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WITHIN a DAY's RIDE Forest Service Administrative Sites in Region 4, 1891-1960

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WITHIN a DAY's RIDE Forest Service Administrative Sites in Region 4, 1891-1960 United States Department of Agriculture WITHIN A DAY'S RIDE Forest Service Intermountain Forest Service Region Administrative Sites in June 2004 Region 4, 1891-1960 A Contextual and Architectural History Cover: Top left: New Peck Mountain Lookout, Payette National Forest. Top right: Great Basin Experiment Station, Manti-LaSal National Forest, 1924. Bottom: South Fork Ranger Station, Bridger-Teton National Forest, 1918. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audio tape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. WITHIN A DAY'S RIDE Forest Service Administrative Sites in Region 4, 1891-1960 A Contextual and Architectural History By Richa Wilson Regional Architectural Historian USDA Forest Service Intermountain Region Facilities Group 324 25th Street Ogden, UT 84401 801-625-5704 [email protected] Acronyms AEC Atomic Energy Commission APW Accelerated Public Works AWS Aircraft Warning Service AS Administrative Site BLM Bureau of Land Management CCC Civilian Conservation Corps CO Conscientious Objector CPS Civilian Public Service DG Division of Grazing (now the Bureau of Land Management) DOI United States Department of the Interior DR District Ranger ECW Emergency Conservation Work ERA Emergency Relief Act FY Fiscal Year GLO General Land Office GS Guard Station NEPA National Environmental Protection Act NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NF National Forest NPS National Park Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places RO Regional Office (headquarters of a Forest Service region) RD Ranger District RMRS Rocky Mountain Research Station RS Ranger Station SCS Soil Conservation Service SO Supervisor’s Office (headquarters of a National Forest) USDA United States Department of Agriculture USFS United States Forest Service USGS United States Geological Survey USMC United States Marine Corps WO Washington Office WPA Works Progress Administration Table of Contents INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT DEFINITION .............................................................................................1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................1 FORMAT ..........................................................................................................................................................................1 FOREST SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND NOMENCLATURE...........................................................................2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................2 SPATIAL BOUNDARIES...............................................................................................................................................3 TEMPORAL BOUNDARIES .........................................................................................................................................3 Part One: Statement of Historic Context - General CHAPTER ONE: 1891-1904, THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR ERA..................................................... 7 FOREST SERVICE OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................7 HISTORICAL SETTING.................................................................................................................................................8 THE FIRST FOREST RESERVES.................................................................................................................................8 ADMINISTRATION........................................................................................................................................................9 FIRE MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER TWO: 1905-1932, THE PINCHOT AND PROGRESSIVE ERAS ............................................ 12 FOREST SERVICE OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................12 HISTORICAL SETTING...............................................................................................................................................13 NATIONAL FOREST CREATIONS & ADJUSTMENTS........................................................................................14 ADMINISTRATION......................................................................................................................................................17 ORGANIZATION........................................................................................................................................................17 FOREST OFFICERS..................................................................................................................................................18 A Professional and Trained Force..........................................................................................................................18 Forest Rangers ........................................................................................................................................................19 Women in the Forest Service.................................................................................................................................22 FIRE MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................22 NURSERIES ...................................................................................................................................................................23 EXPERIMENT STATIONS..........................................................................................................................................24 SNOW SURVEYING ....................................................................................................................................................25 CHAPTER THREE: 1933-1942, THE NEW DEAL ERA.............................................................................. 27 HISTORICAL SETTING...............................................................................................................................................27 CHANGES TO THE FORESTS ...................................................................................................................................27 ADMINISTRATION......................................................................................................................................................28 THE DEPRESSION AND RELIEF PROGRAMS......................................................................................................29 ADMINISTRATION OF THE CCC...........................................................................................................................29 ENROLLMENT...........................................................................................................................................................30 THE CAMPS ...............................................................................................................................................................31 THE CCC AND THE FOREST SERVICE ................................................................................................................32 FINAL YEARS OF THE CCC....................................................................................................................................33 THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION ......................................................................................................34 FIRE MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................34 NURSERIES ...................................................................................................................................................................35 EXPERIMENT STATIONS..........................................................................................................................................35 SNOW SURVEYING ....................................................................................................................................................36 CHAPTER FOUR: 1942-1946, THE WORLD WAR II ERA ........................................................................ 37 HISTORICAL SETTING...............................................................................................................................................37 ADMINISTRATION AND CHANGES TO THE FORESTS ................................................................................... 37 FIRE MANAGEMENT................................................................................................................................................
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