vacancy rates.

At Royal Wootton Bassett total employment has stagnated since 2009. No sector stands out as having a particularly high concentration. The small employment base is reflected in the JSF profile. Occupancy at Interface Park remains strong; there has been much MoD property investment at Lyneham to support its training facilities there. There is a low level of unemployment at the town and below average shop vacancy rates.

Page | 202 across a number of sectors. The range of employment sites in Swindon generally comprise good quality, well-maintained stock with relatively low vacancy 2. Total employment has steadily increased in recent years and is now at pre-recession levels. Unemployment at Swindon is low.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Under this strategy 4ha additional employment land Under this strategy no additional employment land would Under this strategy 3ha additional employment land would would be required at Marlborough and 570 dwellings. be required at Marlborough and there would only be 485 be required at Marlborough and 680 dwellings. As with, The scale of employment growth allocated would be new homes over the plan period. It is therefore predicted SW-A, the scale of employment growth allocated would be unlikely to be matched by the scale of housing to be that this strategy would have a neutral effect on travel to unlikely to be matched by scale of housing to be provided provided under this strategy. The high affordability ratio work distances. under this strategy, although there would be a slightly for housing at Marlborough is likely to be a strong The housing proposed will help to support local businesses, better balance with the additional homes proposed. The factor in commuting patterns, meaning that employees the town centre and provide an increased supply of local high affordability ratio for housing at Marlborough is still are likely to travel to Marlborough to work rather than labour. likely to be a strong factor in relation to commuting live and work there. Provision of 4ha of employment Minor positive effects are predicted when comparing with patterns, meaning that employees based at the new land is therefore unlikely to redress any imbalance but strategies TR-B and TR-C. employment locations, are likely to travel to Marlborough to will still be positive in providing sites for local business work rather than live and work there. Provision of 3ha of expansion and inward investment, encouraging a employment land is therefore unlikely to redress any travel vibrant and diversified economy. to work imbalance but will still be positive in providing sites The housing proposed will also help to support local for local business expansion and inward investment, businesses, the town centre and provide an increased encouraging a vibrant and diversified economy. supply of local labour. The housing proposed will also help to support local Overall, minor positive effects are likely. businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. Similar to the other strategies, overall, minor positive effects are likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Royal Under this strategy 2ha of additional employment land Employment has stagnated at Royal Wootton Bassett and No additional employment provision at Royal Wootton Wootton would be allocated at Royal Wotton Bassett and 900 therefore additional employment provision of 6ha would be Bassett is predicted to have negative effects. Bassett dwellings. Employment has stagnated at the town and of substantial benefit, plus the higher number of homes However, 835 dwellings proposed under this strategy is therefore additional employment provision would be a proposed. likely to have positive effects overall, but not significantly, benefit. This much higher level of housing proposed will also help to through supporting local businesses, the town centre and The level of housing proposed will also help to support support local businesses, the town centre and provide a providing an increased supply of local labour. local businesses, the town centre and provide an significantly increased supply of local labour. increased supply of local labour. Consequently, this strategy is predicted to result in Consequently, this strategy is predicted to result in moderate positive effects on this objective. minor positive effects overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive West of Under this strategy there would be no additional Under this strategy there would be no additional Under this strategy there would be no additional Swindon employment land allocated to the West of Swindon. It employment land allocated to the West of Swindon, the employment land allocated to the West of Swindon, the is assumed that the wider employment allocation in the same as for strategies SW-A and SW-C. Because of the same as for strategies SW-A and SW-B. Because of the

2 Swindon Employment Land Review, March 2017.

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borough would continue to meet the employment close relationship of the location with Swindon it is close relationship of the location with Swindon it is needs of the town. assumed that the employment needs would continue be assumed that the employment needs would continue be The 755 dwellings proposed under this strategy is likely met within the borough. met within the borough. to have positive effects overall, but not significantly, The 485 dwellings proposed under this strategy is likely to The 485 dwellings proposed under this strategy is likely to through supporting local businesses and providing an have positive effects overall, but not significantly, through have positive effects overall, but not significantly, through increased supply of local labour. supporting local businesses and providing an increased supporting local businesses and providing an increased Minor positive effects likely. supply of local labour. supply of local labour. Minor positive effects likely. Minor positive effects likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of HMA Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy no employment land would be allocated Under this strategy 3ha of employment land would be allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean a for the rest of the HMA. This would mean a continuation of allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean an continuation of the existing approach to the provision of the existing approach to the provision of employment land increase in the existing provision of employment land to employment land to meet local needs. to meet local needs. balance the allocation of additional homes under this The 1030 dwellings proposed under this strategy is The 1030 dwellings proposed under this strategy, same as strategy. likely to have positive effects overall, but not SW-A, is likely to have positive effects overall, but not The 1255 dwellings proposed under this strategy is also significantly, through supporting local businesses, significantly, through supporting local businesses, village likely to have positive effects overall through supporting village services and facilities and providing an services and facilities and providing an increased supply of local businesses, village services and facilities and increased supply of local labour. local labour. providing an increased supply of local labour. Minor positive effects likely. Minor positive effects likely. Taken together in the rural part of the HMA, the combination of housing and employment is considered likely to have moderate positive effects overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Average 1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1.25 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1.25 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive score for effects on this objective. effects on this objective. effects on this objective. this SA objective

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Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Overall, Strategies SW-B and SW-C score equally and are the most sustainable strategies as they are likely to have the highest level of benefits across all areas. • Strategy SW-A is considered the least sustainable option as it is likely to have fewer benefits across all areas.

• Strategy SW-A is likely to have benefits in every settlement/area but is unlikely to result in any significant benefits for a particular place. Whereas, the distributions proposed in SW-B and SW- C are likely to have significant benefits for Royal Wootton Bassett and the Rest of the HMA respectively.

• Settlements/areas in these strategies that combine a higher level of both employment and housing are considered likely to give greater benefits against this objective as both elements help to improve self-containment of settlements and encourage vibrant and diversified places.

• Outstanding commitments in the Swindon HMA (within Wiltshire) are capable of meeting a significant proportion of the need for additional employment land to 2036. Consequently, the differences in the effects of the three strategic options for the distribution of the employment land requirement are limited by the relatively small scale of development under consideration. A key consideration has been the aspiration to reduce travel to work distances and achieving a balance between employment and housing growth. An imbalance of housing and employment e.g. at Marlborough through strategy SW-A, may have benefits overall for the local economy, but will mean employees are likely to travel to Marlborough to work rather than live and work there.

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Annex I - Swindon Housing Market Area (HMA) - Assessment of Alternative Development Strategies (Standard Method)

Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) - Rolling forward the core strategy includes employment land at Marlborough and Royal Wootton Bassett.

Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) - Focus on rest of HMA - Marlborough and rest of HMA continue WCS rates, reduced at Royal Wootton Bassett and only commitments at West of Swindon.

Proposed distribution of housing and employment requirements – Swindon HMA Settlement Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Strategy) Bassett Focus) Focus) Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Marlborough 515 4 435 0 615 3 Royal Wootton Bassett 810 2 1130 6 755 0 West of Swindon 680 0 435 0 435 0 Rest of HMA 930 0 930 0 1130 3 TOTAL 2935 6 2930 6 2935 6

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Avoid potential negative impacts of development on designated wildlife sites, protected species and priority species and habitats (international, national, local) and enhance these where possible? With regards to statutory designations in Marlborough, Savernake Forest SSSI, which is an area of ancient woodland and is a habitat for Dormouse and bats, lies to the south east of the settlement boundary and the River Kennet SSSI runs through from east to west. There are also a number of non-statutory CWSs on the boundary of the settlement, including Stonebridge Meadows to the north east and Granham Hill and Chopping Knife Lane Bank to the south. Furthermore, the disused railway tunnel to the south is an important hibernation site for Natterer’s bats and as a result, should be considered as designated.

In the West of Swindon, there are some statutory designations including Restrop Farm and Brockhurst Wood SSSI which lies to the south west of Purton, and Stoke Common Meadows SSSI in the rural area west of Purton Stoke. There are also a number of CWSs dispersed around the West of Swindon area, particularly in the area around Lydiard Plain.

In the Rest of the HMA, there are some areas which are designated SSSIs or contain important habitats including ancient woodland.

DAQ 2: Ensure that all new developments protect Local Geological Sites (LGSs) from development? There are no LGSs (formerly Regional Sites of Geological Importance, or RIGs) in direct proximity to the market towns in the Swindon HMA. However, there are some small sites in the Rest of the HMA.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Due to the likelihood that potential significant effects on It is considered likely that moderate adverse effects on A moderate adverse effect is anticipated owing to the designated sites that are habitats for protected species are biodiversity could be avoided. Subject to the precise potential impacts on designated sites that are habitats for more likely to be avoided, a minor adverse effect is location of development, minor adverse effects are protected species. anticipated. considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal While this strategy directs moderate growth to Royal SW-B proposes moderately high levels of growth for Whilst SW-C proposes moderate growth at Royal Wootton Wootton Wootton Bassett, a minor adverse effect is considered Royal Wootton Bassett, substantially higher than under Bassett – commensurate with Core Strategy Continued - Bassett likely owing to the presence of designated sites. Core Strategy Continued. Therefore, a minor adverse due to the presence of designated sites, a minor adverse effect is considered likely due to the presence of effect is considered likely. designated sites. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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West of At this stage, no sites have been identified so it is difficult A low level of growth is proposed through this strategy. A low level of growth is proposed through this strategy. Swindon to determine whether negative effects at West of Swindon Ecological designations are apparent, and a minor Ecological designations are apparent, and a minor adverse would occur. The level of growth proposed is low and adverse effect is likely as a result. effect is likely as a result. therefore, minor adverse effects on this objective are anticipated due to the presence of ecological designations. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Similarly, due to the broad geographical area involved, it is At this stage, no sites have been identified so it is At this stage, no sites have been identified so it is difficult difficult to determine impacts upon Rest of HMA. difficult to determine whether negative effects in the to determine whether negative effects on Rest of HMA Therefore, due to the presence of ecological designations, Rest of the HMA will occur. Therefore, minor adverse would be registered under this scenario. Adverse impacts minor adverse effects on this objective are anticipated. effects on this objective are anticipated due to the are however comparatively more likely given the slightly presence of ecological designations. higher growth quantum directed at more rural areas under CH-C. Therefore, due to the presence of ecological designations minor adverse effects on this objective are anticipated. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 While minor adverse effects are anticipated for all -1 Adverse effects are anticipated for all settlements -1.25 Due to Marlborough being particularly constrained score for settlements and areas in the HMA in this strategy, due to and areas in the HMA through this strategy due to the with regards to ecological designations and the higher level this SA Marlborough being particularly constrained with regards to presence of ecological designations at all of the of growth directed towards rural areas, this strategy is likely ecological designations, this strategy is likely to lead to settlements. However, uncertainties exist regarding the to lead to minor adverse effects. objective minor adverse effects. location of development and/or adoption of mitigation methods. Therefore, minor adverse effects are anticipated through this strategy. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategies SW-A and SW-B are equally the most sustainable strategies against this objective as likely adverse effects are fewer.

• Strategy SW-C scores lower and is considered the least sustainable strategy due to significant effects being attributed to Marlborough. • Marlborough is considered the most highly constrained settlement in the Swindon HMA with regards to this objective, due to a number of ecological designations that relate to and intersect with the settlement boundary. As a result, moderate adverse effects are considered likely from the strategies that propose the higher levels of growth in Marlborough (SW-A and SW-C).

• Development should also take the opportunity to improve habitats where necessary and achieve an overall net gain for biodiversity.

• Adopting buffers around important connective habitats, such as hedgerows, railways lines and canals, would help to reduce pressure on these areas.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

DAQ 4: Result in the permanent loss of the Best and Most Versatile Agricultural land (Grades 1, 2, 3a)? At Marlborough, the majority of land surrounding the built-up area is classified as Grade 3 agricultural land (good to moderate) with some patches of Grade 2 (very good) to the east and south of the town.

In Royal Wootton Bassett, the built-up area is surrounded by Grade 3 and Grade 4 (poor) agricultural land, with the Grade 4 land surrounding the south of the town.

At the West of Swindon, the majority of land is classified as Grade 3 and Grade 4 agricultural land.

DAQ 5: Lead to the sterilisation of viable mineral resources? If so, is there potential to extract the mineral resource as part of the development? A Mineral Safeguarding Area (MSA) also covers a large proportion of the built-up area of Royal Wootton Bassett and the south western area, as well as another MSA further east of the town.

With regards to the West of Swindon, there is an MSA near Purton.

In the Rest of the HMA, there are MSAs, particularly in the Royal Wootton Bassett Community Area.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Due to the limited amount of PDL and the risk of loss Despite this strategy proposing a very low level of growth Due to the limited amount of PDL and the risk of loss of of BMV agricultural land, a minor adverse effect is proportional to Marlborough, due to the limited amount of BMV agricultural land, a minor adverse effect is anticipated anticipated due to the likely loss of greenfield land. PDL and the risk of loss of BMV agricultural land, a minor due to the likely loss of greenfield land. adverse effect is anticipated due to the likely loss of greenfield land.

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Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Royal The lack of PDL in Royal Wootton Bassett means The lack of PDL in Royal Wootton Bassett, combined with the The lack of PDL in Royal Wootton Bassett means that a Wootton that a minor adverse effect is likely due to the loss of medium level of proportional housing growth proposed in this minor adverse effect is likely due to the loss of greenfield Bassett greenfield land. strategy suggests that a minor adverse effect is likely. land. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of Due to the broad area at the West of Swindon, the Development in this area is expected to lead to the loss of Development in this area is expected to lead to the loss of Swindon potential for any moderate adverse effects is greenfield land. A minor adverse effect is considered likely. greenfield land. A minor adverse effect is considered likely. dependent on where growth is located. However, due to the likely loss of greenfield land, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Due to the presence of MSAs and BMV land in the Due to the presence of MSAs and BMV land in the Rest of Due to the presence of MSAs and BMV land in the Rest of Rest of the HMA, the potential for any major negative the HMA, the potential for any major negative effects is the HMA, the potential for any major negative effects is effects is dependent on where growth is located. dependent on where growth is located. Furthermore, as the dependent on where growth is located. Furthermore, as the Furthermore, as the majority of the Rest of the HMA majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 is classified as Grade 3 land, further assessment further assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas land, further assessment would be needed to distinguish would be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a of Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV the areas of Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. land. Regardless, due to the likely loss of greenfield land, extent of BMV land. Regardless, due to the likely loss of Regardless, due to the likely loss of greenfield land, minor adverse effects are likely. greenfield land, minor adverse effects are likely. minor adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 At this stage no sites have been allocated which -1 At this stage no sites have been allocated which makes it -1 At this stage no sites have been allocated which makes score for makes it difficult to advise how a particular difficult to advise how a particular development strategy will it difficult to advise how a particular development strategy this SA development strategy will affect this objective. While affect this objective. While there may be developable areas in will affect this objective. While there may be developable there may be developable areas in each settlement each settlement which are able to avoid BMV land, overall, areas in each settlement which are able to avoid BMV objective which are able to avoid BMV land, overall, there is there is likely to be a minor adverse effect on SA objective 2 land, overall, there is likely to be a minor adverse effect likely to be a minor adverse effect on SA objective 2 due to the likely loss of greenfield land. on SA objective 2 due to the likely loss of greenfield land. due to the likely loss of greenfield land. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land and will potentially lead to the loss of BMV. However, without knowing the exact location of growth and the extent of what BMV land is required, it is anticipated that negative impacts will occur in all strategies.

• Uncertainties also exist regarding the potential for adverse impacts on mineral resources and the potential for contaminating remediating land.

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• Further assessment will also need to be carried out to understand the potential impacts of development on Mineral Safeguarding Areas (MSAs) when allocating precise locations for growth.

• Further assessment is also likely to be needed to distinguish between Grade 3a and Grade 3b land to determine the extent of BMV agricultural land.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner.

The West of Swindon is entirely covered by a Drinking Water Safeguarding Zone (Surface Water), while a Source Protection Zone 2c (Subsurface Activity) encroaches from the west.

While there are rural areas in the HMA which are within Source Protection Zones or Drinking Water Protection Areas, there are also plenty of areas in the countryside where development could occur without posing a risk to water resources.

Wessex Water have currently no plans to invest in the water network in Marlborough.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough While Marlborough is not subject to any water While Marlborough is not subject to any water protection This strategy proposes a higher level of growth than the roll protection zones, there are no current plans to invest in zones, there are no current plans to invest in the water forward and so an increased effect is likely. While the water network. It is anticipated that the capacity of network. It is anticipated that the capacity of the existing Marlborough is not subject to any water protection zones, the existing network at Marlborough would be able to network at Marlborough would be able to take the there are no current plans to invest in the water network. It

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take the additional growth without adverse effects additional growth without negative effects occurring. is anticipated that the capacity of the existing network at occurring, as well as a high probability of overcoming Therefore, a minor adverse effect is likely. This strategy Marlborough would be able to take the additional growth any effects trough mitigation. Therefore, a minor proposes a lower level of growth and so a lesser effect is without significant adverse effects occurring. Therefore, a adverse effect is likely. considered likely than SW-A. minor adverse effect is likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Royal Wootton Bassett is subject to water quality As the settlement is subject to water quality protection Royal Wootton Bassett is subject to water quality Wootton protection zones and there is a potential need for zones and there is an identified need for investment in the protection zones and there is an identified need for Bassett investment in the water network. Due to uncertainties water network, a minor adverse effect is likely due to investment in the water network. Due to uncertainties regarding the delivery of improvements in the water uncertainties regarding the delivery of improvements in the regarding the delivery of improvements in the water network and the potential impact on water resources, a water network and the potential impact on water resources. network and the potential impact on water resources, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. Furthermore, as this strategy proposes the highest level of minor adverse effect is considered likely. comparative growth at Royal Wootton Bassett, the risk of adverse effects occurring is higher compared to SW-A. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of Due to the broad area at the West of Swindon and the It is expected that through this level of growth there will be It is expected that through this level of growth there will be Swindon uncertainties that are apparent at this stage regarding opportunities apparent to overcome effects resulting from opportunities apparent to overcome effects resulting from the precise location of growth and water network new development on the existing water network. A neutral new development on the existing water network. A neutral capacity, it is likely that there would be a minor adverse effect is therefore likely. effect is therefore likely. effect. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system system and water protection zones in the Rest of the and water protection zones in the Rest of the HMA, a minor and water protection zones in the Rest of the HMA, a minor HMA, a minor adverse effect is considered likely. adverse effect is considered likely. adverse effect is considered likely. This strategy is higher than the roll forward and so an increased effect is likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 Due to uncertainties regarding the location of -0.75 Due to uncertainties regarding the location of -0.75 Due to uncertainties regarding the location of score for development, it is uncertain what kind of effect will be development, it is uncertain what kind of effect will be development, it is uncertain what kind of effect will be this SA apparent on the local water network for the settlements apparent on the local water network for the settlements in apparent on the local water network for the settlements in in the Swindon HMA. Overall it is likely that there could the Swindon HMA. As this strategy concentrates the the Swindon HMA. Overall it is likely that there could be a objective be a minor adverse effect on Objective 3 as a result of highest number of homes at Royal Wootton Bassett it is minor adverse effect on Objective 3 as a result of this this strategy. more likely to have an adverse impact than the other strategy. strategies. Overall is it likely that this strategy could have a minor adverse impact on Objective 3. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Although the three strategies score very similarly, strategies SW-B and SW-C are more sustainable as there are less adverse effects likely overall.

• Strategy SW-A is the least sustainable strategy as it is likely to have greater adverse effects than SW-B and SW-C.

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• There are areas in the HMA which lie within Source Protection Zones and Drinking Water Safeguard Areas which would need to be considered if development was allocated in that area. Furthermore, additional development beyond what is already planned for may require further investment in infrastructure, although until sites have been allocated it is difficult to know whether capacity issues will be apparent and whether further works will be required.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

West of Swindon is not subject to any AQMAs, but future increases in traffic levels is expected to have a degree of effect on air quality.

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Within the Rest of HMA, the dispersed nature of facilities and a lack of public transport provision, suggests that development in these areas may lead to an increase number of private car journeys magnifying the likelihood of adverse effects from pollutants from vehicles, effecting this objective.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough As there is a long standing AQMA, it is likely that there The settlement is facing the likelihood of adverse This strategy proposes an increase on that proposed by would be a minor adverse effect. effects to air quality and it is likely that there would be a the roll forward. It is likely that there would be a moderate minor adverse effect. adverse effect. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal As there are no existing AQMAs, but risk of one being The probability of overcoming effects through mitigation It is likely that there would be a minor adverse effect. This Wootton declared, it is likely that there would be a minor adverse remains uncertain, however. It is likely that there would level of growth is slightly lower than the roll forward and is Bassett effect. be a minor adverse effect. considered likely to lead to a similar effect.

Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of Due to the broad area that West of Swindon relates to, There are currently no AQMAs in the area, but the rural There are currently no AQMAs in the area, but the rural Swindon there are uncertainties at this stage relating to the nature of the area suggests that there would be an nature of the area suggests that there would be an impact distribution of growth. There are currently no AQMAs in impact on air quality through increased traffic. It is likely on air quality through increased traffic. It is likely that there the area, but the rural nature of the area suggests that that there would be a minor adverse effect as a result of would be a minor adverse effect as a result of this strategy. there would be an impact on air quality through increased this strategy. traffic. It is likely that there would be a minor adverse effect as a result of this strategy. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA There are uncertainties relating to the location of There are uncertainties relating to the location of There are uncertainties relating to the location of development at this stage, however the rest of the HMA development at this stage, however the rest of the HMA development at this stage, however the rest of the HMA is is dispersed in its nature and this is a risk for this is dispersed in its nature and this is a risk for this dispersed in its nature and this is a risk for this objective. It objective. It is likely that there would be a minor adverse objective. It is likely that there would be a minor adverse is likely that there would be a minor adverse effect. effect. Strategies SW-A and SW-B propose lower levels effect. This level of growth is the equivalent of SW-A of growth in the Rest of HMA than Strategy SW-C and is and the anticipated effects are likely to be the same as therefore, less likely to have an effect. the result. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 Overall, it is likely that there could be a minor adverse -1 Overall, it is likely that this strategy is likely to have a -1.25 Overall, it is likely that there would be an overall score for this effect on Objective 4. As this strategy looks to distribute minor adverse effect on Objective 4. As the focus of minor adverse effect on Objective 4. This strategy looks to SA objective development throughout the HMA. Royal Wootton development is at Royal Wootton Bassett where there focus development in rural areas where there is a Bassett would be subject to the largest amount of growth are many extant adverse effects to air quality and the significant amount of uncertainty relating to effects of new as a result of this strategy, but this is still relatively low very small number of homes is proposed at development and the opportunity to manage and mitigate levels of growth in proportionate to the settlement. Royal Marlborough, alongside new employment land. these. Despite this, the strategy looks to propose housing

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Wootton Bassett is facing adverse effects on this and employment in settlements where AQMAs are objective and further development could amplify those. apparent or are expected to be declared.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategies SW-A and SW-B are more sustainable as there are less adverse effects likely.

• Strategy SW-C is the least sustainable strategy as they are likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to the likelihood of increased air quality impacts in Marlborough where there is an existing AQMA.

• With regards to noise and light pollution, these are generally the result of urban development. Specific locational policies can ensure that development is directed to the most appropriate locations where air quality, noise and light pollution will be avoided or kept to a minimum. • Electric vehicle use can be encouraged by including charging points in new developments for both private charging at home and charging stations.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages.

DAQ 3: Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere? Fluvial flood-risk, along with surface and groundwater flooding form part of the settlement-level analysis below. The cumulative impact of development was also considered in order to identify those catchments where an increase in flows as a result of development would have the greatest impact on downstream flood risk. This analysis is based on a strategic assessment of flood risk. Local knowledge will be applied when specific development locations are identified. In terms of flood-risk potential at settlements the following can be stated:

Royal Wootton Bassett is at low risk of river and surface water flooding and at moderate risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

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Marlborough is at high risk of river flooding, at moderate risk of surface water flooding and at low risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough At Marlborough, development under this objective may At Marlborough, development under this objective may be At Marlborough, development under this objective may be be challenging owing principally to fluvial risks challenging owing principally to fluvial risks associated with challenging owing principally to fluvial risks associated with associated with the River Kennet. The moderate the River Kennet. Despite the moderately high quantum the River Kennet. The moderately high quantum proposed quantum proposed for the town under this strategy proposed for the town under this strategy, the level for the town under this strategy – greater than for Core suggests minor adverse effects. proposed is lower than SW-A. A minor adverse effect is Strategy Continued - suggests minor adverse effects. likely as the result. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Royal Wootton Bassett is mostly at risk from Royal Wootton Bassett is mostly at risk from groundwater Royal Wootton Bassett is mostly at risk from groundwater Wootton groundwater flooding. With the moderate proposed flooding. With the highest growth quantum being proposed flooding. With the moderate growth quantum proposed, Bassett growth quantum under Core Strategy Continued, minor under this strategy – double that of Core Strategy more or less commensurate vis-à-vis Core Strategy adverse effects are estimated. Continued – minor adverse effects are estimated. Continued, minor adverse effects are estimated. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of The area’s prospects for accommodating flood-resilient This strategy proposes a lower level of growth suggesting This strategy proposes a lower level of growth suggesting Swindon development are characterised as being reasonable that opportunities to direct development away from areas at that opportunities to direct development away from areas under this SA objective. It exhibits zones of both high risk will be more apparent. As similar flood risks remain at risk will be more apparent. As similar flood risks remain and low risk, with main issues pertaining to either apparent a minor adverse effect is likely. apparent a minor adverse effect is likely. surface or ground water sources. Given the risks moderate adverse effects are estimated here. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA At this strategic stage whilst it is impossible to At this strategic stage whilst it is impossible to understand At this strategic stage whilst it is impossible to understand understand which lower-order settlements would be which lower-order settlements would be most affected by which lower-order settlements would be most affected by most affected by development, and what the flood-risks development, and what the flood-risks would therefore be, development, and what the flood-risks would therefore be, would therefore be, minor adverse effects are signalled minor adverse effects are signalled for the quantum of moderate adverse effects are signalled for the quantum of for the quantum of development proposed. development proposed. development proposed. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.25 Overall for the HMA this strategy indicates minor -1 Overall for the HMA this strategy indicates minor -1 Overall for the HMA this strategy indicates minor score for adverse effects, at Marlborough. adverse effects, at Royal Wootton Bassett, this is because adverse effects, at Marlborough. this SA the growth quantum proposed is considerably higher than under the other two development strategies. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategies SW-B and SW-C are the more sustainable options as there are less adverse effects likely.

• Strategy SW-A is the least sustainable strategy as it is likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to the likelihood of increased flood risk at West of Swindon.

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• West of Swindon and Marlborough present more flood risk constraints, given areas of flood zones associated with the rivers Ray and Kennet respectively.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Conserve and enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? Whilst this level of analysis makes reference to designated and non-designated heritage assets, these will be appraised in more detail at site-specific stage. At this stage, in/around the settlements the following can be stated.

Royal Wootton Bassett: The chief challenge is the town’s setting: urban extension in lower-lying areas would obscure open views of the town’s escarpment edges. Designated assets / settings include the conservation area and setting, with numerous listed buildings; road bridges across the railway; and isolated designated farmsteads surrounding the town.

Marlborough: Designated assets / settings include the Castle mound scheduled monument and registered park and garden at Marlborough College; the town conservation area; Tottenham House registered park & garden (south-east) and associated Savernake Forest. The scheduled Roman settlement of Cunetio (east) and scheduled Forest Hill Camp (south-east) are also of note.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Under Core Strategy Continued, a fairly high quantum Under this development strategy, the amount of growth Under this development strategy, the amount of is directed towards Marlborough, where such levels directed in/around Marlborough is the lowest, lower than for development directed towards Marlborough is the highest – would be moderately challenging to accommodate. In Core Strategy Continued. In addition to heritage highlighted and higher than for Core Strategy Continued. Such levels addition to heritage highlighted above assets and their above, assets and their settings include Marlborough under this objective would be moderately challenging to settings include Marlborough College buildings and College buildings as well as strips of woodland that mark accommodate. In addition to heritage mentioned above, wooded strips that denote the old railway line. It is the course of the old railway line. Whilst it is considered assets and their settings include Marlborough College considered that moderate adverse effects are likely. that growth levels for this strategy may be more sustainable buildings as well as strips of woodland that delineate the in heritage terms, it is likely that there will be minor adverse old railway line. It is considered that moderate adverse effects. effects accrue to Marlborough at this stage under SW-C. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse

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Royal Quanta proposed in/around Royal Wootton Bassett Under this development strategy the quantum proposed Under this strategy development quanta proposed Wootton are moderately high; such levels may nevertheless be in/around Royal Wootton Bassett is the highest of all of the in/around Royal Wootton Bassett are similar to Core Bassett sustained. In addition to heritage already highlighted strategies. It includes a moderate quantum for business Strategy Continued. In addition to the town’s setting there assets and their settings include isolated non- growth. In addition to the town’s setting there are medieval are medieval fields to the south-east of the settlement, and designated farmsteads. It is considered that minor fields to the south-east of the settlement, and small blocks small blocks of ancient woodland surrounding the town are adverse effects would accrue to Royal Wootton of ancient woodland surrounding the town are legible legible historical markers in the landscape. Additional Bassett. historical markers in the landscape. This level of growth is assets and their settings include isolated non-designated likely to lead to a minor adverse effect. farmsteads. Minor adverse effects are likely at the settlement. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of This strategy – Core Strategy Continued - is the only As growth in this area is considered challenging, a minor As growth in this area is considered challenging, a minor Swindon one that directs development to West of Swindon. It is adverse effect is likely. adverse effect is likely. considered that growth here would be moderately challenging. A key asset is the grade II registered and listed Lydiard Park that lies to the south of the Common Platt area. Its setting - which includes the post-medieval fields that survive to its north, south and west - has already been affected by development to the east. The primary need here is to avoid compromising the separate character of Lydiard Millicent and Purton, including the Church and Purton House (the latter being listed). To the east of Purton House, Milk House is a listed building. The need to respect and preserve this and the settings of Purton and Lydiard Millicent Conservation Areas may be a constraint to development. The non-designated Purton corn mill (now Fox Mill) also needs noting, and particularly this area in general has high archaeological potential. Given the above it is considered that likely moderate adverse effects are expected at West of Swindon, which is a more specific location and can be accurately assessed. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA In Rest of HMA the strategy could generate minor Some growth is also directed towards Rest of HMA – Under this development strategy growth in Rest of HMA is adverse effects against heritage assets. These similar levels to those for Core Strategy Continued. Whilst higher than under any other – greater than for Core however are likely to be localised, and easier to growth locations in Rest of HMA are unknown, the nature Strategy Continued. Whilst growth locations are not assess once site-specific proposals emerge. of heritage assets means that they would be present in specified the localised nature of heritage assets means that multiple localities across rural areas, and due care would they are present in multiple localities across rural areas, need to be exercised in avoiding harm. Minor adverse and care would need to be exercised in order to avoid effects are therefore signalled. harm. Moderate adverse effects are therefore indicated at this stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse

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Average -1.5 Moderate adverse effects are indicated overall -1 Minor adverse effects are indicated overall for this -1.5 Overall moderate adverse effects are suggested for score for this in this HMA for Marlborough under the heritage strategy. Marlborough and Rest of HMA under this strategy. SA objective objective.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

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Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise impact on and where appropriate enhance nationally designated landscapes and their settings and locally valued landscapes? Whilst this strategic-level analysis appraises designated as well as locally–valued landscape assets, local ones will become even more prominent during detailed / site-specific SA.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Under Core Strategy Continued development directed at The proposed strategy directs a relatively low amount of This strategy directs the highest amount of development to Marlborough is fairly high. As a prospective development development to Marlborough; considerably lower Marlborough, marginally more than for Core Strategy location the town is considered moderately challenging, compared to Core Strategy Continued. As a prospective Continued. As a prospective development location the and any strategy would need to avoid sensitive skylines development location the town is considered town is considered moderately challenging under this and locations visible from the wider AONB, particularly the moderately challenging. There are more opportunities to objective. It is considered that moderate adverse effects open Marlborough Downs land to the north. It is estimated avoid effects through this strategy when compared to accrue at this stage. that moderate adverse effects accrue to Marlborough at SW-A. It is considered that minor adverse effects this stage under SW-A. accrue to Marlborough at this stage. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal Under this development strategy Royal Wootton Bassett Royal Wootton Bassett, under this strategy would take The quantum at Royal Wootton Bassett, which is similar to Wootton takes moderate development. This strategy would create most growth. This would include a moderate quantum levels for Core Strategy Continued, should be feasible Bassett new urban extensions in lower-lying areas obscuring open for business development. The town extends along an under this development strategy. The town extends along views of the town’s characteristic western slopes. It is elevated scarp slope and is visible from lower an elevated scarp slope, visible from lower surrounding considered that minor adverse effects are likely to accrue surrounding countryside. Such a strategy could alter the countryside. Such a strategy could alter the traditional here. traditional setting of the town, with new urban setting of the town, with new urban extensions in lower- extensions in lower-lying clay vale areas obscuring lying clay vale areas obscuring open views of the town’s open views of the town’s characteristic western green characteristic western green escarpment slopes. A minor escarpment slopes. Growth needs to be carefully adverse effect is considered likely. planned since too much development to the east could result in coalescence with Swindon and loss of the town’s separate identity; development south of the railway would meanwhile urbanise the lower rolling farmland character which provides a rural setting to the AONB, and the area associated with Brynard’s Hill and canal. A minor adverse effect is likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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West of Only under this development strategy – Core Strategy As there is a risk of loss of the rural separation between As there is a risk of loss of the rural separation between Swindon Continued - does West of Swindon take a quantum of West of Swindon and the edge of Swindon, a minor West of Swindon and the edge of Swindon, a minor development. Rural separation between the current adverse effect is likely. adverse effect is likely. western edge of Swindon and the smaller settlements of Lydiard Millicent and Purton needs to be maintained. If development occurred anywhere other than in least sensitive areas the separate character and identity of settlements would be considered at critical risk. Lydiard House (Grade I) & associated Park (Grade II) are located on a ridge, with a very narrow remaining spur of separating open countryside between the Park and creeping urbanisation. A minor adverse effect is anticipated. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Across Rest of HMA meanwhile, whilst the quantum is Proposed development quanta across Rest of HMA – It is Rest of HMA under this development strategy that fairly low growth locations are as yet unclear and localised the same as Core Strategy Continued - ought would be faced with, comparatively, greatest growth impact for example on AONB could occur. Therefore, meanwhile to prove possible to accommodate. quanta, slightly more than for Core Strategy Continued. At minor adverse effects are indicated. However, since growth locations are not identified, and this, strategic level the main issue would be for such the southern section of the HMA consists of AONB, scattered development to consider the fact that the minor adverse effects exist at this strategic level of southern section of the HMA consists of AONB, where any assessment. development would need to be planned very carefully. Locally-valued landscapes would also need to be considered at the point of site-specific plan-making. For these reasons minor adverse effects exist at this stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.25 Overall the strategy for this HMA indicates that -1 Overall the strategy suggests minor adverse effects. -1.25 Overall the strategy indicates that minor adverse score for minor adverse effects are likely at Marlborough under this effects are likely to accrue to Marlborough and Rest of this SA objective. HMA. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategy SW-B is considered to be the more sustainable option as there are less adverse effects likely. This option increases the amount of growth at Royal Wootton Bassett which is better able to accommodate this growth without causing significant landscape impacts and reduces growth, in particular at Marlborough, which is fully within the North Wessex Downs AONB.

• Strategies SW-A and SW-C score the same and are considered the least sustainable strategies as they are likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to higher proposed levels of growth at Marlborough.

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• Further mitigation opportunities can be linked to green infrastructure enhancement and restoration of the Wilts & Berks Canal corridor; both opportunities would lead to positive effects.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Provide an adequate supply of affordable housing? Delivery of homes in Marlborough has been broadly at planned rates. The ratio of house price to earnings has risen to 15.97 substantially higher than the average for Wiltshire. Only 10.4% of housing delivered at Marlborough during the period 1/4/09 – 31/3/18 was affordable. Housing delivery has been above planned rates at Melksham, 34% of which has been affordable housing, above the minimum requirement for the area. The ratio of house price to earnings for the town is 8.3 which is below the Wiltshire average but higher than in 2008 following the trend seen nationally.

At the West of Swindon, homes have been delivered at planned rates. The house price to earnings ratio for Swindon has risen marginally to 7.58 which is below the average for Wiltshire.

For the rest of the housing market area (the rural area) homes have been delivered at or above expected levels. Affordability ratios are, however, higher in rural areas, which reflects the limited supply of homes at large and small villages in recent years, relative to higher tier settlements.

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The updated housing requirement means that growth for the HMA will be lower (by approximately 600 homes) than the number of homes allocated for 2006 – 2026 under the WCS. Approximately 44% of this proposed housing requirement for the Wiltshire part of the Swindon HMA is already committed. However, the provision of a significant number of new homes could potentially make a contribution to the provision of affordable homes in the HMA.

SA Conclusions relate to the ability of the strategy to deliver affordable homes where they are needed.

DAQ 2: Support the provision of a range of house types and sizes to meet the needs of all sectors of the community? Developments providing a mix of house types and sizes can be delivered on small or large sites. For this high-level stage of appraisal it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Under Strategy A, existing commitments would deliver Under Strategy B, existing commitments would deliver Under Strategy C, the housing requirement is higher, but the majority of the housing requirement for Marlborough, all of the housing requirement for Marlborough, leaving existing commitments would still deliver the majority of the leaving a residual requirement of 80 dwellings. It is no residual requirement. It is considered that the low housing requirement for the town, leaving a residual considered that the low scale of growth under this scale of growth under this strategy would be unlikely to requirement of 180 dwellings. It is considered that the low strategy would be unlikely to affect current trends to any affect current trends to any notable degree and scale of growth under this strategy would be unlikely to notable degree and affordability would continue to be a affordability would continue to be a significant issue for affect current trends to any notable degree and affordability significant issue for the town. Therefore, it is predicted the town. Therefore, it is predicted that Strategy SW-B would continue to be a significant issue for the town. that this strategy would have minor adverse effects on would have minor adverse effects on affordability for Therefore, it is predicted that Strategy C would have minor affordability for Marlborough. Marlborough. adverse effects on affordability for Marlborough, although this would be more positive compared to strategies SW-A and SW-B. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Rolling forward the pro-rata requirement for the town Under Strategy B, Royal Wootton Bassett would be Under Strategy C, Royal Wootton Bassett would be Wootton means that Royal Wootton Bassett would be expected to expected to deliver 1,255 dwellings from 2016-2036 (an expected to deliver 835 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking Bassett deliver 900 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into increase of just under 200 dwellings compared to the into account existing commitments this leaves a residual account existing commitments this leaves a residual current WCS). Taking into account existing requirement of 490 dwellings, comparable to Strategy A. It requirement of 545 dwellings. It is considered that the commitments this leaves a residual requirement of 865 is considered that the scale of growth under this strategy relatively modest scale of growth under this strategy dwellings. It is considered that the higher level of growth would be likely to have minor positive effects on the supply would be likely to have minor positive effects on the under this strategy would be likely to have moderate of affordable homes for the town. supply of affordable homes for the town. positive effects on the supply of affordable homes for the town. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive

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West of Rolling forward the housing requirement for the HMA Strategy B would mean a reduction in housing provision Strategy C would mean a reduction in housing provision of Swindon against current strategy would mean a reduction in of just over 400 dwellings for the West of Swindon, just over 400 dwellings at the West of Swindon, compared housing provision of approximately 150 dwellings for the compared to the previous plan period, the same as to the previous plan period, the same as Strategy B but West of Swindon, compared to the previous plan period. Strategy C but lower than Strategy A. Taking into lower than Strategy A. Taking into account commitments Taking into account commitments there would be a account commitments there would be no residual there would be no residual requirement. There is, therefore residual requirement of 245 dwellings. Given the relative requirement. Given the relative size of Swindon, it is a risk given the relative size of Swindon, and it is size of Swindon, it is considered that the scale of growth considered that the scale of growth under this strategy considered that the scale of growth under this strategy under this strategy would be likely to have minor positive would be likely to have a neutral effect on the supply of would be likely to have a neutral effect on the supply of effects on the supply of affordable homes for Swindon but affordable homes for Swindon. affordable homes for Swindon. could result in the delivery of fewer homes at the other settlements in Wiltshire. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA A continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth at Under Strategy B, the housing requirements for 2016 – Under Strategy C a greater proportion of the housing small and large villages is likely to exacerbate 2036, to be met at small and large villages, would be requirements for 2016 – 2036 would be directed to the rest affordability issues in these parts of the Rest of the HMA. comparable to the current WCS requirement. Taking of the HMA but not significantly more than A and B. Taking Taking into account commitments there would be a into account commitments there would be a residual into account commitments there would be a residual residual requirement of 45 dwellings. requirement of 45 dwellings. requirement of 245 dwellings. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to be small. These factors on balance are likely to result in a likely to be small. These factors on balance are likely to be small. These factors on balance are likely to result in minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes in result in minor positive effects on the supply of minor positive effects on the supply of affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. the rest of the HMA. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 0.5 Overall, considering the distribution of housing across 0.5 Overall, considering the distribution of housing 0.25 Overall, considering the distribution of housing across score for this all settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a across all settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to all settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a minor SA objective minor positive effect on this objective. have a minor positive effect on this objective. positive effect on this objective, but the benefits will be less than for A and B. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategy SW-C also is likely to have minor positive effects but the benefits are likely to be less than SW-A and SW-B and this is the least sustainable strategy.

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• SW-B, however, allocates the highest amount of housing to Royal Wootton Bassett, which is considered better located to meet affordable housing needs.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Maximise opportunities within the most deprived areas? There are no areas within the Swindon HMA that have been identified as being subject to deprivation.

Older people within Royal Wootton Bassett are more vulnerable and at risk of social isolation than across Wiltshire as a whole.

DAQ 2: Be accessible to educational, health, amenity greenspace, community and town centre facilities which are able to cope with the additional demand? At Royal Wootton Bassett there is an existing gap in GP provision (-409m2). This is expected to increase to -533m2 by 2026. There is an opportunity to refurbish New Court Surgery. There is a planned expansion to Royal Wootton Bassett Academy, which will enable to the school to meet identified needs. Complexities are considered in expanding this school further, due to PFI and as this would create a very large school and larger scales of growth are considered to be able to support new secondary school provision. New primary provision is expected to be required, as St Bartholomew’s is currently undergoing expansion and there are only a small number of surplus places across the town.

At Marlborough there is a community hospital situated in the settlement. Marlborough Medical Practice is experiencing a provision gap of -379m2 and Ramsbury and Wanborough Surgery faces a gap of -318m2. These gaps are expected to stagnate in the period up to 2026. There is scope to expand the existing secondary school, but expansion is currently considered to be required with St John’s in Malborough currently operating over-capacity. A large scale of growth is considered to be capable of enabling a new school. Primary schools within the settlement have no scope for further expansion and new provision would have to be secure to meet demand from new housing. Issues are apparent in securing land for new school provision, however.

West of Swindon has one secondary school, which is positioned in Purton. This school currently has some capacity with demand for places reducing following the opening of a new school in Swindon, but is expected to be full by 2020. Additional land would need to be acquired to enable any future expansion. While there is some existing surplus of primary school places, none of the schools in the area are capable of expansion. Modest levels of housing growth could be accommodated as a result.

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Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough The level of growth proposed at Marlborough through Strategy SW-B is more likely to lead to an effect at This strategy proposes an increased level of growth when this strategy would be unlikely to sufficiently help Marlborough, as it proposes the smallest level of growth at compared to SW-A. Probabilities of overcoming effects overcome the constraints identified, but opportunities the settlement. Despite constraints at Marlborough with through mitigation are increased through higher levels of to mitigate effects may be apparent. Due to identified relation to healthy communities, a lower level of growth is growth. This is a moderate level in relative terms and high constraints and the level of growth, this strategy is unlikely to lead to adverse effects on these services at the level in comparative terms. It is likely that there could be a likely to have a minor positive effect on objective 9. settlement. However, the need for and potential for minor positive effect as a result of this strategy on objective mitigation opportunities to help overcome effects remain 9. unclear at this stage. Therefore, this strategy is likely to have a minor positive effect on objective 9. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Royal There are opportunities for this strategy to direct There are more opportunities through this strategy to help There are opportunities for this strategy to direct Wootton development in areas where older people are at risk overcome the risk of isolation among older people, development in areas where older people are at risk of Bassett of isolation, but due to existing issues relating to GP additionally there is an increased probability of investing in isolation, but due to existing issues relating to GP capacity capacity and schooling provision, this strategy is likely health and education through this level of growth for Royal and schooling provision, this strategy is likely to have a to have a minor positive effect on objective 9. Wootton Bassett. This strategy is likely to have a minor minor positive effect on objective 9. Similar effects are positive effect. This strategy proposes a higher level of considered likely when compared to SW-A. growth when compared to the roll forward and is therefore considered to have the biggest degree of effect on objective 9. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive West of When taking account of uncertainties at this stage, as A low level of growth is proposed through this strategy. A low level of growth is proposed through this strategy. Swindon well as school capacity issues. This level of growth is There are school capacity issues in the area and a low There are school capacity issues in the area and a low unlikely to be able to support new schooling provision. level of growth is expected to have a minor positive effect level of growth is expected to have a minor positive effect Strategy SW-A is likely to have a minor positive effect at this location. at this location. on objective 9. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of HMA It is likely that there could be a minor positive effect as It is likely that there could be a minor positive effect as a Due to the level of growth proposed and a lack of certainty a result of this strategy. result of this strategy on objective 9. at this stage, it is likely to have a minor positive effect on objective 9. As this strategy proposes a higher scale of

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growth for the Rest of the HMA a bigger effect is considered likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1 Overall, it is likely that there could be a neutral 1 Overall, it is likely that there could be a neutral effect on 1 Overall, it is likely that there would be a neutral effect on score for this effect on Objective 9. This is despite opportunities for Objective 9. This is due to are opportunities to overcome Objective 9. This is as the extent of effects and SA objective positive effects through investment into identified some of the pressures on schooling and healthcare across opportunities for mitigation remain unclear. areas at risk of deprivation, education services and the HMA although these remain unclear at this stage. health services and considering the potential impact on existing services where the level of growth for each settlement is unlikely to support these. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, it has been difficult to differentiate between the different strategies and there is no one strategy considered to be more or less sustainable against this objective. Strategies that distribute higher levels of growth to different areas e.g. SW-A to West of Swindon, SW-B to Royal Wootton Bassett and SW-C to Marlborough and Rest of the HMA are likely to have greater benefits. However, these levels of higher growth are distributed between all of the strategies which is why they score so similarly, and growth is not of a scale where significant changes are likely to occur in the area.

• New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote mixed use developments, in accessible locations, that reduce the need to travel and reliance on the private car?

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None of the main settlements within this HMA possess a rail link with public transport services being provided by the bus travel options present to act as alternatives to private car travel. When looking at the rest of the HMA, along with development to the west of Swindon, many of these locations are positioned in less accessible locations than the market towns and principle settlements and may increase the reliance on the private car, often being positioned further away from many amenities or public transport services.

DAQ 2: Provide suitable access and not significantly exacerbate issues of local transport capacity (unless there is evidence that such impacts can be mitigated)? The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain key strategic constraints at each location. At this stage of appraisal it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise suitability of access along with the impacts on local transport capacity. More detailed assessment may be possible at the site assessment stage where impacts along with mitigation/improvement measures may become clearer.

Within the rest of HMA and locations west of Swindon, links to the highway network vary as do the levels of existing transport capacity. That being said, the majority of settlements in the rest of HMA will likely be less accessible to services and increase the likelihood of increasing usage of transport corridors with lower levels of capacity.

DAQ 3: Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure? The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain elements of the existing transport infrastructure in each broad location that could be utilised sustainably if growth were to take place. At this stage of appraisal it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise potential efficient use or impacts upon the existing transport infrastructure. More detailed assessment may be possible at the site assessment stage where the potential for utilisation or improvements to the existing transport infrastructure may become clearer.

In highway terms, Marlborough is well connected, acting as a central point at the intersection of the A4 and A346, with A345 also offering links to the south. Bus services utilise these links offering services to locations such as Swindon, Salisbury and Pewsey, which offer the locations for rail provision in the absence of a station within Marlborough, Great Bedwyn offers another option for rail travel, 6 miles away.

Royal Wootton Bassett is located in close proximity to Junction 16 of M4, also offering A routes to settlements such as Swindon and. These A routes are utilised by bus services offering links to locations such as Calne, Chippenham, Malmesbury and Swindon. The nearest station being within Swindon.

The often rural nature of the rest of the HMA and areas to the west of Swindon leads to a large variance in the nature and availability of transport infrastructure, both in public transport and highway terms. Existing sustainable transport infrastructure in the rest of the housing market area is often limited due to the remote location of certain areas with in-frequent public transport services and accessibility. Efficient use of existing transport systems in these locations is consequently more likely to be constrained by the lack of current infrastructure.

DAQ 4: Provide the opportunity to create additional sustainable transport infrastructure including safe active travel?

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The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of the existing sustainable transport provision and pedestrian environment in each broad location that provide opportunity for enhancement moving forward. At this stage of appraisal it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise opportunities to enhance safe active travel without knowing the spatial distribution of growth within each location. More detailed assessment should be possible at the site assessment stage where the opportunities to create additional sustainable transport infrastructure may become clearer.

When looking at the rest of the housing market area, along with locations to the west of Swindon, it is acknowledged there is relatively poor cycle network provision in the rural hinterland and while settlements are connected by Public Rights of Way, the quality and visibility of these routes vary. The bus services are often limited or in-frequent, particularly in more sparsely populated rural areas, though it is acknowledged that growth of towns and villages in these areas may offer the opportunity to make some public transport services more viable to these areas.

Settlement/ Strategy SW – A (Current Strategy) Strategy SW – B (Royal Wootton Bassett Focus) Strategy SW – C (Rest of HMA Focus) Area Marlborough Marlborough is identified for a relatively low level of Marlborough is identified for a low level of growth in this Marlborough is identified for a larger level of housing growth in this option, though a slightly larger level of option, though a slightly larger level of employment growth in this option compared to the roll forward. Given employment growth is proposed. Given the highway growth is proposed in line with the roll forward option. the highway infrastructure and current sustainable infrastructure and current sustainable transport provision Given the highway infrastructure and current sustainable transport provision present, and the figure remaining present, this is currently assessed as having a likely transport provision present, this is currently assessed as modest, this is currently assessed as having a likely minor minor adverse effect against this objective. having a likely minor adverse effect against this objective. adverse effect against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Strategy SW-A identifies a relatively larger level of Strategy SW-B focuses more growth at Royal Wootton Strategy SW-C identifies a similar level of housing growth Wootton growth, mainly housing with a small level of employment Bassett, the figure being slightly higher than the roll to the roll forward of the current strategy at Royal Wootton Bassett growth, in Royal Wootton Bassett compared to the other forward of the WCS option. Currently this is assessed as Bassett to SW-A. This figure is not signifying a significant settlements, although this figure is not signifying a having a minor adverse effect in this location given the focus for growth in this location. Currently this is assessed significant focus for growth in this location. Currently this level of growth remains moderate. The level to which as having a minor adverse effect. is assessed as having a minor adverse effect. mitigation measures can be established to accommodate this level of growth are currently unclear. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse West of This strategy proposes a larger level of growth in the There remains the risk that development will be directed There remains the risk that development will be directed in Swindon west of Swindon and may lead to development in areas in areas with reduced access to modes of sustainable areas with reduced access to modes of sustainable with reduced access to sustainable modes of transport. transport, while mitigation opportunities remain uncertain. transport, while mitigation opportunities remain uncertain. For development to mitigate this effect it would need to A minor adverse effect is likely. A minor adverse effect is likely. improve the availability of sustainable transport provision and accessibility. Given the extent to which this is possible remains unclear at this stage, this level of growth in these locations is assessed as having a minor adverse effect against this objective.

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Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA A continuation of the current levels of growth in the rest Development in rural areas is likely to have reduced Focusing a higher level of housing growth in rest of HMA of HMA, may place comparatively larger levels of growth access to sustainable modes of transport. For may place development in locations with reduced access in locations with reduced access to sustainable modes of development to mitigate this effect it would need to to sustainable modes of transport. For development to transport. For development to mitigate this effect it would improve the availability of sustainable transport provision mitigate this effect it would need to improve the availability need to improve the availability of sustainable transport and accessibility. The uncertainty over the geographical of sustainable transport provision and accessibility. This provision and accessibility. Given the extent to which this location of growth and the level to which sustainability level of growth in combination with the uncertainty over the is possible remains unclear at this stage, this level of may be achieved means this is likely to have minor geographical location of growth and the level to which growth in these locations is assessed as having a minor adverse effects against this objective. sustainability may be achieved is assessed as having a adverse effect against this objective. minor adverse effect against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse -1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse -1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse score for effects on this objective. effects on this objective. effects on this objective, although effects will be greater this SA due to likely significant effects at Marlborough under this strategy. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

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However further work establishing the level of development required in certain locations to facilitate investment and improvements in sustainable transport options may change this assessment and clarify the sustainability of the rest of HMA, hence the uncertainty being placed against the assessments at this stage.

• Significant new highway infrastructure may be necessary to enable higher levels of grow to take place in the identified settlements, depending on the exact scale and location of growth.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)? The relationship with the town centre, and its immediate and wider rural context is complex and will also rely on trade from staff and other retail and non-retail businesses. Additional growth will inevitably contribute, to some extent, to the vitality and viability of town centres. At this stage, in the absence of specific site options to consider, the proximity of future housing and employment development to the town centres cannot be determined and therefore will not be considered as part of this high-level assessment but will be assessed at later stages.

DAQ 4: Promote a balance between residential and employment development to help reduce travel distances to work?

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Wiltshire has large flows of commuters into and out of the county, with an overall net outflow of commuters. The majority of movement is to and from Swindon and Bath & North-East Somerset. 56% of people travel to work by car, 13% by foot and 5% by public transport. Self-containment in Wiltshire is 63%, compared to 74% in Swindon.

The extent that strategies can promote a balance between residential and employment development will, in part, depend on the existing provision in terms of housing stock and employment uses, the relationship between them, and the relationship/connectivity of a settlement with other parts the HMA/FEMA (which themselves are strongly influenced by travel to work areas) and adjacent areas. The provision of employment development in isolation could, for example, be more likely to lead to an increase in travel distances but not necessarily if it was located in an area of relatively higher rates of unemployment. The same might apply in areas where employment vacancies are high, or jobs are expected to increase. This will, however, depend on the extent that the skills base of the unemployed in the local area match that provided by any new employers.

Of the total need of 182ha of employment land identified in the FEMA, a substantial proportion can be met from existing operational employment sites and site allocations leaving 26ha to be met from additional allocations across the county. The residual requirement for employment land for the Swindon HMA is 6ha. Due to the extent of existing employment provision, none of the three strategies would be likely to result in major positive or negative effects, as the vast majority is already being met by current employment sites or existing commitments.

At Swindon the Borough supports a relatively productive economy with high levels of GVA per job, although productivity gains in the economy has slowed during recent periods. The diverse business base and strong representation of sectors in Swindon provides a diversity of employment opportunities for local workers, with a number of large international companies and headquarters across a number of sectors. The range of employment sites in Swindon generally comprise good quality, well-maintained stock with relatively low vacancy 3. Total employment has steadily increased in recent years and is now at pre-recession levels. Unemployment at Swindon is low.

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be positive in providing sites for local business work rather than live and work there. Provision of 3ha of expansion and inward investment, encouraging a employment land is therefore unlikely to redress any travel vibrant and diversified economy. to work imbalance but will still be positive in providing sites The housing proposed will also help to support local for local business expansion and inward investment, businesses, the town centre and provide an increased encouraging a vibrant and diversified economy. supply of local labour. The housing proposed will also help to support local Overall, minor positive effects are likely. businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. Similar to the other strategies, overall, minor positive effects are likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Royal Under this strategy 2ha of additional employment land Employment has stagnated at Royal Wootton Bassett No additional employment provision at Royal Wootton Wootton would be allocated at Royal Wotton Bassett and 900 and therefore additional employment provision of 6ha Bassett is predicted to have negative effects. Bassett dwellings. Employment has stagnated at the town and would be of substantial benefit, plus the higher number of However, 835 dwellings proposed under this strategy is therefore additional employment provision would be a homes proposed. likely to have positive effects overall, but not significantly, benefit. This much higher level of housing proposed will also help through supporting local businesses, the town centre and The level of housing proposed will also help to support to support local businesses, the town centre and provide providing an increased supply of local labour. local businesses, the town centre and provide an a significantly increased supply of local labour. increased supply of local labour. Consequently, this strategy is predicted to result in Consequently, this strategy is predicted to result in moderate positive effects on this objective. minor positive effects overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive West of Under this strategy there would be no additional Under this strategy there would be no additional Under this strategy there would be no additional Swindon employment land allocated to the West of Swindon. It is employment land allocated to the West of Swindon, the employment land allocated to the West of Swindon, the assumed that the wider employment allocation in the same as for strategies SW-A and SW-C. Because of the same as for strategies SW-A and SW-B. Because of the borough would continue to meet the employment needs close relationship of the location with Swindon it is close relationship of the location with Swindon it is of the town. assumed that the employment needs would continue be assumed that the employment needs would continue be The 755 dwellings proposed under this strategy is likely met within the borough. met within the borough. to have positive effects overall, but not significantly, The 485 dwellings proposed under this strategy is likely The 485 dwellings proposed under this strategy is likely to through supporting local businesses and providing an to have positive effects overall, but not significantly, have positive effects overall, but not significantly, through increased supply of local labour. through supporting local businesses and providing an supporting local businesses and providing an increased Minor positive effects likely. increased supply of local labour. supply of local labour. Minor positive effects likely. Minor positive effects likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of HMA Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy 3ha of employment land would be allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean a allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean a allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean an continuation of the existing approach to the provision of continuation of the existing approach to the provision of increase in the existing provision of employment land to employment land to meet local needs. employment land to meet local needs. balance the allocation of additional homes under this The 1030 dwellings proposed under this strategy is The 1030 dwellings proposed under this strategy, same strategy. likely to have positive effects overall, but not as SW-A, is likely to have positive effects overall, but not The 1255 dwellings proposed under this strategy is also significantly, through supporting local businesses, significantly, through supporting local businesses, village likely to have positive effects overall through supporting

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village services and facilities and providing an services and facilities and providing an increased supply local businesses, village services and facilities and increased supply of local labour. of local labour. providing an increased supply of local labour. Minor positive effects likely. Minor positive effects likely. Taken together in the rural part of the HMA, the combination of housing and employment is considered likely to have moderate positive effects overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Average 1 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1.25 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1.25 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive score for this effects on this objective. effects on this objective. effects on this objective. SA objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

Overall, Strategies SW-B and SW-C score equally and are the most sustainable strategies as they are likely to have the highest level of benefits across all areas.

Strategy SW-A is considered the least sustainable option as it is likely to have fewer benefits across all areas.

Strategy SW-A is likely to have benefits in every settlement/area but is unlikely to result in any significant benefits for a particular place. Whereas, the distributions proposed in SW-B and SW-C are likely to have significant benefits for Royal Wootton Bassett and the Rest of the HMA respectively.

Outstanding commitments in the Swindon HMA (within Wiltshire) are capable of meeting a significant proportion of the need for additional employment land to 2036. Consequently, the differences in the effects of the three strategic options for the distribution of the employment land requirement are limited by the relatively small scale of development under consideration. A key consideration has been the aspiration to reduce travel to work distances and achieving a balance between employment and housing growth. An imbalance of housing and employment e.g. at Marlborough through strategy SW-A, may have benefits overall for the local economy, but will mean employees are likely to travel to Marlborough to work rather than live and work there.

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Annex I - Swindon Housing Market Area (HMA) - Assessment of Emerging Preferred Strategy

Settlement/area Emerging Preferred Strategy Housing Employment (ha) Marlborough 680 0 Royal Wootton Bassett 1255 6 West of Swindon 435 0 Rest of HMA 1080 0 TOTAL 3450 6

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Marlborough Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-C. However, this emerging strategy would not deliver the 3Ha employment land. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant than LHNA SW-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal Wootton Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Bassett Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse West of Swindon Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.25 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Marlborough.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

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Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Marlborough Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-C. However, this emerging strategy would not deliver the 3Ha employment land. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant than LHNA SW-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Wootton Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Bassett Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse West of Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the Swindon assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.0 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. There are no areas considered likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Marlborough Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-C. However, this emerging strategy would not deliver the 3Ha employment land. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant than LHNA SW-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Wootton Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Bassett Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse West of Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the Swindon assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse

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Average score for this SA objective: -0.75 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. There are no areas considered likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Marlborough Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-C. However, this emerging strategy would not deliver the 3Ha employment land. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant than LHNA SW-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal Wootton Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Bassett Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse West of Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the Swindon assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.25 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Marlborough.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)).

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Royal Wootton Likely effects: minor adverse Bassett West of Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the Swindon assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.0 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. There are no areas considered likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Marlborough Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-C. However, this emerging strategy would not deliver the 3Ha employment land. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant than LHNA SW-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-C above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Royal Wootton Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Bassett Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse West of Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the Swindon assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.25 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Marlborough.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Marlborough Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-C. However, this emerging strategy would not deliver the 3Ha employment land. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant than LHNA SW-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Royal Wootton Bassett Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: moderate positive West of Swindon Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: neutral Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above.

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Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 0.5 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor positive effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant positive effects against this objective is Royal Wootton Bassett.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Marlborough Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-C. However, this emerging strategy would not deliver the 3Ha employment land. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant than LHNA SW-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-C above. Likely effects: minor positive Royal Wootton Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Bassett Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: minor positive West of Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the Swindon assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: minor positive Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 1.0 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor positive effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. There are no areas considered likely to experience significant positive effects against this objective.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

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Royal Wootton Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Bassett Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse West of Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the Swindon assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.25 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Marlborough.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Marlborough Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-C. However, this emerging strategy would not deliver the 3Ha employment land. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly less significant than LHNA SW-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-C above. Likely effects: minor positive Royal Wootton Overall effects considered to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-B as both strategies propose 1255 dwellings and 6Ha employment land. Bassett Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-B above. Likely effects: moderate positive West of Overall effects considered to be the same as Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C as all strategies propose 435 dwellings and 0Ha employment land. Refer to the Swindon assessment findings for Standard Method Strategies SW-B and SW-C above. Likely effects: minor positive Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy SW-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Adverse effects are likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA SW-A. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA SW-A above. Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 1.25 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor positive effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area most likely to experience significant positive effects against this objective is Royal Wootton Bassett.

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Annex I - Trowbridge Housing Market Area (HMA) - SA of Alternative Development Strategies (Local Housing Needs Assessment)

• Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) – rolling forward the Core Strategy.

• Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) – housing led by growth forecast at Westbury (from 1,435 to 2,130 homes), growth at Core Strategy rates at Warminster (no change) and Bradford on Avon assessed needs i.e. -4%. Consequential reductions at Trowbridge but still main focus for growth (5,400).

• Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) - Rest of HMA aligned to past rates of housing (from 635 to 1,200 homes). Warminster reflects assessed needs i.e. -4% and Westbury continues at Core Strategy rates. Reduced at Trowbridge (6,130) and Bradford on Avon (300).

Proposed distribution of housing and employment requirements – Local Housing Needs Assessment - Trowbridge HMA

Settlement Strategy TR – A Strategy TR – B Strategy TR – C (Current Strategy) (Westbury Growth Point) (Greater Rural Focus) Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Bradford on Avon 570 1 570 0 300 0 Trowbridge 6520 0 5400 0 6130 0 Warminster 1840 0 1950 0 1840 0 Westbury 1435 0 2130 1 1530 0 Rest of HMA 635 0 950 0 1200 1 TOTAL 11000 1 11000 1 11000 1

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

Bradford on Avon is located within the Consultation Zone of the Bath and Bradford on Avon Special Area of Conservation (SAC) providing key habitat for hibernation, breeding, foraging and commuting bats for Annex II bat species. Activities which occur in these designated sites and even some distance from them may damage important elements of the network and disrupt population dynamics. There is one SSSI in the area (Gripwood Quarry) and several County Wildlife Sites (CWS) within close proximity to the town

The landscape surrounding Trowbridge is known to be of high importance for bats, supporting at least 14 of the 18 UK bat species. Trowbridge is located within the Consultation Zone of the Bath and Bradford on Avon Special Area of Conservation (SAC) providing key habitat for Annex II species, particularly Bechstein’s. In particular, woodlands to the east and south east of Trowbridge (Biss Wood, Green Lane Wood and Clanger and Picket Wood) are known to support a large and internationally-significant breeding meta-population of Bechstein’s bat. Picket and Clanger Wood is the only designated SSSI in close proximity to the town. There are four County Wildlife Sites, including Bliss Wood, Flowers Wood, East Flowers Wood, Green Lane Wood and Meadow and Smith’s Well Wood, Kettle Lane Wood, and Wiildbrook Wood and Biss Meadows Country Park.

The town of Westbury is also located within the Consultation Zone of the Bath and Bradford on Avon Special Area of Conservation (SAC) providing key habitat. It is within 1.3km of the Salisbury Plain SAC, SPA. The town is within the visitor catchment of the Salisbury Plain SPA. There are three SSSI within close proximity to Westbury, including Salisbury Plain SSSI, Bratton Downs SSSI and Upton Cow Down SSSI. There are 12 County Wildlife Sites located within the vicinity of the town (Westbury Lakes, White Scar Hanging, White Scar Hanging Chalk, Chalcot Wood, Farmers Hill, Black Dog Woods North, Fairwood House Marsh, Fairwood Road Railway Line, Round Wood, Brokerswood and Hazel Wood, Bratton Chalk and Bratton down Quarry). In Warminster, phosphates in relation to the River Avon SAC, which is also a main contributor to habitat connectivity, have been identified as a potential issue relating to increased growth in the settlement. Furthermore, the Bath and Bradford on Avon SAC buffer lies to the immediate north of the settlement and Salisbury Plain to the east and south. Some areas around Warminster lie within the visitor catchment of the Salisbury Plain SPA and are therefore at risk of recreation pressure.

Some areas in the Rest of the HMA are designated as SSSIs, lie within the buffer zones of SACs and SPAs, or contain important habitats including ancient woodland.

DAQ 2: Ensure that all new developments protect Local Geological Sites (LGSs) from development? Westbury is the only settlement in the Trowbridge HMA in proximity to an LGS (formerly Regional Sites of Geological Importance, or RIG) with sites lying on the eastern side of the settlement towards Bratton and Edington.

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Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely.

Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge All levels of growth proposed under all strategies are All levels of growth proposed under all strategies are All levels of growth proposed under all strategies are significant and have the potential to lead to significant significant and have the potential to lead to significant significant and have the potential to lead to significant adverse effects which could be problematic to mitigate. The adverse effects which could be problematic to mitigate. adverse effects which could be problematic to mitigate. The key issue is that Trowbridge is in close proximity to the The key issue is that Trowbridge is in close proximity to key issue is that Trowbridge is in close proximity to the Bath Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, and additional the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, and additional and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, and additional growth is growth is likely to lead to recreational and possible direct growth is likely to lead to recreational and possible direct likely to lead to recreational and possible direct impacts on impacts on nearby woodland habitats and Annex II bat impacts on nearby woodland habitats and Annex II bat nearby woodland habitats and Annex II bat species. species. species. Development could also have some localised impacts on Development could also have some localised impacts on Development could also have some localised impacts on different habitats in the short-term. different habitats in the short-term. different habitats in the short-term. Overall, moderate adverse effects are likely. Overall, moderate adverse effects are likely. Overall, moderate adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster All strategies propose a similar level of relatively high All strategies propose a similar level of relatively high All strategies propose a similar level of relatively high growth growth at Warminster. Given the proximity of the Salisbury growth at Warminster. Given the proximity of the at Warminster. Given the proximity of the Salisbury Plain Plain SAC/SPA and Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, Salisbury Plain SAC/SPA and Bath and Bradford on Avon SAC/SPA and Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, and and potential adverse cumulative impacts on the qualifying Bats SAC, and potential adverse cumulative impacts on potential adverse cumulative impacts on the qualifying features of the River Avon SAC through increased the qualifying features of the River Avon SAC through features of the River Avon SAC through increased phosphate loading and habitat loss/damage, significant increased phosphate loading and habitat loss/damage, phosphate loading and habitat loss/damage, significant adverse effects are likely for all strategies. significant adverse effects are likely for all strategies. adverse effects are likely for all strategies. For an interim period, developments within the River Avon For an interim period, developments within the River For an interim period, developments within the River Avon SAC catchment should be phosphate neutral, which is Avon SAC catchment should be phosphate neutral, which SAC catchment should be phosphate neutral, which is defined in a Memorandum of Understanding with Natural is defined in a Memorandum of Understanding with defined in a Memorandum of Understanding with Natural England and Environment Agency. Measures will therefore Natural England and Environment Agency. Measures will England and Environment Agency. Measures will therefore need to be in place to ensure that developments do not therefore need to be in place to ensure that need to be in place to ensure that developments do not contribute to a net increase in phosphates for the River developments do not contribute to a net increase in contribute to a net increase in phosphates for the River Avon Avon SAC. phosphates for the River Avon SAC. SAC. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury Westbury is relatively unconstrained with regards to Westbury is relatively unconstrained with regards to Westbury is relatively unconstrained with regards to ecological statutory designations. The key issue is the ecological statutory designations. The key issue is the ecological statutory designations. The key issue is the south south of Westbury is within the visitor catchment of the south of Westbury is within the visitor catchment of the of Westbury is within the visitor catchment of the Salisbury Salisbury Plain SPA, therefore development could lead to Salisbury Plain SPA, therefore development could lead to Plain SPA, therefore development could lead to additional additional recreational pressures. Development could also additional recreational pressures. This additional growth recreational pressures. Development could also have some have some localised impacts on other habitats in the short- could also lead to development in parts of the town that localised impacts on other habitats in the short-term. term. will adversely affect Annex II bat species in relation to the Overall, this lower level of growth is likely to have minor Overall, this lower level of growth is likely to have minor Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC in the north. adverse ecological effects, depending on the proximity of adverse ecological effects, depending on the proximity of Development could also have some localised impacts on development to sensitive areas. development to sensitive areas. other habitats in the short-term.

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Overall, this higher level of growth is likely to have moderate adverse ecological effects, depending on the proximity of development to sensitive areas. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of The Rest of the HMA covers a wide geographical area. It The Rest of the HMA covers a wide geographical area. It The Rest of the HMA covers a wide geographical area. It HMA may be possible for development to avoid significant may be possible for development to avoid significant may be possible for development to avoid significant adverse adverse effects, particularly at this lower level of growth. adverse effects with median level of growth. This will effects with this higher level of growth, but impacts are likely Since at this stage, no sites have been identified, minor depend on the location and type of sites allocated. Since to be greater than TR-A and TR-B. This will depend on the adverse effects on this objective are considered likely. at this stage, no sites have been identified, minor adverse location and type of sites allocated. Since at this stage, no effects on this objective are considered likely. sites have been identified, minor adverse effects on this objective are considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.6 Overall, considering the assessment of all -1.8 Overall, considering the assessment of all -1.4 Overall, considering the assessment of all score for settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have moderate settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have minor this SA adverse effects on this objective. moderate adverse effects on this objective. adverse effects on this objective objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategy TR-C is considered the most sustainable strategy against this objective as the number of likely adverse effects is fewer.

• Strategy TR-B is considered the least sustainable strategy due to a greater number of likely significant adverse effects, specifically at Bradford on Avon, Trowbridge, Warminster and Westbury.

• Biodiversity issues in the Trowbridge HMA are mainly focussed on protecting Annex II bat species due to the internationally designated Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, impacts on the River Avon SAC at Warminster and the proximity of the Salisbury Plain SAC/SPA to Westbury and Warminster.

• Recommendation - It is recommended that levels of growth are reduced at Bradford on Avon, Warminster and Trowbridge with growth focussed instead on Westbury and other settlements within the Rest of the HMA and that this could be considered as a new strategy that would reduce significant effects against this objective.

• Westbury is considered the least constrained of the four settlements in terms of biodiversity and for this reason is considered better able to accommodate a higher level of growth.

• Bradford on Avon is particularly sensitive for bats due to the settlement lying within the core sustenance zone of the internationally designated Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC. Therefore, any additional growth - without appropriate mitigation - poses a risk to biodiversity. Strategy TR-C is considered the most sustainable strategy as it proposes a much lower amount of growth at the town. However, adoption of proposed recommendations could mitigate adverse effects.

• Growth at Trowbridge poses a risk to the habitats of the Annex II bat species associated with the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, particularly due to recreation impacts on nearby woodlands. While Trowbridge is less constrained than Bradford on Avon with regards to the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, levels of growth at the settlement proposed across all

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strategies are high. Therefore, moderate adverse effects for Trowbridge are also likely across all scenarios. However, adoption of proposed recommendations, including the adoption of the Trowbridge Bat Mitigation Strategy, could mitigate some of the adverse effects.

• Development across the board should avoid areas of biodiversity sensitivity where possible, particularly important bat habitats such as woodland. Offsetting and habitat creation are likely to be key to enabling any further development where growth poses a risk to bat habitats, particularly in Trowbridge and Bradford on Avon. The adoption of the Trowbridge Bat Mitigation Strategy will help to ensure that additional development in the settlement prevents adverse effects. Development should also take the opportunity to improve habitats for bats where necessary, through the creation of woodland blocks and planting of hedgerows and tree lines which would improve habitat connectivity and buffer the effects of increased development.

• With regards to impacts on the River Avon SAC, particularly an issue in Warminster, a Memorandum of Understanding with relevant authorities has been agreed to ensure that development does not have negative effects upon the SAC. Ensuring the MoU remains up to date will be important to protecting the biodiversity in the SAC.

• Recreational impacts on the Salisbury Plain could be avoided by adopting an up-to-date Salisbury Plain Mitigation Strategy.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Ensure efficient use of land? The design of specific developments will involve setting appropriate housing densities for development which will be part of the planning process. The assessment of efficient use of land will be carried out in a more detailed way at the individual site assessment stage within the SA.

DAQ 3: Encourage remediation of contaminated land? If so, would this lead to issues of viability and deliverability? Across Wiltshire, some 14,000 sites of potential contamination exist as a result of a range of historical land uses; 225 high priority sites have been identified as part of a prioritised approach to inspection.

DAQ 4: Result in the permanent loss of the Best and Most Versatile Agricultural land (Grades 1, 2, 3a)? While there is some Grade 2 (very good) land to the north of Bradford on Avon, the majority of agricultural land surrounding the urban area is Grade 3 (good to moderate), with some Grade 4 (poor) land to the west.

In Trowbridge, the majority of agricultural land bordering the urban area is Grade 3 with some Grade 4 and a small area of Grade 2 in the north east.

While there are areas of Grade 4 and Grade 3 land surrounding Westbury, the south and south east of the town is surrounded by Grade 2 land.

The urban area of Warminster is surrounded by Grade 2 agricultural land to the east and west, although there are some areas of Grade 3 to the north and south and a small amount of Grade 4 to the south.

Excluding the urban areas, the majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as being Grade 3 agricultural land, with large patches of Grade 4 land occurring in the centre of the HMA. However, the south of the HMA around Warminster and the south of Westbury has large areas of Grade 2 land.

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DAQ 5: Lead to the sterilisation of viable mineral resources? If so, is there potential to extract the mineral resource as part of the development? The majority of Bradford on Avon lies within a Mineral Safeguarding Area (MSA).

The east of Westbury lies within a Mineral Safeguarding Area.

In the Rest of the HMA there are MSAs, particularly around Bradford on Avon and the east of Westbury. Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on Despite this strategy proposing a low level of growth Despite this strategy proposing a low level of growth Despite this strategy proposing a low level of growth Avon proportional to Bradford on Avon, the settlement lies within proportional to Bradford on Avon, the settlement lies proportional to Bradford on Avon, the settlement lies within an MSA. Therefore, further assessment will be needed on within an MSA. Therefore, further assessment will be an MSA. Therefore, further assessment will be needed on the potential impacts on mineral resources. Furthermore, needed on the potential impacts on mineral resources. the potential impacts on mineral resources. Furthermore, while it is anticipated that Best and Most Versatile (BMV) While it is anticipated that BMV land could be avoided, while it is anticipated that BMV land could be avoided, land could be avoided, Bradford on Avon has a very limited Bradford on Avon has a very limited capacity for PDL, so Bradford on Avon has a very limited capacity for PDL, so capacity for PDL, so development is likely to be on development is likely to be on greenfield land. As a result, development is likely to be on greenfield land. As a result, a greenfield land. As a result, a minor adverse effect is a minor adverse effect is considered likely. minor adverse effect is considered likely. Adverse effects are considered likely. considered to be less than for TR-A and TR-B given the lower quantum of growth to be directed here. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Despite the presence of some notable areas of PDL within Despite the presence of some notable areas of PDL Despite the presence of some notable areas of PDL within the town, most of this growth is still likely to be on within the town, most of this growth is still likely to be on the town, most of this growth is still likely to be on greenfield greenfield sites. Due to the high proportion of Grade 3 greenfield sites. Due to the high proportion of Grade 3 sites. Due to the high proportion of Grade 3 agricultural land agricultural land bordering the urban area of Trowbridge, agricultural land bordering the urban area of Trowbridge, bordering the urban area of Trowbridge, the potential impact the potential impact is dependent on the precise location of the potential impact is dependent on the precise location is dependent on the precise location of growth and the growth and the outcome of further assessment on the of growth and the outcome of further assessment on the outcome of further assessment on the proportion of Grade proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3. proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3. 3a land within Grade 3. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all strategies at Trowbridge as the quantum of growth is for all strategies at Trowbridge as the quantum of growth all strategies at Trowbridge as the quantum of growth is significant. Impacts are likely to be greater under this is significant. Impacts are likely to be less under this significant. strategy than the other strategies. strategy than the other strategies. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster The potential impacts are dependent on the precise The potential impacts are dependent on the precise The potential impacts are dependent on the precise location location of growth and the proportion of Grade 3a land location of growth and the proportion of Grade 3a land of growth and the proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade within Grade 3. within Grade 3. 3. However, most of this growth is likely to be on greenfield However, most of this growth is likely to be on greenfield However, most of this growth is likely to be on greenfield sites as there are few areas of PDL within the town that can sites as there are few areas of PDL within the town that sites as there are few areas of PDL within the town that can be developed. can be developed. be developed. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for all strategies at Warminster as the quantum of growth is for all strategies at Warminster as the quantum of growth all strategies at Warminster as the quantum of growth is similar. is similar. similar.

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Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury While it is considered likely that the Best and Most While the scale of the potential impacts is dependent on The potential impacts are dependent on the precise location Versatile (BMV) land could be avoided, the potential the precise location of growth, the proportion of Grade 3a of growth, the proportion of Grade 3a within Grade 3, and the impacts are dependent on the precise location of growth, within Grade 3, and the outcome of further assessment outcome of further assessment into the potential impacts the proportion of Grade 3a within Grade 3, and the into the potential impacts associated with the MSA, associated with the MSA. However, as Westbury has a outcome of further assessment into the potential impacts Westbury has a limited amount of PDL so additional limited amount of PDL, additional development is likely to associated with the MSA. However, as Westbury has a development is likely to lead to the loss of greenfield land. lead to the loss of greenfield land. As a result, minor adverse limited amount of PDL, additional development is likely to As a result, moderate adverse effects are anticipated. effects are anticipated. lead to the loss of greenfield land. As a result, minor The risk of adverse effects occurring is greater compared adverse effects are considered likely. to the other strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

Rest of In the Rest of the HMA, it is possible for development to In the Rest of the HMA, it is possible for development to In the Rest of the HMA, it is possible for development to HMA avoid areas of BMV land. However, as the majority of the avoid areas of BMV land. However, as the majority of the avoid areas of BMV land. However, as the majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, further Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, further Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, further assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas of assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas of assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. Regardless, due to the likely loss of greenfield land, land. Regardless, due to the likely loss of greenfield land, land. minor adverse effects are likely. minor adverse effects are likely. The likelihood of adverse effects on this objective is higher and moderate adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.4 Minor adverse -1.6 Moderate adverse -1.6 Moderate adverse score for At this stage no sites have been allocated which makes it At this stage no sites have been allocated which makes it At this stage no sites have been allocated which makes it this SA difficult to advise how a particular development strategy will difficult to advise how a particular development strategy difficult to advise how a particular development strategy will affect this objective. While there may be developable areas will affect this objective. While there may be developable affect this objective. While there may be developable areas objective in each settlement which are able to avoid BMV land, areas in each settlement which are able to avoid BMV in each settlement which are able to avoid BMV land, overall, overall, there are likely to be minor adverse effects on SA land, overall, there are likely to be moderate adverse there are likely to be moderate adverse effects on SA objective 2 due to the loss of greenfield land. effects on SA objective 2 due to the loss of greenfield objective 2 due to the loss of greenfield land. land. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategy TR-A is considered the most sustainable strategy as there are likely to be fewer adverse effects against this objective. This is because of the lower quantum of growth proposed for Bradford on Avon, Westbury and the Rest of the HMA with consequent less significant impacts.

• Strategies TR-B and TR-C score equally and are considered less sustainable strategies against this objective as there are likely to be greater adverse effects against this objective.

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• In particular, Warminster has a high proportion of known BMV land (Grade 1 and Grade 2) surrounding the settlement, Westbury has a large amount of known BMV land to the south as well as Mineral Safeguarding Areas (MSAs) to the east, and Bradford on Avon lies within an MSA.

• All strategies are likely to have adverse effects as it is likely that most new development will be built on greenfield sites. This may or may not involve Best and Most Versatile (BMV) agricultural land (Grade 1, 2 and 3a).

• There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land and will potentially lead to the loss of BMV. However, without knowing the exact location of growth and the extent of what BMV land is required, it is anticipated that negative impacts will occur in all strategies.

• Uncertainties also exist regarding the potential for adverse impacts on mineral resources and the potential for contaminating remediating land.

• Further assessment will also need to be carried out to understand the potential impacts of development on Mineral Safeguarding Areas (MSAs) when allocating precise locations for growth.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Protect surface, ground and drinking water quality? Trowbridge does not have any Source Protection Zones which would be affected by development, however, there is a Drinking Water Protected Area (Surface Area) surrounding the north of the town.

Bradford on Avon and the surrounding area lies within a Drinking Water Protected Area (Surface Water), and a Groundwater Source Protection Zone 2 (Outer Protection Zone) lies less than half a mile to the north of the settlement.

Any development which takes place to the south of Westbury would have to be cognisant of groundwater pollution as there are Source Protection Zones 1 and 2 (Inner and Outer Protection Zones) in the vicinity.

Source Protection Zones cover the north of Warminster, being mainly Zone 2 (Outer Protection) or Zone 3 (Total Catchment) with some smaller areas of Zone 1 (Inner Protection Zone).

While there are rural areas in the Rest of the HMA which are within Source Protection Zones or Drinking Water Protected Areas, there are also plenty of areas in the countryside where development could occur without posing a risk to water resources.

DAQ 2: Direct development to sites where adequate water supply, foul drainage, sewage treatment facilities and surface water drainage is available? While Wessex Water have stated that infrastructure investment in Trowbridge is committed for 2019/20 with regards to phosphate reduction and additional capacity, at the time there are no plans for further investment. There is a moderate probability that rolling forward the current strategy would require construction works.

Bradford on Avon does not have any infrastructure investment scheduled, although Wessex Water have advised that assets are predicted to require investment to improve capacity between 2025 – 2036. There is a moderate probability that rolling forward the current strategy would require construction works.

Wessex Water have stated that infrastructure investment in Westbury is committed in 2019/20 and that further investment is likely to be required to improve capacity between 2025 – 2036. There is no probability that rolling forward the current strategy would require construction works to accommodate development.

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In Warminster, Wessex Water have stated that investment is committed for 2020/21 and that further investment is likely to be required to improve capacity between 2025 and 2036. There is a moderate probability that rolling forward the core strategy would require construction works to accommodate development.

Rural development in the Rest of the HMA is likely to be more dispersed which may mean that the existing drainage infrastructure can accommodate the additional capacity. However, there may be a cumulative effect on the rural system. Furthermore, if the rural development is not dispersed it could lead to requirements to upgrade capacity outside of the main settlements which has not yet been accounted for.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on Further development should consider the risk to Further development should consider the risk to Further development should consider the risk to groundwater Avon groundwater and drinking water resources as well as any groundwater and drinking water resources as well as any and drinking water resources as well as any strain on the strain on the capacity of the water network due to a strain on the capacity of the water network due to a capacity of the water network due to a potential requirement potential requirement for investment. potential requirement for investment. for investment. As a result, a minor adverse effect is Minor adverse effects are considered likely given low Minor adverse effects are considered likely given low level anticipated. However, this strategy proposes a very low level level of growth. of growth. of housing growth. Any negative effects are more likely to be avoided or successfully mitigated compared to the other strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge The scale of growth proposed in this strategy may impact Despite this strategy proposing the lowest level of growth at The scale of growth proposed in this strategy may impact on on this objective due to a potential need for future Trowbridge, it is still significant and a potential need for this objective due to a potential need for future investment in investment in the water network and the potential impact future investment in the water network and the potential the water network and the potential risk on drinking water on drinking water resources. risk on drinking water resources means that moderate resources. As a result, moderate adverse effects are Moderate adverse effects are considered likely. adverse effects are likely. considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster All three strategies propose a similar level of significant All three strategies propose a similar level of significant All three strategies propose a similar level of significant growth at Warminster with effects against this objective growth at Warminster with effects against this objective growth at Warminster with effects against this objective likely likely to be similar. likely to be similar. to be similar. The risk of impacts on groundwater resources along with The risk of impacts on groundwater resources along with a The risk of impacts on groundwater resources along with a a potential need for investment to improve the capacity of potential need for investment to improve the capacity of the potential need for investment to improve the capacity of the the water network suggest that moderate adverse effects water network suggest that moderate adverse effects are water network suggest that moderate adverse effects are are likely. likely. likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury The risk to the Source Protection Zones to the south and As this strategy proposes a significantly higher level of Despite this strategy proposing a lower level of growth the requirement for investment in the water network mean growth at Westbury, the risk to the Source Protection proportional to Westbury, the risk to the Source Protection that minor adverse effects are considered likely. There is Zones to the south and the potential requirement for Zones to the south and the potential requirement for no probability that rolling forward the current strategy investment in the water network is higher in this strategy investment in the water network mean that minor adverse would require construction works to accommodate compared to the other strategies. Overall, moderate effects are considered likely. This strategy proposes a development. adverse effects are considered likely. slightly higher level of growth than the roll forward and is therefore likely to lead to slightly greater adverse effects. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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Rest of There are areas in the countryside where development There are areas in the countryside where development There are areas in the countryside where development could HMA could occur without posing a risk to water resources. could occur without posing a risk to water resources. occur without posing a risk to water resources. However, it However, it could lead to requirements to upgrade However, it could lead to requirements to upgrade capacity could lead to requirements to upgrade capacity outside of the capacity outside of the main settlements which has not outside of the main settlements which has not yet been main settlements which has not yet been accounted for. yet been accounted for. accounted for. This level of growth is considered likely to have minor This level of growth is considered likely to have minor This level of growth is considered likely to have minor adverse effects in the Rest of the HMA due to the potential adverse effects in the Rest of the HMA. adverse effects in the Rest of the HMA. impact on the rural drainage system and water protection zones. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.4 Minor adverse -1.6 Moderate adverse -1.4 Minor adverse score for Due to uncertainties regarding the precise location of Due to uncertainties regarding the precise location of Due to uncertainties regarding the precise location of this SA development and the potential for additional investment in development and the potential for additional investment in development and the potential for additional investment in infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the potential impact infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the potential impact on infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the potential impact on objective on water resources. Due to the presence of Drinking water resources. Due to the presence of Drinking Water water resources. Due to the presence of Drinking Water Water Safeguard Areas and Source Protection Zones Safeguard Areas and Source Protection Zones and the Safeguard Areas and Source Protection Zones and the and the potential for additional pressure on the water potential for additional pressure on the water network, potential for additional pressure on the water network, minor network, minor adverse effects on SA objective 3 are moderate adverse effects on SA objective 3 are considered adverse effects on SA objective 3 are considered likely. considered likely. likely. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Although the three strategies score similarly, strategies TR-A and TR-C are more sustainable as there are less adverse effects likely. This is primarily due to the likelihood of less adverse effects at Westbury due to lower levels of proposed growth in these strategies.

• Strategy TR-B is considered the least sustainable strategy as it is likely to have greater adverse effects than SW-A and SW-C. This is primarily due to the likelihood of greater adverse effects at Westbury due to significantly higher levels of proposed growth in this strategy.

• Due to the uncertainties regarding the impact on groundwater protection zones and the water network, likely adverse effects are considered likely across all settlements. There are areas in the HMA which lie within Source Protection Zones and Drinking Water Safeguard Areas which would need to be considered if development is allocated in that area. Furthermore, additional development beyond what is already planned for may require further investment in infrastructure, although until sites have been allocated it is difficult to know whether capacity issues will already have been addressed by planned improvements or whether further works will be required. Westbury has been identified as a settlement that would be unlikely to require construction works at the settlement to accommodate development.

• Given the scale of proposed growth at Trowbridge and Warminster, all strategies are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects which would be difficult to mitigate. However, mitigation is achievable, and the sustainability of any development will very much depend on its type and location, as well as any water efficiency measures installed.

• All strategies for Bradford on Avon and Rest of the HMA are considered likely to have minor adverse effects only. New development will require water infrastructure and will add to pressures on the water supply network, but significant effects are not thought likely.

• Warminster is the only settlement in the Trowbridge HMA where a Source Protection Zone (Zones 2 and 3) impinges on the built-up area itself. The Source Protection Zone also covers the entire north of the settlement and a Zone 3 designation surrounds Warminster to the east and west. Therefore, development in the settlement could struggle to avoid being located in a protection zone. Similarly, Bradford on Avon and the surrounding area lies within a Drinking Water Protected Area (Surface Water). However, although development should be aware of the requirement to protect groundwater and drinking water, it is unlikely to majorly affect housing development.

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• With regards to investment in infrastructure, development in the rural area is most likely to require additional investment as Wessex Water’s planned improvement works are focused on the towns. As a result, development in the Rest of the HMA poses a risk to ensuring capacity of the water network and will need further assessment to ensure capacity of the water network.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

DAQ 2: Minimise effects on and where possible improve air quality and locate sensitive development away from areas of poor air quality (such as AQMAs)? Bradford on Avon has a long standing AQMA for annual average exceedance of nitrogen dioxide and small particulates (PM10) with no improvement in the former. The data for fine particulate monitoring supports revocation of the AQMA in this respect. Bath Clean Air Zone may cause the displacement of traffic onto Wiltshire roads, but monitoring of potential traffic displacement onto Wiltshire Roads from Bath CAZ is agreed with Bath.

Westbury has a long standing AQMA. Historic real-time monitoring for NO2, PM10 and SO2 and indicative real-time monitoring for particulates commenced in 2018. Other pollutants from nearby waste treatment works are present. Bath Clean Air Zone may cause the displacement of traffic onto Wiltshire roads, but monitoring of potential traffic displacement onto Wiltshire Roads from Bath CAZ is agreed with Bath.

Trowbridge is not subject to any AQMA declarations, two diffusion tubes to monitor were introduced in 2019 and the settlement is not considered at risk of an AQMA declaration.

Warminster is not subject to any AQMA declarations. A diffusion tube is apparent in Warminster and an additional tube is apparent in Heytesbury. The settlement is not considered at risk of an AQMA declaration.

Development in the Rest of HMA is unlikely to have a major effect on any existing AQMA. Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of public transport provision in these areas, development may lead to an increased number of journeys in the private car which could lead to increased pollutants from vehicles.

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Bradford on existing issues concerning an existing long term AQMA development at Bradford on Avon, where existing issues concerning an existing long term AQMA are slightly Avon are slightly improving, is likely to have adverse effects concerning an existing long term AQMA are slightly improving, is likely to have adverse effects against this against this objective. improving, is likely to have adverse effects against this objective. All new development is likely to have some impacts re objective. All new development is likely to have some impacts re noise noise and light pollution. All new development is likely to have some impacts re noise and light pollution. Therefore, it is likely that there would be a moderate and light pollution. Therefore, it is likely that there would be a minor adverse adverse effect. Therefore, it is likely that there would be a moderate adverse effect. effect. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Trowbridge is lower risk with regards to air quality and Trowbridge is lower risk with regards to air quality and is not Trowbridge is lower risk with regards to air quality and is not is not highlighted as a location of immediate air quality highlighted as a location of immediate air quality concern. highlighted as a location of immediate air quality concern. concern. However, rolling forward the current strategy However, this strategy proposes a significant level of growth However, this strategy proposes a significant level of growth proposes a significant level of growth at Trowbridge and at Trowbridge and for all strategies at Trowbridge, a range of at Trowbridge. For all strategies at Trowbridge, a range of for all strategies at Trowbridge, a range of environmental pollutants are likely to be increased. Vehicle environmental pollutants are likely to be increased. Vehicle environmental pollutants are likely to be increased. numbers will increase, affecting air quality, there may be a numbers will increase, affecting air quality, there may be a Vehicle numbers will increase, affecting air quality, need for new highway infrastructure and development will need for new highway infrastructure and development will there may be a need for new highway infrastructure and lead to increased noise and light pollution, and other lead to increased noise and light pollution, and other development will lead to increased noise and light pollutants. It is noted that Trowbridge does not have any pollutants. It is noted that Trowbridge does not have any pollution, and other pollutants. It is noted that AQMAs and is not considered at risk of an AQMA AQMAs and is not considered at risk of an AQMA Trowbridge does not have any AQMAs and is not declaration. declaration. considered at risk of an AQMA declaration. All new development is likely to have some impacts re noise All new development is likely to have some impacts re noise All new development is likely to have some impacts re and light pollution. and light pollution. noise and light pollution. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster All strategies propose a similar level of growth at All strategies propose a similar level of growth at Warminster. All strategies propose a similar level of growth at Warminster. Warminster. This level of development is likely to have This level of development is likely to have some adverse This level of development is likely to have some adverse some adverse effects against this objective, however, effects against this objective, however, when considered effects against this objective, however, when considered when considered against that proposed for Trowbridge, against that proposed for Trowbridge, effects are considered against that proposed for Trowbridge, effects are considered effects are considered likely to be minor adverse. All likely to be minor adverse. All new development is likely to likely to be minor adverse. All new development is likely to new development is likely to have some impacts re have some impacts re noise and light pollution have some impacts re noise and light pollution noise and light pollution It is noted that Warminster does not have any AQMAs and is It is noted that Warminster does not have any AQMAs and is It is noted that Warminster does not have any AQMAs not considered at risk of an AQMA declaration. not considered at risk of an AQMA declaration. and is not considered at risk of an AQMA declaration. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury Development of any sort is a risk in an area with a This strategy increases upon the roll forward to focus growth Development of any sort is a risk in an area with a designated AQMA and monitoring for NO2, PM10 and at Westbury. Development of any sort is a risk in an area designated AQMA and monitoring for NO2, PM10 and SO2. SO2. Despite this, mitigation opportunities may be with a designated AQMA, being monitored for NO2, PM10 and Despite this, mitigation opportunities may be achievable. achievable. SO2. Despite this, mitigation opportunities may be Overall, this strategy is assessed as having a moderate All new development is likely to have some impacts re achievable. adverse effect at this stage. noise and light pollution. Overall, this strategy is assessed as having a moderate adverse effect at this stage.

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Overall, this strategy is assessed as having a moderate adverse effect at this stage. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of The level of development proposed in the rest of the The level of development proposed in the rest of the HMA is The level of development proposed in the rest of the HMA is HMA HMA is more likely to place development away from more likely to place development away from many of the more likely to place development away from many of the many of the county’s existing AQMAs and therefore is county’s existing AQMAs and therefore is less likely to have county’s existing AQMAs and therefore is less likely to have less likely to have a major negative impact upon these. a major negative impact upon these. a major negative impact upon these. Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of public Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of public public transport provision in certain rural areas, transport provision in certain rural areas, development may transport provision in certain rural areas, development may development may lead to a proportionately increased lead to a proportionately increased number of journeys by lead to a proportionately increased number of journeys by number of journeys by private car which could lead to private car which could lead to increased pollutants from private car which could lead to increased pollutants from increased pollutants from vehicles. vehicles. vehicles. All new development is likely to have some impacts re All new development is likely to have some impacts re noise All new development is likely to have some impacts re noise noise and light pollution, and this is especially the case and light pollution, and this is especially the case in more and light pollution, and this is especially the case in more in more rural areas. rural areas. rural areas. This level of growth is assessed as having minor This level of growth is assessed as having minor adverse This level of growth is assessed as having minor adverse adverse effects against this objective. effects against this objective. effects against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.6 Overall, the strategy is assessed as having -1.6 Overall, TR-B has been assessed as having moderate -1.4 Overall, minor adverse effects are likely. This is score for moderate adverse effects. This is primarily due to the adverse effects. This is primarily due to the significant level primarily due to this strategy proposing lower levels of growth this SA significant level of growth proposed at Trowbridge, of growth proposed at Trowbridge, together with proposed at Bradford on Avon. However, significant effects are still together with proposed levels of growth in Bradford on levels of growth in Bradford on Avon and Westbury, where considered likely at Trowbridge and Westbury, where objective Avon and Westbury, where existing issues are existing issues are apparent existing issues are apparent. apparent. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategy TR-C is more sustainable as there are less adverse effects likely. This is primarily due to this strategy proposing lower levels of growth at Bradford on Avon which has longstanding air quality issues.

• Strategies TR-A and TR-B are the least sustainable strategies as they are likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to the significant level of growth proposed at Trowbridge, together with proposed levels of growth in Bradford on Avon and Westbury, where existing issues are apparent.

• All development strategies lead to additional development and are therefore likely to lead to increased traffic in the identified settlements alongside the wider transport network and consequently increase levels of associated pollutants. A range of other environmental pollutants will also increase with new development.

• Strategy TR-C is only marginally more sustainable than the other two strategies because of the lower proportion of growth allocated to Bradford on Avon. It still allocates a significant amount to Westbury which has a longstanding AQMA and a focus of development on the rural parts of the HMA, whilst it may not adversely affect existing AQMAs, may be located in areas with poor public transport services, thereby increasing private car use, and have additional impacts of noise and light pollution in areas that are currently relatively rural.

• Trowbridge is lower risk with regards to air quality. However, for all strategies at Trowbridge, proposed levels of growth are significant and significant effects are considered likely where mitigation would be problematic.

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• Warminster is lower risk with regards to air quality. Proposed levels of growth are low in relative terms. Growth of this scale at Warminster is likely to have some adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution and this is likely to be minor adverse with mitigation considered to be achievable.

• All strategies in the Rest of the HMA are considered likely to have minor adverse effects as development is more likely to be dispersed and locate development away from many of the county’s existing AQMAs. However, due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of public transport provision in many rural areas, development may lead to an increased number of private car journeys.

• As the areas of poor air quality in Wiltshire are all traffic related, new development should contribute to improved air quality through reducing the need to travel by private car, promoting policies that promote development of sustainable transport links, promote housing development in sustainable locations and increasing on site vegetation in order to provide carbon sinks. Development led improvements in sustainable transport infrastructure that would otherwise be difficult to achieve may become viable with certain higher levels of growth, both residential and employment.

• Electric vehicle use can be encouraged by including charging points in new developments for both private charging at home and charging stations.

• When considering at risk areas, development should be accompanied with mitigation measures such as highway improvements that can alleviate/improve congestion and environmental pollutant issues present and subsequently improve air quality. It is recommended that development in all areas is associated with, where necessary, highway/public transport improvement measures to alleviate air quality concerns.

• If a significant amount of new development continues to be proposed at Westbury, it may be necessary to consider provision of a bypass to the town in order to redirect traffic from the town centre and reduce air quality concerns.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages.

DAQ 3: Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere? Fluvial flood-risk, along with surface and groundwater flooding form part of the settlement-level analysis below. The cumulative impact of development was also considered in order to identify those catchments where an increase in flows as a result of development would have the greatest impact on downstream flood risk. This analysis is based on a strategic assessment of flood risk. Local knowledge will be applied when specific development locations are identified. In terms of flood-risk potential at settlements the following can be stated:

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Trowbridge is at low risk of river and groundwater flooding and at high risk of surface water flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as low.

Westbury is at low risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Warminster is at moderate risk of river flooding and at high risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Bradford on Avon is at high risk of river and surface water flooding and at low risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate. Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on Development at Bradford on Avon is potentially Development at Bradford on Avon is potentially constrained Development at Bradford on Avon is potentially constrained Avon constrained by surface water flooding, as well as by surface water flooding, as well as additional fluvial risk by surface water flooding, as well as additional fluvial risk additional fluvial risk linked to the River Avon. All linked to the River Avon. All alternatives direct relatively low linked to the River Avon. All alternatives direct relatively low alternatives direct relatively low levels of development to levels of development to Bradford. This level of growth is levels of development to Bradford. This level of growth is not Bradford. This level of growth is not expected to have not expected to have significant impacts on flood risk. expected to have significant impacts on flood risk. significant impacts on flood risk. Consequently, minor Consequently, minor adverse effects on this objective are Consequently, minor adverse effects on this objective are adverse effects on this objective are considered likely. considered likely. considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Although all strategies direct substantial growth towards Although all strategies, including Core Strategy Continued This strategy has the second highest quantum of growth Trowbridge, TR-A – Core Strategy Continued - has the direct substantial growth to Trowbridge, TR-B has the directed at Trowbridge – levels would be similar to Core highest level, which makes it harder to avoid surface lowest level. This makes it comparatively easier to Strategy Continued. Surface water flood-risk is particularly water flood-risk in particular at Trowbridge. As a accommodate flood-resilient development and, as a evident at the town, consequently moderate adverse effects consequence, moderate adverse effects are suggested. consequence, minor adverse effects are suggested. are suggested.

Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster All strategies propose similar levels of development at All strategies propose similar levels of development at All strategies propose similar levels of development at Warminster. Warminster is at moderate risk of river Warminster. Warminster is at moderate risk of river flooding Warminster. Warminster is at moderate risk of river flooding flooding and at high risk of surface water and and at high risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. and at high risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. groundwater flooding. The levels of growth proposed in all three strategies are The levels of growth proposed in all three strategies are The levels of growth proposed in all three strategies are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects until considered likely to have moderate adverse effects until considered likely to have moderate adverse effects until development locations are known. development locations are known. development locations are known. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury Greatest risks in Westbury are estimated to occur through Greatest risks in Westbury are estimated to occur through Greatest risks from flooding in Westbury are estimated to ground and surface water flooding. Strategy TR-A has ground and surface water flooding. This development occur through ground and surface water flooding. This low relative development directed at the town which strategy directs substantially greater growth to the town strategy has relatively low growth directed at the town – means that it is more likely that new development could compared to the others, including Core Strategy Continued commensurate with Core Strategy Continued - which means be accommodated in a flood-resilient manner, although - and this is assessed as likely to have moderate adverse that it is more likely that new development could be this cannot be confirmed until sites are identified. Minor effects here. accommodated in a flood-resilient manner, although this adverse effects are therefore suggested at this strategic cannot be confirmed until sites are identified. Minor adverse level of analysis.

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effects are therefore suggested at this strategic level of analysis. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of This strategy has the lowest level of development This strategy has a moderate level of development directed TR-C has the highest level of development directed to Rest HMA directed to Rest of HMA, which means it is more likely to Rest of HMA – more than under Core Strategy of HMA – considerably higher than Core Strategy Continued. that new development could avoid areas at risk of Continued. Due to the relatively low level of growth, the Due to this higher level of growth, the strategy has been flooding, although this cannot be confirmed until sites are strategy has been assessed as having minor adverse assessed as having moderate adverse effects until more is identified. Due to the relatively low level of growth, the effects until more is known on a local level. known on a local level. Any proposed locations for strategy has been assessed as having minor adverse development could present a higher potential for flooding. effects until more is known on a local level. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.4 Overall the strategy is likely to have minor adverse -1.4 Overall the strategy is likely to have minor adverse -1.6 Overall this strategy is likely to have moderate adverse score for effects as regards objective 5. effects as regards objective 5 effects on objective 5, mainly due to risks associated with the this SA Trowbridge, Warminster and Rest of HMA areas. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Strategies TR-A and TR-B are considered the more sustainable options as there are less adverse effects likely overall.

• Strategy TR-C is considered the least sustainable strategy as it is likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to the likelihood of increased flood risk at Trowbridge, Warminster and in the Rest of the HMA.

• Whilst all areas within Trowbridge HMA demonstrate some areas at risk of flooding, some places are more constrained than others. Across all alternative strategies it is Warminster that exhibits the greatest potential for adverse impacts under this objective owing to high levels of surface and groundwater flood-risk. Trowbridge has been assessed as having likely significant adverse effects under the two higher growth options, but this may well be reviewed when more specific growth locations are known.

• Of all the localities being assessed in this HMA, Trowbridge and Westbury are likely to offer the best opportunities for flood resilience. However, for strategies that propose increased growth quanta at these towns, moderate adverse effects are considered likely.

• With the most significant risks being identified at Warminster it remains to be seen whether development locations would avoid the most flood-risk prone areas and/or whether parts of specific sites can be set aside to make space for water flows, especially under storm scenarios. In terms of the main settlements in Trowbridge HMA, the headline recommendations as regards flood resilience are:

• Trowbridge: Due to surface water flood risk, stringent policy with regards to the control of surface water discharges from new development would be required.

• Westbury: Due to surface water flood risk and cumulative impacts, stringent policy with regards to the control of surface water discharges from new development would be required. As high groundwater levels may impede infiltration-based sustainable drainage, site investigations would be needed to prove viability.

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• Bradford on Avon: Due to river and surface water flood risk and cumulative impacts, stringent policy with regards to the control of surface water discharges from new development would be required.

• Warminster: Due to river and surface water flood risk and cumulative impacts, stringent policy with regards to the control of surface water discharges from new development would be required. It is recommended that development sites are not allocated in areas at high risk of groundwater flooding.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Conserve and enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? Whilst this level of analysis makes reference to designated and non-designated heritage assets, these will be appraised in more detail at the site-specific stage. At a strategic level, key heritage assets in/around settlements are as follows:

Trowbridge: assets include the town centre and Newtown conservation areas, the historic cores of nearby villages in the surrounding areas, notably Southwick, North Bradley, Staverton, Hilperton [conservation area] and Semington. The Hilperton area has good preservation of medieval landscape character, and the Kennet & Avon Canal and associated WWII defence features are a valued asset.

Westbury: assets include the town centre conservation area, Bratton Camp scheduled monument and white horse and their settings; listed Heyward House and its setting; the scheduled moated site and setting at Penleigh; the land surrounding Leighton House; numerous Designated Farmsteads.

Warminster: assets include the town centre conservation area, prominent hill-forts at Cley Hill, Battlesbury and Scratchbury (west and north-east of the town) and Bishopstrow conservation area (south-east).

Bradford on Avon: assets include the town centre conservation area, registered parks and gardens at Belcombe Court and The Hall and their settings, plus conservation areas in nearby Turleigh, Winsley, Avoncliff and Lower Westwood (west and south-west). The Kennet & Avon Canal to the south is also a highly-valued asset.

DAQ 2: Maintain and enhance the character and distinctiveness of settlements through high quality and appropriate design, taking into account the management objectives of Conservation Areas? Whilst this level of analysis makes some reference to historic landscape character and townscape quality, design and conservation areas will feature more strongly in subsequent, more detailed / site- specific, appraisal. Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on Bradford on Avon has a range of assets. At this spatial Bradford on Avon has a range of assets. At this spatial Bradford on Avon has a range of assets. At this spatial level Avon level of analysis and given the relatively low development level of analysis and given the relatively low development of analysis and given the relatively low development quantum directed towards the settlement and its quantum directed towards the settlement and its environs, quantum directed towards the settlement and its environs, environs, Core Strategy Continued would suggest minor this strategy is also considered likely to have minor adverse this strategy is also considered likely to have minor adverse adverse effects in/around Bradford. effects in/around Bradford. effects in/around Bradford. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Under a continuation of the Wiltshire Core Strategy, Designated and non-designated heritage assets in/around Designated and non-designated heritage assets in/around designated and non-designated heritage assets in/around Trowbridge may be significantly affected by this high Trowbridge may be significantly affected by this high relative

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Trowbridge may be significantly affected by this high relative growth. Due to a lack of brownfield sites within the growth. Due to a lack of brownfield sites within the town to relative growth. Due to a lack of brownfield sites within town to accommodate this growth, development of accommodate this growth, development of greenfield sites the town to accommodate this growth, development of greenfield sites on the town edge may impact on on the town edge may impact on neighbouring villages’ greenfield sites on the town edge may impact on neighbouring villages’ heritage assets. heritage assets. neighbouring villages’ heritage assets. In addition to the heritage and character highlighted above, In addition to the heritage and character highlighted above, In addition to the heritage and character highlighted separation from the WWII defensive 'Stop Line' to the north separation from the WWII defensive 'Stop Line' to the north above, separation from the WWII defensive 'Stop Line' to of the town should be maintained. of the town should be maintained. the north of the town should be maintained. At this spatial level of analysis this strategy would suggest At this spatial level of analysis this strategy would suggest At this spatial level of analysis this strategy would likely moderate adverse effects upon designated and non- likely moderate adverse effects upon designated and non- suggest likely moderate adverse effects upon designated designated heritage assets and their settings. However, designated heritage assets and their settings. However, this and non-designated heritage assets and their settings. this issue will be clarified as site-specific development issue will be clarified as site-specific development However, this issue will be clarified as site-specific propositions emerge and the potential impacts are propositions emerge and the potential impacts are assessed. development propositions emerge and the potential assessed. impacts are assessed. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Warminster and its environs are characterised by the Warminster and its environs are characterised by the Warminster and its environs are characterised by the presence of conservation areas, listed buildings, presence of conservation areas, listed buildings, registered presence of conservation areas, listed buildings, registered registered parks & gardens, dispersed farmsteads and parks & gardens, dispersed farmsteads and other parks & gardens, dispersed farmsteads and other scheduled other scheduled assets. However, the quantum proposed scheduled assets. However, the quantum proposed assets. However, the quantum proposed in/around in/around Warminster, similar under each strategy, in/around Warminster, similar under each strategy, appears Warminster, similar under each strategy, appears to be appears to be unlikely to have significant effects on this to be unlikely to have significant effects on this objective. unlikely to have significant effects on this objective. objective. Minor adverse effects are thus considered likely. However, Minor adverse effects are thus considered likely. However, Minor adverse effects are thus considered likely. this issue will be clarified as site-specific development this issue will be clarified as site-specific development However, this issue will be clarified as site-specific propositions emerge and the potential impacts are propositions emerge and the potential impacts are assessed. development propositions emerge and the potential assessed. impacts are assessed. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury Westbury has designated and non-designated heritage Westbury is the settlement in the HMA which, under this Westbury has designated and non-designated heritage assets which should be protected and enhanced and development strategy, would witness a notable increase in assets which should be protected and enhanced and there is there is the potential for further coalescence with Dilton growth. This appears to be consistent with a place where the potential for further coalescence with Dilton Marsh, Marsh, Hawkeridge and the smaller settlements and challenges under Objective 6 are reduced compared with Hawkeridge and the smaller settlements and farmsteads farmsteads around Brokerswood leading to adverse other settlements. around Brokerswood leading to adverse impacts on their impacts on their rural character. However, the level of This notwithstanding the town has designated and non- rural character. However, the level of growth proposed under growth proposed under this strategy appears to be designated assets which should be protected and this strategy, similar to TR-A, appears to be unlikely to have unlikely to have significant effects on this objective. enhanced. There is, moreover, the potential for further significant effects on this objective. Minor adverse effects are thus considered likely. coalescence with Dilton Marsh, Hawkeridge and the Minor adverse effects are thus considered likely. However, However, this issue will be clarified as site-specific smaller settlements/ farmsteads around Brokerswood this issue will be clarified as site-specific development development propositions emerge and the potential leading to adverse impacts on their rural character. The propositions emerge and the potential impacts are assessed. impacts are assessed. above factors, in combination with a moderate land-take for business growth, indicate moderate adverse effects on heritage assets at/around this locality. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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Rest of The nature of heritage assets distribution means that Under this strategy moderately high growth rates – greater The nature of heritage assets distribution means that HMA rural development locations around Rest of HMA would than under Core Strategy Continued - mean that locations locations across Rest of HMA would have to be selected also have to be selected carefully as regards possible in Rest of HMA would have to be selected very carefully. carefully as regards possible growth. Strategy TR-C raises growth. However, this level of growth is considered unlikely to have growth quanta considerably in more rural areas, especially Development in these locations, albeit still unknown, may significant effects on heritage assets. vis-à-vis Core Strategy Continued. On this basis moderate be considered as likely to have minor adverse effects on Minor adverse effects are therefore likely since such adverse effects for Rest of HMA are likely at this strategic this objective. development localities are still unknown. level of analysis, particularly since such development locations are still unknown. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.2 In light of the above, the assessment of the strategy -1.4 In light of the above, the assessment of the strategy -1.4 In light of the above, the assessment of the strategy score for overall suggests likely minor adverse effects against overall suggests likely minor adverse effects against overall suggests likely minor adverse effects against this SA Objective 6. The only significant adverse effects are likely Objective 6. Significant adverse effects are likely at Objective 6. Significant adverse effects are likely at at Trowbridge due to the growth quantum proposed. Trowbridge and Westbury due to the growth quantum Trowbridge and Rest of the HMA due to the growth quantum objective proposed. proposed. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Although all strategies were assessed as having likely minor adverse effects overall, Strategy TR-A is considered to be the more sustainable option as there are less adverse effects likely. The only significant adverse effects are likely at Trowbridge due to the growth quantum proposed at the town.

• Strategies TR-B and TR-C score equally and are considered the least sustainable strategies as they are likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to higher proposed levels of growth at Marlborough, West of Swindon and in the Rest of the HMA.

• For all development strategies at Trowbridge there are likely significant adverse effects on designated and non-designated heritage assets and their settings at a strategic level. Due to a lack of brownfield sites within the town to accommodate this growth, development of greenfield sites on the town edge may impact on neighbouring villages’ heritage assets.

• None of the strategies for Bradford on Avon and Warminster are considered likely to have significant effects on this objective, given the relatively low growth proposed.

• The higher growth scenarios for Westbury (TR-B) and Rest of the HMA (TR-C) are considered likely to have significant adverse effects on these settlements/areas. However, the nature of heritage assets is site-specific, and, as such, adverse effects remain unclear until development locations start to become finalised, and successive assessment able to demonstrate that impacts can be limited.

• It appears possible that the HMA can accommodate the proposed quantum overall without likely significant effects. It may also be possible to direct additional growth to Bradford on Avon, Warminster, Westbury and Rest of the HMA without leading to likely significant effects, but this will depend on the specific development locations.

• In order to reduce significant adverse effects at Trowbridge, localised areas of search may exist towards the north and north-east of the settlement, although there is a strong marker on conserving the integrity of the WWII GHQ ‘Blue Line’ relating to the Avon and the Kennet & Avon Canal. Small-scale growth may be locally feasible towards the south and east. However, in order to accommodate such a substantial quantum of development, to limit adverse impacts, any strategy would benefit from both assessing the green belt to the north and west of Trowbridge and maximising the ability of brownfield land in the town centre to deliver new housing and employment.

• In/around Bradford, in order to reduce significant adverse effects, small-scale development may be locally appropriate. The town nevertheless features a wide range of designated and non- designated heritage assets. Development-led increases on traffic flows would put pressure on assets within the historic core. It is possible that a strategy for accommodating proposed development might be a reappraisal of the green belt that surrounds the town.

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• As regards Westbury, there is probably scope for development in selected locations close to the town in an arc comprising the west around to the north-east. Other areas around the town appear to be more constrained in terms of heritage assets and their settings.

• In/around Warminster, in order to limit significant adverse effects, there could be localised scope for small-scale development inside the A36/A350. The town nevertheless features a wide range of designated and non-designated heritage assets both within and without the urban area and development would have to be planned very carefully.

• New development should seek to protect and enhance the setting of designated and non-designated heritage assets, and it may be possible to limit harm to heritage assets and their settings; in/around all settlements local impact assessments at site-specific stage, including for archaeology, would be required to test this.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise impact on and where appropriate enhance nationally designated landscapes and their settings and locally valued landscapes? Whilst this strategic-level analysis appraises designated and locally–valued assets, local assets will become more prominent during detailed / site-specific SA. At this stage, at and around the settlements, the following may be noted.

Bradford on Avon: assets include the Cotswolds AONB to the west and south of the town, West Wiltshire Green Belt, Kennet & Avon Canal and Barton Farm Country Park.

Trowbridge: assets include the West Wiltshire Green Belt to the north and west of the town and scattered ancient woodland and historic parkland around the town’s periphery. The Hilperton area is an example of good preservation of medieval landscape character, and the Kennet & Avon Canal is a valued feature. There is a risk of coalescence with neighbouring villages such as Hilperton, North Bradley and Southwick.

Westbury: assets include the Salisbury Plain Special Landscape Area to the town’s south, whilst greater coalescence with Dilton Marsh, Hawkeridge and the smaller settlements and farmsteads around Brokerswood could lead to adverse impacts on rural character.

Warminster: assets include Cranborne Chase & West Wilts AONB to the south and west, Salisbury Plain Special Landscape Area, and three prominent hill-forts.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on This is a relatively low level of development for the town. This is a relatively low level of development for the town. Significantly lower proposed growth under this strategy. Avon However, the West Wiltshire Green Belt surrounds the However, the West Wiltshire Green Belt surrounds the Despite difficulties against this objective, the quantum might town and the Cotswolds AONB borders the town to the town and the Cotswolds AONB borders the town to the be sustainably accommodated. Minor adverse effects are west and south. Therefore, at this strategic level, it may west and south. Therefore, at this strategic level, it may be likely at Bradford on Avon. be difficult to accommodate this growth without significant difficult to accommodate this growth without significant effects on landscape and moderate adverse effects are effects on landscape and moderate adverse effects are considered likely. considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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Trowbridge The significant levels of growth proposed at Trowbridge The significant levels of growth proposed at Trowbridge The significant levels of growth proposed at Trowbridge under all three strategies are considered likely to have under all three strategies are considered likely to have under all three strategies are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects that would be problematic to moderate adverse effects that would be problematic to moderate adverse effects that would be problematic to mitigate. The West Wiltshire Green Belt comes up to the mitigate. The West Wiltshire Green Belt comes up to the mitigate. The West Wiltshire Green Belt comes up to the edge of the town in the north and west, the villages of edge of the town in the north and west, the villages of edge of the town in the north and west, the villages of Hilperton, North Bradley and Southwick are in close Hilperton, North Bradley and Southwick are in close Hilperton, North Bradley and Southwick are in close proximity to the town and there are significant areas of proximity to the town and there are significant areas of proximity to the town and there are significant areas of ancient woodland to the south and east. All of these ancient woodland to the south and east. All of these ancient woodland to the south and east. All of these constraints limit the availability of sustainable constraints limit the availability of sustainable development constraints limit the availability of sustainable development development locations. locations. locations. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster The landscape around Warminster is considered better The landscape around Warminster is considered better The landscape around Warminster is considered better able able to accommodate this level of proposed growth able to accommodate this level of proposed growth without to accommodate this level of proposed growth without without significant effects. Minor adverse effects are likely significant effects. Minor adverse effects are likely at this significant effects. Minor adverse effects are likely at this at this strategic assessment stage. strategic assessment stage. strategic assessment stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury It is considered that Westbury may have the greatest It is considered that Westbury may have the greatest scope It is considered that Westbury may have the greatest scope scope for growth under this objective. There are no for growth under this objective. There are no national for growth under this objective. There are no national national landscape designations affecting Westbury and landscape designations affecting Westbury and landscape designations affecting Westbury and development development would be possible, particularly to the north development would be possible, particularly to the north would be possible, particularly to the north and west of the and west of the town, with few landscape constraints. and west of the town, with few landscape constraints. town, with few landscape constraints. However minor However minor adverse effects on the landscape are However minor adverse effects on the landscape are likely. adverse effects on the landscape are likely. likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Designations and locally-valued landscapes are Designations and locally-valued landscapes are The presence of considerable areas of AONB, Green Belt, HMA widespread across the HMA, meaning that locations in widespread across this HMA, meaning that locations in Special Landscape Area (SLA), and other locally-valued Rest of HMA would have to be selected carefully as Rest of HMA would have to be selected carefully as landscapes means that locations for development in Rest of regards possible development. regards possible development, given that the growth HMA would have to be selected carefully. Growth levels are Minor adverse effects are likely since development quantum would be raised vis-à-vis Core Strategy highest under this scenario and are considerably greater localities are still unknown. Continued. than TR-A and TR-B. Minor adverse effects are hence likely since such Moderate adverse effects are likely since such development development localities are still unknown. localities are still unknown. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.4 The strategy as a whole is considered likely to have -1.4 The strategy as a whole is considered likely to have -1.4 The strategy as a whole is considered likely to have score for minor adverse effects against Objective 7, but with minor adverse effects with significant adverse effects minor adverse effects against Objective 7, but with this SA significant adverse effects likely at Trowbridge and likely at Trowbridge and Bradford on Avon. significant adverse effects likely at Trowbridge and in the Bradford on Avon. Rest of the HMA. objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

• All strategies score equally, are assessed as having likely minor adverse effects on landscape overall and no one strategy is considered to be the more sustainable. However, all of these strategies are still considered likely to have significant landscape impacts in certain settlements/areas within the HMA.

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• All growth scenarios at Trowbridge are considered likely to have significant landscape impacts which would be difficult to accommodate and to mitigate. The West Wiltshire Green Belt comes up to the edge of the town in the north and west, the villages of Hilperton, North Bradley and Southwick are in close proximity to the town and there are significant areas of ancient woodland to the south and east. All of these constraints limit the availability of sustainable development locations in landscape terms.

• All development strategies direct substantial development towards Trowbridge. There may be limited possibilities for growth to the north and north-east of the town, and more localised scope for scattered development to the east and south, although this is potentially in conflict with the Trowbridge Bat Mitigation Strategy. There are some opportunities within the town to develop previously-developed land but, given proposed growth quanta and its Principal Settlement status, there is a rationale for reviewing the green belt boundary to test whether the town might expand to the west.

• It is suggested that seeking to accommodate the proposed higher levels of development in and around Bradford on Avon could also generate significant impacts upon national and local landscape assets. The town lies within the setting of the AONB, which under the Duty of Regard, would need to be protected and enhanced, and the West Wiltshire Green Belt surrounds the town. Moderate adverse effects are thus indicated at a strategic level for two strategies (TR-A and TR-B). The details of adverse impacts are at this stage unclear, meaning that site-specific development would have to be very carefully directed, and successive assessment able to demonstrate that impacts can be mitigated. To mitigate adverse impacts, it appears that scattered development could be locally appropriate and there is also a strong rationale for assessing the green belt boundary around the town.

• There are no significant landscape effects noted at Westbury or Warminster from the proposed levels of growth and it may be possible for these two towns to accommodate higher levels of growth in landscape terms.

• The presence of considerable areas of AONB, Green Belt, Special Landscape Area (SLA), and other locally-valued landscapes means that locations for development in the Rest of the HMA would have to be selected carefully. Lower growth levels may be able to be accommodated without likely significant effects.

• Based on the above it is therefore recommended that, in landscape terms, to seek to direct a proportion of growth away from Trowbridge and Bradford on Avon, and towards Westbury and to a lesser extent, Warminster. It is considered that Westbury may have the greatest scope for growth under this objective; there are no national landscape designations affecting Westbury and development would be possible, particularly to the north and west of the town, with few landscape constraints. It should be possible to accommodate proposed quanta at Warminster under all strategies, though AONB setting remains a consideration.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Provide an adequate supply of affordable housing? Delivery of homes in Trowbridge since 2006 has been below planned rates. This is mainly due to delays in bringing forward the strategic allocation at Ashton Park. The anticipated rate of construction means that the site will be contributing to the supply of homes beyond 2026. The ratio of house price to earnings for the Trowbridge Community Area is lower than the Wiltshire average but has increased from 7.16 in 2008 to 8.00 in 2017. This reflects a trend seen nationally but may, in part, have been due to supply of homes in recent years being at a lower rate than planned for in the current WCS. 33.6% of completions during the period 1/4/09 – 31/3/18 have been affordable.

For Bradford on Avon the house price to earnings ratio has risen significantly from 9.84 in 2008 to 14.04 in 2017. The town is also highly constrained by Green Belt, considerably limiting land available for housing development. Overall the number of homes delivered has been broadly as planned in the WCS but only 22.8% of homes built during the period 1/4/09 – 31/3/18 were affordable homes, substantially below that required under Core Policy 43.

Page | 263 nationally but may, in part, have been due to supply of homes in recent years being at a lower rate than planned in the current WCS, although 33.8% of all homes built since 2009 have been affordable housing, which is above the minimum target of 30%.

At Westbury the house price to earnings ratio has also increased slightly to 8.26, remaining below the average for Wiltshire but higher than the UK average, despite house building in recent years being marginally above planned levels. Affordable housing was 34.6% of all homes built between 1/4/09 – 31/3/18.

The updated housing requirement means that growth for the HMA will be marginally lower (by approximately 800 homes) than the number of homes allocated for 2006 – 2026 under the WCS. It is recognised that, as 65% of this proposed lower housing requirement for the Trowbridge HMA is already committed, the impact of new housing on affordability will be limited.

SA conclusions relate to the ability of the strategy to deliver affordable homes where they are needed taking into account factors such as where house price to income rations are highest.

DAQ 2: Support the provision of a range of house types and sizes to meet the needs of all sectors of the community? Developments providing a mix of house types and sizes can be delivered on small or large sites. For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is it is difficult to make notable distinctions to make notable distinctions between the options. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

DAQ 3: Deliver high quality residential development? High quality developments providing a mix of tenures can be delivered on small or large sites. For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions to make notable distinctions between the options in relation to the quality of housing or mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage. Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on Under Strategy TR-A Bradford on Avon would be Under Strategy TR-B Bradford on Avon would be expected Under Strategy TR-C Bradford on Avon would be expected Avon expected to deliver 570 dwellings from 2016-2036. to deliver 570 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into to deliver 300 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into account Taking into account existing commitments, this leaves a account existing commitments, this leaves a residual existing commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of residual requirement of 300 dwellings. requirement of 300 dwellings. 30 dwellings. TR-A is one of the strategies which directs higher levels TR-B is one of the strategies which directs higher levels of This strategy directs the lowest levels of housing to Bradford of housing to Bradford on Avon (although still modest) housing to Bradford on Avon (although still modest) where on Avon (effectively tying development to current where affordability ratios are the highest and delivery of affordability ratios are the highest and delivery of affordable commitments) The town has the highest affordability ratios affordable housing lowest. Relative to strategy TR-C this housing lowest. Relative to strategy TR-C this could have a and delivery of affordable housing lowest. Relative to could have a minor positive effect in Bradford Avon. The minor positive effect in Bradford Avon. The affordability strategy TR-A and TR-B this could have a minor adverse affordability ratio would not be significantly affected given ratio would not be significantly affected given low growth effect on the supply of affordable housing. The affordability low growth proposed. proposed. ratio would not be significantly affected given low growth proposed. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Under Strategy TR-A Trowbridge would be expected to Under Strategy TR-B Trowbridge would be expected to Under Strategy TR-C Trowbridge would be expected to deliver 6520 dwellings from 2016-2036 - higher than deliver 5400 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into deliver 6130 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into account other strategies. Taking into account existing account existing commitments, this leaves a residual existing commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of requirement of 1,375 dwellings. 2,105 dwellings.

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commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of 2,495 This distribution significantly reduces the amount to be This distribution reduces the amount to be delivered at the dwellings. delivered at the principal settlement of Trowbridge (against principal settlement of Trowbridge (against the current Although delivery in Trowbridge has been slow, those the current strategy). Such a reduction, compared to the strategy) by about 500 dwellings). Such a reduction, that have been built have delivered affordable housing current strategy, would result in fewer affordable homes compared to the current strategy, would result in fewer above 30% target levels. Continuation of the current than strategy TR-A but there are still a substantial number affordable homes than strategy TR-A but there are still a strategy could, therefore, result in a moderate positive of homes to be allocated in a location that has been substantial number of homes to be allocated in a location effect in terms of affordable housing supply at the delivering affordable housing above the target level of 30%. that has been delivering affordable housing above the target principal settlement. On balance, therefore, it is considered this strategy is likely level of 30%. On balance, therefore, it is considered this to result in a minor positive effect on the supply of strategy is likely to result in a moderate positive effect on the affordable homes at the principal settlement. supply of affordable homes at the principal settlement. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Warminster Under Strategy TR-A Warminster would be expected to Under Strategy TR-B Warminster would be expected to Under Strategy TR-C Warminster would be expected to deliver 1840 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into deliver 1950 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into deliver 1840 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into account account existing commitments, this leaves a residual account existing commitments, this leaves a residual existing commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of 0 requirement of 0 dwellings. requirement of 0 dwellings. dwellings. At Warminster this strategy effectively ties growth to At Warminster this strategy provides for a small amount of At Warminster this strategy effectively ties growth to current current levels of commitments. Although housing delivery additional housing. Although housing delivery in the town level of commitments. Although housing delivery in the town in the town has been slow those homes that have been has been slow those homes that have been built have has been slow those homes that have been built have built have provided affordable housing above target rates. provided affordable housing above target rates. Such a provided affordable housing above target rates. Such a low Such a low residual requirement would be likely to have a modest residual requirement would, therefore, be likely to residual requirement would, therefore, be likely to have a neutral effect on the supply of affordable homes. have a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable neutral effect on the supply of affordable homes. homes. Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: neutral Westbury Under Strategy TR-A Westbury would be expected to Under Strategy TR-B Westbury would be expected to Under Strategy TR-C Westbury would be expected to deliver deliver 1435 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into deliver a significantly higher 2130 dwellings from 2016- 1530 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into account existing account existing commitments, this leaves a residual 2036. Taking into account existing commitments, this commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of 420 requirement of 325 dwellings. leaves a residual requirement of 1,020 dwellings. dwellings. Modest levels of housing are identified at Westbury which Levels of housing to be identified at Westbury are Modest levels of housing are identified at Westbury which provides limited opportunity for the supply of affordable increased in this strategy which provides an improved provides limited opportunity for the supply of affordable housing in a location that has been delivering housing opportunity for the supply of affordable housing in a housing in a location that has been delivering housing slightly above anticipated rates and target levels of location that has been delivering housing slightly above slightly above anticipated rates and target levels of affordable housing. Consequently, given modest levels of anticipated rates and target levels of affordable housing. affordable housing. Consequently, given modest levels of growth proposed at Westbury, there is likely to be a minor Consequently, there is likely to be a moderate positive growth proposed at Westbury, there is likely to be a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable housing. effect on the supply of affordable housing at the town. positive effect on the supply of affordable housing. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of Under Strategy TR-A the Rest of the HMA would be Under Strategy TR-B the Rest of the HMA would be Under Strategy TR-C the Rest of the HMA would be HMA expected to deliver 635 dwellings from 2016-2036. expected to deliver 950 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking expected to deliver 1200 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking Taking into account existing commitments, this leaves a into account existing commitments, this leaves a residual into account existing commitments, this leaves a residual residual requirement of 235 dwellings. requirement of 550 dwellings. requirement of 800 dwellings. A continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth at The provision of homes in the rural areas under this This strategy provides for the highest levels of growth in the small and large villages is therefore likely to exacerbate strategy would broadly match rates seen in the past 10 rest of the HMA and would see delivery rates above those affordability issues in these parts of the HMA. The years (which have been above WCS rates) but could achieved in the past 10 years. An increase in levels of

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opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural potentially be targeted to help to support the vitality of rural housing growth at small and large villages, compared to areas is however limited by appropriate site size and areas, where a need has been identified. Therefore, Strategies TR-A and TR-B is unlikely to have great effect on therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to overall, a small increase in levels of housing growth at affordability issues in the rural areas. (i.e. reverse the trend) be small. These factors on balance are likely to result in a small and large villages under Strategy TR-B is unlikely to but may provide more opportunities to deliver affordable minor adverse effect on the supply of affordable homes in be sufficient to address affordability issues in the rural parts homes. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing the rest of the HMA. of the HMA. This strategy would therefore be likely to result in rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and in a neutral effect on the supply of affordable homes in the therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to be rest of the HMA. small. These factors on balance are likely to result in a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor positive Average 0.6 Overall, considering the distribution of housing across 1 Overall, considering the distribution of housing across all 0.6 Overall, considering the distribution of housing across all score for all settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a minor settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have a minor this SA minor positive effect on this objective. positive effect on this objective, but benefits will be positive effect on this objective. objective greater than strategies TR-A and TR-C. Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, Strategy TR-B is considered the most sustainable strategy against this objective as it is likely to have greater sustainability benefits.

• Strategies TR-A and TR-C score equally in the assessment and are considered the least sustainable as they are likely to have fewer sustainability benefits overall.

• Overall the housing requirement for the Trowbridge HMA is lower (by approx. 800 dwellings) than for the current plan period. However, this requirement is based on an assessment of need and therefore is not, in itself, an indication of a negative effect. None of the strategies under consideration are likely to have significant benefits against this objective. To increase the benefits for affordable and market housing provision in this HMA, the overall requirement would need to be significantly higher.

• Strategy TR-B allocates the lowest number of homes to the principal settlement of Trowbridge, which would affect a continuation of historic delivery of dwellings at the town. This strategy would, however, also mean that the remaining housing requirement would be distributed more evenly across the HMA which is considered more likely to result in greater positive effects than Strategies TR-A and TR-C, in terms of the provision of affordable homes. For this reason, Strategy TR-B is the preferred option. TR-C would be the least likely to provide affordable homes where they are most needed.

• In Bradford on Avon the house price to earnings ratio has risen significantly from 9.84 in 2008 to 14.04 in 2017. The town is also highly constrained by Green Belt, considerably limiting land available for housing development. It is unclear whether the affordability ratio would be significantly affected given modest growth proposed in any of the strategies. The provision of affordable housing at Bradford on Avon should be prioritised to meet identified needs, perhaps through application of a specific affordable housing policy requirement for the town that is higher than for other parts of Wiltshire, subject to viability testing.

• At Trowbridge, strategies TR-A and TR-C are both likely to have significant benefits for this objective, but the reduced quanta under TR-B would only be likely to have minor benefits. However, TR-B, proposing higher growth at Westbury, is likely to have significant benefits for Westbury.

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• At Warminster, the strategies effectively tie growth to current levels of commitments or only provide a small number of additional dwellings. Such modest numbers would, therefore, be likely to have only minor positive or neutral effects on the supply of affordable homes and there would need to be a significant increase to increase the benefits at Warminster.

• For the Rest of the HMA (the rural area), affordability ratios are higher which reflects the limited supply of homes at large and small villages in recent years, relative to higher tier settlements. Across all strategies, the proposed requirements are only likely to have minor benefits at most and provision would need to be significantly higher to make any real difference to affordability. A continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth at small and large villages is therefore likely to exacerbate affordability issues in rural parts of the HMA. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to be small. A rural facilities survey should be undertaken to identify where the provision of homes could be targeted to help support the vitality of rural settlements in the HMA.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Maximise opportunities within the most deprived areas? Within the Trowbridge HMA there are areas of deprivation in Trowbridge and Westbury. There is a risk of social isolation among older people at all of the settlements in this HMA.

Trowbridge contains areas of high deprivation, with 15% of the local population living in areas of high deprivation. Additionally, a higher than Wiltshire wide average number of children and young people live in low-income families.

Westbury has pockets which suffer from deprivation, with 8% of the residents living in areas of high deprivation. Additionally, a higher than Wiltshire wide average number of children and young people live in low-income families and a higher than average rate of 0-25 years olds supported by Children’s social care.

Warminster is subject to a higher than average rate of 0 to 25-year olds supported by children’s social care.

DAQ 2: Be accessible to educational, health, amenity greenspace, community and town centre facilities which are able to cope with the additional demand? The three secondary schools in Trowbridge may be at or exceeding capacity from existing planned housing by 2026, a new secondary school may be secured as part of the known development at Ashton Park, but additional land would be needed to meet the needs of further development. New primary provision is expected to be required, although there is limited scope to expand existing provision. There are high levels of investment planned in health services in Trowbridge, although the GP capacity gap is pronounced. The Trowbridge area had the highest gap in provision in the Wiltshire CCG in September 2016 (-1,050m2). The gap is expected to increase to -1,215m2 by 2026.

A Bradford on Avon there is an issue with GP capacity (-177m2 in 2016), but this is expected to decrease by 2026. The main issue with any development in this settlement is that there is no existing primary and secondary school capacity in Bradford on Avon and limited scope to increase provision. Additionally, St Laurence Academy is currently serving residents of Trowbridge and additional housing in Bradford on Avon could increase demand for school places in Trowbridge.

Warminster requires a significant amount of development to address the secondary school capacity issues. In meeting the current demand, a site for a new school is looking to be secured as of Aug 2019. Primary provision is expected to be at capacity following military moves, with little ability to expand existing provision and additional provision is expected to be delivered though the West Urban Extension. Substantial levels of development would be needed to support a new secondary or primary school, in addition to limited site options. However, there is a small GP capacity gap for Warminster, which is expected to increase to -204m2 by 2026.

Westbury is likely to require expansion of Matravers School to meet any new demands for up to 1000 additional homes, although there is some existing capacity at present. Primary schools in the area are also subject to some surplus capacity, but as these places are expected to be filled by known growth, additional primary provision is expected to be required in the near future. Therefore, a limited amount of growth could be accommodated in existing provision, but substantial additional housing would require new provision. With relation to the NHS, the local community hospital has closed and a small GP capacity gap is forecast for 2026 (-30m2).

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DAQ 3: Promote/create public spaces and community facilities that might support public health, civic, cultural, recreational and community functions? For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions to make notable distinctions between the options in relation to public spaces and community facilities. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be directly affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

DAQ 4: Reduce rural isolation, including access to affordable services for those without a car in rural areas? Rural areas suffer from lack of access to services and facilities, so focusing development in the Rest of the HMA areas without promoting services alongside could lead to more isolation. However, housing affordability is an issue in the Rest of the HMA therefore housing development in these areas can potentially address this issue. Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford Low rates of development are not considered to be able to As with TR-A, low rates of development are not considered This strategy proposes a significantly lower level of housing on Avon help overcome existing education and health service to be able to help overcome existing education and health than TR-A and TR-B. However, there should be some capacity issues. However, there should be benefits overall service capacity issues. However, there should be benefits benefits overall in terms of provision of some affordable in terms of new jobs from 1ha employment provision, overall in terms of provision of affordable housing for those housing, new or expanded community/cultural/ recreational provision of some affordable housing for those on low on low incomes or living in inappropriate housing, new or facilities and creation of new areas of public open space that incomes or living in inappropriate housing, new or expanded community/cultural/ recreational facilities and could help reduce social isolation and allow physical expanded community/cultural/ recreational facilities and creation of new areas of public open space that could help exercise. creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more positive reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. Minor positive effects considered likely overall, but less than and promoting more inclusive communities. Minor positive effects considered likely overall. TR-A and TR-B. Minor positive effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Trowbridge This level of growth may place additional pressures on This level of growth may place additional pressures on This level of growth may place additional pressures on existing services and facilities – there is currently existing services and facilities – there is currently significant existing services and facilities – there is currently significant significant pressure on health and education facilities in pressure on health and education facilities in the town. pressure on health and education facilities in the town. the town. However, it should also have benefits in terms of However, it should also have benefits in terms of provision However, it should also have benefits in terms of provision of provision of affordable housing and new or expanded of affordable housing and new or expanded affordable housing and new or expanded education/community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and education/community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and education/community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help creation of new areas of public open space that could help creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Warminster Warminster requires a significant amount of development Warminster requires a significant amount of development to Warminster requires a significant amount of development to to address the secondary school capacity issues. This address the secondary school capacity issues. This address the secondary school capacity issues. This strategy, strategy, like all others, proposes a proportionately low strategy, like all others, proposes a proportionately low level like all others, proposes a proportionately low level of level of growth. of growth. growth.

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However, it should also have some benefits in terms of However, it should also have some benefits in terms of However, it should also have some benefits in terms of provision of affordable housing and new or expanded provision of affordable housing and new or expanded provision of affordable housing and new or expanded education/community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and education/community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and education/community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help creation of new areas of public open space that could help creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Westbury Proportionately low levels of growth are proposed for Strategy TR-B proposes significantly higher levels of growth Proportionately low levels of growth are proposed for Westbury. Development could help overcome issues of at Westbury proportionate to the settlement. Higher levels Westbury. Development could help overcome issues of deprivation and an emerging GP capacity gap. School of development at Westbury could help overcome issues of deprivation and an emerging GP capacity gap. School expansion/additional provision may be required to meet deprivation and an emerging GP capacity gap. expansion/additional provision may be required to meet the the needs of new development beyond 2026. it should have significant benefits in terms of provision of needs of new development beyond 2026. This strategy, similar to TR-C, and with no employment, is affordable housing and new or expanded education/ This strategy, similar to TR-A, and with no employment, is unlikely to have significant benefits for this objective. community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and creation of unlikely to have significant benefits for this objective. However, it should have some benefits in terms of new areas of public open space that could help reduce However, it should have some benefits in terms of provision provision of affordable housing and new or expanded social isolation and allow physical exercise. of affordable housing and new or expanded education/ education/ community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and New development is considered likely to be more positive community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and creation of creation of new areas of public open space that could help than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation new areas of public open space that could help reduce reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. and promoting more inclusive communities. social isolation and allow physical exercise. New development is considered likely to be more positive Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of There is an opportunity for growth in rural areas to lead to There is an opportunity for growth in rural areas to lead to There is an opportunity for growth in rural areas to lead to HMA increased access to services and facilities, reducing rural increased access to services and facilities, reducing rural increased access to services and facilities, reducing rural isolation and some additional affordable housing, but there isolation and some additional affordable housing, but there isolation and some additional affordable housing, but there is is a degree of uncertainty at this stage regarding the is a degree of uncertainty at this stage regarding the a degree of uncertainty at this stage regarding the location of location of development. location of development. development. New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more positive This strategy has the largest amount of scope to lead to a than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation positive effect on the Rest of the HMA. and promoting more inclusive communities, but benefits and promoting more inclusive communities, but benefits are Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. are not likely to be significant. not likely to be significant. Overall, minor positive effects are likely. Overall, minor positive effects are likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Average 1.2 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1.4 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1.4 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive score for effects on Objective 9. effects on Objective 9. effects on Objective 9. this SA objective

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Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, all strategies are likely to have minor positive effects against this objective. However, Strategies TR-B and TR-C are considered to be the most sustainable options as they will lead to the greater number of benefits overall.

• Strategy TR-A is considered to be the least sustainable option as it will lead to fewer benefits overall.

• Strategies that distribute higher levels of growth to different areas e.g. TR-A to Trowbridge, TR-B to Westbury and TR-C to the Rest of the HMA are likely to have greater benefits. However, these levels of higher growth are distributed between all of the strategies which is why they score so similarly, and growth is not of a scale where significant changes are likely to occur in any area. There are opportunities within all strategies to support and improve the health and wellbeing of communities, reduce poverty and deprivation and lead to more inclusive communities.

• At Trowbridge, all strategies have relatively high development focused on the town, which means all strategies promote development which is likely to benefit from good access to the services/facilities that Trowbridge offers and could help support areas of deprivation. Significant benefits are likely for all strategies, although no employment provision is proposed which would increase benefits against this objective. At this stage, evidence suggests that new secondary school provision can be supported by higher levels of growth in Trowbridge or Westbury. Strategies TR-A and TR-C are more capable of supporting a new school at Trowbridge.

• Strategies should take the opportunity to invest in health services and facilities, where possible. This is particularly important in the Trowbridge area as there is a substantial GP capacity gap.

• At Bradford on Avon, the low rates of development proposed for all strategies are not considered to be able to help overcome existing education and health service capacity issues. However, there should be benefits overall and TR-A proposes a small amount of employment provision. For significant benefits to occur at the town, however, a significantly higher level of growth, both housing and employment, would need to be allocated.

• Strategy TR-B proposes the highest level of growth at Westbury, and this strategy is considered to be the only strategy likely to have significant benefits and also capable of supporting new secondary school provision at the town. Development in Westbury is likely to require the expansion of the existing secondary school and there are limited opportunities to do this, although there is some existing surplus capacity. This level of development could help overcome issues of deprivation and an emerging GP capacity gap. School expansion/additional provision is likely to be required to meet the needs of new development beyond 2026.

• Warminster requires a significant amount of development to address school capacity issues, although no strategy facilitates this as they all propose low levels of growth. In order to achieve greater benefits against this objective, growth rates at Warminster would need to be significantly higher for all strategies.

• Development in the Rest of the HMA, where higher levels are proposed through Strategy TR-C, is considered to have significant benefits on this objective. There is an opportunity for growth in rural areas to lead to increased access to services and facilities, reducing rural isolation and some additional affordable housing, but there is a degree of uncertainty at this stage regarding the location of development. TR-C has the greatest scope to lead to benefits for rural communities.

• Increasing levels of growth in all settlements/areas, providing there is commensurate investment in infrastructure, services and facilities, is likely to have a positive effect on this objective. New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities

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• For new development to be effective in reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities, it will be very important that all new housing development includes a range of house types/tenures and a level of affordable housing that will actually help reduce the affordability ratio, which is particularly high in Bradford on Avon and in the rural parts of the HMA. All new development should provide the essential services and facilities that are needed to avoid increasing pressure on existing services and also reduces the need to travel and reduces out- commuting.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Each of the main settlements within this HMA possess both a rail link and bus travel options as alternatives to private car travel. When looking at the rest of the HMA, many of these locations are positioned in less accessible locations than the market towns and principal settlements and may increase the reliance on the private car, often being positioned further away from many amenities or public transport services.

Bradford on Avon hosts a largely historic road layout offering some narrow roads with a single river crossing for the A363. These factors can lead to congestion at peak periods. Mitigation measures to combat this appear to be limited at this stage.

The highway network within Trowbridge suffers from peak hour congestion in the town centre and into key destinations. In terms of known likely mitigation, a Trowbridge Transport Strategy has been developed that highlights key junction improvements within Trowbridge and along the A350.

Within Warminster pressure currently exists on east to west routes via Warminster town centre as only two routes currently facilitate this internal movement. This pressure is also elevated by the town centres linear high street, resulting in cross-town traffic problems. AM and PM peak hour delays also occur on the B3414 High Street / Market Place and Station Road impacting travel time reliability.

Westbury’s main transport link is comprised of the A350 which suffers from peak time congestion on its route through the town centre causing local social and environmental impacts. Peak hour delays on the A350 and into key destinations can impact travel time reliability.

DAQ 3: Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure?

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The below observations provide a brief strategic overview of certain elements of the existing transport infrastructure in each broad location that could be utilised sustainably if growth were to take place. At this stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable observations on the precise potential efficient use or impacts upon the existing transport infrastructure. More detailed assessment will be possible at the site assessment stage where the potential for utilisation or improvements to the existing transport infrastructure will become clearer.

Highway accessibility within Bradford on Avon mainly lies with the A363 running through the town providing links to surrounding settlements and linkages to the A4 and A350. A number of radial B roads also connect the town to other surrounding settlements. Rail and bus options, depending on the location of development, could offer suitable alternatives to private car travel.

Trowbridge, in highway terms, provides accessibility to the wider transport network via the A350 and the A361. Rail and bus options, depending on the location of development, could offer suitable alternatives to private car travel.

Warminster lies on the A36 / A350 providing direct links to west Wiltshire, Bath, Salisbury and the south coast. The A36 provides a bypass for Warminster and alleviates the majority of through traffic while most of the town is subject to a 7.5 tonne weight restriction. Rail and bus services offer opportunities to provide alternatives to private car travel.

Accessibility in Westbury largely lies with the A350 primary route. Rail and bus services offer opportunities to provide alternatives to private car travel.

The often rural nature of the Rest of the HMA leads to a large variance in the nature and availability of transport infrastructure, both in public transport and highway terms. Existing sustainable transport infrastructure in the rest of the HMA is often limited due to the remote location of certain areas with infrequent public transport services and accessibility. Efficient use of existing transport systems in these locations is consequently more likely to be constrained by the lack of current infrastructure.

Bradford on Avon hosts rail and bus services that are well utilised which is reflected by the comparatively high modal share of rail usage in the community area and the commercially strong 265 bus service. These services, namely those to outlying settlements, can be limited unless they lie on key routes while rail services don’t connect directly to Chippenham or Swindon. This highlights a couple of areas that could, depending on the viability of such measures, provide future opportunities. In terms of active travel, the volume of traffic together with the narrow streets and footways can provide for a less appealing pedestrian environment. This in combination with the historic fabric of the town, hilly topography and environmental constraints (River Avon, Kennet and Avon Canal and railway line) may reduce the number of opportunities to enhance the active travel options within the town. Opportunities that do exist include; the Wiltshire Cycleway (on road leisure route); the cycle route along the A363 between Bradford on Avon and Trowbridge; National Cycle Network route 4 following the Kennet and Avon Canal Towpath.

Existing sustainable transport services within Trowbridge include bus links to locations within and outside of the town and the railway station offering links, including trans Wiltshire links. Both the bus and rail service provide opportunity to further enhance sustainable transport usage into the future. Pedestrian links include National Cycle Network route 4 which passes through Trowbridge along the Kennet and Avon canal tow path with further opportunities being outlined within the Trowbridge Town Cycle Network plan.

Enhancing sustainable transport options in Warminster include options to enhance the bus routes, already offering services to west Wiltshire, Bath and Salisbury along with the town bus service linking those areas lying away from the inter-urban routes. Similarly, Warminster rail station provides good connectivity within and beyond the county. From a pedestrian perspective National Cycle Network route 24 passes through the south area of the town comprising a mixture of on-road routes, quieter roads, rights of way and permissive routes. The Warminster Town Cycle Network plan focuses on the town and extends to most areas and urban extensions.

Westbury hosts bus links from most of the residential areas to the town centre and surrounding settlements while also acts as a significant rail hub. This railway link is situated about 1.3km from the town centre and bus network connectivity to this service could be improved, both of which offer opportunities for enhancement of the public transport offer in Westbury. The pedestrian environment in Westbury is impacted upon by the A350 and Station Road which provide a poor walking and cycling environment. The severance caused by the Westbury Avoiding Line (rail route) and the rail routes

Page | 272 through the station result in poor connectivity between the residential parts of Westbury and the major business sites. The Westbury Town Cycle Network plan focuses on the town and highlights opportunities.

Within the Rest of the HMA there is relatively poor cycle network provision in the rural hinterland and while settlements are connected by Public Rights of Way, the quality and visibility of these routes vary. The bus services are often limited or in-frequent, particularly in more sparsely populated rural areas, though it is acknowledged that growth of towns and villages may offer he opportunity to make some public transport services more viable to these areas. Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford TR-A is one of the strategies directing comparatively TR-B is one of the strategies directing comparatively more TR-C directs proportionately and comparatively low levels of on Avon more housing growth to Bradford on Avon (although still housing growth to Bradford on Avon (although still housing growth to Bradford on Avon. TR-C directs proportionately low) along with 1ha employment. This proportionately low). This level of development is assessed proportionately and comparatively low levels of housing level of development is assessed as having a likely as having a likely minor adverse effect against this objective growth to Bradford on Avon. Given the low figure this level of minor adverse effect against this objective with with mitigation to alleviate further congestion and the ability to development is assessed as having a likely neutral effect mitigation to alleviate further congestion and the ability maximise active travel appearing more complex at this stage. against this objective at this stage. to maximise active travel appearing more complex at this stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: neutral Trowbridge Focusing development at Trowbridge may take Proportionately less growth is focussed on Trowbridge Focusing this proportionately moderate level of growth at advantage of key sustainable transport services, however the figure remains relatively high. Focusing this level Trowbridge may take advantage of key sustainable transport however given Trowbridge town centre suffers from of development here may take advantage of key services services, however given Trowbridge town centre suffers from peak time delays the subsequent impact this level of however given Trowbridge town centre suffers from peak peak time delays the subsequent impact this level of development may have on congestion and subsequently time delays the subsequent impact this level of development development may have on congestion and subsequently both private and public transport must be considered. may have on congestion and subsequently both private and both private and public transport must be considered. Given the level of growth is relatively high and the public transport must be considered. Given the mitigation measures remain unclear at this stage, mitigation measures remain unclear at this stage, this With mitigation and likely effects of this level of growth this location for growth is currently assessed as having a location for growth is currently assessed as having a remaining unclear, this location for growth is currently moderate adverse effect against this objective. moderate adverse effect against this objective. assessed as having a moderate adverse effect against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster At Warminster this strategy effectively ties growth to the While marginally higher, a proportionately low level of growth At Warminster this strategy effectively ties growth to the current level of commitments. Growth at this is proposed at Warminster. Growth at this proportionately low current level of commitments. Growth at this proportionately proportionately low level is assessed as having a likely level is assessed as having a likely minor adverse effect low level is assessed as having a likely minor adverse effect minor adverse effect against this objective. against this objective. against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury At Westbury this proportionately lower level of The higher level of proportionate growth being focussed on At Westbury this proportionately lower level of development development is currently assessed as having a minor Westbury is currently assessed as having a moderate is currently assessed as having a minor adverse effect adverse effect against this objective given the ability to adverse effect given the extent to which mitigation can against this objective given the ability to mitigate additional mitigate additional congestion and maximise sustainable combat additional congestion and maximise sustainability is congestion and maximise sustainable transport usage is transport usage is currently unknown. currently unknown. It is acknowledged that employment currently unknown. growth is also suggested under this strategy for Westbury, while it could be argued this may provide an opportunity to

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increase self-containment and reduce out-commuting, precise assessment of this effect is not yet possible. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of A continuation of the current levels of growth in the rest While relatively low growth continues to be identified for the Focusing a higher level of growth, both housing and HMA of HMA may place growth in locations with reduced rest of HMA, growth in these locations may place employment, in rest of HMA may place development in access to sustainable modes of transport. For development in locations with reduced access to sustainable locations with reduced access to sustainable modes of development to mitigate this effect it would need to modes of transport. For development to mitigate this effect it transport. For development to mitigate this effect it would improve the availability of sustainable transport provision would need to improve the availability of sustainable transport need to improve the availability of sustainable transport and accessibility. Given the extent to which this is provision and accessibility. provision and accessibility. This relatively moderate level of possible remains unclear at this stage. This level of Given the extent to which this is possible remains unclear at growth in combination with the uncertainty over the growth in the Rest of HMA is assessed as having a this stage. This level of growth in the Rest of HMA is geographical location of growth and the level to which minor adverse effect against this objective. assessed as having a minor adverse effect against this sustainability may be achieved means this level of growth in objective. these locations is currently assessed as having a moderate adverse effect against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.2 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse -1.4 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse -1.2 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor adverse score for effects on this objective – similar to Strategy TR-C. effects on this objective, although adverse effects will be effects on this objective - similar to Strategy TR-A. this SA greater than the other two strategies due to likely significant effects at Trowbridge and Westbury under this strategy objective Conclusions/Recommendations:

• Whilst all strategies are considered likely to have minor adverse effects overall, based on scores across all settlements/areas, Strategies TR-A and TR-C score equally and are considered the most sustainable strategies against this objective. Both strategies are considered likely to have fewer adverse effects than strategy TR-B.

• Strategy TR-B is considered the least sustainable option as it is considered to have greater adverse effects overall – this is due to the likelihood of significant adverse effects at Trowbridge and Westbury.

• Transport issues within the Trowbridge HMA are largely focussed on trying to maximise the use and availability of sustainable modes of transport along with managing levels of congestion on strategic routes and in town centres. This can impact upon private and public transport, as well as impacting the strategic role of key routes running through each location. Overall, the level of growth proposed across the strategies is considered likely to increase traffic levels generally, and the impact of this must be taken into consideration when considering options moving forward.

• Trowbridge - has been identified as having a relatively high level of growth across all the strategies. As has been highlighted, Trowbridge benefits from good strategic transport links along with access to a wide range of sustainable transport services. While it is beneficial to locate development in such locations, the significance of effect for all strategies is reflective of the level of risk that comes with this level of growth in a town that has been identified as suffering from peak time congestion on some key strategic routes. Likely effects are somewhat uncertain given the acknowledgment that mitigation could manage this level of growth to ensure congestion is managed and sustainability maximised. Equally the uncertainty reflects that assessment is likely to change once further detail emerges around the sustainability of development in transport terms and the mitigation possible that may vary in different locations.

• Westbury – proposed growth varies significantly in Strategy TR-B which is considerably higher than the other strategies. Westbury is located on the A350 primary route which passes through the town centre causing delays on the current road layout. While bus and rail services are available, this congestion can impact on both private and public transport provision. The options identifying proportionately lower levels of growth at Westbury, namely TR-A and TR-C, while having a lower assessed impact against this objective, may preclude the viability of highway improvement measures that can sometimes come with larger levels of growth. Similarly, while the impact of the relatively higher level of growth identified in TR-B has been identified as significant, this is

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associated with the risk that comes with this level of development to a town struggling with congestion on a primary route. This uncertainty reflects that the assessment is likely to change once further detail emerges around the sustainability of development in transport terms and the mitigation possible that can vary in different locations with differing levels of development.

• Bradford on Avon - is identified as having congestion problems on the A363 with the historic fabric of the town, its hilly topography and environmental constraints not only precluding clear road infrastructure mitigation but also restricting active travel connectivity. Although bus and rail services offer sustainable transport options within the town. With these factors in mind, and the impact further development may have on; the road network; the reliability of sustainable transport; and the poor pedestrian environment, the levels of development suggested within strategies TR-A and TR-B are currently assessed as having likely negative effects. The low level of development in association with the sustainable transport options available offer the opportunity to manage impacts through sustainability methods. However, the impact on the restricted road network would need to be carefully monitored.

• Low levels of growth are proposed at Warminster across all the options. Warminster presents good public transport provision by rail and bus. Growth at this level is unlikely to have significant impacts however it will need to be monitored against the risk factors present including town centre and peak hour traffic congestion effecting private and public transport.

• While growth in the Rest of the HMA, with higher levels in strategy TR-C, places development away from established sustainable transport provision, development here may facilitate and improve the viability of new sustainable transport options reaching more rural communities. At this stage, development in these locations has been assessed negatively against this objective (moderately so at higher levels) mainly due to the likelihood that it will not make efficient use of existing sustainable transport infrastructure and may increase private car usage. However further work establishing the level of development required in certain locations to facilitate investment and improvements in sustainable transport options may change this assessment and clarify the sustainability of the rest of HMA, hence some uncertainty regarding the assessments at this stage.

• It Is considered key to locate development at locations that make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure and can facilitate advancements in the use of sustainable transport. Therefore, favourable locations should be in well-connected areas that benefit from good accessibility to a wide range of sustainable transport options, or in locations that can facilitate improvements in such factors. Significant new highway infrastructure may be necessary in Bradford on Avon, Trowbridge, Warminster and Westbury along with the rest of the HMA if certain levels of growth are seen.

• Development should contribute to improving sustainable transport networks; this includes linking town centres with development sites as well as linking settlements together. Strong investment may be required to improve public transport services and safe walking/cycling links, particularly within the town centres.

• Mixed-use development proposals are recommended as this will help increase self-containment and reduce need to travel.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)? The relationship with the town centre, and its immediate and wider rural context, is complex and will also rely on trade from retail and non-retail businesses. Additional growth will inevitably contribute, to some extent, to the vitality and viability of town centres. At this stage, in the absence of specific site options to consider, the proximity of future housing and employment development to the town centres cannot be determined and therefore will not be considered as part of this high-level assessment but will be assessed at later stages.

DAQ 2: Provide a variety of employment land to meet all needs, including those for higher skilled employment uses that are (or can be made) easily accessible by sustainable transport? The Local Plan Review is at an early stage of preparation and, consequently, details of the distribution and range of employment uses that will be provided is not known. Therefore, for this high-level stage of appraisal it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options against this objective. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of employment land and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

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The extent that strategies can promote a balance between residential and employment development will, in part, depend on the existing provision in terms of housing stock and employment uses, the relationship between them, and the relationship/connectivity of a settlement with other parts of the HMA/FEMA (which themselves are strongly influenced by travel to work areas) and adjacent areas. The provision of employment development in isolation could, for example, be more likely to lead to an increase in travel distances but not necessarily if it was located in an area of relatively higher rates of unemployment. The same might apply in areas where employment vacancies are high, or jobs are expected to increase. This will, however, depend on the extent that the skills base of the unemployed in the local area match that provided by any new employers.

Of the total need of 182ha of employment land identified in the FEMA, a substantial proportion can be met from existing operational employment sites and site allocations leaving 26ha to be met from additional allocations across the county. The residual requirement for employment land for the Trowbridge HMA is 1ha. Due to the extent of existing employment provision, none of the three strategies would be likely to result in major positive or negative effects, as the vast majority is already being met by current employment sites or existing commitments.

Employment allocations are often subject to speculative housing applications and therefore at risk of loss during the plan period.

At Trowbridge total employment has steadily declined since 2009. There is a high concentration of jobs in public administration & defence. A lack of employment development is highlighted in the JSF profile. Recent investments include the St Stephen’s Place leisure/food/retail developments, the new HQ offices for Hitachi CVS, and Apetito’s programme at Canal Road. White Horse Business Park is again nearing full occupancy, with only one undeveloped plot. The Functional Economic Market Area Assessment states that there is a net additional sq m floor space requirement of approx. 30,000m2 for (A1), 980 (A2) and 9,200m2 (A3-5) within the A350 FEMA for 2016-36. The study anticipates this growth is accommodated primarily at town centres. With Trowbridge the largest town centre, and a higher number of shop vacancies compared with other Wiltshire market towns, findings support a need for additional town centre comparison goods retail investment. There is a very limited supply of employment sites and premises available in Trowbridge to accommodate economic growth potential.

At Bradford on Avon the total number of jobs jumped significantly in 2014-15, having previously stagnated. There is a high concentration of jobs in accommodation & food services, as reflected in the JSF. 2017 saw the construction of a new HQ and production facility for R&D-led automotive business Anthony Best Dynamics as part of the Kingston Farm mixed-use development. There is a low level of unemployment at the town. There are currently limited alternative employment sites available for businesses to locate or existing businesses to expand.

At Westbury total employment has stagnated since 2009. There is a high concentration of jobs in transportation & storage, and noticeable concentrations in manufacturing and construction. Welton Bibby & Baron have invested significantly at their WWTE site following relocation to the area. There has been significant investment into Hawke Ridge Business Park, located next to the A350 between Westbury and Trowbridge. There is a low level of unemployment at the town.

At Warminster, total employment has stagnated since 2009. There is a noticeable concentration of jobs in education, health & social work, and manufacturing. Planning permission to deliver several new business starter and industrial units was granted on Warminster Business Park last year, which would see the creation of over 40,000 sq ft of new B use space in the town. The town has low levels of unemployment but there is a very limited supply of employment sites and premises available in Warminster.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus)

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Area Bradford on Under this strategy 1ha of additional employment land Under this strategy no additional employment land would be Under this strategy no additional employment land would be Avon would be allocated at Bradford on Avon. The additional allocated at Bradford on Avon. Due to the small number of allocated at Bradford on Avon. Due to the small number of employment land available for new and expanding homes allocated to the town the effects of this strategy are homes allocated to the town the effects of this strategy are businesses is limited in scale but this would be likely to be positive for the town. likely to be positive. consistent with constraints and the relatively low level of The small amount of housing proposed will help to support The small amount of housing proposed will help to support additional homes being proposed for the town. local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased The affordability ratio for housing is high for BoA so the supply of local labour. supply of local labour. resultant effect would, to some extent, be dependent on Overall this strategy is predicted to result in minor positive Overall this strategy is predicted to result in minor positive the type of employment delivered i.e. whether the effects at the town. effects at the town. However, these benefits will be less than employees could afford to live near to where they work. for TR-A and TR-B. Consequently, this strategy is predicted to result in a minor positive effect on travel to work distances. The small amount of housing proposed will help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. TR-A is likely to have minor positive effects overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Trowbridge Under this strategy no additional employment land Under this strategy no additional employment land would be Under this strategy no additional employment land would be would be required at Trowbridge, the same as for TR-B required at Trowbridge, the same as for TR-A and TR-C. required at Trowbridge, the same as for TR-A and TR-B. and TR-C. Given the outstanding residual requirement Given the outstanding residual requirement of only 1ha Given the outstanding residual requirement of only 1ha of only 1ha across the HMA, the supply of outstanding across the HMA, the supply of outstanding and existing across the HMA, the supply of outstanding and existing and existing commitments is likely to be sufficient to commitments is likely to be sufficient to balance the housing commitments is likely to be sufficient to balance the housing balance the housing growth proposed against this growth proposed against this strategy. This would, however, growth proposed against this strategy. This would, however, strategy. This would, however, depend on existing depend on existing commitments being retained and depend on existing commitments being retained and commitments being retained and delivered. delivered. delivered. The significantly increased level of housing under this The significantly lower level of housing under this strategy The housing allocation for this strategy is marginally lower strategy will help to support local businesses, the town will still help to support local businesses, the town centre and than for TR-A but higher than TR-B. The level of housing centre and provide a significantly increased supply of provide an increased supply of local labour. However, under this strategy will help to support local businesses, the local labour. benefits will not be as significant as for TR-A and TR-C. town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. Overall, even though no additional employment is Overall, moderate positive effects are likely from this level of However, benefits will not be as significant as for TR-A. proposed, major positive effects are likely from this level growth. Overall, moderate positive effects are likely from this level of of housing growth at the town. growth Likely effects: major positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Warminster At Warminster no additional employment land would be At Warminster no additional employment land would be At Warminster no additional employment land would be allocated at the town. However, it is assumed that allocated at the town. However, it is assumed that existing allocated at the town. However, it is assumed that existing existing commitments would be broadly sufficient to commitments would be broadly sufficient to provide balanced commitments would be broadly sufficient to provide balanced provide balanced growth for the town. growth for the town. growth for the town. The relatively small amount of housing under this The relatively small amount of housing under this strategy The relatively small amount of housing under this strategy, strategy will help to support local businesses, the town which is a slight increase over TR-A and TR-C will help to the same as TR-A, will help to support local businesses, the centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. support local businesses, the town centre and provide an town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. increased supply of local labour.

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Providing that existing commitments are delivered for Providing that existing commitments are delivered for Providing that existing commitments are delivered for employment uses, this strategy would be likely to lead employment uses, this strategy would be likely to lead to employment uses, this strategy would be likely to lead to to minor positive effects on this objective. minor positive effects on this objective. minor positive effects on this objective. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Westbury Under this strategy there would be no additional Under this strategy there would be 1ha additional Under this strategy there would be no additional employment employment land allocated at Westbury. Whilst there is employment land allocated at Westbury but also a land allocated at Westbury. Whilst there is a relatively low a relatively low housing requirement, it is assumed significantly higher level of housing compared to Strategies housing requirement, it is assumed (from the FEMA (from the FEMA evidence) that existing commitments TR-A and TR-C. Although this represents the largest evidence) that existing commitments would be broadly would be broadly sufficient to meet local employment allocation of employment of the three strategies it is relatively sufficient to meet local employment needs for Westbury. needs for Westbury. small scale for a town the size of Westbury. The relatively low level of housing under this strategy which The relatively low level of housing under this strategy The higher number of homes under this strategy will is a slight increase over TR-A will still help to support local will still help to support local businesses, the town significantly help to support local businesses, the town centre businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. and provide an increased supply of local labour. of local labour. It is predicted that this strategy would have minor Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely It is predicted that this strategy would have minor positive positive effects for the town. against this objective. effects for the town. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy no employment land would be allocated Under this strategy 1ha of employment land would be HMA allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean a for the rest of the HMA. This would mean a continuation of allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean an continuation of the existing approach to the provision of the existing approach to the provision of employment land to increase in the existing provision of employment land to employment land to meet local needs in rural areas. meet local needs in rural areas. balance the allocation of additional homes under this The relatively low level of housing under this strategy The higher level of housing under this strategy will help to strategy. will help to support local businesses, village services support local businesses, village services and facilities and The significantly higher level of housing under this strategy and facilities and provide an increased supply of local provide an increased supply of local labour for local will help to support local businesses, village services and labour for local businesses. businesses. facilities and provide an increased supply of local labour for It is likely that this strategy will have minor positive It is likely that this strategy will have minor positive effects. local businesses. effects. However, given that the benefits of this increased growth will be spread out across a wide rural area, benefits are not expected to be significant and this strategy is also likely to have minor positive effects. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.4 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1.4 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive 1.2 Overall, it is likely that there will be minor positive score for effects on this objective. effects on this objective effects on this objective. this SA objective Conclusions/Recommendations: • Overall, Strategies TR-A and TR-B score equally and are the most sustainable strategies as they are likely to have the highest level of benefits across all areas.

• Strategy TR-C is considered the least sustainable option as it is likely to have fewer benefits across all areas.

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• All strategies are likely to have positive effects overall. However, the focus of growth at Trowbridge under TR-A and the focus of growth at Westbury under TR-B are likely to increase the benefits when compared with TR-C. Strategy TR-A directs the employment requirement to where it would be more likely to have a positive effect, i.e. the smaller settlement of Bradford on Avon.

• Outstanding commitments in the Trowbridge HMA are capable of meeting a significant proportion of the need for additional employment land to 2036. Consequently, the differences in the effects of the three strategic options for the distribution of the employment land requirement are limited by the relatively small scale of development (1ha) under consideration.

• The rural focus of growth under TR-C will have benefits for rural areas, but because these will be spread out across a wide rural area, benefits are not expected to be significant. TR-C seeks to balance the additional homes proposed for the rural parts of the HMA which is considered positive, subject to being delivered in suitable locations in line with provision of homes.

• Given the amount of housing allocated to Trowbridge under all strategies, significant benefits are considered likely for all strategies, despite no allocation of employment land. This is because the significant level of housing will help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour.

• The only other strategy considered likely to have significant benefits at a particular place is TR-B for Westbury which makes some employment provision and a significant increase in the level of housing.

• Settlements/areas that combine a higher level of both employment and housing are considered likely to give greater benefits against this objective as both elements help to improve self- containment of settlements and encourage vibrant and diversified places.

• Retention of existing and allocated employment land is often challenging to manage. Consider inclusion of policies that safeguard against incompatible uses or unnecessary loss of employment sites but also set out criteria against which, in exceptional cases, an existing site or allocation that is clearly and demonstrably no longer suitable for employment development can be de-allocated or developed for an alternative use.

• Although there is limited requirement for employment land, it is possible that site allocations for the HMA may be suitable for mixed use development that could result in more than 1ha of additional employment land being identified. Whilst this would increase the options available for businesses looking to expand or relocate in Wiltshire, it could also lead to unintended loss or non- delivery of sustainable employment land elsewhere. This will need to be monitored and taken into consideration during plan preparation.

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Annex I - Trowbridge Housing Market Area (HMA) - Assessment of Alternative Development Strategies (Standard Method)

• Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) – Rolling forward the Core Strategy

• Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) – housing led by growth forecast at Westbury (1,940 homes), growth at Core Strategy rates at Warminster (no change) and Bradford on Avon assessed needs i.e. -4%. Consequential reductions at Trowbridge but still focus for growth (4,920).

• Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) - rest of HMA aligned to past rates of housing (1,095 homes). Warminster reflects assessed needs i.e. -4% and Westbury continues at Core Strategy rates. Reduced at Trowbridge (5,585) and Bradford on Avon (275).

Proposed distribution of housing and employment requirements – Standard Method - Trowbridge HMA

Settlement Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Growth Point) Focus) Housing Employment Housing Employment Housing Employment Bradford on Avon 520 1 520 0 275 0 Trowbridge 5940 0 4920 0 5585 0 Warminster 1675 0 1775 0 1675 0 Westbury 1305 0 1940 1 1395 0 Rest of HMA 580 0 865 0 1095 1 TOTAL 10020 1 10020 1 10025 1

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses.

In Warminster, phosphates in relation to the River Avon SAC, which is also a main contributor to habitat connectivity, have been identified as a potential issue relating to increased growth in the settlement. Furthermore, the Bath and Bradford on Avon SAC buffer lies to the immediate north of the settlement and Salisbury Plain to the east and south. Some areas around Warminster lie within the visitor catchment of the Salisbury Plain SPA and are therefore at risk of recreation pressure.

Some areas in the Rest of the HMA are designated as SSSIs, lie within the buffer zones of SACs and SPAs, or contain important habitats including ancient woodland.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on The Core Strategy Continued proposes relatively The level of growth proposed is commensurate with Core The level of growth proposed is low and significantly lower Avon low levels of growth for Bradford on Avon. The town Strategy Continued (excluding 1 Ha of Employment Land). than the Core Strategy Continued. It is considered that this has a high degree of ecological sensitivity. This Bradford on Avon has a high degree of ecological sensitivity. may be able to be accommodated on a specific site(s) at level of additional growth is likely to lead to This level of additional growth is likely to lead to moderate the town without significant adverse effects, given careful moderate adverse effects. adverse effects. site selection and mitigation.

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Overall, minor adverse effects are considered likely given this lower level of growth. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge The Core Strategy Continued proposes the highest This strategy directs the lowest quantum of growth, Strategy TR-C proposes a moderately high growth quantum of growth for Trowbridge. The town has a significantly lower than the Core Strategy Continued. However, quantum for the town. The town has a high degree of high degree of ecological sensitivity which would Trowbridge has a high degree of ecological sensitivity which ecological sensitivity which would make accommodating make accommodating additional housing on this would make accommodating additional housing on this scale additional housing on this scale challenging. Therefore, scale challenging. challenging. Therefore, moderate adverse effects are likely. moderate adverse effects are likely. Therefore, moderate adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster At Warminster, whilst Core Strategy Continued At Warminster, despite TR-B proposing higher growth At Warminster, despite this strategy proposing a low proposes a moderately low growth quantum, compared to Core Strategy Continued, moderate adverse amount of growth – comparable with Core Strategy moderate adverse effects on biodiversity in relation effects on biodiversity in relation to the River Avon SAC and Continued - moderate adverse effects on biodiversity in to the River Avon SAC and Salisbury Plain SPA Salisbury Plain SPA could occur, dependent on the location of relation to the River Avon SAC and Salisbury Plain SPA could occur, dependent on the location of development. may occur depending on the location of development. development. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury Westbury is relatively unconstrained with regards to Westbury is relatively unconstrained with regards to ecological Minor adverse ecological effects may occur depending on ecological statutory designations. The key issue is statutory designations. The key issue is the south of Westbury the proximity of development to areas which pose a risk to the south of Westbury is within the visitor catchment is within the visitor catchment of the Salisbury Plain SPA, biodiversity. of the Salisbury Plain SPA, therefore development therefore development could lead to additional recreational could lead to additional recreational pressures. pressures. Development could also have some localised Development could also have some localised impacts on other habitats in the short-term. impacts on other habitats in the short-term. There are uncertainties regarding likely effects on biodiversity Minor adverse ecological effects may occur overall but given this increase in growth rates, moderate depending on the proximity of development to areas adverse effects would be anticipated. which pose a risk to biodiversity. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Due to the broad geographical area covered by Due to the broad geographical area covered by Rest of HMA, it This option includes a significantly higher level of growth in HMA Rest of HMA, it may be possible for development to may be possible for development to avoid areas of biodiversity the rest of the HMA than TR-A and TR-B. Therefore, it is avoid areas of biodiversity sensitivity. However as at sensitivity. However as at this stage no sites have been more likely that development will impact on areas of this stage no sites have been identified, minor identified, minor adverse effects on this objective are deemed biodiversity sensitivity. It may be possible for development adverse effects on this objective are deemed likely. likely. to avoid significant adverse effects with this higher level of growth, but impacts are likely to be greater than TR-A and TR-B. Minor effects likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.6 TR-A is likely to lead to moderate adverse -1.8 TR-B is likely to lead to moderate adverse effects due to -1.4 Overall, considering the assessment of all score for effects due to the potential impact of additional the potential impact of additional development on Annex II bat settlements/areas, this strategy is likely to have minor this SA development on Annex II bat species, particularly at species, particularly at the settlements of Trowbridge and adverse effects on this objective. the settlements of Trowbridge and Bradford on Bradford on Avon. objective Avon.

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Conclusions/Recommendations: • Given scoring overall across the various settlements/areas, strategy TR-C is considered the most sustainable option against this objective with the least number of settlements likely to have significant adverse effects from proposed levels of development. Trowbridge and Warminster are considered likely to have moderate adverse effects with mitigation problematic, however mitigation is considered possible if careful consideration is given to the location of any new development and associated infrastructure, and a biodiversity net gain is achieved on all sites.

• Strategy TR-B is considered the least sustainable strategy with the potential for likely significant adverse effects at Trowbridge, Bradford on Avon, Westbury and Warminster due to the ecological constraints they have.

• Bradford on Avon is an important area for bats given its close proximity to the SAC. Moderate adverse effects are likely in the settlement for the two strategies that propose the highest levels of growth. However, adoption of proposed recommendations could mitigate adverse effects.

• Significant growth at Trowbridge may have impacts on the habitats of the Annex II bat species associated with the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, particularly due to recreational impacts on nearby woodlands. While Trowbridge is less constrained than Bradford on Avon with regards to the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC, levels of growth at the settlement proposed across all strategies are high. Therefore, moderate adverse effects for Trowbridge are likely across all scenarios. However, adoption of proposed recommendations, including the adoption of the Trowbridge Bat Mitigation Strategy, could mitigate significant adverse effects.

• Strategies that propose higher levels of growth at Bradford on Avon (TR-A and TR-B) are considered likely to have significant adverse effects which would be difficult to mitigate, as are all strategies for Warminster and Trowbridge. It is recommended that levels of growth are reduced at these three settlements (Bradford on Avon, Trowbridge and Warminster) with growth focussed instead on Westbury and other settlements within the Rest of the HMA. It is recommended that levels of growth are reduced at these three settlements with growth focussed instead on Westbury and other settlements within the Rest of the HMA and that this could be considered as a new strategy that would reduce significant effects against this objective

• Westbury is considered the least constrained of the four settlements in terms of biodiversity and for this reason is considered better able to accommodate a higher level of growth.

• Development across the board should avoid areas of biodiversity sensitivity where possible, particularly important bat habitats such as woodland. Offsetting and habitat creation are likely to be key to enabling any further development where growth poses a risk to bat habitats, particularly in Trowbridge and Bradford on Avon. The adoption of an up-to-date Trowbridge Bat Management Strategy will help to ensure that additional development in the settlement prevents adverse effects. Development should also take the opportunity to improve habitats for bats where necessary, through the creation of woodland blocks and planting of hedgerows and tree lines which would improve habitat connectivity and buffer the effects of increased development.

• Recreation impacts on the Salisbury Plain could be avoided by adopting an up-to-date Salisbury Plain Mitigation Strategy.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Ensure efficient use of land?

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The design of specific developments will involve setting appropriate housing densities for development which will be part of the planning process. The assessment of efficient use of land will be carried out in a more detailed way at the individual site assessment stage within the SA.

DAQ 2: Lead to the reuse of Previously Developed Land where possible/appropriate?

There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land.

Currently four sites have been determined as contaminated land and remediated. The remediation of contaminated land will be principally addressed through the planning process where former sites change their use.

In Trowbridge, the majority of agricultural land bordering the urban area is Grade 3 with some Grade 4 and a small area of Grade 2 in the north east.

While there are areas of Grade 4 and Grade 3 land surrounding Westbury, the south and south east of the town is surrounded by Grade 2 land.

The east of Westbury lies within a Mineral Safeguarding Area.

In the Rest of the HMA there are MSAs, particularly around Bradford on Avon and the east of Westbury.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on Further assessment is needed on any potential impacts This strategy proposes the same level of growth as TR-A While further assessment is needed on any potential Avon associated with the MSA and Mineral Resource Block but with no employment land. Further assessment is impacts associated with the MSA and Mineral Resource at Bradford on Avon, as well as the proportion of Grade needed on any potential impacts associated with the MSA Block at Bradford on Avon, as well as the proportion of 2 land and Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to understand and Mineral Resource Block at Bradford on Avon, as well Grade 2 land and Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to

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the potential loss of BMV agricultural land. As this as the proportion of Grade 2 land and Grade 3a land within understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land, it is strategy proposes the highest amount of comparative Grade 3 to understand the potential loss of BMV considered likely that significant loss of BMV land and housing and employment in Bradford on Avon, the risk agricultural land. The risk of loss of BMV and minerals impacts on the mineral resources could be avoided as this of loss of BMV and minerals safeguarded land in the safeguarded land in the settlement is comparable to strategy proposes a lower level of housing growth settlement is greater than for the other strategies. It is strategy TR-A. It is considered that minor adverse effects proportional to the settlement. However, Bradford on Avon considered that minor adverse effects are likely against are likely against this objective. Bradford on Avon has a has a very low capacity of PDL therefore the loss of this objective. Bradford on Avon has a very low amount very low amount of PDL therefore the loss of greenfield greenfield land is likely. As a result, a minor adverse effect of PDL therefore the loss of greenfield land is likely. land is likely. is considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Further assessment is needed on the proportion of Whilst this strategy proposes the lowest growth further Further assessment is needed on the proportion of Grade Grade 3a land within Grade 3 at Trowbridge to assessment is needed on the proportion of Grade 3a land 3a land within Grade 3 at Trowbridge to understand the understand the potential loss of the best and most within Grade 3 at Trowbridge to understand the potential potential loss of the best and most versatile (BMV) versatile (BMV) agricultural land as well as any loss of the best and most versatile (BMV) agricultural land agricultural land as well as any potential impacts potential impacts associated with the MSA. as well as any potential impacts associated with the MSA. associated with the MSA. It is considered likely that It is considered likely that development could avoid It is considered likely that development could avoid some of development could avoid some of the BMV land and some of the BMV land and significant impacts on the the BMV land and significant impacts on the MSA due to significant impacts on the MSA due to proposing a lower MSA due to proposing a lower level of growth proposing a lower level of growth proportional to the level of growth proportional to the settlement. However, proportional to the settlement. However, despite the settlement. However, despite the lower level of growth despite the lower level of growth through this option, the lower level of growth through this option, the proposed through this option, the proposed significant amount of proposed significant amount of housing at Trowbridge is significant amount of housing at Trowbridge is likely to housing at Trowbridge is likely to result in significant loss of likely to result in significant loss of greenfield land. As a result in significant loss of greenfield land. greenfield land. As a result, moderate adverse effects on result, moderate adverse effects on this objective are As a result, moderate adverse effects on this objective this objective are considered likely. considered likely. are considered likely. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Further assessment is needed on any potential impacts Further assessment is needed on any potential impacts Further assessment is needed on any potential impacts associated with the MSA at Warminster, as well as the associated with the MSA at Warminster, as well as the associated with the MSA at Warminster, as well as the proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to understand proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to understand understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land. the potential loss of BMV agricultural land. Warminster has the potential loss of BMV agricultural land. Warminster has Warminster has a very low capacity of PDL so the a very low capacity of PDL so the significant loss of a very low capacity of PDL so the significant loss of significant loss of greenfield land is likely. greenfield land is likely. greenfield land is likely. Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for Overall, moderate adverse effects are considered likely for for all strategies at Warminster as the quantum of all strategies at Warminster as the quantum of growth is all strategies at Warminster as the quantum of growth is growth is similar. similar. similar. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury This strategy proposes a moderate level of growth This strategy proposes the highest level of growth of the This strategy proposes a moderate level of growth proportional to Westbury. As a result, while further three strategies. As a result, while further assessment is proportional to Westbury. As a result, while further assessment is needed on any potential impacts needed on any potential impacts associated with the MSA assessment is needed on any potential impacts associated associated with the MSA at Westbury, as well as the at Westbury, as well as the proportion of Grade 3a land with the MSA at Westbury, as well as the proportion of proportion of Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to within Grade 3 to understand the potential loss of BMV Grade 3a land within Grade 3 to understand the potential understand the potential loss of BMV agricultural land, agricultural land, there is a risk that moderate adverse loss of BMV agricultural land, there is a risk that minor there is a risk that minor adverse effects can occur as effects can occur as Westbury has a very low capacity of adverse effects can occur as Westbury has a very low Westbury has a very low capacity of PDL so the loss of PDL so the loss of greenfield land is likely. Furthermore, capacity of PDL so the loss of greenfield land is likely.

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greenfield land is likely. Furthermore, this strategy this strategy proposes the highest level of comparative Furthermore, this strategy proposes the lower level of proposes the lower level of comparative growth at growth at Westbury so the risk of adverse effects occurring comparative growth at Westbury so the risk of minor Westbury so the risk of minor adverse effects occurring is higher compared to the other strategies. adverse effects occurring is lowest compared to the other is lowest compared to the other strategies. strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is possible Due to the broad area in the Rest of the HMA, it is possible HMA possible for development to avoid areas of BMV and for development to avoid areas of BMV and minerals for development to avoid areas of BMV and minerals minerals safeguarded land. The majority of the Rest of safeguarded land. As the majority of the Rest of the HMA is safeguarded land. However, as the majority of the Rest of the HMA is classified as Grade 3 BMV land, further classified as Grade 3 land, further assessment would be the HMA is classified as Grade 3 land, further assessment assessment would be needed to distinguish the areas needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and Grade 3b would be needed to distinguish the areas of Grade 3a and of Grade 3a and Grade 3b to understand the extent of to understand the extent of BMV land. Regardless, due to Grade 3b to understand the extent of BMV land. This BMV land. Regardless, due to the likely loss of the likely loss of greenfield land, minor adverse effects are option proposes a significantly higher level of growth than greenfield land, minor adverse effects are likely. likely. This strategy proposes an intermediate level of TR-A and TR-B and as a result, this strategy is likely to growth to rolling forward the current strategy and therefore have moderate adverse effects. a more significant effect would be likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.4 At this stage no sites have been allocated which -1.6 At this stage no sites have been allocated which -1.6 At this stage no sites have been allocated which score for makes it difficult to advise how a particular development makes it difficult to advise how a particular development makes it difficult to advise how a particular development this SA strategy will affect this objective. While there may be strategy will affect this objective. While there may be strategy will affect this objective. While there may be developable areas in each settlement which are able to developable areas in each settlement which are able to developable areas in each settlement which are able to objective avoid BMV land, overall, there is likely to be a minor avoid BMV land, overall, there are likely to be moderate avoid BMV land, overall, there are likely to be moderate adverse effect on SA objective 2 due to the loss of adverse effects on SA objective 2 due to the loss of adverse effects on SA objective 2 due to the loss of greenfield land. greenfield land. greenfield land. Conclusions/Recommendations: • Strategy TR-A is considered likely to have less adverse effects across the range of settlements/areas and is the most sustainable strategy. However, moderate adverse effects are still anticipated at Trowbridge and Warminster.

• Strategies TR-B and TR-C score equally and are considered less sustainable strategies than TR-A against this objective as there are likely to be greater adverse effects (significant effects) against this objective.

• It is considered that all strategies for Trowbridge and Warminster are likely to have significant adverse effects against this objective as a significantly higher quantum of growth is directed to each settlement and it is likely that much of this will need to take place on greenfield sites on the edge of the towns, given the relative lack of PDL opportunities. In particular, Warminster has a high proportion of known BMV land (Grade 1 and Grade 2) surrounding the settlement, Westbury has a large amount of known BMV land to the south as well as Mineral Safeguarding Areas (MSAs) to the east, and Bradford on Avon lies within an MSA.

• There is a lack of previously developed land (PDL) across the HMA. Therefore, all strategies are likely to result in the loss of greenfield land and will potentially lead to the loss of the best and most versatile (BMV) agricultural land (Grade 1, 2 and 3a). However, without knowing the exact location of growth and the extent of what BMV land is required, it is anticipated that adverse impacts will occur in all strategies.

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• Uncertainties also exist regarding the potential for adverse impacts on mineral resources and the potential for contaminating remediating land.

• When allocating sites, areas of BMV agricultural land should be avoided where possible and PDL should be prioritised. Development should also encourage the remediation of contaminated land where feasible.

• Further assessment will also need to be carried out to understand the potential impacts of development on Mineral Safeguarding Areas (MSAs) when allocating precise locations for growth.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner.

Source Protection Zones cover the north of Warminster, being mainly Zone 2 (Outer Protection) or Zone 3 (Total Catchment) with some smaller areas of Zone 1 (Inner Protection Zone).

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Rural development in the Rest of the HMA is likely to be more dispersed which may mean that the existing drainage infrastructure can handle the additional capacity. However, there may be a cumulative effect on the rural system. Furthermore, if the rural development is not dispersed it could lead to requirements to upgrade capacity outside of the main settlements which has not yet been accounted for.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on This strategy proposes a higher level of proportional This strategy proposes a higher level of proportional This strategy proposes a lower level of proportional Avon housing growth for Bradford on Avon. However, housing growth for Bradford on Avon. However, Bradford housing growth for Bradford on Avon. Bradford on Avon is Bradford on Avon is not within any SPZ. Minor adverse on Avon is not within any SPZ. Minor adverse effects are not within any SPZ. Minor adverse effects are considered effects are considered likely given the additional considered likely given the additional demands placed on likely given the additional demands placed on water, demands placed on water, sewerage and drainage water, sewerage and drainage infrastructure. sewerage and drainage infrastructure. infrastructure. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge This strategy proposes the highest level of growth at Despite this strategy proposing the lowest level of growth As this strategy proposes an intermediate level of housing Trowbridge and is therefore likely to lead to significant proportional to Trowbridge, development would likely lead growth proportional to Trowbridge, therefore, like strategies pressures on the local water network and effects on to similar impacts as both strategies TR-A and TR-C. As TR-A and TR-B is likely to lead to significant pressures on areas of protection, unless investment is made into such, it is likely that there would be a moderate adverse the local water network and effects on areas of protection, enhancing the local network. It is likely that there would effect as a result of this strategy. However, mitigation is unless investment is made into enhancing the local be a moderate adverse effect as a result of this achievable, if problematic. network. It is likely that there would be a moderate adverse strategy. Furthermore, this strategy proposes the effect as a result of this strategy. However, mitigation is highest level of comparative housing growth and is achievable, if problematic. therefore likely to have more significant effects compared to the other strategies . However, mitigation is achievable, if problematic. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster All three strategies propose a similar level of significant All three strategies propose a similar level of significant All three strategies propose a similar level of significant growth at Warminster with effects against this objective growth at Warminster with effects against this objective growth at Warminster with effects against this objective likely to be similar. The town is subject to a large likely to be similar. The town is subject to a large number of likely to be similar. The town is subject to a large number of number of water resource protections. However, water resource protections. However, investment is water resource protections. However, investment is investment is committed to be undertaken to increase committed to be undertaken to increase the capacity of the committed to be undertaken to increase the capacity of the the capacity of the local water network. local water network. local water network. It is likely that there would be moderate adverse effects It is likely that there would be moderate adverse effects It is likely that there would be moderate adverse effects against this objective. against this objective. against this objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury This strategy proposes a lower level of proportional This strategy proposes a significant level of growth This strategy proposes a lower level of proportional housing growth for Westbury. There is a risk to the SPZ proportional to Westbury which is the highest level of housing growth for Westbury. There is a risk to the SPZ to to the south and a need for future investment to comparative housing growth. Therefore, there is increased the south and a need for future investment to increase the increase the capacity of the water network and manage risk to the SPZ and a need for future investment to capacity of the water network and manage any effects on any effects on water protection areas. It is likely that increase the capacity of the water network and manage water protection areas. It is likely that this level of this level of development will have minor adverse any effects on water protection areas. This level of development will have minor adverse effects against this effects against this objective. objective.

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development likely to have moderate adverse effects against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of There are areas in the countryside where development There are areas in the countryside where development There are areas in the countryside where development HMA could occur without posing a risk to water resources. could occur without posing a risk to water resources. could occur without posing a risk to water resources. However, it could lead to requirements to upgrade However, it could lead to requirements to upgrade capacity However, it could lead to requirements to upgrade capacity capacity outside of the main settlements which has not outside of the main settlements which has not yet been outside of the main settlements which has not yet been yet been accounted for. accounted for. accounted for. Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system Due to the potential impact on the rural drainage system system and water protection zones, a minor adverse and water protection zones, a minor adverse effect in the and water protection zones, a minor adverse effect in the effect in the Rest of the HMA is considered likely. Rest of the HMA is considered likely. Rest of the HMA is considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.4 Due to uncertainties regarding the precise location -1.6 Due to uncertainties regarding the precise location of -1.4 Due to uncertainties regarding the precise location of score for of development and the potential for additional development and the potential for additional investment in development and the potential for additional investment in this SA investment in infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the potential impact on infrastructure, it is difficult to assess the potential impact on potential impact on water resources. As a result, due to water resources. With significant effects considered likely water resources. As a result, due to the presence of objective the presence of Drinking Water Safeguard Areas and at Trowbridge, Warminster and Westbury, moderate Drinking Water Safeguard Areas and Source Protection Source Protection Zones and the potential for additional adverse effects on SA objective 3 are considered likely. Zones and the potential for additional pressure on the pressure on the water network, minor adverse effects water network, minor adverse effects on SA objective 3 on SA objective 3 are considered likely. are considered likely. Conclusions/Recommendations: • Although the three strategies score similarly, strategies TR-A and TR-C are more sustainable as there are less adverse effects likely.

• Strategy TR-B is considered the least sustainable strategy as it is likely to have greater adverse effects than SW-A and SW-C

• Warminster is the only settlement in the Trowbridge HMA where a Source Protection Zone (Zones 2 and 3) impinges on the built-up area itself. The Source Protection Zone also covers the entire north of the settlement and a Zone 3 designation surrounds Warminster to the east and west. Therefore, development in the settlement could struggle to avoid building in a protection zone. Similarly, Bradford on Avon and the surrounding area lies within a Drinking Water Protected Area (Surface Water). However, although development should be aware of the requirement to protect groundwater and drinking water, it is unlikely to majorly affect housing development. Furthermore, while Warminster and Bradford on Avon would be considered the most constrained with regards to this objective, the amount of housing proposed at the settlements is at a low level proportional to the towns in each strategy.

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• With regards to investment in infrastructure, development in the rural area is most likely to require additional investment as Wessex Water’s planned improvement works are focused on the towns. Westbury has been identified as a settlement that would be unlikely to require construction works at the settlement to accommodate development. As a result, development in the Rest of the HMA poses a risk ensuring capacity of the water network.

• Due to the uncertainties regarding the impact on groundwater protection zones and the water network, likely adverse effects are considered likely across all settlements. However, as Strategy TR-B proposes the joint highest amount of comparative housing growth in Bradford on Avon and the highest amount of comparative housing growth in Warminster which are considered the most constrained with regards to groundwater and drinking water resources, Strategy TR-B is ranked as the least preferred strategy. While Strategy TR-C proposes the lowest amount of growth in the most constrained settlements of Bradford on Avon and Warminster, it also proposes the highest amount of comparative housing growth in the Rest of the HMA which may lead to issues with the rural water network. As a result, Strategy TR-C is ranked equally with Strategy TR-A which, despite proposing the joint highest amount of housing growth in Bradford on Avon, also proposes the lowest amount of growth in Warminster and the Rest of the HMA, which are locations considered to be at risk with relation to Objective 3.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

Trowbridge is not subject to any AQMA declarations, two diffusion tubes to monitor were introduced in 2019 and the settlement is not considered at risk of a AQMA declaration.

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Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford on Comparatively, this strategy directs more development to Comparatively, this strategy directs more development to This strategy proposes the lowest level of growth for Avon Bradford on Avon than the other strategies, although this Bradford on Avon, the same as TR-A except no Bradford on Avon. figure is low in proportionate and relative terms. requirement for employment land. All new development is likely to have some impacts re All new development is likely to have some impacts re All new development is likely to have some impacts re noise and light pollution. noise and light pollution. noise and light pollution. This figure is very low in proportionate and relative terms This level of growth is assessed as having a moderate Although this figure is low in proportionate and relative and is likely to have minor adverse effects against this adverse effect against this objective within Bradford on terms, this level of growth is assessed as having a objective. Avon due to the occurrence of a declared AQMA. moderate adverse effect against this objective within Bradford on Avon due to the occurrence of a declared AQMA. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Trowbridge is lower risk with regards to air quality and is Trowbridge is lower risk with regards to air quality and is Trowbridge is lower risk with regards to air quality and is not highlighted as a location of immediate air quality not highlighted as a location of immediate air quality not highlighted as a location of immediate air quality concern. However, for all strategies at Trowbridge, concern. However, for all strategies at Trowbridge, concern. However, for all strategies at Trowbridge, proposed levels of growth are significant, and a range of proposed levels of growth are significant, and a range of proposed levels of growth are significant, and a range of environmental pollutants are likely to be increased. All environmental pollutants are likely to be increased. All environmental pollutants are likely to be increased. All new new development is likely to have some impacts re noise new development is likely to have some impacts re noise development is likely to have some impacts re noise and and light pollution. and light pollution. light pollution. Growth of this scale at Trowbridge is likely to have some Growth of this scale at Trowbridge is likely to have some Growth of this scale at Trowbridge is likely to have some adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution and adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution and adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution and this this is likely to be moderate adverse with mitigation this is likely to be moderate adverse with mitigation is likely to be moderate adverse with mitigation considered considered to be problematic. considered to be problematic. to be problematic. Effects of this strategy are likely to be greater than TR-B Effects of this strategy are likely to be less than TR-A and Effects of this strategy are likely to be greater than TR-B and TR-C. TR-C but less than TR-A. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Warminster is lower risk with regards to air quality and is Warminster is lower risk with regards to air quality and is Proposed levels of growth are low in relative terms. Growth not highlighted as a location of immediate air quality not highlighted as a location of immediate air quality of this scale at Warminster is likely to have some adverse concern. Proposed levels of growth are low in relative concern. Proposed levels of growth are highest for this effects in terms of environmental pollution and this is likely terms. Growth of this scale at Warminster is likely to have particular strategy in relative terms. Growth of this scale

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some adverse effects in terms of environmental pollution at Warminster is likely to have some adverse effects in to be minor adverse with mitigation considered to be and this is likely to be minor adverse with mitigation terms of environmental pollution and this is likely to be achievable. considered to be achievable. minor adverse with mitigation considered to be Effects of this strategy are likely to be similar to TR-A. Effects of this strategy are likely to be similar to TR-C. achievable. Effects of this strategy are likely to be greater than TR-A and TR-C. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury Development of any sort is likely to have adverse impacts Development of any sort is likely to have adverse impacts Development of any sort is likely to have adverse impacts in an area with a designated AQMA and monitoring for in an area with a designated AQMA and monitoring for in an area with a designated AQMA and monitoring for NO2, PM10 and SO2. The level of growth in this strategy is NO2, PM10 and SO2. This strategy proposes higher levels NO2, PM10 and SO2. The level of growth in this strategy is likely to have a range of adverse effects on environmental of growth for Westbury. This is higher than rolling forward likely to have a range of adverse effects on environmental pollution, including air quality, noise and light pollution. the current strategy through option TR-A. The extent of pollution, including air quality, noise and light pollution. Likely effects are considered to be moderate adverse. mitigation measures required to minimise effects on air Likely effects are considered to be moderate adverse as quality and other pollutants is unclear for this scale of there is currently an AQMA in place. growth. This strategy could significantly increase impacts Likely effects are considered to be moderate adverse. without adequate infrastructure and mitigation. Likely effects are considered to be moderate adverse. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of The level of development proposed in the rest of the HMA There is a relatively low, but comparatively high level of This strategy proposes a low level of growth in relative HMA is more likely to place development away from many of growth proposed in Rest of HMA by this strategy. The terms, but this is high in comparative terms. The level of the county’s existing AQMAs and therefore is less likely level of development proposed in the rest of the HMA is development proposed in the Rest of the HMA is more to have significant adverse effects. Due to the dispersed more likely to place development away from many of the likely to place development away from many of the nature of facilities and the lack of public transport county’s existing AQMA and therefore is less likely to county’s existing AQMA and therefore is less likely to have provision in certain areas of the rest of the HMA, have a moderate adverse impact upon any existing a moderate adverse impact upon any existing AQMA. Due development may lead to a proportionately increased AQMA. Due to the dispersed nature of facilities and the to the dispersed nature of facilities and the lack of public number of private car journeys which could lead to lack of public transport provision in certain areas in rest of transport provision in certain areas in rest HMA, increased pollutants from vehicles. HMA, development may lead to a proportionately development may lead to a proportionately increased This scale of growth is likely to have some other adverse increased number of journeys in the private car which number of journeys in the private car which could lead to effects in terms of environmental pollution such as noise could lead to increased pollutants from vehicles. increased pollutants from vehicles. and light pollution from new development. This level of growth in these locations is assessed as This level of growth in these locations is assessed as This is assessed as having a minor adverse effect having a minor adverse effect against this objective. having a minor adverse effect against this objective. against this objective.

Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Average -1.6 Overall, this development strategy is considered -1.6 Overall, this development strategy is considered -1.4 Overall, this development strategy is considered likely score for likely to have moderate adverse effects against this likely to have moderate adverse effects against this to have minor adverse effects against this objective. this SA objective. objective. objective

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Conclusions/Recommendations: • All strategies are considered likely to have adverse effects overall against this SA objective, given the distribution of growth proposed. All strategies are considered likely to have significant adverse effects at Trowbridge and Westbury given proposed scales of growth and/or existing issues. • Strategy TR-C is considered more sustainable as there are less adverse effects likely. This is primarily due to this strategy proposing lower levels of growth at Bradford on Avon which has longstanding air quality issues. Strategy TR-C is only marginally more sustainable than the other two strategies.

• Strategies TR-A and TR-B score equally and are the joint least sustainable strategies as they are likely to have greater adverse effects. This is primarily due to the significant level of growth proposed at Trowbridge, together with proposed levels of growth in Bradford on Avon and Westbury, where there are existing air quality issues.

• Settlements of particular concern with relation to this objective are Bradford on Avon and Westbury. While lower levels of growth are proposed at Bradford on Avon across all three strategies, the town has been identified as facing air quality issues, including a long-term AQMA, and there is a risk that negative effects could result as a result of growth of any level. Additionally, as Strategy TR-B proposes a higher amount of growth at Westbury. The extent of the effect on an existing AQMA is expected to be more significant than rolling forward the current strategy and the most as a result of this strategy.

• Development led improvements in sustainable transport infrastructure that would otherwise be difficult to achieve may become viable with certain levels growth, both residential and employment. It is recommended that where development takes place improvements in sustainable transport options should be sought to alleviate air quality concerns.

• It is recommended that wherever development takes place, it is done so sympathetically with regards to air quality and pollution concerns. Improvement measures should be sought where possible to improve the situation in these areas and development should not occur at the detriment of air quality and pollution.

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• When planning new development, mitigation may be achieved by taking into account the Air Quality Strategy for Wiltshire which sets out vision for achieving objectives. Where there is an existing AQMA account should also be given to the Air Quality Management Plan. Developers will also need to play an active role in achieving air quality objectives while opportunities will also exist to use S106 agreements for site specific mitigation measures.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote the development of renewable and low carbon sources of energy? For appraisal at subsequent, more detailed / site-specific SA stages.

DAQ 3: Minimise vulnerability to surface water flooding and other sources of flooding, without increasing flood risk elsewhere? Fluvial flood-risk, along with surface and groundwater flooding form part of the settlement-level analysis below. The cumulative impact of development was also considered in order to identify those catchments where an increase in flows as a result of development would have the greatest impact on downstream flood risk. This analysis is based on a strategic assessment of flood risk. Local knowledge will be applied when specific development locations are identified. In terms of flood-risk potential at settlements the following can be stated:

Trowbridge is at low risk of river and groundwater flooding and at high risk of surface water flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as low.

Westbury is at low risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Warminster is at moderate risk of river flooding and at high risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Bradford on Avon is at high risk of river and surface water flooding and at low risk of groundwater flooding. The cumulative impact of development is assessed as moderate.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford Development at Bradford on Avon is potentially Development at Bradford on Avon is potentially Development at Bradford on Avon is potentially on Avon constrained by surface water flooding, as well as constrained by surface water flooding, as well as constrained by surface water flooding, as well as additional additional fluvial risk linked to the River Avon. All additional fluvial risk linked to the River Avon. All fluvial risk linked to the River Avon. All alternatives direct alternatives direct relatively low levels of development to alternatives direct relatively low levels of development to relatively low levels of development to Bradford. This level Bradford. This level of growth is not expected to have Bradford. This level of growth is not expected to have of growth is not expected to have significant impacts on significant impacts on flood risk. Consequently, minor significant impacts on flood risk. Consequently, minor flood risk. Consequently, minor adverse effects on this adverse effects on this objective are considered likely. adverse effects on this objective are considered likely. objective are considered likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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Trowbridge Trowbridge has some areas of flood risk, particularly from Trowbridge has some areas of flood risk. Whilst the Trowbridge under this development scenario would receive surface water. The quantum directed at Trowbridge under quantum directed at Trowbridge under this strategy is a reduced quantum of growth, less than but similar to Core Core Strategy Continued is high, therefore moderate moderately high but lower than TR-A and TR-C, it is Strategy Continued. Whilst some areas of the town are adverse effects are indicated. believed that proposed growth levels could be susceptible to flooding, minor adverse effects are indicated accommodated. Therefore, minor adverse effects are for this settlement. indicated. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Warminster Warminster is at moderate risk of river flooding and at high All strategies propose similar levels of development at This strategy proposes very similar growth to TR-A and risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. Whilst the Warminster. Warminster is at moderate risk of river therefore similar impacts are expected. quantum directed at Warminster under Core Strategy flooding and at high risk of surface water and groundwater Moderate adverse effects are considered likely. Continued is moderately low it is believed that proposed flooding. growth levels could be accommodated. Growth proposed in this strategy is higher than the other Moderate adverse effects are considered likely. two strategies and this may result in moderate adverse effects. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury Westbury is at low risk of river flooding and at moderate This development strategy directs substantially greater This strategy proposes very similar growth to TR-A and risk of surface water and groundwater flooding. Whilst the growth to the town compared to the others, including Core therefore similar impacts are expected. The quantum quantum directed at Westbury under Core Strategy Strategy Continued - and this is assessed as likely to directed at Westbury is moderately low therefore it is Continued is moderately low, comparatively, it is believed have moderate adverse effects here. Westbury is at low believed that proposed growth levels could be that proposed growth levels could be accommodated. risk of river flooding and at moderate risk of surface water accommodated. Therefore, minor adverse effects are Therefore, minor adverse effects are indicated. and groundwater flooding. indicated. Moderate adverse effects considered likely overall. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Development quanta for Rest of HMA, whilst not location- Development quanta for Rest of HMA, whilst not location- TR-C has the greatest level of development directed to HMA specific, are moderately high and therefore estimated to specific, are moderately high and therefore estimated to Rest of HMA – considerably higher than Core Strategy lead to minor adverse effects, which will be clarified as lead to minor adverse effects, which will be clarified as Continued. Due to this higher level of growth, the strategy site-level proposals emerge. site-level proposals emerge. has been assessed as having moderate adverse effects until more is known on a local level. Any proposed locations for development could present a higher potential for flooding. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.4 Overall the strategy is likely to have minor adverse -1.4 Overall this strategy is deemed to have likely minor -1.4 Overall this strategy is likely to have minor adverse score for effects as regards objective 5. adverse effects on objective 5. However, significant effects on objective 5 However, significant effects are likely this SA effects are likely at Warminster and Westbury. in the Rest of the HMA. objective Conclusions and Recommendations: • All strategies are considered likely to have minor adverse effects overall against this SA objective, given the distribution of growth proposed.

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• Whilst all areas within Trowbridge HMA demonstrate some areas at risk of flooding, some places are more constrained than others. Warminster has the greatest potential for adverse impacts under this objective owing to high levels of surface and groundwater flood-risk. However, proposed growth levels here are not excessive and TR-A and TR-C are likely to have minor adverse effects overall. The higher quantum under TR-B suggests greater risks at this settlement, and therefore the prospects are for likely moderate adverse effects.

• Trowbridge and Westbury are likely to offer the best opportunities for flood resilience. However, the strategy that propose increased growth quanta at Westbury (TR-B), moderate adverse effects are considered likely.

• Given the low quantum proposed at Bradford on Avon, minor adverse effects are considered likely.

• In the Rest of the HMA, Strategy TR-C proposes the greatest level of development – considerably higher than the other two strategies. Due to this higher level of growth, the strategy has been assessed as having likely moderate adverse effects until more is known on a local level. Any proposed locations for development could present a higher potential for flooding.

• In terms of the main settlements in Trowbridge HMA, the headline recommendations as regards flood resilience are:

Trowbridge: Due to surface water flood risk, stringent policy with regards to the control of surface water discharges from new development would be required.

Westbury: Due to surface water flood risk and cumulative impacts, stringent policy with regards to the control of surface water discharges from new development would be required. As high groundwater levels may impede infiltration-based sustainable drainage, site investigations would be needed to prove viability.

Bradford on Avon: Due to river and surface water flood risk and cumulative impacts, stringent policy with regards to the control of surface water discharges from new development would be required.

Warminster: Due to river and surface water flood risk and cumulative impacts, stringent policy with regards to the control of surface water discharges from new development would be required. It is recommended that development sites are not allocated in areas at high risk of groundwater flooding.

• In all instances, in order to provide climate change adaptation and mitigation and improve flood resilience, drainage solutions must incorporate green infrastructure and/or sustainable drainage systems. The Strategic Flood Risk Assessment informs as regards application of the sequential test and, if needed, the exception test.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Conserve and enhance World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Historic Parks & Gardens, sites of archaeological interest, undesignated heritage assets and their settings? Whilst this level of analysis makes reference to designated and non-designated heritage assets, these will be appraised in more detail at site-specific stage. At a strategic level, key heritage assets in/around settlements are as follows:

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Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford In and around Bradford on Avon, accommodating this In and around Bradford on Avon, accommodating this small Under this scenario proposed growth at Bradford on Avon on Avon small amount of growth is possible. Bradford on Avon amount of growth is possible. Bradford on Avon has a is much lower compared to Core Strategy Continued. has a range of assets but this low amount of growth range of assets but this low amount of growth would be Bradford on Avon is comparatively more constrained under would be likely to have minor adverse effects overall. likely to have minor adverse effects overall. this objective than other settlements in the HMA; however, given the low level of growth proposed it is considered that minor adverse effects are likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Under a continuation of the Wiltshire Core Strategy, This strategy proposes the least growth. It is possible that Designated and non-designated heritage assets in/around designated and non-designated heritage assets this strategy could be more easily accommodated without Trowbridge may be significantly affected by this high in/around Trowbridge may be significantly affected by significant adverse effects, unlike the other two strategies, relative growth. Due to a lack of brownfield sites within the this high relative growth. Due to a lack of brownfield and therefore minor adverse effects are likely. However, town to accommodate this growth, development of sites within the town to accommodate this growth, this issue will be clarified as site-specific development greenfield sites on the town edge may impact on development of greenfield sites on the town edge may propositions emerge and the potential impacts are neighbouring villages’ heritage assets. impact on neighbouring villages’ heritage assets. assessed. At this spatial level of analysis this strategy would suggest At this spatial level of analysis this strategy would likely moderate adverse effects upon designated and non- suggest likely moderate adverse effects upon designated heritage assets and their settings. However, designated and non-designated heritage assets and this issue will be clarified as site-specific development their settings. However, this issue will be clarified as site- propositions emerge and the potential impacts are specific development propositions emerge and the assessed. potential impacts are assessed. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Warminster and its environs are characterised by the Warminster and its environs are characterised by the Warminster and its environs are characterised by the presence of conservation areas, listed buildings, presence of conservation areas, listed buildings, registered presence of conservation areas, listed buildings, registered registered parks & gardens, dispersed farmsteads and parks & gardens, dispersed farmsteads and other parks & gardens, dispersed farmsteads and other other scheduled assets. However, the quantum scheduled assets. However, the quantum proposed scheduled assets. However, the quantum proposed

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proposed in/around Warminster, similar under each in/around Warminster, similar under each strategy, appears in/around Warminster, similar under each strategy, strategy, appears to be unlikely to have significant to be unlikely to have significant effects on this objective. appears to be unlikely to have significant effects on this effects on this objective. Minor adverse effects are thus considered likely. However, objective. Minor adverse effects are thus considered likely. this issue will be clarified as site-specific development Minor adverse effects are thus considered likely. However, However, this issue will be clarified as site-specific propositions emerge and the potential impacts are this issue will be clarified as site-specific development development propositions emerge and the potential assessed. propositions emerge and the potential impacts are impacts are assessed. assessed. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury This strategy proposes the lowest growth. Westbury Strategy TR-B proposes the highest level of growth for The strategy proposes slightly higher growth than TR-A includes various assets such as Bratton Camp Westbury that includes housing and employment land. The therefore it is likely that similar effects would occur. As scheduled monument and white horse and their settings; town has various heritage assets. Given the amount of such minor adverse impacts are likely. listed Heyward House and setting; the scheduled development proposed it is considered that this would moated site and setting at Penleigh; the land indicate moderate adverse effects on heritage assets surrounding Leighton House; numerous Designated at/around this locality. Farmsteads. Given that growth is comparatively low and development locations are unknown, minor adverse effects are therefore likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Under this strategy development rates in Rest of HMA Under this strategy moderately high growth rates – greater The nature of heritage assets distribution means that HMA are elevated. The nature of heritage assets distribution than under Core Strategy Continued - mean that locations locations across Rest of HMA would have to be selected in the rural area means that such growth locations would in Rest of HMA would have to be selected very carefully. carefully as regards possible growth. Strategy TR-C raises have to be selected carefully. Overall, given the size of However, this level of growth is considered unlikely to have growth quanta considerably in more rural areas. On this the rural area and therefore the ability for development significant effects on heritage assets. basis moderate adverse effects for Rest of HMA are likely to avoid harm to heritage assets, minor adverse effects Minor adverse effects are therefore likely since such at this strategic level of analysis, particularly since such are likely. development localities are still unknown. development locations are still unknown. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.2 In light of the above the strategy as a whole -1.2 In light of the above the strategy as a whole therefore -1.4 In light of the above the strategy as a whole therefore score for therefore suggests minor adverse effects against suggests minor adverse effects against Objective 6 with suggests minor adverse effects against Objective 6 with this SA Objective 6 with significant effects considered likely at significant effects considered likely at Westbury. significant effects considered likely at Trowbridge and Rest Trowbridge. of HMA. objective Conclusions and Recommendations: • Although all strategies were assessed as having likely minor adverse effects overall, Strategies TR-A and TR-B score equally and are considered to be the more sustainable options as there are less adverse effects likely.

• Strategy TR-C is considered to be the less sustainable strategy as it is likely to have greater adverse effects overall.

• The higher growth options for Trowbridge (TR-A and TR-C) are considered likely to have significant adverse effects overall where mitigation would be problematic.

• The higher growth options for Westbury and Rest of the HMA are considered likely to have significant adverse effects overall where mitigation would be problematic.

• None of the strategies for Bradford on Avon and Warminster are considered likely to have significant effects on this objective, given the relatively low level of growth proposed.

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• It appears possible that the HMA can accommodate the proposed quantum overall for all strategies without likely significant effects. It may also be possible to direct additional growth to Bradford on Avon, Warminster, Westbury and the Rest of the HMA without leading to likely significant effects, but this will depend on the specific development locations.

• The nature of heritage assets is site-specific, and, as such, adverse effects remain unclear until development locations start to become finalised, and successive assessment able to demonstrate that impacts can be limited. This is especially pertinent to Trowbridge and environs, where the quantum of proposed development is generally rather high.

• Whilst it appears possible that the HMA can accommodate the proposed quantum overall, additional to the already high levels of existing commitments, there may be a rationale to exploring whether a percentage of Trowbridge’s proposed growth could be assigned to Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Minimise impact on, and where appropriate enhance, nationally designated landscapes and their settings and locally valued landscapes? Whilst this strategic-level analysis appraises designated and locally–valued assets, local ones will become even more prominent during detailed / site-specific SA. At this stage, at and around the settlements, the following may be noted.

Trowbridge: principal local assets include scattered ancient woodland and historic parkland around the town’s periphery. The Hilperton area is an example of good preservation of medieval landscape character, and the Kennet & Avon Canal is a valued feature.

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Bradford on Avon: assets include the Cotswolds AONB to the west and south of the town, West Wiltshire Green Belt, Kennet & Avon Canal and Barton Farm Country Park.

Westbury: principal assets include Salisbury Plain special landscape area to the town’s south, whilst greater coalescence with Dilton Marsh, Hawkeridge and the smaller settlements and farmsteads around Brokerswood could lead to adverse impacts on rural character.

Warminster: assets include Cranborne Chase & West Wilts AONB, Salisbury Plain special landscape area, and three prominent hill-forts.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford Through this development strategy, adverse effects Bradford on Avon is characterised by designated landscape The lowest proposed growth level at Bradford on Avon is on Avon are likely in the Bradford on Avon area, where assets that include an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty under this strategy. Given the amount of development proposed levels of development, including a moderate (AONB), West Wiltshire Green Belt, special landscape areas proposed it is considered that this would be likely to have quantum of employment, would likely have moderate (SLA) and landscaped parks. This strategy proposes the minor adverse effects on landscape assets at/around this adverse effects. The West Wiltshire Green Belt same housing as TR-A but without employment. This rather locality. surrounds the town and the Cotswolds AONB borders moderate growth quantum would lead to likely moderate the town to the west and south. adverse effects because the capacity for growth under the landscape objective is deemed to be challenging. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge A significant increase in growth through this strategy, This strategy proposes a lower amount of growth compared This strategy proposes a median amount of growth suggests increased impacts on landscape assets. In with TR-A and TR-C, however significant levels of growth compared with TR-A and TR-C, however significant levels addition to landscape assets highlighted above, large- proposed at Trowbridge under all three strategies are of growth proposed at Trowbridge under all three scale urban expansion would need to maintain considered likely to have moderate adverse effects that strategies are considered likely to have moderate adverse individual character at, and between, the rural would be problematic to mitigate. effects that would be problematic to mitigate. settlements in the locality. The West Wiltshire Green The West Wiltshire Green Belt comes up to the edge of the The West Wiltshire Green Belt comes up to the edge of the Belt comes up to the edge of the town in the north and town in the north and west, the villages of Hilperton, North town in the north and west, the villages of Hilperton, North west, the villages of Hilperton, North Bradley and Bradley and Southwick are in close proximity to the town and Bradley and Southwick are in close proximity to the town Southwick are in close proximity to the town and there there are significant areas of ancient woodland to the south and there are significant areas of ancient woodland to the are significant areas of ancient woodland to the south and east. south and east. and east. All of these constraints limit the availability of sustainable All of these constraints limit the availability of sustainable All of these constraints limit the availability of development locations. development locations. sustainable development locations.

Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Warminster’s assets include Cranborne Chase & West Warminster’s assets include Cranborne Chase & West Wilts Warminster’s assets include Cranborne Chase & West Wilts AONB to the south and west of the town, AONB to the south and west of the town, Salisbury Plain Wilts AONB to the south and west of the town, Salisbury Salisbury Plain Special Landscape Area, and three Special Landscape Area, and three prominent hill-forts. Plain Special Landscape Area, and three prominent hill- prominent hill-forts. However, the landscape around However, the landscape around Warminster is considered forts. However, the landscape around Warminster is Warminster is considered better able to accommodate better able to accommodate this relatively low level of considered better able to accommodate this relatively low

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this relatively low level of proposed growth without proposed growth without significant effects. Minor adverse level of proposed growth without significant effects. Minor significant effects. Minor adverse effects are likely at effects are likely at this strategic assessment stage for all adverse effects are likely at this strategic assessment this strategic assessment stage for all three strategies. three strategies. stage for all three strategies. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury Westbury’s assets include Salisbury Plain special It is considered that Westbury may have the greatest scope Through this development strategy – similar to levels for landscape area to the southeast of the town. There is for growth under this objective. There are no national TR-A, relatively less impacts are likely on landscape potential risk of coalescence with nearby smaller landscape designations affecting Westbury and development assets. Minor adverse effects are therefore likely at this settlements which would potentially lead to adverse would be possible, particularly to the north and west of the stage. impacts on rural character. However, given the levels town, with few landscape constraints. However minor of growth are fairly low a minor adverse effect is adverse effects on the landscape are likely. therefore likely. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of Under this strategy growth rates in Rest of HMA are Under this strategy growth rates in Rest of HMA are elevated. The presence of considerable areas of AONB, Green Belt, HMA elevated. The presence of large national designations The presence of large national designations (AONB) as well Special Landscape Area (SLA), and other locally-valued (AONB) as well as locally-valued landscapes mean as locally-valued landscapes mean that locations in Rest of landscapes means that locations for development in Rest that locations in Rest of HMA would have to be HMA would have to be selected very carefully with adequate of HMA would have to be selected carefully. Growth levels selected very carefully with adequate mitigation to mitigation to reduce landscape effects. are highest under this scenario and are considerably reduce landscape effects. Minor adverse effects are therefore considered most likely as greater than TR-A and TR-B. Minor adverse effects are therefore considered most the HMA is large enough to be able to locate development Moderate adverse effects are likely since such likely as the HMA is large enough to be able to locate sustainably without leading to significant effects. development localities are still unknown. development sustainably without leading to significant effects. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.4 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered -1.4 Minor adverse effects are considered likely for the -1.4 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most score for most likely, based on the assessment of all strategy overall, based on the assessment of all likely, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas. this SA settlements/areas. settlements/areas. objective Conclusions/Recommendations: • All strategies are assessed as having likely minor adverse effects on landscape overall and no one strategy is considered to be the more sustainable as they score equally. However, all of these strategies are still considered likely to have significant landscape impacts in certain settlements/areas within the HMA.

• All growth scenarios, by varying degrees, direct a relatively high level of development to Trowbridge and environs, indicating likely significant adverse effects on landscape assets at a strategic level. Strategy TR-B directs comparatively less growth to Trowbridge, and it may be easier to mitigate successfully the adverse effects of new development on the landscape.

• Large-scale urban expansion at Trowbridge would need to maintain individual character at, and between, the rural settlements in the locality. The West Wiltshire Green Belt comes up to the edge of the town in the north and west, the villages of Hilperton, North Bradley and Southwick are in close proximity to the town and there are significant areas of ancient woodland to the south and east. Levels of growth at Trowbridge may need to be decreased to allow mitigation measures to reduce likely significant effects.

• Seeking to accommodate the proposed higher levels (TR-A and TR-B) of development at Bradford on Avon could also generate significant impacts upon national and local landscape assets. Significant adverse effects are thus indicated at a strategic level for these two strategies.

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• Based on the above, it is recommended that in landscape terms, to seek to direct as much growth as possible away from Trowbridge and Bradford on Avon, and towards Westbury, Warminster and specific locations in the Rest of the HMA. Westbury and Warminster have fewer landscape constraints and could accommodate higher levels of growth, especially Westbury. The presence of considerable areas of AONB, Green Belt, Special Landscape Area (SLA), and other locally-valued landscapes means that locations for development in the Rest of the HMA would have to be selected carefully; lower growth levels may be able to be accommodated without likely significant effects.

• Landscape capacity assessments at site-specific stage would be required to test the detail of assertions. Localised improvements, e.g. green infrastructure, may be feasible, including significant tree-planting and open space provision throughout the HMA, where consistent with the landscape character context.

• Finally, as indicated above, there may be a rationale to exploring whether a percentage of Trowbridge’s growth could be assigned to Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Housing delivery in Warminster since 2006 has also been below expected rates. This is primarily due to delays in bringing forward the strategic allocation to the west of the town. The site will therefore provide a supply of homes beyond 2026. In Warminster the ratio of house price to earnings has risen slightly from 7.85 to 8.83, marginally below the Wiltshire average. This reflects a trend seen nationally but may, in part, have been due to supply of homes in recent years being at a lower rate than planned in the current WCS, although 33.8% of all homes built since 2009 have been affordable housing, which is above the minimum target of 30%.

For the Rest of the Housing Market Area (the rural area) homes have been delivered at or above expected levels. Affordability ratios are, however, higher in rural areas, which reflects the limited supply of homes at large and small villages in recent years.

SA Conclusions relate to the ability of the strategy to deliver affordable homes where they are needed taking into account factors such as where house price to income rations are highest.

DAQ 2: Support the provision of a range of house types and sizes to meet the needs of all sectors of the community?

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Developments providing a mix of house types and sizes can be delivered on small or large sites. For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford Under Strategy TR-A Bradford on Avon would be Under Strategy TR-B Bradford on Avon would be expected Under Strategy TR-C Bradford on Avon would be expected on Avon expected to deliver 520 dwellings from 2016-2036. to deliver 520 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into to deliver 275 dwellings from 2016-2036 – significantly Taking into account existing commitments, this leaves a account existing commitments, this leaves a residual lower than the other strategies. Taking into account residual requirement of 250 dwellings. requirement of 250 dwellings. existing commitments, this leaves a very small residual TR-A is one of the strategies which directs higher levels TR-B is one of the strategies which directs higher levels of requirement of 5 dwellings. This strategy directs the lowest of housing to Bradford on Avon (although still modest) housing to Bradford on Avon (although still modest) where levels of housing to Bradford on Avon (effectively tying where affordability ratios are the highest and delivery of affordability ratios are the highest and delivery of affordable development to current commitments) The town has the affordable housing lowest. Relative to strategy TR-C this housing lowest. Relative to strategy TR-C this could have a highest affordability ratios and delivery of affordable could have a minor positive effect on Bradford on Avon. minor positive effect on Bradford on Avon. The affordability housing lowest. Relative to strategy TR-A and TR-B this The affordability ratio would not be significantly affected ratio would not be significantly affected given low growth could have a minor adverse effect on the supply of given low growth proposed. proposed. affordable housing. The affordability ratio would not be significantly affected given low growth proposed. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Under Strategy TR-A Trowbridge would be expected to Under Strategy TR-B Trowbridge would be expected to Under Strategy TR-C Trowbridge would be expected to deliver 5940 dwellings from 2016-2036, significantly deliver 4920 dwellings from 2016-2036 – significantly lower deliver 5585 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into higher than the other strategies. Taking into account than the other strategies. Taking into account existing account existing commitments, this leaves a residual existing commitments, this leaves a residual requirement commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of 895 requirement of 1,560 dwellings. of 1,915 dwellings. dwellings. This distribution reduces the amount to be delivered at the Although delivery in Trowbridge has been slow, those This distribution reduces the amount to be delivered at the principal settlement of Trowbridge (against the current that have been built have delivered affordable housing principle settlement of Trowbridge (against the current strategy) by about 500 dwellings). Such a reduction, above 30% target levels. Continuation of the current strategy). Such a reduction, compared to the current compared to the current strategy, would result in fewer strategy could, therefore, result in a moderate positive strategy, would result in fewer affordable homes than affordable homes than strategy TR-A but there are still a effect in terms of affordable housing supply at the strategy TR-A but there are still a substantial number of substantial number of homes to be allocated in a location principal settlement. homes to be allocated in a location that has been delivering that has been delivering affordable housing above the affordable housing above the target level of 30%. On target level of 30%. On balance, therefore, it is considered balance, therefore, it is considered this strategy is likely to this strategy is likely to result in a moderate positive effect result in a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable on the supply of affordable homes at the principal homes at the principle settlement. settlement. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive

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Warminster Under Strategy TR-A Warminster would be expected to Under Strategy TR-B Warminster would be expected to Under Strategy TR-C Warminster would be expected to deliver 1675 dwellings from 2016-2036 - lower than the deliver 1950 dwellings from 2016-2036 - higher than the deliver 1840 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into other strategies. Taking into account existing other strategies. Taking into account existing commitments, account existing commitments, this leaves no residual commitments, this leaves no residual requirement to this leaves no residual requirement to find. requirement to find. find. This means that, apart from existing commitments, no This means that, apart from existing commitments, no This means that, apart from existing commitments, no additional dwellings would be required in the latter part of additional dwellings would be required in the latter part of additional dwellings would be required in the latter part the plan period to 2036, resulting in a hiatus of activity. This the plan period to 2036, resulting in a hiatus of activity. of the plan period to 2036, resulting in a hiatus of is likely to have significant adverse effects on housing This is likely to have significant adverse effects on housing activity. This is likely to have significant adverse effects provision in the town, particularly for affordable housing. provision in the town, particularly for affordable housing. on housing provision in the town, particularly for affordable housing. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury Under Strategy TR-A Westbury would be expected to Under Strategy TR-B Westbury would be expected to Under Strategy TR-C Westbury would be expected to deliver 1305 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into deliver a significantly higher 1940 dwellings from 2016- deliver 1395 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into account existing commitments, this leaves a residual 2036. Taking into account existing commitments, this account existing commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of 195 dwellings. leaves a residual requirement of 830 dwellings. requirement of 285 dwellings. This provides limited opportunity for the supply of Levels of housing to be identified at Westbury is increased This provides limited opportunity for the supply of affordable housing in a location that has been delivering in this strategy which provides an improved opportunity for affordable housing in a location that has been delivering housing slightly above anticipated rates and target levels the supply of affordable housing in a location that has been housing slightly above anticipated rates and target levels of of affordable housing. Consequently, there is likely to be delivering housing slightly above anticipated rates and affordable housing. Consequently, there is likely to be a a minor positive effect on the supply of affordable target levels of affordable housing. Consequently, there is minor positive effect on the supply of affordable housing. housing. likely to be a moderate positive effect on the supply of affordable housing at the town. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of Under Strategy TR-A the Rest of the HMA would be Under Strategy TR-B the Rest of the HMA would be Under Strategy TR-C the Rest of the HMA would be HMA expected to deliver the lowest amount of 580 dwellings expected to deliver 865 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking expected to deliver a significantly higher 1095 dwellings from 2016-2036. Taking into account existing into account existing commitments, this leaves a residual from 2016-2036. Taking into account existing commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of 180 requirement of 465 dwellings. commitments, this leaves a residual requirement of 695 dwellings. The provision of homes in the rural areas under this dwellings. A continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth strategy would broadly match rates seen in the past 10 Despite the higher amount proposed, a continuation of at small and large villages is therefore likely to years (which have been above WCS rates) but could relatively low levels of housing growth at small and large exacerbate affordability issues in these parts of the potentially be targeted to help to support the vitality of rural villages is likely to exacerbate affordability issues in these HMA. The opportunity for the delivery of affordable areas, where a need has been identified. Therefore, overall, parts of the Rest of the HMA. The opportunity for the housing in rural areas is however limited by appropriate a small increase in levels of housing growth at small and delivery of affordable housing in rural areas is however site size and therefore the quantity of new affordable large villages under Strategy TR-B is unlikely to be limited by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity homes is likely to be small. These factors on balance are sufficient to address affordability issues in the rural parts of of new affordable homes is likely to be small. likely to result in a minor adverse effect on the supply of the HMA. This strategy would therefore be likely to result in These factors on balance is likely to result in a minor affordable homes in the rest of the HMA. a neutral effect on the supply of affordable homes in the positive effect on the supply of affordable homes in the rest rest of the HMA. of the HMA. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: neutral Likely effects: minor positive

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Average 0.2 Neutral effects are considered likely for this strategy 0.4 Neutral effects are considered likely for this strategy 0.2 Neutral effects are considered likely for this strategy score for overall, based on the assessment of all overall, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas overall, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas. this SA settlements/areas. but benefits will be greater than strategies TR-A and TR-C. objective Conclusions/Recommendations: • Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, although TR-A and TR-B both have neutral effects overall, Strategy TR-B is considered the most sustainable strategy against this objective as it is likely to have greater sustainability benefits than the other strategies. TR-B would ensure the remaining housing requirement would be distributed more evenly across the HMA which is considered more likely to result in greater positive effects than Strategies TR-A and TR-C, in terms of the provision of affordable homes.

• Strategy TR-C is considered the least sustainable strategy as it is considered likely to have minor adverse effects overall. TR-C would be the least likely to provide affordable homes where they are most needed with significant adverse effects occurring both in Bradford on Avon and in Warminster.

• Strategy TR-B, although considered the most sustainable strategy overall, allocates the lowest number of homes to the Principal Settlement of Trowbridge, which would affect a continuation of historic delivery of dwellings at the town. For significant benefits against this objective at Trowbridge, levels of growth would need to be increased, for example, on a par with TR-A.

• In Bradford on Avon the house price to earnings ratio has risen significantly from 9.84 in 2008 to 14.04 in 2017. The town is also highly constrained by Green Belt, considerably limiting land available for housing development. It is unclear whether the affordability ratio would be significantly affected given low growth proposed in any of the strategies and the housing requirement should be increased to have greater impacts. The provision of affordable housing at Bradford on Avon should be prioritised to meet identified needs, perhaps through application of a specific affordable housing policy requirement for the town that is higher than for other parts of Wiltshire, subject to viability testing.

• At Warminster, taking into account existing commitments, all of the strategies would result in a residual requirement of 0 dwellings. This means that, apart from existing commitments, no additional dwellings would be required in the latter part of the plan period to 2036, resulting in a hiatus of activity. This is likely to have significant adverse effects on housing provision in the town, particularly for affordable housing, and there would need to be a significant increase in the housing requirement to increase the benefits at Warminster.

• At Westbury, the only strategy likely to have significant benefits is TR-B which proposes a significantly higher amount of growth. TR-B provides an improved opportunity for the supply of affordable housing in a location that has been delivering housing slightly above anticipated rates and target levels of affordable housing. It is considered that Westbury could accommodate an even higher requirement to increase the benefits further.

• In the Rest of the HMA, strategies TR-A and TR-B would not be likely to have benefits overall for the rural villages as a continuation of relatively low levels of housing growth at small and large villages is likely to exacerbate affordability issues in rural parts of the HMA. The only strategy likely to offer any benefits, and even then, is unlikely to have a great effect on affordability issues i.e. reverse the trend, is TR-C, but the level proposed is only likely to have minor benefits. The requirement would need to be significantly increased in rural areas for any significant change in the upward trend to occur. It is recognised that the opportunity for the delivery of affordable housing in rural areas is however limited by appropriate site size and therefore the quantity of new affordable homes is likely to be small. A rural facilities survey should be undertaken to identify where the provision of homes could be targeted to help support the vitality of rural settlements in the HMA.

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

Trowbridge suffers from areas of high deprivation, with 15% of the local population living in areas of high deprivation. Additionally, a higher than Wiltshire wide average number of children and young people live in low-income families.

Warminster is subject to a higher than average rate of 0 to 25-year olds supported by children’s social care.

DAQ 3: Promote/create public spaces and community facilities that might support public health, civic, cultural, recreational and community functions? For this high-level stage of appraisal, it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options in relation to public spaces and community facilities. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be directly affected by the strategic distribution of housing and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

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Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford Proportionately low levels of growth are proposed for This strategy proposes proportionately low levels of This strategy proposes a significantly lower level of growth on Avon Bradford on Avon. Low rates of development are not growth for Bradford on Avon. This is an equivalent of the than TR-A and TR-B. New development is considered considered to be able to help overcome existing education roll forward (TR-A). As with TR-A, low rates of likely to be more positive than negative in terms of and health service capacity issues. However, there should development are not considered to be able to help reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more be benefits overall in terms of new jobs from 1ha overcome existing education and health service capacity inclusive communities. However, 275 dwellings are employment provision and provision of some affordable issues. However, there should be benefits overall in terms considered likely to make little difference overall for the housing. of provision of some affordable housing. town. Therefore, neutral effects are most likely. Provision of 520 new dwellings and 1ha employment is Provision of 520 new dwellings is considered likely to considered likely to have minor benefits against this have minor benefits against this objective. New objective. New development is considered likely to be development is considered likely to be more positive than more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and and deprivation and promoting more inclusive promoting more inclusive communities. communities. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: neutral Trowbridge Continuing the current strategy would lead to a This strategy proposes the lowest level of housing growth A moderate level of growth proportionate to the settlement proportionately moderate level of growth for Trowbridge. at Trowbridge and no employment is proposed. of Trowbridge is proposed. This level of development could This level of growth may place additional pressures on This level of growth may place additional pressures on be capable of leading to investment in services and this existing services and facilities – there is currently existing services and facilities – there is currently strategy is likely to lead to a positive effect on reducing significant pressure on health and education facilities in significant pressure on health and education facilities in poverty and deprivation, health and education in the town. However, it could also lead to investment in key the town. However, it should also have benefits in terms Trowbridge. services and is likely to have a positive effect on reducing of provision of affordable housing and new or expanded New development is considered likely to be more positive poverty and deprivation, health and education in education/community/cultural/ recreational facilities, and than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation Trowbridge. This level of growth is comparatively higher creation of new areas of public open space that could and promoting more inclusive communities. than those proposed by the other strategies and would help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. This level of growth is lower than rolling forward the current provide the greatest benefits. Thus, this strategy is likely to New development is considered likely to be more positive strategy. However, overall, TR-C is likely to have moderate have moderate positive effects on objective 9. than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation positive effects on this objective. and promoting more inclusive communities. Overall, moderate positive effects are likely. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Warminster Proportionately low and similar levels of growth are Proportionately low and similar levels of growth are Proportionately low and similar levels of growth are proposed in all strategies for Warminster, with no proposed in all strategies for Warminster, with no proposed in all strategies for Warminster, with no employment allocation. Warminster requires a significant employment allocation. Warminster requires a significant employment allocation. Warminster requires a significant amount of development to address the secondary school amount of development to address the secondary school amount of development to address the secondary school capacity issues. capacity issues. capacity issues. However, this strategy should also have some benefits in However, this strategy should also have some benefits in However, this strategy should also have some benefits in terms of provision of affordable housing and new or terms of provision of affordable housing and new or terms of provision of affordable housing and new or expanded education/community/ cultural/ recreational expanded education/community/ cultural/ recreational expanded education/community/ cultural/ recreational facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space facilities, and creation of new areas of public open space that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical that could help reduce social isolation and allow physical exercise. exercise. exercise.

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New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. and promoting more inclusive communities. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Westbury Proportionately low levels of growth are proposed for Strategy TR-B proposes significantly higher levels of Strategy TR-C proposes a slightly higher level than the roll Westbury. Development at Westbury could help overcome growth at Westbury proportionate to the settlement. When forward of the Core Strategy, however this remains a low issues of deprivation and an emerging GP capacity gap. compared to TR-A and TR-C, higher levels of level in proportion to the settlement. Development at School expansion/ additional provision may be required to development at Westbury could help overcome issues of Westbury could help overcome issues of deprivation and meet the needs of new development beyond 2026. This deprivation and an emerging GP capacity gap. Further, an emerging GP capacity gap. Secondary school strategy, along with Strategy TR-C has the lowest this strategy has the highest amount of development expansion/additional provision is likely to be required. comparative amount of development proposed at allocated to Westbury compared to the other strategies. Overall, the strategy is likely to have minor positive effects Westbury. It is unclear at this stage whether low levels of Despite limited opportunities to expand existing schools, on Westbury for this objective. It is unclear at this stage development would be capable of reducing poverty and there is some surplus capacity apparent. It is likely that it whether low levels of development would be capable of deprivation, lack of GP capacity and school expansion. could have overall moderate positive effects for Westbury overcoming issues of deprivation, lack of GP capacity and Overall, the strategy is likely to have minor positive effects for this objective. school expansion. for Westbury for this objective. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of There is an opportunity for growth in rural areas to lead to There is an opportunity for growth in rural areas to lead to This strategy proposes the highest level of growth when HMA increased access to services and facilities, reducing rural increased access to services and facilities, reducing rural compared with the roll forward. There is an opportunity for isolation, but there is a degree of uncertainty at this stage, isolation, but due to the degree of uncertainty at this growth in rural areas to lead to increased access to particularly regarding the location of development. stage, particularly regarding the location of development. services and facilities, reducing rural isolation. A degree of New development is considered likely to be more positive New development is considered likely to be more positive uncertainty remains at this stage, particularly regarding the than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation location of development. This strategy has the largest and promoting more inclusive communities, but benefits and promoting more inclusive communities, but benefits amount of scope to lead to positive effects on the Rest of are not likely to be significant. are not likely to be significant. the HMA. Overall, minor positive effects are considered likely. This strategy proposes a higher level of growth than the At this stage it is considered likely that there will be roll forward, but at this stage minor positive effects on the moderate positive effects on the Rest of the HMA for Rest of the HMA for objective 9 are considered likely. objective 9. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Average 1.2 Overall, this strategy is likely to have minor positive 1.4 Overall, this strategy is likely to have minor positive 1.2 Overall, this strategy is likely to have minor positive score for effects on objective 9. effects on objective 9. effects on objective 9. this SA objective Conclusions and Recommendations: • Based on scores overall across all settlements/areas, all strategies are likely to have minor positive effects against this objective. However, Strategy TR-B is the most sustainable option as it will lead to the greater number of benefits overall.

• Strategies TR-A and TR-C score equally and are considered the least sustainable strategies as they will have fewer benefits than TR-B.

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• New development is considered likely to be more positive than negative in terms of reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities because development can provide new jobs, affordable housing, new or expanded education/community/cultural/recreational facilities, and create new areas of public open space and green infrastructure that could help reduce social isolation and allow greater levels of physical exercise. All strategies promote the same overall level of development and therefore score similarly against this objective. Increasing levels of growth in all settlements/areas, providing there is commensurate investment in infrastructure, services and facilities, is likely to have a positive effect on this objective.

• Any growth in Westbury will have to balance the positive impacts of development, including provision of affordable housing, against the potential negative impact on schools, particularly at secondary level. Strategy TR-B is the most favourable of the strategies; it proposes significantly higher levels of growth at Westbury proportionate to the settlement. When compared to TR-A and TR-C, higher levels of development at Westbury could help reduce issues of deprivation, an emerging GP capacity gap and be more likely to improve the issue of secondary school capacity. Despite limited opportunities to expand Matravers school, higher levels of growth at Westbury are needed if a new or expanded secondary school is to be provided.

• For new development to be effective in reducing poverty and deprivation and promoting more inclusive communities, it will be very important that all new housing development includes a range of house types/tenures and a level of affordable housing that will actually help reduce the affordability ratio, which is particularly high in Bradford on Avon and in the rural parts of the HMA. All new development should provide the essential services and facilities that are needed to avoid increasing pressure on existing services and also reduces the need to travel and reduces out-commuting.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Promote mixed use developments, in accessible locations, that reduce the need to travel and reliance on the private car?

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Within the Rest of HMA, links to the highway network vary as do the levels of existing transport capacity. That being said, the majority of settlements in the rest of HMA will likely be less accessible to services and increase the likelihood of increasing usage of transport corridors with lower levels of capacity.

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Accessibility in Westbury largely lies with the A350 primary route. Rail and bus services offer opportunities to provide alternatives to private car travel.

The often rural nature of the rest of the HMA leads to a large variance in the nature and availability of transport infrastructure, both in public transport and highway terms. Existing sustainable transport infrastructure in the rest of the HMA is often limited due to the remote location of certain areas with in-frequent public transport services and accessibility. Efficient use of existing transport systems in these locations is consequently more likely to be constrained by the lack of current infrastructure.

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Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford TR-A is one of the strategies directing comparatively TR-B is one of the strategies directing comparatively more TR-C directs proportionately and comparatively low levels on Avon more housing growth to Bradford on Avon (although housing growth to Bradford on Avon (although still of housing growth to Bradford on Avon. Given the low still proportionately low) along with, in this option, a proportionately low). While being proportionately low this figure this level of development is assessed as having a small quota of employment. While being level of development is assessed as having a likely minor likely neutral effect against this objective at this stage. proportionately low, this level of development is adverse effect against this objective with mitigation to assessed as having a likely minor adverse effect alleviate further congestion and the ability to maximise active against this objective with mitigation to alleviate further travel appearing more complex at this stage. congestion and the ability to maximise active travel appearing more complex at this stage. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: neutral Trowbridge Focusing development at Trowbridge may take Proportionately less growth is focussed on Trowbridge Focusing this proportionately moderate level of growth at advantage of key sustainable transport services, however the figure remains relatively high. Focusing this level Trowbridge may take advantage of key sustainable however given Trowbridge town centre suffers from of development here may take advantage of key services transport services, however given Trowbridge town centre peak time delays the subsequent impact this level of however given Trowbridge town centre suffers from peak suffers from peak time delays the subsequent impact this development may have on congestion and time delays the subsequent impact this level of development level of development may have on congestion and subsequently both private and public transport must be may have on congestion and subsequently both private and subsequently both private and public transport must be considered. public transport must be considered. considered. Given the level of growth is relatively high and the With mitigation and likely effects of this level of growth Given the mitigation measures remain unclear at this mitigation measures remain unclear at this stage, this remaining unclear, this location for growth is currently stage, this location for growth is currently assessed as location for growth is currently assessed as having a assessed as having a moderate adverse effect against this having a moderate adverse effect against this objective. moderate adverse effect against this objective. objective. Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster At Warminster this alternative development strategy While marginally higher, a proportionately low level of growth At Warminster this alternative development strategy effectively ties growth to current level of commitments. is proposed at Warminster. Growth at this proportionately low effectively ties growth to current level of commitments. Growth at this proportionately low level is assessed as level is assessed as having a likely minor adverse effect Growth at this proportionately low level is assessed as having a likely minor adverse effect against this against this objective. having a likely minor adverse effect against this objective. objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury At Westbury this proportionately lower level of The higher level of proportionate growth being focussed on At Westbury this proportionately lower level of development is currently assessed as having a minor Westbury is currently assessed as having a moderate adverse development is currently assessed as having a minor adverse effect against this objective given the ability to effect given the extent to which mitigation can combat adverse effect against this objective given the ability to mitigate additional congestion and maximise additional congestion and maximise sustainability is currently mitigate additional congestion and maximise sustainable sustainable transport usage is currently unknown. unknown. It is acknowledged that employment growth is also transport usage is currently unknown. suggested under this strategy for Westbury, while it could be argued this may provide an opportunity to enhance sustainable and active travel and increase self-containment, precise assessment of this effect is not yet possible. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Likely effects: minor adverse

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Rest of A continuation of the current levels of growth in the rest While relatively low growth continues to be identified for the Focusing a higher level of growth, both housing and HMA of HMA may place growth in locations with reduced rest of HMA growth in these locations may place employment, in the rest of HMA may place development in access to sustainable modes of transport. For development in locations with reduced access to sustainable locations with reduced access to sustainable modes of development to mitigate this effect it would need to modes of transport. For development to mitigate this effect it transport. For development to mitigate this effect it would improve the availability of sustainable transport would need to improve the availability of sustainable transport need to improve the availability of sustainable transport provision and accessibility. Given the extent to which provision and accessibility. provision and accessibility. This relatively moderate level of this is possible remains unclear at this stage. This level Given the extent to which this is possible remains unclear at growth in combination with the uncertainty over the of growth in the Rest of HMA is assessed as having a this stage. This level of growth in the Rest of HMA is geographical location of growth and the level to which minor adverse effect against this objective. assessed as having a minor adverse effect against this sustainability may be achieved means this level of growth in objective. these locations is currently assessed as having a moderate adverse effect against this objective. Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: minor adverse Likely effects: moderate adverse Average -1.2 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered -1.4 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most -1.2 Overall, minor adverse effects are considered most score for most likely, based on the assessment of all likely, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas. likely, based on the assessment of all settlements/areas. this SA settlements/areas. objective Conclusions/Recommendations: • Strategies TR-A and TR-C have less adverse effects overall. Both strategies score equally and are the most sustainable. • Strategy TR-B is considered the least sustainable as it has the greatest adverse effects overall, with significant effects likely in both Trowbridge and Westbury.

• All strategies are considered likely to have minor adverse effects overall. However, those settlements and areas that have the highest levels of proposed growth i.e. Trowbridge (all strategies), Westbury (TR-B) and Rest of HMA (TR-C) are likely to have significant effects with mitigation likely to be problematic.

• Trowbridge - has been identified as having a relatively high level of growth across all the strategies though proportionately, the figure is slightly lower for strategy TR-B. As has been highlighted, Trowbridge benefits from good strategic transport links along with access to a wide range of sustainable transport services. While it is beneficial to locate development in such locations, the significance of effect for all strategies is reflective of the level of risk that comes with this level of growth in a town that has been identified as suffering from peak time congestion on some key strategic routes. Likely effects are somewhat uncertain given the acknowledgment that mitigation could manage this level of growth to ensure congestion is managed and sustainability maximised. Equally the uncertainty reflects that assessment is likely to change once further detail emerges around the sustainability of development in transport terms and the mitigation possible that may vary in different locations.

• Westbury – effects vary fairly significantly across the strategies. Westbury is located on the A350 primary route which passes through the town centre causing delays on the current road layout. While bus and rail services are available, this congestion can impact on both private and public transport provision. The options identifying proportionately lower levels of growth at Westbury, namely TR-A & TR-C, while having a lower assessed impact against this objective, may preclude the viability of highway improvement measures that could accompany larger levels of growth. Similarly, while the impact of the relatively higher level of growth identified in TR-B has been identified as significant, this is associated with the risk that comes with this level of development to a town struggling with congestion on a primary route. This uncertainty reflects that the assessment is likely to change once further detail emerges around the sustainability of development in transport terms and the mitigation possible that can vary in different locations with differing levels of development.

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• Bradford on Avon - is identified as having congestion problems on the A363 with the historic fabric of the town, its hilly topography and environmental constraints not only precluding clear road infrastructure mitigation but also restricting active travel connectivity. Although bus and rail services offer sustainable transport options within the town. With these factors in mind, and the impact further development may have on; the road network; the reliability of sustainable transport; and the poor pedestrian environment, the levels of development suggested within strategies TR-A & TR-B are currently assessed as having likely negative effects. Significant effects are not apportioned as the low level of development in association with the sustainable transport options available offer the opportunity to manage impacts through sustainability methods. However, the impact on the restricted road network would need to be carefully monitored.

• Low levels of growth are proposed at Warminster across all the options. Warminster presents good public transport provision by rail and bus. Growth at this level is unlikely to have a major impact however it will need to be monitored against the risk factors present including town centre and peak hour traffic congestion effecting private and public transport. It is considered that growth levels at Warminster could be higher without significantly impacting on the aims of this objective.

• It’s considered key to locate development at locations that make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure and can facilitate advancements in the use of sustainable transport. Therefore, favourable locations should be in well-connected areas that benefit from good accessibility to a wide range of sustainable transport options, or in locations that can facilitate improvements in such factors.

• Development should contribute to improving sustainable transport networks; this includes linking town centres with development sites as well as linking settlements together. Development proposals should carefully consider schemes to significantly reduce private car use. Strong investment may be required to improve public transport services and safe walking/cycling links, particularly within the town centres.

• Mixed-use development proposals are recommended as this will help increase self-containment and reduce need to travel.

• Significant new highway infrastructure may be necessary in Trowbridge and Westbury along with the rest of the HMA if certain levels of growth in the strategies are taken forward.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Question (DAQ) 1: Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)? The relationship with the town centre, and its immediate and wider rural context is complex and will also rely on trade from retail and non-retail businesses. Additional growth will inevitably contribute, to some extent, to the vitality and viability of town centres. At this stage, in the absence of specific site options to consider, the proximity of future housing and employment development to the town centres cannot be determined and therefore will not be considered as part of this high-level assessment but will be assessed at later stages.

DAQ 2: Provide a variety of employment land to meet all needs, including those for higher skilled employment uses that are (or can be made) easily accessible by sustainable transport?

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The Local Plan Review is at an early stage of preparation and, consequently, details of the distribution and range of employment uses that will be provided is not known. Therefore, for this high- level stage of appraisal it is difficult to make notable distinctions between the options against this objective. It is assumed that these matters would not necessarily be affected by the strategic distribution of employment land and so no conclusions on this aspect of the strategic objective have been made at this stage.

The extent that strategies can promote a balance between residential and employment development will, in part, depend on the existing provision in terms of housing stock and employment uses, the relationship between them, and the relationship/connectivity of a settlement with other parts of the HMA/FEMA (which themselves are strongly influenced by travel to work areas) and adjacent areas. The provision of employment development in isolation could, for example, be more likely to lead to an increase in travel distances but not necessarily if it was located in an area of relatively higher rates of unemployment. The same might apply in areas where employment vacancies are high, or jobs are expected to increase. This will, however, depend on the extent that the skills base of the unemployed in the local area match that provided by any new employers.

Of the total need of 182ha of employment land identified in the FEMA, a substantial proportion can be met from existing operational employment sites and site allocations leaving 26ha to be met from additional allocations across the county. Due to the extent of existing employment provision, none of the three strategies would be likely to result in major positive or negative effects, as the vast majority is already being met by current employment sites or existing commitments.

Employment allocations are often subject to speculative housing applications and therefore at risk of loss during the plan period.

At Westbury total employment has stagnated since 2009. There is a high concentration of jobs in transportation & storage, and noticeable concentrations in Manufacturing and Construction. Welton Bibby & Baron have invested significantly at their WWTE site following relocation to the area. There has been significant investment into Hawke Ridge Business Park, located next to the A350 between Westbury and Trowbridge. There is a low level of unemployment at the town.

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At Warminster, total employment has stagnated since 2009. There is a noticeable concentration of jobs in Education, Health & Social Work, and Manufacturing. Planning permission to deliver several new business starter and industrial units was granted on Warminster Business Park last year, which would see the creation of over 40,000 sq ft of new B use space in the town. The town has low levels of unemployment but there is a very limited supply of employment sites and premises available in Warminster.

Settlement/ Strategy TR – A (Current Strategy) Strategy TR – B (Westbury Growth Point) Strategy TR – C (Greater Rural Focus) Area Bradford Under this strategy 1ha of additional employment land Under this strategy no additional employment land would Under this strategy no additional employment land would on Avon would be allocated at Bradford on Avon. The additional be allocated at Bradford on Avon. Due to the small be allocated at Bradford on Avon. Due to the small number employment land available for new and expanding number of homes allocated to the town the effects of this of homes allocated to the town the effects are unlikely to businesses is limited in scale but this would be consistent strategy are unlikely to be negative. be negative. with constraints and the relatively low level of additional Overall this strategy is likely to result in minor positive The small amount of housing proposed will help to support homes being proposed for the town. The affordability ratio effects at the town. local businesses, the town centre and provide an for housing is high for BoA so the resultant effect would, to increased supply of local labour. some extent, be dependent on the type of employment Overall, this strategy is predicted to result in minor positive delivered i.e. whether the employees could afford to live effects at the town. However, these benefits will be less near to where they work. than for TR-A and TR-B. The small amount of housing proposed will help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. Consequently, this strategy is predicted to result in a minor positive effect overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Trowbridge Under this strategy no additional employment land would Under this strategy no additional employment land would Under this strategy no additional employment land would be required at Trowbridge, the same as for TR-B and TR- be required at Trowbridge, the same as for TR-A and TR- be required at Trowbridge, the same as for TR-A and TR- C. Given the outstanding residual requirement of only 1ha C. Given the outstanding residual requirement of only 1ha C. Given the outstanding residual requirement of only 1ha across the HMA, the supply of outstanding and existing across the HMA, the supply of outstanding and existing across the HMA, the supply of outstanding and existing commitments is likely to be sufficient to balance the commitments is likely to be sufficient to balance the commitments is likely to be sufficient to balance the housing growth proposed against this strategy. This housing growth proposed against this strategy. This housing growth proposed against this strategy. This would, would, however, depend on existing commitments being would, however, depend on existing commitments being however, depend on existing commitments being retained retained and delivered. retained and delivered. and delivered. Given the significant amount of housing (5940 dwellings) Given the significant amount of housing (4920 dwellings) Given the significant amount of housing (5585 dwellings) proposed under this strategy, however, this will help proposed under this strategy, however, this will help proposed under this strategy, however, this will help significantly to support local businesses, the town centre, significantly to support local businesses, the town centre, significantly to support local businesses, the town centre, retail and employment parks around the town and provide retail and employment parks around the town and provide retail and employment parks around the town and provide a significantly increased supply of local labour. a significantly increased supply of local labour. a significantly increased supply of local labour. Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely. However, benefits would be more if employment land was However, benefits would be more if employment land was However, benefits would be more if employment land was also proposed to help balance the housing growth. also proposed to help balance the housing growth. also proposed to help balance the housing growth. Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: moderate positive Warminster At Warminster no additional employment land would be At Warminster no additional employment land would be At Warminster no additional employment land would be allocated at the town. However, it is assumed that existing allocated at the town. However, it is assumed that existing allocated at the town. However, it is assumed that existing

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commitments would be broadly sufficient to provide commitments would be broadly sufficient to provide commitments would be broadly sufficient to provide balanced growth for the town. balanced growth for the town. balanced growth for the town. The relatively small amount of housing under this strategy, The relatively small amount of housing under this strategy, The relatively small amount of housing under this strategy, the same as TR-C, will help to support local businesses, although slightly higher than TR-A and TR-C, will help to the same as TR-A, will help to support local businesses, the town centre and provide an increased supply of local support local businesses, the town centre and provide an the town centre and provide an increased supply of local labour. increased supply of local labour. Providing that existing labour. Providing that existing commitments are delivered for commitments are delivered for employment uses, this Providing that existing commitments are delivered for employment uses, this strategy would be likely to have strategy would be likely to have minor positive effects employment uses, this strategy would be likely to have minor positive effects overall. overall. minor positive effects overall. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Westbury Under this strategy there would be no additional Under this strategy there would be 1ha additional Under this strategy there would be no additional employment land allocated at Westbury. Whilst there is a employment land allocated at Westbury but also a higher employment land allocated at Westbury. Whilst there is a relatively low residual need for homes to be delivered over level of housing compared to Strategies TR-A and TR-C. relatively low residual need for homes to be delivered over the same period, it is therefore assumed (from the FEMA Although this represents the largest allocation of the same period, it is therefore assumed (from the FEMA evidence) that existing commitments would be broadly employment of the three strategies it is relatively small evidence) that existing commitments would be broadly sufficient to meet local employment needs for Westbury. scale for a town the size of Westbury. However, there sufficient to meet local employment needs for Westbury. The relatively low level of housing under this strategy will would also be a significantly higher number of homes The relatively low level of housing under this strategy, still help to support local businesses, the town centre and delivered under this strategy. which is a slight increase over TR-A, will still help to provide an increased supply of local labour. Overall, moderate positive effects are considered likely support local businesses, the town centre and provide an It is predicted that the strategy would have minor positive against this objective. increased supply of local labour. effects for the town. It is predicted that this strategy would have minor positive effects for the town. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: moderate positive Likely effects: minor positive Rest of Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy no employment land would be Under this strategy 1ha of employment land would be HMA allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean a allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean a allocated for the rest of the HMA. This would mean an continuation of the existing approach to the provision of continuation of the existing approach to the provision of increase in the existing provision of employment land to employment land to meet local needs in rural areas. employment land to meet local needs in rural areas. balance the allocation of significantly higher additional The relatively low level of housing under this strategy will The relatively low level of housing under this strategy will homes under this strategy. still help to support local businesses, the town centre and still help to support local businesses, the town centre and However, given that the benefits of this increased growth provide an increased supply of local labour. provide an increased supply of local labour. will be spread out across a wide rural area, benefits are not It is predicted that this strategy would have minor positive It is predicted that this strategy would have minor positive expected to be significant and this strategy is also likely to effects overall. effects overall. have minor positive effects. Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Likely effects: minor positive Average 1.2 Overall, taking into account the assessment across all 1.4 Overall, taking into account the assessment across all 1.2 Overall, taking into account the assessment across all score for settlements/areas, minor positive effects are considered settlements/areas, minor positive effects are considered settlements/areas, minor positive effects are considered this SA likely for this strategy. likely for this strategy. likely for this strategy. objective Conclusions and Recommendations: • Although all strategies are likely to have minor positive effects overall, Strategy TR-B is considered the most sustainable option as it is likely to have greater benefits across all areas. This is as a result of this strategy proposing significant amounts of growth at both Trowbridge and Westbury which is likely to have significant benefits against this objective.

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• Overall, Strategies TR-A and TR-C score equally and are the joint least sustainable strategies as they are likely to have less benefits across all areas. In these two strategies, significant benefits are only likely at Trowbridge and at no other settlement or area.

• Strategy TR-A directs the employment requirement to where it would be more likely to have a positive effect, i.e. the smaller settlement of Bradford on Avon. However, with only 1ha employment and 520 new dwellings, this is not likely to have significant benefits for the local economy.

• With regards Bradford on Avon, Warminster and Rest of the HMA, none of the strategies are likely to have significant benefits in these areas. There would need to be a significant increase in both housing and employment provision for their local economies to be significantly benefitted.

• Although there is limited requirement for employment land, it is possible that site allocations for the HMA may be suitable for mixed use development that could result in more than 1ha of additional employment land being identified. Whilst this would increase the options available for businesses looking to expand or relocate in Wiltshire, it could also lead to unintended loss or non-delivery of sustainable employment land elsewhere. This will need to be monitored and taken into consideration during plan preparation.

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Annex I - Trowbridge Housing Market Area (HMA) - Assessment of Emerging Preferred Strategy

Settlement/area Emerging Preferred Strategy Housing Employment (ha) Bradford on Avon 350 0 Trowbridge 5830 0 Warminster 2050 0 Westbury 1820 1 Rest of HMA 950 0 TOTAL 11000 1

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 1: Protect and enhance all biodiversity and geological features and avoid irreversible losses

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Bradford on Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-C. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Avon Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA TR-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA TR-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 110 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-A. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-A above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 100 dwellings more. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.6 moderate adverse effects

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Conclusions/Recommendations: Moderate adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas considered most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Trowbridge, Warminster and Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 2: Ensure efficient and effective use of land and the use of suitably located previously developed land and buildings

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 3: Use and manage water resources in a sustainable manner

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Protect surface, ground and drinking water quality? 2. Direct development to sites where adequate water supply, foul drainage, sewage treatment facilities and surface water drainage is available? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Bradford on Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-C. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Avon Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA TR-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA TR-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 110 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-A. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-A above. Likely effects: moderate adverse

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Warminster Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 100 dwellings more. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Westbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.6 moderate adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Moderate adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas considered most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Trowbridge, Warminster and Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 4: Improve air quality and minimise all sources of environmental pollution

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Bradford on Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-C. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Avon Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA TR-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA TR-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 110 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-A. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-A above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 100 dwellings more. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas considered most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Trowbridge and Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 5: Minimise impacts on climate change (mitigation) and reduce vulnerability to future climate change effects (adaptation)).

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Sustainability Appraisal Objective 6: Protect, maintain and enhance the historic environment

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Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.4 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas considered most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Trowbridge and Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 7: Conserve and enhance the character and quality of rural and urban landscapes, maintaining and strengthening local distinctiveness and sense of place

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Bradford on Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-C. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Avon Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA TR-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA TR-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 110 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-A. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-A above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 100 dwellings more. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.2 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The area considered most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective is Trowbridge.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 8: Provide everyone with the opportunity to live in good quality, affordable housing, and ensure an appropriate mix of dwelling sizes, types and tenures

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ)

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1. Provide an adequate supply of affordable housing? 2. Support the provision of a range of house types and sizes to meet the needs of all sectors of the community? 3. Deliver high quality residential development?

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Bradford on Overall adverse effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-C. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings Avon more. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly greater than LHNA TR-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA TR-C above. Likely effects: minor adverse Trowbridge Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 110 dwellings less. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-A. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-A above. Likely effects: moderate positive Warminster Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 100 dwellings more. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: minor positive Westbury Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: neutral Average score for this SA objective: 0.8 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor benefits likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas considered most likely to have significant benefits against this objective are Trowbridge and Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 9: Reduce poverty and deprivation and promote more inclusive communities with better services and facilities.

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Westbury Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 1.4 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor benefits likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas considered most likely to experience significant benefits against this objective are Trowbridge and Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 10: Reduce the need to travel and promote more sustainable transport choices

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ) 1. Promote mixed use developments, in accessible locations, that reduce the need to travel and reliance on the private car? 2. Provide suitable access and not significantly exacerbate issues of local transport capacity (unless there is evidence that such impacts can be mitigated)? 3. Make efficient use of existing transport infrastructure? 4. Provide the opportunity to create additional sustainable transport infrastructure including safe active travel? Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Bradford on Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-C. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings more. Avon Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA TR-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA TR-C above. Likely effects: neutral Trowbridge Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 110 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-A. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-A above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Warminster Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 100 dwellings more. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: minor adverse Westbury Overall effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Adverse effects are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate adverse Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: minor adverse Average score for this SA objective: -1.2 minor adverse effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor adverse effects likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas considered most likely to experience significant adverse effects against this objective are Trowbridge and Westbury.

Sustainability Appraisal Objective 11: Encourage a vibrant and diversified economy and provide for long-term sustainable economic growth

Decision-Aiding Questions (DAQ)

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1. Support the vitality and viability of town centres (proximity to town centres, built up areas, station hub)? 2. Provide a variety of employment land to meet all needs, including those for higher skilled employment uses that are (or can be made) easily accessible by sustainable transport? 3. Contribute to the provision of infrastructure that will help to promote economic growth? 4. Promote a balance between residential and employment development to help reduce travel distances to work?

Settlement/Area Likely effects of Emerging Preferred Strategy per settlement/area Bradford on Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-C. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 50 dwellings Avon more. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA TR-C. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA TR-C above. Likely effects: minor positive Trowbridge Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-A. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 110 dwellings less. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-A. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-A above. Likely effects: moderate positive Warminster Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 100 dwellings more. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly more significant than LHNA Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for LHNA Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: minor positive Westbury Overall beneficial effects considered likely to be similar to Standard Method Strategy TR-B. However, this emerging strategy would deliver 120 dwellings less. Benefits are therefore likely to be slightly less significant than Standard Method Strategy TR-B. Refer to the assessment findings for Standard Method Strategy TR-B above. Likely effects: moderate positive Rest of HMA Overall effects considered likely to be the same as Local Housing Needs Assessment (LHNA) Strategy TR-B. Refer to that assessment above. Likely effects: minor positive Average score for this SA objective: 1.4 minor positive effects Conclusions/Recommendations: Minor benefits likely overall for this emerging strategy. The areas considered most likely to experience significant benefits against this objective are Trowbridge and Westbury.

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