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The Past, Present, and Future of English Dialects: Quantifying Convergence, Divergence, and Dynamic Equilibrium
Language Variation and Change, 22 (2010), 69–104. © Cambridge University Press, 2010 0954-3945/10 $16.00 doi:10.1017/S0954394510000013 The past, present, and future of English dialects: Quantifying convergence, divergence, and dynamic equilibrium WARREN M AGUIRE AND A PRIL M C M AHON University of Edinburgh P AUL H EGGARTY University of Cambridge D AN D EDIU Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics ABSTRACT This article reports on research which seeks to compare and measure the similarities between phonetic transcriptions in the analysis of relationships between varieties of English. It addresses the question of whether these varieties have been converging, diverging, or maintaining equilibrium as a result of endogenous and exogenous phonetic and phonological changes. We argue that it is only possible to identify such patterns of change by the simultaneous comparison of a wide range of varieties of a language across a data set that has not been specifically selected to highlight those changes that are believed to be important. Our analysis suggests that although there has been an obvious reduction in regional variation with the loss of traditional dialects of English and Scots, there has not been any significant convergence (or divergence) of regional accents of English in recent decades, despite the rapid spread of a number of features such as TH-fronting. THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF ENGLISH DIALECTS Trudgill (1990) made a distinction between Traditional and Mainstream dialects of English. Of the Traditional dialects, he stated (p. 5) that: They are most easily found, as far as England is concerned, in the more remote and peripheral rural areas of the country, although some urban areas of northern and western England still have many Traditional Dialect speakers. -
Teaching the Art of Poetry Using Dialect in Your Poems
TEACHING THE ART OF POETRY USING DIALECT IN YOUR POEMS by Liz Berry hinny … glinder … jinnyspins … dayclean1 Choosing to write poems using dialect is like finding a locked box full of treasure. You know there’s all sorts of magical things inside, you just have to find the key that will let you in. So put down your notebook, close your laptop, and start listening to the voices around you. For this is the way in, the place where the strongest dialect poetry starts: a voice you can hear. That’s how writing in Black Country dialect started for me - by listening to the voices of the area I’d grown up in. The Black Country dialect has long been mocked as guttural and middle-earthy but to me it’s beautiful because the people I love best have spoken it. None of them are poets but to me their language is the stuff of poetry. I started listening more carefully, rooting around in the past. It was like digging up my own Staffordshire Hoard; a field full of spectacular words, sounds and phrases glinting out of the muck. I was inspired by other poets who’d written using dialect. The brilliant Faber Book of Vernacular Verse edited by Tom Paulin presents a wonderful alternative poetic tradition. It praises the 'springy, irreverent, chanting, often tender and intimate, vernacular voice … which speaks for an alternative community that is mostly powerless and invisible'. Contemporary poets like Kathleen Jamie, Daljit Nagra and Jen Hadfield continue the tradition in fresh and irresistible ways. Reading their work you’re bowled over by the fizz and charm of dialect and how poetry can be a powerful way of protecting and celebrating the spoken language of regions and communities. -
TO LET GATEWAY SITE at I54 INDUSTRIAL UNIT JUNCTION 2 67,884 Ft² (6,306 M²) M54 MOTORWAY 1 Innovation Drive, I54, Wolverhampton WV9 5GA
AVAILABLE NOW TO LET GATEWAY SITE AT i54 INDUSTRIAL UNIT JUNCTION 2 67,884 ft² (6,306 m²) M54 MOTORWAY 1 Innovation Drive, i54, Wolverhampton WV9 5GA www.apex54.co.uk HIGH PROFILE Apex@54 provides more than 67,000 ft² of manufacturing and office space at the high profile i54 site, next to Jaguar Land Rover. Occupying a prime site fronting junction 2 of the M54 motorway, Apex@54 is located immediately adjacent to the new access road leading to phase 2 of the i54 Business Park. The 300 acre, i54 site has been attractively landscaped to include footpaths and cycle routes to create an outstanding working environment. Over 2.5 million ft² of new buildings have been built to date with some 2,700 people employed across the current businesses. Occupiers include MOOG, Atlas Copco, ISP and eurofins. THE SITE POND Gly il 69 CAR PARKING SPACES PARKING CAR 69 il INNOVATION DRIVE INNOVATION 29 CAR PARKING SPACES . N 22 CAR PARKING SPACES SPECIFICATION Warehouse External • 12m clear internal height • Secure 40m deep yard • 50 kn/m2 floor loading • 120 parking spaces • 1MVA power supply • 20 EV charging points • 2 dock levellers • Covered shelter for 14 cycles • 4 ground level doors • 3.2 acre site • PV panels already installed Offices • Access flooring throughout EPC rating • Comfort cooling / heating Yet to be assessed • Lift access to all floors • Potential expansion space to the 2nd floor Specification Floor Ft² m² Ground floor 63,888 5,935 First floor offices 3,996 371 67,884 6,306 Tenure Planning The property is available on a Industrial and manufacturing new lease on terms to be agreed uses (B2 of the town and country planning order) Service Charge A service charge is payable Business Rates to the management company Business rates are yet to be established to deal with all assessed. -
A Science & Innovation Audit for the West Midlands
A Science & Innovation Audit for the West Midlands June 2017 A Science & Innovation Audit for the West Midlands Contents Foreword 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 2. Economic and research landscape .................................................................................... 4 3. The West Midlands SIA Framework ................................................................................. 15 4. Innovation Ecosystem ....................................................................................................... 18 5. Enabling Competencies .................................................................................................... 38 6. Market Strengths ................................................................................................................ 49 7. Key findings and moving forward .................................................................................... 73 Annex A: Case Studies ........................................................................................................ A-1 www.sqw.co.uk A Science & Innovation Audit for the West Midlands Foreword In a year of change and challenge on other fronts, this last year has also been one of quiet revolution. This year has seen a dramatic increase across the UK in the profile of science and innovation as a key driver of productivity and its potential to improve the way our public services are delivered. The potential has always -
Wolverhampton City Council OPEN EXECUTIVE DECISION ITEM (AMBER)
Agenda Item: 5D Wolverhampton City Council OPEN EXECUTIVE DECISION ITEM (AMBER) CABINET Date 10 OCTOBER 2012 Portfolio(s) COUNCILLOR P BILSON/ ECONOMIC REGENERATION & ENTERPRISE Originating Service Group(s) PARTNERSHIPS, ECONOMY AND CULTURE Contact Officer(s)/ GRAHAM CLARK / MARK TAYLOR KEY DECISION: NO Telephone Number(s) 5850 6609 IN FORWARD PLAN: YES Title BLACK COUNTRY ENTERPRISE ZONE – BUSINESS RATE UPLIFT. RECOMMENDATION 1) That Cabinet endorse the principles for the retention, management and use of the Black Country Enterprise Zone business rate uplift, namely: i. For i54 the business rate uplift is returned to Wolverhampton City Council and Staffordshire County Council to reimburse the two authorities for the financial investment made to deliver the motorway link and other on-site infrastructure works. ii. For the remaining Enterprise Zone sites business rate uplift is pooled into a Black Country Investment Fund to be deployed by the Black Country LEP to support the Black Country’s economic priorities. 2) That Cabinet agree to enter into two Agreements and/or Memorandum of Understandings setting out the arrangements for collecting and distributing the business rate uplift received as outline in point 1 above. 3) That the Cabinet Member for Economic Regeneration & Enterprise in conjunction with the Interim Strategic Director Education and Enterprise be authorised to finalise the Agreements/Memorandum of Understanding as follows: i. An Agreement / Memorandum of Understanding with South Staffordshire District Council, Staffordshire County Council, Stoke & Staffordshire LEP and Black Country LEP setting out the arrangements for the business rate uplift in respect of i54 and; ii. An Agreement / Memorandum of Understanding with Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council and Black Country LEP setting out the arrangements for the business rate uplift in respect of the remaining Enterprise Zone sites. -
LINGUISTIC CONTEXT of H-DROPPING Heinrich RAMISCH University of Bamberg Heinrich
Dialectologia. Special issue, I (2010), 175-184. ISSN: 2013-22477 ANALYSING LINGUISTIC ATLAS DATA: THE (SOCIO-) LINGUISTIC CONTEXT OF H-DROPPING Heinrich R AMISCH University of Bamberg [email protected] Abstract This presentation will seek to illustrate how linguistic atlas data can be employed to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms of linguistic variation and change. For this purpose, I will take a closer look at ‘H-dropping’ – a feature commonly found in various European languages and also widely used in varieties of British English. H-dropping refers to the non-realization of /h/ in initial position in stressed syllables before vowels, as for example, in hand on heart [ 'ænd ɒn 'ɑː t] or my head [m ɪ 'ɛd]. It is one of the best-known nonstandard features in British English, extremely widespread, but also heavily stigmatised and commonly regarded as ‘uneducated’, ‘sloppy’, ‘lazy’, etc. It prominently appears in descriptions of urban accents in Britain (cf. Foulkes/Docherty 1999) and according to Wells (1982: 254), it is “the single most powerful pronunciation shibboleth in England”. H-dropping has frequently been analysed in sociolinguistic studies of British English and it can indeed be regarded as a typical feature of working-class speech. Moreover, H-dropping is often cited as one of the features that differentiate ‘Estuary English’ from Cockney, with speakers of the former variety avoiding ‘to drop their aitches’. The term ‘Estuary English’ is used as a label for an intermediate variety between the most localised form of London speech (Cockney) and a standard form of pronunciation in the Greater London area. -
The Black Country Annual Economic Review 2019
THE BLACK COUNTRY Annual Economic Review THE BLACK COUNTRY - A PLACE TO WORK, LIVE, INVEST 01 Introduction “The Black Country Economic Review is produced annually by the Black Country Consortium’s Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) to provide an overview of the Black Country’s economic performance during the year. The report measures success as set out in our Performance Management Framework and enables us to monitor real progress towards delivery of the Black Country Strategic Economic Plan (SEP). Significant developments in 2018 include the development of a West Midlands Local Industrial Strategy (LIS), a unique opportunity to drive increased productivity and inclusive growth across the region. The Black Country Economic Intelligence Unit has played a fundamental role in the development of the West Midlands LIS, in particular utilising experienced skill sets to provide the deep, diverse and robust evidence base that underpins the strategy. The EIU is Stewart Towe CBE DL also a key delivery partner in the recently launched Midlands Engine Observatory.” Chairman of the Black Country Consortium How We Measure Success The Black Country Performance Management Framework The Black Country Performance Management Framework (PMF) set out on page 3, provides a clear framework to monitor progress and the changes required to achieve our 30-year Vision and the ambitions across the twelve programmes in our Strategic Economic Plan (SEP). This framework was politically endorsed by the Association of Black Country Local Authorities in 2004 and is updated and reported annually. The PMF is maintained and updated by the Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) of Black Country Consortium Ltd who provide in depth cross-thematic spatial analysis on the Black Country economy on behalf of the Black Country Consortium and the Local Enterprise Partnership. -
Vol 10, Issue 4, December 2011
MMAAGGAAZZIINNEE OOFF TTHHEE GGEEOOLLOOGGIISSTTSS’’ AASSSSOOCCIIAATTIIOONN VVoolluummee 1100 NNoo.. 44 DDeecceemmbbeerr 22001111 The Association Future Lectures FESTIVAL OF GEOLOGY Nominations Required Field Trip to France part 2 October Lecture Weald Clay Field Trip Curry Fund Report Circular GA Two-Day Meeting Rockwatch News Rockwatch Young Writer Sher-rock Holmes Geology of NE Churches 1 Winners of Photographic Competition Magazine of the Geologists’ Association Volume 10 No. 4, 2011 CONTENTS Published by the Geologists’ Association. Four issues per year. ISSN 1476-7600 Production team: JOHN CROCKER, Paula Carey, John 3 The Association Cosgrove, Vanessa Harley, Jon Trevelyan, 4 Future Lectures Chris Woolston 5 FESTIVAL OF GEOLOGY Printed by City Print, Milton Keynes 6 Nominations Required 7 Field Trip to France part 2 The GEOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION does not accept any responsibility for views and opinions expressed by 11 October Lecture individual authors in this magazine. 12 Weald Clay Field Trip 13 Curry Fund Report The Geologists’ Association 14 Circular The Association, founded in 1858, exists to foster the progress and diffusion of the science of geology, and to encourage 20 GA Two-Day Meeting research and the development of new methods. It holds meetings 23 Rockwatch News for the reading of papers and the delivery of lectures, organises museum demonstrations, publishes Proceedings and Guides, and 25 Rockwatch Young Writer conducts field meetings. Annual Subscriptions for 2012 are £40.00, Associates £30.00, 27 Sher-rock Holmes Joint Members £58.00, Students £18.00. 28 Geology of NE Churches 1 For forms of Proposal for Membership and further information, apply to the Executive Secretary, The Geologists’ Association, 31 Kite Flying or Fossil Hunting? Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0DU. -
Jaguar Land Rover Case Study
JAGUAR LAND ROVER CASE STUDY Kingspan Energy has delivered the UK’s largest rooftop solar photovoltaic system for Jaguar Land Rover’s new Engine Manufacturing Centre based at i54 South Staffordshire, Wolverhampton, West Midlands. PROJECT SUMMARY Premium car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover is at the forefront of driving sustainability values and responsible use of resources in all areas of their business. These considerations were critically important in the design and build of their new Engine Manufacturing Centre based at i54 South Staffordshire, Wolverhampton, West Midlands. The new engine manufacturing centre has been designed to minimise energy demand and maximise efficiency from the ground up. Jaguar Land Rover also had a strong desire to integrate the most cost-effective and efficient solar photovoltaic (PV) system into the envelope of the new factory building. This would not only provide renewable energy and cost savings but also deliver an attractive return on investment. OVERVIEW PERFORMANCE To meet Jaguar Land Rover’s requirements the project contractor had to deliver a large-scale rooftop The 5.8 MWp system spreads across 35,000 m2 of solar PV system, built to the highest specification, roof space and is expected to generate 30% of the under strict site conditions, during the winter period. plant’s annual energy requirements. Kingspan Energy was chosen to lead the project This output, enough to power more than 1,600 from start to finish. Having already worked on some homes, will be used on site to reduce the building’s of the most prestigious large-scale solar PV projects primary energy consumption from the grid. -
The Black Country David Horovitz (Pp
JOURNAL OF THE ENGLISH PLACE-NAME SOCIETY Volume 43 (2011) ISSN 1351–3095 ______________________________________________________________ The Black Country David Horovitz (pp. 25–34) ______________________________________________________________ This article is from the Journal of the English Place-Name Society, an annual peer-reviewed journal issued free to members of the Society. The Journal welcomes contributions of articles and notes on subjects of relevance to English place-names. The English Place-Name Society (EPNS) was established in 1923 to conduct a county-by-county survey of the place-names of England. To date, the Survey has produced 90 volumes. Almost all English counties have been surveyed, at least in part, and work to complete the Survey is ongoing. The Survey is used by researchers, academics, and those interested in the origins, meaning, and significance of English place-names. The research work and the publication of the Survey are financed by the annual subscriptions of members of the Society, with the help of grants from the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the British Academy. Since the progress and success of the Survey depend largely upon the strength of the membership, the Society always welcomes new members, both personal and institutional. In return for the annual subscription, members receive free of charge the current issue of the Journal as well as the volume of the Survey allocated to that year’s subscription. They are entitled to order, in addition, any available volume of the Survey at a concessionary price. Associate Members pay a reduced subscription, for which they receive the Journal. Annual subscription prices (correct as of April 2017): Within the UK Outside the UK £40 (full) £45 (full)* £15 (associate) £18 (associate* *increased prices reflect increased postage cost. -
Current Investment Opportunites Coming Soon
INVESTMENT INDEX CURRENT INVESTMENT COMING SOON OPPORTUNITES TO INVESTORS ONES TO WATCH 01 Birmingham Curzon 01 Birmingham International Station 01 Former Ironbridge Power Station Integrated Transport Exchange Solihull 02 Springfield Campus Wolverhampton 02 Friargate Coventry 02 City Centre South Coventry 03 Walsall Town Centre 03 i54 South Staffordshire - Western Extension 03 DY5 Dudley’s Business 04 West Bromwich Eastern Quarter 04 Interchange Commercial District and Innovation Enterprise Zone and Canalside Living Quarter Wolverhampton 04 Dudley Town Centre MIRA Technology Park Southern 05 05 Friar Park, Sandwell Manufacturing Sector Nuneaton 06 Greater Icknield and Smethwick 06 Paradise Birmingham Birmingham/Sandwell 07 Redditch Gateway 07 M6 Junction 10 Cluster Walsall 08 Solihull Town Centre 08 Perry Barr Regeneration and Commonwealth Games 2022 Birmingham 09 Telford Investment Cluster 09 The Brewers Yard Wolverhampton 10 Transforming Nuneaton 11 UK Central Hub and HS2 Interchange Solihull CURRENT INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES 01 Birmingham Curzon Birmingham Curzon is a 141 hectare regeneration area at the heart of the city and the UK High Speed rail network. OPPORTUNITY Centred around a new High Speed 2 (HS2) terminus station a number of major investment opportunities exist for parties interested in exploring development Birmingham partner/funder and equity investment on sites ranging up to 3.3 hectares and covering a selection of commercial and residential uses. Birmingham City Council as promoter is working with Homes England as well as private sector landowners to identify investable development projects within the Curzon regeneration area. There is a strategic opportunity to help shape projects at an early stage, as these are expected to come forward over the next 3–5 years. -
Black Country City Deal
Black Country City Deal Page | 1 Executive Summary The Black Country City Deal will build on the long history and high performance of Black Country manufacturing and support the growth of high value manufacturing (HVM), particularly in the automotive and aerospace sectors. The Black Country LEP area already represents the largest concentration of high value manufacturing jobs in England and, through international recognition of this strength and local leadership, has secured key inward investments which will create opportunities for local businesses to grow. The flagship proposal for this City Deal will support this growth and further investment by opening up a portfolio of manufacturing sites across the Black Country. When developed these sites will provide HVM companies with the high quality, flexible space required to innovate and expand their production. This flagship proposal is supported by programmes to increase the number of young people taking up careers in HVM, to test new ways of reducing unemployment and welfare dependency in key areas of deprivation and improve the support that Black Country businesses receive. Over its lifetime the Black Country Local Enterprise Partnership predict the City Deal will deliver: 80 hectares of brownfield land brought into manufacturing use within 4 years, with a further thirty sites for future development over ten years; The creation of 5,800 new manufacturing jobs within the first four years of the City Deal; An estimated £120m of private sector investment in high value manufacturing sites in the Black Country; At least 1,500 additional high value manufacturing apprenticeships and an investment of £18m from HVM employers in apprenticeships.