PAN AFRICAN VISIONS MARKETING AFRICAN SUCCESS STORIES & MORE MAG 1219 Vol 2, December 2019 www.panafricanvisions.com Bobi Wine and the Looming David v Goliath Fight In Uganda

Botswana Enters a New Era

World on his shoulders: Will Cameroon’s Paul Biya Survive?

African Mayors Take On NJ Ayuk On Billions At Play In Climate Change Africa The Year of Eliud Kipchoge PAN-AFRICAN PRO-AFRICAN

www.centurionlg.com Contents PAN AFRICAN VISIONs CONTENTS A Complicated Year For Africa's Naked Emperors______2 There is still Tremendous Potential for US-African Trade Ties- Prince Ayo- tunde Adebayo on 2020 Trade Expo______33 Botswana Enters a New Era ______3 Demonizing Oil and Gas companies is not a constructive way forward on Ugandan opposition MP Bobi Wine set to oust incumbent President Musev- energy transition. Africa will push for 'the Right to Drill'______35 eni______4 Contentions over Malawi elections continue: Eyes on the Constitutional Africa Needs Servant Leaders- Ugandan Opposition figure Bobi Wine__5 court ______37 Zimbabwe after Mugabe: A Perfect Testimony That Change Is Not Always Considerations for School Choice at the K-12 Level______39 For the Better ______9 South Sudan Launches 100 MW Power Plant To Light Up Capital For First From Friends To Foes: Things Fall Apart for President Kenyatta and VP Time______40 Ruto In Kenya______11 Africa's Growth Lies on Competition for Sustainable Economies in the 4th What Next For Mozambique after big election wins for Frelimo and Filipe Industrial Revolution. ______42 Nyusi?______12 Africa's development agency rebrands ______44 AU, Commonwealth, Francophonie Join Forces to End Cameroon's simmer- ing Crisis ______13 Gambia Tourism Industry expects Booming Seasons Ahead; After Record 250,000 Visitors in 2019______45 Parliamentary/Municipal Elections: Biya Convenes Electorate amid Armed Conflict______16 The 4th Industrial Revolution and Knowledge Based Economies Take Cen- tre Stage In Africa ARIPO Region.______48 Cameroon: President Paul Biya, Africa's longest serving President Marks 37 Years in Power______17 African Xenophobia: A Diagnosis______49

Insight Into Tshisekedi's DR Congo: Is The Presidency Living Up to The A Change of Mindset the Only Way to Root out Xenophobia for Good in Promise?______20 South Africa ______51

Rwanda -Uganda Feud Stalls Progress In East Africa ______21 African Countries Begin To Adopt Global Initiatives To Enhance Transpar- ency In The Management Of The Natural Resources Sector______53 A Recipe For African Success In NJ Ayuk's Billions At Play______22 A Mother Theresa Emerges For Maternity Health in Zimbabwe______54 Investigation links Global oil giants, influential Westerners as facilitators and benefactors of South Sudan war ______26 World leaders have no choice but to listen to climate change young activists, BirdLife International official says______57 Celebrating Africans Who Made History in 2019 ______27 Sports: What a 2019 for Eliud Kipchoge!______58 A Robust Response in Gestation from African Mayors to Fight Climate Change______28 Key Political Events to Watch Out in 2020______59

Q & A with Twiga Foods Co-founder & CEO, Peter Njonjo ______32

Managing Editor Adama Makasuba, Graphic Designer Pan African Visions Ajong Mbapndah L Bah Uzman Unis, Atemnkeng Jerry M, Mohammed M Mupenda, (Young Jerry) 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville, MD Contributors Pierre Afadhali EC designs, Abudhabi - UAE 20785 Wallace Mawire Teslim Olawore +971 52 863 7744 Deng Machol Nevson Mpofu [email protected] Tel: 2404292177, Papisdaff Abdullah Boris Esono Nwenfor email: [email protected], Ajayi Olyinka Amos Fofung Prince Kuripati [email protected] Jean d’Amour Mugabo Hategeka Moses Jessica Ahedor ______Asong Zelifac Samuel Ouma Advertising Primus Tazanu Email: Alexandre Nhampossa, marketing@ Ishmael Sallieu panafricanvisions.com Koroma,

PAV - APR. 2019 - MAG 0419 Vol 3 1 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa A Complicated Year For Africa's Naked Emperors By Ajong Mbapndah L n a visit to Paris enable him to seek a third political leaders have not recently, the world term at the end of his deterred others in diverse Owas treated to constitutional two term fields from moving the the comic, yet agonizing mandates met with stiff continent forward. Taking the spectacle of President Paul oppositions from Guineans list of the 100 most influential Biya of Cameroon, aged 86 home, and abroad. The Africans published recently struggling with his steps massive protests in the by the famed New African to meet the 41 year old streets of Conakry against magazine, only a handful of French President Emmanuel the move were amongst the African Presidents made it. Macron. A few weeks later defining pictures of 2019 in Kagame of Rwanda, Akuffo on yet another trip to France Africa. For someone who Addo of Ghana, Mahamadou for the Paris Peace Forum, went through thick and thin Issoufou, and Prime Minister President Biya was literally to bring about democratic Abiy of Ethiopia are lucky to treated to another dose of reforms in Guinea, many make the cut. public ridicule at a panel found it scary that Conde will On the list are some of the discussion animated by Mo even entertain that kind of most brilliant minds pushing Ibrahim. When you add to thought, talk less of toiling Africa forward, Akinwunmi this the protests that trailed hard to bring it to fruition. Adesina at the African him during the second trip, After serving as President Development Bank, NJ Ayuk the conclusion is that indeed, for 20 years and wheelchair of Centurion Law Firm and Ajong Mbapndah L, Managing Editor the Emperor is naked. bound, 82-year-old the African Energy Chamber, For African leaders, few Abdelaziz Bouteflika had his Paul Biya in Cameroon, if the decades. The crisis is today Prof Benedict Oramah, have had the kind of rough eyes set on a fifth term when man is subject of ridicule and hanging like an albatross on President and Chairman of the year that Mr. Biya had. The weeks of massive protests scorn around the continent Biya’s neck. In one of our Afreximbank, Aliko Dangote, two cubes of sugar that they compelled him to resign in and the world today, he is editorials earlier in the year, Strive Masiyiwa,Karim Awad, expected the two English April. His departure was just earning the wages of we opined that the crisis in and others. The change that speaking provinces to be have overwhelmingly received bad leadership. He inherited the English speaking regions the continent needs will not refused to melt in the big with huge jubilations. one of the most promising will not be wished away. For necessarily be driven by the teacup that French speaking Until April 2019 for the countries in Africa in 1982. a leader who has been in political leader,. but also, Cameroon is expected to last thirty years, Sudan was Cameroonians offered him power for 37 years, Mr. Biya by these dynamic Africans. be. The safe haven that literally under the spell all the tranquility needed to has been scored very low on Add in the mix the talent Switzerland has been for him of Omar al-Bashir. He move the country forward. his handling of the crisis. that is taking African music for decades has become a had absolute power in the Even when salaries were The more he toys with it, the global, the fashion gurus, the living hell. Demonstrations by country, and Sudan’s track brutally slashed amid a more it grows serious and out sports men and women and irate Cameroonians against record on issues of human crippling devaluation of the of control. For a man who upcoming entrepreneurs. the presence of President rights and democracy was local currency, Cameroonians shuns the spotlight, the world Moving the continent Biya at the InterContinental far from flattery. Few are soldiered on with stoicism. has its eyes firmly focused on forward requires big dreams, Geneva hotel resulted in those who shed tears when Asked about the crisis him and developments in the it requires people who are serious clashes with the Swiss he left. Curiously, prior to his in the English speaking country. Talk of the wages of bold, innovative, and daring. police, and the arrests of fall, he was a key figure talks regions, while he spent time a life presidency and that is One of those who fits well some members of his security between President Salva Kiir dwelling on the colonial what is Mr. Biya is enjoying in this category is Robert detail in June. and his estranged VP Riek legacy as the genesis of the now. Those who refuse to Kyagulanyi Ssentamu, In Guinea, Alpha Conde, Machar to bring peace to crisis , in moment of rare learn, the examples Bokassa, aka Bobi Wine. The MP a cult figure in African South Sudan. The jubilations candidness, he indicated to Idi Amin, to Samuel Doe, representing Kyaddondo East opposition politics prior to that reverberate across the that the policy of trying to Mobutu, Blaise Compaore, constituency in the Wakiso becoming President, decided continent each time one of have the English system and most recently Bouteflika District, of Uganda’s Central to do the unthinkable by these sit tight leaders falls assimilated into the French and Bashir, should be a Region has emerged as the embarking on a perilous speaks volumes on how much system had failed .Prior to reminder. leading opposition figure in project to terminate detestation Africans have for the ongoing chaos, English Fortunately for the Uganda. Intimidation and jail constitutional term limits. them. speaking Cameroonians had continent, the gargantuan have only helped to fuel the The venture, designed to Back to the specific case of expressed discontent for short comings from its fire of change he incarnates.

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 2 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Ugandans have embraced Time Magazine’s list of next leads will end the over 30- interview with Bobi Wine, a more, the December issue him, Africa has recognized 100 most influential people year political rule of 75 old discussion with NJ Ayuk on is a good blend of recent him, and the world has taken in the world, he was named President Yoweri Museveni. his groundbreaking book, developments, and some of note. Bobi Wine features on a 2019 Global Thinker by A herculean task, but one that Billions at Play: The Future the major issues and events the New African Magazine the Foreign Policy magazine. does not scare Bobi Wine. of African Energy and Doing that defined Africa in 2019. list of 100 most influential The 37-year-old recording In this end of year issue, Deals. From politics, to Happy reading! Africans, he features on the Artist says the movement he PAV shares with you an sports, the environment, and Botswana Enters a New Era By Prince Kurupati

n one of the most competitive general Ielections that Botswana has ever witnessed, the Botswana Democratic Party which has been in power since 1966 when the country attained its independence managed to retain power. Using the first past the post electoral system, the 29 seats that the Botswana Democratic Party managed to win were enough for the party to retain power and elect Mokgweetsi Masisi as the fifth president of the country. Masisi’s victory was by no means guaranteed as he faced The big win puts President Masisi firmly incharge of Botswana. a surging opposition fronted by former president, Ian implemented during his Botswana Patriotic Front did strong divisions were already is for this reason why Khama Khama. Masisi and Khama presidency. The rift between not field any contestants as starting to show in a few will remain committed to were once close allies and it Masisi and Khama therefore doing so was perceived to split months old alliance. the Botswana Patriotic Front was Khama who handed the posed a major threat to the vote in favour of the ruling The divisions that emerged and why he will always back presidency to Masisi when Botswana Democratic Party’s party under Masisi. While in the opposition ranks can the Umbrella for Democratic his term (as leader of the hold on power. However, all these measures gave an work for or against Masisi’s Change so as to contest as Botswana Democratic Party) this threat failed to affect illusion of a strong opposition quest to break the Khama a united opposition come came to an end. The Botswana the outcome of the elections alliance determined to hegemony over Botswana the next general election. Democratic Party has a mainly due to two factors dethrone Masisi and the politics, a hegemony that Contesting as a united front, gentlemen’s agreement that and it is these two factors Botswana Democratic Party started way back in the 1870s the Umbrella for Democratic when two terms of the leader that may solidify or weaken from power, it was all but right through the modern Change will pose a significant of the party who often is also Masisi’s rule. Firstly, there an illusion when one takes presidencies of Sir Seretse threat to the Botswana the president of the country is the issue of the crippling a closer look. To put this Khama who ruled from 1966 Democratic Party. comes to an end, he or she divisions in the ranks of the into perspective, we take to 1980 and Ian Khama who Masisi’s handling and has to relinquish his position opposition parties and also, the candid view of Prince ruled from 2008 to 2018. response to the unified and select a successor who the populist stance that was Dibeela, the deputy leader As a shrewd politician and opposition will go a long will guide the party towards taken by Masisi in a bid to of the Botswana National tactician, Khama certainly way in consolidating or the next election. retain power. Front, the main party in the knows that the only way to weakening his position in While things were all Going into the general Umbrella for Democratic remain relevant and the only power. In addition to that, cordial and the transition elections, on the surface, Change alliance who said way for the Khama lineage to his election promises will also of power from Khama to it looked as if Khama’s that it was a ‘blunder’ to maintain its strong hand over determine how his tenure in Masisi was smooth in April Botswana’s Patriotic Front ally with Khama during an Botswana politics is to look office will be assessed. The 2018, Masisi’s first actions had entered into an alliance interview with the Institute of for a new front man, a man populist stance that Masisi after assuming power with other opposition parties Security Studies in Gaborone. who does not carry the Khama used during campaigns angered Khama as most of under the banner Umbrella Dibeela’s sentiments came name but someone who will played a huge role in his them sought to reverse all for Democratic Change. In before the general elections do all the bidding on behalf ascension to power. However, the measures that Khama some constituencies, the hence even before the polls; of Khama and his family. It making promises is only PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 3 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa the first step. After making nor legislature has been promises, the promises need done on that front except the to be fulfilled in order to striking down of colonial era maintain the people’s trust. laws against homosexuality Masisi during his first few by the judiciary. Masisi months in power did fulfill also promised to review one of his promises, that upwards the salaries of is, lifting the controversial most government workers ban on elephant hunting. By including the military, fulfilling his promise, Masisi police, and prison workers won over many rural votes as something that instilled joy in people complained that the the hearts of urbanites. population of elephants had Masisi’s ability to fulfill become a real threat to human his promises will determine life. As one of his promises, whether the new era takes Masisi also said that he root in Botswana politics or is going to decriminalize the Khama lineage resurfaces Former Botswana President Ian Khama and current president, Mokgweetsi homosexuality. As of yet, come 2024. Masisi were strong alies before the feud. nothing from the executive Ugandan opposition MP Bobi Wine set to oust incumbent President Museveni By Mohammed M.Mupenda he pop star-cum giving an example that he unfair, and I am going to opposition politician witnessed a police patrol challenge it.” Tand vocal critic of car number UP 255 running While most people believe the Ugandan President over a man and killed him that it is almost impossible Yoweli Museveni, made it instantly.” to oust the ruling party, Wine in Washington DC, U.S. on He explained his manifesto said that 2021 elections will November 13, 2019, along which entails eradicating change the history of Uganda. with his people power team. high unemployment rate “Have faith, believe that He was from Canada, where amongst the youth, who have it is possible, do not doubt,” he had spent a day and night only seen one regime of the he said, giving an example meeting Ugandan Diaspora. 33 years in power. of Sudan, Eritrea, Burkina Bobi Wine spent more “I will change the education Faso, Gambia, Tunisia and than a week in the United system which trains job assuring them that they can States, visiting different creators rather than job oust President Museveni. cities to drum up support seekers, improve health He advised the Ugandans among Ugandans living The Growing international profile of Bobi Wine care system in the country in Diaspora to use social adds credibility to his Presidential ambitions. abroad. He said that most that lacks medication in media to share and Ugandan professionals have himself, stressing that he millions of Ugandans hospitals and health centres disseminate information left the country and he hopes has not completely healed have already registered, and this gets worse in case of because they influence so they will either return or of the injuries he sustained coordination teams all over accidents,” he said. many Ugandans. continue “giving ideas back throughout the time he was the country are in place, Wine pledges to revamp Wine, whose real name is home.” “The best way we can beaten, tortured, detained, these include structured, agriculture and help Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu bring them back is to make but he feels a huge sense of unstructured, open and Ugandans get their land back has spent time in and out of conditions better,” said MP confidence. excluded teams.” for farming, which he believes jail after being arrested over Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu Wine assured the “People in Uganda still it has been taken away and the last two years and accused alias Bobi Wine. Diaspora that Ugandans are live under oppression and people have been evicted Ugandan security forces of “I am committed for already determined to oust brutality by the military, illegally by the first family. torturing him while he was better service delivery, and the incumbent President, the regime squeezes life Uganda Natural resources detained. He has frequently accountability,” he told a “We have embarked on out of Ugandans, robs the is another area to be revised spoken out about the state’s heavily crowded hall. the practical phase for the nation and mortgages it to for the citizens’ involvement. rampant corruption and He revealed to the solution.” the highest bidder,” said “President Museveni and his crackdowns on opposition attendees what Ugandans “We have been witnessing the singer-cum politician, family are signing deals with politicians. go through oppression this through massive accusing police of killing China on behalf of forty-five Wine, 37, was selected for and torture that he faced registration as voters and the people in broad daylight million Ugandans which is the TIME 100 Next list, which 4 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

Music was also a source of communion between Bobi Wine and Bobi Wine has been a hit with the Ugandan diaspora who see in his supporters at some of the events during his recent tour. him a source of hope for the future of the country.

is dedicated to spotlighting is a clear indication that give the government of to be one of the most he can win the presidency. the leaders of tomorrow. Bobi has struck a nerve in President Museveni anxious exciting races that Uganda It can only be a win win for The opposition lawmaker Ugandan politics. Prior to his moments. The world now has seen in recent times. him, said a Ugandan analyst. was named male politician of issues with the authorities, sees him as the face of the Should he decide to run, If he wins, he will make the year by the Young Africa his rallies were crowd pullers Ugandan opposition, and President Museveni will history, if he doesn’t, he Leaders’ Summit 2019 (YALS with enthusiastic followers the contrast to President always have the advantage of gains useful experience which 2019) in Accra, Ghana. clad in their trademark red Museveni is been drawn. He incumbency, the resources, will only be useful down the He was unanimously voted colors and berets. is young, and energetic and control of the leverages line considering his relative as one of the continent’s Beyond the combination fired up and represents the of power, and literally the youth. most exceptional youth of music, street smarts, future, whereas President electoral apparatus and figures aggregating ideas into raw courage, attachment to Museveni in his 70s and with state security at his disposal. *Pictures for story obtained relevant themes able to shape everyday Ugandans and the some 30 years in power is a Still, this is no reason to from Bobi Wine’s Official policy in Africa. desire to make things better, man of the past. think that beating him is Facebook Page Defeating Museveni will the growing international Scheduled for 2021, the impossible. If Bobi Wine be an uphill task, but there profile of Bobi Wine should election has the potential won a parliamentary seat, Africa Needs Servant Leaders - Ugandan Opposition figure Bobi Wine By Ajong Mbapndah L oston, Washington, DC, New York, Canada Band others, it was a super hectic schedule for Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu better known as Bobi Wine on his recent North American Tour. Town Hall Forums with his Ugandan compatriots were full to capacity, and prestigious institutions and media organs were scrambling to host the 37 old musician turned politician. Serving as Member of Parliament for the Kyaddondo East constituency in the Wakiso District, of Uganda›s Central Region, A rare picture of Bobi Wine and President Museveni, it will be a stiff contest for both men in 2021. Photo the political stock of Bobi credit Chimp Reports. Wine has sowed to the Museveni. In power since everything, but it is time for on the Washington, DC, of a revolutionary than a point where his eyes are 1986, Museveni, aged in 75, him to go, says Bobi Wine. lap of his recent North politician. firmly set on unseating and has dominated Ugandan Interviewed in a car in American Tour, Bobi says “I am representing an idea, replacing President Yoweri politics and literally controls between his hectic schedule he considers himself more a revolutionary movement PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 5 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa called People Power which dignified. Museveni’s age is believes in returning power a sign of indignity because back to the people,” he says. he was once a revolutionary On what makes him in his younger ages, but the think he is the one to unseat older he gets the worse he President Museveni, when so becomes. So, in the case many others have tried and of Museveni, age has been failed, Bobi Wine says it is not disgraced. If I were his age about him as an individual mate, I would be really mad at but rather the movement he him for disrespecting our age. leads and Museveni has never On this current tour you faced the kind of threat he were in Massachusetts, sees Maryland, you have met “Bobi Wine is leading a people in DC, you were mass of Ugandans, and we in Canada, what is it as Ugandans are going to get that your compatriots in Museveni out of power, and the Diaspora are telling not me,” he says. you? Bobi Wine says the movement he leads will usher in a new dawn for Uganda. Charting a new path Bobi Wine: All Ugandans forward for the continent healthcare system which activism, it is everybody’s been like, and what are from different locations have requires servant-leaders, Bobi is sick, revisiting our land social responsibility. So, I look some of the changes you different roles, and I have said as he fielded questions policies, and making sure at myself as a revolutionary have brought to your had different contributions. on other key developments our people are re-empowered and not as a politician. constituency, and the For example, the Ugandans that defined the year in Africa to re-embark on agriculture Barring last minute country? here in DC have done a great from Ethiopia to Cameroon, — it is the backbone of the changes, you will Bobi Wine: It has been job pushing back against Guinea, South Africa, and country, and Uganda is the be running against a horrible experience in the regime, pushing back more. food basket of the region. President Museveni. parliament. It has been against sanctions. Ugandans You just spoke to a group Finally, we want to have our Others have tried to get brutalization, there has been in Canada and others are of Ugandan compatriots nation living together as him out of power without violence. As we speak now, I pushing their leaders to speak and reiterated that you we are in a country deeply success, so what makes am a member of parliament out and hold the regime will be running for the divided along ethnicity, along Bobby Wine think that who cannot have a gathering accountable. They have 2021 elections. Under class, and all the vices. We he is that person who can in my constituency. As we been able to do fundraising, what platform will you hope to heal our nation, and get him out of power? speak now, I am a musician support events and activities be running, and what that is what we are focusing Bobi Wine: First of all, I who cannot perform in my back home. So, the Diaspora political program will on doing, at least as soon as am not him, I am Bobi Wine. country, so that is what it has has different roles, and they you be presenting to we get into power. Secondly it is not Bobi Wine been. One thing we can say are playing it very well. your compatriots? What pushed you into that is going to get Museveni is that we have succeeded in What do you think of the Bobi Wine: I am running politics, considering that out of power. Bobi Wine is exposing the regime for what Africa Continental Free on behalf of the people of you were a household leading a mass of Ugandans, it is. We have left it naked for Trade Agreement? Uganda, all the marginalized name in music and doing and we as Ugandans are going everybody to see and now our Bobi Wine: I think it is people of Uganda. I am not relatively well? to get Museveni out of power, next step is an attack on the a good thing and Africans representing any political Bobi Wine: I am not in and not me. Of course many regime — to crush it once and should be united by their party, but I am representing politics. Whereas it is reality, have tried unsuccessfully and for all. values, sports, and most an idea, a revolutionary because when I was not in it offers very valuable lessons. In Africa, age is supposed importantly by trade. movement called People what you want to call politics, It is a person that has failed to go with wisdom. You In Ethiopia there is a Power which believes in I was paying taxes, and I that knows how to fail. And are in your late 30s, and Prime Minister almost returning power back to the was oppressed. The local if you know how to fail you President Museveni is the same age as you –PM people. Our program is a huge businesses are oppressed, can avoid it. Museveni has officially in his late 70s is Abby, and he recently one but I could only name the local woman who sells never faced a threat like when age a liability or an asset won the Nobel Peace about five programs we are charcoal is oppressed and he faces us — we are young when it comes to getting Prize, what is your take focusing on amongst them is for her to stand, and defend people and constitute more power? on his leadership? the return of the rule of law her rights and stand, and than 85% of the population. Bobi Wine: Looking at Bobi Wine: That is and respect for human rights, represent her people, I do not You have been a member things, our history, age is more evidence that young changing our educational call that politics. The level of parliament since 2017, proving to be a liability. people can be great leaders, system, revamping our that it is, is responsibility, what has the experience Age will be a resource if it is especially young people by

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 6 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs the verge of their age and are continent and in the same reminded that they are going spirit, I want to condemn the to still be there either to dissatisfying effort of their benefit from the good works leaders because people are a that they have done, or to pay reflection of their leadership. for the evil deeds that they If the leaders wanted to do. Prime Minister Abiy is an protect Africans that are inspiration, and every African living in South Africa, they leader will want to achieve would have done it. They still what he has achieved. He can do it, and they should do inspires me personally. it because Africa is our home. In West Africa there Last question on your is a talk of a common projections and wish for currency — the Echo, 2020. What will Bobi what do you think about Wine want to see in it and should Africa Uganda and Africa? be doing more to move Bobi Wine: I want to see towards a common in Uganda a leadership that currency or a unified People Power believes in returning power back to the people,says Bobi Wine. is accountable to the people monetary policy of its and you can be sure that we own? change the constitution terms possible because that is Last question on will achieve it. What I want Bobi Wine: Africa should to get a third term? how it begins. South Africa, in the to see in Africa is servant- have united one hundred Bobi Wine: President On the political crisis course of the year we leadership , – leaders that years ago. Seeing that some Museveni of Uganda said four in Cameroon, what does notice a resurgence of are serving in the interest of countries are moving towards years ago, and I agree with Bobby Wine think of xenophobia. What came the people. I must remind a common currency is very him that the problem of Africa the silence of African to your mind when you all African leaders that the motivating. For nations and its leaders is that they leaders and the African saw all these images and Americans, Europeans and to reach a level of sharing want to overstay in power. It Union in the face of do you think leaders in all those who came to their currencies means they share is shameful that a leader that what many considers that country are doing continent, they were not values such as democracy, has led for two terms will want being one of the biggest enough to address it? planning Africa for their respect for human rights. to change the constitution humanitarian disasters Bobi Wine: It is ignorance individual gains, but for their So, it is very encouraging, so, he can stay forever. That in the continent today? by the people, and the people. All the Gold that was and I wish the East African is dictatorship that must Bobi Wine: Shame on leaders. I must remind those stolen in Africa developed community had gotten to that be resisted and shame on the African leaders for brothers and sisters in South countries and not individual level, but I know by the grace those people that are being keeping quiet about the Africa that the whole of wealth. That should be the of God we will get there. paid, or manipulated to crisis in Cameroon. Injustice Africa stood with them when communication to our fellow What is your opinion support a dictatorship, or a anywhere is a threat to justice they were being oppressed Africans. Our continent is about the situation life Presidency as if Guinea everywhere. Cameroonians and during the unfortunate rich but poor because we have in Guinea where does not have other leaders are our brothers and sisters, period of apartheid. It is very greedy leaders that do not there is a protest, and or it is a barren state. It is and we need to stand behind ignorant of them to mistreat think beyond their stomach. counter protest with wrong, I disagree with it and them. fellow Africans. No African the President trying to I condemn it in the strongest is a foreigner on the African

PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 7 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

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8 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Zimbabwe after Mugabe: A Perfect Testimony That Change Is Not Always For the Better By Prince Kurupati

n 9 November 2017, Mugabe on 21 November Tafadzwa wrote his did give in as he tendered Ofinal exam at a local his resignation letter to the Zimbabwean university. The Speaker of Parliament in following day, Tafadzwa accordance with the country woke up early to board a supreme law. Mugabe’s bus back home. During the resignation letter was met journey, Tafadzwa was happy with joy, pomp and fanfare and sad at the same time. He in the August House by was happy because he had legislators and also in the finished his studies; he now streets of Harare and many was no longer going to be a other cities. A new ‘dawn’ burden for his parents due for Zimbabwe had finally to the high costs of university arrived, many thought. tuition and life. Tafadzwa was Zimbabwe, the country was however saddened by the fear Zimbabweans are still waiting for President Mnangagwa to fulfil campaign called the ‘jewel of Africa’ promises.Photo credit AFP. of the unknown; many before by former Tanzanian leader him (graduates) in the recent in developing this beautiful of his close friends telling mind as he was hopeful that Julius Nyerere was soon past had found it difficult Southern African nation. him that a military man had the removal of the Mugabe to reclaim its former glory. to secure employment with Though entrepreneurial, just appeared on national administration was going to The so-called basket case of some resorting to migrate into Tafadzwa had always TV informing the nation that change the country’s fortunes Africa was soon to become neighbouring South Africa envisioned using his skills several individuals close to and also his fortunes. Maybe the bread basket of Africa in the hope that something in the workplace rather than the President (then Robert after all, he was going to as was the case in the early positive on the job front becoming a street hustler. On Mugabe) were to be arrested find employment soon after years after independence would pop up, some resorting becoming a street warrior, as they were responsible for graduation as the corrupt in the 1980s. As Tafadzwa to engage in ‘hustling’ in that was completely a non- causing all the challenges and nepotistic Mugabe states now though, what was various CBDs in Zimbabwe starter for Tafadzwa. that the country was facing. administration was going set to become a new era has while some had completely For a few days after Analyzing the military man’s to be deposed. It is this effectively become a new resigned and just resorted arriving at home, Tafadzwa’s statement and also the line of thinking that made error. All the positive changes to sit by the street bridges mind was still a battlefront presence of soldiers on every Tafadzwa participate in the that he thought were going drinking harmful substances with various thoughts arising corner in the capital city and mass demonstration against to be ushered in by the post to escape the terrible reality and conflicting each other also other main towns and the Mugabe government Mugabe administration have that confronted them on a for recognition. On the cities in the country, Tafadzwa when the military and the been non-existent, instead daily basis. morning of 15 November, in was convinced that a coup war veterans called for a only a flurry of negative Tafadzwa wondered a whisker, that all changed was certainly underway. The demonstration when they changes have emerged. was he going to be one of as Tafadzwa received a notion that coups beget coups were looking to pressure What went wrong is the those lucky graduates who WhatsApp message from one did not cross Tafadzwa’s Mugabe into resigning. question that many ask. found employment soon For those who have been after graduation. The odds observant enough, the answer were highly stacked against simply lies in the fact that this outcome considering what was thought to be a the economy. If not, then new dispensation was rather what was he to become, an a new deception. Mugabe’s economic migrant, a hustler successor and his erstwhile or a benchwarmer sitting comrades from the word go on the street bridges. All were really not concerned these options did not instill with improving the country’s any sort of confidence in fortunes as they had promised Tafadzwa, in all of his life, he when they stated that they had never fathomed leaving were going to remove the his birth country, he had ‘criminal’ elements around always wanted to remain the President. Rather, all in Zimbabwe to play a part they were concerned with PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 9 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa pathway to riches and ascend salary of $1000, workers can to the throne himself. While only buy 71 loaves of bread. claiming to fight and eradicate Essentially this illustrates corruption, Mnangagwa how salaries have massively himself and his close friends eroded in the two years that have been implicated in Mnangagwa has been in numerous corrupt deals. power. It’s not only the cost of Fuel monopolization in the bread that has exponentially country is being carried increased; all other products out by one of Mnangagwa’s are now beyond the reach of close allies. The forex black many including cooking oil, market industry is flourishing mealie meal, sugar and fuel. because of Mnangagwa’s close The prices of data across all allies; his son also allegedly networks have effectively included as a key player in become a tool against freedom Motorists wait in a fuel queue in the capital Harare, Friday, Jan. 11, 2019. Photo credit AP. the industry. Government of speech and expression as and top ZANU (PF) officials the majority cannot afford to is power, self preservation properties therefore played a Joice Mujuru and her cabal. who are synonymous with purchase data bundles. and accumulation of wealth. key role in forcing the hand In 2015, Joice Mujuru and corruption including Obert The post Mugabe era clearly To better understand this, of Mnangagwa to depose her cabal were relieved of Mpofu and Rugare Gumbo demonstrates two lessons to all that one needs to look at Mugabe. In light of this, we their government duties and still find themselves in the Zimbabweans in particular is the actions that the new can note that the need to they were expelled from the Cabinet as is the case with the and the world in general. dispensation has undertaken protect the country from its ruling party ZANU (PF). latter. Firstly, it ought to be noted ever since it assumed power. saboteurs was non-existent Many of her cabal including The reasons that propelled that change is inevitable, but Power is the all important from the word go hence the once powerful Didymus Mnangagwa to depose change is not always positive. element that prompted Tafadzwa and many other Mutasa since the expulsion Mugabe bear testimony As such, when change occurs, Mnangagwa and his comrades Zimbabweans’ thoughts that were constantly reported to the fact that he was not there is need to guard against to depose Mugabe. Just a by his ascension, Mnangagwa in private media and also concerned with the welfare early celebrations, rather, few weeks before Mugabe was hell bent on improving state media of how they had of the ordinary man when he it’s important to read more resigned; Mnangagwa had the lives of the ordinary man fallen on hard times, finding assumed power but rather, into the change to note if been relieved of his duties as were erroneous. it hard to pay for even their his own selfish interests. it is ushering in positive the country’s vice president Self preservation also electricity bills. Mnangagwa It is for this reason why or negative changes. If owing to gross incompetence. played a huge part in and his comrades after Tafadzwa states that the positive changes are noted, The action taken to relieve forcing Mnangagwa and their expulsion from the new dispensation is rather a celebrations can follow Mnangagwa of his duties his comrades to do the government were determined new deception. To illustrate but if negative changes are as vice president meant unthinkable and depose not to follow in the footsteps how things have negatively noted, then there is a need to that Mnangagwa had lost Mugabe. Since the country of Joice Mujuru and her cabal changed since November transform the negatives into the political power that attained its independence hence they were eager to 2017, let’s look at a few positives. Secondly, the post he had used for so long to in 1980, Mnangagwa and preserve themselves. It is for interesting scenarios. Mugabe era in Zimbabwe intimidate his opponents and his comrades had spent this reason why they took the In November 2017, a teaches us that democratic to protect his vast empire. all their lives working in action they did in November loaf of bread in Zimbabwe transition of power is very Without power therefore, government. Government 2017, to protect themselves averaged $0.90 Bond (local important. While we may it was going to be a difficult thus had become their all and not any other person. Zimbabwean currency). yearn for change, coups are task for Mnangagwa to live and they knew no other way Power brings with it many At the time, most civil not to be celebrated. Not only in Zimbabwe without fear to earn a living. Being booted benefits and it’s no surprise servants and other private do they beget other coups of retribution by the people out of government therefore that Mnangagwa was still keen sector workers took home but they bring with them he had offended in the past threatened their existence to enjoy the benefits of power on average $500.00 Bond. unpleasant elements such as under protection his political together with the incredible when he was shown the door Today, a loaf of bread militarization of the state. As power and network. Without perks that came with it. The by ZANU (PF) to exit both the averages $14.00 while such, looking into the future, power also, it meant that perfect example of how life party and the government. salaries have only increased Tafadzwa and many like him his vast empire which he could become very difficult Eager to continue enjoying by 50 percent to $1000. What need to focus more on who had build would be open to for them once outside the the benefits, Mnangagwa this therefore means is that to vote for come the next attacks from his opponents government and ZANU (PF) took the only action that in November 2017, with a election if they desire real and he would not be able to structures was starkly brought enable him to enjoy those salary of $500.00, workers change. do anything about it. Such out by former deposed top benefits, that is, throw away could buy 556 loaves of threats to his person and government officials namely the man who was blocking his bread. However, now with a

Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 10 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs From Friends To Foes: Things Fall Apart for President Kenyatta and VP Ruto In Kenya By Samuel Ouma |@journalist_27 resident Uhuru everyday. Some of lose arrangement. I want to Kenyatta and his the leaders allied encourage Kenyans to focus Pdeputy William to President Kenya on ensuring that whatever the Ruto are enduring toxic had threatened to debate, it should be a debate relationship, the worst initiate a motion of issues and everyone must in Kenyan history. Prior calling for Ruto’s be listened to so that we can to the enactment of 2010 impeachment achieve the outcome of any constitution the president whereas others are conversation we have without had power to dismiss and proposing a change necessarily pitting any group appoint a new number two in the constitution against each other.” which is not the case with the to give president President Kenyatta who is new law. powers to sack his in his second and final term is Articles 144 and 145 of deputy in case he or aiming to leave behind a good Kenyan constitution states she becomes rogue legacy when he vacates office that the deputy president along the way. President Uhuru Kenyatta and Deputy President William in 2022. He is mobilizing can be kicked out of the “We need changes Ruto at a past function.Relations between the two men resources and leaders to have been strained office on the ground of gross in our Constitution support his four big agenda violation of a provision of so that the President can sack to referendum before the next to divide Kenyans. You can’t which include manufacturing, this Constitution or of any a deputy who decides to be polls. apply the same tactics over food security, affordable other law, sufficient evidence rogue midterm. You cannot Unlike Kenyatta who is and over and expect different housing and universal health indicating that the he or she claim to be a deputy when backing the constitutional results. We have been told care. However, Ruto and his has committed a crime under you continuously undermine review, his deputy has about this tsunami for many lieutenants are touring the national or international law your boss,” reiterated one of vowed to oppose any attempt years, but it has turn out to be country to solidify support and gross misconduct. the legislators. to amend the country’s mere threats,” said Ruto. ahead of 2022 general The impeachment process Building Bridges Initiative supreme laws. He argued He continued, “We want elections despite numerous is not that simple as it (BBI), the outcome of the the plebiscite is spearheaded to ensure as a nation that warnings from the Head involves complex procedure. March 2018 peace deal by perennial election losers whatever it is that is going of State to stop premature The motion must be backed between Kenyatta and the who want to create position to be proposed must be a campaigns. by at least two-third of the opposition Chief Raila for themselves. Ruto further national conversation by Anti-graft fight has also legislators followed by the Odinga has further widen claimed that the referendum Kenyans and it should be done weakened the bond between convention of a meeting by the rift between the two who will divide the Kenyans along in a way that does not create the duo, Ruto allies have been the Speaker of the Senate used to call each brother. tribal lines. winners or losers because we in the forefront in accusing House to hear the charges. BBI team had concluded “The country is not ready want a win-win arrangement the president of unfairly The Senate may resolve to collecting Kenyan views on for politics of division,those for all Kenyans. We have targeting them. They claim appoint a committee of 11 how to fix political challenges who have a hangover of a been there (referendum) that the anti-corruption drive of its members to probe few months ago and is set to tsunami are looking for a way before and it has been a lose- is aimed at derailing Ruto’s the matter and report the submit report presidential bid. The deputy findings before the house to Kenyatta and has done nothing to calm his within a period of 10 days. Odinga today allies if he truly supports fight By any chance the deputy (November 26). against sleaze. president is guilty, the Senate BBI report is Handshake is another shall accord him a chance to likely to call for factor which has caused jitters be heard then call for a vote constitutional in the ruling party, Jubilee. of no confidence. At least amendments The party has witnessed two-third of the members of to allow the internal conflicts from the the Senate must support the formation moment President agreed to impeachment motion. of inclusive work together with Odinga. Through observation the government and The outfit is divided into president and his number two could the task two factions, one embracing are not reading in the same force recommend the peace deal and the other script and the calls asking changes, the opposing it. President Uhuru Kenyatta and opposition leader Raila Ruto to resign are growing country will head Odinga have become inseparable since the handshake. PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 11 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa What Next For Mozambique after big election wins for Frelimo and Filipe Nyusi? By Alexandre Nhampossa ozambique held its general elections Mon 15 October throughout the country, in which Filipe Nyusi, the Frelimo party’s candidate for the presidency of the republic, won with 73% of the vote. With a turnout of 50.74%, Renamo’s Ossufo Momade came second with 21.88%, MDM’s Daviz Simango third with 4.38%, and Mario Albino of AMUSI got 0.73%. “The results clearly show that we, FRELIMO, have achieved a unequivocal and unquestionable victory,” Nyusi said during his first speech after the announcement of the Our victory ws unequivocal and unquestionable said a jubilant Felipe Nyusi. results by the National Election Commission. “The independence, the party chose of the Republic, but today lack of transparency of the undemocratic actions. The Mozambican people through to be a communist/socialist they are imputing to the government, the state and question now is, with the this result, said yes, it is with state, a situation that changed Mozambican people to pay. the party itself, and often more than two thirds of the you that it works,” he added. in 1990 when it introduced Called “hidden debts”, the made through arrogance. The seats that the Frelimo party The overwhelming victory the democratic rule of law, loans were revealed in 2016 Mozambican Constitutional managed to get in the last makes Frelimo and Filipe based on the separation and by The Wall Street Journal. Council, the highest organ general elections, what could Nyusi the winners who interdependence of powers The corrupt core group of justice, decreed that the happen? takes all. The results of the and pluralism. designed security projects $2.2bn debts were illegal and The party can, if it wishes, provincial elections are also However, the practice has that were sold to international therefore the Mozambican approve amendments to the satisfactory for the party been different. Journalists banks on the basis of secret people should not pay. Constitution, for matters that should govern in all 10 and activists who dare to and illegal guarantees issued Despite this, the government relating to the status of the provincials that went to the criticise the government by the then government of of Mozambique is paying opposition leader, for the polls. In the Assembly of the are persecuted. They are President Armando Guebuza. because alegaly because it election of the Ombudsman Republic, the party has also generally kidnapped and The money was then diverted does not want to be seen and also to initiate criminal added victories. Of the 250 beaten, in some cases to to private matters rather than internationally as a failed proceedings against the deputies that make up the death. Others are shot. In national interest. state that does not meet its President of the Republic Mozambican parliament, parliament, any bill coming Details coming from a commitments. Mozambican or to prevent presidential Frelimo managed to elect 184 from the party is passed, but trial in the United States law says that the judgments vetoes to re-examined laws. sits. Renamo managed 60 the opposition’s proposals are of America, just to give of the Constitutional Council The Frelimo parliamentary and MDM six rejected without discussion. an example, indicate that are binding on everyone, but benches can also increase the With this scoreboard, The party’s the current president of it has still been kicked in to term of office of the current Filipe Nyusi and his party authoritarianism has proved the Republic, Filipe Nyusi, give way to the arrogance of President of the Republic, as can do whatever they want. even more so with the largest received about $2m when the regime. the then President Armando In power since national corruption case ever recorded he was a national defense Last January, Mozambique Guebuza tried to do. The law independence in 1975, in the history of Mozambique minister at the time. The joined Angola and Guinea- currently sets a maximum of the Frelimo Government involving $2.2bn. It was a Frelimo Party, as a legal Bissau in the group of two terms, each of which is 5 has been very closed and small nucleus of the Frelimo person, received $10m of “authoritarian regimes” of years old. More than ever, the lacking in transparency, party that secretly approved hidden debts. The Economist Intelligence Mozambican parliament will due to the country’s few billionaire loans, without the These are situations that Unit’s Democracy Index now be made up, ultimately, years of democracy. After knowledge of the Assembly were made thanks to the precisely because of their by a single voice, making the 12 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

so-called “people’s house”, a inclusive and democratic in parliament without balance. order to make Mozambique The authoritarianism of “a reference in the region, the Mozambican government in the continent and in the was highlighted in November world”. including by a Self-exiled G40 “I assure the commitment kingpin Professor Jonathan of Frelimo and my staff to Moyo and MDC-ALLIANCE work with everyone to create leader, Nelson Chamis. who a system in which trust have allegedly written a letter is the rule of coexistence, to South African President because the condition for Cyril Ramaphosa and selected Mozambique’s economic SADC leaders requesting for development is the Mozambicans are hopeful that the peace accords President Nyusi and his main them to push for exclusive continuous improvement of rival Osufo Momade of Renamo will be respected.Photo credit Facebook. dialogue between President our democracy” Nyusi said Mnangagwa and Chamisa, agreed that they would claiming that the regimes uncertainties remain as to in his first speech after the outside the Political Actors not send the letter to the in these countries are as what the new government election results. Dialogue (Polad). Presidents of Mozambique, repressive as Zimbabwe. of Filipe Nyusi will be like, Chamisa and Moyo have Zambia, Malawi and Angola, However, while he assures that it will be AU, Commonwealth, Francophonie Join Forces to End Cameroon's simmering Crisis By Amos Fofung

frican Union engaging with President Paul Commission Biya and other stakeholders AChairperson, HE on the progress that is being Moussa Faki Mahamat; made in addressing the root the Secretary-General of causes of the conflict, and Commonwealth, Rt Hon. how we can lend our collective Patricia Scotland QC; and support in promoting lasting the Secretary-General of La peace in the country,” the Francophonie, HE Louise press release said. Mushikiwabo, have engaged After the visit to the PM’s a joint mission to Cameroon office on November 27, the to seek an end to the trio also made a stop at the Anglophone Crisis. Unity Palace, where they The trio, engaged in discussed with President Paul the peace mission, visited Biya. Cameroon from November In a tweet, Biya stated that 26 to 28, to encourage the he had a “Fruitful discussions Cameroon government and with the Chairperson of the other forces to address the President Biya meeting with Moussa Faki Mahamat; the Secretary-General African Union Commission Anglophone Crisis. of Commonwealth Patricia Scotland , and the Secretary General of La – Moussa Faki Mahamat, Francophonie, Louise Mushikiwabo. They were received by the Secretary-General Prime Minister, Chief Dr. by the Commonwealth quoted a Commonwealth Dialogue convened by the of the Commonwealth Joseph Dion Ngute at the revealed that: “While in Spokesperson as saying: Government of Cameroon, of Nations – Patricia Star Building, to commence Cameroon, they will meet “Cameroon is a valuable the Commonwealth wrote Scotland, and the SG of the talks on how the three with the country’s leadership member of the African Union, that it “…welcomes the International Organization world bodies can help in and other stakeholders to the Commonwealth, and La outcomes of the recent of La Francophonie – Louise addressing the root causes encourage momentum in Francophonie, whose rich Major National Dialogue Mushikiwabo”. He, however, of the Anglophone Crisis efforts to address the conflict diversity is to be celebrated. held in Cameroon, as well did not talk about any details and, consequently, provide (in the Northwest and Every Cameroonian deserves as other existing home- relating to the discussions. a solution, and an end to the Southwest Regions of the peace and a return to grown initiatives aimed at “We believe that we have three-year ongoing war. country).” normality.” addressing the conflict. an obligation to contribute A press statement issued The press statement also On the Major National “We look forward to modestly through advice, PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 13 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

interventions in mediation activities or on technical subjects such as bilingualism and multiculturalism,” said Louise Mushikiwabo. Patricia Scotland, for her part, said that the Commonwealth is committed to doing everything possible to support the ongoing peace process initiated through National Dialogue. “The President of the Republic has once again expressed his willingness to engage in dialogue and appeasement,” President Biya meeting with Moussa Faki Mahamat; the Secretary-General of Commonwealth Patricia Scotland , and the Secretary General of La Francophonie, Louise Mushikiwabo.The world is growing the president of the African impatient with his response to the crisis in the English speaking regions Union Commission added. In a joint deceleration Biya to defuse political the Secretaries General justice and the conditions for United Nations High after their mission ended in tensions.” reaffirmed their commitment the resumption of normal life Commissioner for Refugees, Cameroon, the trio in a release They point to the fact that to support the national actors in the regions affected by the 21,291 Cameroonians fled dubbed; joint declaration of “Convinced that dialogue in the quest for ways and crisis. violence and fights between the tripartite mission” they remains the preferred path means to reach the necessary It has been almost secessionists and the army, welcomed the convening of to be encouraged within national political consensus, three years since a socio- towards Nigeria. The NGO the Grand National Dialogue the present Cameroonian and the creation of conditions political crisis broke out International Crisis estimates which according to them has context, they encouraged all conducive to the conduct of in northwestern and that about 2000 people died “ushered in a new dynamic the stakeholders to continue legislative and local elections, southwestern Cameroon. after 20 months of fighting. and which recommended, on the path of wisdom and particularly in the North West The said crisis began with The UNICEF, on its part, inter alia, the acceleration of responsibility, particularly and South West regions of the corporate demands from indicates that the widespread decentralization, the special that of the government in country, in peace, national lawyers and teachers but insecurity has forced more status of the North West and the implementation of the unity and in accordance with turned into violent separatist than 4,400 schools to close in South West regions, and the conclusions of the Grand our shared democratic values. claims with armed groups the English-speaking regions review of the education and National Dialogue.” The three leaders also urged spreading death and of the country. legal systems, including the The Chairperson of for every effort to be made desolation. measures taken by President the AU Commission and in order to restore security, According to the

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PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 15 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Parliamentary/Municipal Elections: Biya Convenes Electorate amid Armed Conflict By Boris Esono Nwenfor n a 10 November decree, the implantation of some President Paul Biya resolutions of just ended Iconvened the electorate Major National Dialogue to for legislative and municipal calm the rising nerves across elections across the country. the two troubled regions The decree sets aside Sunday and create an enabling 9 February 2020 as date environment for campaigns for the two elections. The before the election proper. decree which came after Apart from the crisis in the the said elections suffered two Anglophone regions, two postponements falls the Far North region is also within the legal framework facing security challenges as the current term of following attacks from Boko office of the councilors, Haram terrorists. and parliamentarians are MRC boycotting twin expected to end by 29 elections; SDF to follow? MPs of the opposition SDF during a tense sesssion, Legislative elections February 2020. The leader of the Cameroon have already suffered two postponements because of the political crisis in As stipulated in section Renaissance party, MRC of Cameroon. 169 (3) of the electoral code, professor Maurice Kamto on in the elections. To Joshua Osih, SDF they needed them most. voting shall be done 20 days to November 25 indicated that This decision has been National VP, “the fact that Many of these politicians the expiration of the mandate the party will not participate hailed by many of his we submitted candidacy files have been unable to fulfill of councilors and not more in the upcoming elections supporters who are equally does not mean that we will be their campaign promises and than 40 days to the end of the next year. calling for another opposition there on February 9,” He said. might be heading to their term of office of the members According to him, the parties to join suit in “We need Cameroonians that constituencies to tell fresh of parliament as stipulated reason for the boycott is boycotting the February 9 the only person capable of lies to the population. by section 148 (3). The long because the crisis in the two elections. putting an end to the war in Amba war to mar elections awaited election would bring English-speaking regions has The leading opposition the North West and South in Anglophone regions in new councilors across the yet to be resolved. meanwhile did a u-turn West Regions is President It is still unclear how 360 councils in the country, He equally indicated earlier in indicating that Biya alone. And what we elections will hold in two and 180 parliamentary seats. the problems encountered they will participate in the hope is that he will do that Anglophone regions with The elections are coming during the compilation of elections after they had before elections day.” “If he the ravaging wave insecurity when the crisis in the two documents, the non-revision earlier decided not to. There doesn’t, it will be impossible cause by the crisis. Many English Speaking regions are of the electoral code as other is however greater pressure for us to participate in the people have expressed fears getting worse. Many thought contributing factors to the at the moment for them to elections because we don’t as to how campaigns, and a the President will hasten up withdrawal of the MRC party follow the MRC Party. want bloodshed,” Osih added. free, fair, and transparent election will be conducted Runaway politicians, with such fear instilled in elites to face voters the locals by the gunmen and The ongoing Anglophone election officials. crisis has forced many Ayah’s PAP to Boycott politicians to escape their Twin Elections constituencies and forget The leader of the Popular about their electorates. Many Action Party, PAP, has of these politicians stealthily declared that the party won’t get to their base during under be part of what he termed military escort and are unable “dubious and fraudulent” to commune with their voters. upcoming legislative and The election will therefore municipal elections convened provide an opportunity for for 9 February 2020 by runaway politicians to face President Paul Biya. Njang the population they escaped Denis made the statement Currently the leading opposition party in Cameroon, the SDF has threatened to boycott the elections as well. from and abandoned when November 13, 2019, adding 16 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

that the sociopolitical panacea to the risen tensions atmosphere and economic across the country. “…At a conditions in the country do time when we are tired of not enable for any sincere seeing our children recruited elections to take place in any by Boko Haram, the Ambas part of the country. and the gangs of thieves To him, elections can’t be because they lack schools, convened when “the call for jobs, and any hope for the ceasefire and demilitarization future, at this very serious of the Anglophone zone time, what President Biya has has not been respected, found to offer us is elections? thousands of those arbitrarily Kah Walla questioned. arrested in connection with Expressing worries as to the Anglophone crisis is still how voters will go to polls in prisons under deplorable in the crisis-hit Anglophone conditions and more than Maurice Kamto who came second in the last Presidential elections says region when no ceasefire fifty thousand refugees in his MRC party will not participate in the elections. Photo REUTERS,Zohra has been called, Kah Walla Nigeria and more than half a Bensemra. reiterated that she and her million internally displaced electoral body designed by issued in reaction to the problem, redefine the nature party would “…carry out non- persons suffering from the the to confiscate and maintain President decree convening and form of the Cameroonian violent protest to say NO! consequences of a senseless power.” polls for the upcoming twin state. This time it’s NO! Cameroon war declared by Mr Biya.” elections. The ‘Stand Up For To her, a quick, practical, needs transition, Cameroon Njang adds that the party Calling Elections Now Cameroon Movement’ leader effective, and sustainable needs reconciliation, and cannot be part of the election, Is a Distraction — Kah believes elections cannot solution to the problems of Cameroon needs to rebuild when the electoral code is not Walla hold in Cameroon without water, education, electricity, its foundation.” revised under what they call Edith Kah Walla’s response a veritable dialogue that health, and roads, rather than “fraudulent and manipulative is contained in a communique will resolve the Anglophone rush into elections would be a Cameroon: Chaos, Controversies and Misery As Biya’s Life Presidency Clocks 37 By Boris Esono Nwenfor ovember 6 marked was clouded with lots of 37 years since misdeeds as the ruling party NPresident Biya was accused of various became the President of malpractices. Similar to the Republic of Cameroon. the election in 1992, the Since then, there has been opposition party, Cameroon a number of positives, and Renaissance Movement has equally negatives. continued to challenge the Paul Biya became president legality of President Biya’s of Cameroon on November victory in the last Presidential 6, 1982, following the election. According to its resignation of then President leader Maurice Kamto, he was Ahmadou Ahidjo. the winner of the elections, One of president Paul and not President Biya. Biya’s greatest success came Maurice Kamto has when he signed the Green tree continued to call for mass Agreement on June 12, 2006, protest against the election with Nigerian President With the country mired in unprecedented crisis, it may be a miserable end for result. President Biya’s the life presidency of Paul Biya. Olusegun Obasanjo which government’s action has “formally” put an end to the world-class of his own. the oldest ruler in Africa. seven-year mandate. He raised concerns about the Bakassi peninsula border Paul Barthelemy Biya Bi He recently won the 2018 will be 92 when his current spirit of peaceful protest in dispute, yet Biya by his reign, Mvondo is currently the Presidential election in the mandate ends in 2025. the country. Individuals, has hugely been considered longest-ruling non-royal country by a landslide victory, The election in 2018 politicians cannot carryout a tyrant and dictator in a leader in the world, and which gave him another as previous elections peaceful protest in the PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 17 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa country as they will be met caused enormous damages; with heave handedness from rendering about 530, 0000 security personnel. Maurice persons internally displaced, Kamto’s protest led to him and about 42,000 others and his supporters being as refugees in neighboring arrested and imprisoned for Nigeria. about eight months. The UN says the conflict In 2009, Biya was featured has created a humanitarian 19th in Parade Magazine‘s emergency for nearly two Top 20 list of “The World’s million people with no Worst Dictators.” “Tyrants, indication that it will end the World’s 20 Worst Living soon despite the Major Dictators”, a book by David National Dialogue held The preference of President to respond to legitimate concerns and demands Wallechinsky also ranked in September, a welcome of the English speaking regions with brute military force has backfired spectacularly. Biya among the world’s worst gesture of reconciliation. dictators. The three-year armed the country Bank’s Doing Business 2019 Cameroon would have David wrote, “Every conflict has claimed over President Paul Biya’s report. slipped into a civil war few years, Biya STAGES 3,000 lives, with half a regime has been hugely following the October 1992 an election to justify his million people displaced accused of corruption, 1984 coup d’état elections largely believed continuing reign, but these from their homes and 40,000 embezzlement and Biya savored Anglophones’ to have been won by the elections have no credibility. more having fled to Nigeria, dictatorship with the benevolence during the opposition SDF and Union according to data from continuous silencing of attempted coup d’etat in for Change candidate John Anglophone crisis International Crisis Group: political opponents, activists, 1984. It was an Anglophone Fru Ndi . Analysts say if putting a dark cloud on the regime says these figures and journalists opposed to his technician at a then Radio Anglophones and Fru Ndi in Biya’s stay in power are inflated. regime. Cameroon, Achu Samba, particular had not expressed President Biya’s reign is An insurgency by Nigerian Besides security concerns, who switched off the high restraint, the nation would being clouded with what jihadist group Boko Haram, weak governance and frequency support system have been buried in chaos. At is now known as “The which continues to carry endemic corruption - the to frustrate the message of that time, the International Anglophone Crisis,” across out attacks against civilian country was ranked 152 out the coup plotters from being community thought a civil war the North West and South and military targets in of 180 countries in 2018 broadcast across the country. was imminent in Cameroon. West Regions. Separatist Cameroon’s Far North Transparency International Accomplices of the coup Yet, Fru Ndi, an Anglophone, forces in the said regions have region, and spill-over from corruption perceptions plotters in other parts of the said “I can’t walk on the blood waged a war as they fight to the Central African Republic index—have undermined country, who were waiting for of Cameroonians to take gain independence from the refugee crisis in the East the effectiveness of state the broadcast on radio, did power.” On the occasion of his rest of Cameroon. Region, has also stretched the institutions and scared not get it and failed to take 37th anniversary in power, The European Union security apparatus. away investors. The country to action in joining the coup. observers say Biya should be says that the violence in is ranked 166 out of 190 This, historians have said, indebted to an Anglophone, Anglophone Cameroon has Persistent Corruption in economies in the World was one of the immediate Fru Ndi, for putting on such causes of the coup’s failure. a human face against the Within the same period, leisure of power. Biya’s bodyguard then With all that is presently Captain and now General going on in Cameroon — Ivo Yenwo, is said to be the Boko Haram crisis in the person who protected the North, Anglophone crisis in president from harm. In the the South West and North heat of the attack, Yenwo, West Regions, the refugee an Anglophone, is said to crisis in the East Region, and have preserved the life of the others, the Head of State’s man still presiding over the stay in power will certainly be destiny of Cameroon. Yenwo a tough one. Life presidencies saved Biya from the trap of come with a price and for all the coup plotters. the heat that he is facing, Mr Biya has no one to fault but Swiss police in battle with Cameroonians marching towards a hotel hosting 1992 presidential himself. President Biya in June. election

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PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 19 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Insight Into Tshisekedi's DR Congo: Is The Presidency Living Up to The Promise? By Jean-Pierre Afadhali

019 ushered in a new Firmin Yangambi, who had era in the Democratic been imprisoned on charges 2Republic of Congo such as insurrection against following historic peaceful the Congolese state, under power transfer between the former president Joseph former president Joseph Kabila. Kabila and ex- opposition Former presidential leader Felix Tshisekedi, hopeful Moise Katumbi but challenges remain on returned to the country multiple fronts in the mineral after a self-imposed exiled. rich central African country. Mr. Katumbi who was the President Tshisekedi governor of Katanga and ally took office in January after of Kabila but fell out with him disputed, and delayed was facing various charges. elections. The results He was eventually acquitted. were contested by another Felix Tshisekedi took office in January 2019. Photo Reuters. “I think I am changing opposition candidate endorsed president’s political African Community (EAC). his counterpart Paul Kagame, the human rights situation Martin Fayulu saying he and economic reforms agenda If accepted the membership the current chairman of EAC of Congolese people. I have was the winner. Despite the during a working visit. On could boost trade, free in June. introduced many reforms; controversy that surrounded the diplomatic front, the movements of goods and On local political scene, opponents are now free to do the 30 December 2018 new president seems to have persons in the Great Lakes one of major reforms was what they want. There are no elections, the new president improved the relations with region that is already the release of political longer arbitrary detentions,” appears to have been neighboring countries, and trading with members of prisoners. In March Mr. said the Congolese president accepted by the International Western partners. African the East African block. DR Mr. Tshisekedi pardoned in a recent interview with community to lead the countries Tshisekedi visited Congo formally applied for three prominent political a Russian TV. He was once troubled country amid to strengthen ties include admission to the six-member prisoners and 700 regular commenting on criticism that insecurity in the Eastern Kenya, Congo Brazzaville, block in June. ones. A move welcomed by nothing has changed since he areas. Uganda, and neighboring “This request follows many; some analysts said took office. Earlier this year the new Rwanda. The president called the ever-increasing trade it signaled the “break from The new authorities president unveiled his vision upon Congolese refugees to between the economic players the predecessor who had introduced the promised to transform the country. return home. of the Democratic Republic of imprisoned his opponents”. free primary education that The copy seen by Pan African Still on regional the Congo and those of the The freed included appears to face challenges Visions details how the cooperation, DRC expressed states of the Community,” opposition figures Franck in implementation. Some son of Etienne Tshisekedi- interest to join the East Tshisekedi said in a letter to Diongo, Diomi Ndongala and schools have implemented a prominent opposition free education but others are politician who passed on still charging students. in 2017, hopes to promote The delayed government foreign direct investment, formation drew criticism fight corruption, strengthen some saying the former rule of law, reform the president Joseph Kabila is electoral system, develop still in control. Tshisekedi physical infrastructure, has been leading under a revitalize the mining coalition between Kabila’s industry, diversify economy, movement FCC and his own restore peace and help pacify platform CASH. and grow economy of the In August, seven months Great Lakes region among after the new president was other reforms. inaugurated, the coalition The ambitious vision was government was announced. unveiled in the United States The power-sharing of America (USA) during agreement saw 23 members Tshisekedi’s first official of the executive drawn from Kabila may be out of office, but he still wields considerable influence in the trip outside Africa. The USA Tshisekedi Administration. Tshisekedi’s Direction for 20 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Change party (CASH), and Congolese armed forces the remaining 42 from former announced new offensive long-time president Joseph against rebels in North Kabila’s Common Front for Eastern Congo but the Congo (FCC) coalition. situation remain tense in the “It [the political situation] region especially Beni where is now calm; we are now most civilians killings are focusing on the goals to attributed to the Ugandan make Congolese people at the rebel group known as the center of what we do. We will Allied Democratic Forces ( also first restore security.” ADF). Insecurity is hindering president Felix Tshisekedi efforts to end Ebola. stated in a recent interview. Angry residents have Rampant insecurity in resorted to violent protest North East against UN peacekeepers Insecurity remains the (MONUSCO), one of the Meeting with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo .Tshisekedi has improved biggest challenge in North largest peacekeeping forces existing Congolese alliances around the world. Eastern provinces that have in the World. Residents North Kivu, one of the Ebola the police. overburdened communities.” also been affected by Ebola accuse the UN force for doing hotspots. According to WHO “Each day that we don’t Meanwhile, the future outbreak since August 2018. nothing to protect them from Ebola has killed more than have full access to all Ebola- of coalition of Tshisekedi The deadly disease appears militias. However, the UN 2000 people in DR Congo affected areas in DRC we and Kabila hangs in to be difficult to end amid peace keepers said they have since last year. Although the cede ground to the virus, balance following recent population mistrust and not been invited by DR Congo number of confirmed cases prolonging the outbreak.” misunderstanding. Radio increasing attacks on Ebola government to support the has decreased in recent weeks Said Tedros Adhanon France International (RFI) treatment centres. Congolese armed forces in the disease remain a global Ghebreyesus, the General reported that On Monday South Kivu that was largely the latest operations. emergency. Director of WHO on his 26 December Kabila’s FCC peaceful is also grappling On Tuesday 26 November, On Thursday 27 December twitter account in the wake went into a retreat to discuss with insecurity blamed for WHO evacuated 49 non- a local news website ‘7sur7’ a violent protests and attack various issues with focus on locals, foreign rebel groups essential staff out of the reported that an attack on on UN camp in Beni “This is the future of the alliance with and militias. 120 people working on the Ebola treatment centre at a tragedy because it will only the president’s platform. In Early November the epidemic in the city of Beni in Ebola epicenter was foiled by add to the suffering of already Rwanda -Uganda Feud Stalls Progress In East Africa By Maniraguha Ferdinand he only survivor of the media reported that political hurricane was unease and frustration Tthat hit East Africa with Rwanda sending Community (EAC) members spies to create chaos in 2019 was Tanzania. It aimed at overthrowing is a year that started with president’s Yoweri Museveni tensions and is likely going to government. end with tensions. In March this year, Rwanda EAC is made of six issued an advisory note to its members including Kenya, citizens warning them on Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, the dangers of crossing to Burundi and South Sudan Uganda. with the Democratic Republic of Congo is seeking to enter. The incident happened at EAC activities were stuck the same time when Rwanda firstly because of members was closing the busy border failing to pay their annual The peace deal between Museveni and Kagame is still to produce desired of Gatuna that links it to contributions on time. The results. Uganda. It was a way of second hindrance came from problems from 2018 but relations with Uganda were at government, and the illegal blocking goods that come tensions among its members they burst out in March this daggers drawn. detention, and torture of its from the northern corridor, mainly those of Rwanda and year. Rwanda took up the Rwanda accused Uganda of citizens living in Uganda. meaning those that are Uganda. chairmanship of the body harboring and aiding groups Though Uganda did not coming from Mombasa port This year inherited in February at the time its that want to overthrow its publicly air its frustrations, in Kenya, to Kampala and PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 21 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

then to Kigali and Eastern to refrain from actions that DRC. could jeopardize the security By June, it was reported of either countries. that Kampala had lost more The fruits of the initiative than $664 million’s worth remain to be seen , as border of exports to Rwanda while movements are still low Kigali had lost $104 million on both sides, and security during the three months personnel control them following the closure of the tightly. Uganda is yet to Gatuna border , according release Rwandans that are to Uganda’s East African said to be in the hands of its Community Ministry. security organs illegally. It also affected Kenya because most of goods that The meeting that was were coming from Kenya to Trucks at the Uganda-Rwanda border. The standoff took a serious toll on the scheduled to review the Rwanda or Rwanda to Kenya economies of both countries. Photo , Uganda Media Centre. results of Luanda agreement ought to pass through Uganda outcome of his abrupt visits in 2015 when the opposition member which knows little in Uganda was postponed as it is the easiest route. was not shared, the believe wanted to depose President about old allies, Kagame and from November. Earlier in March, President was that he tried to mediate Pierre Nkurunziza. Burundi Museveni. EAC heads of state held Uhuru Kenyatta of Kenya but did not succeed. says Rwanda received coup In August, Angola and DRC a summit in February had a one-day official visit to Kenya and Tanzania were plotters and equipped them tried to mediate in Luanda, when Rwanda was given Rwanda where he discussed the only right mediators, but to destabilize Nkurunziza’s and Rwanda’s Paul Kagame chairmanship baton. The next with President Paul Kagame. they failed. Burundi could government. Rwanda denies and Uganda’s Museveni summit slated for November, He immediately flew to not do it as its relations those allegations. signed a memorandum was postponed to 2020. Uganda to meet President with Rwanda have been South Sudan could not of understanding to ease Museveni. Though the strained since a failed coup mediate because it is a new tensions. Both leaders agreed A Recipe For African Success In NJ Ayuk's Billions At Play By Ajong Mbapndah L aunched recently NJ your new book in South Africa at a Billions at Play: The Lheavily attended event, Future of African Energy NJ Ayuk’s new book Billions and Doing Deals is now at Play: The Future of African available, what is the Energy and Doing Deals has message you seek to received rave reviews. convey? “Africans are more than Billions At Play is a capable of making our roadmap to the future that continent a success,” says NJ we, Africans, can build Ayuk in an interview with Pan for ourselves by getting African Visions to discuss a few things right. The the book. Past deals have biggest message that I not worked for a majority of seek to convey is that of African countries and Billions our shared responsibility At Play is a roadmap to the towards improving Africa future we Africans want to and creating the Africa our build for ourselves, says NJ future generations will thank Ayuk. NJ Ayuk speaking at the launch of Billions At Play in South Africa. us for. It goes beyond the With key roles roles as when it is mismanaged, and Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo “We are showing that we African energy sector. I hope CEO of Centurion Law Group, when extraction is done as a dreamer who has taken are not a helpless continent everyone can see how they and Executive Chairman of without proper supervision the time to develop a detailed and we don’t want handouts can be part of the solution in the African Energy Chamber, and regulations, without roadmap for realizing – our future will not be a more practical, sustainable Ayuk says Africans need to pragmatic solutions that that dream, Ayuk says he based on aid,” says Ayuk way. Africans are more know the worth and value promise sustainability,” says cherishes the battles he fights in the interview which also than capable of making our they bring into any oil and Ayuk. to get opportunities for fellow discusses the role of the continent a success. gas deals. Described by OPEC African to have a seat at the diaspora, women, alternative “Oil only becomes a curse Secretary General table. sources of energy ,and more. In terms of doing deals, 22 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

what is it that African deals that result in long- countries have failed term benefits for the people, to understand, and African companies need to what are some of the negotiate deals that keep suggestions that you are them on an equal playing field offering? with their competition and It’s no secret that in the empower them to grow, to past deals have proven not create and sustain jobs, and to work for a majority of to support the communities African countries – only they are based in. benefitting a selected few. We see the repercussions Looking at the continent of that daily, where African we see some countries countries are rich in oil and that have produced gas, but their communities oil for decades unable at large suffer from poverty to maintain a single and unemployment. My functional refinery, biggest recommendation? in other countries Gabriel Mbaga Obiang Lima, Minister of Mines and Hydrocarbons of Better deal-making abilities the resources seem to Equatorial Guinea, Abdirashid Mohammed Ahmed, Minister of Petroleum and implementation of local benefit a few and not the of the Federal Republic of Somalia,Kola Karim, Group Managing Director of content regulations. We need broader interest of the Shoreline Energy, and Rene Awambeng, Global Head of Client Relations at to learn how to negotiate people, how does Africa Afreximbank were at the launch better deals that benefit turn the resource curse up technology hubs! We once we have functional, well- world recently are in Africa. everyday Africans. We are to a blessing ? have seen how some African funded, transparent power We are showing that we are getting smarter at building Oil only becomes a curse countries have started taking utilities that make use of new not a helpless continent and new models for managing when it is mismanaged, and steps in this direction, and technologies and solutions we don’t want handouts – petroleum revenue. Africans when extraction is done that makes me really proud. and that partner with the our future will not be based need to know the worth and without proper supervision private sector to promote the on aid. Good things really value we bring into any oil and and regulations, without When we talk of energy, continent’s ability to power are happening across the gas deals and be confident in pragmatic solutions that the immediate focus is on itself in a sustainable manner. continent, and the petroleum that. Our laws must create promise sustainability. oil, could you talk on the Yes, most of Africa has industry is a common an enabling environment for Otherwise, it can be a potential of other forms solar exposure that is denominator. You can find international investors who true blessing. We need of energy like wind and very adequate for power plenty of examples of natural want to transfer technology infrastructure – we need solar and how this could generation, not to mention resources contributing to and empower Africans, to to build and own our own shape the future as well? wind, hydro, and other forms meaningful changes for be able to do business with refineries, pipelines, urea, Africa will never fulfill its of clean power generation. the better. I’ll forever be us. As I write in Billions At ammonia, and fertilizer true potential until access to The likes of Kenya, targeting optimistic, and I know my Play, good deal-making is plants, power plants etc. reliable power is widespread, a 100% clean energy mix is a hard work and optimism is crucial. We need to negotiate The same applies to setting and that can only be attained good example. contagious.

“Africans are more than What role do you see for capable of making our the African diaspora, continent successful,” especially those with you say in the book, the skills set that could looking at what is going make a difference on on in the continent, what the energy future of the makes you so optimistic? continent? Take a look around you The diaspora can actively and across the globe and engage with foreign partners, you will easily spot African which is essential to Africa’s brothers and sisters actively growth, and contribute to doing amazing things in their spreading a more objective spheres of influence, each narrative on the promising playing a role in transforming future the continent has. the lives of hundreds of Similarly, and as we seek to thousands of Africans. build better organizations and Similarly, the biggest run better businesses, skills Africans are more than capable of making our continent a success, says Ayuk. discoveries made in the learned and acquired abroad PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 23 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

can be highly beneficial to the continent.

“Africa needs companies that are willing to share knowledge, technology and best practices, and businesses that are willing to form positive relationships in areas where they work,” you say, what leverage do African countries have to compel companies from China, Europe, the US and other parts of the world to implement this? We need foreign oil and gas companies to continue operating in African communities and to continue hiring African people, purchasing from African Billions At Play is a roadmap to the future that we, Africans, can build for ourselves by getting a few suppliers, and partnering things right,says Ayuk. with African companies. I speak at a lot of conferences, have to do more to ensure yield great results for the oil has “taken the time Like I said, foreign partners and I am always faced with that women and men receive industry. I love unity! I love to develop a detailed are essential to Africa’s how few and far in between equal compensation, whether making money together! I roadmap for realizing growth, we need to push women executives are in it’s wages, community have Centurion Law Group that dream,” how far is ahead, and we cannot live these spaces. It’s a fact that programs, or property offices in South, West, and NJ Ayuk willing to go and prosper in isolation. We amongst African oil firms, royalties, etc. If I can do my East Africa already – I’m in rallying Africa and can also benefit from the women in leadership only part to put pressure, I’ll be glad the entire continent friends of Africa towards companies working on the account for only about 2-3%. happy. is catching up. I continue the fulfilment of this continent for investment So who is going to push the to embrace strong regional dream? collaborations and to build agenda for women, if not Billions at Play is also economy give the continent a That’s what I live for every the infrastructure necessary me? Not us? I know and hitting the stands at a competitive edge in the global day. Opening opportunities for industrialization. work with a lot of amazingly time of great excitement economy and it will make for fellow African to come and hardworking, innovative, and growing optimism a lot of pan-African work have a seat at the table. It is You also talk about the strong women that I believe with the African easier. Lets’ win together. an honor for me to be able to paucity of women in need to take their spaces in Continental Free Trade do that and call it my work. to the energy sector, what executive roles. Women have Agreement, AfCFTA, how In his foreword, OPEC open doors for other people, accounts for this and a great deal to offer, and good does this factor in into Secretary General the same way as doors were how important is it for jobs for women contribute the vision you share? Mohammad Sanusi open for me and knowledge the trend to be reversed? to a more stable, more The AfCFTA like in every Barkindo describes imparted. That is what it is all I sit in a lot of boardrooms, economically vital Africa. We other industry or sector, can you as a dreamer who about.

24 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 25 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Investigation links Global oil giants, influential Westerners as facilitators and benefactors of South Sudan war By Amos Fofung global link of Nation. facilitators, “The men who liberated Abenefactors, and South Sudan proceeded to influencers who either hijack the country’s fledgling directly or indirectly benefit governing institutions, loot from the war in South Sudan its resources, and launched War has been exposed due to a war in 2013 that has cost an investigation conducted by hundreds of thousands of The Sentry organization. lives and displaced millions An investigative and of people,” an executive policy team that follows the summary of the report reads. dirty money connected to “They did not act alone. The African war criminals and South Sudanese politicians transnational war profiteers and military officials ravaging and seeks to shut those the world’s newest nation “The local kleptocrats and the country’s fledgling “from Chinese-Malaysian oil benefiting from violence out received essential support their international partners— governing institutions, loot giants and British tycoons of the international financial from individuals and from Chinese-Malaysian oil its resources, and launched to networks of traders from system. corporations from across the giants and British tycoons a war in 2013 that has cost Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya The investigation shows world who have reaped profits to networks of traders from hundreds of thousands of and Uganda—” whom they how corporations have from those dealings. Nearly Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, and lives and displaced millions accuse of having accumulated profited from the country’s every instance of confirmed Uganda—have accumulated of people.” billions of dollars. civil war - and the links or alleged corruption or billions of dollars. The Reiterating the devastating “The country’s natural between armed groups, global financial crime in South country’s natural resources effects on the war-torn state, resources have been oil giants, as well as British Sudan examined by The have been plundered, lethal they added that “they did plundered, lethal militia and and American citizens. Sentry has involved links to militia and military units not act alone. The South military units responsible For years now, the world’s an international corporation, responsible for atrocities Sudanese politicians and for atrocities have received youngest country has been a multinational bank, a have received financing military officials ravaging financing and kleptocrats thrown into civil war in what foreign government or high- and kleptocrats have lined the world’s newest nation have lined their pockets with many term a man-made end real estate abroad…. their pockets with untold received essential support untold billions of dollars humanitarian crisis that the extent to which external billions of dollars allocated by from individuals and allocated by government engulfed the country since actors have been complicit in government programs meant corporations from across the programs meant to improve 2013. the taking of South Sudan.” to improve the livelihood of world who have reaped profits the livelihood of some of the Titled; The Taking of Naming and shaming those some of the poorest, most from those dealings. Nearly poorest, most vulnerable South Sudan”, the report benefiting from the war, the vulnerable people in the every instance of confirmed people in the world. The spoils names tycoons, brokers, and report notes that benefactors world.” or alleged corruption or of this heist are coursing multinational corporations have pocket billions of dollars Released in September financial crime in South through the international that are Complicit in and will reap more so long as 2019, the report profiles Sudan examined by The financial system in the form Hijacking the World’s Newest the war rages on. international actors who have Sentry has involved links to an of shell companies, stuffed provided international corporation, a bank accounts, luxury real direct support to South multinational bank, a foreign estate and comfortable safe Sudanese perpetrators of government or high-end real havens around the world for violence; actors who have estate abroad. This report the extended families of those formed private businesses examines several illustrative involved in violence and with top South Sudanese examples of international corruption.” officials responsible for actors linked to violence and Urging a broad-base human rights abuses and grand corruption in order investigation into the scandal international actors who have to demonstrate the extent to in South Sudan, the report benefited from major public which external actors have warns of more that any peace procurement scandals in been complicit in the taking efforts will yield no fruits as South Sudan. of South Sudan.” these “gang” will rather not As per the report; “the The report directly points lose their mines. President Salva Kiir and former Vice President Riek Machar have been grappling with challenges of men who liberated South to local kleptocrats and their implementing a peace deal. Sudan proceeded to hijack international partners— 26 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Celebrating Africans Who Made History in 2019 By Prince Kurupati any Africans of a heroine, an African managed to raise heroine. Taking the words Mthe African flag of Olympian Edwin Moses, high in 2019. As we come to “sports eligibility…should not the end of the year, we take be based on hormone levels a look at some these African or other differences of sex greats, giants and heroes. The development. If successful, African giants covered in this Semenya’s effort could open piece are drawn from all walks the door for all who identify of life including advocacy, as women to compete in education, business, sports, track events without having politics, and arts. to first medically lower their testosterone levels below a Caster Semenya (South proposed limit.” Africa) Abiy Ahmed (Ethiopia) Caster Semenya is a Abiy Ahmed won the Nobel sporting personality who Peace Prize award in 2019. Prime Minister Abiy. divides opinion. There are That on its own is a testament Ethiopia and Eritrea after 20 native country Tanzania gets that, the World Cup triumph those who are of the view to his efforts to bring peace years of war. And he made access to quality education signified an important that her sporting prowess to Ethiopia specifically and it possible for me to come with limited resources, Given moment in South African is a talent that we should all Africa in general. To better home…Yes, people are still Edward decided to create an history as people coming admire and appreciate no understand the impact that protesting. But now, when artificial intelligence-powered from different backgrounds need to take into cognizance Abiy Ahmed’s efforts have they protest, they aren’t SMS platform and app which and races managed to come other factors that may had, let’s take the words of going to jail. To me, that is delivers educational content together with ‘one goal’. diminish or reduce the Feyisa Lilesa, an Ethiopian democracy. That is hope.” to students without internet brilliance of her talents. Olympic silver medalist access and access to pricey Rami Malek (Egypt) There are also others who exiled from the country in Given Edward smartphones or textbooks. On the film and movies argue that her biological 2016 after protesting against (Tanzania) What students simply need front, Bohemian Rhapsody traits give her an unfair the then government at the They say success often to do is to text a question ranks easily as one of the best advantage in women’s Rio Olympics, “In Ethiopian comes to those who manage to a number provided by productions to come out in competitions. Regardless of history, we have never seen to find great solutions to Given. Afterwards, replies 2019. For Africa, the beauty where one falls, the simple a leader like him. He’s an difficult challenges. This is with answers already curated of Bohemian Rhapsody is that fact is that Semenya has educated person who talks exactly what happened to by Tanzanian teachers and the leading role was played by proved to be a resilient about unity. He has released Tanzanian innovator Given stored in a database are sent Rami Malek, an Egyptian- fighter in her quest to achieve thousands of people from jail. Edward. In his desire to back to the student. American actor. Malek’s greatness and that is a symbol He brought peace between ensure that every child in his prowess in front of the screen Siya Kholisi (South did prove that Africa can Africa) compete with the very best Siya Kholisi made history if the right foundation is put as South Africa lifted the in place. As stated by Robery Webb Ellis Cup recently. In Downey Jr., “I contend that the process, Kholisi became his mother Nelly, his father the first black captain of the Said, his sister Yasmine Springboks (nickname of the and his brother Sami are South African male rugby the foundational pillars to team) to lift the World Cup his rise. Mighta just been trophy in its 128-year rugby destiny…more likely it’s history. The victory meant yet another testament to that South Africa now holds hardworking immigrants the record together with raising their kids right and New Zealand of the most pushing our culture toward titles in World Cup history the light.” (3). Speaking soon after the match, Kholisi said he was Fred Swaniker (Ghana) Siya Kholisi became the first black captain of the Springboks. delighted to lift the Cup and Africa’s most valuable PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 27 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

Trevor Noah with President Ramaphosa of South Eliud Kipchoge. Africa.

asset are the youth. Fred As stated by Mo Ibrahim, Eliud Kipchoge (Kenya) and during the INEOS 1:59 to fill the Madison Square Swaniker realized this and “Fred understood that the Many people are Challenge in the Prater Park Garden in New York. During decided to develop this asset key to success was not about comfortable doing the in the Austrian Capital of his Loud and Clear Tour in so that it can in turn help leading the youth along a ordinary. However, Kenyan Vienna. Eliud’s achievement the city of New York, Noah in the development of the preordained path, but about athlete Eliud Kipchoge is is comparable in the annals performed before a crowd of continent as a whole. Fred allowing them to become not comfortable with being of human achievements to over 20,000 people! In the Swaniker, an entrepreneur authors of their own stories… ordinary; Kipchoge prefers standing on the moon and process, he became the first and leadership development That is what has inspired his doing the extraordinary. reaching the pinnacle of Mt African comedian to achieve expert came to a conclusion educational initiatives: the Kipchoge set himself a Everest. the feat and joined other that the only way to develop African Leadership Academy, superhuman target, the comedian gurus including Africa’s most valuable asset is African Leadership Network target was to run a marathon Trevor Noah (South Kevin Hart, Chris Rock and by imparting knowledge and and African Leadership in under two hours! Africa) Eddie Murphy in achieving skills such that these skills University. Together, they Unbelievable to many, South African comedy the honour of filling up and knowledge can be used in hope to educate 3 million Kipchoge actually worked guru Trevor Noah did the Madison Square Garden. turn to develop the continent. leaders of tomorrow.” on achieving this target unthinkable as he managed A Robust Response in Gestation from African Mayors to Fight Climate Change By Ajong Mbapndah L

igher temperatures, and implementing took place in Ghana recently questions from PAV The Covenant of Mayors changing rainfall sustainable climate and and featured the Conference Could we start by in Sub-Saharan Africa Hpatterns, drought, energy actions that center of the Covenant of Mayors In introducing the Covenant (CoM SSA) is the “regional and increased climate on access to clean energy, Sub-Saharan Africa-CoM SSA of Mayors In Sub-Saharan covenant” of the Global variability are some of the climate mitigation and , the most critical of messages Africa for us and its brief Covenant of Mayors for climate changes pushing climate adaptation. Funded were to ensure accessibility history? Climate & Energy (GCoM). scientist and experts to make by the European Union, CoM of climate finance at the local Frédéric Vallier, Secretary It is a bottom-up and dire predictions on the future SSA is the regional chapter of level. General, CEMR :The voluntary initiative that for Africa if nothing is done. the Global CovenantofMayors To shed more light on the Covenant of Mayors in Sub- invites cities to define and Determined to meet the ,the largest coalition of cities climate change challenges Saharan Africa (CoM SSA) meet ambitious and realistic challenge of climate change to local climate and energy and the robust response that initiative supports Sub- energy and climate targets. head on, African mayors and action, an initiative shaped by Africa mayors are working Saharan cities in their fight Cities and Local authorities local governments leaders local governments to reflect on, Jean Pierre Elong Mbassi, against climate change and are encouraged to define are taking urgent actions to the importance of climate and Secretary General of the in their efforts in ensuring their long-term vision and cushion the effects. energy action at local level United Cities and Local access to clean energy. actions towards a sustainable Working under the aegis while highlighting the context Governments of Africa- Started in 2015, the initiative future based on the pillars of of The Covenant of Mayors and specificities of the Sub- UCLG and Frédéric Vallier is shaped by local authorities Climate Change i) Mitigation, in Sub-Saharan Africa (CoM Saharan region. Secretary General at Council for the local authorities to ii) Adaptation, and iii) SSA) – African cities and Following the 2nd African of European Municipalities reflect the local context and sustainable, affordable and municipalities are developing Climate Chance Summit, that and Regions-CEMR, fielded specificities. secure Access to Energy. Frederic Vailler and Jean Pierre Elong Mbassi. 28 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

The CoM SSA initiative was Frédéric Vallier, Secretary launched in 2015, just around General, CEMR : In Africa, the same period as the cities and municipalities historic Conference of Parties are particularly vulnerable (COP) 21 and is funded by the when it comes to climate European Union, with the change. Increasing floods and ambition of bringing together droughts threaten city’s social local governments in Sub- and economic health, and the Sharan Africa voluntarily need for clean, stable energy committed to fighting climate is constant. One of the major change. successes is that the initiative The main objective of has over 200 signatory cities the CoM SSA is to increase across sub-Saharan Africa, the capacity of cities to and is working with 13 pilot provide access to sufficient, cities which are receiving sustainable and safe energy funding from the European related services to urban and Union to develop climate peri-urban populations, with action plans and implement special attention to energy pilot actions in their Mr. Jean Pierre Elong Mbassi, Secretary General, UCLG Africa. efficiency and renewable territories. Thanks to CoM energy as drivers for local low SSA, mayors and city civil Africa regardless of size. and technical support on take place in Madrid, Spain emission, climate resilient, servants have been mobilized, Benefits of joining the climate and energy planning between 2-13 December sustainable development. their awareness increased, initiative are numerous but a including the very important 2019. Given the major challenge their capacities built, and snapshot view includes: step to access finance The 2nd African Climate of urban growth in most their readiness to face climate • Capacity • Gaining access to Chance Summit, featuring the African countries in the change improved. building and support to best practices and taking part Conference of the Covenant coming decades, the specific implement climate change in city to city partnerships of Mayors in Sub Saharan objective is to increase local How many members policy commitments that leading to knowledge Africa (CoM SSA) took place governments’ planning does CoM SSA have and contribute to the Sustainable exchanges and peer support at in Ghana, can you shed some capacities on urban design, what does it take to join? Development Goals (SDGs) regional and local workshops light on how the Summit mobility and energy. Jean Pierre Elong Mbassi, and the drive for cities and in Senegal, Kenya and Cape went and some of the major Secretary General, UCLG local governments to be Town to name a few. outcomes? What would you cite Africa :Joining CoM SSA, recognized and included in • Engaging in Jean Pierre Elong Mbassi, as some of the success now more than 200 cities the development of Nationally networking opportunities Secretary General, UCLG stories of CoM SSA since strong, is open to any city or Determined Contributions with other global cities Africa :Jean-Pierre Elong- its creation? municipality in Sub-Saharan • Access to general including the participation Mbassi, Secretary General of the Mayor of Accra of the United Cities and representing Africa on the Local Governments of Executive Board of GCoM Africa, chaired the first day’s at the UN Climate Action opening and he highlighted Summit in New York in four key messages from the September 2019 where he Conference spoke passionately about i) The need to correct the impact of climate on the imbalance in financing the health of people in his Climate Adaptation to enable city through air pollution African local governments highlighting solutions to achieve their ambitious that Accra the city aims to climate action plans, with introduce to address this Africa demanding more • Increase adaptation finance; international visibility for ii) Ghana to position Sub-Saharan Africa local itself as Africa’s Climate Hub governments’ climate and and champion the localisation energy actions through of Nationally Determined joint events such as Climate Contributions. The Mayor Chance and the participation of Accra, who is the Global in key Global events including Covenant of Mayor’s Frederick Vailler CEMR SG. COP 25 scheduled now to Executive Board member PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 29 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

and CoM SSA Ambassador, is and make it more effective. to some of the dire Climate Chance conference society. well positioned to take these In terms of climate reports that we see in in Accra. messages to the international change, how is this some international Besides the funding What kind of mechanism stage; manifested in some of publications? that it provides, what does CoM SSA have in iii) The Climate Chance your member cities, what Jean Pierre Elong Mbassi, other support do you get place to monitor progress Summit Africa to become the are some of the changes Secretary General, UCLG from the EU and other with recommendations preparation conference for worthy of concern that Africa :According to IPCC international partners, from the recent forum, COPs representing cities, are been reported? regular reports, Africa is and how do you balance and what next in the local governments and non- Jean Pierre Elong Mbassi, one of the most vulnerable local or African realities months and years to state actors in Africa to Secretary General, UCLG continents and it is already with dictates of some come for CoM SSA? formulate and deliver their Africa :Some cities have one that is experiencing of the international Frédéric Vallier, Secretary messages, declarations and created teams of civil servants the consequence of climate partners? General, CEMR :CoM SSA recommendations at an within their municipal changes in the most Frédéric Vallier, Secretary Help Desk based in Accra, at international level where structure, sometimes in spectacular way. Droughts, General, CEMR : In addition UCLG-Africa’s West Africa these ambitious climate plans cooperation with other flooding, desertification, to its financial support, the regional office, is in constant that are now called “The supporting stakeholders from biodiversity loss, etc. are European Union supports contact with signatory cities Accra Climate Dialogue”; and civil society and universities, happening more often and CoM SSA through the in order to provide them iv) The most critical of to address the issues of climate in worse proportions than involvement of its Joint with technical support and messages from the conference change and energy access. before. Research Centre, a European monitoring their progress is to ensure climate finance is The institutional dynamic at research agency, which towards the development of accessible at the local level. city level was boosted by the We noticed that that developed key material for their climate action plans. capacity building activities the activities of CoM the development of climate The Help Desk, together with The theme of the that cities could benefit from SSA are funded by the plans (Guidebook for the other partners such as ICLEI- conference was the CoM SSA program, as European Union, what elaboration of climate action Africa, is also liaising with “Towards the well as thanks to the peer- kind of support are your plans) and still provides cities on possible funding Institutionalization of learning with other cities members and CoM SSA technical support. opportunities. Local Climate Action from the continent, such as as a group getting from CoM SSA implementing The European Union will and Access to Finance,” Bouaké in Ivory Coast and African governments? partners from Europe have continue to support the CoM how did it tie in with the Tsévié in Togo, which both Frédéric Vallier, Secretary also shared experiences SSA, including with specific objectives or agenda that almost finalized their climate General, CEMR :CoM SSA acquired with the European support to African cities ready CoM SSA has? plans. These cities already initiative does not receive Covenant of Mayors and to implement a climate plan Jean Pierre Elong Mbassi, implement local projects specific support from African promoted city partnerships from 2020. African partner Secretary General, UCLG such as safer and cleaner government. However, in of African cities with organisations, such as UCLG- Africa: The idea is to make cook stoves, public lightening some instances, contacts have European cities in the area Africa (based in Accra), climate action a component powered by solar energy been established with agents of climate action. CoM SSA ICLEI-Africa (based in Cape of most of the municipalities and waste management from ministries so they can also relies on its partners Town), Sustainable Energy in every country in Africa. initiatives. promote the initiative back based in Africa, with their Africa (based in Cape Town) National governments have to their countries or promote strong local experience, to and ENDA Energies (based a role as they can create Looking at the realities the cooperation of cities with provide support in capacity- in Dakar) will continue their the enabling environment, on the ground, in the national statistical agencies building, technical support, work in guiding the CoM SSA such as new institutional cities across Africa, for example. The President opportunities for advocacy signatory cities through their framework, in order to how bad or alarming is of Ghana spoke in support and opportunities of climate action. generalize local climate action the situation compared of CoM SSA during the last cooperation with African civil

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 30 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 31 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Q & A with Twiga Foods Co-founder & CEO, Peter Njonjo By Ajong Mbapndah L

s Twiga Foods Takes on small farmers because of Kenya does it cover? Lead in Setting the Continent’s retail is Peter Njonjo: Twiga’s AStandards for dependent on small informal m-commerce platform production and distribution vendors. enables vendors to order in Sub-Saharan Africa, PAV With current fresh produce, as and when caught with its Co-Founder fragmentation, it makes no needed, from farmers across and CEO Peter Njonjo sense for a farmer to plant 50 Kenya. As a result, farmers for a Q&A on important acres of potatoes, or 30 acres have guaranteed access to developments, and way of bananas, because they’d a fairly priced, transparent, forward for the Kenyan have no route to sell those mobile marketplace and company. volumes into a fragmented vendors can consistently marketplace. However, source high-quality produce, Could we start by getting staying small is extremely which is conveniently an introduction of Twiga inefficient: a farmer with less delivered for free to their Foods, and how its than 3 acres achieves only 14 doorstep within 18 hours of creation came about? percent of the yield/acre of ordering. Twiga Foods Co Founder Peter Njonjo is leading Peter Njonjo: Twiga Foods a farmer with more than 20 At the moment, we are innovation in food distribution across the was created to address issues acres, ensuring the cost of mainly working with vendors continent. around food production and food remains far too high. in Nairobi and farmers on the and Creadev. An additional d’Ivoire, Mali, Burkina Faso, distribution in Sub-Saharan Our approach is to “re- outskirts, but we are hoping $6 million in debt was raised Togo, Senegal etc) and then Africa. When you consider engineer” the agricultural to expand into Mombasa and from OPIC and Alpha Mundi. Nigeria. that a disproportionately value chain as an end to end Nakuru in the coming months This new investment We are also building a new high percentage of disposable tech-enabled market, rather will fund the continued distribution centre that will income is spent on food - 55 than seeking to optimise Twiga Foods was development of our have state-of-the-art cold percent in Kenya and 60 existing fragmentation. By recently in the news for proprietary technology and rooms, conveyors and sorting percent in Nigeria. Compared aggregating a fragmented Securing $30M to digitize logistics assets to support equipment, which will enable to 8 percent in the UK - it retail space, we aim to enable food distribution, can the roll-out of its distribution Twiga to offer supply chain made sense to explore ways the creation of an efficient you shed some light on system and lay the services for both agricultural to bring costs down. domestic agricultural this? foundations for expansion and FMCG products. The Since we started Twiga production industry, when Peter Njonjo : Our latest into other cities on the distribution centre should be in 2014, we have also come before there was none, while funding round was led continent. ready by February 2020. to realise that Africa’s food generating incremental value by Goldman Sachs, with Our aim is to bridge gaps in production challenges for all market participants. participation from existing food and market security, and To other young aspiring actually begin with investors including the this funding will also help us entrepreneurs who will fragmented consumer retail. How are your services International Finance to do that. Since launching want to emulate the The Continent is dependent provided and how much Corporation, TLcom Capital in 2014, Twiga Foods has success of Peter Njonjo, transformed the lives and what words of wisdom businesses of more than can you share with 17,000 farmers and more them based on your than 8,000 vendors but there experiences? is still a long way to go. Peter Njonjo: The first piece of advice I would offer With the financing, aspiring entrepreneurs is where does this lead that they should always seek Twiga Foods, any to be part of the solution. In projections for the next the early days of my career, five years for instance? I was so keen to identify Peter Njonjo: We plan to problematic situations and expand into Mombasa, and things that didn’t work but possibly Nakuru, within the didn’t always prioritise next year. After that, the finding a solution to these next step would be to expand problems I’d identified. across the continent, starting On one occasion, my boss with French-speaking West actually told me he would African countries (Côte fire me if I brought him one 32 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

more problem. Thankfully, product or service you have that did not kill my curiosity. to offer It was the trigger I needed to think differently which has The African Continental been a great asset for me in Free Trade Agreement is my career. expected to go into effect The second thing would next year, any strategy be to always stay curious. in the works for Twiga Curiosity is a state of foods to benefit from the mind that allows you to changes it will bring? discover so many things. Peter Njonjo: One of our It will also lead you to main objectives is to solve ideas that will differentiate the problem of reliable you from everyone else. access to food across Sub- As an entrepreneur, Saharan Africa and the Founders Grant Brooke and Peter Njonjo at work . Photo Credit Jeff Angote this differentiation is an AfCFTA provides an effective .NMG. invaluable asset to have. One framework for achieving However, when the time is factors in all the peculiarities we are looking forward to that will be very useful for that. At the moment, we are right for us to expand outside of each market. The AfCFTA exploring the opportunities helping your consumers and focusing on Kenya because Kenya, we will be doing so makes it easier for African that come with it. customers see value in the it is the market we know. with a nuanced approach that countries to trade goods and There is still Tremendous Potential for US-African Trade Ties - Prince Ayotunde Adebayo on 2020 Trade Expo By Ajong Mbapndah L

Boosting trade ties partners, and participants all African Consumable Products between Africa and the USA, leave satisfied. Expo 2020 (https://www. and forging stronger bonds In-between the event useximafricaevent.com) will between the continent, and of 2013 and that of 2020, be held on July 15-18, 2020 its sixth region, are some of Prince Ayotunde has been at the Baltimore Convention the key objectives pushing busy with other initiatives to Center, Baltimore, Maryland, Prince Ayotunde Adebayo build bridges between Africa United States. and his team into organizing and its diaspora. From the The event is focused on the 2nd U.S. Export-Import Ooni-US Tour and Oduduwa promoting Africa and the Opportunities For African Economic Development and sixth region businesses and Consumables 2020 Trade Leadership Transformation culture. It is also designed to Expo. Awards Dinner 2016, to the attract investors from around Billed for the USA in Ooni-Smithsonian African- the world to have a different Baltimore, Maryland, Prince American History Museum mindset on what type of Ayotunde says his team is Tour ,the Ooni-National investments and investors hard at work for a hitch free Great Blacks In Wax Museum Africa deserves. For decades, event with multiple business Tour in July 2018, Team Africa has been looped deals expected, building Familiar, (A GoGo Music) holed by our leaders and strong networks, a celebration Tour to Ile-Ife, Nigeria, foreign investors are taking of culture, recognizing December 2017, Africans In advantage of this opportunity meritorious talent, and more Diaspora-Olojo Festival Tour, Prince Ayotunde Adebayo has been a strong force in and rendering the continent on the menu. Ile-Ife, Nigeria, September building bridges between Africa and its diaspora. into a divided community. A graduate of International 2018 and Rebranding Africa’s Marketing from the London Identity that featured oversees the operations of Can you start by Can you shed light on the School of International Professor PLO Lumumba, in the companies: NaviGroup, introducing us to the US next Annual, Exhibition Business, Nigerian born October 2018 Inc., Navigators Group, Inc., Export -Import events and Awards that you Prince Ayotunde believes Opportunities like this GlobalTel Telecom, Inc., Pan- that you manage? have announced? that the experience garnered do not come everyday said Afrikan Back To The Roots, It’s my pleasure to The 2020 US EXIM Africa from the maiden event in Prince Ayotunde Adebayo Inc. and The EventsSpace, introduce and welcome Entertainment & Awards are 2013 will be put to ample who is also the Founder Inc. you to the 2nd U.S. Export- designed to cast a light on use in making sure sponsors, of several start-ups and Import Opportunities for the key players within the PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 33 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

young undiscovered youths on the website, once clicked in the African and African read the instruction on that Diaspora entertainment page and follow the “Click industry. In recent years, Here” to schedule their visa the entertainment business appointment. has evolved, changing how the world conducts business What can participating alike globally in a variety of companies typically expect to industry platforms. benefit from the event? With an increasing rise in demand for high-quality The US Export-Import entertainment, corporations Opportunities for African have paved the way for Consumable Products Expo creativity, efficiency and is intended to create a unique cost effective management, market assess in the non- thus providing organizations oil exports to Buyers and with an invaluable and sellers attending the summit. immeasurable reach to clients Attendees will have access and customers in all stages of to an even better experience entertaining. at U.S. Export-Import US EXIM Africa Opportunities for African Entertainment & Awards of attendees in the 2013 expo. and personalities that participation, what do Consumable Products 2020 reward these leading actors, You have been doing have already booked they need to do, and Expo. creative individuals, and promotion for a few participation at the for those coming in innovative firms who have months now, what has event? from Africa, anything Educational Benefits provided the world with new, the response been both We have extended been done to ease visa Admission to Smart cutting-edge techniques. from Africa and the USA? invitation letters to various procedures for them? Thursday’s educational These awards bring to center Since we commenced businesses, government and For companies interested, sessions (complimentary, stage those, who through the promo on the event a private individuals and we are they should visit www. except where shown). creative flare, commitment, few months ago, we have receiving positive indications useximafricaevent.com for U.S. Export-Import and hard work have obtained a huge acceptance with confirmations from registration or contact any Opportunities for African developed and shared their by professional and well invited speakers from of our representatives within Consumable Products Expo ideas to fundamentally evolve experienced speakers from all Chairman/Founder of their countries of origin. 2020 Keynotes on Thursday the business world and the works of life, including a well- African Diaspora Chamber of Presently, we are covered in & Friday. lives of consumers for years known African-American Commerce, Patricia McCants, about 15 countries in Africa; Up to 30 educational to come. film celebrity, Brian Hooks. Founder, President & CEO of Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, sessions throughout U.S. Brian is very keen in Global Institute of Planning Republic of Benin, Sierra Export-Import Opportunities How did the previous networking with Africa, and and Sustainable Development Leone, Liberia, Gambia, for African Consumable event go and what the Maryland State Governor, in United States, Managing Togo, Kenya, Tanzania, Products 2020 Expo week. improvements or His Excellency, Governor Director of Anaheim Uganda, Cote D’Ivoire and innovations should Larry Hogan, who endorsed Investment Group Services Central Africa; Antigua, Networking Benefits participants expect at the event and welcome all Ltd., Antigua, Executive Columbia, Germany, U.S. Export-Import the 2020 event? prospecting and potential Consultant of Anaheim United Kingdom and of Opportunities for African During the first and participants from around the Investment Group Services course, France. For African Consumable Products 2020 maiden event, we had a lot of world and stressed further Ltd., Antigua, DR. Gloria participants, we have notified buyer – supplier receptions. challenges and difficulties in that he congratulates the Bozeman Herndon, Founder, the American Embassies/ putting the event together due organizers of the event. President & CEO of GB Group Consulate in Africa and the What is the state of to finances and acceptance by Due to the fact that we are Global and Sterling Bank Department of States about business ties between the top Government officials, working in collaboration with Nigeria Plc. I cannot give you the event. In addition, there’s the USA and Africa and whose portfolios/department other African countries and a complete run down of all a link on the website which what are some of the were relevant to the program. its sixth region, it has helped who have expressed interest , directs all foreign applicants lucrative sectors that The event had a significant in creating more awareness but believe me it is a long and to the US Embassies around you see strong prospects number of participants, but in Africa and high interest growing list and we are still the world to schedule their of mutually beneficial unfortunately, most of the for participation continues to open. Participants will not be visas interview dates easily deals? attendees were from Africa grow. disappointed. upon registration for the From agricultural and not everyone was able event. The link to the U.S. commodities to airplanes and to obtain visas to attend. So, May we know some of For companies out Embassies/Consulate can be oil, two-way trade between this created a slight shortage the early companies there interested in found on the Travel Plans tab the United States and Africa 34 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

is booming. That’s due largely during a session at the World to a reciprocal free trade Economic Forum on Africa, agreement called the African developed with the Forum›s Growth and Opportunity Act Platform for Shaping the (AGOA). Future of International Trade Since that law went into and Investment. effect in 2001, non-oil trade between the U.S. and Africa We end with an has tripled. opportunity for you The theme, ”U.S. Export- to make a pitch to Import Opportunities for businesses and people African Consumable Products out there to join the event 2020 Expo .” Of particular in 2020, why should they interest is the importance of be part of the event? women, civil society and the They should join because private sector in powering this is an opportunity for economic growth in Africa. The previous edition of the event led to business deals and partnerships in Africans and Individuals of The African Union has millions of dollars. African descent across the launched the operational market for goods and services critical for growth and job on the line for this agreement. sixth region to merge in doing phase of the Africa across 54 countries, allow the creation for Africa and its It’s a game-changer. There’s business together, hence Continental Free Trade Area free movement of business 1.27 billion people. Clinching much more political energy this will create economic (AfCFTA), which will be the travellers and investments, Nigeria›s agreement and today than there has ever empowerment for them at world›s largest free trade area and create a continental moving into the operational been on integration,” said the same time bridge the by number of countries once customs union to streamline phase this July was a Arancha Gonzalez Laya, gap between Africans and it’s fully up and running. trade - and attract long-term significant step: Executive Director of the Individuals of African descent After years of talks, the investment. “We now have leaders of 54 International Trade Centre across the sixth region to goal is to establish a single The agreement is seen countries putting their neck (ITC). She was speaking create unity . Demonizing Oil and Gas companies is not a constructive way forward on energy transition. Africa will push for 'the Right to Drill' African nations must and will take advantage of their hydrocarbon resources for economic development. Environmental sustainability is a part of it, not an impediment. By NJ Ayuk ohannesburg, 14 speaks to many across the companies will not have an November 2019: In world that have become impact on carbon emissions, Jan article written for rightfully concerned by the but it might raise the price of the Guardian newspaper effects of climate change on fuel in the long run. That is this week, Nobel Peace Prize our environment. not the goal intended. Winner Archbishop Desmond However, it is also a While there is demand Tutu of South Africa argued misguided sentiment. Oil for hydrocarbons, there will for an Apartheid-style boycott and gas companies are not be production. The shift in on coal, oil and gas companies autocratic regimes focused the dynamic of supply and as a solution to fight climate on oppressing the people and demand in recent years can change and help ensure global steal their resources. They already be spotted in the environmental sustainability are businesses, which yes, way oil and gas companies goals. “We must stop climate are focused on profit, but have restructured. More and renewable resources. I cover most evident example, to change. And we can, if we they are also focused on the more, these companies are this extensively in my recent showcase that change in use the tactics that worked in sustainability of the business diversifying their portfolios book, Billions at Play. Oil and corporate paradigm. And in South Africa against the worst itself. In practical terms, it to include renewable energy gas companies are shifting all honesty, who else would carbon emitters,” the subtitle means that these companies assets and many of them are into becoming “energy be better prepared, better of the piece reads. adapt to the needs of the at the forefront of research companies”, they are even funded and better placed to The sentiment expressed economies they are integrated and development of new rebranding, with Equinor drive the energy transition by Mr. Tutu is laudable and in. Boycotting oil and gas technologies to help exploit (former Statoil) being the that we all seek. Demonizing PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 35 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

energy companies is not a not be at the top of the list of constructive way forward, concerns when debating the and ignoring the structural African energy sector, but it role that carbon-based should inform environmental fuels have in today’s society impact assessment policies distorts the public debate. and foster best practices in Bringing energy companies, the industry, not put a stop governments and civil to it. society groups together to Yes, renewable energy find functional solutions will sources can have a role achieve much more. in contributing to expand This is especially the electrification in Africa, case in Africa. While the and solar and wind power concerted effort amongst have become competitive all of the world’s nations when compared to carbon- is fundamental to curb the based generation, but that effects of climate change, it will always depend on the NJ Ayuk. is paramount to have a clear resources available in each understanding of what efforts not develop those [oil and and hurts their ability to The African Development region and will always have will be most decisive, and gas] fields, that is criminal. It compete in international Bank has estimated that to be supported by other which regions of the world are is very unfair.» markets. African leaders are between USD$130 and forms of generation capacity in a better position and have Minister Lima’s blunt now painfully aware of the USD$170 billion a year in that can overcome the issue the biggest responsibility to words are an answer to a damage an unreliable energy the run up to 2025 would of intermittency that follows tackle these issues. number of misconstrued network causes on national be needed to close the renewable power generation. To be sure, Europe, North views about the African economies and are moving to infrastructure gap across This is already happening. America and China, by and continent, and about change that. the continent. How are Kenya, for instance, is one of large responsible for much the oil and gas industry Today, natural gas is by African nations to fund these the world’s leading nations of the CO2 emissions that it is striving to develop. far the most economically fundamental developments in terms of the share of are behind the changes in While a few nations across sustainable way of if they give up on exploring its energy matrix coming our climate, have to live up to the continent have been producing power in enough their natural resources? from renewables, on its that responsibility and move producing hydrocarbons for quantities to fuel economic How can the Western world, way to reach 100% in the towards more sustainable decades, these resources have development. Petrochemical or anyone for that matter, coming years, but it also practices. mostly been exported to fuel plants represent a massive suggest, or demand, that holds some of the world’s We can not expect African industrial development in economic opportunity to African nations leave these largest geothermal energy nations, which put together Europe, the US and Asia. The produce byproducts from oil resources underground when reserves, and it will continue have polluted 7 times less reasons for this are varied and gas with a higher value it was these same resources to develop its oil reserves than China, 13 times less than and have as much to do within the supply chain, an that powered economic because it needs the money to the United States, and 18 with the European colonial opportunity to create jobs, development everywhere fund economic development. times less than Europe since legacy as with the lack of develop infrastructure and else? Africa’s time to grow and the beginning of the industrial existing financial resources produce wealth. Refineries After decades of colonial develop is finally here, and it revolution, according to and expertise to develop too have a dramatically occupation and subsequent will be funded by its natural Carbon brief, to undermine local economies over the last positive impact in curbing the political and military in- resources. Misguided moral their best opportunities for century. need for fuel imports. All of fighting, many African lessons from the West will do economic development by That, however, is coming these are fundamental pieces regions have now reached little to change that because simply aligning with the to a change. As I have argued of the puzzle that will foster the level of stability that will the financial resources Western view of how to tackle and championed for years, Africa’s economic growth and allow them to build working coming from these activities CO2 emissions. African nations are finally promote the betterment of functioning economies. The are crucial and irreplaceable. Gabriel Obiang Lima, starting to make use of these the lives of its people. I have fuel for that will be these In a somewhat ironic way, Minister of Mines and resources to develop their been saying this for a long countries’ natural resources, even if Africa wanted to Hydrocarbons of Equatorial own national economies. We time and have helped with be it oil, gas, coal or diamonds. stop using fossil fuels and Guinea, summed it up quite must remember that nearly that development through Boycotting the companies shifted every power station to decisively to the press last half of all Africans still don’t the African Energy Chamber, that can help these countries renewable sources, it would week during the Africa Oil have access to electricity and supporting cooperation develop these resources still be forced to develop its Week in Cape Town. «Under that nearly every company in amongst African nations to would be paramount to oil and gas fields in order to no circumstances are we the continent struggles with promote intra-African trade economic suicide. fund that transition. going to be apologising,» he the lack of power reliability, on energy resources and build This is not to say that There is no point in said, «anybody out of the which raises operational synergies, which is the way environmental sustainability promoting radical approaches continent saying we should costs, reduces productivity forward. and climate change should to the energy transition, 36 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

particularly for Africa. protection policies in the South Africa›s Energy them, “you know we can do His experience negotiating oil A balanced manageable sector is the option that is not Minister, in an article that, but you›ll breathe fresh and gas deals has given him and well-lead approach of only realistic, but that will covering the Africa Oil Week. air in the darkness”. an expert’s grasp of Africa’s progressive transitioning allow to combine economic «Energy is the catalyst for Enough said. energy landscape. He is the combining hydrocarbons growth and environmental growth,» he said, «they even *NJ Ayuk is the CEO of author of “Billions at Play: and renewable energy sustainability. want to tell us to switch off Centurion Law Group and The Future of African Energy development alongside The New York Times all the coal-generated power the Executive Chairman of and doing deals.” strong environmental quoted Mr. Gwede Mantashe, stations,» «until you tell the African Energy Chamber. Contentions over Malawi elections continue: Eyes on the Constitutional court By James Mwala he Constitutional Democratic Progressive However tippex was used to Court in Malawi’s Party (DPP) Elections correct normal mathematical Tcapital Lilongwe Officer and Bob errors and it was agreed by continues to hear the Chimkango, a rogue monitors from all parties at Presidential elections case elections monitor will the centres for the changes to in which two top opposition testify in court out be made,” he told Aljazeera. party leaders are contesting of the 70 registered Apparently, the use of against the results of the witnesses. tippex is one of the highly presidential poll in May this Initially DPP planned contentions that the year. to parade 243 witnesses opposition have carried in The two, Lazarus Chakwera before presiding judges President Peter Mutharika is facing a stiff challenge their testimonies. of the Malawi Congress Party ordered them to trim from Lazarus Chakwera and Saulos Chilima Photo Mutharika has also claimed (MCP) and Saulos Chilima, the number to 70. Credit AFP. that the demonstrations are former President but took One of MCPs witnesses, MEC director of ICT Muhabi that he remains the legitimate a political conspiracy against part in the poll on a UTM Daud Suleman, told the Chisi to transverse evidence winner of the elections, his regime saying the there ticket want the nullification of court that there were ghost which Suleman presented. something analysts say was a clip that circulated the May 21 2019 presidential users in the MEC system that Chisi had filed an may work towards creating before the elections involving election and an order for a manipulated the figures from application to the court to negate reactions of his party the MCP leader Lazarus rerun. tally centres and logged in in respond to the evidence of supporters should the court Chakwera and Human From mid this year, after wee hours. Suleman when he finishes ruling not go their way. Rights Defenders Coalition the two were named as second However, at the end of his testifying. Mutharika had described Chair Timothy Mtambo and third placed respectively, cross examination, Mbeta The sworn statement as reasonable the use of making a conspiracy to cause the court has been hearing said that Suleman had no signed by Chilima’s lawyer correction fluid Tippex in the lawlessness should the MCP submissions from witnesses evidence to show that were no Chikosa Silungwe had 2019 elections, an election lose the poll. from the parties. ghost users in MEC system. argued that Suleman was on the opposition are contesting. Mutharika won with 1.9 They have both appeared Mbeta accused Suleman, court record since 6 August Asked on how he perceives million votes representing in the witness box for whose presentation focused and that MEC had never the election, Mutharika 38.57%, narrowly ahead of cross examination and re- on MEC’s system by responded to the matters in described the election as Chakwera who got 1.8 million examination. demonstrating how rigging the statement. free and fair arguing the votes representing 35.41%. The parties petitioned was done of bringing to the Silungwe said the lawyers certifications made by the Chilima got just over 1 million President Peter Mutharika court speculations and not for MEC needed to only be United Nations, European votes representing 20.24%. and the Malawi Electoral facts. allowed to cross examine Union and SADC observers Expectations remain high Commission (MEC) over the At the end of his testimony, Suleman instead of Chisi were evidence things went on every Malawian on what final results of the elections, in Suleman had said that traversing evidence of well. the court will finally rule on which Mutharika triumphed. together with his family he Suleman. He was however quick to the matter. At the moment, the court was receiving security threats. The court has however describe the current political There are apparent calls is hearing evidence from The judges then moved to hinted on having the case turmoil and the wave of from various stakeholders Mutharika’s witnesses. The issue a strong warning to concluded by early December. demonstrations as being the including the religious President had only paraded 2 the parties involved in the However, analysts keep work of his political rivals. community for parties witnesses as he confirmed the election petition case and the advising political [parties to “The opposition decided to preach and let their withdrawal of 68 others. public against threatening make their party supporters not to accept the results, it supporters accept whoever Lead counsel for court witnesses. ready for the put come of the is not like it was nor free stance the court is going to Mutharika, Frank Mbeta, After these events, lawyers court. and fair. The results come make on the matter. said only Ben Phiri who for the first petitioner Chilima In several public rallies, from schools where teachers served as Mutharika’s ruling asked the court not to allow Mutharika has kept saying use Tippex to correct error. PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 37 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa AFSIC Investing in Africa “One of the most 5th - 7th May 2020 Park Plaza, Westminster, London important African investment events held globally”

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Associate Sponsors REGISTER NOW WWW.AFSIC.NET 38 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Considerations for School Choice at the K-12 Level By John Nkemnji, Ph.D. t the beginning public schools are in into the new environment. of each school closer proximity to a Some schools have a Ayear, parents and family›s home and history of crimes related guardians enroll their result in a shorter to the use of alcohol, illicit children in a K-12 school: commute time to drugs and firearms. Parents public, private, religious, get to school. Given strive to avoid such school. magnet, chartered, or online the public schools One disadvantage that may school. K-12 schools can are funded by the be associated with public be divided into three levels government, the schools is that not all public (elementary, middle and high financial burden on schools offer specialized school). Children under the parents is minimal. programs. Parents may wish age of 18 are mandated by the The amount of to have their children in state to enroll and complete money that can be STEM programs, bilingual high school or obtain a GED. saved by choosing emersion programs or other Educational institutions in public schools may programs like gifted and the USA fall into two general result in parents talented, special education, categories: private and public. having the ability band, choir, sports, after- Private schools are usually to spend more time school activities, and others. for-profit, and public schools with their children at As discussed, it is not are covered by local, state, home. It is essential the type of school that and federal funds. Regardless to balance the time determines/dictates better of the type of school, each spent at work with outcomes. All things being state provides regulations time spent with your equal, there is no significant and standards that must child/children at achievement discrepancy for be followed. This paper home. Assistance at students in private schools examines why some parents home with school over those who attend public prefer to enroll their children related activities schools. Rather, low student- in private institutions like reading and teacher ratios, available Prof John Nkemnji. (which are typically costly) writing and quality school resources, parental over neighborhood public over public schools pertain to bullying. The ideal class size time with parents and family support/involvement, schools (which are relatively school building maintenance, for the primary to high school eliminates the hefty school socioeconomic/racial inexpensive). specialized instructional age population is 20 students expenditure in private background, and school It is often assumed that support staff, low student- or less. schools. Children’s academic environments that cater to attending private schools teacher class size ratio, and Most immigrant parents results are determined by the needs of the students leads to better outcomes religious affiliations. The (especially from developing the expectations set by are the determining factors in comparison to receiving higher cost of tuition that countries) do everything themselves, their parents, that impact a student›s public school education. comes with private schools in their power to give their and the schools. Children performance in school. However, research/ also entails well-maintained children a good education have a better opportunity to Schools not only prepare available information does buildings and specialized in the USA, in an attempt achieve their goals if parents students academically, but not support this claim. instructional support staff to narrow the achievement are active participants in their the content they learn and Since state assessments are (e.g. guidance counselors, gap. Some parents fear that lives, school assignments, how they learn help prepare used to measure academic social workers, school if their children do not go to and their welfare. them for life. attainment and growth psychologists, school nurses, or succeed in college it may be Additionally, the Proper afterschool in student proficiency, language and technology because of a poor educational student demographics in a followup of homework and the curriculum of private experts). If a classroom has a foundation. They place a high neighborhood school will social activities should be schools and public schools high student-teacher ratio, it value on good education and reflect the demographics provided by parents and are the same. Therefore, any results in students receiving do not want to take chances. that students are exposed adults whether the children differences in outcomes stem less personal attention from The advantages of enrolling to within their community. attend public schools or from other variables and not teachers. Large class sizes children in public schools are This lessens the chance of private schools. Children curriculum. may also present discipline location, cost, and keeping being put in an unfamiliar should be monitored and Some reasons why parents problems and make it difficult children in a familiar environment and potentially not allowed to use electronic may prefer private schools to control problems like environment. Neighborhood having difficulty integrating toys, tablets, or computers

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PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 39 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa endlessly. These tools cannot location, and safety, play a substitute parental or adult role in school choice. Most supervision. The extra time schools are accredited and spent at work (sometimes held accountable by the on two jobs) to raise funds accrediting agency (private or to support an expensive public) for effective learning. private education could be This paper does not extend its more useful if such time conclusions to school choice and effort were spent with issues beyond the K-12 cycle the children on after-school (college education issues). educational tasks. It is only School choice for a college for very specialized academic career requires a different programs that an expensive type of analysis, especially school choice makes sense. given the fact that financial Such a choice will ensure disparity is not usually much. that the school embodies *John Nkemnji is Professor a culturally responsive, Emeritus, Educational inclusive, sound physical, Technology. He has family emotional, and social safety of both in public and private the students. Demographics, K-12 schools. class size, teacher preparation, discipline and South Sudan Launches 100 MW Power Plant To Light Up Capital For First Time By Deng Machol

uba - South Sudan has “Today marks the launched a newly built beginning of new era, no more J100-megawatts (MW) wars – time for development power plant that will supply and service delivery [has electricity to Juba’s residents come] and in this context, for the first time in history. I urge our development The power plant built by partners and other members Ezra Company Limited since of the private sector to join us November 2017, will help in this journey,” said Kiir. the world›s youngest nation President Kiir said that the to embark on post-conflict government – owned power recovery after more than five facilities were ruined in the years of conflict. wake of the outbreak of the South Sudan split away December 2013 conflict, it from Sudan in 2011 after closed due to operational decades of scorched – earth costs, which also devastated conflict but the country’s the economy after halting Ezra Juba power plant, Nov 21, 2019 Photo Deng Machol.PAV. descended into another oil production leading to civil war in late 2013 after 33 MW out of 100 MW is and life very hard. project will help to put an hyperinflation. president Kiir sacked his working now. The value cost The power plant and power end to the power crisis and «During the 2013 crisis, deputy Riek Machar. of the Ezra power plant is system distribution were pollution. the government-owned Ezra Juba power project has over $200 million and each commissioned by president “This project marks a power stations were all shut four phases of electrification phase will be launched yearly. Salva Kiir on Thursday, major milestone in the nation down due to operational that will supply 100 MW to The project is a first of November 21, 2019. – more importantly, it is challenges. The government thirty thousand households its kind since the country’s Speaking at commissioning hope for us as the people that took tangible steps to in Juba. The power plant is independence. The country’s event, President Kiir says our dreams will not remain address the dire situation located at Kondokoro village population was relying on over 70 percent of population just dreams but will become and decided to involve the of Mangala county, outskirt generators and the usage were using independent realities. This project will African Development Bank of Juba capital. of the fuel was high and diesel generators to run spur development across all (AfDB) and the private sector Phase one, which has unstable, making businesses their businesses but with the sectors. in efforts not only to revive 40 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

the sector but also to achieve the Juba power distribution stability,» said Kiir. system and re-facilitation Electricity is regarded expansion project to the tune as one of the most serious of $38 million dollar. It is this business constraints. “This platform that the hydro power is a problem that this will plant is using to distribute the eliminate. It will also eradicate energy generated,” said the the pollution that comes with country director. large scale use of the diesel in It is the first energy project our environment.” that the African Development “I assure that the Bank has financed since its government is focused on establishment in the country. exploiting and developing Meanwhile, Ezra our hydro-electric and Construction Group said it renewable energy resources. is investing $289 million in With funding from the AfDB, the plant to provide 100 MW we aim to generate 10-40 once it is completed. MW of renewable energy. «Ezra group is willing to The government also plans South Sudan president Kiir inspects a newly Ezra Juba power plant. Photo invest in this project without Deng Machol. PAV. to invest 1,080 MW grand any guarantee. This first Fula hydropower project and hydro-electric potential, for neighboring community, of this electricity plant today phase is going to supply to generate and distribute but ninety-nine percent of its building the private will improve the security electricity to about 50,000 to power across various states in population have no access to primary school for the environment within Juba 70,000 households in Juba,» South Sudan,» said Kiir. electricity. neighboring community, city, especially in facilitating Meron Ezra Ghebrengu, Kiir also said the Dhieu Mathok Diing, offer scholarship for children the work of security organs in the company’s Managing government is making Minister of Energy and of neighbouring community surveillance and accessibility Director told reporters on tangible pro-investor polices Dams, lauded Ezra Company to the universities; to to all areas that will be Thursday. to make South Sudan and Chinese firm PowerChina rehabilitation of access roads within the network, streets Ezra said his company has attractive to investors and which has also completed in the areas and provision of lightening coverage.” employed about 300 South welcome investment in this major work on the Juba tractors for agriculture by the This project will enhance Sudanese engineers sector from across the world, Power Distribution System community, construction of the investment opportunities Electricity in South Sudan and to build stable national and Rehabilitation Expansion five-houses for community’s and benefit our citizens in has been a major challenge power. Project funded by AfDB. leaders,” said Dhieu, adding terms of employment and since its independence South Sudan plans Minister Dhieu said the that the implementation has improve the livelihood of our eight years ago, with most to connect power from other phases from a joint started. people in the areas. residents, businesses and Uganda›s 400 MW Karuma venture power plant will be He said his ministry The project was funded by government offices operating dam by 2023 to connect its commissioned soon as per is working very hard to African Development Bank on personal generators. border towns. the plans and demands of construct hydro-electric and for $38 million and will be South Sudan has one of Juba also plans to source Juba/this project started dam to provide electricity to privately managed by Ezra the lowest electricity access power from its northern in November 2017, and it the local populations. independent construction with over 90 percent of its neighbor Sudan to supply the has been implemented in At the same event, Jubek and development company. 12 million population lacking northern areas of Renk and four stages, the first stage State Governor, Augustine African Development Bank access to electricity. Malakal near the border with with 33 MW as completed Jadalla, said the electricity established its operations The power plant is Sudan. and commissioned by the supply will help in combating in South Sudan in 2012 managed by Ezra power «Plans are underway by the president. insecurity in the capital and following the country’s company, an Asmara – ministry of energy and dams “The other remaining three its outskirts. independence. based company that comes and South Sudan Electricity stages will subsequently “Electricity is one of the Benedict Sorie Kanu, to Southern Sudan in 2003 Corporation (SSEC) to follow according to the plans most important offers that Country Director for AFDB, before the Comprehensive participate in bilateral and demands of Juba city. science has given to mankind, said the bank has so far funded peace agreement, which later interconnection with Sudan This project has brought especially in the modern life thirteen developmental gave birth to the Republic which will provide 220 KV some benefits to the country, of today, one can’t function projects in South Sudan, of South Sudan. Ezra will transmission line from Renk among others are capacity well in the world without and will continue to support operate the power plant to Malakal,» said Kiir. building, employment of the it because it has many South Sudan›s efforts to for about 17 years and then South Sudan is one of the neighbouring community, utilities in our day to day life develop its energy sector. transfer ownership to the richest countries in minerals building the health centers activities. The commissioning “The AFDB is financing government.

Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 41 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Africa's Growth Lies on Competition for Sustainable Economies in the 4th Industrial Revolution. By Nevson Mpofu hile Africa to the millennium from the with the foreign World. There has enjoyed early 60s. Genocides, wars, are fears that foreign markets WEconomic diseases and disasters have can cause monopoly. These Growth for the past 2 decades, reduced expert competency fears can only be cooled it has not seen an increase in totalling death of close to down by implementation of Industrialisation. This is a 500 million, half a billion of appropriate policy framework Report from the European its human resource power in that encompasses gradual Parliament and World Bank. expertise. opening of the market with Africa’s economic growth Corruption has eaten much strong competition laws and has been at high pace over the in total dragging Africa to a policies and consummating past decade. It scored a pulse corruption burden of US$148 enforcement agents. Existing by almost 5% per annum. billion yet it needs US$93 Laws and policy frameworks Several factors spell down on billion for Infrastructural must harmonise liberal the core main reasons why development. Much of its economy for Africans as well. Africa over the past decades budget during times of wars ‘’The importance in my line lop-sided and later dove-tails means has been pooled for of thinking is countries in to poise for economic growth. military spending, stripling Africa move towards middle This tells it had ups and tool to take with the AFCFTA in the 4th Fourth Industrial multi-lateral donors of close in-come economies by 2030. downs, sundry vicissitudes of Commercial activities. Revolution.’’ to US$7 billion annually They can as well achieve the successes and challenges. A Competition pegged at 40% is ‘’The Hi-5 of the African since 1990. This crippled the African Agenda Goals by number of countable reasons projected to increase Business Development BANK are key economy by almost 10% per- 2063. Africa if ever it is in socially, economically and to Business spending in to Africa’s development and annum, the figure bigger than competition, corruption can politically stand as pinnacle.. Manufacturing by US$200 economic growth. They are its expected annual growth. as well slow down because Africa’s GDP [Growth Billion to total $666, 3 billion light up and power Africa, This turns to be extremely countries become poised for Domestic Product] was less by 2030. feed Africa, and Industrialise, horrible. transparent and accountable 2, 3% by 2018, focused to ‘’We already have 10 integrate and improve quality A legal Expert brought up growth.’’ reach 2,8% by 2019 . In-Spite countries among the 100, of life for the people’’. ’Says , born and bred in Kenya Dr Patrice Lumumba a strong of its fortunes around from 2018 Global Competitiveness Adesina . Otiende Amollo amass views Pan-Africanist shares and the past up to this decade, Index. These are South From the political and sharp perspectives on echoes similar to close several factors have been Africa, Seychelles, Morocco, perspective. Respondents this subject of a competitive statements. He points out cited why it has not seen Tunisia, Botswana, Algeria, Otiende Amollo , Patrice African continent in need that Africa needs to bury Industrialisation. Global Kenya, Egypt and Namibia. Lumumba and Julius of bountiful well managed colonial mentality, unite for Experts in Macro-Economic There is large supply market, Malema . resources. During his visit to economic growth and human Growth and Development yell free movement of people, Africa’s colonial legacy is Harare this year speaking on development. Secondly, absence of competition in the manufacturing specialisation a labyrinth bag of colonial corruption, the Pan-African- Africa needs to move out of African perspectives. and no restrictions to achieve challenges accompanied by Visions posed questions in the path of continuous Donor From the General African Agenda 2063 ‘’ civil wars, post aftermath of line with the importance of Syndrome and dependency Perspective looking at the Akinwumi Adesinad added colonial wars, civil strife, dis- competitive markets in the all the times. African Continental Free that the 4th Industrialisation obedience of political factions absence of grant corruption. ‘’Africa still dines and Trade Area. ------Albert Revolution is achieved and civilian displacements ‘’Yes there is need for wines with Western powers Muchanga AU Commissioner through focus of special leading to poverty and stamping out corruption who sponsor bad practices for Trade and Industry, attention on three areas in vulnerability. It gained first if ever we are to rely on done by bad people who turn Akinwumi Adesina – African the Region. maginalisation from sins competition in order to come against those developing Development Bank President. ‘’The focus must be of its erstwhile colonisers, out with economic growth . the continent. This is the African Continental Free on Agriculture for food greedy dictators, corruption Corruption at the moment most challenging and Trade Area has come at security and food industries and mal-administration and remains a thorny burden but daunting obstacle we have an opportune time Africa growth, job creation, miss-management. once it is out we could realise in the continent. There are is urged to tighten its poverty alleviation and Much has been put to growth of African economies. antagonistic forces pulling stockings and get into full economic growth and destruction through un- ‘’Many barriers restricting down what is pushed forward. business competition. Albert development. Agricultural repentant wars, taking of the Investor confidence need There we get lost forever in Muchanga the Commissioner Industrialisation, Mining continent out of the Global to be removed. At the same darkness. for Trade and Industry sees a and Manufacturing Industry Marketing mix. Wars have time there is need to fully Julius Malema during his strong vision by July 2020. and Tourism stands no doubt devoured total sums close empower and indigenise visit to pay respect to the late ‘’ Competition is a sure sectors of focus for Africa to US$50 billion close up capable Africans to compete Robert Mugabe pointed out 42 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs that Africa needs a bevy and the helm. bunch of new Pan-Africanists Competition increase who take over from what has in Sub-Saharan Africa has been left by Robert Mugabe. been viewed as very low. He further notes that Africa International Monetary Fund can grow by almost more Country Representative for than 8% per annum if Black Zimbabwe Patrick Imman people are empowered, put in an interview with the to equality with the Whites Pan-African-Visions said and as well indigenised for competition in the Region has Black economic growth and been very low over the past development. decades because countries ‘’Growth in Africa is have low capacitated impossible if there are no manufacturing industries. AU Trade Commissioner Albert Muchanga wants things to change for the black people empowered. Imman gave a good example continent. Take note of my first of food manufacturing firms point. How is that possible which he said because of they have competition time. situation. Professor Ncube when they lack skills, failure to create competition policies for open up lucrative ‘’An increase in 1% point asked how Zimbabwe can entrepreneurial education prices of food increases. This business. Corporate Market is possibly significant. It is improve competition in and basic resources, lack he said is the main reason Power, he points out opens driven by an improvement its Markets to enhance of finance and projects that why prices of food and drugs more business for foreign in productivity and export growth. He reiterates that make them get out of poverty? become high. based firms at the expense of competitiveness. Lack of while competition policy is There is no competition where ‘’There is need to firms in Sub-Africa. competition has effects on important in the medium in which in the continent increase competition in Imman clearly points out welfare .Analysis shows that to long term, development Whites, Chinese and other the Sub-Saharan region’s on the analysis of firm level price levels for most goods is derived for the future foreign races dominates at manufacturing sector in data which he says indicates and services including food, generations. In the short the expense of the Blacks. food and drugs. The increase on corporate market power clothing and health services term some policies can ‘’For this to succeed, reduces prices of foods .He says this reflects the are significantly higher be important if well Africa needs economically and drugs. Once the prices wedge between prices and than 20% in Sub-Saharan implemented. Yes, we can empowered, socially and increase there is inflation. costs as higher in the region. Africa than those of some come up with policies but politically empowered new The fact that competition In some parts of the World, other countries. Increasing the challenge is how to Pan-Africanists of new is low foreign monopoly evidence is clear mark-ups completion therefore reduces implement them .Sometimes economically developed becomes high. This monopoly have been increasing in prices of basic commodities they hit a snag, this in the minds geared for new Africa. becomes foreign based recent years. The decline in the region. long run fails to stimulate Once the competition is of industrial monopoly. in competition has grown ‘’Africa needs a holistic economic growth. less or no inclusivity , it means ‘’ This is the main reason higher in recent years even approach which should ‘’There are some policies we are still a dumping ground why food and Health services in some developed countries encompass a well-defined and which can be important to because all / everything goes are far un-affordable in many because those countries executed competition policy stimulate growth to long back to those who have been countries. This in the long run of which they deal with in framework. This should term but the challenge owning our wealth .’’ exposes people to extreme developing World have failed include complementary trade would be failure to grapple From the Economic poverty, vulnerability. Our to create long term results and investment liberalisation with global standards , Perspective … Patrick Imman research indicates that competition.----- and reforms to foster competition velocity and of IMF, Kitabire AfDBank , product market competition ‘’African Development productive private sector strategic management . Some Muthuli Ncube , Zimbabwe in Sub-Saharan Africa is really Bank Country Representative activities. The other core policies are of medium term Finance Minister ……. low .Median Data shows that in Zimbabwe Kitabire took problem Africa faces is that and some we need as well IMF has come out more than 70% percent of over from what Imman . He foreign entrants in Business are short term. We need to with a study analysing the countries in the Region are pointed out on what stands comprising of Investors are succeed in implementing importance of competition below World Median in terms as effects to communities in taking much space than them at home before we get for growth. The regional of competition indicators ‘’ the region . The Empirical Africans themselves. Local into competition. economic out-look. It states Imman goes further to Analysis suggests that, an companies become and ’Currently the country that level of competition state that large firms owned increase in competition to remain in their ‘infancy ‘’ . needs economic stability among firms impacts on by Foreign Whites from the top quarter of the Global This is the danger still ahead before getting into foreign economic growth. IMF Europe, USA and Asia still distribution can increase with Africa . competition. The moment you Resident Representative have growing interest to the annual rate of growth of Zimbabwe’s Minister get into foreign competition notes that developed monopolise the African real per capita GDP BY 1% of Finance and Economic yet not stable. it means you economies made it through Market because they are point. Kitabire points out Development Muthuli are likely to get conquered by supporting competition in well financially resources. that this could be possible, Ncube sheds more views on by those whom you compete firms so that they remain at Secondly it is the fact that economically significant over the Zimbabwean economic with . We need to address PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 43 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

‘’We are on the move as Africa free of all the there- a country to re-engage the on challenges experienced International community. It at the moment. The Goal is true then we have to fast- is poverty eradication, no track on political reforms. hunger , HIV free generation Besides looking at economic and a stable sustainable in-stability, we are on the developed communities move and track to reform .The Fourth 4th Industrial and privatise in-efficient Revolution is a World state owned enterprises. This with competitive markets is where we start with long to create jobs , improve Textile Industry in Nigeria. terms competition success.’’ sustainable lively-hood policies back home but we challenges of containing fiscal fuel subsidy. There is Muthuli steps down the projects meant to regenerate are not economically stable. spending consistent with need to strengthen foreign Interview. on Macro-Economies of high We however need to be in non-inflammatory financing. exchange market operations Several Experts note GDP , Growth per capita , competition so that we are Secondly, the need to tighten and improve transparency that Africa needs lucrative National Domestic Product able to economically adapt to monetary policy to stabilise on monetary statistics. The competitors with the vision and Empowering and the environment of business. exchange rate and start re- path of International Re- for a new economically indigenising Africans who Muthuli highlights on building confidence. We as a Engagement is vital as we developed Africa. The vision have the strength to beat the the need to look at key country we have eliminated move forward as a country. is a move towards seeing competition . Africa's development agency rebrands By Jean-Pierre Afadhali he newly transformed big issue! A lot of loans that Africa’s development we are getting as countries Tagency is expected to are not being based on sound boost the continent’s agenda analysis of investments.” said 2063, the blueprint for Martin Bwalya, the Head of African Union’s development the Comprehensive Africa in a 50-year period amid Agriculture Development increasing public debt, Programme (CAADP) in political, economic challenges AUDA –NEPAD in an that are hindering countries’ interview. “ They are not transformation and regional connecting to systems that integrations. will actually be able to repay The former New Economic in Nairobi, Kenya to tell informing citizens,” added some Africa’s traditional those loans.” Partnership for Africa’s the media, communication Osiemo. development partners are Data from ‘Public Finance Development (NEPAD) experts mainly operating in In July 2019, the executive driven by they own interests. International’, a global has recently rebranded to East African region, about Council of the African Union “First and foremost they publication for finance African Union Development the rebranded agency, what adopted the statute, rules of are interested in their own professionals, show that at Agency –NEPAD (AUDA- is doing to support African’s procedure and structure of the interests. So they do things in the end of December 2017 NEPAD) after it was given a regional integrations and African UNION Development their own way,” noted AUDA- African governments owed new mandate and legal status continental development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) at NEPAD Kenya boss. $66bn (16% of the debt) to that the agency’s leaders projects such infrastructures the 35th Ordinary Session Despite positive changes the World Bank, $18bn (4%) and AU hope will increase and others. of the Executive Council, in that are set to increase the to the IMF and $61bn to its role in Africa’s economic “History once again has Niamey, Niger. role of Africa’s development other multilateral institutions development. Officials from been made in Africa now that Now AUDA–NEPAD has agency, many countries on (15%). AUDA-NEPAD say Africa’s it is having its own first ever a defined mandate and legal the continent are grappling Mr. Bwalya says borrowing transformation’s journey is continental development identity to coordinate and with public debt raising is not a problem but African being slowed by traditional agency,” noted Daniel execute priority regional concerns over their capacity countries lack of proper development partners who Osiemo, the CEO of AUDA- and continental projects, to for repayment. Officials from analysis before they engage are pushing for their own NEPAD Kenya “As a newly promote regional integration AUDA-NEPAD said foreign lenders. “There is lack of interests. transformed entity, it’s towards” the accelerated debts are slowing Africa’s proper investments plans The transformed imperative that we engage realization of Agenda 2063” progress as they are based on against which we borrow, institution has recently held our media stakeholders as among others. unfair lending systems. we actually many times have a brand awareness drive they are our partners in According to Osiemo, “It’s [public debt] a very ended up borrowing money,” 44 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

he explained. include strengthening the For instance Rwanda, Mr. Bwalya further told Pan to be a winner,” Mr. Bwalya By the end of December capacity of African Union a member of East African African Visions that border stated there are some reasons 2017 African governments Member States and regional Community closed its border closing is not new in Africa. that could justify border owed a total of $417bn. Of bodies; advance knowledge- with Uganda earlier this year “Those are things that we restrictions such as diseases, this, $100bn (24%) was owed based advisory support. citing security reasons and have seen! And again, I would conflicts and markets. by African governments to While the rebranded advising its citizens against say that if you go back there The development agency the Chinese government and agency is promoting regional travelling to the neighboring was a lot more of that than will also accompany the $40bn (10%) to the ‘Paris integration, some economic country. Similarly in what we are seeing now,” implementation of Africa’s Club’ governments – an blocks are facing political August, Nigeria banned all However, the AUDA- flagship trade deal- informal group of official and economic challenges movements of goods from NEPAD official warned that Continental Free Trade Area creditors, including 22 that have led the closure Benin, Niger and Cameroon. countries that close borders (AfCFTA) that entered into countries, data from Public of borders, threatening the The West African country will also lose.” When you close force in May. Finance International show. future free movement of said it was curbing the a border like that it’s very AUDA-NEPAD’S role people and goods. smuggling of goods. likely that you are not going Gambia Tourism Industry expects Booming Seasons Ahead; After Record 250,000 Visitors in 2019 By Bakary Ceesay ambia unarguably, disclosed that the Gambian is the closest West Government plans to increase GAfrican tourism the number of arrivals into destination to Europe with the country that will also barely six hours flying time grow in parallel to increase from most European capitals in bed capacity, and efficient thus placing the country at and effective customer an advantageous position to service, projecting that by attracting European tourists’ 2022 the country will for the into its shores. first time become an all year The year 2019 has been tourism destination. He has a turning point for the also promised the building country’s tourism industry of 10 five-star hotels across after more than 250, 000 the country in its efforts to tourists visited the country diversify the sector. during this period. Most of Vengrosser that brought 211 policy level only came about affected the prospect of the The Gambia’s survival in these visiting tourists’ hailed tourists from Scandinavia in 1967, when the government sector witnessing slight the tourism business also from European Countries in 1965, the tourism sector of Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara improvement for most part has to do greatly with various mainly from the UK, has since taken a different thought of diversifying the of the 22 years rule of former attraction sites, the hospitable Germany, Holland, Norway, dimension .Harding country’s economy that President Yahya Jammeh nature of the people, rich Sweden, Denmark, Austria, discovered the hidden only survived on agriculture that was largely characterized cultures and traditions, Spain and Portugal. treasures of Gambia’s tourism and grants from its British by various forms of human varieties of bird species, After agriculture, tourism when he accompanied a group Colonial Masters and other rights abuses. affordable accommodations, is the main contributor of of tourists from Northern friendly nations. In 2017, with the reign of and related tourists services Gambia’s GDP, contributing Senegal to Southern Senegal Since then the growth a new dispensation in Banjul that it has to offer. close to 30% to the economy. in 1964. of The Gambia’s tourism headed by President Adama Today there are more The sector continues to grow In 1965, Berthil Hardings industry has been anchoring Barrow, the country has than thirty five (35) hotels from two hotels in 1995 to 35 felt the need to tailor a mainly on the relative peace picked up its growth in the that are dotted along the hotels in 2019, creating over package tour to the country, and security the country sector hitting a record 200, 40kilometers coastline of 200, 000 jobs directly and this has opened the ways for enjoys until 1994, when the 000 tourists in 2017, that has the country that continues indirectly for the teeming the development of tourism country experience military since increased to 250, 000 to provide tourists with the youthful population availing in the Gambia at a time when coup led by then Army tourists in 2018/19 tourists’ needed dwelling during their opportunities to both the the country has not put in Lieutenant Yahya Jammeh season as indicated by the stay. Among these are various skilled, semi-skilled or the place any national tourism with group of soldiers Gambia Tourism Board classes of hotels that includes unskilled populace. policy or even considered the resulting to the issuance of (GTBoard). five, four, three and two star Pioneered by Berthil idea of conceiving tourism British Travel Advice. The The current Minister hotels all readily available. Hardings and his Swedish business. British Travel Advise issued in of Tourism and Culture Most of these hotels provides Tour Operating Company The idea of tourism at the September of 1995 adversely (MoTC), Hamat N.K Bah has food and beverage services PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 45 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa to the teeming number of There are a number of ground customers that stay with handlers and tourists taxis them. that ease the transportation These growth in the number of tourists within the country of hotels and attractions has and key among them is also translated into number Gambia Tours, West African of visitors visiting the country Tours, Tilly’s Tours, Alkamba from about 200, 000 in Tours as well as tourists taxis 2017 to 250, 000 in 2019 dotted around Senegambia according to tourism officials stripe, Kombo Beach, Palma with high prospective for Rima, Cape Point among growth and development that other sites. is also characterized with the The ground handling building of new hotels in the This new form of tourism Atlantic Slave Trade as and Restaurants, Paradiso companies provide tailor- country. is cognizant of the protection well as the Freedom Tree Bar and Pizzaria, Big Apple made trips for tourists who Senegambia Beach Hotel, of the Fauna and Flora of the that provide sanctuary to Lounge among others. These want to embark on visits to Kairaba Beach Hotel, Ocean country, the Environment slaves who escapes capture. restaurants, Bar and Lounges attraction sites and tourists Bay Hotel, Coco Ocean Resort as well as the local people, The town also housed the continues to provide the best facilities within the country Hotel, Coral Beach Resort it continues to provide job Methodist Church, the of food and beverage services and whereas tourists’ choses are among the renown five opportunities for local people longest serving Church in the to the tourists’ who visits the to taste a different experiences star hotels in the country. thus minimizing rural urban sub-regions that continues country irrespective of which the official tourists taxis chips Other hotels that provides drift that is badly hitting the to attract religious tourists, country comes from. in to provide the transport distinguish customer services country. researchers, students and Most of these restaurants services they desires. to tourists includes the Nonetheless, Gambia’s independent travelers. have been fine tuning There are many GSM Kombo Beach Hotel, Badala morphology and landscape Today the community’s the capacity, efficiency Companies in the country Park Hotel, Kololi Beach offers a lot of attraction sites tourism is on the rise due and effectiveness of their that also continue to improve Club, Sunswing Hotel, Palma throughout the country that largely to the intervention of staff in terms of customer in their services as far as Rima Hotel, Djembe Beach tourists continue to enjoy The Gambia Tourism Board services and the quality tourism is concerned, they Hotel, Tamala Beach Hotel through various visits they (GTBoard), boasting of new of products dashed to the provide roaming services among host others that made to these sites. The restaurants, accommodations customers. Thanks to these and various means of continue to cater tourists with Kachically Crocodile Pond and Safari tours to the improvements witness in the communication to tourists’ distinct accommodation in in Bakau, Abuko Nature teeming visitors who frequent restaurant industry, today visiting the country among making their stay worthwhile. Reserve, Banjulinding the provincial areas. GTBoard customers coming from which you have Gamcel, Indeed, other forms of Women’s Garden, Wassu recently trained tourists’ diverse countries can easily Africell, Qcell and Comium accommodations such as and Kerr Batch Stone Circles, guides to make live easy for have access to their choices whose offices can be found at motels, lodges, Inns, Guest Janjanbureh and Dingiri the number of visitors who of food and beverages they the Airport Terminal building houses are also available in Stone Circle. visit Janjanjureh and other prefers to eat or drink during and other entry points of the the country as well around the Janjanbureh which is the tourists’ attraction sites their holidays. country. Tourism Development Area Regional Headquarters of within the region and by far Notwithstanding the With the coming of more (TDA), and with the recent the Central River Region the provincial areas. growth and development of Banks in the country, this intervention of the Tourism of the Country and about Significant progress has tourism cannot be measured means most of the financial Authorities most of these 270 kilometers away from also been registered in the successful without the difficulties that used to be accommodations are now Banjul continues to attract restaurant industry with new provision of transportation, experienced by tourists in proving the needed services hundreds of tourists each and upgraded restaurants communication and other the country have melted that tourists looks for. year irrespective of the coming on the fray that related services. These sectors down. Today most of these The coming of eco-tourism distant in travel. It harbors includes but not limited to also continue to witness banks continue to provide sites and accommodations the Slave house and provide Gaya Arts Café, Clay Oven, impressive developments in all kinds of financial services is also making a mark in the a rich history of the Trans- Butchers Shops, Reos Bar terms of quality and services. including ATM to the teeming development of tourism in the customers visiting the country, proving new lease country thus meeting their for tourists coming to the financial obligation while country and notable among they stay in the country. the eco-tourism sites is the However, Gambia’s Makasutu Cultural Camp in tourism is expected to register Brikama, the Sandele Eco- more successes as officials are tourism Camp in Kartong, not relenting in the fight to Nemban Eco-Lodge, Tumani defeat the negative vices that Tenda Eco-Lodge as well as characterizes tourism all over Kaurien Eco-Lodge in Kaur. the world. 46 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 47 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa The 4th Industrial Revolution and Knowledge Based Economies Take Centre Stage In Africa ARIPO Region. By Nevson Mpofu

orld Intellectual supported Indigenisation Property in the continent a move WOrganisation meant to increase Business [WIPO], African Regional competitiveness, Industrial Intellectual Property growth for more jobs Organisation [ARIPO] and opportunities and increase in African Intellectual Property Gross Domestic Product. Organisation [OAPI] have Kunihiko Shimano , Deputy joined un-tide hands of Director , Japan Patent Office scientific hope for Africa of , Tokyo Japan appreciates the 4th Industrial Revolution. their country in promoting IP The Age we live in, its and Innovation in Africa . He generations, Infrastructure points out on the advantages and Development demands so far reaped by young Knowledge Based Economies. Africans, Small To Medium ARIPO Conference held in Zimbabwean Minister of Higher and Tertiary Education Professor Amon Enterprises and Businesses. Murwira. Harare from 6 to 8 November He further digs into areas the carried a notion in line with needs of African countries. Zimbabwe’s Minister enhancement. This is in continent must take focus on creation and development ‘’Practical ways must be of Higher and Tertiary line with Professional skills so that it can move forward. of scientific minds meant to instituted in-order to use IP Education Professor Amon training which links with ‘’Innovation and the consummate with modern System, to foster Innovation Murwira expounds on the link United Nations Sustainable Policies to support it , Global standards. and cultural production between IP and Development. Development Goals like Goal including in the field of The Conference received to put the continent as a He explores in depth on the Number 9 .This recognises Intellectual Property , full support from the Japan whole on a more sustainable Global Knowledge economy, the role of Innovation are essential to achieving Patent Office and the footing. Innovation for Innovation, creativity and IP. in Economic Growth so Sustainable Economic growth Government of Zimbabwe. economic growth is the way to ‘’The Four are by far vital as to drive Sustainable in Africa .’’ Francis Gurry , WIPO go in an era of Modernisation in developing a new World. Development. Innovation and ‘’Africa has much potential Director pointed out on and Globalisation. Modern It is now advisable to bring value addition, experts at this in terms of socio-economic the opportunity Africa has knowledge must wrestle Africa in between the lines conference noted, this pushes development looking at all to exchange information traditional methods of of economic development so for Business competition. angles. Once these work well and experiences on how the economic growth. May be we that countries like Zimbabwe ARIPO supports Post- in the continent without continent can use Intellectual are, we are dragging behind can move further on with Graduate Degree programs any forces of antagonism, Property System . This is done somewhere, somehow. the zeal to create, weave and in IP in Zimbabwe at Africa the continent is expected to enable an environment for Let us follow the forging join together ideas meant to University in Mutare , to reap an output of 3,5% socio-economic, scientific and ahead times’’, Gurry takes a develop it. Kwame Nkrumah University economic growth per technological development. snapping note. ‘’University – Industry , Kumasi in Ghana and at the annum . This quite possible ‘’ This is time for Africa In recent years countries Linkages and benefits that University of Dare-Salaam taking into consideration to create an enabling in Africa have achieved could flow from adoption of in Tanzania . The degree Africa’s resources , experts environment for socio- among the fastest and IP Policies can be important programs have helped young , educational attainment economic, scientific and sustained rates of economic in the whole push to attain academic people to move and the growing population technological development. growth in the World. There economic growth and on with their Education to advancing technological It is also time to exchange is an interestingly expanding sustainable Development. higher levels of Education. education in IPs . information and experiences population that is future Such Policies could improve The kind of Education has In Promoting Innovation on how the continent can use workforce. It is estimated the relevance of Qualitative pushed young academics in Africa ARIPO administers Intellectual Property System. by 2050 more than 60% of Research programs to in Africa to become four protocols covering ‘’There is a strategic the African workforce will local needs. This enables Professionals outside their Patents , Utility Models , agreement among the three be under the age of 25 years. Universities and Research continent in other countries Industrial Designs , marks organisations managing, Expanding technological Institutions to monetise their where they seek better , new varieties of plants Intellectual Property [IP] developments have fuelled the outputs and secure Research paying top jobs .Besides , traditional Knowledge . The agreement will allow command for the continent Funding.’’ , Experts note , Small To and folklore . ARIPO has partners to develop more to leverage the continent’s In 2006 ARIPO IP Medium Enterprises have a mandate to co-ordinate clear, appropriate and wealth of innovation and Academy developed Training grown bigger than how initiatives regarding practical responses to the creative talent. Programs on Awareness they have been . This has copyright and geographical 48 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

indications. ARIPO Member similar programs in Ghana countries span an area of 7 and Tanzania in 2018 and million square kilometres. It 2019 respectively’’. Fernando has a combined population of said. 230 million people and a GDP The Conference yielded of USD 368 billion dollars. constructive and progressive Fernando Dos Santos initiatives resulting to the Director General of ARIPO plenary deliberation on 5 based in Harare, Zimbabwe Key strategies as a road- adds a mouthful that ARIPO map to value addition for Member States pool their Business and Sustainable resources to develop an Development in Africa effective IP System that on Intellectual Property. would support the Region’s ARIPO deliberates on IP economic, social, Scientific , Policies, Legal Framework, technological and industrial Awareness raising and development . ARIPO plays a capacity building, fostering central role in this process by partnerships between facilitating 19 Member States. Universities and Industry. ‘’ On top of administering Kunihiko Shimano, Deputy Commissioner, Japan Patent Office, Tokyo, Japan. Lastly. Innovation and IP the four protocols, we have Incentives and Technology initiatives to improve up- responsible for developing professionals in specialised Programs in Zimbabwe at Development Transfer and take of IP System in Africa and delivering training programs. Africa University , Mutare Commercialisation .In buttress to the above, we programs to enhance general ‘’In line with supporting IP . The program has so far have focal point for training understanding of IP Issues, we launched in 2008 Masters produced 324 graduates from at ARIPO. Our ACADEMY is creating and nurturing In Intellectual Property 26 countries. We launched African Xenophobia: A Diagnosis By James N. Kariuki*

Nigerian Xenophobia masses. South Africa did not invent Remarkably, harsh as it xenophobia in Africa. On was, the Nigeria’s exodus was large scale, that dubious largely free of hateful and tradition was initiated by incriminating xenophobic Nigeria in 1983 when the criminality. Yet, the event Giant of Africa expelled caused horrendous suffering. two million ‘undocumented To this day, the bag that the immigrants’ mostly from ‘illegal immigrants’ used to Ghana. haul away their belongings, That Afro-phobic expulsion the ‘Ghana Must Go’, is was extra-poignant to the permanently etched in the extent that it was official, mind as an indelible reminder undertaken in the name of the of human tragedies in Africa. state. On January 17th1983 President Shehu Shagari’s Nigeria’s Economic neighbors. A faltering economy, South African made a public announcement Cycles Unfortunately for Nigeria a sizeable non-Nigerian Xenophobia that all ‘foreigners without Nigeria’s xenophobia its economy faltered in the presence in the country The demise of apartheid proper papers’ had to depart was prompted by swings early 1980s. A combination of and the approaching 1983 was largely derived from the from Nigeria forthwith or between economic success declining demand for oil due general elections, which were black armed struggle in the face arrests. A quarter of and economic stress. In 1956, to a recession in the West, laced with anti-immigrant quest to make the country a Century later, Nigerian the country struck oil. By and increased oil production undertones, converged ungovernable. But the 1976 nationals in faraway South the 1970s it blossomed to its elsewhere, undercut oil upon Shagari, pushing him Soweto Uprising also inserted Africa would complain golden decade, skyrocketed prices substantially. Due to to the infamous executive its unique input. The unarmed bitterly of being ‘targeted’ in by high worldwide oil prices. the collapsing oil market, the order of 1983. In contrast, children of Soweto stared at brutal xenophobic attacks. Almost suddenly, Nigeria source of Nigeria’s economic South Africa’s xenophobia the apartheid monster in the Had the Nigerian chickens became destination of bonanza, its rise to economic invariably arises ex-officially eye with an unequivocal old come home to roost? choice for citizens of its poor prosperity halted. and from the indigenous American-inspired challenge: PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 49 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

‘give me liberty or give me death.’ After that, obliterating the demonic apartheid became an all black people’s obsession. Even in prison, Nelson Mandela was the anti- apartheid’s uncontested torch-bearer; its ultimate anti-thesis. Yet there were reticent critics who were convinced that, in negotiating apartheid away, Mandela underestimated the primacy of ‘economic kingdom’, especially regarding land. The diehard among these was his wife, Winnie Shattered and battered, victims of xenophobic attacks in South Africa return home in Ngeria. Mandela, whose views were Photo credit CNN. willingly bequeathed to the political firebrand, Julius to racial reconciliation and running corner stores in their Malema and his Economic peace for the motherland Meeting Basic Needs own neighborhoods. Conclusion Freedom Party. In name and and honoring Nkrumah’s Lack of jobs and The tormented ‘locals’ Against this background, inference, Malema’s party popular anti-colonial slogan services for the poor has resent the non-South Africans what binds the Nigerian was remarkably reminiscent of political primacy? consistently bedeviled post- owning retail stores in their and South African versions of Oginga Odinga’s famous Whatever the case, apartheid South Africa since neighborhoods. They are of xenophobia? We need book, Not Yet Uhuru. Mandela did not foresee that xenophobic violence started seen as neither neighbors nor not be flag-waving Marxist Mandela is said to have by 2019, the World Bank to erupt in 2008. And, to comrades; they are intruders. ideologues to realize that been a widely-read prisoner would rank South Africa as the emphasize the point, these They are reachable and economic determinism plays and was probably captured by most unequal society in the Afro-phobic attacks have vulnerable targets in the path a critical role in fuelling Kwame Nkrumah’s famous world. Yet, other than shallow invariably erupted in the poor of least resistance. Venomous xenophobia in Africa. After dictum, “Seek ye the political trappings of power, political neighborhoods. political inciters take all, if you toss a few bones to kingdom first and the rest kingdom had delivered The perpetrators of the advantage of the situation; a bunch of hungry dogs, fights shall be added unto you.” little for his fellow blacks. attacks are mostly the so- the non-South Africans are are inevitable. In negotiating apartheid’s Professor Ali Mazrui would called ‘born frees’, the post- subjected to indiscriminate demise he overestimated the later lament that in the 1994 apartheid generation. They attacks and looting. What * James N. Kariuki is primacy of political kingdom settlement, «…the white man are young and willing to starts off as domestic protests a Kenyan Professor of at the expense of economic said to the Blacks ‘You can earn honest living, but there for jobs and service delivery International Relations kingdom, allowing the latter take the crown and we’ll keep are no jobs to be had; South transform into xenophobic (Emeritus). He comments to remain safely in white the jewels.’” Did Mandela’s Africa’s youth unemployment attacks. The ensuing on public issues in various man’s domain. Was Mandela economic concession become rate is at 31 percent. Yet, the mayhems are officially international publications.He mindset compromised by democratic South Africa’s impoverished ‘born frees’ categorized as criminality; runs the blog Global Africa his inner-most commitment original sin? see foreign intruders owning but nobody is prosecuted.

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50 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs A Change of Mindset the Only Way to Root out Xenophobia for Good in South Africa By Prince Kurupati he ugly face of While inspiration xenophobia showed plays a huge part in any Tits face in South Africa transformation, for there once again this year. While to be real change, the will the number of causalities and to change has to come from the injured was significantly deep inside rather than from lower in comparison to the external actors and factors. last attacks in 2015, this This therefore means that year’s xenophobic attacks individuals themselves have threatened to disrupt to embrace change in their continental peace. hearts wholeheartedly. This The xenophobic attacks is not something that’s easy which took place in August to do. Nonetheless, it has to this year saw South African be done. Inspiration from citizens take to the streets Essentially therefore, what instance a change of mindset, and afrophobic rhetoric does politicians can warm the heart attacking and damaging this teaches us is that violence South Africans need to draw no good both to them or the making it easier for more business premises run by is part and parcel of South inspiration from someone or nation. While they can earn radical changes to come to the foreigners mostly those that Africans’ fabric hence any something. In South Africa’s sympathy and votes in the fore. Governmental programs belong to Nigerians. Just as efforts to root it out have case, politicians are the short term, in the long run, meant at conscientising the is the case with other attacks to aim at a change of the best source of inspiration. they will be exposed for their public on the dangers of that have taken place before, mindset. Their actions and their intolerance while the country xenophobia and afrophobia on their part, South Africans A change of mindset is not words do carry the power to risk isolation as exemplified will also play a part in fuelling supporting the attacks said something that can be done wholesomely change the very by the recent diplomatic rifts. the change of mindset. The their actions were justified as overnight, rather, it’s a long nature of the nation itself. Once politicians acknowledge media and various other foreigners were responsible process that can take many The unfortunate part for that they are doing no good to institutions will also play for killing the future of years. To ensure that future South Africa at the moment their country by promoting some part. Combined, these many young South Africans generations do not witness is that some politicians are xenophobic and afrophobic actions will make it easier by selling them drugs and what we witnessed in August actually responsible for rhetoric, they will be ‘forced’ for an individual to take a recruiting young females in this year, it’s imperative that fuelling xenophobia owing to preach a different type moment to introspect, make prostitution. South Africans start now to to their selfish interests of of gospel, one that unites. important decisions and to The justification given by change their mindset. This retaining power at all costs A change in the actions and change the way that he or she South Africans for the recent article is going to share some by uttering anti-immigrant, words of the politicians will thinks. wave of xenophobic attacks of the steps that are necessary xenophobic and afrophobic subsequently mean that When introspecting, it’s is different from reasons in changing the mindset of a rhetoric. Unfortunate as it their multitudes of followers important that South Africans that they used to justify nation. is, this is something that can will be able to draw positive take responsibility for their past attacks such as lack of Inspiration is a be changed more easily. All inspiration from their leaders current circumstances. The employment opportunities key ingredient to any that’s required is to impart hence fulfilling the first need to look for someone due to the influx of foreigners. transformation. For there to politicians with the wisdom step towards changing the to blame when one is in an This change (in terms of be real transformation in this that promoting xenophobic mindset. unfavourable position should justification) is important be replaced by the desire to in the quest to understand change one’s circumstances the culture and ‘violence’ in in a civil manner. If blame has South Africa. The change tells to be apportioned, it has to be us one thing, that is, violence followed by civil actions only is often seen by South which can come in the form of Africans as a panacea to any voting (voting for change) and problem that they are facing. at times peaceful protests. When faced with economic Only when South Africans vices such as deteriorating undertake this process of a living conditions and change in mindset can there unemployment, they resort be any hope of long lasting to violence. Also, when co-existence between them faced with social vices such and foreigners mostly other as rising crime levels, they Presdent Buhari of Nigeria met with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa African nationals. over the attacks. view violence as the solution. PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 51 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs CHICAGO Inside Africa Thrice weekly to over 54 Destinations in Africa

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of Africa, Ethiopian offers the most convenient schedules to more cities in Africa than any other cwarrwier w. .ethiopianairlines.com www.ethiopianairlines.com 52 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs African Countries Begin To Adopt Global Initiatives To Enhance Transparency In The Management Of The Natural Resources Sector By Wallace Mawire frican countries are resources reserves are in slowly appreciating Africa, but the continent Athe essence of the remains underdeveloped. adopting global standards The INSAF report says that and embracing the Extractive the continent has proven oil, Industries Transparency gas and mineral resources Initiative (EITI) model and its which are expected to benefits along the extractive contribute to public finance sector value chain to the for economic development. general public, according to “This makes EITI an a recently released analysis imperative for resource rich by a local think tank in African countries, with many Zimbabwe. already making significant The Institute for progress in implementing Sustainability Africa the standard,” said Rodney (INSAF), an independent Ndamba, INSAF Executive multi-disciplinary think- Director and Chief Researcher tank and research institute on the initiative. founded in Zimbabwe says On the progress status, that EITI is becoming the up to date, on the adoption Rodney Ndamba, INSAF Executive Director. most widely used instrument of the EITI by African for transparency in managing in some of the countries. and accountability on mining private companies (oil, gas countries, according to the natural resources. It is also reported that revenue and contracts. and mining), industry bodies, INSAF report, it is reported INSAF was commissioned at least 3,5 billion people The think tank report international institutions, that DRC is yet to be assessed by OXFAM-Zimbabwe to in resource rich countries says that AMV has investors and NGOs. against the 2016 standard. On research and document on live below average growth, recommended that EITI African countries Senegal and Nigeria, progress the topic highlighting on the combined with high levels of is included in the term which participated from is reported to be satisfactory. business case for Zimbabwe poverty and corruption. specific actions and includes the beginning include the Countries which are reported to follow other African According to the INSAF EITI as the first country- Democratic Republic of to have made meaningful countries. report, the Africa Mining level action to implement Congo (DRC), Equatorial progress include Burkina According to Rodney Vision (AMV) encourages the short term objective of Guinea, Ghana, Mozambique, Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coas Ndamba, INSAF Executive African countries to promote natural resources Nigeria and Sierra Leone. t,Ethiopia,Ghana,Guinea,Ma Director, illicit financial effectively utilize their governance, manage According to INSAF, only dagascar,Malawi,Mali,Mauri flows in the natural resources natural resources to finance stakeholders engagement Equatorial Guinea is no tania,Mozambique,Niger,Re sector in Africa remain the Sustainable Development throughout the mine life longer a member, but they public of Congo, Seychelles, biggest threat to domestic Goals (SGDs) and ending cycle, improve management have expressed their interest Sierra Leone, Sao Tome and resource mobilization to poverty as espoused by the of transfer payments and in re-joining. It is also Principe, Tanzania, Togo and finance sustainable economic African Union (AU).This mainstream EITI principles reported that by 2014, of the Zambia. development. is reported to be a similar and the Kimberly Process 24 EITI candidate countries, Liberia and Central Africa In 2013, the Africa Capacity position advocated by EITI. Certification Scheme in 14 were mining countries and Republic are reported to have Building Foundation (ACBF) One of the six key tenets national policies, laws and of the 40 companies which been suspended, but a reason reported that managing of the AMV is sound mineral regulations. were supporting EITI,23 is not provided. natural resources especially resources governance EITI was launched were mining companies. On disclosures by African in Africa is very challenging. based on transparency and by the United Kingdom It is further added that the countries, it is reported that In the report compiled by accountability. government in September coverage of EITI has grown a number of the countries INSAF, according to EITI, in In the INSAF report, 2002 at the World Summit on rapidly with 52 countries have been making progress 2018, 24 countries in Africa it is said that the Africa Sustainable Development in globally applying the in disclosing beneficial had joined EITI resulting in Mining Vision urges African Johannesburg, South Africa. standards of which 46% are ownership, a requirement of more revenue being reported countries to adopt and It was formed as a multi- African countries. EITI reporting from 2020. by respective governments implement the EITI as an stakeholder initiative which It is also estimated These include Cameroon, and corruption being lowered instrument for transparency included governments, that 30% of global natural Chad, Ivory Coast, the PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 53 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

DRC, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, revenue from its oil and gas and relevant payments for making revenue collection inter-agency collaboration Mauritania, Nigeria, Sao sector. It is reported that to through a centralized register. more efficient. EITI reporting due to EITI reporting. Tome and Principe and Togo. date, Nigeria EITI (NEITI) Liberia has been publishing is reported to have helped In Zambia, EITI reporting It is reported that countries reports have been informing mining contracts for some much. is reported to have identified like Republic of Congo, Chad, citizens on all the inflows time, it is reported. In Southern Africa, major discrepancies in Ghana, Guinea, DRC, Liberia, and outflows in the sector Guinea is reported to have the DRC government is production figures held Malawi, Senegal and Mali and has been effective in an online contract portal with reported to have committed by different government have been disclosing mining improving transparency and 71 published contracts. In to implement EITI to attract agencies. contracts. accountability in the same Sierra Leone, it is reported FDI and to ensure that Tanzania is reported to “This provides evidence area. that there was an absence of revenues are well managed have faced some challenges in that great progress is being It is reported that Senegal inter-agency coordination and that citizens benefit. The the process of implementing made by African countries to started implementing EITI identified by the EITI process reports from 2007to 2015 EITI. Tanzania EITI (TEITI) enhance transparency in the in 2015 and became the first which was a major challenge are reported to indicate an is now reported to be working extractive sector,” the INSAF African country to make for revenue collection. It is increase in revenues. with the government and report notes. satisfactory progress in reported that the government Mozambique is reported companies to identify the On case studies in West meeting the EITI standards. resolved it by establishing an to have been disclosing best practice when publishing Africa, it is reported that Liberia has been listing the extractive industries revenue contracts for some time. This additional contracts in the Nigeria faced a number of largest mining companies and taskforce to help follow up on is reported to have helped future. challenges in managing its linking them to their licences the opportunities identified improve in tax collection and A Mother Theresa Emerges For Maternity Health in Zimbabwe By Nevson Mpofu arare---- An Apostolic HTraditional Mid- Wife bare handed, with no gloves, no enough water, no suitable clothing for salvaging neo-natal babies born in Harare’s high density of Mbare is doing maternal service wonders. Esther Zinyoro , popularly known as Mbuya Gwena of St Johns Apostolic Church of the Whole World a traditional mid-wife has saved more than 300 lives of neo-natal born babies since the time nurses strike took toll in Zimbabwe . This has occurred at a time nurses were on strike Esther Zinyoro Gwena holds one of the babies she has just delivered in her tiny apartment in the poor suburb of Mbare in Harare, Zimbabwe, Saturday, Nov. 16, 2019. Grandmother Esther Zinyoro Gwena following the Government’s claims to be guided by the holy spirit and has become a local hero, as the country’s economic crisis failure to come up with forces closure of medical facilities, and mothers-to-be seek out untrained birth attendants.(AP Photo/ better inflation beating Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi) salaries. The mid-wife does babies in 10 days up to this in two weeks I delivered 79 they can- not come to my ‘’I started working without not charge even a cent for week. I receive knocks on neo-natal. The past 2 weeks I place because I only have even gloves but now it’s a bit the maternal health services. my door in the middle of have delivered more than 200 two rooms. The problem is better but still I am facing Many expecting pregnant the night. My sympathetic making it close to 300. space in my rooms. Water is the similar problem. There women have consulted her heart makes me do this freely ‘’Sometimes I get invited in disconnected. I am helped by are some people who heard free maternal health services because I know the situation Municipal clinics to deliver some sympathetic men and of me. They sacrifice to buy from all walks of Harare. on ground. It is now my 4th women or a woman who women to fetch water so that gloves, cotton wool and all ‘’ I deliver more than 200 month doing the work. At first nurses fail to help. Sometimes I can do the work well. the necessary facilities. I use 54 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs to do this on the floor but now must take such roles and it’s a little bit better than ever responsibilities seriously before. Still I have challenges because this is all about life because some mothers fail to and care of the new born get anything. baby. ‘’Sadly, mothers with HIV ‘’The role of traditional who fear transmitting the mid-wives comes of age virus are at a disadvantage. again. It means that our I do not know anything tradition and culture is so about HIV. Such mothers are wonderful to go by. Africa disadvantaged in this case. must emulate this Heroine HIV pregnant women testify Esther Zinyoro .’’ before I work for them. This is ‘’Traditionally women used my challenge but I am happy to do the work rather than not even a single woman or clinics and hospitals. This is First Lady Auxillia Mnangagwa greets Ms Esther Zinyoro, popularly known as neo-natal has died during my excellent work at a time in Mbuya Gwena, during her visit to her home in Mbare. Picture John Manzongo. service delivery to them’’. She Zimbabwe the country has no Nehandaradio. said. enough budget for medicines, we ease the burden of health resources for the woman. taken heed to several calls. Role of Traditional Mid- drugs, health facilities, professions, allopathic drugs Among them AFRICARE is I will be working in a full Wives in Africa Comes of Age infrastructure and enough shortage and the little Health working on a plan to get help. house with all the facilities, Again to pay Health Workers. Budgets African countries USAID, DFID and Elizabeth health care equipment and .. Such kind of challenges are get. They get less than 3%. Glacier Paediatric AIDS supplies. This will spread the …Asked to comment everywhere in Africa because Ministries of Health in Africa Foundation have come to whole continent because still Esther Muia UNFPA Country traditionally mid-wives have challenges. This is the rescue. The Government women play this role in Africa Representative commented are everywhere around the against the Abuja Declaration has planned to give a full as a whole.’’ that it shows the role of continent. of 2002 which proposes them house to the woman. Some The Government of Traditional Mid-Wives is a ‘’Let us see traditional to get 15%,’’. Directors from International Zimbabwe has completely story in the African culture mid-wives increasing in the Civil Society working with Organisations still to be failed the Health sector that must not be ignored. African continent. We shall African Health Organisations mentioned out names have with nurses on strike. Many She pointed out as well as United Nations fight to and those looking at general done and given full package Doctors have been fired. that Governments in Africa see this taking place so that issues have vowed to amass of support. Esther Zinyoro in Women expecting to deliver conclusion reveals that there find all doors closed at are sweet deals in the pipe- maternity clinics where all line so far the necessary clinical and ‘’I have come of age in medical facilities are seriously terms of my work coming lacking. Bevy of pregnant from the talent I have. women are being turned away There are sweet promises. from clinics and hospitals Many organisations are now owned by the Government. certain and confident of Private clinics and hospitals importance of our Tradition have become extremely and Culture. They now give and highly expensive this support to traditional mid- causing challenges with wives work, a move meant pregnant expecting mothers. to reduce extreme poverty At the time of going to Press and vulnerability in terms of Government had no solution maternal health. at all. Esther Zinyoro Gwena has become a household name in Zimbabwe. ‘’ The Government has

PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 55 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Billions at Play The Future of African Energy and Doing Deals

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“Billions tells us the answer “Ayuk sees opportunity all “There is no stone left un- lies in the abundant, accessi- around him, and he realizes turned in Mr. Ayuk’s analysis ble and affordable natural gas that appropriate development of Africa and OPEC.” reserves that dot the will solve many of the conti- continent.” nent’s challenges, including MOHAMMAD SANUSI power generation.” BARKINDO JOÃO MARQUES Secretary General, OPEC. Energy analyst and Editor ANN NORMAN General Manager for Sub-Saharan Africa, Pioneer Energy

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56 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs World leaders have no choice but to listen to climate change young activists, BirdLife International official says By Mohammed M.Mupenda limate change has (UNGA) that followed recently become more the climate summit held Cof global concern at the United Nations than before, thanks to an headquarters in New York, introverted 15-year-old the Journalist in me struck Swedish girl, Greta Thunberg, up a conversation with most that came in to speak out, of African conservationists, protested and other youth environmentalists, climate movements across the world change activists, and experts followed the move. in climate change,; they all Very early in the morning, supported the move by the she sat in front of the young activist. headquarters of national According to Ken Mwathe, parliament of Sweden in BirdLife International›s Stockholm armed with a sign Policy and Communications Community members from Kagimbu district, Murwi commune prepare tree that said” school strike for the Coordinator for Africa, the seedlings for protecting hilly landscapes against climate change in Burundi. climate “ ABN (BirdLife International Partner in Burundi) is working with communities Fossil fuel is old school, it This lonely strike was the and local leadership to improve people›s resilience against climate change belongs to the dead past beginning of the protest for [Photo: ABN, BirdLife International partner in Burundi] adding that renewable energy a good cause and its message last September, it would have that the earth’s resources are can in their capacity. But This that does not negatively should make us all reflect. cost about 40,000 Euro to endless. But all we have to action lasts for a week or more impact biodiversity is the Now a 16-year-old teenager make the trip. do is just watch the videos of and makes headlines, after future and argued that rubs shoulder with the I applaud this girl garbage in the sea to realise life goes on and everything coal-based energy must be world’s leaders such as Angel myself, because her right how marine species die from becomes history. decommissioned. At the same Markel, Pope Francis, Barack is grounded in the reality our irresponsibility As supposedly rational time, renewables such as wind Obama, as well as with of climate change and the Whenever floods come and and civilised beings, we energy must be deployed public figures such as Arnold destruction of this planet wash away houses, crops, take need to start changing our in a manner that does not Schwarzenegger. from pollution. The melting lives of citizens and countless consumption habits and pose a threat to biodiversity During the recent UN glaciers represent a sign that properties in The East African concrete actions should be including migratory birds. climate summit held in New we are destroying the planet countries, the authorities will taken. But behind the struggle York, United States, youths through our consumerism send condolence messages At the 74th United of Greta Thunberg, some protested calling on mostly that gives us the false belief and compensate those they Nations General Assembly doubts have arisen about her world leaders for action credibility. It starts with the against the climate change. fact that, just one week after Greta has become the her lonely strike, her mother visible head of the fight an opera singer in Sweden, against climate change. She published a book that is arrived in New York after being sold today and has two weeks trip aboard of a been translated into several ship with zero C02 emissions languages, the local media to raise awareness about articulated. polluting effect of airplanes. The cover of the book Her journey across the shows Greta herself with her Atlantic lasted 14 days and left poster outside parliament. I no trace of carbon. However can›t judge whether this was that ship is used in yacht mere coincidence or was part races worldwide, has a cost of of an advertising campaign to 5 million euro and according sell her mother’s book. to some people I interacted And this young girl is with while attending the 74th accompanied by the people United General Assembly with power who have a great held at the united nations interest, both political and headquarters in New York economic. PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 57 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa News media with an 23 African countries for opposite editorial line began about 10 years working to dig a little deeper to bring with governments and light to the interests of the communities to find practical people who sponsored this solutions to climate change. young lady and found some It is currently quite disturbing details which implementing many projects led to some quite hard and in East African countries interesting reflections. such as Burundi, Rwanda, The assertion was that Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya what should have been a to identify and indicate the protest for the good humanity vulnerability of communities apparently began a good and design interventions publicity campaign for the Ken Mwathe with an award in recognition for the work of birdlife. that could work. The sale of her mothers’ book as to her. Rather we must be the future generations, the that world leaders will approaches in place include well as an attempt to fatten so critical of those who generations of our children ignore these voices to their maintaining and restoring the bank accounts of the few have used her as a puppet,” and grandchildren, have a detriment. Even in the U.S, healthy ecosystems as they interested in the matter. environmentalists advised. place with good conditions voters are watching and the play a key role in enhancing At this point I don’t want Instead of criticizing to live. next elections are unlikely people›s resilience. This to blame Greta for her good Greta, we must criticize the «World leaders have no to be decided on the basis is supported by effective intentions. I want to continue opportunists who appeared choice but to listen to young of rhetoric, but on climate planning and advocating for believing that her intentions in the midst of her fame. people,». Mwathe pointed action. effective policies to underpin were at least in the beginning, Greta’s message even if out. He however applauded BirdLife International is transformative change, said quite honest. We cannot she is surrendered by less Greta›s push saying that the largest partnership of BirdLife International›s blame this young girl for honest people, should it has demonstrated youth conservation organisations Policy and Communications having been used by others. shame us all and make us power. in the world, covering 113 Coordinator for Africa. “Let us not be so cruel more responsible, so that Mr.Mwathe clarified countries globally including Sports: What a 2019 for Eliud Kipchoge! By Samuel Ouma |@journalist_27 enya is the best environment with the Golden Heart medal is country when it low oxygen. The a presidential award issued Kcomes to producing government has in honour of the individuals talented athletes globally. also been lauded for who sacrificed on behalf of The East African country has offering much support the country. produced notable runners to the athletes. “On this day we celebrate ranging from Kipchoge Keino In the last seventeen those who have built Kenya to now Eliud Kipchoge and years Eliud Kipchoge, with their bravery, their many others. The country a long distance sacrifice and their fidelity; has consistently shown runner, who comes we celebrate and honour exemplary performance in from Nandi, Kenya’s those that go above and Summer Olympics and other Rift Valley has won beyond the call of duty. Today events which has earned her many accolades for we honour the Kenyans respect in the whole world. his country which has called to serve around the Many reasons have emerged earned him the state world, our Kenyans in the why Kenya is topping the list honour. On October diaspora who continue to of the countries in athletics. 20, 2019 when Kenya be our brand ambassadors According to scholars genetic was celebrating her in countries far from their factor has given Kenyans an heroes’ day, Kipchoge home and who continue to upper hand. Their argument was among those who support millions of Kenyans is that majority of athletes hail received the Elder in their homeland,” reiterated A year to remember for Eliud Kipchoge. from Kalenjin community of the Order of the President Kenyatta. whose members have long lean body is a requirement to from mountainous Rift Valley Golden Heart medal issued The award came few days legs, lighter calves, and every prominent runner. which have high altitude and by Kenyan President Uhuru after he became the first man thin ankles which support Geographical factor is help them carry out outdoor Kenyatta. on earth to run a marathon theories stating that light and another reason. They hail activities successfully in an The Elder of the Order of under two hours. On October 58 PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

12, 2019, he set a new record Athletics Federations (IAAF) of 1:59:40 dubbed INEOS crowned Kipchoge the male 1:59 challenge in Austria, athlete of the year at the Vienna. annual World Athletics gala In April this year, the held in Monaco, France on 34-year-old became the first November 23. man to win London Marathon He trounced the World four times recording 1 hour 2 10,000m champion Joshua minutes and 37 seconds. He Cheptegei of Uganda , world finished ahead of Ethiopia›s 400m hurdles champion Mosinet Geremew and Mule Karsten Warholm of Norway, Wasihun finished second and World 200m champion Noah third respectively. Lyles and World Paul Vault President Uhuru in a congratulatory handshake with Eliud Kipchoge after he In recognition for his 2019 champion Sam Kendricks was awarded the Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart Award.Photo credit achievements in the field, the both of USA. Kenyan Presidency. International Association of Key Political Events to Watch Out in 2020 By Prince Kurupati 019 was a year full of for his outstanding work in events on the political unifying the Ethiopian nation 2front in Africa. Several and also in working towards countries conducted general the ending of hostilities that elections among them existed between Ethiopia Nigeria, Senegal, Malawi, and Eritrea. In Algeria, since Mozambique, Botswana and the early months of the year, Namibia. In South Africa, protests have been raging on a new wave of xenophobic which have resulted in the and afrophobic attacks country’s general elections emerged which threatened being postponed several to disrupt the harmony times. that exists between South Just as 2019 was full of Africa and other African events, 2020 also promises states chiefly Zambia and to bring much of the same. Nigeria. In Sudan, long- In this article, we are going Addressing multitudes of South Sudan in 2017 but the nation.” time leader Omar Al Bashir to share with you the key people during the Angelus trip failed to materialize due The Pope’s planned visit was overthrown thanks to political events that are likely prayer in St Peter’s Square to political instability and comes at a time when the massive nationwide protests. to shape Africa’s political in Rome, Pope Francis said poor security at the time. tensions between President In Ethiopia, Prime Minister front come 2020. that he is planning to visit Though the situation has not Salva Kiir and Rick Machaar Abiy Ahmed scooped the 1.Pope’s Visit to South South Sudan in 2020. Pope drastically improved since, are escalating. Kiir and Nobel Peace Prize Award Sudan Francis had planned to visit it looks likely that this time Machaar’s differences divide around, the Pope will finally the nation along ethnic lines pay a visit to Africa’s newest and to date, its reported nation. that the tensions between In his own words, the Pontiff these men has resulted in an said, “the South Sudanese incessant conflict amongst people have suffered too their supporters which to much in recent years and look date has claimed the lives of forward with great hope to a nearly 400 000 people while better future, especially the millions are believed to have definitive end of conflicts and flown from their homes and lasting peace. I, therefore, others pushed to the brink of urge those responsible to starvation. The Pope’s visit continue, tirelessly, with their can, therefore, pacify the commitment to an inclusive existing tensions between the dialogue in the search for two men, something which After kissing the feet of political leaders, a Papal visit to South Sudan maybe consensus for the good of the South Sudan definitely needs in the works. PAV - DEC 2019 - MAG 1219 Vol 2 59 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa at this point in time. located in Darfur. 2.Proposed withdrawal UNAMID peacekeepers of UN peacekeepers in are stationed in Darfur Sudan as a way of maintaining Sudan is pushing for and also preventing the the withdrawal of UN escalation of hostilities peacekeepers stationed in the between ethnic Africans country by June 2020. The and the Arab dominated Sudanese’s UN Ambassador Sudanese government. The Omer Mohammed Siddig hostilities between these two during an address to the started back in 2003 when council said that it was the ethnic Africans rebelled high time the UN shifted accusing the Arab dominated from peacekeeping to Sudanese government of peacebuilding in the country. discrimination. The inclusion Omer’s remarks came after of some ethnic Africans since Prime Minister will face the electorate in Ethiopia. the successful ouster of Omer then and also in the current Al Bashir. The peacekeeping Transitional Authority While the UN has shown should work wholeheartedly Abiy and the TPLF are going mission in Sudan known as according to the current reluctance of withdrawing the by building public trust.” to iron out their differences UNAMID has almost 5,600 administration means there peacekeepers, it has however In building up to the will determine to a large Blue Helmets (UN troops) is no more need for UNAMID. muted reducing the force size general election, PM Abiy extent the performance of from 5,600 to 4,050. If the said that he wants to merge the coalition in the upcoming UN does manage to reduce the fractious ruling coalition elections. the force size, then this will be which has been running 4. Ivory Coast Elections testament that some progress the country since 1991 into Ivory Coast will conduct its towards achieving peace a single party. PM Abiy’s presidential election in 2020. in Sudan is being realized. suggestion has however While the situation in the This is not only good for the been quashed by one of the country has generally been country itself but for the coalition’s four ethnic-based calm, there are still doubts whole of Africa. parties, the Tigrayan People’s that the country has attained 3.2020 Ethiopian Liberation Front (TPLF). lasting peace. The upcoming Election The TPLF in the past was the election will, therefore, Ethiopia is set to hold its main force in the coalition show if truly the country has general election by May next but its power and influence attained lasting peace or if year. The Prime Minister Abiy have significantly diminished the existing calmness is just Ahmed said plans are already since PM Abiy’s ascension an illusion. The acquittal of underway to have the polls to power. With PM Abiy former President Laurent by May as any delays may running as the coalition’s Gbagbo by the International result in political violence as candidate, the TPLF worries Criminal Court has made has been the case in recent its power and influence will the election more interesting years. “Democracy needs further erode if he wins hence more so if Gbagbo decides to exercise. If we say we cannot the formation of a single contest the polls. After serving two terms , President Ouattara says hold elections now, it will party may signal the end of its he may be eligible to run for more terms. bring a lot of problems. We political relevance. How PM

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